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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2018-05-09 Gov Ige Request for Presidential Disaster Declaration and ApplicationDAVID Y. IGE GOVERNOR EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS H 0 N 0 1.. U L REQUEST FOR PRESIDENTIAL DISASTER DECLARATION May 9, 2018 The Honorable Donald J. Trump President of the United States The White House Washington, D.C. 20500 Through: Regional Administrator Robert Fenton FEMA Region IX Oakland, CA 94607-4052 Dear Mr. President: Under the provisions of Section Major Disaster citation (401), of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. §5121-5207 (Stafford Act), and implemented by 44 CFR § Major Disaster citation (206.36), I request that you declare a Major Disaster for the State of Hawaii as a result of the ongoing Kilauea East Rift Zone seismic activity and volcanic eruption beginning May 1, 2018. I request that the declaration authorize the Public Assistance Grant Program for Hawai`i County. In addition, I request the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program statewide. This disaster is of such severity and magnitude that effective response is beyond the capabilities of the State and the affected local governments. Direct federal assistance is necessary. Emergency Proclamations The Acting Mayor of Hawaii proclaimed a state of emergency for Hawaii County, effective May 3, 2018, based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Hawaii Volcano Observatory (HVO) raising the Volcano Alert Level to Warning. I took the appropriate action under state law and proclaimed an emergency for Hawaii County effective May 3, 2018. This proclamation authorized the expenditure of State monies as appropriate to provide for the speedy and efficient relief of the damages, losses, and suffering resulting from the seismic The Honorable Donald J. Trump May 9, 2018 Page 2 of 4 activity and lava flow. Furthermore, I directed the execution of the State of Hawaii Emergency Operations Plan in accordance with Section 401 of the Stafford Act. Description of Event On May 1, 2018, an earthquake with a 4.0 magnitude occurred in the vicinity of the Kilauea East Rift Zone that caused the wall of Pu`u `O`o vent to collapse and release lava into the East Rift Zone lava tube network. HVO issued a report that a migration of seismicity and deformation downrift (east) of Pu`u `O`o indicated that a large area along the East Rift Zone was potentially at risk of a new outbreak, possibly in the lower Puna area. On May 3, 2018, a 5.0 magnitude earthquake occurred and cracks developed on Mohala Street in the Leilani Estates neighborhood in the Puna District. At 5:35 pm HST, HVO raised the Volcano Alert Level from Watch to Warning. The Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency called for an evacuation of the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens subdivisions based on the potential threat from the lava intrusion. Based on the 2010 census, these neighborhoods have 835 homes and 1,777 residents. On Thursday, May 4, 2018 at 4:30 am HST, the lava broke through the surface within Leilani Estates and a 100 -foot fountain of lava spewed from the fissure. On Friday, May 5, 2018 a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurred at 12:32 pm HST, generating a small local tsunami. It was the largest earthquake in Hawaii since 1975. This earthquake was preceded by a strong magnitude 5.4 earthquake approximately one hour prior. Several aftershocks already occurred, the largest of which was a magnitude 4.8. Aftershocks are expected for several more months. USGS warns that large aftershocks may produce rockfalls and associated ash clouds above the Pu`u `O`o vent and the Halema`uma`u crater. These ash clouds pose a continuing threat to public health. Several buildings have reported minor damages from the earthquakes. Data from Hazus estimates structural damages from the magnitude 6.9 earthquake at $4.5 million; however, detailed damage assessments are not possible at this time. There are currently 14 fissures in the Leilani Estates subdivision. Two are emitting lava and all continue to release hazardous levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) gases. HVO warns that additional fissures and related lava flows could appear at any time along the East Rift Zone. To date, 27 homes have been destroyed by the lava. Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens remain under a mandatory evacuation order and emergency responders are prevented from accessing parts of these neighborhoods due to The Honorable Donald J. Trump May 9, 2018 Page 3 of 4 poisonous gas levels. It is unknown exactly how many residents did not heed the evacuation order and remain in the subdivisions. There are only three major roadways in this area, all of which are threatened by the current outbreak. If one of these roadways is cut off by lava, communities may be isolated or forced to use alternate routes that will add hours to their drive times. In the worst case scenario, a significant area of the Puna District, which includes 6,000 residents, may become isolated. This figure does not include the large numbers of squatters and unofficial residents living in the area. Cracks have been reported on Highway 130. If Highway 130 is closed to normal vehicular traffic, only two gravel roads are available for evacuation, Railroad Avenue or Government Beach Access Road, which will add over an hour each way to residents' travel time. Another potential evacuation route, Chain of Craters Road, is currently blocked by lava rock from a previous eruption and approximately one mile would need to be cleared before it can be used. Even if Chain of Craters Road is reopened, travel time for residents will increase by an average of two hours each way. Lower Puna is an area of high poverty and low economic opportunity. A combination of inadequate infrastructure, geographic size, and a limited economic base has supported a growing population with entrenched poverty. All communities impacted by this event meet FEMA's definition of small impoverished communities. Each community: consists of fewer than 3,000 people; is economically disadvantaged, with residents having an annual per capita income less than 80% of the national per capita income; and has an unemployment rate that exceeds the national unemployment rate by 1 percentage point or more. Additionally, the area has not fully recovered from the two presidentially declared disasters in 2014: Tropical Storm Iselle (DR -4194) and the Pu`u 'O`o lava flow (DR -4201). Current seismic activity and deformation are consistent with continued accumulation of magma within the rift zone. The path of the lava intrusion is southeastward from the Pu`u `O'6 vent. Additional fissure outbreaks producing spatter and lava flows are likely. Locations cannot be forecast with certainty, but new outbreaks thus far have been preceded by ground cracking, then strong steam and volcanic gas release. Areas uprift and downrift of the current fissure zone are the most likely to see further outbreaks. As more fissures open, the risk of exposure to SO2, H2S, HF, and H2SO4 increases. Toxic gas exposure increases the need to evacuate additional neighborhoods and possibly conduct search and rescue operations. Should a large-scale evacuation be required, county and state resources would quickly become overwhelmed. A mass evacuation of the lower Puna District would be beyond our collective capabilities. Direct federal assistance would be required to support evacuations, mass care, and long-term housing. The Honorable Donald J. Trump May 9, 2018 Page 4 of 4 The Puna Geothermal Venture power plant, which produces 25% to 30% of the island's power, is also located within the area threatened by a new lava outbreak. The power plant was closed and secured as an emergency protective measure; however, hazardous materials remain at the site which pose a potential threat to human life. State and County Resources There has been one federal disaster declaration within the past month, DR -4365. The Joint Preliminary Damage Assessment for DR -4365 verified over $19.7 million in damages, not including the $40 million to repair state roads. Since the HVO raised the Volcano Alert Level on May 3, 2018, Hawaii County and the State of Hawaii have focused significant energy and resources on the safety of residents threatened by the lava intrusion and accompanying earthquakes and gas emissions. Costs to protect the population are estimated to exceed $3.3 million, with over $1.5 million in permanent repair work. If Targe -scale evacuations are required, these costs will skyrocket. A table of costs is included in Exhibit B. These costs do not include any damages incurred from the many earthquakes that have shaken the area. Due to the on-going volcanic eruption, earthquake damage assessments within the worst hit areas are not possible at this time. Sincerely, ALielfWe-- David Y. Governor, State of Hawaii �z- Enclosures: OMB No. 1660-0009/FEMA Form 010-0-13 Exhibit B: Table of Costs, Public Assistance Grant Program Categories A and B Exhibit E: Maps Exhibit F: Photo Chronology DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Federal Emergency Management Agency REQUEST FOR PRESIDENTIAL DISASTER DECLARATION MAJOR DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OMB Control Number 1660-0009 Expires 09/30/2019 1. Request Date May 9, 2018 Burden Disclosure Notice Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 9 hours per response. The burden estimate includes the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and submitting the form. This collection of information is required to obtain a benefit. You are not required to respond to this collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding the accuracy of the burden estimate and any suggestions for reducing the burden to: Information Collections Management, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 500 C Street SW, Washington, DC 20472, Paperwork Reduction Project (1660-0009). NOTE: Do not send your completed form to this address. Completion of this form including applicable attachments satisfies legal requirements for emergency and major disaster declaration requests under 42 U.S.C. §§ 5170 and 5191, respectively, as implemented at 44 C.F.R.. §§ 206.35 and 206.36. Failure to use this form may result in a failure to meet these requirements and/or a delay in processing the request. 