HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0372.195 2024-2026Ntv,or '
Ashley L. %ierkiewicz ,y?•w ""*., Office: (808) 96I-8265
Council Member •: Fax: (808) 961-8912
District 4Puna •ashleykierkiewicz@h"aiicountygov
cam'
•1}!•p�•N��
HAWAI`I COUNTY COUNCIL
Hawaii County Building
�3
a
O C7
25 Aupuni Street • Hilo, Hawai'i 96720
a
Z O
a
--I C-
DATE: March 19, 2026
10
C
3
=r
AT
TO: Holeka Inaba, Council Chairperson
ty
g
And Members of the Hawaii County Council
N
D
ts�
FROM: KJ 'Ashley L. Kierkiewicz, Council Member
Chair, Policy Committee on Planning, Land Use & Economic Development
RE: About the 2026 General Plan
The proposed General Plan 2026 draws directly from the 2045 Draft. The policies, priorities, and
years of community engagement reflected in that document form the foundation of what is now
before the Council. This memorandum explains how that material was used, what was adjusted
and why, and how the 2026 Plan aligns with Hawaii Revised Statutes Chapter 226 and the
Hawaii County Charter.
The 2045 Draft contains many valuable ideas and policy directions. It also includes material that
goes beyond the statutory role of a general plan. Many of those provisions are worthwhile
County objectives, but they are better addressed in other instruments, such as functional plans,
departmental work programs, Community Development Plans, or the Capital Improvement
Program. The General Plan should not be a catch-all for every worthy goal the County might
pursue.
_ What a General Plan is Authorized to Do
A General Plan establishes land use policy and development guidance. That is both its legal
power and its practical limit. Where the 2045 Draft ventures into areas such as carbon accounting
systems, fleet electrification programs, or healthcare delivery standards, it enters operational and
programmatic territory that a General Plan cannot enforce.
Comm. No. �•�'IJ
Ref. To: 0so. QG�al>
Serving the Interests of the People of Our Island Ref. Date tMAR_r 2- LOr 242
Hmvai'i County is an Equal OpportunityProvider and Employer - - - - _
The 2026 Plan refocuses on what the General Plan is designed to do: establish the policy
framework that guides land use decisions, shapes development patterns, directs infrastructure
investment, and stewards natural and cultural resources.
The 2026 Plan's Relationship to the 2045 Draft
On April 7, 2025, the 2045 General Plan Draft was transmitted to the Council via
Communication No. 372. The Council is now exercising its Charter authority to review and
refine the final product before adoption. At this point, the 2026 Plan should be referred to the
Windward and Leeward Planning Commissions for their independent review and comment.
The 2026 Plan maintains the core intent of the 2045 Draft — to guide growth, protect resources,
strengthen communities, and improve coordination across County government. Where necessary
provisions have been clarified, consolidated, or removed when they go beyond County authority.
The 2026 Plan is grounded in the same record that informed the 2045 Draft: a decade of
community engagement, Planning Commission deliberations, public testimony, and ongoing
updates from the Planning Department. Planning Commission review provides a public forum to
evaluate the 2026 Plan against that record and return recommendations to the Council before
final action.
The Role of the General Plan
The 2045 Draft blends policy direction with program design, implementation schedules, and
operational detail. The 2026 Plan separates those functions, restoring the General Plan to its
intended role as the County's long-range policy framework while directing programs and
projects to the instruments designed to carry them out.
2045 Draft
2026 Plan
Mixes policy and operational programs
Focuses on the policy framework
Includes programmatic initiatives
Removes operational programs
Contains project -level actions
Defers projects to CIP and work programs
Attempts to direct social and economic
programs
Guides land use conditions for those
outcomes
14 land use designations and parcel -level
mapping
Four broad categories with subcategories
Standalone Climate Change element with
unenforceable targets
Climate is embedded in elements within the
County authority
A General Plan is most effective when it sets clear policy direction and leaves implementation to
the appropriate tools: Community Development Plans, the Capital Improvement Program, the
annual budget, departmental initiatives, and County ordinances. The 2026 Plan restores that
structure.
Basis for Refinement
Refinement followed a consistent principle: retain policy direction within County authority and
relocate or remove material that cannot be implemented through the General Plan. These changes
do not diminish community or County priorities. They ensure those priorities are properly
scoped, enforceable, and aligned with the tools available to the County.
When too much is placed into a General Plan, the document begins to overpromise, and the
County is left to underdeliver. If every concept is treated as a priority, nothing is. The 2026 Plan
carries forward appropriate substance from the 2045 process in a form that can guide decisions
over the twenty-year horizon the General Plan is intended to serve.
The following table summarizes how each section of the 2045 Draft was carried forward into the
2026 Plan. It identifies what was retained, consolidated, relocated, or removed, along with the
reason for those changes.
