HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0664.000 1998-2000 ~7e 1 17rwy, Ka,-.
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Stephen K. Yamashiro ;,i : 1, ~ ~ Richard Wurdeman
Ma7cr - / ~ ~
~l J ~ Corporation Covnrd
o~ •r'
l'.:IIIITTf~1 IJ~ ~~~If11~ItT
OFFICE OF THE CORPORATION COUNSEL
101 Aupuni Street, Suiie 325 Hilo, Ha»•aii 9G.?0-~2b2 (808) 961$251 Fa: (808) 9b9-iQ19
;stay 31, 1995
The E?onorable Elroy T. L. Osorio
i~ECE1VElD ` -
Chairperson -
Ha~~-aii County Council ;rnn...____ By -
2S .~~!puni Street ; ~~ts....__._---~~~-!a_1.~--- -
iiiic, 1-fawaii 96720 ~ -~x+~t;~ :~~'~cil
(_~!~airperson Ororio:
RE: Violation of "Sunshine La~~•."
Flease be advised that I have been informed that you, Council member Childs and Ray may have
violated Chapter 92, of the Hawaii Revised Statutes also known as the "Sunshine Law." The allegation
is that the three of you met to discuss information directly related to the merits of Resolution 101-95
relating to the Kealakehe Golf Course, Bill 1'Io. 41 and Bill No. 80, all of which are on the Council's
agenda for June 1, 1995. The charge includes meetings with the other council members, to caucus and/or
solicit votes, question and answer sessions with county and state officials to support respective positions
on matters on the Council's agenda.
As you know, a violation of the "Sunshine Law" is a full misdemeanor, punishable by up to a $2,000
fine and one year in jaii. Accordingly, [ resper_tfult}' suggest that you discontinue any further meetings
for similar tvp~s of discussions. Additionally, in anticipation of a criminal investigation, I respectfully
request an oppar;unity tc re:~iew an;~ ^otes, memos, minutes, or other records of these types of meetings
which may hive been held in the past. I also would like a list from you ho~v many of these types of
meetings were neld, who ~'as at these meetings, the dates of those meetings, who may know anything
about then= meetings and what ~~as discussed.
~':.^.^:;:7511"...vu : :~:iiiit ifGiu iiic iii:iii5nitui). i ica~c tcCi ifCC lU CUnIaG.-l yQUC U~V71 ~flVa~.C alt;ittw
Y 1- b '
in this regard as our office is unable to represent you in a criminal action.
Thank you for your kind attention to this mattel•.
Respectfully,
~
/ /
ed~ . Ho
iG
Assistant Corporation C unsel
cc: Council c,~r*~ber Childs r
Council member Ray , , ~
(o~~ ~ L
Comm. No.
File No. Ci~ ~
Ref. To: COUNC (L
Ref. Date FEB 1 5 2000
ADDRESS NEPLY TO CAULE ADDRf_55
I a
tf~RMY Gk:N EDAL OF IIA WAII" 4~ ATTGEN
I ANU REEER TO ~ ~u ~yN~ 4~it~
IA LS ANU NUMOER A • ~~I '
6 a
~ RONA LII v AMCMIYA
AYT OIINI ! t:1 NERAL
pp.~ No. 75-11
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
STATE CAPITOL
4TH FLOOR _
HOnOLULU. HAWAII 96813
September 30, 1975
Dr. Richard Ando
Chairman, Board of Education
Y. G. rio:c 2:160
Honolulu, Hawaii 96804
Dear Dr. Ando:
At a meeting of the Board of Education held
on SeptE~mber 25, 1975, you verbally requested our
opinion on the following questions.
Can an executive meeting, closed to the
public, be held where the sole purpose of
said meeting is to de~Telop general employment
criteria to be used in reviewing applicants
for job of Superintendent of Education and
an evaluation system to apply to future
Superintendents, and where there may dis-
cussions concerning past Superintendents
during the course of the r~eetirg .
We answer in the negative.
We understand the facts to be as follows:
l T}+at (•~rnm~ +-Ven }L.` T.TI,...l n h lJa..••
charged wit~l tre responsibility of screening applicants
for the job of_ Superintendent of Education and making
a recommendation to the Board of Education.
2. That in discharging this function the
Committee desires to hold an executive meeting for the
purpose of (a) developing general ernploymei,t criteria
to be applicable to all who apply for the job of
Superintendent and (b) developing an evaluation system
Op. No. 75-11
Ur. Richard Ando -2- September 30, 1975
. to more efficiently evaluate the performance of the future
Superintendents.
3. That incidental to the purpose of said
executive meeting the Committee may discuss the performance
of past Superintendents.
Section 92-1(2), HRS, as enacted by Act 166
(hereinafter the Act) provides as f_oliocas
The provisions requiring open meetings
shall be liberally construed .
Section 92-1 (3) provides that
The provisions providing for exceptions
to the open meeting recuirement shall be
strictly construed against closed meetings.
(Emphasis added.)
Hence, if an executi-re meeting of the Committee
is to be closed to the public, specif is exceptions to the
open meeting requirement of the Act must be found, and in
reading ary exception proviso, it must be strictly
construed.
The specific exceptions to the open meeting
requirements of the Act (the requirement of open meetings
is found in section 92-3) is in section 92-5 which
provides as follows:
Sec . 92-~ ::xce~tior.s . (a) A board :«ay
hold a meeting closed to the public pursuant
Lo section 92-4 for one or more of the follow-
i r_n p~~_poses .
(1) To consider the hire, evaluation,
dismissal, or discipline of an
officer or employee or of charges
brought against him, where ccn-
sideration of matters affecting
privac}- will be involved; provided,
that if the individual concerned
requests an open meeting, an open
meeting shall be held; .
i
Op. No. 75-11
Dr. Richard Ando -3- Se; _ -amber 30, 1975
1
(2) To deliberate concerning the
of persons designated by the _ ` horit:/
~ conduct labor negotiations or ~ =='rd to
negotiate the acquisition. of ~ _ ---,lic
property, or during the conduc of
j such negotiations;
(3) To consult with the board's a__ _ y,
ne
To investigate proceedings re__= 3in
~ i a - g
cr i:.«na~ ~
:iscor.3uc ar.~
(5) To consider sensitive matters gated
to public safety or security.
(Emphasis added.)
In the situation confronted herein, the only ,
exception is 92-5 (1) relating to the hire, e~r~__`_-~°ib1F;
dismissal, or discipline of an officer or. emp_ ; =..;.atior~,
are of the opinion however that this proviso _ _ - 'ee • vie
s no t
allow the Committee, under the facts presente.. ~ y,o
hold an executive session closed to the publ=;_ ==ore,
believe that 92-5 (1} provides for a closed e~i<< 6ae
meeting only where the primary purpose of. the -=-'rive
is to consider the hire, evaluation, dismissa'_ =°-tin~;
d_is-
cipline of a specific individual , i . e . , the h__. o~ a
I specific applicant for the office of Superint"_`~nt o`:
~ Education.
We base this conclusion on the word,__ _ of
92-5 (1) which is replete with references to a~ __~__~ns
concerning an individual and therefore, in ou_
clearly manifests a legislative intent that e`..~~tive
~ sessions be held only where the primary purpo~,„ ~
L
meeting concerns the hire, evaluation, dismis_„__ ort
discipline of that individual. We note, for
the phrases "of an officer or employee," "of c>~,`~~-ges~
brought acrainst hi_m," if the individual
~ -~ncer:,~ d
requests an open meeting We further i,, Vp tha''
# dismissal and disciplinary actions are taken a,,•,__
! specific individuals. aga:,-st
The sole purpose of the executive se:,,=__
~ here is to develop general employment guideline„=~~n
• ~ - _ p • Nn . _ 11
Dr. Richard Ando -4- September 30, 1975
which will be used in considering the qualification of
all applicants, and to develop an evaluation system
applicable to a new Superintendent. While the performance
of past Superintendents will be discussed, the primary
purpose of the executive session is not to consider the
hire of a specific applicant for the job of Superintendent
and any discussion concerning an individual is only
incidentally related to the above-stated primary purpose.
In short, we are of the opinion that the Com-
mittee of the Whole cannot hold an executive session
closed to the public where the sole purpose of the
meeting is to develop employment criteria and an
evaluation system applicable in the future because
said meeting does not fall within the parameter of
section 92-5 (1) .
If we can be of further assistance to you,
please do not hesitate to contact us. '
Very truly yours,
Y
RANDALL Y. IWASE
Deputy Attorney General
APPROVED:
RONALD Y. AM IYA
Attorney General
Op. No. 75-I1
4A O• M.
4' ~ 1.0. ~ 7
• \ i
6EOR6E R. ARIYOSHI
• ( i.; ? MICHAEL A. LILLY
GOVERNOR ~ ATTpRNEr GENERAL
p.~ ~
CORINNE K.A. WATANABE
STATE OF HAWAII Flat oE"uTr •*r~»E• GENERAL
DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
STATE CAPITOL
14b HONOLULU. HAWAII 96dt3
Op . NO . 8 5- 2 ceoel s.e-a.o t< ~ j
February 4 , 19 8 5
'y;
E8 M' 1~^~G-r
J
Ms . Jean Williams C~~`J1T''~'~~
Executive Secretary ~ ~~?fl~
Hawaii State Commission on the
StaLUS of women
Department of Social Services and Housing
Liliuokalani Building
2390 Miller Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
Dear Ms. Williams:
Re: Agenda and Minutes of Hawaii
State Commission on the Status of Women
By memorandum to the Attorney General dated June 18, 1984,
you inquired whether your public meeting agendas are too
general. You enclosed several recent Commission agendas for our
review. These exemplar agendas consist of categories such as
"Unfinished Business" and "New Business," without further
specification as to subject matter.
In the same memorandum, you also asked whether the
Commission has the responsibility to provide its meeting minutes
to members of the public on request.
We respond to both questions in the affirmative.
With regard to your first question, we note initially that
the State Commission on the Status of Women is a state agency.
