HomeMy WebLinkAboutHawaii County Hazard Mitigation Plan UPDATE Aug.10.2015
Table of Contents
vi Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
List of Figures
.
.
List of Tables
x Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
Risk Assessment
Puna South HiloNorth HiloHamakuaNorth Kohala South KohalaNorth KonaSouth KonaKa’u
Emergency shelters--major shelters-- major communication communication communication shelters-- major shelters-- major communication Ka’u Hospital and
capacity capacity system hardening system hardening system hardening capacity defi-capacity defi-system hardening Naalehu EMS
Operations
deficiency; Pahoa deficiency; and/ or redun-and/ or redun-and/ or redun-ciency; Kohala ciency; commu-and/or redun-ranked high in a
Facilities
Fire Station in lava communication dancy; dancy; dancy; High & Elementary nication system dancy; Building 1 critical facilities
flow hazard zone system hardening Laupahoehoe Hale Ho’ola Kohala Hospital School and hardening and/ or and 2 and the vulnerability study
2; communication and/or redundancy; Police Station and Hamakua and and North Kohala Waimea State redundancy; Kona Psychiatric Facility
system hardening The Acute Care Laupahoehoe fire Hamakua Health Police Station office building Police Station and at Kona
and/or redundancy; Facility and the Station ranked high Center ranked high ranked high in a require hardening; Keauhou-Kona Community
Keaau Fire and Extended Care in a critical facilities in a critical facilities critical facilities communication Fire Station ranked Hospital ranked
Police Station and Facility at Hilo vulnerability study vulnerability study vulnerability study system hardening high in a critical high in a critical
Pahoa Fire Station Medical Center and/or facilities facilities
ranked high in a ranked high in a redundancy; North vulnerability study vulnerability study
critical facilities critical facilities Hawaii Community
vulnerability study vulnerability study Hospital and
Waimea Fire
Station ranked
high in a critical
facilities
vulnerability study
Infrastructure Hilo Harbor- - no Kawaihae Harbor-- Kona Airport-- no
hardening plans for due to damage hardening
Lifeline
tsunami or during the Kiholo
Facilities
hurricane surge; Bay Earthquake
Hilo Airport-- no several mitigation
hardening; Elec-measures have
trical generating been
station (Waiakea) recommended:
in VE flood zone; high strength piling
electrical trans-and anchorage
mission lines along retrofits, ground
Saddle Road in and subgrade
lava flow hazard improvement,
zone 2 performance
monitoring
Special High % of young-high % of elderly; high % of elderly high % of elderly High % of high % of elderly; high non- English High % of
sters; high % of high disabled; high youngsters; high high disabled; speakers youngsters; high %
Populations
elderly; high non- English non- English high non- English of elderly; high dis-
disabled; high % speakers speakers speakers abled; high %
public assistance; public assistance
high non- English
speakers
Mitigation Strategy
Relationship to the State Hazard Mitigation Plan (2013)
the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more
successfully adapt to adverse events.
Changes to Risk Exposure Due to Successful Mitigation Projects
Plan Update and Maintenance
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose and Scope of the Plan
Mayor, Governor, President
Flooding, Severe Storms, December 4-7, 2007 Countywide, Statewide Mayor, Governor, President
High Surf, and Mudslides
FloodingNovember 1& 2, 2000Ka’u, Pahala, Waiakea Uka, KomohanaMayor, Governor, President
FloodingAugust 12, 1994Hilo, Hamakua, Puna, Ka’uMayor, Governor, President
Mayor, Governor, President
Kilauea eruptionMay 18, 1990PunaMayor, Governor, President
EarthquakeOctober 15, 2006CountywideMayor, Governor, President
EarthquakeNovember 16, 1983CountywideMayor, Governor, President
Mayor, Governor, President
1.2 Organization of the Plan
1.3 Overview of Hawaii County
Chapter 1 – Appendix A.
Summary Digest Description of Changes from 2005 to 2010 in the
County of Hawai‘i MultiHazard Mitigation Plan – updated December 2010
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
CHAPTER 2 - MITIGATION PLANNING
2.1 Planning Process
2.2 Plan Development Process
2.3 Plan Integration Into Other Mechanisms
CHAPTER 3 - LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT
3.1 Population
3.2 Economy
3.3 Land Use
3.4 Analysis
3.5 Critical Facilities
3.6 University of Hawaii
CHAPTER 4 - HIGH WIND STORMS
4.1 Description of Hazard
4.2 Significant Historical Events
4.3 Probability of Occurrence
4.4 Risk Assessment
160
Tropical
140
Cyclone
Events
120
Peak Gust, mph
100
80
Non-Tropical
Wind Events
60
40
20
0
101001000
Return Period, Years
4.5 Mitigation Strategies
CHAPTER 5 - TROPICAL CYCLONES
5.1 Description of Hazard
5.2 Significant Historical Events
Name Year Estimated Loss ($) Effects
Hiki 1950 200,000 flooding on Kaua`i
Della 1957 high surf, Kaua`i
Nina 1957 100,000 high waves, Kaua`i
Dot 1959 6,000,000 $150,000 on Oahu and Hawai`i
Fico 1978 180,000 East Hawai`i
Susan 1978 –
Iwa 1982 312,000,000 Kaua`i and Oahu
Iniki 1992 1,800,000,000 all islands
(T.S.) Iselle 2014 6,000,000 Puna and Kau
160
140
Tropical
Cyclone
120
100
80
Peak Gust, mph
Non-Tropical
Wind Events
60
Iselle
40
20
0
101001000
Return Period, Years
5.3 Probability of Occurrence
ab
5.4 Risk Assessment
41% Without Roof
Strap
59% With Roof Strap
91% Without Roof
Strap
9% With Roof Strap
=
5.5 Mitigation Strategies
Project Description Status
Project Description Status
Project Description Status
CHAPTER 6 - LANDSLIDES AND ROCK FALLS
6.1 Description of Hazard
.
.
