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Home My WebLink AboutNRCS Programs PPT Presentation 1-9-2018Conservation Managing Service Resources Sustainably ■ United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service ■ 9e Pacific Islands Area USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider. Soil is a living resource Soil supports life by: Growing plants &crops Feeding livestock Storing &filtering water Soil is an Irreplaceable Resource 1 Once it is gone, it is gone for good, or at least a VERY LONG time By protecting our soil... we protect our future L 1.1 Hugh Hammond Bennett Father of Soil Conservation "Conservation farming put first things first by attending to the needs of the soil by seeing to it that the starting off place, the base, is put into sound health and kept that way. Any other approach, no matter what it may be, always has and always must lead eventually to agricultural disaster." "Take care of the land and the land will take care of you" What is soil? Soils are made up of: Minerals Organic Matter Air Water • Healthy soils have p amounts of all eleme Soil can change with and management ,-e 4 Why is healthy soil important? Benefits productivity and profitability Increases infiltration, prevents soil erosion Provides habitat for beneficial soil life Ensures soil will be productive for many years Who can benefit from soil health? Farmers, Ranchers and Foresters Land owners and managers Island communities *Ago% T r Futuregenerations -t } Soil Organic Matter Most important indicator of soil health FIELD OBSERVATION: Soil color Darker colors indicate higher amounts of organic matter Decomposing plant matter Look for old roots, leaves, etc. at various stages of decomposition Soil Organic Matter - Benefits Improves soil structure Increases water holding capacity Increases soil ability to hold on to nutrients Feeds important soil organisms Reduce Soil Erosion s7 lti2a,l.-Htiy soil has amazing water -retention capacity. O increase in organic W 0 matter results in as much as 00025gal of available 1 1 soil water per acre. Source: Kansas State Extension Agronomy e -Updates, Number 357, July 6, 2012 USDA United States Want more soil secrets? UtTartmenAgriculturet of Check out www.nres.usda.gov USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer Soil Organisms - MICROorganisms Decompose organic materials ` 7. Cycle nutrients for plant u p take p Activity &diversity dependent on food availability (organic matter) Soil organisms - earthworms Worms create organic matter by breaking down plant waste They also churn and aerate the soil q& SOURCE: landscapeforlife.org FIELD OBSERVATION: Look for worms and their castings as well as other beneficial insects Natural Resources Conservation Service Who we are and what we do: •We are an agency within the Federal US Department of Agriculture (USDA) •Our job is to help people conserve, maintain and improve our natural resources and the environment. We help people help the land... Farm Bill Programs r EQIP "I (Environmental Quality Incentive Program) ► Provide financial assistance to producers to voluntarily address resource concerns. s Payments are calculated based on payment rates ;calculated from average costs (-50-90%). CSP (Conservation Stewardship ProgrE ► Encourages land stewards to improve thei conservation performance by installing and adopting additional activities while maintain existing activities. ► Must meet stewardship threshold and all eligible land must be enrolled. P. AMA (Agricultural Management Assistance) Provide financial assistance to producers to voluntarily address resource concerns. Those focused n with this program include water quality, soil erosion and irrigation water management. Payments are calculated based on payment rates Calculated from average costs (-50-90%). 