State agency meetings are governed by chapter 92 (entitled
"Public Agency Meetings and Records"), part I (entitled
"Meetings"), Hawaii Revised Statutes the so-called ".Sunshine
Law." Section 92-2 defines "board" to include a "commission" of
the State. Section 92-7(a), which we believe is dispositive of
your question, provides as follows:
$ 92-7 Notice. (a) The board shall give written
public notice
o~ any regular, special or resc
e~c~
meeting. The notice shall include an agenda which
.
n,, w..
- -
- - -
Ms. Jean Williams -2- February 4, 1985
lists all of the items to be considered at the
orthcomin meetin the date, time an place of the
meets
g. Emphasis added).
Zn addition to section 92-7(a), above-quoted, we believe it
instructive that section 92-7 (b) sets forth the following
specific requirements with regard to the filing and posting of,
and addition to, written public notice:
(b) The board shall file the notice in the office
of the lieutenant governor or the appropriate county
clerk's office, and in the board's office for public
inspection, at least six calendar days before the
meeting. The notice shall also be posted at the site
of the meeting whenever feasible. No board shall
change the agenda, once filed, by adding items thereto
without a two-thirds recorded vote of all members to
which the board is entitled; provided that no item
shall be added to the agenda if it is of reasonably
major importance and action thereon by the board will
affect a significant number of persons.
Also instructive in the general context of your
question is section 92-4(a), which states as follows:
592-9 Minutes. (a) The board shall keep written
minutes of all meetings. Unless otherwise required by
law, neither a full transcript nor a recording of the
meeting is required, but the written minutes shall give
a true reflection of the matters discussed at the
meeting and the views of the participants. The minutes
shall include, but need not be limited to:
(1) The date, time and place of the meeting;
(2) The members of the board recorded as either
present or absent;
(3) The substance of all matters proposed,
discussed, or decided; and a record, by
individual member, of any votes taken; and
(4) Any other information that any member of the
board requests be included or reflected in
the minutes.
Pursuant to section 92-1, the provisions of the Sunshine Law
are required to be liberally construed in favor of public
scrutiny and participation:
592-1 Declaration of olic and intent. In a
democracy, t o peop a are veste wi t o ultimate
decision-making power. Governmental agencies exist to
aid the people in the formation and conduct of public
Op. No. 85-2
Ms. Jean Williams -3- February 4, 1985
policy. Opening up the governmental processes to
public scrutiny and participation is the only viable
and reasonable method of protecting the public's
interest. Therefore, the legislature declares that it
is the policy of this State that the formation and
conduct of public policy the discussions,
deliberations, decisions, and action of governmental
agencies shall be conducted as openly as possible.
To implement this policy the legislature declares that:
(1) It is the intent of this part to protect the
people's right to know;
(2} T.he provisions requiring open meetings shall
be liberally construed; and
(3) The provisions providing for exceptions to
t;e open meeting requirements shall be
strictly construed against closed meetings.
In view of the foregoing, we believe that the Sunshine Law
requires the Commission to list on its agendas all of the
specific "items" or "matters" that will be discussed at any
regular, special, or scheduled public meeting. It is our opinion
that it is not sufficient to list broad categories of items on
the agendas, and that general phrases, such as "Unfinished
Business" and "New Business," will not comply with the Sunshine
Law.
While there does not appear to be any Hawaii case on point,
case law from other jurisdictions supports our opinion. See,
e•g•, Haworth Board of Education v. Havens, 637 P.2d 902 (Okla.
Ct. App. 1981} (Notice of school boar meeting, which was
deceptively vague and ambiguous, was likely to mislead the
average reader and was a "willful violation" of the Open Meeting
Act; thus, employment contract approved during meeting was
nullified) ; Houman v. Ma or of Pom ton Lakes, 155 N.J. Super.
129, 382 A.2 413 (N.J. Super. 9 Agen a was incomplete in
that it failed to disclose adequately what matters would be
considered in the executi:*e session, thereby violating the spirit
and policy of the Open Meetings Act).
We believe that the cases we have found which reach a
contrary result are distinguishable from the situation presented
herein. For example, in Benson v. McCormick, 195 Colo. 381, 578
P.2d 651 (1978), the Supreme Court o Colorado upheld a
legislative notice which listed all of the bills capable of being
considered on a particular day, rather than listing only those
bills which could reasonably be reached at a given meeting, but
the Colorado Open Meeting Law did not establish the manner in
which notice must be given or a ine t e content of the required
notice. Similarly, in Crifasi v. Governin Bod of Oakland, 156
N.J. Super. 182, 383 A.2d 736 19 8), the Superior Court of New
Op. No. 85-2
Ms. Jean Williams -4- February 4, 1985
s
Jersey upheld an annual notice of a regularly scheduled public
meeting, notwithstanding that a separate agenda for such meeting
did not reflect the consideration of certain matters, but the New
Jersey Sunshine Law contained no re uirement that an agenda be
published prior to a regularly sc e u e meeting.
We believe, in summary, that all matters to be considered
under general categories such as "Unfinished Business" and "New
Business" should be listed on the agendas and made a part of the
written public notice of the Commission meeting, in order to give
interested members of the public reasonably fair notice of what
the Commission proposes to consider.
With regard to your second question as to whether the
Commission has the responsibility to provide its meeting minutes
to members of the public on request, w+e respond as follows.
Section 92-9(b) clearly specifies that the Commission has such a
responsibility. That subsection states in pertinent part:
(b) The minutes shall be public records and shall
be available within thirty days after the meeting
except where such disclosure would be inconsistent with
section 92-5; .
We point out that you have authority to charge members of the
public twenty-five cents per page to defray reproduction costs of
the meeting minutes, pursuant to section 92-21 ("Copies of
records; other costs and fees").
Very truly yours,
n~nle~-.;.. T
Alvin T. Nagao
' Deputy Attorney General
PPROVED:
Michael A. Lilly
Attorney General
Op. No. 85-2
~ O • y
•s.
•~.~C1.
GEORGE R. AR11'OSMI ~ 1. CORINNE K.A. WATANABf
GOVf ~.K~a 1.~ •TTORNEr GE N[MI~
I l
~wJ'
/ JAMES H. DANNENBERG
STATE OF HAWAII ~~~s* oE.urr •**o~wE. GFwE~h
DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
STATE CAPITOL
NONOIUIU. NAWAII 96e1~
leoel s.a-usa
February 10, 1966
LAW !..t'B~~fR`.
r~
FEB 19 1~
_ THiHO ~1CUFT COURT
The Honorable Goro Hokama
Chairman, County Council
County of Diaui
~6ailuku, Maui, Hawaii 96793
Dear Mr. Hokama:
Re: Applicability of the State Sunshine
Law to the County Councils and the
Presentation of Oral or Written
Testimony on Agenda Ztems
This is in response to your letter of November 25, 1985,
requesting our opinion on several questions regarding section
92-3, Hawaii Revised Statutes, as amended by section 1 of Act
278, 1985 Hawaii Sess. Laws 591, which requires boards to
afford all interested persons an opportunity to submit data,
views, or arguments, in writing, or to present oral testimony,
on any agenda item. Your specific questions are as follows:
1. May a county council delegate to its committees
the responsibility of affording an opportunity
for interested persons to present written or
oral testimony on items and subsequently
preclude the presentation of written or oral
testimony at regular council meetings on
agenda items which had been previously
discussed at a committee meeting during which
interested persons had been afforded an
opportunity to present written or oral
testimony on the items?
2. Must an opportunity for interested persons to
present written or oral testimony on an item be
afforded at every board meeting held to
consider the item?
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 14, 1986
Page 2
3. Must an opportunity for interested persons to
present written or oral testimony be afforded
on agenda items at a board meeting if a public
hearing has been held on the item?
You have also asked whether the county council is a "board"
within the meaning of section 92-2(1), Hawaii Revised
Statutes.
Vie answer the first question in the negative and the
second and third questions in the affirmative. With respect
to whether the county council is a "board" within the meaning
of section 92-2 (1) , it is our opinion that it is a board and
therefore subject to the provisions of the Hawaii Sunshine
Law.
We address first the question of whether the county
council is a "board" within the meaning of section 92-2(1),
Hawaii Revised Statutes, which reads as follows:
"Board" means any agency, board, commission, au-
thority, or committee of the State or its political
subdivisions which is created by constitution,
statute, rule, or executive order, to have super-
vision, control, jurisdiction or advisory power over
specific matters and which is required to conduct
meetings and to take official actions.
It is clear that the county council is required to conduct
meetings and to take official action. The question to be
answered is whether the county council is "created by
constitution, statute, rule, or executive order." If
"constitution" is construed to mean "state constitution" and
"statute" is construed to mean "state statute;" it may be
argued that the county council is not subject to the Hawaii
Sunshine Law because the county council is created by county
charter.l/
1/ Section 1 of article VIII of the State Constitution,
relating to local government, provides that "[t]he legis-
lature shall create counties and provide for the
government thereof." Section 2 of article VIII provides
that "[e]ach political subdivision shall have the power
to frame and adopt a charter for its own self-government
within such limits and under such procedures as may be
provided by general law." Thus, the State Constitution
authorizes the legislature to create counties, but does
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 3
Such a construction would also exclude from the coverage of
the Hawaii Sunshine Law all county agencies, boards,
commissions, authorities, or committees created by county
charter or ordinance and include only those county agencies,
commissions, authorities, or committees which are created by
state statute. We believe that such a construction is
contrary to section 92-71, Hawaii Revised Statutes, which
specifically provides that the provisions of the Hawaii
Sunshine Law "shall apply to all political subdivisions of the
State" and is inconsistent with the policy and intent of the
Hawaii Sunshine Law, as set forth in section 92-1, Hawaii
Revised Statutes.
It is a well-accepted rule of statutory construction that
statutory language must be read in the context of the entire
statute and construed in a manner consistent with the purpose
of the statute. Hawaii Public Employment Relations Board v.
United Public h'orkers, Local 646, AFSCN.E, AFL-CIO, 66 Hawaii
461, 470-471, 667 P.2d 783, 790 (1983) ; State v. I~aneakua, 6i
Hawaii 136, 140, 597 P.2d 590, 592 (1979). The Hawaii Supreme
Court has stated that, although legislative intent is to be
obtained primarily from the language used in a statute, when
aids to construction of the meaning of words, as used in the
statute, are available, there can be no rule of law which
forbids their use, however clear the words may appear on
superficial examination. Treloar v. Swinerton and tValberg
Co., 65 Hawaii 415, 421, 653 P.2d 420, 424 {1982); Crawford v.
