*Integrated Resources & Solid Waste Management Plan Update (with Appendices) - Dec 2009

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4.0 RECYCLING, B1000NVERSION, AND MARKETS EXHIBIT 4 -3 Factors Affecting Curbside Recycling Rates Estimated Recycling Rate Program Feature Impact (in percentage points) Variable garbage collection rates +5 to 6 Weekly recycling collection +2 to 4 Add additional materials +2 to 4 Commingled collection +1 to 3 Sources: California Integrated Waste Board. 2002. Curbside Recycling, the Next Generation: A Model for Local Government Recycling and Waste Reduction. Accessed at http: / /www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ publications /default.asp ?pubid =969 Estimated Cost. The cost of curbside recycling ranges significantly for different programs. Factors that influence costs are similar to those that affect the amount of recycling such as: • Costs increase with the frequency of collection (for example, weekly versus bi- weekly). One recent study estimated only a small reduction in diversion, but as much as a 40- percent reduction in collection costs by moving from weekly to bi- weekly service6. • Subscription versus mandatory service (mandatory collection has a higher total cost but lower cost per household because the travel distance between stops is reduced). • If recyclable materials are separated versus commingled, more collection time is required at each stop, thus increasing costs. • Costs are higher in more rural the service areas (because of longer distances and increased travel time between stops). • Shipping costs increase with distance to markets. Information about the extent to which various factors affect the cost of recycling are shown in Exhibit 4 -4. The EPA reports that typical costs for curbside recycling range from $2.75 to $5 per household per month7. However, costs can be considerably higher. For example, the City of Calgary, Alberta's new curbside collection program costs residents $8 per month$. All of these costs assume that there is a curbside garbage service in place. Should the County of Hawai'i implement curbside recycling in the absence of curbside garbage or green waste collection, costs would be relatively high because administration, billing, overhead, vehicle maintenance, training, and other costs would be applied only to recycling and would not be spread over the cost of multiple services. 6 Skumatz Economic Research Associates. 2008. Roadmap for Moving Recycling and Diversion Forward in Colorado: Strategies, Recommendations, and Implications. 7 http: / /www.epa.gov /osw /conserve/ tools /localgov /economics /collection.htm 8htto: / /content.calaa rv.ca /CCA /City +Hall/ Business+ Units /Waste+ and +Recvclina +Services /City +Initiatives /Curbside +Recvclin +Program /Calgary+ Launches+ Curbside +Recycling +Program +in +2009.htm 4 -16 December 2009