HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0897.001 2022-2024Mitchell D. Roth
Mayor
County of Hawaii
DEPARTMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
25 Aupuni Street, Room 1301 . Hilo, Hawall 96720-4252
(808) 961-8366 • Fax (808) 935-1205
E-mail: chresdev@co.hawail.hi.us
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Douglass S. Adams
Director
Frec'la Cevallos
Deputy Director
TO: Heather Kimball, Chair
And Members of the Hawaii County Council
FROM: Glenn T. Sako
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Economic Development Specialist,
Department of Research and Development
DATE: June 17, 2024
SUBJECT: Resolution 533-24: AUTHORIZES THE MAYOR TO ENTER INTO AN
AGREEMENT WITH THE STATE OF HAWAI`I, DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS,
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM, FOR A GRANT TO THE
DEPARTMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The County of Hawaii Department of Research and Development would like to transmit
the attached report, "2023 Gorse Removal Project Progress Report to the Department
of Hawaiian Home Lands", in support of Reso 533-24.
Please distribute to the Council members.
Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer
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Mitchell D. Roth
Mayor
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County of Hawaii
DEPARTMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
25 Aupuni Street, Room 1301 • Hilo, Hawai'l 96720-4252
(808) 961-8366 • Fax (808) 935-1205
E-mail: chresdev@co.hawall.hi.us
December 26, 2023
Kali Watson
Chairman, Hawaiian Homes Commission
'ane.sJeremiah hawaii. ov
nicole.l.kinilau-cano@hawaii.gov
Douglass S. Adams
Director
Frecia Cevallos
Deputy Director
Re: 2023 Gorse Removal Project Progress Report to the Department of Hawaiian Home
Lands
Dear Chairman Watson:
This progress report is in response to Act 204, relating to invasive species. The
Department of Hawaiian Home Lands has a MOA with the County of Hawaii for
$500,000 to support the removal of gorse and its development into livestock feed. The
County of Hawaii has a contract with Hui Ho'olako for Hawaiian Initiatives (HH) to
develop livestock recipes using gorse and other feed stock and to determine palatability
and livestock performance.
HH harvested 99 tons of gorse to use in the feed formulation. Pulverized gorse material
was tested for seed viability and the results showed zero germination. Unfortunately,
the design of the Pana`ewa feed mill has too many costly drawbacks and the pelleting
phase of the process has been moved to a new site.
Hog yield study has been moved to the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human
Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Research will focus on the final feed
formulation and hog weight gain in response to the formulated feed.
Please see the attached report submitted by Hui Ho'olako for Hawaiian Initiatives.
Very Respectfully,
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Douglass S. Adams
Director, Research and Development
County of Hawaii
Hawaii County Is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer
Hui Ho'olako for Hawaiian Initiatives Gorse Hog Feed Project
Please contact Pomai Freltas if there are any questions regarding this project. He can
be reached at pomait@.qmail.com or 808-769-9566.
Summary
In response to Act 204, relating to invasive species, the Department of Hawaiian
Home Lands (DHHL) executed a MOA with the County of Hawai'i for $500,000 to
support the removal of gorse and its formulation into a feed for hogs. DHHL has also
executed a Right of Entry with the County of Hawai'i and the non-profit organization, Hui
Ho'olako for Hawaiian Initiatives (HH) to harvest the gorse from a DHHL lessee.
Progress Report
Gorse is classified as a noxious weed, so it cannot be moved from the site it is
growing. HH needed to show evidence that their harvesting methodology could render
the gorse seeds non -viable, so it can be moved off Mauna Kea to the feed mill. The
harvesting equipment consisted of an excavator to rip out the gorse and to load the tub
grinder. The grinder shredded the gorse, and the hammer mill pulverized the material
and the seeds. Five samples were sent to Oregon State University for germination
testing and the results showed zero germination for the samples.
Two harvests were conducted on DHHL property in Humu'ula (Kaniho). Over 19
tons of gorse were harvested from roughly 12 acres of land, The pulverized gorse
material was loaded into trailers and transported to the feed mill.
Feedstock samples were sent to the national laboratory, Dairy One, to analyze their
nutritional content. Gorse, macadamia nut shells shavings, algae by product and a
mixed feed of gorse (50%), mac nut (30%) and algae (20%) were analyzed for protein,
fiber, ash content, and fats.
Feedstock
% Desired
Gorse
Mac nut shell
Algae
Mixed feed
Crude Protein
16%
5.7
6.2
35.1
11.2
% N Fiber
Content
NA
6.9
5.8
30.2
15.2
% Ash
19-20%
17.69
21,26
21.33
19.79
% Crude Fat
2%
2.65
0.17
3.27
1.48
Dr. Nick Kreuger conducted the initial product palatability study at the University of
Hawai'i at Hilo's research farm. The hogs were provided with the mixed feed that
contained up to 50% gorse and the hogs showed a positive palatable response to
eating it.
A cost analysis was conducted to determine the cost per pound for the mixed feed,
The cost for the gorse was the operational cost to harvest, pulverize and transport the
material to the feed mill. There was no cost for the macadamia nut shell shavings and
algae byproduct. The cost for the gorse and to run these feedstocks through the mill to
produce a pound of mixed gorse feed was $0.10 to $0.15 per pound. The range given
was due to the inefficiency of the processing flow and it was determined that $0.15
would be a conservative number to cover the inefficiency. Despite the conservative
figure, this price range is highly competitive with imported hog feeds. The cheapest hog
feed formula found on the internet cost $0.25 per pound, for a bulk order of 2,000
pounds and that did not include shipping to Hawaii.
The hog feed needs at least 16% protein for the hogs to gain weight. The mixed
feed was analyzed with only 11.2%. Gorse is a member of the legume family, but it had
the lowest crude protein content of the three feedstocks. The hog feed will require more
algae byproduct to increase the protein content of the feed. The algae byproduct may
not be free in the future, so another feedstock with high protein content needs to be
researched,
Challenges
An engineering consultant was brought in to conduct a thorough analysis of the UH
Pan`ewa Feed Mill process flow. The consultant determined that in order to efficiently
use the mill, the existing infrastructure would require upwards of $600,000 in capital
improvements.
There are multiple engineering inefficiencies:
• There are no shakers or vibrators to stream line the ingredients through the
system. This will cause bottlenecks such as unsized ingredients to build up
and cause the inefficient formulation of pellets when reaching the pelletizer.
• The hammer mill/sizing operation was built in the wrong area (midway) of the
process. Having the sizing operation at the start of the process would have a
more efficient streamlined flow of materials.
A decision was made to pivot on our initial infrastructure strategy. Hui Ho'olako for
Hawaiian Initiatives procured an 800 pounds per hour diesel -powered pelletizer to
process the feed into the proper sized pellets. HH is working on an agreement to have
this equipment housed in a warehouse on DHHL lands at Kawaihae, at the old
Millennium Carbon processing plant. Ag Energy Hawaii is completing the purchase of
this facility and has agreed to lease the warehouse to HH.
Future Work
We concluded the initial research studies at UH Hilo and determined that the project
requires further formulation work to develop the feed. Pellet formulation will be the focus
of the next study to maximize the growth of the hogs with the gorse -based feed. A
Material Transfer Agreement was signed with Associate Professor Dr. Caleb Reichhardt
at the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR), University of
Hawaii at Manoa. Dr. Reichhardt agreed to formulate the final gorse pellet product and
to conduct yield studies on hogs. A new set of trials will commence in March 2024 and
last about 90 days at CTAHR's facility. The final recipe's formulation and the trial format
is yet to be determined.
(Selected photographs on the following pages, courtesy of Pomai Freitas)
Gorse ripped out by small excavator. Loading the gorse to transport out of the field to
the processing area.
Large excavator piling up gorse before loading into tub grinder.
t
Pelleted mix feed with 17% moisture level is susceptible to mold.
s
Pelleted mix feed with 8.4% moisture level handles well and less susceptible to mold.