7 CREP (Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program) Landowners set aside highly -erodible cropland ,a n astureland from production and convert the Io native trees, shrubs, grasses. ds must be adjacent to a stream or volcano Financial AID: EQIP EQIP (Environmental Quality Incentive Program) ayments received by producers through QIP contracts after February 7, 2014 may not exceed $450,000 for all EQIP contracts ntered into during the period 2014 to 2o18. 0 The EQIP Organic Initiative contracts are limited to $Zo,000 per fiscal year and s8o,000 during any 6 -year period for persons or legal entities. There is no authority to waive the annual payment limitation or total payment limitation. Ii Four Principles of Soil Health Minimize Soil Disturbance (reduce tillage) Keep the Soil Covered (cover crop/mulch) Keep Living Roots in the Soil (keep plants growing) Maximize Diversity (crop rotation/cover crops) Lets Look at Soil Erosion Excessive Plowing -Soil Prone to Wind Erosion Lets Look at Soil Erosion "Rich Soil Donation Program" for your Neighbors - Keep your most important Resource on your farm! Conservation Practices that Reduce Soil Erosion & Promote Soil Health Vegetative/Agronomic Practices ❑ Residue and Tillage Management ❑ Cover Crop ❑ Conservation Crop Rotation ❑ Windbreak ❑ Vegetative Barrier ❑ Filter Strip ❑ Pollinator Habitat/Wildlife Habitat (Tree/Shrub Establishment) ❑ Mulching Engineering Practices ❑ Terrace ❑ Diversion ❑ Grassed Waterway ❑ Contour Farming ❑ Irrigation/Water Catchment -Storage www.pia.nres.usda.gov N 0 &a Irw ��..,� � .. f -ti •� _ 'ti's . �-. '}:. �� PAC Oak 1 r r• rr �r 1 ,T,1 • 1 T •'• 1 1 _ IILI iti 1,� �--•r �' - 1 11 -r1 r. ••••`11 1 • I 1 14 '.`- I diL ., � r -� • ,� � ill and Reduce 111 EXAMPLES of Vegetative Practices that Reduce Soil Erosion --- . . ., . .- " --, — , —, ; — — - _4 7JF 41 P. dP "W 16 10-11012 14:41 ell Cover Crop (sunn hemp and buckwheat, sorgum/sudan grass) BENEFITS OF COVER CROPS Reduce Soil Erosion from Wind and Water Adds Organic Matter to Soil which Will Improve Physical Condition and Structure Cover Crops Compete for Light, Water, and Nutrients and may Suppress Weeds Legume Cover Crops Add "Free" Symbiotically -Fixed Nitrogen to the Farming System Crops Growing Late in the Season can Capture and Recycle Soluble Nutrients otherwise Lost such as Nitrogen, Potassium and some Micro - Nutrients Cropping System Diversity may Create Habitat for Beneficial Insects and Pollinators Cover Crops add an Opportunity for Crop Rotation to Break Insect or Disease Cycles May serve as Insectory Plants that provide food/shelter to beneficial insects May serve as a Bio -Fumigant (sunn hemp) against root -knot nematodes that damage crops such as sweet potato High Elevation �Li rass �y Carer Crop Chart for Hawaii Low Elevation [^ Grass A - "m; r t ennix; N - �la; :F,-:F� pererna. R- recl"AW rad4rc.Gr.•n0[,'EnrDnn nEmah]de.{r .only certain Wh&&are mclgarrt 13 rud-L l waabdes for alral arta ccapea; W&Pe3 IEvery MAGePU312 to rellfwm F*M3bIS). 5 - 6uppNw4he IDpL3ptik aSBcrterrelotlee lfsdl Inexporaled Rti won Iteirp arld veNHhean we reslsW ID FD3WM aW FEnM m nemab5m nLmR Taom paha h hBsMirrt to mol -Wand mrrlfDrrm 7. grcfa h mly resIsM 10 roMmot sesame Is rt&%W tD souhem and peanrrtrm"not nernamde (LhnbldaVyne kwxgnM and It anena'8 ) W r■A.laranra W -L" (U jAw%a ). l,w .r•{ 1 1 . Cover Crops benefit soil by adding Carbon, Bio -fumigant, Nitrogen Braadleaf Legume 2.A aeefm 4 brxre Barley A 6uet71 ffid PuM Md 99 b+doe is Miffe M braze Irw■'z°^'v x xw.', � s■.r1 ONFP" ■ carm FiyB CBFH" ■ YMM aWBBt MVV Wdrypod V9ldl r JDM Dean Muetma Oat 160 Mdse 16 lht� ZO Ids 751d'aae 50-601bla a 1211 bMa 15 b(We 90lkpa A Oat A Mustard P WMD cbvsr A H&y retch VOM Bean A Soyll" AS Rape Beed A Mu lOh7t b•aYE 15 id -due 15 INIame dD UBM 40 Macre 511--75 iht.KFe 15 b•-dcre -.5lWwre 4 wwbir W1h Blit A Rape Sasd s RBtl c3ww EMI De ' p1g6- n Pea NP Lanw A ONIUM11 r GrAn sorghum 1311 brave 151hfaote Idle 290 GWbe 'S Q'a[re 190ihfacra 10 bdalL So-751d'acre A A 5 P [Mey�■■}■ A P F H' A ■ A AmxW Ryheguea 01 Pobeh Afalfa A■rabto Wln6ar Psa Personal Peanut S. Hemp liWVWCI Sn■g■um-Eudsogmea 100 brave 10 Waue 20IW=e 1COIUmm 406Were 75,d'aMe 3baye 50-751d'arxe A - "m; r t ennix; N - �la; :F,-:F� pererna. R- recl"AW rad4rc.Gr.