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Home My WebLink AboutHawaii Analysis of Impediments Nov 2016 Text S TATE OF H AWAII ANALYSIS OF IMPEDIMENTS TO FAIR HOUSING CHOICE WITH A FOCUS ON PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES November 2016 Prepared by the Center on Disability Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa for: Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Authority State of Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Home Lands State of Hawaii Department of Human Services (BESSD) Hawaii Public Housing Authority City and County of Honolulu Department of Community Services Hawaii County Office of Housing and Community Development Kauai County Housing Agency Maui County Department of Housing and Human Concerns This Analysis of Impediments was prepared by the Center on Disability Studies at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The study team was comprised of: David W. Leake, PhD, MPH (Principal Investigator) Heather DeWoody, MEd Sharene Chow, MSW Tammy Tom, MA, MS Eran Kong, PhD Document Accessibility for People with Disabilities We make every effort to ensure that our documents are accessible to people with disabilities. Alternative accessible formats of this report will be provided upon request. Please contact David Leake by email at leake@hawaii.edu or telephone at 808-956-0820. ź ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of this report was made possible by numerous individuals whose contributions are gratefully acknowledged. Particularly appreciated is the support provided by Lisa Wond (Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation), Steven Franco (Kauai County Housing Agency), and JoAnn Yuen (Center on Disability Studies) in developing and implementing the Memorandum of Agreement for the study. The State of Hawaii Fair Housing Workgroup (members listed below) provided guidance on conducting the study and most of its members contributed directly by participating in focus groups or individual interviews as well as identifying other key organizations and individuals to consult. Additional agencies and organizations consulted are listed in Appendix B. Special thanks are also due to the 15 people with disabilities who stepped forward to participate Essential administrative support and transcribing of audiorecorded interviews was provided by Aloha Andaya-Caitano, Kristen Wong, and Melodi Diener. State of Hawaii Fair Housing Workgroup Alan Rudo, County of Hawaii, Office of Housing and Community Development Carol Chung-Yokoyama, City and County of Honolulu, Section 8 Rental Assistance Program Carolyn Vierra, Hawaii Civil Rights Commission Elwin Freitas, Legal Aid Society of Hawaii Faafeumalo Guthrie, American Samoa Department of Commerce Howard Lesser, Hawaii Disability Rights Center Jelani Madaraka, US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity John Chang, City and County of Honolulu Keith Ishida, City and County of Honolulu Kiriko Oishi, Hawaii Public Housing Authority Lori Tsuhako, Hawaii Department of Human Services, Benefits, Employment, and Support Services Division, Homeless Programs Office Marcus Kawatachi, Hawaii Civil Rights Commission Niniau Simmons, Department of Hawaiian Homelands Reyna Ramolete, Legal Aid Society of Hawaii Stephen Karel, City and County of Honolulu Steven Franco, Kauai County Housing Agency Veranio Tongson, County of Maui, Housing Division źź ACRONYMS The following common acronyms have been used: ADA Americans with Disabilities Act ADAD Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division (Hawaii Department of Health) ADU Accessory Dwelling Unit ADRC Aging and Disability Resource Center ADRD AMHD - Adult Mental Health Division (Hawaii Department of Health) AMI Area Median Income ANSI American National Standards Institute CAMHD Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division (Hawaii Department of Health) CAPS Certified Aging-in-Place Specialist DCAB Disability Access and Communication Board CDBG Community Development Block Grant DD Division Developmental Disabilities Division (Hawaii Department of Health) ESG Emergency Solutions Grants FHAP Fair Housing Assistance Program FMR Fair Market Rent HCBS Home and Community Based Services HCDA Hawaii Community Development Authority HHFDC Hawaii Housing and Finance Development Corporation HOPE Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere HOPWA Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS HPHA Hawaii Public Housing Authority HUD US Department of Housing and Urban Development ICC International Code Council ID/DD Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities LASH Legal Aid Society of Hawaii LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender LIHTC Low-Income Housing Tax Credit LTSS Long Term Supports and Services NFHA National Fair Housing Alliance PATH Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness PHA Public Housing Authority PSHP Permanent Supportive Housing Programs SSDI Social Security Disability Insurance SSI Supplemental Security Income TOD Transit Oriented Development US United States źźź TABLE OF CONTENTS Study Team and Document Accessibility .................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... ii Acronyms...................................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction and Executive Summary .....................................................................................1 A. Purpose of the Analysis of Impediments ................................................................................1 B. Who Conducted the Study ......................................................................................................2 C. How the Study Was Funded ...................................................................................................2 D. Methodology Used .................................................................................................................3 E. Conclusions .............................................................................................................................4 1.Impediments Found............................................................................................................4 2. Actions to Address Impediments ........................................................................................5 II. Jurisdictional Background Data............................................................................................11 A. Demographic Data ................................................................................................................11 B. Income Data ..........................................................................................................................20 C. Employment Data .................................................................................................................22 D. Housing Profile .....................................................................................................................24 1. Housing Market Impacts of the Military, Tourism, and Out-of-State Investors ..............29 a. Housing Market Impacts of Military Personnel ...........................................................29 b. Housing Market Impacts of Tourists ............................................................................30 c. Housing Market Impacts of Home Buyers from Outside Hawaii ................................31 2. Future Housing Needs.......................................................................................................34 3. Housing Affordability .......................................................................................................36 a. Overview of Housing Affordability..............................................................................36 b. Projections of Future Housing Needs ...........................................................................38 c. Strategies to Increase the Stock of Affordable Housing ...............................................39 4. Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) .................................................................................42 5. Public Housing Stock ........................................................................................................42 6. Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) Program .......................................................42 7. Disability-specific Housing Support Programs ................................................................44 8. Housing for Seniors and Frail Elders ................................................................................45 9. Olmstead Decision and Community Housing for People with Significant Disabilities ...46 a. People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities .............................................48 b. People with Psychiatric Disabilities and/or Substance Use Disorders .........................50 ..........................................50 10. People Housed in Institutions .........................................................................................52 źǝ E.Other Relevant Data: Homelessnessand Transportation Challenges....................................54 1. The Homeless Population .................................................................................................54 2. Transportation Challenges for People with Disabilities ...................................................57 III. Evaluation of Current Fair Housing Legal Status .............................................................59 A. Fair Housing Complaints or Compliance Reviews ................................................................59 1. Overview of Fair Housing Complaints .............................................................................59 2. Fair Housing Complaints for Which Disability Was the Primary Basis ..........................63 3. Fair Housing Testing.........................................................................................................66 B. Fair Housing Discrimination Suits .........................................................................................67 C. Reasons for Any Trends or Patterns .......................................................................................68 D. Discussion of Other Fair Housing Concerns or Problems .....................................................69 1. Requests for Housing Modifications and Accommodations............................................69 2. Service Animals ................................................................................................................70 IV. Identification of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice......................................................72 A. Public Sector..........................................................................................................................72 1. Zoning and Site Selection ................................................................................................72 a. Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) .............................................................................72 b. Disallowance of Multiple Kitchens in House Design ..................................................73 ................73 2. Neighborhood Revitalization, Municipal and Other Services, Employment-Housing- Transportation Linkage ................................................................................................75 a. Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project .......................................................75 b. Kakaako Community Development District ................................................................76 c. Affordable Housing Requirements ...............................................................................77 d. LEED for Neighborhood Development........................................................................79 e. Aging-in-Place and Livable or Age-Friendly Communities ........................................80 f. HUD Programs to Deconcentrate Public Housing ........................................................82 3. PHA and Other Assisted/Insured Housing Provider Tenant Selection Procedures; Housing Choices for Certificate and Voucher Holders ...............................................83 a. Public Housing Tenant Selection Procedures ...............................................................83 b. Housing Choices for Certificate and Voucher Holders ................................................83 4. Sale of Subsidized Housing and Possible Displacement ..................................................84 5. Property Tax Policies ........................................................................................................84 6. Planning and Zoning Boards .............................................................................................84 7. Building Codes (Accessibility) ........................................................................................85 a. Accessibility Requirements ..........................................................................................85 b. Standards for Accessible Housing ................................................................................86 c. Universal Design ..........................................................................................................87 B. Private Sector Lending Policies and Practices .......................................................................87 ǝ C. Public and Private Sector .......................................................................................................88 1. Fair Housing Enforcement ................................................................................................88 2. Informational Programs ....................................................................................................88 a. Fair Housing Information Resources and Educational Events .....................................88 b. Information about Long-term Services and Supports ..................................................89 3. Visitability in Housing ......................................................................................................90 a. Overview of Visitability ...............................................................................................90 b. Status of Visitability in Hawaii ....................................................................................92 D.Actions to Remedy Discriminatory Conditions.....................................................................93 V. Assessment of Current Public and Private Fair Housing Programs and Activities .........94 1. Interview Responses of People with Disabilities ..............................................................94 a. Experiences of Discrimination .....................................................................................94 b. Submission of Fair Housing Complaints ......................................................................95 c. Accessibility for Wheelchair Users ..............................................................................95 d. Affordable Housing ......................................................................................................95 e. Recommendations of People with Disabilities .............................................................96 2. Interview Responses of Personnel ....................................................................................96 a. What Kinds of Housing Discrimination Do People with Disabilities Often Face? ......96 b. How Are People with Disabilities Affected by the Issue of Affordable Housing? ......97 c. How Well Are Needs for Accessible Housing Being Met? ........................................98 d. What Assistance Animal Issues Are Often Faced by People with Disabilities? ..........98 e. Can People with Disabilities Get the Reasonable Accommodations They Need? ......99 f. What Housing Barriers Are Likely for People with Psychiatric Disabilities? .............99 g. Most Critical Needs to Further Fair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities? ..100 VI. Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................................102 1. Impediments to Fair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities ...............................102 2. Recommendations to Further Fair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities ...........102 a. Impediment: Lack of Awareness of Fair Housing Laws and Resources ....................103 b. Impediment: Severe Shortage of Affordable Accessible or Visitable Housing .........105 c. Impediment: Lack Attitudes, Skills, Knowledge to Serve People with Disabilities ..108 d. Impediment: Service Systems Are Not Well-Coordinated ........................................109 e. Impediment: Many with Serious Cognitive Disabilities Face Added Barriers ..........110 3. Action Plan to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities .................................................................................................................111 a. Goal 1: Enhance Public Awareness of Fair Housing..................................................112 b. Goal 2: Increase the Availability of Affordable and Accessible or Visitable Housing ...................................................................................................................112 c. Goal 3: Enhance Housing Options for People with Serious Cognitive Disabilities ...116 d. Responsibilities for Action Steps ...............................................................................116 VII. References ...........................................................................................................................117 ǝź APPENDICES Appendix A Additional State and County Data ...................................................................134 1. State of Hawaii Affordable Housing Inventory .................................................................134 2. Multifamily Inventory of Units for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities in Hawaii ....134 Appendix B Agencies Contacted............................................................................................159 Appendix C Study Materials Approved by University of Hawaii at Manoa IRB ............160 1. Approval of Proposed Fair Housing Study by UH Human Studies Program ....................161 2. Brochure on Fair Housing Study for People with Disabilities ..........................................163 3. Script for Use by Agency Personnel Assisting in Recruiting People with Disabilities .....164 4. Consent to Participate in Research Study by People with Disabilities ..............................165 5. Fair Housing Study Interview Questions for People with Disabilities ..............................167 6. Oral Informed Consent for Housing Personnel to Participate in Research Study .............168 7. Fair Housing Study Interview Questions for Housing Personnel ......................................169 Appendix D Housing Resources for People with Disabilities at Hawaii ADRC Website ...170 Appendix E Fair Housing Complaints with Disability as Primary Basis ..........................177 1. Department of Justice Explanation of Housing Discrimination Based on Disability ........178 2. Complaint Alleging HPHA Does Not Meet Percent Accessible Units Requirement ........180 Appendix F Federal Notices, Memoranda, and Statements Related to Fair Housing .....184 1. Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Disorder and Environmental Illness as Handicaps ...........185 2. Non-Discrimination and Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities ................................205 3. Reasonable Modifications under the Fair Housing Act .....................................................229 4. ADA 2010 Revised Requirements: Service Animals (US Department of Justice) ..........247 5. New ADA Regulations and Assistance Animals as Reasonable (HUD) ..........................250 6. Promotion of Integrated Pest Management to Address a Major Resident Concern ..........253 7. The Role of Housing in Accomplishing the Goals of Olmstead 2013 ..............................258 8. Accessibility Requirements for Covered Multifamily Dwellings .....................................269 Appendix G Notes Receivable for Sale of Kuhio Park Terrace Towers ............................294 Appendix H Visitability ..........................................................................................................296 1. Letter from Pima County Chief Building Official on Benefits of Visitability Mandate...297 2. Resolution 28 Passed by 2005 US Conference of Mayors in Support of Visitability .......298 2. Expanding Implementation of Universal Design and Visitability(AARP Fact Sheet) ....299 ǝźź LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Number of State Population, 1900-2010 ...12 Table 2. -2014 .................................14 Table 3. Percentage of People with Disabilities by Age Group for United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties ...........................................................................................................14 Table 4. Number and Percentage of People with Disabilities by Age and Sex for United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties ..............................................................................................16 Table 5. Number and Percentage of People with Disabilities by Ethnic/Racial Heritage for United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties ............................................................................18 Table 6. Rough Estimates of Numbers and Percent of Total Population of Special Needs Subgroups in State of Hawaii and Its Counties, 2011 .............................................................19 Table 7. Total Median Earnings for Last 12 Months of People with and without Disabilities in the United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties, by Sex..............................................20 Table 8. Poverty Rates for People with and without Disabilities in the United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties ...........................................................................................................21 Table 9. Monthly Expenditures Needed by a Family of Four for a Modest Lifestyle ..................22 Table 10. Number and Percent of Individuals with and without Disabilities in the Labor Force, Employed, and Unemployed for United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties ............23 Table 11. Increase in Housing Units for State of Hawaii and Its Counties, 2000-2015...............25 Table 12. Hawaii Housing Stock Characteristics, by County, Average over Period 2009-2013..26 Table 13. Hawaii Housing Stock Unit Numbers and Occupancy, by County, 2010 ....................28 Table 14. Accommodations of Visitors to Hawaii, 2014 ..............................................................30 Table 15. Number of Individually Advertised Vacation Rental Units in 2014, by Island ............31 Table 16. Out-of-State Ownership of Housing Units in Hawaii, 2010.........................................32 Table 17. Average Housing Unit Sale Price, by County and Location of Buyer, 2008-2015 ......32 Table 18. Projected Growth in Population and Need for New Housing Units, 2015 to 2025 ......34 Table 19. Fair Market Monthly Rents at the 40th Percentile Rent Level for 2016, by County ....36 Table 20. Affordability Indicators for Different Area Median Income Categories, 2014 ............37 Table 21. Housing Affordability for People Receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 2014..........................................................................................................................................37 Table 22. Housing Problems for Households with Members with Mobility and Self-care Limitations, by Percent of Area Median Income, 2009-2013 .................................................38 Table 23. Projected Housing Need from 2014 to 2020 for State of Hawaii and Its Counties, by Percent of Area Median Income ..............................................................................................39 Table 24. Number of Affordable Housing Units by Unit Type, Management, and County, August 2015 .............................................................................................................................43 Table 25. Number of Affordable Housing Developments and Units Funded through the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), Section 202, Section 515, and Section 811, by County ......................................................................................................................................45 ǝźźź Table 26.Change in Number and Percent of Medicaid Recipients Receiving Long-term Services and Supports Who Reside in Community-based Settings versus Institutions in Hawaii, 2009- 2013..........................................................................................................................................48 Table 27. Institutionalized Population, by Type of Institution and County, 2010 ........................53 Table 28. Homeless Population Estimates Based on Point-in-Time Count (January 2015) and Analysis of Use of Homeless Services (July 1, 2014June 30, 2015), by County ..................55 Table 29. Homeless Adults Identified with Serious Disabling Conditions by Hawaii Point-in- Time Count, January 2015 .......................................................................................................56 Table 30. Reasons for HUD-HCRC Case Closure, by Primary Basis of Fair Housing Complaint, 2001 through April 2016 ..........................................................................................................61 Table 31. HUD-HCRC Fair Housing Complaints with Different Disability Basis Combinations, 2005-2015................................................................................................................................64 Table 32. Fair Housing Infraction Testing for the Disability Protected Class by Legal Aid Society of Hawaii during 2015 ................................................................................................67 Table 33. Current and Proposed Affordable Housing Requirements for Honolulu County .........77 Table 34. Recommendations for Raising Public Awareness ......................................................104 Table 35. Recommendations for Accessible Information Resources .........................................104 Table 