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Home My WebLink AboutCOM 0372.001 2022-2024 HEATHER L. KIMBALL •�c°JAW ��`'+•, . Phone: (808)961-8828 y ��'�'c'�%• (808) 961-8912 COUNCIL CHAIR Agir. Council District 1 (North Hilo, * . _ * Email:heather.kimball@hawaiicounty.gov Hamakua, and portion of Waimea) T•E OF H.4- HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL COUNTY OF HAWAI`I • COITN'I,Y CLERK 25 Aupuni Street, Ste. 1402,Hilo,Hawai`i 96720 COUNTY OF HAWAII RECEIVED Time / 03a.•'...iY DATE: July 31, 2023 Date 202.3 iwL .. TO: Hawai`i County Council Members Lk,#14, , FROM: Heather Kimball, Council Chair Council District 1, County of Hawaii SUBJECT: Presentation material for Greg Asner, PhD relating to study entitled"Coral Reefs Benefit from Reduced Land-Sea Impacts Under Ocean Warming". With apologies; attached please find the content Mr. Asner submitted today for his presentation tomorrow. A link of the material is also included in this communication. https://drive.google.com/file/d/lrGLf9yEcKwyrFPJ-j dyJHRYI0x84XHK/view Should you have any questions regarding this request,please do not hesitate to contact me. Thank you. • HLK:dbk Att. .No.- Y12 . 1 . Comm Ref Tor 9 1 ci2C00 R Hawai i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer _ ;'pat� G 1 2023,, • .,a - x s v v 1,, L t �. I .� fl��•�a... ""��L.� tea? �,� ��. 't n r , - i Aq i T— e: � .,, .. .• -.. .. � � .,„� , ;... � _ _ ,yaw .,,.,- � � -,,_ �, y 1' , 4 • .,,E 1. �.- � w • 4. w v Coral reefs are highly dilv6rse and prod'uc-tive 'ecosystems that . provide coastal protection and food resources, and support important cultural practices ov to local,,ccymmunities. , w " s. .✓ /✓ � �/y��'qr � yam, Jf 111 �/j f y 1 _ - The Problem Y .lt Over 85% of people live within just a few miles ` . . of the ocean in Hawaii Most human activities, development, and Yt� infrastructure are concentrated along the shoreline. K` JW0,�_ a ? p Land-based impacts such as co al run-'c d wastewater pollution combine with sea=baa impacts, such,as overfishing, to disrupt n t ecological processes. • q i t Mew;, v ,.c u�# • 4 y.`,d �.�Y y �.c �. ;i,r�'.a%- F•<a .. i • " yi!.f;. ?�¢': _ e ,t• , r Article Coral reefs benefit from reduced land-sea impacts under ocean warming https://dol.org/10.1038/S4l586-023-06394-w Jamison M.Gove"s',Gareth J.Williams2111,Joey Lecky,Eric Brown",Eric Conklins, Received:21 July 2022 Chelsie Counsell",Gerald Davis',Mary K.Donovan',Kim Falinski',Lindsey Kramer', _________________ ___________ Kelly Kozara,Ning Lilo,Jeffrey A.Maynard",Amanda McCutcheon ,Sheila A.McKennaa, Accepted:30 June 2023 Brian J.Neilson12,Aryan Safaiel',Christopher Teague12,Robert Whittier 14&Gregory P.Asner' 'Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAH),Honolulu,HI,USA,'Sc hoot of Ocean Sciences,Bangor University,Menai Bridge,Anglesey, UK.'Pacific Islands Regional Office,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,Honolulu,HI,USA.4National Park of American Samoa,Pago Pago,American Samoa,USA.'The Nature Conservancy,Honolulu,HI,USA.'Hawai i Pacific University,Honolulu,HI,USA.'Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science,Arizona State University,Tempe,AZ,USA.'Hawai'i Wildlife Fund,Kealakekua,HI,USA.'National Park Service,Pacific Island Network Inventory and Monitoring,Hawai'i National Park,HI,USA.10Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Manoa,Honolulu,HI,USA."SymbioSeas,Carolina Beach,NC,USA.12Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources,Honolulu,HI,USA."Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island,Narragansett,RI,USA.14 Hawai'i Department of Health,Honolulu,HI,USA."These authors contributed equally:Jamison M.Gove,Gareth J.Williams.®e-mail:jamison. gove@noaa.gov;g.j.williams@bangor.ac.uk Mature I www.nature.com 1 The New West HawaN Island Study Our team conducted repeated underwater surveys of corals and reef fish from the same reefs over time. a By re-visiting the same reef t. repeatedly, year after year, we could more precisely detect AWL and document ecosystem change. The Findings �� • Positive trajectory � We foundthaton • 15 • Negative trajectory increasedreefs., coral cover over . 5 .. positive indicator of reef ecosystem health whereas on others, it ! . ■ i • decreased . • -20 fl� Off` �h 4�O O'l O� �g '�� •` '�`Z '�`�' tib` Year 0 a Hawaiian Islands 111 C n____ rrrrrrrr• C Pacific lamCt` tOcean:t n 1111 �r .y '' Study Human Urban Wastewater Nutrient Sediment Peak Wave Region Population Runoff Pollution Loading Input Rainfall Exposure 0 A 4 4 A 4 4 4 b •Upclu Pt. , 10 � 10 Jk 20 20 • • • • 30 30 40.. 40 I E 50 50 • • 60 60 • 7070 , / • • • N \ 0 80'' 80 U 90' 90 ' • • 0 100' 100 Q110 110 1 • • 120 c 120: m 130 w 130-- 140 . 140-11, 150 150— 160- 160, 60 160, 7 170 1701807so IN .190 - 0��0 km 190 South Pt. O �O y0�O�O�O O O �O �O �O O X00�00o O�yO O 6 Or b 6 O lip 101��5 X00 O �O If,16, Number of people Area Total Effluent Total Nitrogen Sediment Rainfall Wave Power (10'within 15 km) (10'm2 ha-1) (10'L ha 1) (kg ha-1) (10'kg ha 1) (10'm'ha-1) (kW m-1) Permanent Reef Survey Locations Year I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I ( Temporal Change A • Pre-disturbance Z) " oti o`5 & & d) oA & oo°j ^ 'N �� `5 �a ^`- �6 " �P �° O Response to 2015 Marine Heatwave �O �O �O �O �O ry0 ry0 1O 1O 1O 20 v0 IO 10 v0 IO IO If' 10 IO Decrease Increase Four years post-disturbance I IL rLL Permanent Reef Survey Data Availability Pre-disturbance Disturbance Post-disturbance The Findings Reefs with more abundant herbivore fish had a positive trajectory. Reefs with more land-based pollutants had a negative trajectory. 2Q •Positive trajectory � 15 •Negative trajectory • • 400 . m s _a -- 100 •- --�=---_�"---• - - --- --- 80 • - � 20 �� t tioo� boa ti000 ryo� tioo^ tioo� tioog ryo�o tio,� do^ry tio1� ryo,�a � Year j � h i31 Q) 40 Z fi 60 80 Our Climate is Changing Ocean temperatures are increasing i i• � r Marine Heatwaves are becoming stronger and more frequent a o w Annual rainfall is decreasing, but peak events are increasing • When in rains, it pours "Wig, oo Then, an unprecedented event in 2015 29 Hawaiian Islands Monthly Sea Surface Temperature 28,5 2015 Marine Heatwave 28 27.5 27 U � 26.5 26 — N CL E 25.5 c 25 W N 0 24.5 24 23.5 1900-2020 average 23 --- 90th& 10th percentile 22.5 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year Warmest ocean temperatures observed in at least 120 years Outcome of the 2015 Marine Heatwave • Max coral loss of 49% cover • A quarter of reefs had >20% coral mortality BUT....coral cover showed minimal change or increased at 20% of reefs man Why the