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Paradise Helicopters Special Permit Application <br />In terms of seismic risk, the entire Island of Hawaii is rated Zone 4, Seismic Probability <br />Rating (Uniform Building Code, Appendix Chapter 25, Section 2518). Zone 4 areas are <br />at risk from major earthquake damage, especially to poorly-designed or -built structures. <br />Surrounding Lands <br />All lands within the Royal Gardens Subdivision surrounding the subject property to the <br />north, south and east are zoned Agricultural 1 -acre. These lands are vacant or used for <br />single-family residences. The Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, which is in the State <br />Conservation District is adjacent and to the west of the subject property. Please see the <br />vicinity map. <br />Flora, Fauna and Archaeology Resources <br />Flora <br />The vegetation of the general Royal Gardens site can best be classified as a kipuka of <br />`Ohi'a Lowland Mesic Forest (Gagne and Cuddihy 1990). It consists of an open canopy <br />of sparse native forest dominated by 'ohi'a trees (Metrosideros polymorpha) between 10 <br />and 30 feet high, with some larger 'Individuals. A biological reconnaissance of the area in <br />July 2011 *Indicated that, like many mesic forests, it is diverse, with a variety of native <br />shrubs including alahe "e (Psydrax odoratum), 'akia (Wikstroemia sp.), 'ulei (Osteorneles <br />anthyllidifolia), "a "ali i i (Dodonea viscosa), and pukiawe (Leptecopliylla tameiameiae), <br />as well as several species of native ferns, sedges and vines. This forest has been overrun <br />by lava flows over the course of several decades and has been greatly reduced in size. <br />The integrity of the forest has been compromised by subdivision into roughly one acre <br />lots, with homes on some of the properties and roads throughout. As a result, it is highly <br />invaded in most areas by the region's dominant invasive species as well as other non- <br />natives, including most notably guava (Psidium guajava), Christmas berry ('cbinus <br />terebinthifolius), butterfly bush (Buddleia asiatica), Desmodium spp., white shrimp plant <br />(Justicia betonica), Melochia umbellata, and lantana (Lantana camara). A wide variety <br />of non-invasive non-native plants that were brought in for food or ornamental purposes <br />are also present. No streams, lakes or wetlands are present or would be affected in any <br />way by the project. <br />7 <br />