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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0372.213 2024-2026 From: Akuakea Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 9:19 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: GP 2045... Bill 66 Opposed to GP 2045 • 1. GP 2045 Does NOT have public support. Thousands of testimonies in opposition since Aug2024. 2. A number of well informed testifiers have meaningful input that has been offered... so far virtually no impact on the document. 3. Council members. You are to represent us. Not your own interests. Thank you for your oath to the constitution. It matters. 4. Property rights are sacred. Privacy is precious. Property taxes are oppressive and the primary way the unreachable goals set by an extremely cumbersome general plan are funded. 5. I have a petition in my possession signed by virtually every person in the room in Papaikou BEFORE going before the planning commission and when public input could have still be readily included... and those voices were ignored then and are still being ignored now. Im opposed to the plan and opposed to the way this commission has been ignoring meaningful public input. Mahalo. His kingdom come in Hawaii as in heaven A • Sent from Proton Mail for Android. Comm. No. 372 . i3 Ref. To: ?/eb W1G t. 1 Ref. Date JUN 0 3 2026 From: Hilary Alexander Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 7:35 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66-SECOND READING • To members of Hawai'i County Council, I am in strong opposition to Bill 66 and General Plan 2045.There are many issues and red flags with this plan. Many parts of this plan are opposed by the majority of people that live and work here and are effecting our rights as citizens and the environment we live in. I am just going to address one issue here and that is.regarding Telecommunications and Broadband Connectivity. In the plan 2045 draft#2,Chapter 4.3.7, page 149, Objective 30, Policies 30.9, it states; "Alleviate barriers and assist broadband projects with navigating through the regulatory and permitting process" Large Broadband Infrastructure projects and Data Centers go hand in hand.We do not need Al Data Centers here!They put too much demand on the water and power infrastructures and are known for causing high amounts of pollution.This is not a legacy I want to leave for this island and our people. This is a HUGE red flag.They want to make it really easy for large developers to bypass regulatory and permitting processes.They want to skirt around the law. Permitting and regulatory processes are in place for a reason.They are there to make sure that large projects have to provide things like an environmental and impact statement,which protect our island. I have spent most of my life on Hawai'i Island,and I love this island.We need to protect our island,our aina. Raping the land for the sake of technology is not acceptable. Sincerely, Hilary Alexander P.O. Box 4819 Kailua Kona, HI 96745 1 From: Holly Algood Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 1:06 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Fwd: URGENT-IMPORTANT: Bill 66 (2045 General Plan) - Final Council Hearing /testimony Subject:Support for Bill 66 -General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Aloha Chair and Members of the Hawai'i County Council, My name is Holly Algood. I live in Hawi. I'm writing to ask the Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 Draft 2 with its targets and accountability structures intact, and to reject amendments that remove quantitative benchmarks,the energy and resilience framework, or the biocultural stewardship provisions. 1. I care about this because Hawai'i Island's dependence on imported fossil fuels keeps my electricity and gas spending high.A General Plan without energy self-sufficiency targets won't change that. 2. I care about this because the 2045 General Plan includes commitments to resilience and hazard preparedness. Removing them leaves the County without measurable goals for protecting communities from the next disaster. 3. I care about this because I support Hawai'i's transition to locally generated clean energy, including geothermal, solar, and wind. State law requires county plans to work toward eliminating dependence on imported fuel.The 2045 General Plan includes targets that align with the mandate. Removing them puts the County out of step with state law. 4. I care about this because low-income and rural communities on Hawai'i Island pay the highest energy costs and have the least access to infrastructure.The 2045 General Plan's equity provisions direct County investments to the communities that need them most. Stripping those provisions removes the accountability for equitable outcomes. 