divergent ecological response if all reefs experienced similar levels of extreme heat stress? Gove et al.,in review Outcome of the 2015 Marine Heatwave Reefs with increased fish populations AND the lowest levels of land-based pollutants had reduced coral loss . � during the marine heatwave. g AOL ALP 77 , ..,. � w ry 4 iY tis » ^ al r - rn" t 7 I f 1 I r l s, Fishing rules aim to bring back declining reef fish Residents ask for rules to distinguish between commercial, si s traditional fishing UH faculty, alumni support public Ah Ah education campaign to protect ` herbivore fishes, coral reefs J�IyP?:U?3 BbaAMHST ih IlIlk A k .. _ ' s : . xusleniolhl9nn�d� r A /�f�. For generations of Hawaiians,pono has been thelit - - -- practice of livingin balance.And with HawaiTs I" _ 6e cnu+�ht m i Spon c to d�Ifning reef hsh E�opula(ions.Photo coai(esy D7NR coral reefs severely threatened due to various human activities,understanding our role in the fragile balance of our reef's ecosystem has never been more critical.We believe if we live this Ha wO# � � A male 13u11eMead Parrotllsh,or uhu,cleans algae(ram dead coral.(Photo credie JaM Division of Aquatic Resources OSDS DENSITY OSDS EFFLUENT OSDS NITROGEN FLUX 20172017 2017 #)km2 t' gallyrlkm2 lbs/yr/km2 max:818 max:63 milfic^ � max:49,606 400 yr 11 million k5,000 7 r i 200 5.5 million Of -2,500 _ o *"�# , >a ->o a groundwater 1 year travel time • • • to coast ° „•""^ tom, 'P""'�'`k f. +'}'TM�, f , N o s 10 km w T 5 10 SDS ® t. K "• o damaged by J 7.20 Iwdhin 11 year time of travel) (within 1 year time of travel) 400 (with al year time o t Flux Drain Field I Coastalecosystems pollutions 7.000 Annual Number at OSDS se0 Annual OSDS Effluent qD An�11,in 1 year time of travel) ® ® ® Perforated Pipes& y — GravelTrenches Ji 580e — - CESSPOOL �' �„'••�� 06,600 _ :L: 66.4001 Partial treatment 6 20 of sewage in soil Q Groundwater carries 6.060 _ \ sewage pollution to 5za R3 surface waters 5.609 506 a ..... 480 j lr. _... 2004 2008 2012 2016 2000 2064 2008 2012 2D16 x'100 2D64 2008 2012 2016 Year I Year Year The Critical Case in Point Miloli`i CBSFA South Kona and northern Ka`u Papa Paku'iku'i Rest Area x 1 Miloli'i z0^0ro'W Honomalino 4 a Kapua r Manuka 0 10 20 30 40 50 km �. Kauna Point Houses in Milolii Subdivision 200- 180- 160- 140— (n 00180160140 120- 0 2 ° 100 a� E Z 80— 60- 40- 20- 0 04020a 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Year The Challenge • We always say that land-sea connections are deeply rooted in Hawaiian resource management �. practices. But our centralized governance 4 means most terrestrial- and ocean management efforts remain siloed. g We must aggressively pursue work µ across jurisdictions as well as work s ` 4 within jurisdictions in support of ry another jurisdiction. R w a -, . Our findings srongly .� support the need for } .� fy - reintegrating both land and wPA g g sea in coastal management,, akin to long-standing µ Indigenous stewardship of island ecosystems. I `Ako`ako`a Reef Restoration Program Serving Hawaii Island and Coastal Reef Communities Worldwide MF w 1..f P2 M '4 it Intersect cultural leadership, community engagement, government collaboration, education, and science to improve coral reef resilience on Hawaii Island, as a scalable and sharable model for global coastal communities.