CC Mayor's Office
Corporation Counsel
Planning Department
Core Framework & Structure
2045 Sectionlropic
Disposition
What Was Drawn into the 2026 Plan
What Was Trimmed
Basis
Introduction; Plan Purpose;
Condensed
Legal grounding, planning hierarchy, and the
Broad sustainability
HRS 226 and Charter 3-15 define the GP's
Planning System; Vision
GoaWolicies/Actions structure.
=native, repeated
scope; introductory language beyond that
Pages 24-35
definitional framing, and
definition creates interpretive ambiguity.
aspimtional vision
statements not tied to
specific County authority.
Plan Authority: Regulatory
Condensed
The distinction between regulatory tools, capital
Detailed program typologies
Program -level detail belongs in
vs. Non -Regulatory Action
investment, coordination, and programs is now
and project -level examples.
departmental work plans and the CIP. The
Pages 27-33
embedded in the Implementation Element.
GP establishes the framework; it does not
manage programs.
Natural & Cultural Resources / Climate
2045 SectiooA'opic
Disposition
What Was Drawn into the 2026 Plan
What Was Trimmed
Basis
Collaborative Biocultuml
Retained
Native ecosystem protection, watershed
Detailed program
Specific program campaigns and grant
Stewardship
stewardship, invasive species management, scenic
mechanisms, specific
pursuits are operational matters for
Pages 36-48
route protection, and cultural landscape
grant -pursuit actions,
departments. Inventories are reference
preservation all carried forward. The cultural
interagency campaign
material, not policy. Charter authorizes
practitioner/public access for subsistence —a direct
language, and Natural
protection of 'natural beauty and historical
response to GMAC's letter — was added.
Beauty Site inventory tables.
sites'— the policy is preserved.
Climate —Introduction;
Condensed
Climate background informed the direction of
The extended narrative was
Background analysis is not policy. GP
Challenge; Opportunity
natural hazards, stormwater, watershed, energy,
removed from the policy
findings sections should explain why a
(Background)
and land use policies throughout lire 2026 Plan,
text.
topic matters to land use decisions, not
Pages 55-67
and is reflected in the Findings sections of
reproduce technical reports.`
Elements 3, 4, and 5.
Climate —Objective; Policy;
Relocated
Natural hazard avoidance, watershed and native
Net -zero targets, 100%
Carbon reduction targets require State and
Action
ecosystem protection, stormwater management,
renewable fleet mandate,
federal regulatory authority —not County
Pages 68-71
and energy project siting, as it relates to reducing
'just transition' framework,
land use authority. Fleet procurement is a
long-term infrastructure vulnerability, are
equity dashboards, outreach
budget and purchasing decision. 'Just
integrated into relevant elements.
campaigns, and climate
transition' has not been defined under HRS
benchrunking actions.
226 or Charter 3-15. Dashboards and
campaigns are operational matters.
Land Ilse Rr. Develnnment Pattern
2045 Section/Topic
Disposition
What Was Drawn into the 2026 Plan
What Was Trimmed
Basis
Land Use— Introduction;
Retained
Community character, the ahupua`a framework,
TOR program mechanics
TDR programs and acquisition
Objective', Policy; Action
equitable planning process requirements,
and specific open space
mechanisms are implementation tools that
Pages 72-82
hazard -aware siting, and infrastmctme-
acquisition details removed
are operational in nature. The GP can
sequencing principle all carried forward.
from policy text.
direct development without specifying
design and color.
Land Use Designations —
Condensed
Urban Growth Area framework, infill, rural and
14-designation parcel -level
Over -prescription at the GP level increases
UGA; Rural; Agriculture
agricultural protection, and open space policies all
mapping removed. Standard
litigation risk and removes decision -
Pages 83-102
carried forward. The 2026 Plan introduces the
and guideline details
making flexibility over a 20-year horizon.
Growth Receiving Areas concept as a new tool.
tightened for readability.
Fora broad categories with subcategories based on
the 2045 Draft maps.
Infrastructure Svstems
2045 SectionuTipic
Disposition
What Was Drawn into the 2026 Plan
What Was Trimmed
Basis
Transportation Access and
Condensed
Multimodal network planning, roadway safety and
Mass transit ridership and
Details removed belong in the MTA's
Mobility
maintenance, Complete Streets, emergency access,
VMT targets, LOS
service plans and functional plans.
Pages 103-123
and ADA compliance all tamed forward.
standards, street typology
manuals, marketing
campaigns, corridor
acquisition program details,
transportation plan, and
production schedules.
Public Utilities— Water,
Retained
Watershed protection, conservation -oriented rate
100% renewable energy by
State law and departmental operations
Wastewater, Stormwateq
structure, reclaimed water reuse, su rrnwater green
2045 as a binding GP target;
govern these matters. The County's
Energy
infrastructure, on -site management requirements,
One Water campaign
advocacy and coordination role is fully
Pages 124-146
energy siting standards, and energy efficiency in
program details; specific
preserved.