•n0[,'EnrDnn nEmah]de.{r .only certain Wh&&are mclgarrt 13 rud-L l waabdes for alral arta ccapea; W&Pe3 IEvery MAGePU312 to rellfwm F*M3bIS). 5 - 6uppNw4he IDpL3ptik aSBcrterrelotlee lfsdl Inexporaled Rti won Iteirp arld veNHhean we reslsW ID FD3WM aW FEnM m nemab5m nLmR Taom paha h hBsMirrt to mol -Wand mrrlfDrrm 7. grcfa h mly resIsM 10 roMmot sesame Is rt&%W tD souhem and peanrrtrm"not nernamde (LhnbldaVyne kwxgnM and It anena'8 ) W r■A.laranra W -L" (U jAw%a ). l,w .r•{ 1 1 . Cover Crops benefit soil by adding Carbon, Bio -fumigant, Nitrogen EXAMPLES of Vegetative Practices that Reduce Soil Erosion Crop Rotatio Lm 1* Pollinator/Wildlife Habitat Is I , Tt, Y E Pollinator/Wildlife Habitat Assist w/ Establishing Habitat ❖ Brush Management ❖ Site Prep ❖ Tree/Shrub Establishment Before t Pollinator/Wildlife Habitat Assist w/ Establishing Habitat ❖ Brush Management ❖ Site Prep o -K, W r Tree/Shrub Establishment 1 During W During AN � "i Pollinator/Wildlife Habitat Assist w/ Establishing Habitat ❖ Brush Management ❖ Site Prep ❖ Tree/Shrub Establishment After UH Honeybee Project Meet the Pollinators Global and Local Trends in Pollinator Diversity Endemic Hawaiian Bees • Hylaeus (60 endemic species) • Family Colletidae • Called Yellow Faced Bees • Solitary Karl Magnacca • Small • Hairless • Lack structures to collect pollen (eat pollen) EXAMPLES of Agronomic Practices that Reduce Soil Erosion & Promote Soil Health Our Ow\\ a • ,� i r Y�^ 1 Mulching Moisture management Reduces erosion Increases Organic Matter Weed Suppression Create your own mulch and nitrogen fertilizer with Legumes such as Gliricidia Also known as Mother of Cacao EXAMPLES of Vegetative Practices that Reduce Soil Erosion and Promote Soil Health WOO' FILTER STRIPS GRASS t. WATERWAYS , USDA HRCS, Ghia Filter Strip (captures sediment) ve Barrier (captures sediment) moisture, tects conserves EXAMPLES of Engineering Practices that Reduce Soil Erosion & Promote Soil Health Contour Farming (sweet potato) Terrace e^1 Diversion z6 ko C ,:P9 y - EXAMPLES of Engineering Practices that Reduce Soil Erosion Grassed Waterway will keep soil on your field by:_ i. slowing down water & allowing soil to drop out of the water 2.. Stabilizes soil in the existing water channel OTHER CONSERVATION PRACTICES k High Tunnel System shukker-cl-.ck Nutrient Management & Integrated Pest Mgt Deep/Dry Litter System 4 Deep Tillage/Break Up Soil Compaction Health Local d of $01. $teviax na.� � aqa� n� tee, xe Ha .ne a,e4a�uq n"n'7R'MN�de1t'tdnwss Ya s95 M'*t puce, �F°r'u��dle� F�alad beaauw4�gwd aN,NhfMT� R,ucurrlu �lFarti'�`o Ks Nsaaal �'w,.ylM.SxRs, eaadM ,ewlzsrau9tas ,.nunP raan,rNri�e a fa fyW9e'S �mN,a9a"x"r GhaR9° id's mrd,R,[ilR Maxing h yWsrea+ta ,Kgdw� maP@at�dw [da w W,n'ra`NrK �na19[v sow,rre,�,ly�nttind,.��,;I,.R�t��q heann�� ,a„�+y �,'"V �a.ssy nnaaRud Vau,9o��sa,aela¢e --..MEMO Local Farmer Blossoms with Soil Health e�re.,exale.le anlamrrgraa.ren lMwalun Nar�nds Intro awraa.w a+ne ev baba lFawsl. sN roemr.e x>K In. rangy olnawR Canrre saY+INI ralh th rsght W epshlR gayarKo, andrneersfarAngxe urelorlhesoll so tti[ Rmll <orxmee [a Feed vLPwre n to maCl to G galelW fw rmen yw hckalwMlsm yw tab6, Collrme s9laMWrenlS ware tam 9rowen In Irum tly aoodyw aalmdy byxM,d newaa put Wsgo Wlley Nae fathn alsolarmed [he land adwnit l[aNdepends unhwlthy sail fu sopara Nataugnt hw [nalesfn lookon N!M Yaaq II Trill Le proeuel rve InnNm Iter Making the Change goal into Rassthereanery uyeiaooncnto her alalldmnaM gnMct.Gtlrert Wmpaled la tradmurulhrmYgM geea lmm before, S _ CarwuVkgw ndlrod an 60 pw[ant Imus. !' USDA gsga„r ewveecene.errew«awe.apwrw l' . Need more information? • Contact Info: Laila Tamimi Jayyousi Hilo Federal Building Room 203 8i8-933-8354 laila.jayyousi@hi.usda.gov • Learn more about soil: Web Soil Survey SoilWeb Smartphone App Soil Health www.nres.usda.gov www.pia.nrcs.usda.gov USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider.