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Home My WebLink AboutCOM 0515.001 2022-2024REBECCA VILLEGAS Council Member District 7, Central Kona DATE: TO FROM: SUBJECT: Phone: (808) 323-4267 Fax: (808) 329-4786 Email:Rebecca.villegas@hawaiicounty.gov HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL County of Hawai `i West Hawai `i Civic Center, Bldg. A 74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Hwy. Kailua-Kona, Hawai'i 96740 October 17, 2023 Heather L. Kimball, Council Chair; and Members of the Hawaii Council Rebecca as Ville XI-Ae g District 7 Council Member PowerPoint Presentation by Mike Ewall, Beyond Burning Strategies for Waste, Energies and Justice We respectfully request approximately 30 minutes for presentations by the Mike Ewall, national expert on energy and waste issues A portion will be for questions and answers. The purpose of the presentations is to increase awareness among the Council members about the impacts of waste incineration, the hazards, and alternatives. Please place this item on today's CRCOC committee to accompany Comm. 515. Apologies for the late request and thank you for your consideration. RV/ca Serving the Interests of the People of Our Island Hawaii County Is an Equal Opportunity Provider And Employer Comm. N V Ref. To: Ref. Date OCT STRATEGIES FOR WASTE, ENERGY & JUSTICE Mike Ewall, Esq. October 17, 2023 Sponsored by Kokua na Aina and Hawaii Clean Power Task Force Clean Energy and Zero Waste Solutions for Hawaii County 1�9 S-�� ♦N4 w4 wN S ZERO ^® WASTE CU B � r E9 11rN04 oAqppoll I'M NOT TRASH. What is Clean Energy? • Conservation • Efficiency — Including closed-loop geothermal • Solar • Wind • Ocean -based 1i • Energy storage 0 No combustion necesZ)d1 y — Electrify transportation and heating sectors as much as possible What is NOT Clean Energy? • Nuclear • Combustion sources — Fossil fuels —Biomass /biofuels — Waste incineration — Landfill gas — Anaerobic digester gas • Open -loop geothermal • Hydroelectric dams (with exceptions for side -of -river types) 9 Hydrogen Dec 2021 study by Stanford University: Hawaii can go 100% clean energy • No fossil fuels, biomass, nuclear, or carbon capture needed. • Covers electricity, transportation, and heating needs. • Keeps the grid stable 100% of the time. [During cold storms, winds are stronger. Wind & solar are complementary.] • Creates 16,500 more long-term, full-time jobs than lost. • Saves 140 lives from air pollution per year in 2050 in Hawaii. • Eliminates 22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year in 2050. • Reduces energy demand by 62% by 2050. • Reduces 2050 energy costs by 79%. • Reduces annual energy, health, plus climate costs by 90%. • Upfront costs are paid back through energy sales. • Requires 0.29% of Hawaii land for footprint, 0.85% for spacing. Source: http://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/Jacobson/Articles/I/21-USStates-PDFs/21-WWS-Hawaii.pdf $9,000 $8,000 $7,000 $6,000 $5,000 $4,000 $3,000 $2,000 $1,000 30 -year Power Plan Cost per kilowatt (kW) Energy Information Administration (2019) °1 °1 z �0 Cj J��G row owe; ,5ro �a a° 5 Q le ■Cost to Build (2019 $/kW) ■ Fixed Cost to Operate and Maintain (2019 $/kW) over 30 years Source: www.eia. ova /analysis/studies/powerplants/capitalcost/pdf/capital cost AE02020.pdf $7.00 $6.00 $5.00 $4.00 $3.00 $2.00 $1.00 Variable O&M Cost ($/MWh) et tee` \e` °�a �r° -4 0 ° a�0 a�� ,0 4b `at Source: www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/powerplants/capitalcost/pdf/capital cost AE02020.pdf Biomass Incineration Hu Honua now... • illegal under state climate law (HRS §225P-5) • rejected by PUC, and rejection affirmed by HI Supreme Court Hydrogen production from biomass burning will still violate state law Science shows biomass burning is NOT carbon neutral. EPA data shows CO2 emissions 50% worse than coal per unit of energy. Biomass Incineration Hu Honua would burn Eucalyptus... 5 acres/day for 7 years ...once the trees are gone (with no plans to replant), will they turn to waste burning? Hydrogen Cannot mine or drill for hydrogen. Must strip it from hydrocarbons or water. The only "green" way to make hydrogen is using wind and solar to split water with electrolysis. Hydrogen from hydrocarbons (such as trees or methane) requires extraction and pollution. Hydrogen storage and transportation is risky. 50-80% of the energy is lost in the process of making, then burning hydrogen. Makes no sense to waste clean energy when it can be used immediately to offset combustion -based power. Environment . Hawai`i e ,x.nd,l� xru,4u.. :ff W , YUMMETEARTH Brittany Zimmerman Sells Her Vision To 31 Hawaii County — But Is It For Real? • Pyrolysis / "biochar" • Hydrogen • Making concrete from waste... www.environment-hawaii.org/?p=15279 YUMMETEARTH w x i yv ✓' Journal of Hazardous Materials Volurne 403, 5 February 2021, 123833 THE DARK SIDE OF BLACK GOLD: Ecotoxicological aspects of biochar and biochar-amended soils Pauhna Godlewska °, Yong Sik Ok b, Patryk Oleszczuk ° ° a Environmental Chemistry Letters (2023) 21:2225-2249 https://doi.org/10.1007/sIO311-023-01600-7 REVIEW ARTICLE Tested biochars did not meet European standards for zinc and lead Dioxins and furans in biochars, hydrochars and torreficates produced by thermochemical conversion of biomass: a review Lukasz sobol' 0 • Arkadiusz Dyjakon' • Karel Soukup' Received: 26 March 2023 / Accepted: 12 April 2023 / Published online: 21 April 2023 The Author(s) 2023 "persistent organic pollutants present in chars, such as toxic PCDD/Fs, can significantly reduce the effectiveness of chars, questioning their safety and environmental neutrality" AS 0 L U T 1 0 N S YUMMETEARTH COUNTY OF HAWAII •' STATE OF HAWAII RESOLUTION NO. A RESOLUTION REAFFIRMING THE COUNTY OF HAWAPI'S COMMITMENT TO DIVERTING ON -ISLAND WASTE TO SUSTAINABLY PROCESS CA RBON- NEGATIVE CEMENT, BIOCHAR, GREEN HYDROGEN, AND RECLAIMED WATER TO HELP ACHIEVE ITS GOALS RELATED TO CLIMATE RESILIENCY, RENEWABLE ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE AG k I CI ILTURE, AND ZERO WASTE. BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWA1`I that the County will work to divert, as appropriate, all municipal solid waste, including but not limited to. green waste, metals, plastics, paper, paperboard, and glass by 2026 to an on -island site that wi 11 sustainably process the waste into carbon -negative cement:, biochar, green hydrogen, and reclaimed water to help achieve Hawaii County's goals related to climate resiliency, renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and zero waste. NVASTEC Technologies and Risk Source: Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. August 2012 Alternative Risks/Liability Risk Summary Mass BurnfWaterWall Proven commerctal technology Very Lour Mass Burn/Modular Proven commercial technology Lov: RDF1 Dedicated Boiler Proven commercial technology Lov: RDF/Fluid Bed Proven technology; limited U.S ",1c�derate to Low commercial experience Anaerobic Digestion Proven technology; limited U.S. commercial experience Moderate to Low Previous large failures: No large-scale Mixed -Waste commercially viable plants in Moderate to high Composting operation; subject to scale -up issues Previous failures at scale, uncertain commercial potential: no Pyrolysis operating experience with large - High scale operations Limited operating experience at only Gasification small scale; subject to scale -up High Issues Chemical Technology under development; not a Decompositioiil commercial option at this time High Depolyrnerization 4 Landfillspace on BigIsland What to do with South Hilo Sanitary Landfill? How long do we have? What to do with terrible put -or -pay contract? Burn and return? Burn here?? WEST 1PHAWAi1 SANITARY.