Financial Plaza Contractors, 64 Hawaii 415, 420, 643 P.2d 48,
52 (1982) .
The legislative history of section 92-2(1) is available
as an aid in construing the definition of "board." As
originally enacted in 1975, section 92-2(1) defined "board" as
follows:
1/ continued
not create the county councils. The state statutes
creating boards of supervisors for the counties (e.g.,
section 64-2, Hawaii Revised Statutes, creating the board
of supervisors of the County of Hawaii; section 65-1,
Hawaii Revised Statutes, creating the board of
supervisors of the County of Kauai; and section 66-1,
Hawaii Revised Statutes, creating the board of
supervisors of the County of Maui) have been superseded
by the respective county charters which create a county
council for each county.
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 4
(A]ny agency, board, commission, authority, or
committee of the State or its political
subdivisions, either legislative or executive,
permanent or temporary.
It is clear that as originally enacted the legislature
intended to include the county councils within the coverage of
the Hawaii Sunshine Law by its use of the phrase "either
legislative or executive."
Section 92-2(1) was amended by Act 212, 1976 Hawaii Sess.
Laws 509, to its present language. There is nothing in the
legislative history of Act 212 which indicates that the legis-
lature intended to exclude the county councils from the Hawaii
Sunshine Act. Nor is there any indication of an intent to
exclude all county boards and commissions not "created by
constitution, statute, rule or executive order." Act 212 also
added a new section to chapter 92, codified as section 92-71,
Hawaii Revised Statutes, which states:
§92-71 Political subdivision of the State;
applicability. The provisions contained in this
chapter shall apply to all political subdivisions of
the State. Provided, however, in the event that any
political subdivision of the State shall provide by
charter, ordinance or otherwise, more stringent
requirements relating to mandating the openness of.
meetings, the more stringent provisions of said
charter, ordinance, or otherwise, shall apply.
In light of the addition of this section to chapter 92,
we believe that the legislature intended that the county
agencies, boards, commissions, authorities, and committees be
subject to the Hawaii Sunshine Law. No exemptior. similar to
that provided for the state legislature in section 92-10,
Hawaii Revised Statutes, was granted to the county councils.
Thus, we believe that the legislature intended "constitution,"
as used in section 92-2 (1) and applied to counties pursuant to
section 92-71, to be broadly interpreted to mean the written
organic and fundamental law of a body which establishes the
government thereof, rather than interpreted to refer only to
the state constitution. The charter under this broad
construction of the word is the "constitution" of the
counties. Likewise, "statute" should be construed to mean any
act of a legislative body declaring, commanding, or
prohibiting something and would include state statutes and
county ordinances.
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 5
This interpretation is supported by the statement made by
Representative Roehrig during the House's consideration on
third reading of the bill which became Act 212. He stated:
We also made a second change to provide that in the
event any of the political subdivisions of the State
have any provisions in their charter, or in the
ordinance, or by rule or otherwise, that requires
more stringent requirements relating to mandating
openness of meetings, the more stringent provisions
of the charter, ordinance or otherwise, shall apply.
This was done to make it clear that in no way has
this Legislature intended to eclipse the sunshine of
any of the counties who have strived to provide
openness in their deliberations before the legisla-
tive and administrative boards and agencies.
[Emphasis added.]
1976 Hawaii House Journal 567.
The policy and intent of the Hawaii Sunshine Law is
stated in section 92-1, Hawaii Revised Statutes:
§92-1 Declaration of policy and intent. In a
democracy, the people are vested with the ultimate
decision-making power. Governmental agencies exist
to aid the people in the formation and conduct of
public policy. Opening up the governmental
processes to public scrutiny and participation is
the only viable and reasonable method of protecting
the public's interest. Therefore, the legislature
declares that it is the policy of this State that
the formation and conduct of public policy - the
discussions, deliberations, decisions, and action of
governmental agencies - shall be conducted as openly
as possible. To implement this policy the legisla-
ture declares that:
(1) It is the intent of this part to protect
the people's right to know;
(2) The provisions requiring open meetings
shall be liberally construed; and
(3) The provisions providing for exceptions to
the open meeting requirements shall be
strictly construed against closed
meetings.
To assure that the people's right to know is protected,
section 92-3 requires that "[e]very meeting of all boards
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 6
shall be open to the public and all persons shall be permitted
to attend any meeting unless otherwise provided in the
constitution or as closed pursuant to sections 92-4 and 92-5."
Section 92-1 requires a liberal construction of the open
meeting requirements to implement the policy of this State
that the discussions, deliberations, decisions, and acticn of
governmental agencies be conducted as openly as possible. To
construe the definition of "board" to exclude all county
boards and commissions unless created by the State
Constitution, a state statute, rule, or executive order would
place a substantial part of county governmental processes
outside the scope of the Hawaii Sunshine Law. We believe that
such an interpretation would be contrary to the policy and
intent set forth in section 92-1. We therefore conclude that
the Hawaii Sunshine Law is intended to govern meetings of
county boards, including the county council.
We now turn to your questions regarding section 92-3,
Hawaii Revised Statutes. Act 278, 1985 Hawaii Sess. Laws 591,
amended section 92-3 to further require boards to afford any
member of the public the opportunity to submit written or oral
testimony on any agenda item. Set forth below is section
92-3. The provisions added by Act 278 are underscored:
X92-3 Open meetings. Every meeting of all
boards shall be open to the public and all persons
shall be permitted to attend any meeting unless
otherwise provided in the constitution or as closed
pursuant to sections 92-4 and 92-5; provided that
the removal of any person or persons who wilfully
disrupts a meeting to prevent and compromise the
conduct of the meeting shall not be prohibited. The
boards shall afford all interested ersons an
opportunity to submit data, views, or arguments, in
writing, on any agenda item. The boards shall also
afford all interested persons an opportunity to
present oral testimony on any agenda item. The
boards may provide for reasonable administration of
oral testimony by rule.
The question to be answered is whether a county council
may delegate to its committees the responsibility of affording
an opportunity for interested persons to present written or
oral testimony on items and preclude the presentation of
testimony at regular county council meetings on agenda items
that are or have been referred to a committee which will or
has afforded persons the opportunity to present written or
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 7
oral testimony on the items. Two contrary interpretations of
the amended portions of section 92-3 were submitted with your
letter of November 25, 1985. One interpretation of the amend-
ment of the section is that an opportunity to present
testimony must be afforded at every meeting of the county
council on any agenda item. The other interpretation is that
the amendment to section 92-3 requires only "an opportunity"
to present testimony on items on the agenda of a regular
council meeting and that requirement is satisfied by allowing
persons to testify on those items at meetings of the county
council's committees.
As discussed above, the primary guideline ir. the con-
struction of statutes is to ascertain and give effect to the
intention of the legislature as gleaned primarily from the
language contained in the statute itself. Hawaii Public
Employment Relations Board v. United Public Workers, Local
646, AFSCME, AFL-CIO, 66 Hawaii 461, 469, 667 P.2d 783, 789
(1983); State v. Ui, 66 Hawaii 366, 371, 663 P.2d 630, 633
(1983); Survivors of Medeiros v. Maui Land and Pineapple Co.,
66 Hawaii 290, 297, 660 P.2d 1316, 1321 (1983); Treloar v.
Swinerton and Walberg Co., 65 Hawaii 415, 420-21, 653 P.2d
420, 424 (1982); Black Construction Corp. v. Agsalud, 64
Hawaii 274, 283, 639 P.2d 1088, 1094, appeal dismissed, 459
U.S. 1011, 103 S. Ct. 367, 74 L. Ed. 2d 504 (19fi2); In re
Hawaiian Telephone Co., 61 Hawaii 572, 577, 608 P.2d 383, 388
(1980); Keller v. Thompson, 56 Hawaii 183, 189, 532 P.2d 664,
669 (1975). Statutory language must be read in the context of
the entire statute and construed in a manner consistent with
the purpose of the statute. Hawaii Public Employment
Relations Board v. United Public Workers, Local 646, AFSCME,
AFL-CIO, 66 Hawaii 461, 470-471, 667 P.2d 783, 790 (1983);
State v. Kaneakua, 61 Hawaii 136, I40, 597 P.2d 590, 592
(1979) .
In reviewing section 92-3, we noted that the legislature
chose to add the requirement of affording the public an
opportunity to testify on agenda items to section 92-3, rather
than placing the requirement in a new section. Section 92-3
requires, with certain exceptions provided therein, that
"every meeting of all boards shall be open." The opportunity
to present testimony extends to "any agenda item." Read in
the context of the entire section, we believe that "any agenda
item" refers to items on the agenda at "every meeting of all
boards" which are open. Thus, we believe that an opportunity
to present oral or written testimony must be afforded on any
agenda item at every meeting of all boards.
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 8
This interpretation is consistent with the policy and
intent of the legislature as expressed in section 92-1 of
opening up the governmental processes to public scrutiny and
participation. It is also consistent with the intent of the
legislature as expressed in the conference committee reports
of the House and the Senate on the bill which became Act 278.
They state:
The purpose of this bill is to afford the
public more participation in the open meetings of
the government.
This year marks the tenth anniversary of
Hawaii's Sunshine Laws, Chapter 92, Hawaii Revised
Statutes. To make government as open to the public
as possible to protect the public interests,
strengthening of the Sunshine Law is necessary.
Senate Conf. Comm. Rep. No. 36-85 (1985); House Conf. Comm.
Rep. No. 41-85 (1985).
With respect to oral testimony, the amendment to section
92-3 provides that "[tJhe boards may provide for reasonable
administration of oral testimony by rule." The question
raised by this part of the amendment is whether the county
council may delegate the taking of oral testimony to a
committee of the council, if the delegation is made by rule of
the county council. The legislative history of this part of
the amendment to section 92-3 leads to the conclusion that
such a rule would not satisfy the requirement that persons be
afforded an opportunity to present oral testimony on agenda
items at every board meeting.