6.2 Significant Catastrophic Events
6.3 Probability of Occurrence
6.4 Risk Assessment
6.5 Mitigation Strategies
CHAPTER 7 - EARTHQUAKES
7.1 Description of Hazard
7.2 Significant Historic Events
•
•
•
•
7.3 Probability of Occurrence
vNNs
schu
7.4 Risk Assessment
7.5 Mitigation Strategies
3% No Seismic
Design
83% Code Deficient
14% Seismic
Compliant Design
59% No Seismic
Design
39% Code Deficient
2% Seismic Compliant
Design
Project Description Status
CHAPTER 8 - VOLCANIC HAZARDS
8.1 Hazard Description
8.2 Significant Historic Events
8.3 Probability of Occurrence
8.4 Risk Assessment
% Building Stock In Hazard Zone (based on area)Hazard Exposure
TractDistrictDescription123456789$AAL by tractALLR by TractDistrict
15001020100SOUTH HILOPapaikou-Wailea1.00520,302,382$ $1,0510.0002%
15001020200SOUTH HILOUpper Waiakea Forest Reserve0.370.300.010.32232,608,007$ $168,1660.0723%
15001020300SOUTH HILOPuueo-Downtown0.910.09758,039,632$ $711,8050.0939%
15001020400SOUTH HILOVilla Franca-Kaikoo1.00$ $652,5720.1032%632,534,825
15001020500SOUTH HILOUniversity - Houselots1.001,386,852,781$ $1,430,7840.1032%
15001020600SOUTH HILOKeaukaha-Panaewa1.001,176,770,100$ $1,214,0460.1032%
SOUTH HILO
15001020701SOUTH HILOPuainako1.00554,714,650$ $572,286
15001020702SOUTH HILOKawailani1.00555,696,175$ $573,2990.1032%
15001020801SOUTH HILOKukuau-Kaumana1.00504,970,475$ $520,9660.1032%
15001020802SOUTH HILOPiihonua-Kaumana1.00717,253,225$ $739,9740.1032%
15001020900SOUTH HILOHaihai1.00568,778,950$ $586,7960.1032%
15001021001SOUTH HILOLower Keaau1.001,699,785,371$ $1,753,6290.1032%
15001021002PUNAKeaau-Volcano1.001,448,609,457$ $1,494,4970.1032%
PUNA
15001021100PUNAPahoa-Kalapana0.230.500.271,082,017,600$ $1,460,1630.1349%
15001021200PUNAKau0.100.350.320.030.20767,986,750$ $727,4360.0947%
15001021300KAUSouth Kona0.050.750.20658,165,575$ $759,6950.1154%KAU
15001021400SOUTH KONAKealakekau- Captain Cook0.890.11442,919,125$ $413,6290.0934%
SOUTH KONA
15001021501SOUTH KONAKalaoa0.090.912,535,736,450$ $564,3330.0223%
15001021502NORTH KONAHualalai0.060.400.54609,567,725$ $339,2500.0557%
15001021503NORTH KONAKaumalumau-Kealakekua0.080.921,422,217,132$ $303,8720.0214%
NORTH KONA
15001021601NORTH KONAKailua1.001,615,167,275$ $230,2070.0143%
15001021602NORTH KONAKahului-Kaumalumalu1.001,369,362,350$ $195,1730.0143%
15001021701NORTH KONAKawaihae-Waikoloa0.310.560.143,439,194,975$ $1,107,8260.0322%
Waimea-Puu Anahulu0.300.530.171,278,321,125$ $398,8240.0312%SOUTH KOHALA
15001021702SOUTH KOHALA
15001021800NORTH KOHALNorth Kohala1.00717,123,807$ $5,9760.0008%NORTH KOHALA
A
15001021900HAMAKUAHonokaa-Kukuihaele0.630.37431,633,500$ $1,8800.0004%
HAMAKUA
15001022000HAMAKUAPaahau-Paauilo0.070.260.120.55259,500,950$ $90,8460.0350%
15001022100NORTH HILONorth Hilo0.040.340.050.210.36222,181,475$ $116,7370.0525%NORTH HILO
$ $17,135,718= AAL27,608,011,844
0.0621%ALLR (total)
8.5 Mitigation Strategies
Project Description Status
CHAPTER 9 - TSUNAMIS
9.1 Description of Hazard
9.2 Significant Historic Events
9.3 Probability of Occurrence
MEAN
9.4 Risk Assessment
9.5 Mitigation Strategies
CHAPTER 10 - FLOODS
10.1 Description of Hazard
10.2 Significant Historical Events
10.3 Probability of Occurrence
10.4 Mitigation Strategies
CHAPTER 11 - DAM FAILURES
11.1 Description of Hazard
11.2 Significant Historic Events and Lessons Learned
11.3 Probability of Occurrence
11.4 Risk Assessment
11.5 Mitigation Strategies
MIKE 11 MIKE 21
MIKE FLOOD
CHAPTER 12 - HIGH SURF
12.1 Description of Hazard
12.2 Significant Historic Events
12.3 Probability of Occurrence
12.4 Risk Assessment
12.5 Mitigation Strategies
CHAPTER 13 - CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS AND
COASTAL EROSION
13.1 Description of Hazard - Climate Change Effects
13.2 Significant Historical Events – Climate Change Effects
Normal Conditions -
December 1993
El Niño (warm) Conditions -
December 1997
La Niña (cold) Conditions -
December 1998
13.3 Probability of Occurrence – Climate Change Effects
13.4 Risk Assessment – Climate Change Effects
13.5 Mitigation Strategies – Climate Change Effects
13.6 Description of Hazard – Coastal Erosion
13.7 Significant Historical Events – Coastal Erosion
13.8 Probability of Occurrence – Coastal Erosion
13.9 Risk Assessment – Coastal Erosion
13.10 Mitigation Strategies – Coastal Erosion
CHAPTER 14 - DROUGHTS
14.1 Description of Hazard
14.2 Significant Historic Events
14.3 Probability of Occurrence
14.4 Risk Assessment
14.5 Mitigation Strategies
CHAPTER 15 - WILDFIRES
15.1 Description of Hazard
15.2 Significant Historic Events
15.3 Probability of Occurrence
15.4 Community Wildfire Protection Plans
15.5 Risk Assessment
Photo Courtesy: HWMO
15.6 Mitigation Strategies
CHAPTER 16 - HAZMAT
16.1 History
16.2 Organization of the State and Local Emergency Planning Committee
16.3 Environmental Response Law
16.4 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act
CHAPTER 17 - SHELTERS
17.1 Public Emergency Shelters
Saffir-Simpson Storm Categories and Shelter Classifications
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
EF/COOP
Type BType AEHPA
818997105113121129137145153161169177185
3-Second Peak Gust Windspeed Strength Capacity (mph)
17.2 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF COUNTY OF HAWAII HURRICANE
SHELTERS TROPICAL STORM ISELLE (August 8, 2014)
17.3 Private Hurricane Shelters
17.4 Safe Rooms
17.5 Enhanced Hurricane Protection Areas
17.6 Future Mitigation Plans
CHAPTER 18 - RISK ASSESSMENT
18.1 Emergency Response Facilities and Capabilities
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chapter 18: Risk Assessment
Figure 18-13. Roads and Bridges
Roads and bridges may be (and have been) affected completely by stream flooding, tsunamis,
earthquakes, and landslides. The 7.2 magnitude Halape earthquake in 1975 not only damaged roads in
102
the Volcano area but caused landslides that affected the highway at Laupahoehoe and Honomu. The
heavy rain and flooding in November 2001 completely blocked a major road in Hilo and the only
highway through Ka`u. The tsunami of 1946 ruined the railroad bridges at Wailuku River and Kolekole
stream (the railroad right-of-way is now highway 19). Several bridges on this coast are now being
reinforced against earthquake damage which may also make them more resistant to tsunami or
hurricane storm surge. Ali`i Drive in Kailua is susceptible to these hazards but there are alternate routes.
Figure 18-13 identifies the bridges on the major roads. Future updates to this plan will identify road
segments and bridges that are within the VE zone (at risk to tsunami and hurricane surge), the bridges
that have been or are programmed for reinforcement, and the highway segments that have experienced
past closure from landslides with no alternate routes. Key repairs were made after the 2001 flood to
bridges that have required repetitive repairs.
102 USGS
18-29 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
44 CFR 10.8 (c) Statutory exclusions. The following actions are statutorily excluded from NEPA and
the preparation of environmental impact statements and environmental assessments by section 316 of
the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act), as amended, 42
Chapter 18: Risk Assessment
18.2 Special at Risk Populations and Areas
18.2.1At Risk Populations
Certain segments of the population require special attention for hazard education efforts to build their
readiness capability or during a hazard event for evacuation assistance. These population segments
include:
•Young and elderly-- require special hazard education and evacuation assistance;
•Non-English speakers-- require special hazard education;
•Persons with disabilities-- require special hazard education and evacuation assistance for the
sensory, mental, and physically impaired;
•Lower income-- requires special hazard education to implement readiness measures and may
require assistance during recovery phase.
111
•Visitor-- lack knowledge of hazards and warning systems
The concentrations of these special populations are as follows:
Relatively high percentage of youngsters (<18 years old)
•Puna District-- several communities (e.g., Ainaloa, Fern Acres, Nanawale Estates, Orchidland
Estates, Hawaiian Beaches)
•Pahala and Naalehu in the Ka’u District;
•Waikoloa and Waimea in the South Kohala District.
Relatively high percentage of elderly (60+ years old)
•South and North Hilo Districts-- several communities (e.g., Honomu, Papaikou, Paukaa,
Wainaku, Laupahoehoe);
•Pahoa in the Puna District;
•Honokaa in the Hamakua District;
•Keauhou in the North Kona District;
•Pahala in the Ka’u District.
Places with more than 1,000 disabled persons (excluding employment disabilities):
•Hilo in the South Hilo District;
•Kailua and Holualoa in the North Kona District;
•Hawaiian Paradise Park, Hawaiian Beaches, and Volcano in the Puna District;
•Waimea in the North Kohala District.
Highest percentage of public assistance as an indicator of lower income:
•Puna District;
•Ka’u District.
Highest numbers of persons who do not speak English well or not at all:
•Hilo and Pepeekeo in South Hilo District
•Keaau, Hawaiian Paradise Park, Pahoa in Puna District
Kailua and Holualoa in North Kona District
•Waimea and Waikoloa Village in South Kohala District
•Captain Cook in South Kona District
111 Preparing the tourism sector (and other transient populations) for disaster in Hawai’i County, Institute of
Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited (NZ) & the University of Hawaii Manoa, February 2004
18-44 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 18: Risk Assessment
18.2.2Buildings, Residences and Remote Off-Grid Settlement Areas
The location of residential areas is important for evacuation and shelter planning. The value of buildings
at risk indicates whether special measures are warranted to reduce vulnerability. As of December 2009,
there were approximately 132,555 lots in this County of which 59,249 were zoned for residential use.
Table 18-8 summarizes the number of residential lots and total building values entirely or partially
located within the tsunami evacuation zone, special flood hazard zone, or lava hazard zone 1 or 2.
112
Table 18-8. Vulnerability Analysis of Residential Areas
Islandwide Special Flood TsunamiLava Hazard
Hazard Zone Evacuation Zone 1 or 2
Zone
Total Lots132,555-- 6,30033,124
Residential Lots59,2491,6182,6685,752
% Total Lots
44.7%1.2%2.0%4.3%
Total Building
$22,997M$1,321M$1,391M$1,448M
Value of
Residential Lots
18.2.3Hotels and Resorts
Hotels and resorts pose special concerns for the safety of visitors, with most of the major facilities
located in the tsunami evacuation zone. Since public shelters do not have capacity to accommodate all
visitors, the hotels and resorts would be relied upon for in-place sheltering. Future planning will strive
to have each major hotel and resort has an emergency plan approved by Civil Defense to ensure a
trained staff and appropriate shelter capabilities. An updated database of hotels and resorts would track
the status of emergency plans and contact information to communicate as necessary with the resort
before, during, or after a disaster.
18.2.4Schools, Day Care Centers, and Nursing Homes
If evacuation is necessary during school hours, the location of all day care centers and schools from
pre-schools to university, public and private, is critical to control traffic flow. For daycare centers, pre-
schools and elementary schools, significant traffic will be incoming for parents to pick up their children,
as well as outgoing.
Nursing homes will require emergency response plans to ensure sheltering, evacuation, supply of
emergency provisions, and back-up systems to sustain vital medical equipment.
18.2.5Parks and Shopping Centers
Parks and shopping centers are a concern since large numbers of people may be at these facilities and
may not be aware of warnings. Future planning will ensure that managers of major shopping centers
have emergency plans. Federal, State, and County park personnel participate in the EOC to ensure
proper warnings and evacuation of these facilities, as necessary. Park buildings and shopping centers
may also serve as shelters. Park grounds may serve as potential temporary storage areas for green waste
or other debris.
112
Based on 2008 County Tax Appraiser data
18-45 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
Chapter 18: Risk Assessment
H
18.2.6azardous Materials Sites
Hazardous materials (HAZMAT) are potential secondary hazards if released into the environment by a
hazard event, or if it is potentially explosive from the heat of a lava flow or wildfire. HAZMAT carriers
may cause spills in accidents caused by flooding or earthquake. HAZMAT transported through
pipelines may leak as a result of earthquakes. HAZMAT releases pose short- and long-term
toxicological threats to humans and to terrestrial and aquatic plants and wildlife. Toxic materials affect
people through one of three processes: inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with skin.
The State Department of Health requires the registration of storage sites for hazardous materials and
notification to the Fire Department. The Department of Health maintains a database on these storage
sites. Future updates to this plan will include a map produced from the County’s GIS database.
18.3 Relationship of Land Use Growth Trends to Hazard Areas
18.3.1Growth Trends
The County of Hawaii encompasses the entire island of Hawaii which consists of 4,028.2 square miles,
larger than all of the other Hawaiian Islands combined. While the largest in size, Hawaii County also
enjoys the lowest population density in the state at approximately 37 persons per square mile which
113
compares to a statewide average of approximately 189 persons per square mile. The census
registered 148,677 residents in the year 2000, a 24 per cent increase over the 1990 resident population.
The County General Plan revision anticipates that the resident population will continue to grow and
projects annual growth rates ranging from 1.95 per cent to 2.1 percent till the year 2020. Projected
estimates for 2020 indicate an island resident population of 217,718, or an increase of 46 per cent over
114
the estimated 2000 population of 148,677.
The low population density is reflected in the broad land use patterns established within the county.
The State Land Use Law established four basic land use categories within the state in 1961.These
categories are described by the County General Plan revision as follows: “The Urban District is
generally defined as lands in urban use with sufficient reserve to accommodate foreseeable growth. In
the County of Hawaii this district is comprised of approximately 55,989 acres or two per cent of the
island's total land area. Rural Districts are defined as lands primarily comprised of small farms mixed
with low density residential lots that have a minimum lot size of one-half acre under the State Land
Use Law. Of the four districts, this is the smallest, with approximately 1,005 acres of the island's total
land area. The Agricultural District includes lands with a high capacity for intensive cultivation as well
as those with low capacity. The minimum lot size in this district under the State Land Use Law is one
acre. The Agricultural District has the second greatest land area with approximately 1,184,599 acres or
slightly under 46 per cent of the total land area of the island. Conservation Districts are primarily those
lands in the existing forest and water reserve zones. This district has the largest land area with
115
approximately 1,339,770 acres or 52 per cent of the total land area of the island.” The state land use
district acreages are broken down by judicial district below.
113 County of Hawaii, Department of Research and Development, Data Book, 2008.
114 County of Hawaii, Planning Department. General Plan, 2005.
115 County of Hawaii, Planning Department. General Plan, 2005.
18-46 Hawaii County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
CHAPTER 19 - MITIGATION STRATEGY
19.1 Mitigation Goals and Objectives
19.2 Mitigation Actions by Hazard Type
19.3 Priority Criteria
19.4 Implementation Plan
19.5 Discussion on Past Implementation Actions
Project Description HazardsLead AgencyStatus
I.D. No.
1.0Administrative actions not requiring major funding:
1.1 Review the General Plan natural hazard policies All hazards Planning Being continued in current plan
in light of this mitigation plan and American
Planning Association suggested policies
1.2 Adopt the International Building Code Hurricane, Earthquake Department of Updated to the 2006 IBC
Public Works
1.3 Update tsunami evacuation maps Tsunami Data Systems w/ Being completed in current plan
Civil Defense
1.6 Study feasibility of participating in the Community Flooding Public Works Completed
Rating System
1.10 Conduct hazard loss estimation study; incorpo-All hazards Civil Defense Performed in the plan’s Hawaii
rate cost-benefit methodology as a factor in priori-County all-hazard assessment of
tizing projects critical facilities
2.0Ongoing funded studies that need to be incorporated into future updates of this plan
2.1 Emergency shelter evaluation Hurricane DAGS Continued in current plan
2.4 Organize public awareness and preparedness All hazards Civil Defense w/ Continued in current plan,
program, including CERTs, also include public Research &
education Development,
Planning
2.6 Implement State Drought Plan Drought Civil Defense, with Continued in current plan
Fire and DWS
3.0Actions requiring funding
3.1 Harden public schools for emergency shelters Hurricane, Flooding Dept of Acctg and Continued in the current plan
Gen Services
(DAGS)
3.2 Modernize FIRM maps in accordance with priority Flood, Hurricane Dept of Public Completed
mutually established between County and DLNR Works
3.6 Study hardening requirements for Hilo and Tsunami, Hurricane, Dept of Trans-Continued in the current plan
Kawaihae Harbors Earthquake portation
Project Description HazardsLead AgencyStatus
I.D. No.