5. I care about this because I support clean transportation /clean, affordable energy.The 2045 General Plan includes fleet electrification targets,transit improvements, and energy diversification commitments that directly affect us. Mahalo, - Holly Algood 808 557-0354 • 1 II�� 1 111 IIIII ill1luu1 I 'I hiV l 11 q 11011111 1110 dam some," 4-- A Iv w A!oha Ifa rrxiL rg MISSION TESTIMONY IN SUPPORT OF BILL 66, DRAFT 2 Aloha Independent Hawai`i County Council — Second and Final Reading Living Hawaii(AILH) June 3, 2026 dedicated to providing TO: Chair Inaba and Members of the Hawai`i County Council independent living FROM: Roxanne Untalan Bolden, Executive Director,Aloha programs and services for persons Independent Living Hawai`i with disabilities in Aloha Chair Inaba and Members of the Council, Hawaii,. We work together Aloha Independent Living Hawai`i (AILH) is the federally designated with the community statewide Center for Independent Living serving rural O`ahu and all and consumers to improve the quality neighbor islands, with our main office in Hilo. We work alongside people of lifed through choices with cross-disabilityexperience — physical, sensory, cognitive, mental Individual P P Y � and access to health, and chronic health conditions —to advance consumer control, services. self-determination, peer support, and community living over EXECUTIVE institutionalization. We write today in support of Bill 66, Draft 2, adopting DIRECTOR Roxanne U.Bolden the Final Recommended Draft General Plan 2045 as Appendix A. BOARD OF DIRECTORS WHY WE SUPPORTITHE 2045 PLAN Chair f Sec The 2045 Plan is a meaningful improvement over the 2005 General Plan for Valerie Yamada people with disabilities on Hawaii Island. It replaces "special needs"framing Vice Chair with consistent, rights-based language naming individuals with disabilities, Zora Shove universal design, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and mobility equity. Treasurer Three elements stand out. Jonalhan Yap The new Housing for All section (4.5) explicitly incentivizes universal Member Scott Suzuki design and ADA accessibility in new development(Objective 37) and in Sheila C Steneda rehabilitation of the existing stock(Objective 38). Objective 39 names Jennifer Hartsook individuals with disabilities as a priority group for affordable housing, alongside elderly residents, agricultural workers, and others. Crucially, the 0,1 111I 11 li 1 i11111IId11111 1II II II I11 V 11 14 II I I I I I 1I11 11 II� i I 1 II'III II II 1 1„ t Il Il 1 1 1 ' 1 ;I II I I1111 11 I 1 III [I 1 lli 11i 111111li 1I 1111111 I I 1 lilli � I11�IIIIIIIiI.amuuu u � iIL I i 1111111,,1 IHI l!4n�.�1l 11 i al i''{nn,„II.11111111111 c` • 141,0 :a^ C � w wwv lalal. llawaii:arg TAP Plan ties housing to transportation and services, supporting the integrated MISSION community living envisioned by the Supreme Court in Olmstead v. L.C., 527 Aloha Independent U.S. 581 (1999). Living Hawaii(AILH) dedicated to The Transportation Access and Mobility chapter elevates non-drivers — providing independent living including many people with disabilities — to explicit priority users of the programs and transportation system. Objective 18, Policy 18.2 commits the County to services for persons with disabilities in "provide more equitable mobility for youth, low-income, elderly, and people Hawaii. with disabilities;'with measurable level-of-service standards for transit. We work together Objective 19, Policy 19.4 commits the County to increase mobility for with the communitymers non-licensed adults, low-income residents, elderlyresidents, and people and consumers toP P improve the quality with mobility limitations through alternative modes. Implementation of life through Individual choices indicators include the percentage of sidewalks and bike paths meeting ADA and access to standards, which gives the community a meaningful accountability metric. services. EXECUTIVE. The Implementation chapter establishes Community Development Plans DIRECTOR (Section 6.2.1) as the primary vehicle for translating General Plan Roxanne IL Bolden commitments into district-level actions, paired with a Mayor's Annual BAD OF Report and