Senate Bill No. 1413, which became Act 278, was referred
to the Senate Committee on Judiciary, which made amendments to
the bill and recommended its passage. As passed by the Senate
on third reading, the amendment to section 92-3 in Senate Bill
No. 1413, S.D. 1, added the following sentence to section
92-3.
The boards shall afford all interested persons an
opportunity to submit data, views, or arguments,
orally or in writing, on any agenda item.
The House Committee on Judiciary to which Senate Bill No.
1413, S.D. 1, was referred, deleted the language quoted above
from the bill and amended the bill by adding the following to
section 92-3:
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 9
The board shall afford all interested persons an
opportunity to submit data, views, or arguments, in
writing, on any agenda item, provided further, at
the discretion of the board, interested persons may
be allowed to present oral testimony on any agenda
item.
In its report, the House committee stated:
1) The bill provides that the boards afford
all interested persons an opportunity to subr~,it
data, views, or arguments in writing or orally on
any agenda item. Your Committee recommended that
this amendment be amended to require boards to
accept, in writing, data, views, or arguments on any
agenda item, and to allow the board discretion
whether to accept oral testimony. Your Committee
wanted to ensure that interested persons be allowed
to present their views but it felt that there had to
be some balance between access to the boards and the
boards ability to conduct business.
House Stand. Comm. Rep. No. 889-85 (1985).
The bill was amended in conference committee to provide
the language which is presently found in section 92-3. In the
conference committee reports, the committee stated as follows:
(1) Section 92-3: This section was revised to
require the board to hear oral testimony but allow
the board to establish its own rules governing oral
testimony. The amendment will give the board the
authority to reasonably administer the presentation
of oral testimony. By this amendment, your
Committee does not intend to provide rule-making
powers pursuant to Chapter 91, Hawaii Revised
Statutes, to any board which does not already have
that power. [Emphasis added.]
Senate Conf. Comm. Rep. No. 36-85 (1985}; House Conf. Comm.
Rep. No. 41-85 {1985).
The intent of the legislature, as clearly expressed in
the conference committee report, was to require the board to
hear oral testimony, although reasonable rules could be
adopted to govern oral testimony. Delegating the requirement
to hear oral testimony to a committee would circumvent the
requirement that the board hear oral testimony. Furthermore,
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 10
while we understand that the committees play an important role
in the legislative process, the ultimate decisions are made at
the council meetings, not at the committee meetings. To
preclude the public from testifying at the regular meetings of
the county council would deny interested persons the right to
participate in the governmental process, at what may be
argued, is its most critical stage. Although we are not
familiar with the make-up of each of the county committees,
assuming that these are boards within the meaning of section
92-2(1), restricting the opportunity to present written or
oral testimony only before committees of the county council
may preclude interested persons from addressing those members
of the county council who are not members of the particular
committee to which an item is referred.
Even if the legislative intent of the amendment requiring
the presentation of oral testimony and granting authority to
the board to provide for reasonable administration of oral
testimony by rule was considered ambiguous, construing the
amendment to section 92-3 to require a board to hear oral
testimony at every board meeting best accords with the public
benefit.
With respect to construing ambiguous laws, the Hawaii
Supreme Court has stated:
[W]e must look to the object to be accomplished, the
purpose to be subserved, and place a reasonable or
liberal construction which will best affect its
purpose, so that ambiguity or uncertainty of the
legislative intent receives the interpretation that
best accords with the public benefit.
Survivors of Cariaga v. Del Monte Corp., 65 Hawaii 404, 409,
652 P.2d 1143, 1147 (1982) (citations omitted). The legisla-
ture has found that the public interests are best protected by
making "government as open to the public as possible."
Requiring the county council to permit input from the public
at every meeting will make government more open to the public
.and best accords with the public benefit.
We are mindful that the Hawaii Supreme Court has also
often stated that "even in the absence of statutory ambiguity,
departure from literal construction is justified when such
construction would produce an absurd and unjust result and a
literal construction in the particular action is clearly
inconsistent with the purposes and policies of the act." In
re Spencer, 60 Hawaii 49i, 499, 591 P.2d 611, 613 (1979?;
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 11
Tangen v. State Ethics Commission, 57 Hawaii 87, 93, 550 P.2d
1275, 1279 (1976); Pacific Insurance Co. v. Oregon Automobile
Insurance Co. , 53 Hawaii 208, 211, 490 P.2d 899, 901 (1971) .
We realize that construing section 92-3 to require the county
councils to afford an opportunity for the public to testify at
every meeting is a significant departure from the existing
procedures of the county councils and is likely to lengthen
the county legislative process. However, we do not believe
that this construction produces an absurd or unjust result,
particularly since it appears to be consistent with the
purposes and policies of the Hawaii Sunshine Law. We do not
believe that it is absurd or unjust to permit interested
persons to testify at the county c_ouncil's regular meeting,
even though the same persons may have testified before a
county council committee on the same agenda item. As stated
above, final decision-making takes place at county council
meetings, not at committee meetings. Not all members of the
council may be members of the committee and, therefore, some
members voting on an agenda item may not have heard the oral
testimony or seen the written testimony. Finally, if
amendments are made to agenda items after a committee meeting,
interested persons will be provided an opportunity to testify
on the item, as amended, at the regular meeting of the council
when that item is on the agenda.
In light of the foregoing, we conclude that the count~•
council may not delegate the responsibility of hearing oral
testimony or receiving written testimony on items to its
committees and thereby prec lude interested persons from testi-
fying on those items at meetings of the county council when
the items are on the agenda.
With respect to your second question, based on the fore-
going, it is our opinion that an opportunity to testify on an
item must be afforded at every meeting of the board held to
consider the item. As we noted above, the legislature may
well have intended that the public should have an opportunity
to testify on an item at each meeting held to consider that
item because of changes which may have been made to the item
between readings or between meetings.
With respect to your third question, based on the fore-
going, it is our opinion that an opportunity to testify must
be provided at every council meeting on agenda items, even if
a public hearing on the item has been held.
Finally, it should be noted that the opportunity to
testify is to be afforded at "meetings" of the "board." The
Op. No. 86-5
The Honorable Goro Hokama
February 10, 1986
Page 12
powers and duties of each of the committees and subcommittees
of the county council must be examined to determine
{I) whether they are boards within the meaning of section
92-2{1), Hawaii Revised Statutes, and (2) whether the meetings
of the committees or subcommittees are "meetings" as defined
in section 92-2 {3) .
Very truly yours,
~~a n ~~rcua ~a
Susan Tamura Sato
Deputy Attorney General
APPROVED:
Corinne K. A. Watanabe
Attorney General
Op. No. 86-5
~Io SEP 1 1 198
_
~Y
GEORGE 4. ARt~OSMI ~ I CCRiNNE A, rA'AN4QE
GOvERtiOR ; ~ ?TTO4NE" GENERAL
STATE OF HAWAII ?2RSr pEPU-r ArTaRrrE~ GENERA,,
DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
STATE CAPITOL
HONOLULU. MAW All 96A~J
leoel ss.~•o THIRD CIRCUIT COURT
State of Hawaii
75 Aupuni Street
September 2, 1986 Hilo, Hawaii 967"!l
Mr. Kamaki Kanahe'_e, III
Administrator
Office of Hawaiian Affairs
Kawaiahao Plaza
567 S. King Street, Suite 100
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
Dear Mr. Kanahele:
Re: Applicability of Part I, Chapter 92, Hawaii
Revised Statutes, to a Private "Retreat" of
OHA Trustees
This is to confirm our oral advice that was given in
rESnonse to your oral communication of March i0, 1986,
requesting our opinion on whether part I, chapter 92, Hawaii
Reviser3 Statutes, popularly known as the Hawaii 'Sunshine Law,"
is applicable to a private 'retreat" of Office of Hawaiian
Affairs (OHA) trustees. we believe that such a "retreat" is
synonymous with a 'meeting" and, therefore, must be held in
accordance with the Hawaii Sunshine Law.
We understand the facts and purposes of the proposed'
"retreat" to be as follows.
1. A retreat was planned to take place on March Z1,
1986, immediately following an OHA Board meeting held
that day on Molokai. The retreat was to be held at a
hotel on Molokai.
2. Trustees would be reimbursed their hotel anti meal
costs for attending the retreat.
3. Seven of the nine OHA trustees planned to attend the
retreat.
4. The purposes of the retreat reportedly were:
np. No_ 8G-19
Mr. Ramaki Ranahele, III
September 2, 1986
Page 2
(a) To attempt to "resolve personality conflicts"
among OHA trustees;
(b) To discuss past errors of OHA trustees and how
trustees can ensure that those errors will not
be repeated; and
(c) To get OHA trustees "working together again for
common OHA goals."
In order to determine whether the Hawaii "Sunshine Law"
applies to the proposed retreat, we must first determine
whe~her a "retreat" is a "meeting" as defined by section
92-2(3). Apparently, as used in the context of this
discussion, the word "retreat" has been defined to mean "a
special period of group withdrawal to a place of seclusion for
the purpose of deepening the spiritual life of participants
through such means as prayer, meditation, study, and
instruction under a director.' Webster's Third New
International Dictionary 1940 (unabridged 1966). Section
92-2(3) defines "meeting" as "the convening of a board for
which a quorum is required in order to make a decision or to
deliberate toward a decision upon a matter over which the board
has supervision, control, jurisdiction, or advisory power."
Pursuant to the above definitions, "retreat" appears to be
generally synonymous with a "meeting" of a group {the Board of
Trustees of OHA) under the direction of a director (the
chairperson). Furthermore, even if a quorum of the Board of
Trustees is not required to hold the retreat, section 92-5(b)
provides that "[n]o chance meeting or electronic communication
shall be used to circumvent the spirit or requirements of this
` part to make a decision oc toydeliberate toward a decision upon
a matter over which the board has supervision, control,
jurisdiction, or advisory power.' Thus, a determination of
whether any and which of the topics to be discussed during the
retreat involves "matters over which [OHA] has supervision,
control, jurisdiction, or advisory power" is necessary.