3.8 Study bypass alternatives for major highways All hazards Dept of Public Continued in the current plan
Works
3.9 Study hardening requirements for fuel storage Hurricane, Earthquake, Civil Defense, with Continued in the current plan
and distribution to critical facilities Tsunami fuel providers
3.12 Identify landslide hazard areas and mitigation Landslides Civil Defense w/ Continued in the current plan
actions Dept of Trans-
portation, Public
Works
3.14 Study hardening requirements for electrical Hurricane HELCO Continued in the current plan;
system and power lines culling of Albizia to prevent treefalls
onto power lines
19.6 Present Implementation Actions
Project Description HazardsLead AgencyRequiredFunding Priority
Budget Source
Administrative actions not requiring major funding:
Hurricane, Department of Public minimal County High
Update the building code
from the 2006 IBC to the
Earthquake Works
2012 IBC
Tsunami Data Systems w/ minimal State High
Update tsunami evacuation maps
:Tsunami
Civil Defense
Inundation and Runup Mapping: Analysis of the
island of Hawaii based on State Civil Defense
scenarios from tsunami-genic source regions in the
Aleutian Islands.
Identify hardening projects to implement 2009 seismic Earthquake, Civil Defense, with minimal County High
evaluation study of critical facilities Hurricane Public Works, Fire,
and Hospitals
Study hardening requirements for fuel storage and Hurricane, Civil Defense, with $50,000 Homeland High
distribution to critical facilities Earthquake, fuel providers Security,
Tsunami FEMA, County
Develop policies and procedures for establishing site $50,000
specific hazard mitigation design criteria for critical
facilities
All hazards Planning minimal County Medium
Review the General Plan natural hazard
policies in light of this mitigation plan and
American Planning Association suggested
policies
Flooding Public Works minimal County Medium
Participate in the Community Rating System
All hazards Civil Defense minimal County Medium
Conduct hazard loss estimation studies;
incorporate cost-benefit methodology as a
factor in prioritizing projects
Develop a GIS-based Multi-Hazard website All hazards Civil Defense/PDC TBD County Medium
Ongoing funded studies that need to be incorporated into future updates of this plan:
VOG and all Civil Defense w/ budgeted else-FEMA, County High
Organize public awareness and preparedness
hazards Research & where
program, including mitigation techniques and
Development,
retrofit training
Planning
Develop Dam Evacuation Maps Flood FEMA/PDC Medium
Adopt tsunami design provisions and Tsunami Design Tsunami Medium
Zone maps for buildings (to be released in Sept 2016)
for new and for evaluating existing buildings.)
Drought Civil Defense, with budgeted else-DLNR Medium
Implement State Drought Plan; improve water
Fire and DWS where
resources
Actions requiring funding:
Perform a comprehensive screening evaluation of Hurricane $125,000 High
private sector candidate building types for possible
hurricane refuge use
Emergency shelter evaluation:Hurricane $125,000 High
All-Hazard
Assessment of Potentially capable hurricane refuges
in the private sector inventory
Hurricane, Dept of Accounting Included in FEMA, State, High
Harden public schools for emergency shelters
Flooding, Tsu-and Gen Services State’s mitigation County
nami(DAGS), DOE plan
Update the HAZUS MH model to incorporate data on Earthquake $125,000 High
State and County Bridges
Project Description HazardsLead AgencyRequiredFunding Priority
Budget Source
Tsunami, Hurri-State Dept of Trans-included in State HomelandHigh
Study hardening requirements for Hilo and
cane, Earth-portation planSecurity,
Kawaihae Harbors
quake FEMA, State
Tsunami, Hurri-Civil Defense $75,000 Homeland High
Study hardening requirements for fuel storage
cane, Earth-Security,
quake FEMA, State
Investigate effectiveness of VOG mitigation VOG Medium
techniques
Adapt HAZUS MH for hurricane analysis Hurricane, Civil Defense w/ $150,000 FEMA, State, Medium
Earthquake Public Works County
Testing of the seismic and wind performance of single Hurricane, Civil Defense w/ $150,000 Medium
wall construction Earthquake Public Works
Hurricane,
Explore incentives for existing homeowners Department of Public $125,000 County Medium
Earthquake, Works w/ Civil
and businesses to retrofit their structures
FloodingDefense
Landslides Civil Defense w/ Dept DOT study done; FEMA, State, Medium
Identify landslide and coastal erosion hazard
of Transportation, $50,000 for County
areas and mitigation actions
Public Works coastal cliffs
Hurricane HELCO to be determined HELCO Medium
Study hardening requirements for electrical
system
Hurricane, Civil Defense, with to be determined County shared Medium
Explore with utilities feasibility of underground
Earthquake, Planning & utilities w/ utilities
power lines
Tsunami
H, M, or
Project
TypeCost/Status
L?
Medium
Coordination /
Natural hazard policies for the General Plan& Community Development Plan
Integration
Policy
Medium
Develop Natural Hazard Mitigation Criteria Policies for County Facility Siting Develop State and
County Policies
and Design
High
SDOT Planning Project
Implement hardening requirements for Hilo and Kawaihae Harbors per SDOT
Infrastructure
Medium
SDOT Planning Project
Study bypass alternatives for major highways
High
Investigate Vulnerability of County Roads/Bridges &Plan Alternative Routes
High
Planning Project
Investigate hardening options for fuel storage and distribution to critical
facilities
Medium
Investigate hardening options and hazard mitigation for electrical systems HECO Planning Project
Hawaii County All-Hazard Assessment for Retrofit of Critical Facilities.High
Facilities
Building
Update the building code to the 2012 IBC by 2017 for updated wind maps High
Required per HRS 107
and wind design updates to current national standards, to comply with State
statute
Incentives
Medium
Incentives for homeowners and businesses to retrofit their structures Outreach Project
Medium
Testing of the Seismic and Wind Performance of Single Wall Construction$150K
Medium
Create Hazard Retrofit Training Course at Hawaii Community College
Medium
Add Mitigation Displays at Libraries (hardcopy and digital)
Outreach
Medium
Produce Do-it-yourself retrofit training videos
Conduct Public Meetings on VOG / SO2 and how to mitigate it’s effects High
Medium
Visitor Industry Disaster Preparation & Training
Medium
Multi-Hazard Information GIS Mapping Public Website UHH
Medium
Adapt HAZUS-MH for use with hurricane hazard to Hawaii County $150K
High
Perform a comprehensive screening evaluation of private sector candidate $125K
Hurricane
building types for possible hurricane refuge use
High
Emergency shelter evaluation: All-Hazard Assessment of Hurricane Shelters DAGS program
Assess the structural integrity of roof sheathing and adequacy of its Recommended
connectors when it is exposed during any re-roofing project. Policy
Recommended PUC
Provide higher-grade poles for electrical distribution
Policy
Update the HAZUS MH model to incorporate data on State and County High
$125K
EQ
Bridges
High
Update tsunami evacuation maps for 13 priority areas SCD/UH completing
Tsunami
Tsunami-resilient design provisions for new critical facilities and infrastructure per HRS 107 Part II
with the 2018
per ASCE 7-16To be adopted by 2020 per state statute. Prepare detailed
International Building
Tsunami Design Zone maps for State Building Code amendment
Code
Medium
Implement Dam Evacuation Maps HCDA Project
NRCS
Medium
Regulations for development by region-specific ordinances in high hazard or
unknown hazard watersheds
LIDAR-based remapping of stream beds (list by NRCS RC&D)Medium
H, M, or
Project
TypeCost/Status
L?
