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people perhaps in Volcano with South Kona and so forth, which may or may not conform to any sort of geographically perceived regions on the island. And I guess. . . I mean, there' s no obvious solution except that that ' s one of the prices you'd have to pay for a single-member district. VAN DYKE: Maybe I should say, in terms of the mathematics of it , the way the federal courts have said that four congressional districts for the U. S. House of Representatives , the mathematics have to be almost precise, with very little deviation. But for state and local divisions , there is more flexibility, and they have committed in the range of 10-15% deviation, in order to compensate for natural geographic barriers and other logical consideration. Obviously, gerry- mandering isn' t acceptable, but if there is some good reason, they do accept a modest deviation from strict mathematics. (Tape changed; lost some conversation. ) CUSHNIE: . . .because of the (inaudible) Charter , it was brought up last meeting that we have terminology that relies on geographical and terminology that relies on population districting. Remember we pointed that out at the end of each section; there was a difference in. . . VAN DYKE: Boards and commission qualifications . . . CUSHNIE: Boards and commissions? BETHEA: Boards and commissions qualifications. I pointed out that the language was different and that sometimes they referred to geographical areas and at other times they referred with great precision to geographic districts. Now, from my point of view, I haven' t been able to find anybody who knows the difference between an area in a district , and yet there does appear to be two different selection systems. So we' re either gonna have to find out what was intended and clarify it , or make up our own, I think, somewhere along the line. But that was simply for qualifications , as I recall , for commission members. CUSHNIE: You don' t feel that would carry over into our district needs , residential needs for County Council members , if they say they are coming from a specific district and that district is overly representative or overly large? BETHEA: Well , I think what he. . .what Dr. Van Dyke said was that , based on, and if I recall what you said, it was the 1975 decision of the Supreme Court , this system of having district-living-in requirements within that large membership is not unconstitutional , even though the districts. . . the geographic districts aren' t population sensitive. In other 110