a 5-year implementation status report. This framework creates DIRECTORS predictable opportunities for community participation and outcome Chair l Sec .trackin Valerie Yamada g Vice Chair COmM ME T:S u011 Nkui: m ,:L....Em M,E TATI OIIIIIIIII°II�IiIiIiiIl'ulIlmllluoiI ll o�IIIldiuIlIlqIu':l,,u1uimIIullI ll1luI uuIlI;mul',n11qu1u1 n IhIIIII1I1 a1I1lIiilIir IuII1 II 1I I 11llm1 u1lll1 I� r �'1IuIIu11j1hi11GZora Shove We offer four observations to guide implementation after adoption. Treasurer . Jonathan yap First, the interim amendments process anticipated by the Planning Member Director and Corporation Counsel will be substantively consequential. We S Suzuki Sheilaila Gashaneela P Y res ectfull ask the Council to ensure that future interim amendments Jennifer Harts°°k preserve and strengthen — never weaken — the 2045 Plan's explicit disability, universal design, ADA, and mobility equity language, and to 11111111111III'I IIIJou II ii ull 111M 11 mill II IIII V91II I I1 I of141nll III ll 111 II , 1111111 gll reitt.if provide adequate public notice and meaningful opportunity for MISSION disability-community input before substantive amendments are adopted. Aloha Independent Second, the Capital Improvement Program must be aligned with the Lining Hawaii(AILH) dedicated to General Plan's IL-relevant provisions. While the Plan names individuals with providing independent living disabilities and commits to universal design and ADA, it does not set programs and numeric targets for accessible units,ADA-compliant infrastructure, or services for persons with disabilities in paratransit coverage. We encourage the Council to apply the Plan's Hawaii. commitments to CIP prioritization with particular attention to accessible We work together affordable housing, paratransit infrastructure, and ADA-compliant withthe communitysidewalks and crossings — and to consider disabili disa re ated • and consumers to g disability- gg g improve the quality indicators in the Mayor's Annual Report. of life through Individual choices Third, we support Council Member Kimball's anticipated revised proposal and access to services. moving toward a moratorium or prohibition on data centers. Protecting EXECUTIVE water resources, energy capacity, and culturally significant land has DIRECTOR disproportionate benefits for rural, low-income, and disability communities, Roxanne U.Bolden who bear the burdens first when these resources are over-allocated. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Fourth, the absence of an adopted Hilo Community Development Plan is a Chair 1Sec structural concern given that Hilo is the largest population center on the Valerie Yamada island. Many AILH consumers live in,work in, or rely on services in Hilo. We Vice Chair encourage Council to prioritize a Hilo CDP process that includes Zora Shove meaningful disability-community engagement and embeds IL-relevant Treasurer district-level commitments consistent with the new General Plan Jonathan dap framework. Member Scott Suzuki CLOSING ii Illlllllui IIII it Shea Castaneda • Jerniter Hartsodc AILH supports the adoption of Bill 66, Draft 2. We thank the Council for the years of work that brought the 2045 Plan to this moment, and we thank the III,'ill 1 Ill i 1 „ h111'1 II I p11 III 1 III II ,'ll III, III, II I 1 II Ill I' ii i�i Illy j1111 i hi, ��i Ph fill 'III,to LI -I"oil ' wee?) ((tits.. ??-31) • `ati www.AtohaILH awcaiLorg Planning Department and Director Darrow for stewarding a process that MISSION listened to thousands of community voices over more than a decade. After Aloha Independent adoption, AILH offers ourselves as a resource for the interim amendments Ling Hawaii(AILH) process, CIP prioritization, CDP development, and the implementation dedicated to providing reporting framework.We look forward to continued partnership. independent living programs and Mahalo for your time and consideration. services for persons with disabilities in We work together. ,v.a z., .49 _� -. with the community and consumers to improve the quality of life through Roxanne Bolden Individual choices Executive Director and access to services. EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Roxanne U Bolden BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chair!Sec Valerie Yamada Vice Chair Zara Shove Treasurer Jonathan Yap Member Scott Suzuki Sheila CasIeneda Jennifer liartsedic From: Karen Alvarado Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 1:40 