Hāmākua Community Development Plan FINAL ONLINE VERSION

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1.3 Glossary of Terms and Acronyms Used 1.3.1 Glossary of Terms Ahupua'a: Hawaiian Land division usually extending from the uplands to the sea. 'Aina: land, earth. Biofuel: A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion. Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. Bluff: A high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face; most bluffs border a river, beach, or other coastal area. Brownfield: Abandoned or underused site where redevelopment or reuse is complicated by the presence or perceived presence of contamination. Capital improvements: Major, nonrecurring expenditure like infrastructure improvements, new buildings, and related land acquisition and planning (see also CIP, below). Cottage Industry: a small-scale industry that can be carried on at home generally by family members using their own equipment. Critical Habitat: According to the US Fish and Wildlife Service: "When a species is proposed for listing as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act (Act), we must consider whether there are areas of habitat we believe are essential to the species' conservation. Those areas may be proposed for designation as "critical habitat. It is a specific geographic area(s) that contains features essentialfor the conservation of a threatened or endangered species and that may require special management and protection. Critical habitat may include an area that is not currently occupied by the species but that will be needed for its recovery." Ecosystem Services: Any positive benefit that wildlife or ecosystems provides to people. The benefits can be direct or indirect — small or large. See also: http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Wildlife-Conservation/Ecosystem-Services.aspx . Endemic Species: A species that is only found in that region and nowhere else in the world. As such, they are of conservation concern because they are not widespread and may be confined to only one or two areas. Extensive Agriculture: A designation of land use that includes lands that are not capable of producing sustained, high agricultural yields without the intensive application of modern farming methods and technologies due to certain physical constraints such as soil composition, slope, machine tillability and climate. Other less intensive agricultural uses such as grazing and pasture may be included in the Extensive Agriculture category. See the General Plan, pages 14-8, and 14-9. General Plan: The policy document for the long range comprehensive development of the County of Hawai'i http://records.co.hawaii.hi.us/WebLink8/DocView.aspx?id=69701&dbid=l . Harden; Hardening: Refers to physically changing infrastructure or structures to make them less susceptible to damage from extreme wind, flooding, or flying debris. Hardening improves the durability and stability of facilities, making them better able to withstand the impacts of hurricanes and other natural events without sustaining major damage or losing functionality. Ho'owaiwai: Wealth. 16