Furthermore, in determining what is a "meeting," one must
be aware of the legislative policy and intent of part I of
chapter 92, as recently discussed in our Opinion No. 86-5,
because, as we pointed out in that opinion:
It is a well-accepted rule of statutory construction
that statutory language must be read in tha context of the
entire statute and construed in a manner consistent with
the purpose of the statute. Hawaii Public Employment .i
Relations Board v. United Pub is or ers, ocaT-sue; ~
Op. No. 86-I9
/'y.
r-:~,.. .a :..e.,~......
Mr. Kamaki Kanahele, III
September 2, 1986
Page 3
AFSCME, AFB-CIO, 66 Hawaii 461, 470-471, 667 P.2d 783, 790
(1983); State v. Kaneakua, 6I Hawaii 136, 140, 597 P.Zd
590, 592 i i
The purpose and intent of the Hawaii Sunshine yaw is set
forth in section 92-1, Hawaii Revised Statutes:
592-1 declaration of policy and intent. In a
democracy, the people are vested with the ultimate
decision-making power. Governmental agencies exist to aid
the people in the formation and conduct of public policy.
Opening up the governmental processes to public scrutiny
_ and participation is the only viable and reasonable metho d
of protecting the public's interest. Therefore, *_he
legislature declares that it is the policy of this State
that the formation and conduct of public Aolicv - the
discussions, eliberations, ecLSions, and action
governmental agencies - shall be conducted as ooenl as
oos~ Bible. To implement is po icy the egtis azure
declares that:
(1) It is the intent of this part to protect the
people's right to know;
(2) The Drovisions reQUirina open meetings shall be
liberally construed; and
(3) The provisions providing for exceptions to the
open meeting requirements shall be strictly
construe agaLnst c ose meetings.
• [Emphases added.l
As we further pointed out in our Opinion No. 86-5, 'Section
92-1 requires a liberal construction of the open meeting
requirements to implement the policy of this State that the
discussions, deliberations, decisions, and actions of
governmental agencies be conducted as openly as possible."
With these principles in mind we turn to the specific topics to
be discussed at the retreat.
The first topic to be discussed regards "personality
conflicts between OHA trustees." This topic relates to the
relationships of the OHA trustees with each other. Presumably,
the reason for the conflicts between or among the trustees
relates to their differences of opinions regarding OHA
matters. Consequently, resolution of their differences would
necessarily involve discussion of the OHA program issues that
they disagree about.
Op. 86-19
Mr. Ramaki Ranahele, III
September 2, 1986
Pagz 4
Moreover, differences of opinions regarding OHA program
issues, anti the necessary discussion and resolution of these
differences, may be the reason why section 5 of article XI. of
the State Constitution requires that the OHA Board of Trustees
consist of "not less than nine members" from five different
islands. Furthermore, section 10-8, 3awaii Revised Statutes,
which requires that "(t)he concurrence of a majority of al'_
members to which the board is entitled shall be necessary to
make any action valid," appears to recognize that there would
be differences of opinions between board members in regard to
OHA matters. we believe that these differences are the result
of each board member's "personality," background, and views and
that the discussion of these differences is within the type of `
discussions referred to in section 92-1.
On the other hand, section 92-4, Hawaii Revised Statutes,
does permit certain meetings, referred to as 'executive
meetings," which may be closed to the public:
592-4 Executive meetings. A board may hold an
executive meeting closed to the public upon an affirmative
vote, taken at an open meeting, of two-thirds of the
members present; provided the affirmative vote constitutes
a majority of the members to which the board is entitled.
A meeting closed to the public shall be limited to matters
exempted by section 92-5. The reason for holding such a
mee ing sna ae pun Lc y announced and the vote of each
member on the question of holding a meeting closed to the
public shall be recorded, and entered into the minutes of
the meeting. (Emphasis added.)
Section 92-5(a) lists six exceptions for holding closed
executive meetings as follows:
592-5 Exceptions. (a) A board may hold a meeting
closed to the public pursuant to section 92-4 for one or
more of the following purposes: •
(I) To consider and evaluate personal information
relating to individuals applying for
professional or vocational licenses cited in
section 26-9 or both;
(2) To consider the hire, evaluation, dismissal, or
discipline of an officer or employee or of
charges brought against him, where consideration
of matters affecting privacy will be involved;
provided that if the individual concerned
Op - 8 6-19
,u ,
_ . _ _
t
Mr. Kamaki Kanahele, ZZZ
September 2, 1986
Page 5
requests an open meeting, an open meeting shall
be held;
(3) To deliberate concerning the authority of
persons designated by the board to conduce labor
negotia~ions or to negotiate the acquisition of
public property, or during the conduct of such
negotiateions;
(4) To consult with the board's attorney on
questions and issues pertaining to the board's
powers, duties, privileges, immunities, and
liabilities;
(5) To investigate proceedings regarding criminal
misconduct; and
(6) To consider sensitive matters related to vublic
safety or security.
The first topic discussed above does not meet any of these
exceptions. However, the second topic, regarding past errors
of OHA trustees,~may meet one of the exceptions set out in
section 92-5(a). Although the errors of OHA trustees relate to
OHA business and would be subject to the open meeting
requirements of section 92-3, if the OHA trustees decide to
"discipline" certain OHA trustees for their errors, this topic
may be within the meaning of 'discipline of an officer" and may
be an exception under section 92-S(a)(2).
However, in order to conduct an executive meeting and
discuss a trustee's discipline, the board would need to
determine whether the closed meeting is necessary because
'matters affecting [the trustee'sl privacy will be involved"
and the trustee does not request that an open meeting be held.
Further, in order for a matter to affect the trustee's
"privacy," it must be a matter that has not previously been
made public or published.
If the board determines that there is some matter .
affecting the trustee's privacy and an executive meeting is
necessary, the board must also comply with the other
requirements in section 92-4. That section requires that at a
prior open meeting two-thirds of the majority of the board
present affirmatively vote for the closed meeting. Further, at
the open meeting, the board must announce its reasons for
holding the executive meeting and the vote of each board member
on the issue must be recorded. ~
Op. No;.. 86-19
- /
' Mr. Ramaki Kanahele, III
September 2, 1986
Page 6
Finally, the retreat is requested for the purpose of
discussing OHA goals. OHA goals generally concern the future
dtrzction that the OHA 3oard should take. This topic clearly
is a business matter of OHA and, therefore, it would be subject
to the Sunshine Law requirements of chapter 92, i?awaii Revised
Statutes.
Consequently, based on our understanding of the purposes
of the planned (but subsequently canceled) retreat, we believe
that the "retreat" is subject to the open meetings requirement
of the Sunshine Law and that the topics to be discussed during
the 'retreat" generally do not appear to meet the exceptions to
the open meetings requirement. Although the possible
- 'discipline' of an OHA trustee may be a topic that is excepted
from the open meetings requirement, the statutorily prescribed
requirements to hold a closed exceutive meeting must be
followed before a closed meeting may be held.
Ver truly yours
~ ~
Lorenn Walker
Deputy Attorney General
LW:sc
12541
APPROVED:
~ ~ C~ ~ ~L~~~
Corinne R. A. Watanabe
Attorney General
i
Op. No 86-19
i
Act 137 http://www.state.hi.us/oip/Act°/a20137.htrn
Office of Information Practices
State of Hawaii Latest Update: Dec. 7, ?999
y ?i~a.
Act 137: OIP Moves to Office of the Lieutenant Governor; Open
Meetings Law
lrlome _ _
i rO/P Ooenline~
i On June 24, 1998, the Governor signed into law Senate Bill 2983, SD 2, HD 2, CD 1.
RULES: Act 137 took effect July 1, 1998.
i ~ Public Records,
Model Forrns
i - - Act 13T designates the Office of Information Practices ("OIP") as a temporary office
RULES: A°oeals for a special purpose administratively attached to the Office of the Lieutenant
. _ Governor. The OIP was previously administratively attached to the Department of
the Attorney General.
Privacy Study
Act 137: OIP to Lt. In addition, Act 137 requires the OIP to receive complaints about the open meetings
Gov.: Sunshine Law ' laW, Section 92, Hawaii Revised Statutes (sometimes referred to as the "sunshine
law"). Section 92 was previously administered by the Department of the Attorney
~ ~Guidance_ ` General.
1 The Law
Opinion Letters
_ ,
Annual Reports Open Meetings Law
Records Resort _
"ow tp Contact oIP Chapter 92, Hawaii Revised Statutes
a Whereto Call for
otnerl~°t,,,~;a, Public Agency Meetings and Records
3 _
J Other Links
Act 137, which took effect July 1, 1998, gives the Office of Information Practices
jurisdiction regarding Part I of Chapter 92. Because Part II is also part of the
"sunshine law," the text of Part II is included here.
This is an unofficial copy of Chapter 92, Parts I and II, Hawaii Revised Statutes.
Text of the 1998 Cumulative Supplement of the Hawaii Revised Statutes has been
incorporated and noted in this copy. Official text of Chapter 92 can be found in the
Hawaii Revised Statutes and its supplements.
[Hawaii Revised Statues]
CHAPTER 92
PUBLIC AGENCY MEETINGS AND RECORDS
PART i. MEETINGS
SECTION
92-1 DECLARATION OF POLICY AND INTENT
92-1.5 ADMINISTRATION OF THIS PART (from Supp. 1998)
92-2 DEFINITIONS
92-2.5 PERMITTED INTERACTIONS OF MEMBERS (from Supp. 1998)
92-3 OPEN MEETINGS
92-3.1 LIMITED MEETINGS (from Supp. 1998)
92-3.5 MEETING BY VIDEOCONFERENCE; NOTICE; QUORUM (from Supp. 1998)
92-4 EXECUTIVE MEETINGS
92-5 EXCEPTIONS (from Supp. 1998)
92~ JUDICIAL BRANCH, QUASI-JUDICIAL BOARDS AND INVESTIGATORY
1 of 13 2/7/00 6:24 AM
Act 137 http://www.state.hi.us/oip/Act%20137.htm
FUNCTIONS; APPLICABILITY
92-7 NOTICE
92-8 EMERGENCY MEETINGS
92-9 MINUTES
92-10 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH; APPLICABILITY
92-11 VOIDABILITY
92-12 ENFORCEMENT
92-13 PENALTIES
PART II. BOARDS: QUORUM; GENERAL POWERS
92-15 BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS; QUORUM; NUMBER OF VOTES
NECESSARY TO VALIDATE ACTS
92-16 POWER OF BOARDS TO ISSUE SUBPOENAS, ADMINISTER OATHS,
APPOINT MASTERS, ETC.