2a. Name of State (as defined in Stafford Act 102, 42 U.S.C. § 5122) or Indian tribal government requesting declaration. State of Hawaii 2b. Population (as reported by 2010 Census) or estimated population of Indian tribal government s damaged area(s). 1,360,301 3. Governor's or Tribal Chief Executive's Name Governor David Y. Ige 4. Designation of State or Tribal Coordinating Officer upon declaration (if available) and phone number Thomas Travis, 808-733-4300 5. Designation of Governor's Authorized Representative or Tribal Chief Executive Representative upon declaration (if available) and phone number Arthur J. Logan, 808-733-4246 Major Disaster (Stafford Act Sec. ❑ Emergency (Stafford Act Sec. 501 (a)) 6. Declaration Request For: X 401) 7. Incident Period: Beginning Date End May 3, 2018 If requesting Date official a "continuing" incident period, enclose an statement from a qualified Federal Government acknowledged as a national authority in a specific field (e.g., United States Geological Survey for incidents, the National Weather Service for or X Continuing agency incident seismic flooding). 7b. Type of Incident (Check all that apply) ❑ Fire ❑ Flood Snowstorm ❑ (Must include Enclosure D: Historic Data) Depression ❑ Tropical Storm ❑ Hurricane ❑ Landslide ❑ Mudslide and Current Snowfall ❑ g ht -Line Winds ❑ Drought X Earthquake ❑ Explosion Severe Storm ❑ (rain, high water, wind -driven, rain, hail,Strai lightning) ❑ Tidal Wave ❑ Tornado ❑ Tropical ❑ Other (please specify) ❑ Tsunami X Volcanic Eruption ❑ Winter Storm 8. Description of damages (Short description of impacts of disaster on affected area and population). Include additional details in enclosed Governor's or Tribal Chief Executive's cover letter. Since May 1, 2018 there have been over 100 earthquakes, the largest being a magnitude 6.9 on May 5, 2018; this earthquake generated a small local tsunami. Data from HAZUS estimates structural damages from this earthquake at $4.5 million. Full damage assessments are impossible at this time due to the on-going volcanic eruption. There are currently 14 active volcanic fissures in the Leilani Estates subdivision. Two communities are under mandatory evacuation orders; over 1,700 residents are currently displaced. Over 104 acres of land are covered in lava and 27 homes have been destroyed. New fissures and lava flows could appear at any time. All fissures are releasing hazardous levels of SO2, H2S, HF and H2504 gases. 9. Description of the nature and amount of State and local or Indian tribal government resources which have been or will be committed. Include additional details in enclosed Governor's or Tribal Chief Executive's cover letter. Hawaii County and the State of Hawaii have focused significant energy and resources on the public safety of the residents threatened by the lava intrusion and accompanying earthquakes and gas emissions. The Hawaii National Guard is supporting the county in manning roadblocks, providing security, and assisting with evacuation operations. State and county agencies have provided first responders with specialized personal protection equipment to protect them from the toxic gases in the area. State, county and NGOs are supporting hundreds of displaced residents at two Red Cross managed shelters. State, county, federal and NGO partners are also forward planning for the possibility of additional roads being cut by lava and the necessary large-scale evacuation of the entire Lower Puna District. FEMA Form 010-0-13, (5/17) Page 1 of 4 10. Joint Preliminary Damage Assessment* ❑ Individual Assistance Dates Performed Requested Start End Individual Assistance Accessibility Problems (Areas that could not be accessed, and why) 1 X Public Assistance Dates Performed Requested May 8, 2018 Start May 8, 2018 End May 8, 2018 Public Assistance Accessibility Problems (Areas that could not be accessed, and why) Full damage assessments are impossible at this time due to the on-going volcanic eruption. 