Medium
Evaluate use of retention structures for high slope areas
High
Wildland Fire Mitigation Resource Mapping and Inventory Program
High
Establish and maintain firebreaks around roads and communities in North $2.2M/15-yr:;
Puako only for $500K
and South Kohala districts; Mitigate wildfire threat along strategic corridors in
annually/2-yr
the Puako Forest
Wildfires
Medium
Install dry hydrants and develop static water sources
$10,000/site
Roadside fuel management program along an identified corridor of Highway Medium
Needs Budget & Scope
definition
190, South Kohala/North Kona
Renovations/improvements to old plantation irrigation system tunnels and Medium
$3 M
ditches: Kau Sugar System Reactivation (not eligible for FEMA grant)
Improvements to old plantation irrigation system tunnels and ditches and new Medium
$26M
Kauahi reservoir: Waimea (not eligible for FEMA grant)
Drought
Improvements to the Kohala Ditch Irrigation Aqueduct (install lining and High
?
piping)
Medium
Renovate and Reactivate old abandoned plantation wells in Pahala $2.5M
Medium
Renovate and Reactivate old Hamakua Slaughterhouse well for non-potable $100K
agricultural use in Honokaa/Hamakua (not eligible for FEMA grant)
High
Promote better irrigation practices and water management. $100K
Medium
Agricultural Water System for Kona, Honomalino: Provide water for $25M
In planning
agriculture and fire fighting assistance. (not eligible for FEMA grant)
High
Poohoohoo Reservoir Relining and pipeline $250K
Medium
Identify landslide and coastal erosion hazard areas and mitigation actions Planning Project
Landslide
Others
ProjectDescription Status
Develop Natural Hazard
Review the General Plan and Community Development Plan natural hazard
policies in light of this mitigation plan updateMitigation Criteria Policies
for County Facility Siting
and Design
Develop Natural Hazard Mitigation Criteria Policies for County Facility Siting and
Design
Conduct hazard loss estimation study; incorporate cost-benefit methodology as a
factor in evaluating criteria.
Hawaii County All-Hazard Assessment of Critical Facilities HAZUS MH was been used The detailed evaluation has
This project conducted onsite all-hazard rapid visual screening and building to evaluate the expected identified priority buildings and
construction as-built data collection for the EOC, 10 fire stations, 10 police losses for each facility. providing the information
stations, 13 ambulance facilities, 6 hospital/medical clinics, and the two major necessary to submit grant
airports (KOA and ITO). HAZUS MH was been used to evaluate the expected applications
losses for each facility.
SDOT Harbors Division
Study hardening requirements for Hilo and Kawaihae Harbors
jurisdiction
Needs further scope Proposed Planning Project
Study hardening, floodproofing, and bypass alternatives for major highways
definition
Needs further scope Proposed Planning Project
Study hardening requirements for fuel storage and distribution to critical facilities
definition
Study hardening requirements for electrical systems; Explore with utilities Needs further scope Proposed Planning Project
feasibility of underground power lines definition
County Deadline for
Update the building code to the 2012 IBC Required by HRS 107 Part
adoption will be in 2017
Also Include nonstructural earthquake damage prevention in the local building II
code
ProjectDescription Status
Explore incentives for existing homeowners and businesses to retrofit their FEMA-funded HMGP
project completed; in
structures:
Investigation of Post and Pier Earthquake Damage and Development of publication from UHM along
Incremental Retrofits for Hawaii Single-Family Residences with development of Expert
This study has conducted building surveys of representative cases of post and System user interface by
pier homes, performed analysis of prototypical structures based on the as-built UHH, providing pre-
data, and developed simple seismic retrofit schemes.engineered retrofits that
have been rendered in
guidelines and drawings
that a contractor can use
without extensive
engineering design.
The project above only
Testing of the Seismic and Wind Performance of Single Wall Construction Proposed 1-year Project
deals with the post & pier
Establish the actual performance of single wall construction when subjected to $150,000
foundation; this project
major (M>7) earthquakes and hurricanes
Develop more reliable design features for retrofit procedures would evaluate retrofit
improvements to the
Incorporate improved modeling of this building type in HAZUS MH
single wall and roof
system for earthquakes
and hurricanes
Water Conservation and Watershed Management Education: Mitigate the effects Proposed Project
of drought by increasing the public’s awareness of water conservation and
watershed management.