92-17 CONSUMER COMPLAINTS; PROCEDURES AND REMEDIES
PART I. MEETINGS
Attorney General Opinions
Department of agriculture advisory committee on plants and animals subject to provisions
of this part; subcommittees not subject to this part. Att. Gen. Op. 90-7.
§92-1 Declaration of policy and intent. In a democracy, the people are vested with the
ultimate decision-making power, Governmental agencies exist to aid the people in the
formation and conduct of public policy. Opening up the govemmental processes to public
scrutiny and participation is the only viable and reasonable method of protecting the
public's interest. Therefore, the legislature declares that it is the policy of this State That
the formation and conduct of public policy -the discussions, deliberations, decisions, and
action of govemmental agencies -shall be conducted as openly as possible. To
implement this policy the legislature declares that:
(1) It is the intent of this part to protect the people's right to know;
{2) The provisions requiring open meetings shall be liberally construed; and
(3) The provisions providing for exceptions to the open meeting
requirements shall be strictly construed against Gosed meetings. jL 1975, c
168, pt of § 1 J
Attomey General Opinions
This section and sections 92-7 and 92-9 require commission to specify subject matter of
items on public meeting agenda. Att. Gen. Op. 85-2.
Interpretation of "board" as excluding county council would be inconsistent with policy and
intent of sunshine law. Att. Gen. Op. 86-5.
Hawaii Legal Reporter Citations
Openness in govemmental discussions, deliberations, decisions, and actions. 79 HLR
79-0117; 79 HLR 79-0543.
[The text of §92-1.5 was taken from the 1998 Cumulative Supplement of the Hawaii
Revised Statutes.]
§92-1.5 Administration of this part. The director of the office of information practices
shall administer this part. The director shall establish procedures for filing and responding
to complaints filed by any person concerning the failure of any board to comply with this
2 8f i3 ~
Act 137 http://www.stete.hi.us/oip/Act%20137.htm
part. The director of the office of information practices shall submit an annual report of
these complaints along with final resolution of complaints, and other statistical data to the
legislature, no later than twenty days prior to the convening of each regular session. [L
1998, c 137, §2]
§92-2 Definitions. As used in this part:
(1) "Board" means any agency, board, commission, authority, or committee of the State or
its political subdivisions which is created by constitution, statute, rule, or executive order,
to have supervision, control, jurisdiction or advisory power over specific matters and which
is required to conduct meetings and to take official actions.
(2) "Chance meeting" means a social or informal assemblage of two or more members at
which matters relating to official business are not discussed.
(3) "Meeting," means the convening of a board for which a quorum is required in order to
make a decision or to deliberate toward a decision upon a matter over which the board
has supervision, control, jurisdiction, or advisory power. [L 1975, c 166, pt of § 1; am L
1976, c 212, § 1
Attorney General Opinions
Trustees of travel agency recovery fund comprise board subject to sunshine law. Att. Gen.
Op. 85-14.
Associated Students of University of Hawaii not a "board" subject to sunshine law. Att.
Gen. Op. 85-18.
"Board" includes committees or subgroups of the board. Att. Gen. Op. 85-27.
County council is a "board". Att. Gen. Op. 86-5.
Agency's retreat would be a "meeting" subject to sunshine law. Att. Gen. Op. 86-19.
[The tent of §92-2.5 was taken from the 1998 Cumulative Supplement of the Hawaii
Revised Statutes.]
§92-2.5 Permitted interactions of members. (a) Two members of a board may
communicate or interact privately between themselves to gather information from each
other about official board matters to enable them to perform their duties faithfully, as long
as no commitment to vote is made or sought.
(b) Two or more members of a board, but less than the number of members which would
constitute a quorum for the board, may be assigned to:
(1) Investigate a matter relating to the official business of their board; provided that:
(A) The scope of the investigation and the scope of each member's authority
are defined at a meeting of the board;
(B) All resulting findings and recommendations are presented to the board at
a meeting of the board; and
(C) Deliberation and decisionmaking on the matter investigated, if any,
occurs only at a duly noticed meeting of the board held subsequent to the
meeting at which the findings and recommendations of the investigation
were presented to the board; or
' (2) Present, discuss, or negotiate any position which the board has adopted at a meeting
of the board; provided that the assignment is made and the scope of each member's
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authority is defined at a meeting of the board prior to the presentation, discussion or
negotiation.
(c) Discussions between two or more members of a board, but less than the number of
members which would constitute a quorum for the board, concerning the selection of the
board`s officers may be conducted in private without limitation or subsequent reporting
(d) Discussions between the governor and one or more members of a board may be
conducted in private without limitation or subsequent reporting; provided that the
discussion does not relate to a matter over which a board is exercising its adjudicatory
function.
(e} Discussions between two or more members of a board and the head of a department
to which the board is administratively assigned may be conducted in private without
limitation; provided that the discussion is limited to matters specified in section 26-35.
(f) Communications, interactions, discussions. investigations, and presentations described
in this section are not meetings for purposes of this part. (L 1996, c 267, §2]
§92-3 Open meetings. Every meeting of all boards shall be open to the public and a!I
persons shall be permitted to attend any meeting unless otherwise provided in the
constitution or as closed pursuant to sections 92-4 and 92-5; provided that the removal of
any person or persons who wilfully disrupts a meeting to prevent and compromise the
conduct of the meeting shall not be prohibited. The boards shall afford all interested
persons an opportunity to submit data, views, or arguments, in writing, on any agenda
item. The boards shall also afford all interested persons an opportunity to present oral
testimony on any agenda item. The boards may provide for reasonable administration of
oral testimony by rule. [L 1975, c 166, pt of § 1; am L 1985, c 278, § 1 J
Attorney General Opinions
Sunshine law applies to meeting of standing or select committee of board of regents of
University of Hawaii. Att. Gen. Op. 85-27.
Opportunity to present testimony, when it must be afforded; cannot delegate committee to
hear testimony. Att. Gen. Op. 86-5.
Case Notes
Administrative rule regarding confidentiality of development proposals did not conflict with
or contradict "mandate" of section; section does not address public's interest in disclosure
of or access to government records. 74 H. 365, 846 P.2d 882.
[The text of §92-3.1 was taken from the 1998 Cumulative Supplement of the Hawaii
Revised Statutes.]
§92-3.1 Limited meetings. (a) If a board determines that it is necessary to meet at a
location that is dangerous to health or safety, and the attorney general concurs, the board
may hold a limited meeting, in that location, which is not open to the public; provided that
at a regular meeting of the board prior to meeting at the dangerous location:
(1) The board determines that it is necessary to hold the meeting at the dangerous
location and specifies the reasons for its determination that the location is dangerous to
health or safety;
(2} Two-thirds of all members to which the board is entitled vote to adopt the
determinations required by paragraph (1) and to conduct the meeting; and
(3) Notice of the limited meeting is provided in accordance with section 92-7.
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(b) At all limited meetings, the board shall:
(1) Videotape the meeting, unless the requirement is waived by the attorney general, and
comply with all requirements of section 92-9;
(2) Make the videotape available at the next regular meeting; and
(3) Make no decisions at the meeting. (L 1995, c 212, § 1 ]
(The text of §92-3.5 was taken from the 1998 Cumulative Supplement of the Hawaii
Revised Statutes.]
§92-3.5 Meeting by videoconference; notice; quorum. (a) A board may hold a meeting
by videoconference; provided that the videoconference system used by the board shall
allow both audio and visual interaction between all members of the board participating in
the meeting and the public attending the meeting, at any videoconference location. The
notice required by section 92-7 shall specify all locations at which board members will be
physically present during a videoconference meeting, and the public shalt be allowed to
attend the meeting at any such location.
(b) Any board member participating in a meeting by videoconference shall be considered
present at the meeting for the purposes of determining compliance with the quorum and
voting requirements of the board.
(c) A meeting held by videoconference shall be terminated if both audio and video
communication cannot be maintained with all locations where the meeting is being held,
even if a quorum of the board is physically present in one location.
(d) Each board shall adopt rules in accordance with chapter 91 regarding the use of and
the procedures to be followed in a meeting held by videoconference, before the meetings
are held. [L 1994, c 121, § 1 ]
§92-4 Executive meetings, A board may hold an executive meeting dosed to the public
upon an affirmative vote, taken at an open meeting, of two-thirds of the members present;
provided the affirmative vote constitutes a majority of the members to which the board is
entitled. A meeting closed to the public shall be limited to matters exempted by section
92-5. The reason for holding such a meeting shall be publidy announced and the vote of
each member on the question of holding a meeting closed to the public shall be recorded,
and entered into the minutes of the meeting. (L 1975, c 166, pt of § 1; am L 1985, c 278,
§21
Attorney General Opinions
Transcript of agency hearing is a public record. Att. Gen. Op. 64-4.
Executive meeting to develop criteria for superintendent of education position may not be
closed. Att. Gen. Op. 75-11.
Case Notes
Certain police records not public records. 42 H. 14, (decided prior to enactment of
section).
§92-5 Exceptions. (a) A board may hold a meeting dosed to the public pursuant to
section 92-4 for one or more of the following purposes:
(1 } To consider and evaluate personal information relating to individuals applying for
professional or vocational licenses cited in section 26-9 or both;
(2) To consider the hire, evaluation, dismissal, or discipline of an officer or employee or of
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charges brought against the officer or employee, where consideration of matters affecting
privacy will be involved; provided that rf the individual concerned requests an open
meeting, an open meeting shall be held;
(3) To deliberate concerning the authority of persons designated by the board to conduct
labor negotiations or to negotiate the acquisition of public property, or during the conduct
of such negotiations;
(4) To consult with the board's attorney on questions and issues pertaining to the board's
powers, duties, privileges, immunities, and liabilities;
(5) To investigate proceedings regarding criminal misconduct;
(6) To consider sensitive matters related to public safety or security; and
(7) To consider matters relating to the solicitation and acceptance of private donations.