11. Programs and Areas Requested Individuals Households Disaster Unemployment Individual Assistance X N/A ❑ and ❑ Crisis Counseling Program ❑ Program Assistance ❑ All ❑ Disaster Case Management ❑ Disaster Legal Services ❑ Small Business Administration (SBA) Disaster Assistance For the following jurisdictions, specify programs and areas (counties, parishes, independent cities; for Indian tribal government, list tribe(s) and/or tribal area(s)) If additional space is needed, please enclose additional documentation). For States, identify Federally -recognized Tribes in the requested counties (if applicable). Please see Enclosure A: Supplemental Information for Individual Assistance for additional information in support of this request*. *Not Required for Emergency Declaration Request FEMA Form 010-0-13, (5/17) Page 2 of 4 11. Programs and Areas Requested (Continued) Emergency Protective Permanent Work (Categories C -G)* Public Assistance ❑ N/A X Debris Removal (Category A) X X (not available for Emergency Measures (Category B) Declaration Requests) For the following jurisdictions, specify programs and areas (counties, parishes, independent cities; for Indian tribal government, list tribe(s) and/or tribal area(s)). If additional space is needed or your request includes different categories of work for different jurisdictions; please enclose additional documentation. County of Hawaii: Categories A, B, C -G For States, identify Federally -recognized Tribes included in the requested counties (if applicable). Please see Enclosure B: Supplemental Information for Public Assistance for additional information in support of this request*. Indemnification for Debris Removal Activity ❑ I do not anticipate the need for debris removal. I anticipate the need for debris removal, which poses an immediate threat to lives, public health and safety. Pursuant to Sections 403 and 407 of the Stafford Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 5170b & 5173, the State or Indian tribal government agrees to indemnify and hold X harmless the United States of America for any claims arising from the removal of debris or wreckage for this disaster. The State or Indian tribal government agrees that debris removal from public and private property will not occur until the landowner signs an unconditional authorization for the removal of debris. Request for Direct Federal Assistance ❑ I do not request direct Federal assistance at this time. I direct Federal assistance for and services to save lives and request work protect property, X and: a. I request the following type(s) of assistance: Potential assistance with evacuation and support for mass care and long-term housing. b. List of reasons why State and local or Indian tribal government cannot perform, or contract for, required work and services. The state does not have the air assets within the state to conduct evacuations by air. There is insufficient emergency shelter space and housing inventory within the county and state to address mass care and long-term housing needs that may result from this disaster. c. In accordance with 44 C.F.R. § 206.208, the State or Indian tribal government agrees that it will, with respect to direct Federal assistance: (1) Provide without cost to the United States all lands, easements, and rights -of -ways necessary to accomplish the approved work; (2) Hold and save the United States free from damages due to the requested work, and shall indemnify the Federal Government against any claims arising from such work; (3) Provide reimbursement to FEMA for the non -Federal share of the cost of such work in accordance with the provisions of the FEMA -State or FEMA -Tribe Agreement ; and (4) Assist the performing Federal agency in all support and local jurisdictional matters. Request for Snow Assistance X N/A ❑ I request snow assistance. Snow assistance for the following jurisdictions (Specify counties, independent cities or tribes and/or tribal areas). Please see Enclosure D: Historic and Current Snowfall Data for additional information in support of this request*. *Not Required for Emergency Declaration Request FEMA Form 010-0-13, (5/17) Page 3 of 4 11. Programs and Areas Requested (Continued) Hazard Mitigation* X Statewide OR For the following specific counties, parishes, independent cities or tribes and/or tribal areas. 12. Mitigation Plan Information* a. Mitigation Plan Expiration Date October 3, 2018 b. Type of Plan Enhanced X Standard 13. Other Federal Agency Programs I do not anticipate requirements from Other Federal I do from Other Federal anticipate requirements X Agencies Agencies Please see Enclosure C: Requirements for Other Federal Agency Programs for additional information in support of this request*. 14. Findings and Certifications X I certify the following: a. I have determined that this incident is of such severity and magnitude that effective response is beyond the capabilities of the State and the affected local government or Indian tribal government and that supplementary federal assistance is necessary. b. In response to this incident, I have taken appropriate action under State or tribal law and have directed the execution of the State or Tribal Emergency Plan on May 3, 2018 in accordance with the Stafford Act. c. The State and local governments, or Indian tribal government will assume all applicable non -Federal share of costs required by the Stafford Act. 15. List of Enclosures and Supporting Documentation X Cover Letter Enclosure A (Individual Assistance)* X Enclosure B (Public Assistance)* Enclosure C (Requirements for Other Federal Agency Programs) Enclosure