-ILANDF It 1 OwNd vr. sows Cu"', . Caw. sal, vw"w 1�+.► Y! 1 f of ft"" +�. +r� SII► AN! � �. r. � � *Olin* Islin NQ TRESPASSING . l".MM G P'AQ+ tED OSECMD What to do? September 2023 poll (900 Hawaii County residents): 30% all of the above 18% expand recycling 13% expand landfill 9% offer curbside pickup of trash and recycling 7% ban single -use plastics 5% none of the above 4% ban recyclables from landfill 4% require large companies and organizations to recycle 2% close the landfill and find a new space 2% ban green waste from the landfill What is Zero Waste? "The conservation of all resources by means of responsible production, consumption, reuse, and recovery of all products, packaging, and materials, without burning them, and without discharges to land, water, or air that threaten the environment or human health." Source: Zero Waste International Alliance, www.zwia.orjz If you're not for Zero Waste, how much waste are you for? Zero Waste means ZERO incineration and at least 90% diversion from landfills and other forms of destructive disposal. The goal is to get as close to zero as possible, without getting caught up on the impossibility of actually hitting zero. "Zero waste" is like "zero drug tolerance" or "zero accidents in the workplace" standards. Zero is the goal, and the right policies will get you as close as you can get. RETHINK/REDESIGN REDUCE REUSE RECYCLE/COMPOST MATERIAL RECOVERY RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT (Biological treatment and stabilized landfilling) UNACCEPTABLE (Waste deregulation, incineration, and "waste -to -energy") THE ZERO WASTE HIERARCHY Source: Zero Waste international Alliance, www.zwia.org/zwh Zero Waste Jobs in Deconstruction Deconstruction Crew, Second Chance, Baltimore, MD. Photo Credit: C. Seldman Job Creation: Reuse & Recycling Versus Disposal in the United States Type of Operation gobs Per 10,000 Tons per Year Product Reuse Computer Reuse 298 Textile Reclamation 85 Misc. Durables Reuse 82 Wooden Pallet Repair 28 Recycling -Based Manufacturers 2�:, Paper Mills 18 Glass Product Manufacturers 28 Plastic Product Manufacturers 93 Conventional MRFs"" 10 Composting 4 Incineration 1 Landfilling 1 Pay as You Throw: Waste Reduction of 44% on Average SMART / `Unit Based Pricing' is a science. The data spans over decades across hundreds of municipalities with diverse demographics. WATERVILLE ME WEEKLY SOLID WASTE TONNAGE DARTMOUTH, MASS., SOLID WASTE VOLUME, FY2006 - FY2013 loo c 90 Trash Metering 10,000 •` Trash Metering Adopted 80 Adopted 8,000 70 g � 6,000 50 8 � o 40 3 "000 30 3 20 2,000 10 I 0 0 Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov D« Jan Feb FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 ,,, , Wr .IIP D-, —, of Pvbl,, Wod WATERVILLE, ME DARTMOUTH, MA 53% DECLINE IN WASTE 59% DECLINE IN WASTE NATICK, MASS., SOLID WASTE TONNAGE, FYI 998 - FY2013 SANFORD, MAINE, SOLID WASTE VOLUME, 2010 - 2014 140 10,000 ♦— Trash Metering Adopted 9,000 120 08' 8,000 too `o = 7,000 a 6,000 3 3 e0 5,000 60 4,000 FY1998 FY2000 FY2D02 FY2004 FY2006 FY2008 FY2010 FY2012 40 Source. Nofick Department of Public Works NATICK, MA 35% DECLINE IN WASTE 2u 2013 SANFORD, ME 40%+ DECLINE IN WASTE... TWICE Expected Waste Shift from Pay as You Throw (a.k.a. SMART) Overall waste generation is expected to decrease by about 210/0 due to source reduction and reuse. 