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The `apapane was also found in the 1997 avian survey. As described in the State of <br />Hawaii's 2005 Wildlife Report, historically, `apapane were common at low <br />elevations on all islands with appropriate habitat. In addition to the management <br />efforts described for Hawaii 'amakihi , future actions specific to the protection of <br />'apapane populations may include the following: <br />1. Mosquito control in degraded habitats. <br />2. Public education and outreach. <br />3. Continue protection and management of wildlife sanctuaries and refuges. <br />4. Continue forest bird surveys and habitat monitoring. <br />Biological Information from Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit [University of <br />Hawaii at Manoa] 2007 Technical Report 140 [Hawaiian Hoary Bat Inventory <br />in National Parks on Hawaii, Maui And Molokai, by Fraser et al.]: <br />Hawaiian Hoary Bat <br />The only native terrestrial mammal in Hawaii, the 'ope'ape'a, appear to be <br />opportunistic and forage in a variety of habitats, including native and nonnative <br />forests and shrublands, along roads and trails, and over areas of fresh /brackish <br />water and open ocean. Bat surveys conducted in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park <br />detected bats in many locations including in ohia dominant areas while surveys <br />conducted at Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National historic Park bats recorded bats <br />foraging between 10 -40 m offshore. Prior surveys (by Reynolds et al. (1998)) <br />observed Hawaiian hoary bat detections in the Puna District along forest edges and <br />open areas of roads they surveyed, which may suggest that bats occur most often <br />along forest edges, rather than in the forests themselves. The State land parcel <br />proposed for lease contains patchy ohia lowland forest and is located in close <br />proximity to the shoreline, and, therefore bats may be utilizing the parcel (for <br />roosting and /or feeding habitats). <br />10 <br />