D (Historic and Current Snowfall Data) X Additional Supporting Documentation Maps, Photo Chronology /_, . May 9, 2018 Governor's or I Chi Executi s Signature Date If anyone except the Governor or Tribal Chief Executive signs this document; please provide the documentation that establishes that this individual has the legal authority to act on behalf of the Governor or Tribal Chief Executive. *Not Required for Emergency Declaration Request FEMA Form 010-0-13, (5/17) Page 4 of 4 Exhibill 8: Cost Estimate Summary Spreadsheet,. Public Assistance Grant Program CAITEGiOR,Y a cl A Eli rJRGPtV ROADS INATEIR , F —,—, PUBLIC 012BRIS PROTECTliVE L.OnifzOL unuTies UILDItNIGiiS MEASURES R1111DGES FAitOILITIIES CCIUNT'if S f,Itairlitt3,r; fioanoria Camay Cid Defere;0 Agency Department: of Parks and Deperotrelleell: of Public VVkirks, Hw1 County Department of Water 6200,000 6150,000 $1,600,000 $100,000 $ „4,ouca PittRKS, REC'REAllIONI OR OT111ER TA, PER C,APIIIT,A Pt-1100UA ilt couNTy $20D,000 $1,08 $159,000 6,81 1 185,079 63 008,000 $10.25 165,079 $200,500 $1.08 165,079 Haorari County L),prtreere rine Haiootet Cuunly Police Dobai Mom a Slafe Agenrdf;,,47..: Deparanent al Defense Holman National Guard NeesonuiiI 4Duke le,ware Emergency Management Agency Donartment all ;31 I iral Resources FIEVAKO Department of Heallthi Hawaii Department r4 Transportation $200,000 $200,000 65110,00 $5,000 6300,000 $120,000 $5,000 $.0,100,11.00 $1 ,,408,00 LTOTALS.... 0 U.S. Bill eau of COMMA 2010 State or Tribe laopulationt StatoiMatunrib,a1 Per Capi .a Impact indicator $1,16 Countywide Per Capita Ile pact indicator: $7.68 00,000 $200,000 $1.08 185,079 $200„000 SLOB "I a5,o79 I . $1,000,000 $5,40 $5,00 165,09 $ 185,079 $303,000 $1 62 li85,,1770 $120000 $,65 185,079 65,000 6,03 ' 185,079 B4,000,000 Exhibit E: Maps / Flo and Road Closures aaf\tfEssu�d+sbnm u � cr m Hssu A,� \ i »W: Ilkttakk,.)k ... ��� 1 / illllllZ0w# 'ante 00000 7 r+Varia vMuai6 4 Pvrod'rxvlki s2:rCLn: IOai a;,N:er IKahvalulca �t~'hvwr� II...auudpura (;ti d19,1ri' S ,.iva. TOTAL wmiw„wwrrakaHwa e sarmwm,.-mrw».16 °yary donudSmr ureyW ttr" ."»Wamniuma dundwoomdimo xrvenaatlea 5 We .u..k A_ Y A If"a_""_' a r r 6 Killaunueteca R rw da•:u: q',tlrv'd'7c N ... rii 3Vnk,d um un.rve N. A rvrrnr ue nn:daN RASO ui: pro r a il:V(1 nd really with r^xlrllic @ ,¢¢p9�m e,vmxwV e'a% kofl..[r lim mwr. udt.waraf b rrrtoru:r.u,Mrwaka. ora'w II S..f15."2.018 V (Pata 1 spa:;.. USGS„ �hBu..k �NGr•.. d14 1111 Exhibit F: Photo Chronology Credit: US Geological Survey May 9, 2018 Short-lived explosion at HaIema'urnau crater,8:27 a. .HST 11111111111111 • • • , • ••• „„ „„Iri,r1141",'1 ••,••••••..., • y • • , • • •• , , : 11111111111111111111 ,11111111111111,1111,11,11111111111111111,11111111111111!:uununununulluifinu'„'n:\l''I'' 111 111\11111111111\ 11111111111111i111 Illovonsmoil11111111111111111111111111 onoloolooloolooloolooloolooloolooloolooloolooloonno Ash column rises from the overlook crater at the summit of Kilauea Volcano. HVO's interpretation is that the explosion was triggered by a rockfaii from the steep walls of overlook crater. The photograph was taken at 8:29 a.m. HST from the Jaggar Museum overlook. The 1 explosion was short-lived. Geologists examining the ash deposits on the rim of Halemeuma`u crater found fresh lava fragments hurled from the lava lake. This explosion was not caused by the interaction of the lava lake with the water table. When the ash cleared from the crater about an hour after the explosion, geologists were able to observe the lava Bake surface, which is still above the water table. Left: At 9:53 a.m. HST, severe ground cracks associated with fissure 14 in Leilani Estates. Right: Yellow street lines show the offset of cracks on Leilani Street, Leilani Estates. 2 May 8, 2018 Cracks and fissures in lower East Rift Zone litiPt ,1 1 011 111.111ii111 Left: This morning HVO geologists examined existing ground cracks on and near Highway 130. One crack on Highway 130 widened about 4 cm (1.6 in) in the past 24 hours. This crack located on AIaUi Road. Right: HVO geologist examines a part of the inactive fissure 10 in Leilani Estates. Incandescence in the fissure was observed at a depth of about 1 m (yd). o(4114',,.. Left: At 2:47 p.m. HST, a new fissure (13) erupted across Le.lani Street. View is toward the southwest on Leilani Street near the intersection with Pohoiki Road. Fissure 13 is located between fissures 1 and 6. Right: Preliminary map showing iocation of fissures 13 and 14, prepared by geologists on site in Leilani Estates. Both fissures were briefly active this afternoon. Geologists reported fissure 13 activity had diminished by about 5:00 p.m. HST. May 7, 2018 Kilauea East Rift Zone Eruption—Day 5 N�yw�wNIUVkW",I�INNI'INAim �v, "�IIV�iw9hiii ,VIuIIVIIhwIQIA� " uurj�ai i mhIGYwYwYw�.