36. Recommendations for Educational Activities .............................................................105 Table 37. Recommendations to Increase the Stock of Accessible and Visitable Housing .........106 Table 38. Recommendations to Enhance Options and Supports for Aging-in-Place .................107 Table 39. Recommendations to Increase Homeownership by People with Disabilities .............108 Table 40. Recommendations for Workforce Enhancement ........................................................109 Table 41. Recommendations to Improve Service Systems .........................................................109 Table 42. Recommendations Specific to High-need Subpopulations .........................................110 Table 43. Five-year Action Plan to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities .............................................................................................................................115 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of the State of Hawaii ............................................................................................11 Figure 2. Growth in Populations of Counties Relative to Each Other, 1900-2010.......................12 Figure 3. -2013 ......................................13 Figure 4. Average Household Size ...............................................................................................13 Figure 5. Percent of Population with Disabilities in the Counties of Hawaii ...............................15 Figure 6. Population of Hawaii and Number of Housing Units, 1950-2015 ................................25 Figure 7. Housing Unit Vacancy Rates by County .......................................................................27 Figure 8. Homeownership, Rental Vacancy, and Owner Vacancy Rates for Hawaii, 1998- 2014..........................................................................................................................................29 Figure 9. Number Housing Units Sold to Local, Other US, and Foreign Buyers, 2008-2015.....33 Figure 10. Changes in Age Structure of Hawaii Resident Population, 1980 Projected to 2040 ...35 źǣ Figure 11.Types of Residence for People Served by the Developmental Disabilities Division in Hawaii, by Age (N = 405)........................................................................................................49 Figure 12. Average Number of Days to Close HUD-HCRC Fair Housing Complaints, by Primary Basis, 2001-2015 ........................................................................................................62 Figure 13. Average Number of Days to Close Fair Housing Complaint, by Year Submitted and Disability Primary Basis versus All Bases, 2001-2014 ...........................................................62 Figure 14. Top 10 Reasons for Filing Disability-based Fair Housing Complaints with HUD- HCRC, 2005-2015 (N = 200)...................................................................................................63 Figure 15. Percent of Fair Housing Complaints for Which Primary Basis Was Disability versus Other Than Disability, by Year and Whether Processed by LASH or HUD-HCRC, 2005- 2015..........................................................................................................................................64 Figure 16.Primary Bases for Fair Housing Complaints to HUD-HCRC, 2001-20015................65 Figure 17. Number of Fair Housing Complaints for Which Disability Was the Primary Basis, over the Periods 2001-2015 for HUD-HCRC and 2014-2015 for LASH, by County .............66 ǣ A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 1 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 2 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 3 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES I.E.1. Impediments Found Page 4 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES I.E.2. Actions to Address Impediments 1 many people are affected by that bring similar challenges and possible needs for continuous care. Page 5 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 6 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 7 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 8 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Five-year Action Plan to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities Action Steps Timeline Milestones/Outcomes GOAL 1: Enhance Public Awareness of Fair Housing Continue to publicize and conduct fair housing Ongoing A greater proportion of workshops and seminars the population is aware of fair housing issues Ensure the topics of affordable housing and fair Within Housing information, housing choice are fully addressed within the No Year 1 resources, applications, Wrong Door Network and all ADRCs and counseling available in one-stop-shops Publicize and promote the existence of, and Ongoing ADRCs are widely known n and used as one-stop- the No Wrong Door Network shops for housing-related services GOAL 2: Increase the Availability of Affordable Housing that Is Accessible or Visitable Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate By end of Enhanced accessibility at for the addition or upgrading of accessibility Year 2 the housing unit and requirements in major neighborhood and housing community levels development projects Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate By end of More seniors are able to for a visitability requirement for ALL new housing Year 5 age-in-place and more construction (with the exception of ADUs and ohana people with disabilities units) have accessible housing Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate By the end More seniors are able to for ways to incentivize visitability as a valuable of Year 3 age-in-place and more feature in ADUs and ohana units people with disabilities have accessible housing Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate By the end More seniors are able to for Increased funding to help lower income of Year 3 age-in-place and more homeowners cover costs of modifications and people with disabilities renovations to make their homes more accessible have accessible housing GOAL 3: Enhance Housing Options for People with Severe Mobility and Cognitive Impairments Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate Ongoing Seniors and people with for actions to ensure the paraprofessional caretaking severe disabilities have workforce is sufficient to meet growing needs for access to in-home and in- long-term services and supports (LTSS) and Home and facility services Community-based Services (HCBS) Collaborate with public and private providers of Ongoing More people with services to people with the most severe disabilities to psychiatric disabilities, support their access to appropriate housing , and ID/DD are well housed Page 9 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 10 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 1. Map of the State of Hawaii 2 A fifth county, Kalawao County, consists of an isolated peninsula of Molokai Island where the Kalaupapa Settlement 1866 to 1969. It is still administered by the Hawaii Department of Health and has about 100 residents, who for the purposes of this report are included with Maui County. 3 Public domain map from Wikimedia Commonsat https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hawaii_Map.jpg. Page 11 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 1. Number of Residents by County and -2010 Honolulu County Hawaii County Kauai County Maui County Census State Year#%#%#%#%Total 1900 58,504 38.0% 46,843 30.4% 20,734 13.5% 27,920 18.1% 154,001 1910 81,993 42.7% 55,382 28.9% 23,952 12.5% 30,547 15.9% 191,874 1920 123,496 48.3% 64,895 25.4% 29,438 11.5% 38,052 14.9% 255,881 1930 202,887 55.1% 73,325 19.9% 35,942 9.8% 56,146 15.2% 368,300 1940 257,696 61.0% 73,276 17.3% 35,818 8.5% 55,980 13.2% 422,770 1950 353,020 70.6% 68,350 13.7% 29,905 6.0% 48,519 9.7% 499,794 1960 500,409 79.1% 61,332 9.7% 28,176 4.5% 42,855 6.8% 632,772 1970 630,528 81.9% 63,468 8.2% 29,761 3.9% 46,156 6.0% 769,913 1980 762,565 79.0% 92,053 9.5% 39,082 4.1% 70,991 7.4% 964,691 1990 836,231 75.5% 120,317 10.9% 51,177 4.6% 100,504 9.1% 1,108,229 2000 876,156 72.3% 148,677 12.3% 58,463 4.8% 128,241 10.6% 1,211,537 2010 953,207 70.1% 185,079 13.6% 67,091 4.9% 154,924 11.4% 1,360,301 2015 998,714 69.8% 196,428 13.7% 71,735 5.0% 164,726 11.5% 1,431,603 Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2016a, Table 1) Figure 2. Growth in Populations of Counties Relative to Each Other, 1900-2010 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 Population 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 190019101920193019401950196019701980199020002010 Honolulu CountyHawaii CountyKauai CountyMaui County Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015b, Table 1.01) Page 12 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 3. and Number of Households, 1993-2013 1,500,000 1,400,000 1,300,000 1,200,000 1,100,000 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 Number Households or State Population 100,000 0 199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013 HouseholdsPopulation Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015a, Table A1, page 32) Figure 4. Average Household Size in Hawaii, 1993-2013 3.5 3.123.12 3.13.1 3.08 3.06 3.03 3.013.01 2.97 2.96 2.92 2.912.91 2.89 2.882.88 2.872.87 2.84 2.82 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 Average Household Size 0.5 0 0.0 199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013 Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015a, Table A1, page 32) Page 13 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 2. , 2004-2014 Civilian Population Total Resident Armed All Military Not Military Population Forces Civilians Dependents Dependents Year # % # % # % # % # % 1,273,569 34,370 1,239,199 48,883 1,190,316 100% 2.7% 97.3% 3.8% 93.5% 2004 1,346,717 37,527 1,309,190 57,595 1,251,595 100% 2.8% 97.2% 4.3% 92.9% 2009 1,419,561 47,213 1,372,348 63,228 1,309,120 100% 3.3% 96.7% 4.5% 92.2% 2014 Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015b, Table 1.03) Table 3. Percentage of People with Disabilities by Age Group for United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties United State of Hawaii Honolulu Kauai Maui Age Group States Hawaii County County County County Total Population 309,082,258 1,340,207 188,166 926,743 67,927 157,371 (% with Disability) (12.3%) (11.1%) (13.3%) (10.6%) (11.9%) (10.6%) Under 18 Years 73,636,556 306,259 42,334 212,474 15,434 36,017 (% with Disability) (4.1%) (3.2%) (3.3%) (3.2%) (3.7%) (2.9%) 18 - 64 Years 193,574,369 826,777 115,949 569,717 41,605 99,506 (% with Disability) (10.2%) (8.0%) (10.3%) (7.5%) (8.1%) (8.2%) Over 64 Years 41,871,333 207,171 29,883 144,552 10,888 21,848 (% with Disability) (36.3%) (34.9%) (39.0%) (33.8%) (38.3%) (34.3%) Source: US Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Page 14 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 5. Percent of Population with Disabilities in the Counties of Hawaii Source: US Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates; map created by University of Hawaii Center on Disability Studies 4 See http://www.americashealthrankings.org/. Page 15 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 4. Number and Percentage of People with Disabilities by Age and Sex for United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties United State of Hawaii Honolulu Kauai Maui States Hawaii County County County County Disability Status, Sex, Age Total Population 309,082,258 1,340,207 188,166 926,743 67,927 157,371 With disability 37,874,571 148,126 24,971 98,402 8,102 16,643 (% of total population) (12.3%) (11.1%) (13.3%) (10.6%) (11.93%) (10.6%) Males 150,888,088 657,992 94,086 451,110 34,038 78,730 (% of total population)(48.8%)(49.1%)(50.0%)(48.7%)(50.1%)(50.1%) Males without disability 132,696,002 584,380 80,537 403,405 29,880 70,534 (% of total population) (42.9%) (43.6%) (42.8%) (43.5%) (44.0%) (44.8%) Males with disability 18,192,08673,612 13,549 47,705 4,158 8,196 (% of total population) (5.9%) (5.5%) (7.2%) (5.2%) (6.1%) (5.2%) (% of males) (12.1%) (11.2%) (14.4%) (10.6%) (12.2%) (10.4%) Females 158,194,170 682,215 94,080 475,633 33,889 78,576 (% of total population) (51.2%) (50.9%) (50.0%) (51.3% (49.9%) (50.0%) Females without disability138,511,685 607,701 82,658 424,936 29,945 70,129 (% of total population) (44.8%) (45.3%) (43.93%) (45.9%) (44.1%) (44.6%) Females with disability19,682,48574,514 11,422 50,697 3,944 8,447 (% of total population) (6.4%) (5.6%) (6.1%) (5.5%) (5.8%) (5.4%) (% of females) (12.4%) (11.0%) (12.1%) (10.7%) (11.6%) (10.8%) Males under 5 years 10,204,565 46,135 6,057 32,560 2,325 5,193 (% of total population) (3.3%) (3.4%) (3.2%) (3.5%) (3.4%) (3.3%) With disability 88,086 166 54 74 20 18 (% of under 5 males) (%) ( () () () Males 5 to 17 years 27,405,950 110,873 15,683 76,260 5,729 13,201 (% of total population) (8.9%) (8.3%) (8.3%) (8.2%) (8.4%) (8.4%) With disability 1,784,790 6,036 831 4,086 382 737 (% of 5-17 males) (6.5%) (5.4%) (5.3%) (5.4%) (6.7%) (5.6%) Males 18 to 34 years 35,574,328 148,649 19,645 105,260 6,894 16,841 (% of total population) (11.5%) (11.1%) (10.4%) (11.4%) (10.2%) (10.7%) With disability 2,205,944 8,229 1,669 5,255 387 918 (% of 18-34 males) (6.2%) (5.5%) (8.5%) (5.0%) (5.6%) (5.5%) Males 