County facilities all carried forward. Stonnwater
technology mandates.
moved from Transportation to Public Utilities.
Public Utilities—
Condensed
Broadband access, co -location of telecom
Submarine cable advocacy,
Federal/State jurisdiction and private sector
Telecommunications and
infrastructure,siting, and design standards retained
service provider incentives,
domain
Broadband Connectivity
as policy goals.
cybersecurity, last -mile
Pages 147-150
subsidies, and broadband
deployment dashboards.
Public Facilities & Services
2045 Sectionfropic
Disposition
What Was Drawn into the 2026 Plan
What Was Trimmed
Basis
Public Facilities & Services—
Condensed
Facility siting, service coverage distribution,
Detailed departmental
Operational management, not land use
Protective Services; Facility
emergency operations planning, and multi -purpose
operating measures, staffing
policy.
Planning
and hazard -resilient facility design for public
ratios, and response times.
Pages 151-160
buildings, all carried forward.
Public Facilities & Services—
Condensed
Solid waste facility siting and land use
Zero -waste targets,
Zero Waste is an operational target. Park
Solid Waste; Education;
compatibility, composting and diversion
10-minute walk park
proximity standards belong in a Parks
Recreation
infrastructure planning, parks and recreation
standard, educationaccess,
Master Plan or County Code. Education is
Pages 161-174
facility distribution and equity, and recreational
service models, and
the State'sjurisdiction.
access to natural resources all carried forward.
recreational programming
specifications.
Public Facilities & Services —
Relocated
Land use compatibility, the County's enabling role
Healthcare delivery
The County does not regulate or operate
Community Health and
in facilitating healthcare access partnerships, and
standards and social service
healthcare systems.
Wellness
parks/trails as health infrastructure were retained.
models.
Pages 175-177
Housin¢ & Intezrated Systems
2045 Section/Topic
Disposition
What Was Drawn into the 2026 Plan
What Was Trimmed
Basis
Housing for All
Retained
Affordable housing as a policy priority, full
AMI production goals, unit
Targets belong in housing plans.
Pages 178-185
housing spectrum, housing -land use integration,
targets, and project -level
and infilVredevelopment priority all carved
implementation details.
forward.
Integrated Systems
Condensed
Cross -sector coordination as a planning principle,
The standalone Integrated
Coordination is better enforced through the
Pages 186-190
organizational alignment between departments,
Systems element and equity
Implementation Element's specific actions.
and a systems -thinking approach to service
outcome mandate were
delivery are all absorbed and cross-referenced
removed as a separate
throughout all eight elements.
element.
Economy
2045 Sectioo/roplc
Disposition
What Was Drawn into the 2026 Plan
What Was Trimmed
Basis
Economy —Introduction;
Condensed
Diversification, local enterprise, place -based
"Regenerative economy"
Not grounded in County authority.
Goal; Objective; Policy;
revitalization, workforce development, and the
ideological framing, United
Substantive and relevant content preserved
Action
land use -economy link all carried forward.
Nations Sustainability
in plain language.
Pages 191-200
Development Goals
alignment references, and
broad narrative repetition.
Economy— Agriculture,and
Retained
Agricultural lands protection, water systems,
Duplicated content
Organized under appropriate elements; no
Food Systems
biosecurity, and local production are all carried
streamlined.
loss of substance.
Pages 201-208
forward; content is distributed between Economy
and Land Use.
Economy —Visitor Industry
Condensed i
Destination Management Plan linkage, carrying
Detailed destination-
Destination management programs are
Pages 209-213
capacity, tourism revenue reinvestment for
management frameworks,
operational matters.
infrastructure, siting standards, and Banyan Drive
campaign strategies.
as a priority, all carried forward.
Implementation, Monitoring & Maps
2045 Section/Topic
Disposition
What Was Drawn into the 2026 Plan
What Was Trimmed
Basis
Implementation &
Retained
Planning hierarchy, CIP alignment, lifecycle
None of the substance was
Strong alignment with GP role; retained in
Monitoring —Framing; CIP;
costing, and coordination were all carried forward
removed from this section.
full.
Planning Hierarchy
and sharpened.
Pages 214-220
,
Monitoring and Evaluation;
Condensed
Monitoring and reporting requirements,
35-page implementation
The 2026 Plan embeds responsibilities
Implementation Tables
transparency, and departmental responsibility were
tables removed.
directly in Actions.
Pages 221-255
all carried forward.
References
Removed
All technical references.
Not policy; no legal effect.
Pages 256-263
Policy Maps
Refined
Required land use map. The 2026 Plan presents a
14-designation consolidated
Consistent with the Charter's'broad-bmsh'
Pages 264.310
more streamlined version based on the 2045 Draft.
into four broad categories.
standard for GP maps.