� Left: At 7:00 a.m. HST, ground cracking extended across Highway 130. USGS-HVO scientists measured the width of the cracks and used a thermal camera to look for heat within the cracks (shown here), but no significant temperature difference was noted. The cracks spanned a 1.1 km stretch of the highway, which was closed to traffic. Right: Cracks in Highway 130 at 9:30 a.m.. HST. Orange paint was used to outline the cracks. The road remained dosed for much of the day. 4 111111111111 11,111111111111V1 At 10:00 a.m,. HST, steam rose from fissure 9 on Moku Street in the Leilani Estates subdivision,. HVO scientists on the scene reported hearing rumbling noises in the area. ...J.1.):11,;!•!),11:11.1^"I'1 ,•':1',,,I,:•1111,...,1,1111lo,4,11 • 1,10•12„,' eft: At 12:20 pm. HST, fissure 12 (shown here) opened shortly after fissure 11 became inactive. Fissure 12 opened in the forest south of Malama Street in Leilani Estates. 5 May 6, 2018 Summit lava lake keeps dropping The summit lava lake has dropped significantly over the past few days, and this evening was roughly 220 m below the crater rim. This very wide-angle camera view captures the entire north portion of the overlook crater. An overflight video from Leilani Estates this afternoon (May 6) showed lava erupting from fissure 8 formed an `a'a flow, which advanced northward about 0.9 km (0.6 miles) by 10:30 a.m. HST. This fissure eruption diminished around 4:00 p.m. HST, but the (lava flow continued to advance slowly for several hours (last report at about 7:00 p.m. HST). 6 1111,p'' 11111,'"' ,111111111.1111 111111111 111''111'111-11.1.1.1.1.1'11'.111''1111111111'1111111111111111111111111',1,,,1,1.,/./..,.,..,;;,.,t;',1:1'1:.•:•.;f1,1,1I'''''11111'1)T11111'1")'11" 11',.....•;11111',..,,',',.,',..i.,,...',.111.,•111,•1111.1.11111111111111111111'.,1',.11111.1'.'11111',-.1.1.:1.,1,..1.1..•';''',1./.1i,..',,,..,1,....11,1„, 11111111 Ilfii1111111(11,1,fi1 11111 iII 'il'.1111111,11111,1111111.111,111.11:11111.11111.,:',1,',4y,,', — At 1:24 p.m. HST, May 6, 2018, USGS scientists monitoring the eruption in Leilani Estates walk past spatter that erupted from fissures 5 and 6 on Leilani Avenue. 11'1, iono111111111111 .,0„1,1111,11111,111111 11111 111 11 ‘1d10,01,1,1,1,11. 11,11 11111 eft A lava flow moves on Makamae Street in Leilani Estates at 9:32 a.m. HST on May 6. Right: As part of their monitoring work, HVO geologists collect samples of spatter for laboratory analysis. Information gained from these samples shed light on what's happening inside [Kilauea Volcano. This photo, taken at 10:35 a.m. HST today, shows fissure 10 near the intersection of Malama and Pomaikai Streets in Leilani Estates. 7 May 5, 2018 View of new fissure from Luana Street nea sure 2 and 7 Leilani Estates A new fissure erupted this evening near fissures 2 and 7, beginning with smatli tlava spattering at about 8:44 p.m. HST, By 9:00 p.m. HST, lava fountains as high as about 70 m (230 ft) were erupting from the fissure. 11111 1110100 ))..) )))))1111,111111111)111))4 )))))))pg)))))1))))))))))))))))))))))))))))u)))1)11111111111111)IIIIIIIIII))))101)1)1)1)1))1„)))1))1))1))1))i) 1 )))))))))))))))))))))1', Fissure 7 began erupting this morning around dawn and was active for several hours. At the peak of its activity, large bubble bursts occurred at one spot (lower left) in the fissure while spattering was present in other portions. A short lava flow erupted from the fissure around 8:00 a.m. HST, moving northeast and crossing Hookupu Street. 9 Thermal ma of fissures and short lava flow, Leilani. Estates U vtldl 1lllll, 201 f 10;4 al tler�rum wt umma r Vd 1,10,00,00, ooloolor 1000010,, ImYi�.1,1 This map overlays a georegistered mosaic of thermal images collected during a helicopter overflight of the fissures in Leilani Estates, Island of Hawai`i, at 10:45 a.m. HST on May 5. The base is a copyrighted satellite image (used with permission) provided by Digital Globe. Temperature in the thermal image is displayed as gray -scale values, with the brightest pixels vindicating! the hottest areas (white shows active breakouts). During the overflight, fissure 7 stands out as the first fissure to produce a small lava flow. When the thermal images were collected, the flow was about 260 m (853 ft) long. The thermal map was constructed by stitching many overlapping oblique thermal images collected by a handheld thermal camera during a helicopter overflight of the flow field. 10 Kilauea Volcano 10 er East Rift Zone e u ion olgiO ffiff ( A 11111010011100011111101011 Left : At 7:45 a.m. HST, today, iava from fissure 7 slowly advanced to the northeast on Hookupu Street in Leilani Estates subdivision on Kilauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. Right: At 12:26 p.m. HST today, a crack opened on Pohoiki Road just east of Leilani Street in the Leilani Estates subdivision. • .. • • •". • A panoramic view of fissure 7 from the ntersection of Leilani and Makamae Streetsin the Leilani Estates subdivision. This photo was taken at 6:01 a.m. HST today. 