35 to 64 years 59,293,451 259,797 38,395 173,823 14,102 33,460 (% of total population) (19.2%) (19.4%) (20.4%) (18.8%) (20.8%) (21.3%) With disability 7,633,975 27,634 5,232 17,769 1,341 3,288 (% of 35-64 males) (12.9%) (10.6%) (13.6%) (10.2%) (9.5%) (9.8%) Males 65 to 74 years 11,065,355 54,233 9,075 35,712 3,085 6,359 (% of total population) (3.6%) (4.1%) (4.1%) (3.9%) (4.5%) (4.0%) With disability 2,932,519 12,410 2,597 7,614 870 1,329 (% of 65-74 males) (26.5%) (22.9%) (28.6%) (21.3%) (28.2%) (20.9%) Males over 74 years 7,344,439 38,305 5,231 27,495 1,903 3,676 (% of total population) (2.4%) (2.9%) (2.8%) (3.0%) (2.8%) (2.3%) With disability 3,546,772 19,137 3,166 12,907 1,158 1,906 (% of over 74 males) (48.3%) (50.0%) (60.5%) (46.9%) (60.9%) (51.8%) Page 16 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES United State of Hawaii Honolulu Kauai Maui States Hawaii County County County County Disability Status, Sex, Age Females under 5 years 9,766,960 43,963 5,837 31,126 2,114 4,885 (% of total population) (3.2%) (3.3%) (3.1%) (3.4%) (3.1%) (3.1%) With disability 73,179 187 23 160 0 4 (% of under 5 females) (0.7%) (0.4%) (0.4%) (0.5%) (0.0%) (0.1%) Females 5 to 17 years 26,259,081 105,288 14,757 72,528 5,266 12,737 (% of total population) (8.5%) (7.9%) (7.8%) (7.8%) (7.8%) (8.1%) With disability 1,045,318 3,401 505 2,452 170 274 (% of 5-17 females) (4.0%) (3.2%) (3.4%) (3.4%) (3.2%) (2.2%) Females 18 to 34 years 36,039,704 151,065 19,119 109,587 6,416 15,932 (% of total population) (11.7%) (11.3%) (10.2%) (11.8%) (9.5%) (10.1%) With disability 1,866,713 5,995 969 4,176 213 637 (% of 18-34 females) (5.2%) (4.0%) (5.1%) (3.8%) (3.3%) (4.0%) Females 35 to 64 years 62,666,886 267,266 38,790 181,047 14,193 33,226 (% of total population) (20.3%) (19.9%) (20.6%) (19.5%) (20.9%) (21.1%) With disability 7,996,429 24,258 4,021 15,532 1,416 3,289 (% of 35-64 females) (12.8%) (9.1%) (10.4%) (8.6%) (10.0%) (9.9%) Females 65 to 74 years 12,666,003 58,678 8,725 40,100 3,187 6,658 (% of total population) (4.1%) (4.4%) (4.6%) (4.3%) (4.7%) (4.2%) With disability 3,115,772 11,766 2,078 7,657 720 1,311 (% of 65-74 females) (24.6%) (20.1%) (23.8%) (19.1%) (22.6%) (19.7%) Females over 74 years 10,795,536 55,955 6,852 41,245 2,713 5,138 (% of total population) (3.5%) (4.2%) (3.6%) (4.5%) (4.0%) (3.3%) With disability 5,585,074 28,907 3,826 20,720 1,425 2,932 (% of over 74 females) (51.7%) (51.7%) (55.8%) (50.2%) (52.5%) (57.1%) Source: US Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Page 17 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 5. Number and Percentage of People with Disabilitiesby Ethnic/Racial Heritage for United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties United State of Hawaii Honolulu Kauai Maui States Hawaii County County County County Ethnic/Racial Group Total Population 309,082,258 1,340,207 188,166 926,743 67,927 157,371 With disability 37,874,571 148,126 24,971 98,402 8,102 16,643 (% of total) (12.25%) (11.05%) (13.27%) (10.62%) (11.93%) (10.58%) White 228,624,830 320,660 62,492 180,936 22,817 54,415 (% of total population) With disability 28,975,110 38,543 10,142 19,456 2,813 (% of total population) (9.37%)(2.88%) (5.39%) (2.10%)(4.14%)(3.90%) (% of White) (12.67%) Black 38,271,664 21,012 1,302 18,407 433 (% of total population) With disability 5,294,368 1,960 303 1,439 87 (% of total population) (1.71%)(0.15%) (0.16%) (0.16%)(0.13%)(0.08%) (% of Black) Asian 15,629,424 523,606 41,541 415,796 24,039 (% of total) With disability 1,029,256 62,155 5,747 47,902 3,402 (% of total population) (0.33%)(4.64%) (3.05%) (5.17%) (5.01%)(3.24%) (% of Asian) American Indian- Alaska Native (AI-AN) 2,502,365 2,310 563 1,357 146 (% of total population) With Disability408,497 450 124 234 33 (% of total population) (0.13%)(0.03%) (0.07%) (0.03%) (0.05%)(0.04%) (% of AI-AN) Native Hawaiian- Pacific Islander (NH-PI) 522,501 136,443 23,856 89,573 6,588 (% of total population) (% of total population) Other Ethnicity/Race 14,557,838 13,468 4,315 7,506 389 (% of total population) With disability 1,132,429 1,153 291 652 64 (% of total population) (0.37%)(0.09%) (0.15%) (0.07%) (0.09%)(0.09%) (% of other) Heritage Two or More Ethnic/Racial Groups 8,973,636 322,708 54,097 213,168 13,515 (% of total population) With disability 983,216 29,166 5,368 19,004 1,061 (% of two or more) Source: US Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Page 18 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 6. Rough Estimates of Numbers and Percent of Total Population of Special Needs Subgroups in State of Hawaii and Its Counties, 2011 State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Hawaii County County County County 2010 Census 1,340,207 953,207 185,079 67,091 154,924 Special Needs % % % % % # # # # # Subgroup Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Pop. Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate 18.8% 16.3% Seniors 247,678 18.2% 169,361 17.8% 34,368 18.6% 12,594 25,328 Frail Elderly 8,396 0.6% 5,281 0.6% 1,674 0.9% 725 1.1% 1,021 0.7% Exiting Offender 1,963 0.1% 1,376 0.1% 267 0.1% 97 0.1% 223 0.1% Alcohol/Drug 136,302 10.0% 98,848 10.4% 17,749 9.6% 5,884 8.8% 12,108 7.8% Addictions 10.9% With Disabilities 130,435 9.6% 87,950 9.2% 22,004 11.9% 7,295 13,186 8.5% With Developmental 2,426 0.2% 1,700 0.2% 330 0.2% 120 0.2% 276 0.2% Disabilities With HIV/AIDS 2,317 0.2% 1,624 0.2% 315 0.2% 115 0.2% 264 0.2% With Severe Mental 32,000 2.4% 47,660 5.0% 9,254 5.0% 3,355 5.0% 7,742 5.0% Illness Victims of Domestic Not Not Not Not Not Not 575 0.0% 1,078 0.6% known known known known known known Violence Youth Exiting Foster <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% <0.1% 150 0.0% 128 20 7 17 Care Source: SMS Research and Marketing Services (2011a) and US Census Bureau, 2010 Census Page 19 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 7. Total Median Earnings for Last 12 Months of People with and without Disabilities in the United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties, by Sex United State of Hawaii Honolulu Kauai Maui States HawaiiCounty County County County d Disability Status, Sex Median earnings last 12 months $30,880 $32,724 $27,381 $34,567 $31,539 $31,616 People without Disability $31,425 $33,239 $28,341 $35,055 $31,570 $31,877 People with Disability $20,815 $23,871 $14,741 $25,989 $30,625 $23,818 (66.2%) (71.8%) (52.0%) (74.1%) (97.0%) (74.7%) Males without Disability $37,136 $38,290 $32,164 $40,592 $33,587 $35,550 Males with Disability $24,595 $26,284 $17,125 $28,370 $35,370 $26,525 (66.2%) (68.6%) (53.2%) (69.9%) (105.3%) (74.6%) Females without Disability $26,179 $29,711 $25,174 $30,686 $30,132 $28,711 Females with Disability $17,172 $21,110 $12,834 $23,302 $24,112 $18,560 without disability) (65.6%) (71.1%) (51.0%) (75.9%) (80.0%) (64.6%) Source: US Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Page 20 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 8. Poverty Rates for People with and without Disabilities in the United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties United State of Hawaii Honolulu Kauai Maui Population Group States Hawaii County County County County Total Population 305,519,742 1,327,119 186,286 916,891 67,544 156,398 (% below poverty line) (15.6%) (11.5%) (19.2%) (10.0%) (11.7%) (11.4%) People with Disabilities 37,709,398 147,778 24,929 98,126 8,095 16,628 (% below poverty line)(22.3%) (17.7%) (24.6%) (16.4%) (17.3%) (15.9%) People without Disabilities 267,810,344 1,179,341 161,357 818,765 59,449 139,770 (% below poverty line)(14.7%) (10.8%) (18.4%) (9.2%) (11.0%) (10.9%) Source: US Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Page 21 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 9.Monthly Expenditures Needed by a Family of Four for a Modest Lifestyle Monthly Expense Honolulu Neighbor Islands Housing $1,820 $1,175 Food $937 $937 Childcare $1,511 $1,261 Transportation $620 $723 Health Care $623 $590 Other necessities $1,332 $1,020 Taxes $999 $671 Monthly Total $7,841 $6,377 Annual Total $94,092 $76,529 Source: Appleseed Center for Law and Economic Justice (2016, page 5) Page 22 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 10. Number and Percent of Individuals with and without Disabilities in the Labor Force, Employed, and Unemployed for United States and State of Hawaii and Its Counties United State of Hawaii Honolulu Kauai Maui Employment Status States Hawaii County County County County Civilian Noninstitutionalized 193,574,369 826,777 115,949 569,717 41,605 Population 18 to 64 years In Labor Force 148,743,241 644,931 83,429 448,099 32,461 (% of noninstitutionalized 18-64) (76.8%) (78.0%) (72.0%) (78.7%) (78.0%) Not in Labor Force 44,831,128 181,846 32,520 121,618 9,144 (% of noninstitutionalized 18-64) (23.2%) (22.0%) (28.0%) (21.3%) (22.0%) Not in Labor Force with Disability 11,583,766 35,996 7,671 22,814 1,760 (% of noninstitutionalized 18-64) ( () () () () (% of total 18-64 population) (8.0%) (10.3%) (7.5%) (8.1%) Λі ƚŅ ЊБΏЏЍ ǞźƷŷ ķźƭğĬźƌźƷǤ ƦƚƦ͵Μ ΛЎЍ͵ЍіΜ ΛЏЍ͵ЎіΜ ΛЎЌ͵ЍіΜ ΛЎЋ͵ЍіΜ (25.8%) (19.8%) (23.6%) (18.8%) (19.3%) Not in Labor Force No Disability 33,247,362 145,850 24,849 98,804 7,384 (% of noninstitutionalized 18-64) () () () () () (% of total 18-64 population) (89.8%) (92.0%) (89.7%) (92.5%) (91.9%) Λі ƚŅ ЊБΏЏЍ Ɠƚ ķźƭğĬźƌźƷǤ ƦƚƦ͵Μ ΛЊВ͵ЊіΜ ΛЊВ͵ЋіΜ ΛЋЌ͵ВіΜ ΛЊБ͵АіΜ ΛЊВ͵ЌіΜ (74.2%) (80.2%) (76.4%) (81.2%) (80.8%) Employed 135,293,448 25,779 75,669 421,572 30,423 (69.9%) (72.8%) (65.3%) (74.0%) (73.1%) ( ( ( ( ( Employed with Disability 6,632,448 25,779 3,429 17,265 1,505 () () () ΛЋБ͵БіΜ ΛЍЉ͵ЍіΜ ΛЍЍ͵БіΜ () (3.9%) (% of employed) ) () () () (5) Employed No Disability 128,661,000 575,916 72,240 404,307 28,918 (% of noninstitutionalized 18-64) ( Λі ƚŅ ЊБΏЏЍ Ɠƚ ķźƭğĬźƌźƷǤ ƦƚƦ͵Μ (% of employed) Unemployed 13,449,793 43,236 7,760 26,527 2,038 () () () () () () () () () () Unemployed with Disability 1,486,847 4,341 791 2,653 92 (% of noninstitutionalized 18-64) () Λі ƚŅ ЊБΏЏЍ ǞźƷŷ ķźƭğĬźƌźƷǤ ƦƚƦ͵Μ ΛА͵ЎіΜ () (% of unemployed) () Unemployed No Disability 11,962,946 38,895 6,969 23,874 1,946 () () () () () Λі ƚŅ ЊБΏЏЍ Ɠƚ ķźƭğĬźƌźƷǤ ƦƚƦ͵Μ ΛЏ͵ВіΜ ΛЎ͵ЊіΜ ΛЏ͵АіΜ ΛЍ͵ЎіΜΛЎ͵ЊіΜ () () () () () (% of unemployed) () () () () () Source: US Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Page 23 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 24 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 11. Increase in Housing Unitsfor State of Hawaii and Its Counties, 2000-2015 State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Hawaii County County County County % of % of % of % of # ## # # YearState State State State 2000 461,646 316,367 68.5% 63,022 13.7% 25,380 5.5% 56,877 12.3% 2005 491,559 327,967 72,511 27,115 63,966 66.7% 14.8% 5.5% 13.0% (% Increase) (6.5%) (3.7%) (15.1%) (6.8%) (12.5%) 2010 519,969 337,032 82,462 29,908 70,567 64.8% 15.9% 5.8% 13.6% (% Increase) (5.8%) (2.8%) (13.7%) (10.3%) (10.3%) 2015 532,455 344,108 86,009 30,503 71,835 64.6% 16.2% 5.7% 13.5% (% Increase) (2.5%) (2.1%) (4.3%) (2.0%) (1.8%) % Increase 15.3% 8.8% 36.5% 20.2%26.3% 2000-2015 Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2016d, Table 21.20) Figure 6. Population of Hawaii and Number of Housing Units, 1950-2015 1,600,000 1,431,603 1,400,000 1,360,301 1,211,537 1,200,000 1,108,229 1,000,000 964,691 800,000 769,913 632,772 600,000 532,455 499,794 519,508 400,000 460,542 Number Housing Units or Population 389,810 334,235 200,000 216,538 165,506 120,606 0 2015 1950196019701980199020002010 Housing UnitsPopulation Source: US Census Bureau (2012, Table 1, page 1); Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2016b) Page 25 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 12. Hawaii Housing Stock Characteristics, by County, Average over Period 2009-2013 State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Housing HawaiiCounty County County County Characteristic % State % State % State % State # # # # # ALL UNITS 522,164 338,266 64.8% 83,337 16.0% 29,972 5.7% 70,589 13.5% Occupied and Vacant Units Occupied 449,771 309,803 68.9% 64,909 14.4% 22,390 5.0% 52,669 11.7% (% of All Units)(86.1%) (91.6%) (78.0%) (74.7%) (74.6%) Vacant 72,393 28,463 39.3% 18,333 25.3% 7,582 10.5% 18,015 24.9% (% of All Units)(13.9%) (8.4%) (22.0%) (25.3%) (25.5%) Units in Structure 1 Unit, Detached 282,085 155,610 55.2% 65,317 23.2% 20,955 7.4% 40,203 14.3% (% of All Units)(54.0%) (46.0%) (78.4%) (69.9%) (57.0%) 1 Unit, Attached 40,183 32,770 81.6% 1,926 4.8% 1,419 3.5% 4,068 10.1% (% of All Units)(7.7%) (9.7%) (2.3%) (4.7%) (5.8%) 2 Units 14,956 8,273 55.3% 1,831 12.2% 1,430 9.6% 3,422 22.9% (% of All Units)(2.9%) (2.4%) (2.2%) (4.8%) (4.8%) 3 or More Units 184,144 141,292 76.7% 13,982 7.6% 6,079 3.3% 22,791 12.4% (% of All Units)(35.3%) (41.8%) (16.8%) (20.3%) (32.3%) Mobile Units*796 321 40.3% 281 35.3% 89 11.2% 105 13.2% (% of All Units)(0.2%) (0.1%) (0.3%) (0.3%) (0.1%) Median # of Rooms 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.1 3.1% % with >1.5/Room 3.0% 3.0% 2.7% 4.0% Age of Structure Built 2010 or Later 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.4% Built 2000 to 2009 13.2% 10.8% 20.7% 12.3% 16.5% Built 1990 to 1999 14.8% 12.8% 18.9% 20.6% 17.0% Built 1940 to 1989 67.7% 72.2% 55.2% 63.1% 63.0% Built Before 1940 3.6% 3.5% 4.6% 3.5% 3.0% Time Period When Householder Moved into Unit Moved in 2010 or Later 17.9% 18.5% 15.1% 16.2% 18.6% Moved in 2000 to 2009 43.2% 42.5% 45.2% 39.7% 46.6% Moved in 1990 to 1999 15.9% 15.1% 18.3% 20.2% 15.8% Moved in Before 1990 23.0% 23.9% 21.4% 23.9% 19.1% Structures Lacking Essential Components Incomplete Plumbing 0.8 0.5% 2.1% 1.7% 1.1% Incomplete Kitchen 1.8 1.6% 2.7% 1.3% 2.3% No Telephone Service 2.4 2.2% 2.2% 4% 3.1% * Mobile units include mobile homes, boats, recreational vehicles, vans, etc. Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015b, Table 21.17) Page 26 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 7. Housing Unit Vacancy Rates by County Source: US Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates; map created by University of Hawaii Center on Disability Studies Page 27 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 13. Hawaii Housing Stock Unit Numbers and Occupancy, by County, 2010 State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Hawaii County County County County % of % of % of % of # # # # # Occupancy Status State State State State ALL HOUSING UNITS 519,508 336,899 64.8% 82,324 15.8% 29,793 5.7% 70,492 13.6% OCCUPIED UNITS 455,338 311,047 68.3% 67,096 14.7% 23,240 5.1%53,955 11.8% Owner-Occupied262,682 174,387 66.4% 44,271 16.9% 13,968 5.3% 30,056 11.4% (% of Occupied Units)(57.7%) (56.1%) (66.0%) (60.1%) (55.7%) Average Household Size3.02 3.11 2.69 2.96 3.02 Family Households198,891 134,249 67.5% 31,369 15.8% 10,754 5.4%22,519 11.3% Husband-Wife Family155,722 104,825 67.3% 24,627 15.8% 8,443 5.4%17,827 11.4% Other Family43,169 29,424 68.2% 6,742 15.6% 2,311 5.4%4,692 10.9% Nonfamily Households63,791 40,138 62.9% 12,902 20.2% 3,214 5.0%7,537 11.8% Renter-Occupied192,656 136,660 70.9% 22,825 11.8% 9,272 4.8% 23,899 12.4% (% of Occupied Units)(42.3%) (43.9%) (34.0%) (39.9%) (44.3%) Average Household Size2.72 2.75 2.73 2.64 2.57 Family Households115,016 83,593 72.7% 13,038 11.3% 5,393 4.7%12,992 11.3% Husband-Wife Family74,354 56,347 75.8% 7,207 9.7% 3,211 4.3%7,589 10.2% Other Family40,662 27,246 67.0% 5,831 14.3% 2,182 5.4%5,403 13.3% Nonfamily Households77,640 53,067 68.4% 9,787 12.6% 3,879 5.0%10,907 14.0% VACANT UNITS 64,170 25,852 40.3% 15,228 23.7% 6,553 10.2% 16,537 25.8% For Rent16,441 8,63352.5% 2,995 18.2% 1,312 8.0%3,501 21.3% Rented, Not Occupied954 625 65.5% 101 10.6% 616.4%167 17.5% For Sale Only4,277 1,94145.4% 1,338 31.3% 251 5.9%747 17.5% Sold, Not Occupied1,151 645 56.0% 289 25.1% 514.4%166 14.4% Short-term*30,079 8,79929.3% 7,135 23.7% 4,172 13.9% 9,973 33.2% All Other Vacant Units11,268 5,20946.2% 3,370 29.9% 706 6.3%1,983 17.6% * Units for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015b, Table 21.16) Page 28 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 8. Homeownership, Rental Vacancy, and Owner Vacancy Rates for Hawaii, 1998-2014 70% Rates 60% 50% 40% Homeownership 30% 20% 10% Housing Vacancy & 0% 19981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014 Homeownership Rate 52.8%56.6%55.2%55.5%57.9%58.3%60.6%59.8%59.9%60.1%59.1%59.5%56.1%55.4%57.2%57.3%58.4% Rental Vacancy Rate6.9%7.6%5.3%8.2%7.3%8.9%7.7%5.1%5.5%6.3%7.2%9.2%8.1%9.4%10.2%10.1%8.3% Owner Vacancy Rate 1.3%1.8%0.9%0.8%0.9%1.2%1.3%0.6%1.0%1.7%1.7%1.9%1.9%2.2%2.3%1.8%1.6% Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015b, Table 21.23) II.D.1. Housing Market Impacts of the Military, Tourism, and Out-of-State Investors Page 29 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 14. Accommodations of Visitors to Hawaii, 2014 Domestic International Total All Visitors 5,473,388 2,710,283 8,183,671 Accommodations Hotel (43,575 Units) 2,995,796 2,202,203 5,197,999 (% of All Visitors) (54.7%) (81.3%) (63.5%) Hotel Only 2,496,876 2,062,386 4,559,262 (% of All Visitors) (45.6%) (76.1%) (55.7%) Condo Hotel (10,560 Units) 1,084,801 355,028 1,439,829 (% of All Visitors) (19.8%) (13.1%) (17.6%) Condo Hotel Only 847,154 273,984 1,121,138 (% of All Visitors) (15.5%) (10.1%) (13.7%) Timeshare (10,647 Units) 651,508 113,334 764,842 (% of All Visitors) (11.9%) (4.2%) (9.3%) Timeshare Only 499,892 86,174 586,066 (% of All Visitors) (9.1%) (3.2%) (7.2%) Rental House 482,784 69,987 552,771 (% of All Visitors) (8.8%) (2.6%) (6.8%) Bed & Breakfast 66,149 15,589 81,738 (% of All Visitors) (1.2%) (0.6%) (1.0%) Cruiseship 112,686 24,393 137,079 (% of All Visitors) (2.1%) (0.9%) (1.7%) Friends, Relatives 632,144 78,320 710,464 (% of All Visitors) (11.5%) (2.9%) (8.7%) Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015b, Table 7.10); Kloninger & Sims Consulting (2016, Figure 2, page 6) Page 30 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 15. Number of Individually Advertised Vacation Rental Units in 2014, by Island Island Hawaii Kauai Lanai Maui Molokai Oahu TOTAL # of Individually 4,986 3,614 22 8,840 365 4,411 22,238 Advertised Units (22.4%) (16.3%) (0.1%) (39.8%) (1.6%) (19.8%) (100%) 6.1% 12.6% 1.4% 13.6% 11.0% 1.4% 4.6% Total Estimated 11,155 7,466 57 15,113 605 9,103 43,499 # of Bedrooms (25.6%) (17.2%) (0.1%) (34.7%) (1.4%) (20.9%) (100%) Estimated # of Visitors Who 28,106 19,481 133 43,877 1,676 24,334 117,607 Could Be Accommodated (23.9%) (16.6%) (0.1%) (37.3%) (1.4%) (20.7%) (100%) Source: SMS Research and Marketing Services, Inc. (2014, Table 1, page 3, and Table 2, page 4) Page 31 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 16.Out-of-State Ownership of Housing Units in Hawaii, 2010 State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Hawaii County County County County Housing Unit Type Total All Housing Units 416,399 265,878 72,738 26,720 53,244 Owner in Other US State (% of All Housing Units) Owner in Other Country (% of All Housing Units) Total Owner Out-of-State 50,767 22,462 12,941 5,744 9,620 (% of All Housing Units) (12.2%) (8.4%) (17.8%) (21.5%) (18.1%) Total Single Family Units 288,343 165,440 60,658 22,703 41,723 Owner in Other US State 20,1646,6686,6362,7284,132 (% of Single Family Units) (7.0%) (4.0%) (10.9%) (12.0%) (9.9%) Owner in Other Country 986 286 367 65268 (% of Single Family Units) (0.3%) (0.2%) (0.6%) (0.3%) (0.6%) Total Owner Out-of-State 21,150 6,954 7,003 2,793 4,400 (% of Single Family Units) (7.3%) (4.2%) (11.5%) (12.3%) (10.5%) Total Condominium Units 128,056 100,438 12,080 4,017 11,521 Owner in Other US State 26,740 13,588 5,578 2,878 4,696 (% of Condominium Units) (20.9%) (13.5%) (46.2%) (71.6%) (40.8%) Owner in Other Country 2,877 1,920 360 73524 (% of Condominium Units) (2.2%) (1.9%) (3.0%) (1.8%) (4.5%) Total Owner Out-of-State 29,617 15,508 5,938 2,951 5,220 (% of Condominium Units) (23.1%) (15.4%) (49.2%) (73.5%) (45.3%) Source: SMS Research & Marketing Services, Inc. (2011b, Table IA-25, page 48) Table 17. Average Sale Price of Housing Units, by County and Location of Buyer, 2008-2015 Average Sale Price of Housing Units Purchased By: Area All Buyers Local Buyers Other US Buyers Foreign Buyers All Housing Units Statewide $521,373 $477,460 $612,770 $786,186 Honolulu County $540,207 $521,441 $593,744 $807,064 Hawaii County $382,533 $276,283 $518,693 $587,759 Kauai County $555,767 $437,109 $707,329 $558,565 Maui County $607,232 $473,505 $708,202 $886,329 Single-family Homes Statewide $622,290 $578,804 $741,119 $1,173,527 Honolulu County $768,989 $732,847 $1,036,363 $1,921,301 Hawaii County $370,078 $276,609 $531,111 $566,080 Kauai County $622,018 $474,538 $902,293 $807,554 Maui County $666,357 $531,587 $892,328 $1,607,872 Condominiums Statewide $431,931 $375,917 $518,593 $698,098 Honolulu County $404,545 $381,701 $426,952 $699,897 Hawaii County $425,282 $274,242 $493,876 $614,042 Kauai County $474,638 $365,903 $560,332 $449,763 Maui County $556,317 $367,152 $625,355 $744,794 Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2016c, Tables A-4, A-6, A-8) Page 32 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 9.Number of Housing Units Sold to Local, Other US, and Foreign Buyers, 2008-2015 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 Number of Housing Units Sold 40,000 20,000 0 State of HawaiiHonolulu CountyHawaii CountyKauai CountyMaui County Foreign Buyers 5,7753,2148961711,494 Other State Buyers 33,68010,34010,7013,0949,545 Local Buyers 104,92775,20215,4443,95610,325 Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2016c) Page 33 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES II.D.2. Future Housing Needs Table 18. Projected Growth in Population and Need for New Housing Units, 2015 to 2025 State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Hawaii County County County County % Population 14% 8% 29% 19% 25% Growth 2015-2025 # New Units 64,693 25,847 19,610 5,287 13,949 Required by 2025 Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015a, page 3) Page 34 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 10. s Resident Population, 1980 Projected to 2040 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% Percent of Populatin by Age Group 30% 20% 10% 0% 1980199020002010202020302040 Elderly 85+ Years 0.6%0.9%1.5%2.3%2.7%3.5%5.5% Elderly 65-84 Years 7.4%10.3%11.9%12.3%16.7%19.5%18.1% Adult 25-64 Years 48.9%52.7%52.9%53.7%49.7%46.1%45.3% Youth 0-24 Years 43.1%36.1%33.8%31.8%30.9%30.9%31.1% Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2012, Table A-7) Page 35 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES II.D.3. HousingAffordability Table 19. Fair Market Monthly Rents (FMRs) at 40th Percentile Rent Level for 2016, by County Efficiency1 2 3 4 Jurisdiction Apartment Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Bedroom Honolulu County $1,334 $1,507 $1,985 $2,893 $3,140 Hawaii County $808 $966 $1,194 $1,576 $2,013 Kauai County $776 $1,007 $1,238 $1,620 $1,910 Maui County $912 $1,016 $1,286 $1,874 $2,058 Source: US Department of Housing and Urban Development (2015a, pages 77142-77143) Page 36 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 20. Affordability Indicators for Different Area Median Income (AMI) Categories, 2014 Affordable and Available Deficit of % with Severe Units per 100 Households Units Housing Cost Burden % of Area Median Income (AMI)* National Hawaii Hawaii National Hawaii At or Below 15% of AMI 17 22 11,765 90% 90% At or Below 30% of AMI 31 36 22,005 75% 71% Between 30% and 50% of AMI 57 40 36% 59% Between 50% and 80% of AMI 96 73 9% 30% * https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il/il14/State_Incomelimits_Report.pdf) was $77,167 for a family of four, with 80% of AMI at $61,733, 50% at $38,583, 30% at $23,150, and 15% at $11,575. Source: National Low Income Housing Coalition (2016, Appendix A) Table 21. Housing Affordability for People Receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI), 2014 SSI Monthly SSI as % of % SSI for % SSI for Statistical Area PaymentMedian Income 1-Bedroom Apt. Studio Apt. Honolulu $721 12.9% 191% 175% Neighbor Islands $721 19.0% 132% 114% Statewide $721 16.0% 173% 156% National $750 20.1% 104% 90% Source: Cooper, et al. (2015, Table 1, page 26) Page 37 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 22. Housing Problems for Households with Members with Mobility and Self-care Limitations, by Percent of Area Median Income, 2009-2013 Renters Owners 62-74 Over 74 62-74 Over 74 Years OldYears Old Years Old Years Old 1-2 Total 1-2 1-2 Total Household 1-2 Member Member All Other Renter Member Member All Other Owner Total % of AMI Households Households Households Households Households Households Households Households Households <=30% 1,980 1,640 5,220 8,840 1,350 584 1,560 3,494 12,334 AMI % with 51.3% 63.4% 80.8% 71.0% 54.4% 81.3% 75.6% 68.4% 70.3% Problems >30% to <=50% 940 690 3,115 4,745 1,570 710 1,670 3,950 8,695 AMI % with 68.6% 70.3% 80.7% 76.8% 27.7% 49.3% 74.3% 51.3% 65.2% Problems >50 to <=80% 750 580 3,600 4,930 1,960 1,125 3,975 7,060 11,990 AMI % with 46.0% 50.0% 65.7% 60.9% 23.5% 41.8% 61.0% 47.5% 53.0% Problems >80% 865 760 5,815 7,440 4,285 3,160 19,870 27,315 34,755 AMI % with 28.9% 15.1% 36.0% 33.1% 10.2% 18.8% 39.3% 32.4% 32.5% Problems TOTAL 4,535 3,670 17,750 25,955 9,165 5,579 27,075 41,819 67,774 Households % with 49.7% 52.6% 63.1% 59.3% 22.5% 33.9% 46.8% 39.7% 47.2% Problems Source: HUD User Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) Data, based on 2009-2013 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (http://socds.huduser.gov/chas/CHAS_java.odb) Page 38 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 23. Projected Housing Need from 2014 to 2020 for State of Hawaii and Its Counties, by Percent of Area Median Income State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Hawaii County County County County % of % of % of % of # # # # # % Area Median Income State State State State 30% or less 8,138 4,076 50.1% 2,355 28.9% 330 4.1%1,377 16.9% 30-50% 7,448 3,808 51.1% 2,017 27.1% 221 3.0%1,402 18.8% 50-60% 4,629 2,415 52.2% 1,003 21.7% 462 10.0% 748 16.2% 60-80% 7,009 3,710 52.9% 1,657 23.6% 312 4.5%1,330 19.0% Affordable Rental Total 27,224 14,00851.5% 7,033 25.8% 1,325 4.9% 4,857 17.8% 80-100% 6,252 3,217 51.5% 1,422 22.7% 526 8.4%1,087 17.4% 100-120% 5,631 2,950 52.4% 1,292 22.9% 433 7.7%956 17.0% 120-140% 4,623 2,448 53.0% 924 20.0% 361 7.8%890 19.3% Affordable For-Sale Total 16,506 8,615 52.2% 3,638 22.0% 1,320 8.0% 2,933 17.8% Over 140% (Market) 20,373 8,573 42.1% 4,041 19.8% 1,555 7.6%6,204 30.5% TOTAL 64,103 31,19748.7% 14,712 22.9% 4,200 6.6% 13,994 21.8% Source: Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation (2015b, page 19) Page 39 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 40 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 41 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES II.D.4. Public HousingAuthorities (PHAs) II.D.5. Public Housing Stock II.D.6. Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) Program Page 42 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table24.Number ofAffordable Housing Units by Unit Type, Management, and County, August 2015 State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Hawaii County County County County # All Projects 324 (100%) 181 (55.9%) 64 (19.8%) 31 (9.6%) 48 (14.8%) # All Units 23,759 (100%) 17,559 (73.9%) 2,666 (11.2%) 1,167 (4.9%) 2,367 (10.0%) HPHA Other HPHA Other HPHA Other HPHAOther HPHA Other Unit Type Managed Managed Managed Managed Managed Managed Managed Managed Managed Managed 7,389 units (31.1%) Elderly # Projects 24 76 12 44 7 14 4 5 1 13 # Units 1,922 5,467 1,548 4,029 228 484 104 20242 752 (% All Units)(8.1%)(23.0%)(6.5%)(17.0%)(1.0%)(2.0%)(0.4%)(0.9%)(0.2%)(3.2%) 15,752 units (66.3%) Family # Projects 59 11431 69 14 16 7 11 7 18 # Units 3,741 12,011 2,733 8,890 497 1,330 243 581268 1,210 (% All Units) (15.7%) (50.6%) (11.5%) (37.4%)(2.1%) (5.6%) (1.0%)(2.4%) (1.1%) (5.1%) 574 units (2.4%) Special Needs # Projects 0 49 0 24 0 12 0 4 0 9 # Units 0 5740 347 0 95 0 37 0 95 (% All Units) (0%) (2.4%) (0%) (1.5%) (0%) (0.4%) (0%) (0.2%) (0%) (0.4%) 44 units (0.2%) Labor/Agric. # Projects 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 # Units 0 44 0 12 0 32 0 0 0 0 (% All Units) (0%) (0%) (0%) (0.1%) (0%) (0.1%) (0%) (0%) (0%) (0%) 83 24143 138 21 43 11 20 8 40 Total Projects 5,663 18,096 4,281 13,278 725 1,941 347 820310 2,057 Total Units (23.8%) (76.2%) (18.0%) (55.9%)(3.1%) (8.2%) (1.5%)(3.5%) (1.3%) (8.7%) (% All Units) Source: Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation (2015a) (see Appendix A for the 10-page table from which the above information was compiled) Page 43 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES II.D.7. Disability-specific Housing SupportPrograms Page 44 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 25. Number of Affordable Housing Developments and Units Funded through the Low- Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), Section 202, Section 515, and Section 811, by County Honolulu County Hawaii County Kauai County Maui County Total Properties Properties Properties Properties Program Units Units Units Units Units 34 3,576 2,293 LIHTC 13 897 3 94 17 6,860 Section 202 16 377 9 207 1 4 14 426 1,014 Section 811 13 99 8 43 2 20 3 31 193 Section 515 N/A N/A 9 325 2 56 6 236 617 Total 63 4,052 39 1,472 8 174 40 2,986 8,684 Source: HUD data compiled by affordablehousingonline.com for each of the counties: Honolulu: http://affordablehousingonline.com/housing-search/Hawaii/Honolulu-County/ Hawaii: http://affordablehousingonline.com/housing-search/Hawaii/Hawaii-County/ Kauai: http://affordablehousingonline.com/housing-search/Hawaii/Kauai-County/ Maui: http://affordablehousingonline.com/housing-search/Hawaii/Maui-County/ Page 45 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES II.D.8. Housing for Seniorsand Frail Elders II.D.9. Olmstead Decision and Community Housing for PeoplewithSignificantDisabilities Page 46 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 47 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 26.Change in Number and Percent of Hawaii Medicaid Recipients Receiving Long-term Services and Supports Who Reside in Community-based Settings versus Institutions, 2009-2013 02/01/2009 06/30/2013 % Change # Receiving Long-Term Services & Supports Up 4,950 7,004 (Medicaid) 41.5% # and % Receiving Home & Community-2,109 4,700 Up Based Services (HCBS) (42.6%) (67.1%) 122.9% # and % in a Nursing Facility or 2,841 2,304 Down Hospital (57.4%) (32.9%) 18.9% Admission into a Nursing Facility (with About About Down Medicaid as Primary Coverage) 32/month 3/month 90.6% Source: Hawaii Department of Human Services (2015b, page 6). Page 48 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 11.Types of Residence for People Served by the Developmental Disabilities Divisionin Hawaii, by Age (N = 405) 40.2% 82.0% 60.5% Parent/relatives home 33.3% 16.8% 5.2% 4.7% 4.5% 4.9% Independent home 4.8% 6.3% 2.6% 41.5% 9.0% 25.9% Foster care or host home 49.2% 58.9% 67.5% 1.7% 1.1% 1.2% Agency-operated apartment 3.2% 1.1% 2.6% 9.1% 2.2% 4.9% Group home 6.3% 12.6% 19.5% 0.2% Nursing facility 1.1% 2.5% 1.1% 2.5% Other 3.2% 3.2% 2.6% 0%20%40%60%80%100% All Ages18-29 Years30-39 Years 40-49 Years50-59 Years60 and Up Source: University of Hawaii Center on Disability Studies (2013) Page 49 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 50 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 51 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES II.D.10. People Housed in Institutions Page 52 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 27.Institutionalized Population, by Type of Institution and County, 2010 State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Hawaii County County County County % of % of % of % of Type of Institution # # State # State # State # State All Institutions 11,306 7,658 67.7% 1,563 13.8% 628 5.6% 1,457 12.9% Correctional Facilities for Adults Federal Detention 704 704 100% - - -- - - Centers State prisons 4,548 3,049 67.0% 478 10.5% 289 6.4% 732 16.1% Local Jails 12 12 100% - - -- - - Correctional Residential 382 114 29.8% 267 69.9% 1 0.3% - - Facilities Military Disciplinary 27 27 100% - - -- - - Barracks or Jails TOTAL 5,673 3,906 68.9% 745 13.1% 290 5.1% 732 12.9% Juvenile Facilities Group Homes 115 73 63.5% 6 5.2% 23 20.0% 13 11.3% (Non-correctional) Residential Treatment Centers 46 12 26.1% 22 47.8% -- 12 26.1% (Non-correctional) Juvenile Correctional 119 103 86.6% - - -- 16 13.4% Facilities TOTAL 280 188 67.1% 28 10.0% 23 8.2% 41 14.6% Nursing Facilities/Skilled Nursing Facilities TOTAL 5,198 3,425 65.9% 776 14.9% 315 6.1% 682 13.1% Other Institutional Facilities Mental 71 60 84.5% 9 12.7% -- 2 2.8% In-patient Hospice 34 34 100% - - -- - - Facilities Military Treatment Facilities with 27 27 100% - - -- - - Assigned Patients Residential Schools for People 18 18 100% - - -- - - with Disabilities TOTAL 150 139 92.7% 14 9.3% -- 2 1.3% Source: Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (2015b, Table 1.53) Page 53 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES II.E.1.The Homeless Population Page 54 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 28. Homeless Population Estimates Based on Point-in-Time Count (January 2015) and Analysis of Use of Homeless Services (July 1, 2014June 30, 2015), by County State of Honolulu Hawaii Kauai Maui Population Estimate Method Hawaii County County County County % of State General Population 100% 69.8% 13.7% 5.0% 11.5% 2015 Point-in-Time Homeless Count 7,620 4,903 1,241 339 1,137 (% of State Total) (100%) (64.3%) (16.3%) (4.4%) (14.9%) Count of Homeless Services Users 14,954 10,257 1,829 662 2,206 (% of State Total) (100%) (68.6%) (12.2%) (4.4%) (14.8%) Source: Hawaii Department of Human Services (2015a); Yuan, Vo, Gleason, & Azuma (2015) Page 55 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 29. Homeless Adults Identified with Serious Disabling Conditions by the Hawaii Point-in- Time Count, January 2015 Sheltered Unsheltered Honolulu Rural State Honolulu Rural State County Counties Total County Counties Total TOTAL All Homeless Adults 2,964 1,939 813 3,777 1,904 3,843 7,620 Chronically Homeless 135 644 18 153 575 1,219 1,372 (% All Homeless Adults) (4.6%) (33.2%) (2.2%) (4.1%) (30.2%) (31.7%) (18.0%) Serious Mental Illness 394 599 110 504 587 1,186 1,690 (% All Homeless Adults) (13.3%) (30.9%) (13.5%) (13.3%) (30.8%) (30.9%) (22.2%) Substance Use Disorder 257 514 119 376 506 1,020 1,396 (% All Homeless Adults) (8.7%) (26.5%) (14.6%) (10.0%) (26.6%) (26.5%) (18.3%) HIV/AIDS 26 22 3 29 27 49 78 (% All Homeless Adults) (0.9%) (1.1%) (0.4%) (0.8%) (1.4%) (1.3%) (1.0%) Source: Hawaii Department of Human Services (2016) Page 56 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES II.E.2.Transportation Challenges for People with Disabilities Page 57 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 58 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES III.A.1. Overview of Fair Housing Complaints Page 59 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 60 of 133 % 0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0% 80%20% 100% Basis #0401000000005 Missing % 0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0% 57%43% 100% Basis #4300000000007 Religion IES % 0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0% IT 78%22% 100% Basis Color #7200000000009 ISABIL D % 0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0% 57%11%18%14% 100% Basis #35400000000 EOPLE WITH 2001 through April 2016 1628 Retaliation P % 7%4%0%0%0%0%0%0%0% 50%28%11% Basis 100% OCUS ON F #5320000000 National 231346 Origin WITH A % 7%0%0%0%2%2%0%0%0% 32%48%10% 100% Sex 133 Basis AWAII #6400011000 H 192960 of 61 % 4%1%1%1%3%1%4%0%0% 36%39%10% 100% HOICE IN C Page Status #8311121300 Familial 293180 OUSING % 8%6%4%1%1%1%0%0%1%0% H 61%17% 100% AIR Race Basis F #962210010 902512 148 % 8%3%2%2%0%1%0%0%0% 44%26%13% 100% Basis #6512001 80402610 Disability 134306 MPEDIMENTS TO I % 7%3%1%1%1%1%0%0%0% 47%28%11% 100% HCRC Case Closure, by Primary Basis of Fair Housing Complaint, - Center on Disabilities Studies calculations, based on data provided by HUD, April 2016 Bases #9854311 765019 322190688 All Primary NALYSIS OF - A order of trial TOTAL P judicial No cause dismissal cooperate successful jurisdiction respondent complainant FHA determination after resolution . Reasons for HUD Unable to locate Closed due start Litigation ended Unable to identify without resolution : University of Hawaii discrimination found Dismissed for lack of Complainant failed to FHAP judicial consent Conciliation/settlement Complainant withdrawal Complainant withdrawal Reason for Case Closure Table 30 Source A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 12.Average Number of Days to Close HUD-HCRC Fair Housing Complaints, by Primary Basis, 2001-2015 Sex 324 Familial Status 309 Disability 269 National Origin 215 No Basis Provided 201 Retaliation 194 Race 190 Color 184 Religion 85 050100150200250300350 Average # Days to Close Fair Housing Complaint Source: University of Hawaii Center on Disabilities Studies calculations, based on data provided by HUD, April 2016 Figure 13. Average Number of Days to Close Fair Housing Complaint, by Year Submitted and Disability Primary Basis versus All Bases, 2001-2014 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Average # of Days to Close Complaint 0 20012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014 All Bases 365277297219292242144148200263336355285286 Disability Basis 401373409238157142193121253271446281302287 Source: University of Hawaii Center on Disabilities Studies calculations, based on data provided by HUD, April 2016 Page 62 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES III.A.2. Fair Housing Complaints for Which Disability Was the Primary Basis Figure 14. Top 10 Reasons for Filing Disability-based Fair Housing Complaints with HUD-HCRC, 2005-2015 (N = 200*) Failure to make reasonable accommodation 140 Discrimination in rental terms/conditions/privileges 37 Discriminatory acts under Section 818 (coercion, etc.)37 35 Discriminatory refusal to rent 33 Discriminatory refusal to rent and negotiate for rent 26 Failure to permit reasonable modification 19 Discriminatory advertising, statements and notices 12 Discrimination in sales terms/conditions/privileges 5 Other discriminatory acts 5 050100150 Number of Complaints for Given Reason * The total number of reasons (349) exceeds the number of disability-based complaints (200) because many complaints listed more than one reason. Source: University of Hawaii Center on Disabilities Studies calculations, based on data provided by HUD, April 2016 Page 63 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 31. HUD-HCRC Fair Housing Complaints with Different Disability Basis Combinations, 2005-2015 Disability Is Primary Basis # % Disability200 70.9% Disability, Retaliation39 13.8% Disability, Sex5 1.8% Disability, Sex, Retaliation5 1.8% Disability, Familial Status2 0.7% Disability, National Origin, Retaliation2 0.7% Disability, Color1 0.4% Disability, Familial Status, Retaliation1 0.4% Disability, National Origin1 0.4% Disability, National Origin, Color, Retaliation1 0.4% Disability, National Origin, Religion1 0.4% Disability, National Origin, Sex, Religion1 0.4% Disability Is a Secondary Basis Race, Disability10 3.5% Race, Disability, National Origin4 1.4% Race, Disability, Sex3 1.1% Race, Disability, Sex, Retaliation2 0.7% Race, Disability, Color2 0.7% Race, Disability, Color, Retaliation1 0.4% Race, Disability, National Origin, Sex, Religion1 0.4% TOTAL282 100.0% Source: Data provided by HUD, April 2016 Figure 15. Percent of Fair Housing Complaints for Which Primary Basis Was Disability versus Other Than Disability, by Year and Whether Processed by LASH or HUD-HCRC, 2005-2015 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 20052006200720082009201020112012201320142015 % Primary Basis Is Disability vs. Not Disability Primary Basis = Disability LASHPrimary Basis = Disability HUD-HCRC Primary Basis = Other Than Disability LASHPrimary Basis = Other Than Disability HUD-HCRC Source: University