(b) In no instance shall the board make a decision or deliberate toward a decision in an
executive meeting on matters not directly related to the purposes specified in subsection
(a). No chance meeting, permitted interaction, or electronic communication shall be used
to circumvent the spirit or requirements of this part to make a decision or to deliberate
toward a decision upon a matter over which the board has supervision, control,
jurisdiction, or advisory power. (L 1975, c 166, pt of § 1; am L 1985, c 278, §3; gen ch
1985; am L 1996, c 267, §3; am L 1998, c 48, § 1 ]
Attorney General Opinions
Subsection (a)(1) is applicable only when a specific individual is involved. Att. Gen. Op.
75-11.
Even if there is no quorum, meeting to discuss official business may be prohibited unless
sunshine law followed. Att. Gen. Op. 85-27.
Subsection (a)(2) and §92-9 read together permit board and commission members to
disclose some matters deliberated or decided in executive session, but not matters
inconsistent with subsection (a)(2). Att. Gen. Op. 94-1.
[§92-6 AMENDED. "Criminal injuries compensation commission" changed to "crime victim
compensation commission". L 1998, c 240, §6.]
§92-8 Judicial branch, quasi judicial boards and investigatory functions;
applicability.
(a) This part shall not appty:
(1) To the judicial branch.
(2) To adjudicatory functions exercised by a board and governed by sections 91-8 and
91-9, or authorized by other sections of the Hawaii Revised Statutes. !n the application of
this subsection, boards exercising adjudicatory functions include, but are not limited to,
the following:
(A) Hawaii labor relations board, chapters 89 and 377;
(B) Labor and industrial relations appeals board, chapter 371;
(C) Hawaii paroling authority, chapter 353;
(D) Civil service commission, chapter 26;
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(E) Board of trustees, employees' retirement system of the State of Hawaii,
chapter 88;
(F) Crime victim compensation commission, chapter 351; and
(G) State ethics commission, chapter 84.
(b) Notwithstanding provisions in this section to the contrary, this part shall apply to
require open deliberation of the adjudicatory functions of the land use commission. (L
1975, c 166, pt of § 1; am L 1976, c 92, § 8; am L 1985, c 25s1, § 11)
Rules of Court
Applicability of Hawaii Rules of Civil Procedure, see HRCP rule 81(b}(12}.
Case Notes
County planning commission's closed deliberations permissible under this section despite
open
meeting mandate of section 92-3. 64 H. 431, 643 P.2d 55.
Adjudicatory functions include adoption of conclusions of law. 4 H. App. 633, 675 P.2d
784.
§92-7 Notice. (a) The board shall give written public notice of any regular, special, or
rescheduled meeting, or any executive meeting when anticipated in advance. The notice
shall include an agenda which lists all of the items to be considered at the forthcoming
meeting, the date, time, and place of the meeting, and in the case of an executive meeting
the purpose shall be stated.
(b) The board shall file the notice in the office of the lieutenant govemor or the
appropriate county clerk's office, and in the board's office for public inspection, at least six
calendar days before the meeting. The notice shall also be posted at the site of the
meeting whenever feasible.
(c) If the written public notice is filed in the office of the lieutenant govemor or the
appropriate county Gerk's office less than six calendar days before the meeting, the
lieutenant govemor or the appropriate county clerk shall immediately notify the
chairperson of the board, or the director of the department within which the board is
established or placed, of the tardy filing of the meeting notice. The meeting shall be
canceled as a matter of law, the chairperson or the director shall ensure that a notice
canceling the meeting is posted at the place of the meeting, and no meeting, shall be
held.
(d) No board shall change the agenda, once filed, by adding items thereto without a
two-thirds recorded vote of all members to which the board is entitled; provided that no
item shall be added to the agenda if it is of reasonably major importance and action
thereon by the board will affect a sign cant number of persons. Items of reasonably major
importance not decided at a scheduled meeting shall be considered only at a meeting
continued to a reasonable day and time.
(e) The board shall maintain a list of names and addresses of persons who request
notification of meetings and shall mail a copy of the notice to such persons at their last
recorded address no later than the time the agenda is filed under subsection (b). [L 1975,
c 166, pt of § 1; am L 1976, c 212, §2; am L 1984, c 271, § 1; am L 1985, c 278, §4; am L
1995, c 13, §2]
' Attorney General Opinions
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This section and sections 92-1 and 92-9 require commission to specify subject matter of
items on public meeting agenda. Not sufficient to list broad categories of items. Att. Gen.
Op. 85-2.
Filing deadline should be established by using day, rather than hour increments. Att. Gen.
Op. 92-06.
§92-8 Emergency meetings. (a) If a board finds that an imminent peril to the public
health, safety, or welfare requires a meeting in less time than is provided for in section
92-7, the board may hold an emergency meeting provided that:
(1 }The board states in writing the reasons for its findings;
(2) Two-thirds of all members to which the board is entitled agree that the findings are
correct and an emergency exists;
(3) An emergency agenda and the findings are filed with the office of the lieutenant
governor or the appropriate county clerk's office, and in the board's office; and
(4) Persons requesting notification on a regular basis are contacted by mail or
telephone as soon as practicable.
(b) If an unanticipated event requires a board to take action on a matter over which it has
supervision, control, jurisdiction, or advisory power, within less time than is provided for in
section 92-7 to notice and convene a meeting of the board, the board may hold an
emergency meeting to deliberate and decide whether and how to act in response to the
unanticipated event; provided that:
(1) The board states in writing the reasons for its finding that an unanticipated event has
occurred and that an emergency meeting is necessary and the attorney general concurs
that the conditions necessary for an emergency meeting under this subsection exist;
(2) Two-thirds of all members to which the board is entitled agree that the conditions
necessary for an emergency meeting under this subsection exist;
(3) The finding that an unanticipated event has occurred and that an emergency meeting
is necessary and the agenda for the emergency meeting under this subsection are filed
with the office of the lieutenant governor or the appropriate county clerk's office, and in
the board's office;
(4) Persons requesting notification on a regular basis are contacted by mail or telephone
as soon as practicable; and
(5) The board limits its action to only that action which must be taken on or before the
date that a meeting would have been held, had the board noticed the meeting pursuant to
section 92-7.
(c) For purposes of this part, an "unanticipated event" means:
(1) An event which members of the board did not have sufficient advance knowledge of or
reasonably could not have known about from information published by the media or
information generally available in the community;
(2) A deadline established by a legislative body, a court, or a federal, state, or county
agency beyond the control of a board; or
(3) A consequence of an event for which reasonably informed and knowledgeable board
• members could not have taken all necessary action. [L 1975, c 166, pt of § 1; am L 1996,
c 267, §4]
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§92-9 Minutes. (a) The board shall keep written minutes of all meetings. Unless
otherwise required by law, neither a full transcript nor a recording of the meeting is
required, but the written minutes shall give a true reflection of the matters discussed at the
meeting and the views of the participants. The minutes shall include, but need not be
limited to:
(1) The date, time and place of the meeting;
(2) The members of the board recorded as either present or absent;
{3) The substance of all matters proposed, discussed, or decided; and a record, by
individual member, of any votes taken; and
{4) Any other information that any member of the board requests be included or reflected
in the minutes.
(b) The minutes shall be public records and shall be available within thirty days after the
meeting, except where such disclosure would be inconsistent with section 92-5; provided
that minutes of executive meetings may be withheld so long as their publication would
defeat the lawful purpose of the executive meeting, but no longer.
{c) All or any part of a meeting, of a board may be recorded by any person in attendance
by means of a tape recorder or any other means of sonic reproduction, except when a
meeting is closed pursuant to section 92-4; provided the recording does not actively
interfere with the conduct of the meeting,. (L 1975, c 166, pt of § 1 ]
Attorney General Opinions
This section and sections 92-1 and 92-7 require commission to specify subject matter of
items on public meeting agenda; agency responsible to make its minutes available to
public. Att. Gen. Op. 85-2.
This section and §92-5(a)(2) read together permit board and commission members to
disclose some matters deliberated or decided in executive session, but not matters
inconsistent with §92-5(a)(2). Att. Gen. Op. 94-1.
§92-10 Legislative branch; applicability. Notwithstanding any provisions contained in
this chapter to the contrary, open meeting requirements, and provisions regarding
enforcement, penalties and sanctions, as they are to relate to the state legislature or to
any of its members shall be such as shall be from time to time prescribed by the
respective rules and procedures of the senate and the house of representatives, which
rules and procedures shall take precedence over this part. Similarly, provisions relating to
notice, agenda and minutes of meetings, and such other requirements as may be
necessary, shall also be governed by the respective ru?es and procedures of the senate
and the house of representatives. [L 1975, c 166, pt of §11]
§92-11 Voidability. Any final action taken in violation of sections 92-3 and 92-7 shall be
voidable upon proof of wilful violation. A suit to void any final action shall be commenced
within ninety days of the action. [L 1975, c 166, pt of §1 ]
Case Notes
Violation not wilful. 4 H. App. 633, 675 P.2d 784.
§92-12 Enforcement. {aj The attorney general and the prosecuting attorney shall
enforce this part.
' (b) The circuit courts of the State shal{ have jurisdiction to enforce the provisions of this
part by injunction or other appropriate remedy.
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(c) Any person may commence a suit in the circuit court of the circuit in which a prohibited
act occurs for the purpose of requiring compliance with or preventing violations of this part
or to determine the applicability of this part to discussions or decisions of the public body.
The court may order payment of reasonable attorney fees and costs to the prevailing
party in a suit brought under this section.
(d) The proceedings for review shall not stay the enforcement of any agency decisions;
but the reviewing court may order a stay if the following criteria have been met:
(1) There is likelihood that the party bringing the action will prevail on the merits;
{2) Irreparable damage will result if a stay is not ordered;
(3) No irreparable damage to the public will result from the stay order, and
(4) Public interest will be served by the stay order. [L 1975, c 166, pt of § 1; am L 1985, c
278, §5]
Case Notes
Authorizes "any person" to "commence a suit in the circuit court of the circuit in which a
prohibited act occurs," regardless of the person's participation in any proceeding. 74 H.