11 May 4, 2018 New lava fissure on Makamae and ,Vlooloh000loolooloolooloVor eilani Streets in ILeilani Estates subdivision, ' v ,prz/A6' Left: A new lava fissure 2 commenced around 1:00 a.m. HST on Kilauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone on Makamae and Leilani Streets in the Leilani Estates subdivision. Spatter was being thrown roughly 30 m (about 100 ft) high at the time of this photo. Copious amounts of sulfur dioxide gas, which should be avoided, is emitted from active fissures. The eruption is dynamic and changes could occur with little warning. Right: Steaming cracks at 5:57 a.m. HST in Leilani Estates subdivision, moments before fissure 3 opened up on Kaupili Street. , 1111111111111111111111111111111111111 1 1 „„„„„1„„..""„1„,"... eft: Fissure 2 opened around 1:00 a,m, HST on Friday, May 4, with a small area of spattering in a residential driveway. Within an hour the spattering was more vigorous, with spatter reaching about 30 m (100 ft). This spatter was thrown over the power lines and landed on Makamae Street. Right: Fissure 3 opened around 6:00 a.m. HST on Friday, May 4, with weak fuming from a crack on Kaupili Street. This fuming increased, as did rumbling sounds. Eventually spatter was ejected and accumulated around the fissure. Large, loud bubble bursts were common at this fissure. 12 Fissure 3 at LeUani and Kaupili Streets in LeUani Estates subdivision at 8:07 a.m. HST today. Lava on the road was approximately 2 m (about 2 yd) thick, 13 ,vmoviving Left: Fissure 4 opened in a forest area around 10:39 a.m. HST between Kaupili and Mohaia Streets, Right: Steaming cracks on Leilani Street --view is looking uprift. Crack in foreground opened during the 12:33 p.m, HST magnitude -6.9 south flank of Kilauea earthquake. Left: Fissure 5 opened shortly before 12:00 p.m. HST in Leilani Estates subdivision—Leilani Street runs left to right at the bottom of the photo; Kahukai Street is the cross street, Right: Lava from fissure 5 at 12:11 p.m. HST, taken from a similar vantage point as the photo on the left. 14 I iM1(Pli,(1 11 , , 'IlkVilllikOji, , , 1 0 j jj i \ 1) )111111100 1111 10 111 00110111110011001Y111:011001011111111 , 1j1( 01105'0 00 I 0 y,0 11 1 1 ° 1110 \ 00000h0 0 \ 1000011001110111101111101001000000001001100nt°100100001 00000110 1 00 0 11,1 i io 1 loolIIII 11 , 11,1,1111, 1,fli110111[11v,up,o111110111i1/1,1,1,1,1)1)1,11,j11111,11)))',1',1),1,1,1,1,1,1, 1411111111 111 1111111111111111'101„k(1111,1,1,1,1, •",,,,,,,,•„„„,••••.„.."' • ''•.•:•.'; ...0:000:000,1000000000000000100:k°00000.00'0". •: Eruptive area showing recent fissures in Leilani Estates subdivision when photo was taken at 12:07 p.m. HST. Fissure 5 is shown in the forefront. ..„..„,,00,0000000.000000000.0000000100000000000000.000000001,00000.0000000.00000000000,000„,00., Another look at fissure 5. Photo taken at 12:28 p.m. HST. Note the small finger that crossed Leilani Street (bottom right corner). 15 loil!. H1""' 1 111 olooloo0000000000000011 00111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1,1,1111111111,1 111,1vogloon000moililov 1L 111'1'1'1'111111111111, 111111111,111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111if H1111111,,,o ,„, 1111 ;11 At 12:46 p.m. HST, a column of robust, reddish -brown ash plume occurredafter a magnitude - 6.9 south flank of Kilauea earthquake shook the Island of Hawaii. May 3, 2018 Eruption begins on Kilauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone (44,51: Left: An eruption has commenced in the Leilani Estates subdivision in the lower East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano. White, hot vapor and blue fume emanated from an area of cracking in the eastern part of the subdivision. Spatter began erupting shortly before 5:00 p.m. HST. Lava was confirmed at the surface in the eastern end of the subdivision, in the areas of Mohala and Leilani Streets. According to the Hawari County Civil Defense update at 5:40 p.m. HST, all 16 residents in Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens subdivisions are required to evacuate. Right: The opening phases of fissure eruptions are dynamic. Additional vents and new lava outbreaks may occur. The fissure in Leilani Estates (as of 6:00 p.m. HST) was about 150 m (164 yd) long, This photo shows the small fissure that opened in the Leilani Estates subdivision today around 5:00 p.m. HST. The fissure was active until about 6:30 p.m. HST. Areas downslope of the erupting vent are at risk of iava inundation. At this time, the general area of the ILeilani Estates subdivision appears at greatest risk. Hawaii County Civil Defense is on scene and coordinating needed responses, including evacuation of the Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens subdivisions. 17 Residents of he lower Puna District should remain alert, review individual, famUy, and business emergency plans, and watch for further information about the status of the volcano. Ilawail County CMI Defense messages may be found at htto. www.hawaiicoun .iovactive-alerts Dee co a ed crater at Pu'u 1"\45'13; Episode 61g flow field is inactive ,1,r\1111:111111111111111l11ll.11111111l11.11111111111111i1111111111.111111111l1111111ll,''11l'1'111fff!;'1'4'('111:.11:11.'