of Hawaii Center on Disabilities Studies calculations, based on data provided by HUD, HCRC and LASH, April 2016 Page 64 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 16.Primary Bases for Fair Housing Complaints to HUD-HCRC, Color, Retaliation, 5% Religion, 1% 1% National Origin, 8% Sex, Disability, 8% 42% Race, Familial 25% Status, 9% 2001-2005 Retaliation, Color, Religion, 4% 0% 1% National Origin, 7% Disability, Sex, 42% 10% Familial Status, 13% Race, 22% 2006-2010 Color, Retaliation, Religio 2% 2% n0% National No basis Origin provided 4% 2% Sex, 7% Familial Status, Disability, 14% 51% Race, 16% 2011-2015 ata provided by HUD and HCRC April 2016 Page 65 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Figure 17. Number of Fair Housing Complaints for Which Disability Was the Primary Basis, over the Periods 2001-2015 for HUD-HCRC and 2014-2015 for LASH, by County 160 149 140 113 120 106 104 100 100 74 71 80 58 60 40 2424 21 18 17 15 14 12 20 8 4 3 1 0 # Complaints wtih Disabiity Primary Basis State of HawaiiHonolulu CountyHawaii CountyKauai CountyMaui County 2001-2005 HUD-HCRC2006-2010 HUD-HCRC2011-2015 HUD-HCRC2014-2015 LASH Source: University of Hawaii Center on Disabilities Studies calculations, based on data provided by HCRC and LASH, April 2016 III.A.3. Fair Housing Testing Page 66 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 32. Fair Housing Infraction Testing for the Disability Protected Class by Legal Aid Society of Hawaii during 2015 Date Subject Type Zip Code County Test Outcome Jan. 2015 D&C* Complaint 96822 Oahu Further Investigation Necessary Feb. 2015 Rental Systemic 96782 Oahu Further Investigation Necessary Mar. 2015 Rental Systemic 96826 Oahu Further Investigation Necessary Apr. 2015 Rental Systemic 96734 Oahu Incomplete May 2015 Rental Systemic 96701 Oahu No Further Investigation Necessary May 2015 Rental Complaint 96817 Oahu Further Investigation Necessary May 2015 Rental Systemic 96720 Hawaii Incomplete May 2015 Rental Systemic 96746 Kauai No Further Investigation Necessary May 2015 Rental Systemic 96822 Oahu Incomplete Jul. 2015 Rental Systemic 96720 Hawaii No Further Investigation Necessary Jul. 2015 Rental Systemic 96753 Maui Further Investigation Necessary Aug. 2015 Rental Systemic 96720 Hawaii No Further Investigation Necessary Oct. 2015 Rental Systemic 96816 Oahu Further Investigation Necessary Oct. 2015 Rental Systemic 96797 Oahu No Further Investigation Necessary Oct. 2015 Rental Systemic 96826 Oahu Incomplete Oct. 2015 Rental Systemic 96822 Oahu Incomplete Nov. 2015 Rental Systemic 96826 Oahu No Further Investigation Necessary Nov. 2015 Rental Systemic 96825 Oahu Incomplete Nov. 2015 Rental Systemic 96797 Oahu Further Investigation Necessary Nov. 2015 Sales Systemic 96815 Oahu Further Investigation Necessary Nov. 2015 Sales Systemic 96815 Oahu No Further Investigation Necessary Nov. 2015 Sales Systemic 96815 Oahu No Further Investigation Necessary Dec. 2015 Sales Systemic 96815 Oahu Further Investigation Necessary Dec. 2015 Sales Systemic 96815 Oahu No Further Investigation Necessary Dec. 2015 Sales Systemic 96815 Kauai No Further Investigation Necessary Dec. 2015 Rental Complaint N.A.* N.A.* No Further Investigation Necessary * Source: Adapted from table provided by Legal Aid Society of Hawaii, May 2016 Page 67 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 68 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES III.D.1.Requests for Housing Modificationsand Accommodations Page 69 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES III.D.2.Service Animals Page 70 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 71 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES IV.A.1.Zoning and Site Selection Page 72 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 73 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 74 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES IV.A.2.Neighborhood Revitalization, Municipal and Other Services,Employment-Housing- Transportation Linkage Page 75 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 76 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 33. Current and Proposed Affordable Housing Requirements for Honolulu County Source: City and County of Honolulu (2015c, page 1). Page 77 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 78 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 79 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 80 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Page 81 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 82 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES IV.A.3.Public Housingand Other Assisted/Insured Housing Provider Tenant Selection Procedures; Housing Choices for Certificate and Voucher Holders Page 83 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES IV.A.4.Sale of Subsidized Housing and Possible Displacement IV.A.5.Property Tax Policies IV.A.6.Planning and Zoning Boards Page 84 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES IV.A.7.Building Codes (Accessibility) o o o o Page 85 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 86 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 87 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES IV.C.1.Fair Housing Enforcement IV.C.2.Informational Programs Page 88 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 89 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES IV.3.Visitability in Housing Page 90 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 91 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 92 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 93 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES V.1. Interview Responses of People with Disabilities Page 94 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 95 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES V.2 Interview Responses of Personnel Page 96 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 97 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 98 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 99 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 100 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 101 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES VI.1.Impediments to Fair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities VI.2.Recommendations to FurtherFair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities Page 102 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 103 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 34. Recommendations for Raising Public Awareness Recommendation Actions to Achieve Raise awareness about fair housing Conduct a public fair housing awareness campaign (perhaps choicein coordination with HUD national campaigns) that includes a focus on impediments for people with disabilities Explore how older landlords in particular can be made better aware of their legal obligations for fair housing choice and the potential benefits of renting to people with disabilities Raise awareness about the need to Conduct a long-term care education and awareness campaign plan for future long-term care needs (LTC, page 2) so as to be better able to age-in-place Promote the concept of aging-in-Educate people on the need to renovate their home to be place more accessible prior to, rather than waiting for, the need arising (HFL, page 18) Conduct activities to raise awareness of home modification and universal design (AFC, Goal B) Educate and engage the public about Conduct an education and public awareness campaign with housing issues for people with positive and clear messages (ALZ Strategy 1 of Goal 4) Raise awareness of the general public Convene an annual dementia care and research symposium and professionals about important to foster scientific collaboration and sharecurrent dementia issues for people with research with the Hawaii community (ALZ Strategy 3 of Goal and the latest research findings 1) Table 35. Recommendations for Accessible Information Resources Recommendation Actions to Achieve Provide consumers with easily Ensure that strengthening and expanding the roles of Aging accessible information and referral and Disability Resource Centers includes coverage of options accessible housing and fair housing choice(ALZ Strategy 2 of Goal 2 and Strategy 1 of Goal 4; HFL, page 18; LTC, page 6) Provide up-to-date information Share the latest information about promising about best practices for serving research and interventions (including those addressing people with accessible housing) with Hawaii healthcare professionals, as well as the general public, through educational events, online sources, and the media (ALZ Strategy 4 of Goal 1) Page 104 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 36.Recommendations for Educational Activities Recommendation Actions to Achieve Educate more people about fair Increase the number of, and attendance at, fair housing housing choice workshops, seminars, and other educational events Enhance the knowledge of people Work with public and private agencies serving people with with disabilities about their rights disabilities to educate them about their rights and obligations and obligations under the Fair (for example, how to file a fair housing complaint, and the Housing Act need to have a written rather than verbal lease agreement) Enhance knowledge about home Educate homeowners about the benefits of, and financing modifications for accessibility options for, home modifications and retrofit Educate tenants, landlords, property Include the topic of accommodations, including assistance managers, and the general public animals, in education activities about accommodations, including those related to assistance animals Improve the acceptance of service Use a video or other means to educate animal owners on and assistance animals by landlords their obligations to control their animals and how to do so and property managers as well as the effectively general public Encourage the use of guide dogs that are from breeds viewed as friendly and non-threatening Increase professional knowledge Develop an interdisciplinary course that brings together the about and motivation to use the appropriate professionals/experts to train architects, principles of universal design and designers, builders, developers, and draftsmen in universal visitability design principles and the positive impacts that result from their use (HFL, page 18) Offer and promote courses that lead to designation as Certified Aging-In-Place Specialist (AFC, page A14) Promote existing fully accessible housing projects as models for future projects (for example, The Harry & Jeanette Weinberg Hale Kuhao in Waipahu) Increase the knowledge of realtors Require realtors to take continuing education courses on fair about fair housing housing (especially those who are property managers) Provide supports to people and their RefAssociation diagnosisbranches in all counties (ALZ Strategy 5 of Goal 2) Page 105 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 37.Recommendations to Increase the Stockof Accessible andVisitableHousing Recommendation Actions to Achieve Increase the construction of aging-in-Explore how public policies can provide incentives, such as place, multigenerational, visitable, tax credits for developers through density bonuses, increased and fully accessible homes lot size, or other credits (HFL, page 19) Maximize use of HUD HOME program funds to provide 0% loans for accessible housing construction Revise zoning requirements and Adopt visitability regulations for new construction (AFC, page building codes to promote accessible A15) and visitable housing Ensure the disability perspective is presented in zoning and building code decision making (for example, by requiring at least one member of boards and commissions to be a person with disabilities or a disability advocate) Delete the Land one kitchen in a house in order to promote the creation of more multigenerational housing (HFL, page 15) Renovate existing buildings and/or Establish a fund dedicated to renovation for accessibility units to be accessible Reduce costs and other barriers to Streamline permitting for home modifications (AFC, Goal B) making home modifications Provide financial assistance for home modifications for older persons and people with disabilities (AFC, Goal B) Require ALL publicly-funded housing End the 5%-2% exemption for publicly-funded housing that is construction (single-family detached requirement to have 5% of units homes, duplexes, triplexes, and multiple-story townhouses physically accessible and 2% sensory without elevators) accessible Require new private construction to 5%-2% accessibility requirement for publicly- adhere to enhanced accessibility funded housing to private construction requirements Require ALL new housing (including that constructed with private financing) to be visitable Increase the percentage of Ohana Promote the benefits of accessibility in all information units and ADUs that are accessiblesources and application forms Offer incentives for accessible features Increase the access of people with Ensure ALL public housing complexes meet -2% disabilities to public housing accessibility requirement Designate more public housing units as available for the priority group of people with disabilities Provide people with disabilities at risk of emotional crises and self-destructive behaviors with case management and other social services to prevent their eviction from public housing Mandate strong accessible housing Advocate for strong accessible housing requirements in all requirements for all HCDA housing HCDA decision-making and in zoning and building code developments and all TOD changes to be made in TOD neighborhoods neighborhoods Page 106 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Recommendation Actions to Achieve Ensure compliance with any new Establish a comprehensive enforcement program to include stronger requirements for percent of housing design review, fair housing testing on design and new housing units that are accessible construction, and enforcement when violations are found or any building code changes on Integrate accessibility requirements into the permitting accessible housing features process Increase the availability of affordable Build more on-campus housing for students to free up housing around the University of housing in the surrounding neighborhood -year campuses Increase ability of people with disabilities to obtain Section 8 Give people in need of accessible housing more time to use housing before vouchers expire their vouchers Support people with disabilities to Improve accessible transportation services to ensure stay in rural areas where housing is sufficient coverage and frequency in rural areas more affordable Promote the building of affordable accessible housing within walking or wheelchair distance of rural town centers Take advantage of low land prices on the Big Island to build more subsidized housing Table 38. Recommendations to Enhance Options and Supports for Aging-in-Place Recommendation Actions to Achieve Encourage life insurance as a source Mandate that life insurance policies include the option for of private long-term care funding accelerated death benefits that can be used to pay for long- term care (LTC, page 3) Expand Kupuna Care to provide in-Increase funding for Kupuna Care and introduce a sliding fee home services to more people schedule so more people can obtain services (LTC, page 3) Establish a limited, mandatory public Develop a program design that ensures long-term fiscal long-term care insurance program for solvency of the program and pass enabling legislation (LTC, the working population page 4) Incorporate age-friendly design in Make age-friendly design attractive to developers and new housing communities and units support them to create multigenerational and/or senior only developments with all units accessible (AFC, Goal C) Leverage private, Federal, State and County funds for increased infrastructure capacity to support higher density residential usesin TOD areas while retaining requirements for walkability and accessibility (OAH, page 24) Expand construction of accessory Revise the Land Use Ordinance and accompanying dwelling units (ADUs) regulations to allow ADUs, and include ADUs in new housing developments (AFC, Goal D; OAH, page 2) Encourage Ohana dwellings and ADUs in rural centers to meet the needs of extended families (OAH, page 24) Assess and address the housing Explore affordable housing models and options in Hawaii that needs of people with would be accessible for those living with dementia as they age-in-place (ALZ Strategy 5 of Goal 3) Page 107 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 39. Recommendations to Increase Homeownership by People with Disabilities Recommendation Actions to Achieve Provide information about support Include a well-developed housing information component in programs and mortgage products Aging and Disability Resource Centers that help people with disabilities purchase a home Increase homeownership educational Work with real estate organizations and lending institutions opportunities for people with to develop and provide educational programs for people with disabilities disabilities interested in buying a home Affirmatively market home buying Work with realtors and developers to market to people with opportunities to people with disabilities disabilities Support people with disabilities in Subsidize mortgage payments by covering the amount above making mortgage payments 30% of their income Page 108 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table 40.Recommendations for Workforce Enhancement Recommendation Actions to Achieve Enhance the attitudes, skills, and Explore requiring Level I direct care providers to complete a knowledge of Level I direct care brief training (using, for example, the rd providers (who currently have no Persons with Developmental Disabilities, 3 Edition, training requirements) curriculum, created by the University of Hawaii Center on Disability Studies for the Developmental Disabilities Division) Ensure the number of care home Develop programs to recruit, train, and retain care home operators and staff keeps pace with personnel growing demand as current personnel retire Build a workforce with the attitudes, Offer continuing training to health professionals through a skills, and knowledge to provide high unified curriculum; encourage and incentivize quality care for people with professionals and paraprofessionals to pursue careers in geriatric specialties; and attract more specialists to Hawaii (ALZ Strategy 3 of Goal 2) Support personnel to gain the attitudes, skills, and knowledge needed to provide services in a culturally competent manner (ALZ Strategy 5 of Goal 2) Conduct a recruitment and training initiative to increase the supply of dementia-capable geriatricians, geriatric aides and other direct care providers (Hawaii Workforce Development Council, 2011) Table 41. Recommendations to Improve Service Systems Recommendation Actions to Achieve Support the Aging and Disability Ensure Aging and Disability Resource Centers provide Resource Centers one-stop-shop comprehensive housing information (including the topic of initiative fair housing choice) and relevant online applications (public housing, Section 8, Medicaid HCBS, etc.) Enhance system capacity and cross-Advocate for increased State and County funding for systems agency coordination improvement and cross-agency coordination Page 109 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Recommendation Actions to Achieve Create a dementia capable service Conduct a statewide assessment to determine how dementia system develop a plan to address identified training needs (ALZ Strategy 1 of Goal 2) Enhance mechanisms to prevent or Establish an official body to verify disabilities and decide resolve disputes about accommodations requests, including those for assistance accommodations, including animals, on the front end assistance animals Create and require use of a standardized assessment form for doctors to use when certifying accommodation needs, including assistance animals Establish condominium ombudsman positions with knowledge of fair housing choice to mediate tenant-landlord disputes Reduce the high rate of people falsely Make false claims about requiring service and assistance claiming to require service and animals illegal assistance animals Address the problem of many people Develop a centralized database of contact information for on wait lists not being informed of applicants on wait lists (for public housing or Section 8) that reaching the top due to out-of-date can be updated online by the applicants or their authorized contact information representatives (County of Hawaii 2011 Analysis of Impediments to Fair Housing Choice, page 37) Table 42. Recommendations Specific to High-need Subpopulations Recommendation Actions to Achieve Modify the Med-QUEST program to Join the nearly 50 states with Medicaid buy-in programs that better support Medicaid-eligible enable employed people with disabilities to keep their individuals afford housing Medicaid coverage by sharing in the cost Increase the monthly SSI amount to come closer to buying parity with Mainland counterparts who have much lower costs of living Increase the access of people with to Medicaid- funded LTSS (since they are not eligible for services from the Adult Mental Health Division) (ALZ, page 26) Enhance community-based services Substantially increase funding for the Adult Mental Health for people with psychiatric disabilities Division to expand programs and relax stringent eligibility Page 110 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Recommendation Actions to Achieve so they are able to readily access and requirements imposed due to severe funding cuts during the maintain effective treatment Great Recession Enhance programs for youth with serious emotional disturbances to support their transition to adulthood, including obtaining stable housing Involve and listen to consumers in designing, conducting, and evaluating programs to ensure their most important needs and desires are given priority Support landlords and property Create a program linking landlords and property managers managers to understand the needs of with social service and faith-based organizations serving tenants with psychiatric disabilities or people with psychiatric disabilities or and to know what to do if there is a crisis Support people with serious cognitive Examine and adapt the models provided by states that have disabilities to increase their incomes included employment goals in Olmstead Plans (Cooper, et al., through competitive employment so 2014) they are better able to afford housing Adopt the Employment First model that gives priority to supporting people with ID/DD obtain competitive employment in the community (rather than being in day facilities or sheltered workshops) (Cooper, et al., 2014) Reduce background check Encourage landlords and property managers to base rental requirements for people with ID/DD decisions for people with ID/DD on their current ability to pay seeking rental housing without the need to pass checks of credit and references, especially if transitioning from a licensed or certified home or facility IV.3. Action Plan to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities Page 111 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 112 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 113 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 114 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Table43.Five-year Action Plan to Affirmatively FurtherFair Housing Choice for People with Disabilities Action Steps Timeline Milestones/Outcomes GOAL 1: Enhance Public Awareness of Fair Housing Continue to publicize and conduct fair housing Ongoing A greater proportion of workshops and seminars the population is aware of fair housing issues Ensure the topics of affordable housing and fair Within Housing information, housing choice are fully addressed within the No Year 1 resources, applications, Wrong Door Network and all ADRCs and counseling available in one-stop-shops Publicize and promote the existence of, and Ongoing ADRCs are widely known and used as one-stop- the No Wrong Door Network shops for housing-related services GOAL 2: Increase the Availability of Affordable Housing that Is Accessible or Visitable Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate By end of Enhanced accessibility at for the addition or upgrading of accessibility Year 2 the housing unit and requirements in major neighborhood and housing community levels development projects Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate By end of More seniors are able to for a visitability requirement for ALL new housing Year 5 age-in-place and more construction (with the exception of ADUs and ohana people with disabilities units) have accessible housing Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate By end of More seniors are able to for ways to incentivize visitability as a valuable Year 3 age-in-place and more feature in ADUs and ohana units people with disabilities have accessible housing Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate By end of More seniors are able to for Increased funding to help lower income Year 3 age-in-place and more homeowners cover costs of modifications and people with disabilities renovations to make their homes more accessible have accessible housing GOAL 3: Enhance Housing Options for People with Severe Mobility and Cognitive Impairments Collaborate with relevant organizations to advocate Ongoing Seniors and people with for actions to ensure the paraprofessional caretaking severe disabilities have workforce is sufficient to meet growing needs for access to in-home and in- long-term services and supports (LTSS) and Home and facility services Community-based Services (HCBS) Collaborate with public and private providers of Ongoing More people with services to people with the most severe disabilities to psychiatric disabilities, support their access to appropriate housing are well housed Page 115 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 116 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Note: All Web linksprovided fortheresources below were checked and found to be operational as of November 14, 2016 Page 117 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 118 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 119 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 120 of 133 A NALYSIS OF I MPEDIMENTS TO F AIR H OUSING C HOICE IN H AWAII WITH A F OCUS ON P EOPLE WITH D ISABILITIES Page 121 of 133 A 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