Create Hazard Retrofit Training Course at Hawaii Community College Proposed Project
Add Mitigation Displays (hardcopy and digital) at Libraries Proposed Project
Produce Do-it-yourself retrofit training videos Proposed Project
Supplement with studies
Conduct Public Meetings on VOG and how to mitigate it’s effects Proposed Project
to document the rate of
removal (efficacy) of the
various proposed VOG
mitigation techniques
ProjectDescription Status
Hazard Information GIS Mapping Public Website: Parcel-based one-stop Proposed Project; Some of the
The architecture would be to allow a client to enter a TMK, an address, or a ZIP multi-hazard lookup; the maps may not yet have been
code, and then be able to bring up a sequence of maps relevant to that location. website must be easily and developed;
If the TMK or address was entered, then that location would be flagged or reliably maintained.
highlighted, on each map; if a ZIP code is entered, then the ZIP code area
covered would be highlighted. For each hazard, the client would be able to bring
up maps for each threat associated with the hazard. The client could then click
through to additional information on: what structures are most vulnerable to the
threat; how to mitigate for that particular threat; and links to additional information
on the threat.
Hazard Information GIS Mapping Public Website:
Hazard Threat Primary Products Secondary Products/links
Storm Surge Coastal Inundation Maps Design guidelines/standards for construction in coastal
Hurricane inundation zones
High Winds Wind Acceleration Maps Guidance on mitigation for high winds
Flash Flooding FIRM Maps Guidance on flood-proofing dwellings
Ground Earthquake Ground Acceleration Guidance on earthquake retrofits for structural
Earthquake Acceleration mapsupgrades; Non-structural mitigation measures; Info on
Soil amplification/ liquefaction structures most at risk
maps
Liquifaction Liquifaction Maps Structural guidance for liquefaction areas
Volcanic Eruption Lava flow Lava flow risk maps HVO web site
Vog Vog risk map (to be developed) Vog chemistry and types of threats (catchment,
respiratory, corrosion)
Ash and tephra fall Risk map of ashfall IVHHN web site (http://www.ivhhn.org/)
Maps of ash deposits from known
eruptions (Kilauea)
Tsunami Coastal Flooding Inundation and Evacuation Maps Design standards for construction in inundation zones
Guidance on locally-generated tsunami
Flashflooding Water and FIRM Maps Flood-proofing residential dwellings
debris flow
Wildland fires Range and forest Long-term Rainfall/drought Drought assessment maps
firepotential maps; Map of historical (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_asses
fires on each island (need to be sment/drought_assessment.shtml)
developed)
Visitor Industry Disaster Preparation & Training Proposed Project
Mitigation Actions for Hurricane and Wind Events
Project Description Status
Adapt HAZUS-MH or other hazard modeling to Hawaii Incorporate Hawaii building inventory and critical Proposed Planning Project; The HAZUS model
Island facilities into the HAZUS MH wind risk model. now has a realistic building inventory for Hawaii
Hurricanes will cause much higher losses than and Maui, but it needs to be converted to the
earthquakes to residential buildings; vulnerable building modeling scheme used for hurricane
structures can be identified with respect to high analysis.
wind zones
Emergency shelter evaluation; Harden public schools Conduct onsite building construction as-built data Ongoing work by DAGS and HIEMA, subject to
for emergency shelters. There is a shortage of shelter collection for the remaining 7 hurricane shelter continued legislative sponsorship.
buildings in Hawaii County. Of the 14 hurricane buildings, using the more detailed DAGS-Waiakea High School Gymnasium is being
shelter sites on the island, seven shelter sites have standardized structural evaluation procedure that retrofitted by DAGS in 2015.
been evaluated for safety by DAGS: follows the criteria established by the legislature Hilo High School built a new Gymnasium that
Holualoa E. S. can function as a shelter, since it was designed
Waikoloa E.S. bldg D in accordance with the State Building Code
Waikoloa E.S. bldg E Enhanced Hurricane Protective Area
Konawaena E.S requirements.
Waiakea HighSchool
Keaau High School
Hilo High School
Perform an evaluation of private sector buildings for Perform a study to identify and rank Hawaii Recommended Planning Project
possible use for refuge; this could result in a decrease building types that could be deemed safer for
in the number of persons that would report to a public hurricane resistance without exhaustive site
shelter. investigations. Then the more detailed DAGS-
standardized structural evaluation procedure
would be specified to be used for private buildings
seeking use as “hurricane-ready” refuges
Assess the structural integrity of roof sheathing and When re-roofing a critical facility, provide extra Recommended Policy
adequacy of its connectors when it is exposed during protection from water damage, and check and
any re-roofing project. refasten the roof sheathing as necessary.
PUC and utility to adopt use of Hawaii topographic Recommended Policy
Provide higher-grade poles for electrical distribution
windspeeds for use with the National Electric
Safety Code.
Mitigation Actions for Earthquake Events
Project Description Status
Update the HAZUS MH model to incorporate detailed data Compile detailed data on bridges in Hawaii County Proposed HETAC Planning Project
on State and County Bridges Update the HAZUS MH model and develop more
Current loss models reflect default data that is incomplete accurate bridge damage estimates for earthquake
and not up to date with present status that includes bridges scenarios
that have been seismically retrofitted Formulate priority rankings of higher vulnerability
bridges not yet retrofitted
Mitigation Actions for Lava / VOG
Project Description Status
NOAA HYSPLIT Model tries to forecast SO2 hourly based Based on wind modeling of dipersion over the course of Being used in an evaluation trial at
on meteorological conditions and emission rates of the each day.HCDA and USGS HVO.
Halemaumau and Pu’u O’o sources.