.111111'',\1111\..11'\11:'..II'1..1'112"'.,„'- 1;11.f;;;;,iiiiiii'iiii'1111111111111:1111;ig'"1. • "" i1111 11110 „,. t,1,\\i1011^11\101111111\ )\11i.111111111 1111111111111111111111111 11111111111111 11111111.11, 10000000011 (010100110000 11,11,11r1111111111111111111111111111% 41.1t41.21.J;iii\ 18 After a long period of rain and low clouds, improved weather and high clouds today allowed good airborne observations of the collapsed crater in Pu`u 'CM. This photo shows the deep collapsed crater formed on Monday, April 30, when magma beneath Pu`u 'O'� drained. For scale, the crater is about 250 m (820 ft) wide. 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Right: Another wide view, from the east, showing the dust -rich plume and coating of reddish ash to the south of Pu`u 1111 1'1111111i, "i I 11111 )) )J11)11111 1111111111111111111111111,11,1,1) M111111111pIrma 1111 li I 1 filiM 1 1 htl ' 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111ffi DOR 11 11 MMMMMMil M 1 111 ii 111 11111"14 W01111.1.1111111,111111111111 I , 11111 )1°Ii111111111010 '1101111 nun 1,19, 11)1\ ' hi' II ,OJ \ 1 1 1 4111111h, 4.01111 1111111111111111 III , ill " 11111111111111111111111111111111 0 $ ,11 "t)ii,i 6 • • 'Wet, 1,11111,t011 Left: A view of Pu`u `O'Ci from the east, shortly after a small collapse. The coating of red ash on the south side of the cone (left side of photo) is evident. Right: At 10:31 a.m. HST, while HVO geologists were working on Pu`u '6,15, a magnitude -5.0 earthquake shook the ground around the cone. Moments later, a collapse occurred in the crater of Pu`u `0"(5, creating a robust, reddish -brown ash plume. 19 hl�llifmIII"li��l�l IIIIIIIII II I��IIIY�l11;(,ulluUl11llll1ll(�il 0 ..^.. .. 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Br e 111111110, 11 111,11 (hill 111 ° � iM�lV1��1MUNo111'11 111h �4t At 10:30 a.m. HST, ground shaking from a preliminary magnitude -5.0 earthquake south of Pu'u `g'© caused rockfalls and possibly additional collapse into the Pu'u '©`© Crater on Kilauea Volcano's East Rift Zone. A short-lived plume of ash produced by this event lofted skyward and dissipated as it drifted southwest from Pu'u 'O'©. Downwind areas may have experienced a dusting of ash from this plume. At this time, the 10:30 a.m. HST earthquake has caused no other changes at Kilauea Volcano. HVO will continue to ciosely monitor data for any changes, This image was captured from an. HVO overflight carrying HVO scientists to the East Rift Zone for field work today. USGS photo by Kevan Kamibayashi. 20 May 2, 2018 Several sets of new, small ground cracks observed on roads around Leilani Estates subdivision dfOPIPOlj!""lfjqPg!,illiPf, Ir 1101P01 rt111101 '1'1111' 11°°°°°°°°°1° """1"""1"""" 111111111111il'11111010 1 0 '111 11111111111111111111111111111111111 1 110 01 Puna residents reported the recent appearance of ground cracks on roads in and around Leilani Estates to HVO geologists. No steaming was observed and heat was not originating from the cracks.The cracks are currently still small (no more than several inches across). These cracks result from deformation of the ground surface due to the underlying intrusion of magma. Earthquake activity remains elevated in this area due to the ongoing intrusion. 21 May 1, 2018 Chan ' es on Kilauea Volcano's East Rift Zone Starting at about 2:00 p.m. HST on Monday, April 30, increases in seismicity and ground deformation indicated that a change was underway at Pu'u 'O'6 on Kilauea Volcano's East Rift Zone. Visibility was nearly obscured due to poor weather conditions, but a brief clearing allowed HVO's webcam (POcam) to capture this image of the crater within Pu'u 'O'6 shortly before the crater floor began collapsing. Unfortunately, due to ongoing poor weather, a clear view of the collapsed crater floor has not yet been possible. The Pu'u '0'6 crater floor continued to collapse for several hours yesterday; smaller drops in the crater floor have likely continued through today (May 1) based on thermal images. Left: A new crack 1 km (0.6 mi) long was found on the west (uprift) side of Pu'u '0'6 during HVO's overflight today. The cracking appeared to be nearly continuous en echelon structures that were heavily steaming. A small amount of lava apparently erupted from the crack, based on the presence of nearby tiny pads of lava and spatter, but it was no longer active when HVO geologists saw it during the overflight. This photo of the east, with Pu'u 'O'6 obscured by low clouds in the upper left corner. Right: Telephoto view of a small lava flow (lighter in color) and spatter (blue -gray) that erupted from a section of the crack on the west flank of Pu'u 'O'6. 22 The collapse of the Pu'u '0'o crater floor yesterday (April 30) produced a Targe amount of red ash that was deposited around Pu'u'O'o, as well as blown farther downwind, with a thin dusting of ash reaching uprift as far as Mauna Ulu. This photo, taken between 1-2 km (0.6-1.2 miles) from the 61g vent, shows a layer of red ash on top of active 61g lava flow surface breakouts. 23