600,000 500,000 400,000 c 0 F" 300,000 0 c 200,000 100,000 0 Current Projected Waste Stream Shift with SMART Projected With SMART Prepared by WasteZero. Inc. for the CT Dept. of Energy & Environmental Protection. 2019 _ Successfully Implementing Pay as You Throw 1) Make visible how people are already paying for waste system (pull it out of property taxes). Show how this enables people to control how much they pay. 2) Address the real causes of illegal dumping: ✓ Offer bulk collection for mattresses, tires, furniture... ✓ Address construction and demolition waste COUNTY OF HAWAII s.:.. ai •(AR J11lT� �Wl rnJWE)D :Y10t KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS TA% MAP NEYAARCEI b 11lK PllplRTT IAa ON1110R r �. .., .'-� �.... ., ... YEAR AU►Uw CEMTEK dWVRTANT IWORMATION ON RSYERSE FOE - 161 PA". STREET SATE 1 KLINK READ IT CAWYSLY. -- Rao, w MT701i7! L7:IO S1 BREM[OOWN OF TOTAL DUE: TELEPHONE IM)"lam QL%ft FAnKhL1E M6LT6641 1 TOREalOKTTAM Mi I� Il111OD to OL40►T6 lu AN0.0f WICTOR OF FINANCE lit I'll 11-1 TO ! ewl O BOTTOM ENCLOSE6" PORTION AND KEEP uPIFR FO _ I: 11.!A.:•. I t ,r,n wl...... ;.,il 6ECry0lWONMM IMCd�S SfONYMN6MOIk 000 000 6APTo 017111E P.M= 10 THEWU1f001 532 73 70062 07!767007 HNNY REAL Fl10AERiY TAR 01114102, TA% MAP NEYAARCEI b DUE DATE YEAR 8 YEAR DUE NM OUE t 1.1 1 1.11 1r1 11 1I~ 06?1fI000 1.1W BE � 1Og16J ISYS 70 L7:IO S1 BREM[OOWN OF TOTAL DUE: Il111OD to OL40►T6 lu AN0.0f PENAL71 INTE ' oTH6R 101. 70061 0681 X7006 532 32 000 000 000 532 73 70062 07!767007 532 71 000 000 000 53231 2005.1 011,224M76600 pel 5170 000 x7619 2006: 022112M 78809 >e e1 2561 000 ' 0281 20042 02,22,20051612E 1612 I 75.66 000 I � 2752, H-POWER Trash Incinerator on Oahu 3,000 tons of trash per day Owned by County; Operated by Covanta Ship trash to Oahu to burn? — Expensive — Environmental racism — City and County of Honolulu prohibits out -of -county trash — Two of three burners at H -POWER are 34 years old and missing half of their pollution controls — The two old burners could close in next 5-10 years, leaving no space for Big Island trash Incineration Number of times trash incineration Worse than Coal is more polluting than coal 30 Dioxins /furans (28x) Hydrochloric Acid (27x) Lead (6x) 20 Mercury (5x) Nitrogen Oxides (3x) Carbon Dioxide (1.65x) 10 Carbon Monoxide (same) ------- ...exceptions... ------- Fine Particulate Matter (.53x)° Sulfur Dioxide (0.36x) M Tr-nck Inrinnr-mfnrc = ('n -ml HCI Lead Mercury NOx CO2 CO www.beyondburninq.org/incineration/worsethancoal ,rator A A }� 6 18/09/2003 :12[•111111 lie MT .'MINM111:4Vailto S � y �rtYy .-k��sj_ 1 .?rti 1 �, y� � `• �..'y ,p ::"-l�l►i'• Ir o f r.I• — �� iii -r ftA h y♦ �:. ashy: F i ...r�_�i 1 -Tir I!� 7 �TiT C'• t 0 h'P�';WrxW cul Delaware County, Pennsylvania Municipal Waste Management Plan 2023-2033 Office of Sustainability Pre -Circulation Draft June 2023 "-N DEELLCCOO $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 ► 11 $50 $0 Health & Environmental Impacts per Ton of Waste Disposed at Covanta Delaware Valley Incinerator vs. Rolling Hills Landfill Direct impacts $337 Covanta Delaware Valley Incinerator (no offsets) Impacts after subtracting displaced natural gas power and metals recycling $234 Covanta Delaware Valley Incinerator (offsets) Uelco Municipalities pay around $93/ton to dispose Of trash, but these externalized health and environmental costs are on top of that amount, and are far higher when incinerating trash and landfilling ash, than when directly landfilling trash $144 Roll ing H ilIs Landfill ■ Climate ■ Particulate Matter ■ Toxics ill Eutrophication tt Smog formation ■ Three other impacts" * Acidification, ecosystems toxicity, and ozone