Community testing of pH and metal content in water Conducted by CSAV at community workshops
catchment systems
Mitigation Actions for Tsunamis
Project Description Status
Update tsunami evacuation maps: The 2-D model is based on good topographic data along Ongoing project: Any necessary
Tsunami Inundation and Runup Mapping: Analysis of the the coastline (e.g., LIDAR). “Maximum credible evacuation zone changes would be
island of Hawaii based on scenarios from tsunami-genic inundation” used to develop evacuation maps done by Darryl Oliviera, Administrator
source regions along the Pacific Rim. Big Island mapping of HCDA based on updated information
focuses on 12 populated areas around the island. from UH SOEST; The inundation maps
have been approved by the Hawaii
Emergency Management Agency as of
June 18, 2015
Tsunami design provisions s for new buildings and critical ASCE 7-16 will include Chapter 6, Tsunami Loads & To be adopted per HRS 107 Part II with
facilities and infrastructure per ASCE 7-16. Effects. ASCE 7-16 is implemented by reference in the the 2018 International Building Code
IBC 2018
Project Description Status
Area Development Plan for Existing and Future Floodplain management and land use Ongoing project scope: Recommend
Development regulatory integration scope of work revisions to the Department of Public
This project proposes to refine regulations and policies for includes examining regulatory integration Works for Chapters 10 and 27; and
new development and provide community outreach in of grading ordinance (HCC chap 10), recommend revisions to the Planning
regards to protection/precaution measures. Context flood control code (chap 27), subdivision Department for Chapters 23 and 25 and
Sensitive Solutions methodology will be used to identify a code (chap 23), and zoning code (chap develop new regulatory measures to
comprehensive programmatic approach to mitigate the 25)reduce flood hazards within the County of
risks to existing and future developments. The study also Hawai‘i and to earn FEMA Community
proposes to identify and prioritize floodplain mapping, Rating System (CRS) points for the
develop policies for unprotected subdivisions, and County of Hawai’i.
coordinate disaster preparedness planning for floods.
Develop rainfall and streamflow gaging system suitable to Internet accessible tool to view real-time NOAA PSC developing prototype
flood monitoring rainfall and streamflow data application for emergency managers
Feasibility of participating in the Community Rating Results in reduction in flood insurance Project requires documentation effort and
System premiums analysis of repetitive loss properties
Dam & Reservoir Safety DLNR and USCOE Evaluation; dam break evacuation maps to be
Certification of compliance that owners meet Phase I USCOE dam break inundation study of 11 developed by HCDA
operation and maintenance recommendations and have dams statewide; PDC study of “sunny
an emergency action plan. day” dam break inundation for 138 dams
statewide;
LIDAR-based remapping of stream beds (list by NRCS Proposed Project
RC&D)
Control development with region-specific ordinances in Proposed Project
high hazard or unknown hazard watersheds
Evaluate use of retention structures for high slope areas Proposed Project
Mitigation Actions for Drought and Wildfire Events
Project Description Status
Wildland Fire Mitigation Resource Mapping and Core resource inventory completed Periodic updates needed every 18
Inventory Program: Continue the development and months. Hawaii Wildfire Management
maintenance of a GIS map and database to identify Organization does these updates;
the location, type, and contact information for HWMO is also working on a portable
various widland fire protection resources. version for first responders – due
December 2009.
Establish and maintain firebreaks around roads and $2.2M Long-term15-yr proposed project
communities in North and South Kohala districts
(includes the Kawaihae, Waikoloa, and Waimea
communities)
Mitigate wildfire threat along strategic corridors in $500,000 2-year project Wildfire mitigation for the forest is an
the Puako Forest to reduce the threat of a Ladder fuels along these corridors will be element in the South Kohala
catastrophic crown fire that could destroy the forest removed. Community Development Plan, which
and homes as well as threaten nearby resort was adopted by ordinance by Hawaii
complexes. County in 2008.
Install dry hydrants and develop static water $10,000/site in high hazard wildland fire Proposed Project
sources: The water source/dry hydrant will allow districts
fire trucks to refill their water tanks when fighting
forest and grassland fires in the Hamakua area.
Remote Weather Montoring: Establish and $85,000; Intellisense telemetry system under 5-yr proposed project
maintenance Remote Automated Weather Stations development by UH This project partially completed with 3
in the districts of North Kohala, South Kohala, Kau, new RAWS stations in S. Kohala &
Kona, and Mauna Kea. Kona
Roadside fuel management: Develop and maintain Proposed Project
a roadside fuel management program along an
identified corridor of Highway 190, South
Kohala/North Kona.
Agricultural practices to mitigate wildland fires in Needs a tax break incentive
communities and subdivisions: Continue to
investigate and expand agricultural practices to
mitigate wildfire impacts by using livestock grazing
in open pastures as a fuel management tool.
Project Description Status
This plan should be completed before final subdivision approval is granted. These plans should recommend specific measures for reducing
wildfire hazard in the interface areas between the subdivision and any range/open lands or forests and in any open areas within the
subdivision.
When developing these elements, the following standards should be considered:
National Fire Protection (NFPA) document 1141, Standard for Fire Protection Infrastructure for Land Development in Suburban and Rural
Areas,
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) document 1144: Standard for Reducing Structure Ignition Hazards from Wildland fire, and
Criteria which delineate when and how new subdivisions will be required to install diptanks.
Improvements to old plantation irrigation system $30M Received partial FEMA funding
tunnels and ditches: Lower Hamakua Ditch System
Renovations/improvements to old plantation $3M Proposed Project
irrigation system tunnels and ditches: Kau Sugar
System Reactivation
Improvements to old plantation irrigation system $26M Proposed Project
tunnels and ditches and new Kauahi reservoir:
Waimea
Improvements to the Kohala Ditch Irrigation Proposed Project
;
Aqueductold plantation irrigation transmission
system: Ditch lining and/or closed piping work still
needs to be done
Renovate and Reactivate old abandoned plantation $2.5M Proposed Project
wells in Pahala
Renovate and Reativate old Hamakua $100,000 Proposed Project
Slaughterhouse well for non-potable agricultural
use in Honokaa/Hamakua
Construct new wells, surface water diversions, Investigation
storage and transmission lines in priority areas
Irrigating wisely: Promote better irrigation practices $100,000 Proposed Project
and water management.
Agricultural Water System for Kona, Honomalino: $25M In planning
Provide a reliable source of water for agriculture
and fire-fighting assistance.
Project Description Status
Project to incorporate landslide risk loss estimation into A URS approach involved the interactions of three Under Development with completion in
HAZUS. Earthquake analysis would identify slope failure primary slope hazard input criteria simplified to low, 2009; but needs further calibration and
regions. medium and high hazard susceptibility. Three criteria: validation
topography, geology, moisture content
CHAPTER 20 - PLAN UPDATE PROCEDURES
20.1 Plan Update Procedures
NOTESONFEMAFUNDINGPROJECTS:
CHAPTER 21 - REFERENCES
CHAPTER 22 - GLOSSARY
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