365, 846 P.2d 882.
Award of attomeys' fees under subsection (c) intended to apply where citizen prevails
against government; prevailing defendant private party thus not entitled to attomeys' fees
under this subsection. 86 H. 132, 948 P.2d 122.
§92-13 Penalties. Any person who wilfully violates any provisions of this part shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction, may be summarily removed from the board
unless otherwise provided by law. [L 1975, c 166, pt of § 1 ]
PART II. BOARDS: QUORUM; GENERAL POWERS
Note
The sections of this part are renumbered to eliminate duplication of the section numbers
in Part 1, as enacted by L 1975, c 166.
§92-15 Boards and commissions; quorum; number of votes necessary to validate
acts. Whenever the number of members necessary to constitute a quorum to do
business, or the number of members necessary to validate any act, of any board or
commission of the State or of any political subdivision thereof, is not specified in the law
or ordinance creating the same or in any other law or ordinance, a majority of all the
members to which the board or commission is entitled shall constitute a quorum to do
business, and the concurrence of a majority of all the members to which the board or
commission is entitled shall be necessary to make any action of the board or commission
valid; provided that due notice shall have been given to all members of the board or
commission or a bona fide attempt shall have been made to give the notice to all
members to whom it was reasonably practicable to give the notice. This section shall not
invalidate any act of any board or commission performed prior to April 20, 1937, which,
under the general law then in effect, would otherwise be valid. [L 1937, c 40, § 1; RL
1945, §482; RL 1955, §7-26; HRS §92-11; ren §92-15]
Attorney General Opinions
"Concurrence" means affirmative vote, not abstention. Att. Gen. Op. 85-11.
Case Notes
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Where the required majority exists without the vote of the disqual~ed member,
disqualified member's participation wilt not invalidate the result. 63 H. 222, 624 P.2d 1353.
§92-16 Power of boards to issue subpoenas, administer oaths, appoint masters, etc.
(a) Any board (which term as used in this section means any board or commission of the
State or of any political subdivision of the State) which is by law authorized or required to
hold hearings for the purpose of receiving evidence, shalt have the following powers, in
addition to those provided for by any other law, in connection with the hearings:
(1) To subpoena witnesses upon subpoena signed by the chairperson, acting
chairperson, or any member, or executive secretary, or executive officer of or under the
board who is so authorized by the board. The subpoenas shall be served in the same
manner, and the witnesses subpoenaed shall be entitled to the same witness fees, as in
the case of a witness subpoenaed to testify before a circuit court. Any circuit court, upon
the written application of any member of the board or of any master appointed by it as in
this section provided, shall have power to enforce obedience to, the subpoena by
contempt proceedings.
(2) Through the chairperson, acting chairperson, or any member of the board, or through
the executive secretary or executive officer of or under the board so authorized by the
board, to administer oaths to witnesses and require the testimony of such witnesses on
matters germane to the subject under inquiry at the hearing. Any party to the hearing upon
request shall be allowed to be represented by counsel and be allowed reasonable rights
of examination and cross-examination of witnesses. Any false swearing by a witness at
the hearing, upon any material issue or matter shall constitute perjury, and be punishable
as such.
(3) To appoint, by written resolution adopted by vote of a majority of the board, a master
or masters (who may, but need not be, a member or members of the board, or a
disinterested attorney at law or other person, or a combination of any of them) to hold the
hearing and take testimony upon the matters involved in the hearing and report to the
board the master's or their findings and recommendations, together with a transcript of the
hearing or a summary of the evidence and testimony taken thereat, and to adopt the
findings and recommendations, in whole or in part, or otherwise act upon the report and
transcript or summary, and, in the board's discretion, to hold further hearings and take
further evidence and testimony in connection therewith, before taking final action thereon.
Any master may be paid such reasonable compensation as shall be determined by the
board, provided that no member of the board shall be eligible to receive any additional
compensation for services as master.
(b) Subpoena fees, master's fees, and other expenses in connection with the hearings
shall be payable out of any moneys appropriated or available for expenditure by the board
for personal services or current expenses, or both. Any master so appointed shall have all
of the powers which would be held and enjoyed by the board or the chairperson or any
member thereof in connection with the hearing. {L 1949, c 329, § 1; RL 1955, §7-27; HRS
§92-12; am L 1973, c 3 1, pt of §21; ren §92-16; gen ch 1985, 1993)
§92-17 Consumer complaints; procedures and remedies. (a) All boards as defined by
section 92-2(1) established to license or regulate any profession, ocxupation, industry, or
service, shall receive complaints from consumers and other persons claiming to be
aggrieved by business practices related to their respective jurisdictions.
(b) Upon receipt of a written complaint or upon receipt of an investigation report
generated by the board on its own motion or upon staff investigation which establishes an
alleged violation of any provision of law or rule, the board or its authorized representative
shall notify the licensee or person regulated of the charge against the licensee or person
and conduct a hearing in conformity with chapter 91 if the matter cannot be settled
informally. If the board finds that the charge constitutes a violation, the board may order
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one or more of the following remedies as appropriate relief:
(1) Refunding the money paid as fees for services;
(2) Correcting the work done in providing services;
(3) Revocation of the licensee's permit or license;
(4) Suspension of the licensee's permit or license;
(5) Imposition of a fine; and
(6) Any other reasonable means to secure relief as determined by the board. The board
may also assess the licensee, as a penalty, any cost incurred in publishing the notice of
hearing when service by registered or certified mail to the address listed on the licensee's
record is unsuccessful.
(c) Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary:
(1) No license or permit shall be suspended by the board for a period exceeding five
years.
{2) A person whose license or permit has been revoked by the board may not reapply for
a license until the expiration of at least five years from the effective date of the revocation
of the license or permit.
(3) A suspended license or permit shall be reinstated at the end of the suspension;
provided that the suspension does not carry forward to the next license period, and the
person satisfies all licensing requirements and conditions contained in the order of the
suspension. If a suspension carries forward to the next license period, the board shall not
renew the suspended license or permit during the usual renewal period. At the end of the
suspension period, a person whose license or permit was suspended may be reinstated
upon filings a reinstatement form provided by the board and payment of the renewal fees,
satisfaction of any other renewal requirements, and fulfillment of conditions, if any,
contained in the order of suspension. If the person fails to file for reinstatement within
thirty days after the end of the suspension, the person's license or permit shall be
forfeited.
(d) The failure or refusal of the licensee to comply with any board order, including an
order of license suspension, shall also constitute grounds for further disciplinary action,
including a suspension or revocation of license, imposition of which shall be subject to
chapter 91 and the procedural rules of the board. The board may also apply to any circuit
court for injunctive relief to compel compliance with the board's order. Where appropriate,
the board shall refer for prosecution to the proper authority any practice constituting a
violation which is subject to criminal penalty.
(e) If the subject matter of the complaint does not come within its jurisdiction, or if it is
found that the charge does not constitute a violation, the board shall notify and inform the
complainant in writing with regard to the reasons for its inability to act upon the complaint.
(f) The complainant and the licensee or person regulated may agree to resolve the
complaint through final and binding arbitration pursuant to chapter 658. In the event of an
agreement to arbitrate, the board may enter an order dismissing any proceeding instituted
pursuant to subsection (b); provided that the order of dismissal may be conditioned upon
prompt and complete compliance with the arbitrator's award. In the event that the licensee
or person regulated fails to comply with the terms of the arbitrator's award, the board may
reopen the proceeding and may, after a hearing, in conformity with chapter 91, order one
or more of the remedies set forth in subsection (b).
Notwithstanding any provision of chapter 658 to the contrary, an arbitration agreement
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entered into pursuant to this section shall be approved by the board, and the parties shall
agree on an arbitrator within five days after execution of the agreement. ff the parties fail
to agree on an arbitrator within the time above prescribed, the board may appoint an
arbitrator from a list of arbitrators maintained for that purpose by the department of
commerce and consumer affairs.
(g) A fine levied in a final order of a board or commission pursuant to subsection (b) shall
be confirmed as a judgment by a circuit court in which the respondent resides or has
property or in which the act complained of had occur-ed, by filing the board or
commission's final order any time after thirty days after the issuance of that final order.
The judgment issued thereon shall have the same force and effect and be enforceable
and collectible as any other judgment issued in the circuit court. Nothing herein shall
impair the right of the board or commission to apply to the circuit court for injunctive relief
pursuant to subsection (d). [L 1974, c 117, §2; HRS §92-13; ren §92-17; am L 1977, c 94,
§1;amL1978,c158,§1;amL1982,c174,§landc204,§8; amL1983,c181,§1;
am L 1984, c 45, §3; am L 1985, c 45, §1; gen ch 1985; am L 1986, c 274, §2; am L 1993,
c 109, §1 ]
Last modified: December 07,1998
13 of 13 2/7/00 6:24 AM
Act 137 htcp://www.state.lu.us/oip/Act%20137.htrn
entered into pursuant to this section shall be approved by the board, and the parties shall
agree on an arbitrator within five days after execution of the agreement. ff the parties fail
to agree on an arbitrator within the time above prescribed, the board may appoint an
arbitrator from a list of arbitrators maintained for that purpose by the department of
commerce and consumer affairs.
(g) A fine levied in a final order of a board or commission pursuant to subsection (b) shall
be confirmed as a judgment by a circuit court in which the respondent resides or has
property or in which the act complained of had occurred, by filing the board or
commission's final order any time after thirty days after the issuance of that final order.
The judgment issued thereon shall have the same force and effect and be enforceable
and collectible as any other judgment issued in the circuit court. Nothing herein shall
impair the right of the board or commission to apply to the circuit court for injunctive relief
pursuant to subsection (d). [L 1974, c 117, §2; HRS §92-13; ren §92-17; am L 1977, c 94,
§1;amL1978,c158,§1;amL1982,c174,§1 andc204,§8; amL1983,c181,§1;
am L 1984, c 45, §3; am L 1985, c 45, §1; gen ch 1985; am L 1986, c 274, §2; am L 1993,
c 109, §1]
t,~ t,~oa~.d: December o7,199s
13 of 13 2/7100 6:24 AM