depletion Parametrix h W(„',Ii f kINC, _ P1 ANN IN(; ENV 'IMNWNIAI ,,( IFNt F, 719 2ND AVENUE, SUITE 200 1 SEATTLE, WA 98104 1 P 206.394.3700 TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM DATE: February 20, 2023 TO: Craig Kawaguchi, County of Hawai'i FROM: Katheryn Seckel, Environmental Planner, and Asa Reyes -Chavez, EIT, Parametrix SUBJECT: Life Cycle Assessment Technical Memorandum CC: Michael Rivera Michael Kaha Dwight Miller, PE, Parametrix Dr. Jeffery Morris, Sound Resource Management Group, Inc. PROJECT NUMBER: 553-7041-001 PROJECT NAME: Countyof Hawai'i Integrated Solid Waste Management System Life Cycle Assessment EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the 2019 Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (ISWMP) Hawai'i County established "goals that are expressed and measured in terms of environmental impacts (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions, toxicity, energy use) and consider full life cycle impacts in addition to tonnage -based landfill diversion or waste recovery goals.” Accordingly, this life cycle assessment (LCA) is intended to help the County SWD measure environmental impacts associated with the end -of -life management of specific commodities that are currently disposed in the landfill or shipped out of the County to be recycled. The LCA considered three end -of -life scenarios for source -separated recyclables: 1) in -county landfilling, 2) out -of -county transport and recycling of diverted materials, and 3) out -of - county transport of burnable commodities and energy production at the H -Power waste -to -energy plant on Oahu. It is important to emphasize that this is only considering readily recyclable materials with proven commodity markets. The West Hawaii Landfill is a modern, well operated, and environmentally sound facility that provides effective and efficient disposal for those materials that cannot currently be cost-effectively diverted from disposal. Summary of County Study of what to do with paper and plastics Recycling =Best Landfilling = Bad Incineration = Worse Figure 5: Total Economic Value of LCA Benefits/(Harms) Per Ton for 3 Waste Management Methods for Four Materials with Solar Power as Offset for WTE Power OVERALL EEV BENEFIT/(HARM) SCORES FOR 9 HUMAN & ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS (SOLAR POWER OFFSET FOR WTE) $800 $700 $649 $656 5600 0 Recycle 0 Bury 0 Burn $500 $449 $434 $400 $300 To aM+ $200 ro a+ $300 d E S $0 c ($100) m 2.11 ($200) ($300) ($322) a ($400) ($344) ($SOO) ($442) ($494) ($6001 ($70O) Office Paper Mixed Paper HDPE Pla4tic92) PP Plast�cs92) Sound Resource Management Group, Inc. 20 December 15, 2022 Zero Waste Solutions 1. Prohibit incineration and related risky technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, waste -to -fuels schemes) — Halt the RFP for new waste disposal options until community can vet the RFI proposals and give more input on RFP criteria — Ban burning of biomass or waste in the county or export of waste for incineration 2. Forbid importation of out -of -county waste 3. Implement "Pay as You Throw" at transfer stations, with enforcement staff; require it in licensing of private haulers — First make cost of waste system visible first — Illegal dumping: address bulk collection and construction/demolition waste 4. Require business and residential recycling and composting 5. Ban single use plastics, replace "compostable" plastics with reusables 6. Mandate deconstruction and use of recovered building materials in new construction 7. Establish food waste composting facilities and drop off sites STRATEGIES FOR WASTE, ENERGY JUSTICE Mike Ewall, Esq. 215-436-9511 mike@beyondburning.org