PM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada, Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Cc: Mayor's Office Executive Subject: Oppose GP 2045/Bi1166 Subject: Oppose GP 2045/Bill66 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have hot been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. • Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process. A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate, transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawai'i County. We oppose these high particular highlights in the plan: 1. Property Grabs: (Action 1.13)This authorizes the County to "acquire private lands"without explicit, limits or protections against eminent domain. 2. Erosion of Land Rights: (Section 17.4) this pushes to incorporate private land improvements into public"open space networks" without fair compensation. 3. Forced Clustering: Section 4.0 dictates "compact development"to funnel residents into tightly packed urban zones, threatening our rural lifestyle. i 4. Vehicle Ownership Threats: Section 4.2 outlines aggressive "net-zero" mandates that critics warn will phase out gas and diesel vehicles on our massive rural island. This is wrong for so many reasons: This is against our constitutional rights as Americans. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Karen Alvarado Kohala/Hawi • Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 8:04 AM To: Order Desk; Council Testimony Subject: RE: Oppose Bill 66 From:Order Desk Sent:Saturday, May 30, 2026 7:59 PM Subject:Oppose Bill 66 • Aloha. I strongly oppose Bill 66. Its broad stroke approach to limiting land and vehicle ownership clearly violates our civil rights and should not be considered to move forward under any circumstances. Mahalo for your kokua. Zettelyss Amora. Kamuela • • Sent: Wednesday,June 3, 2026 7:53 AM To: ronelle andrade; Council Testimony Subject: RE:Testimony to Oppose or Postpone Bill 66 Original Message From: ronelle andrade • Sent:Wednesday,June 3, 2026 5:33 AM To:Council Remote Testimony<councilremotetestimony@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject:Testimony to Oppose or Postpone Bill 66 Aloha Hawaii County Council Members, My name is Ronelle Andrade, I am writing to oppose Bill 66, Draft 2,the General Plan 2045. I ask the Council to postpone the final vote or vote NO as currently written. Hawaii Island is not like Oahu. Many of us live rural,agricultural, off-grid,and spread-out lives. We depend on our land, our vehicles,our animals, our farms, our catchment systems,our tools,and our open space.Any long-term plan that affects land use,development,transportation, energy, infrastructure,agriculture,and rural communities must be handled carefully and transparently. A 300+ page General Plan should not be rushed through without the full understanding of the people it will affect. Even if the plan is described as a guide, General Plans influence future zoning, permitting,funding priorities, land-use decisions,and future laws.That means the language in this plan matters. Before any final vote, residents deserve clear answers: Will private property rights be fully protected? Will rural and agricultural landowners still be able to use, improve, and pass down their land? Will off-grid families be protected? Will rural residents who depend on gas and diesel vehicles be protected from unrealistic transportation policies? Will future zoning or land-use changes be forced onto communities without meaningful public consent? Will private land ever be used for public goals without fair compensation? I am not against responsible planning. I am against approving a massive long-term plan without enough public trust, plain-language explanations, and clear protections for the people who actually live here. I urge the Council to: 1 Postpone the final vote on Bill 66; Hold more public meetings across the island,especially in rural communities; Provide a clear, plain-language explanation of how this plan affects property rights, rural land use,farming,off-grid living,transportation,and future zoning;Add explicit protections for private property owners,agricultural land, rural lifestyles,and fair compensation;Or vote NO on Bill 66 as currently written. Please slow this process down. Hawaii Island residents deserve time,clarity,and protection before a plan this large and far-reaching is adopted. Mahalo for your time and service. Mahalo, Ronelle Andrade This affects our basic rights to life, liberty, property,self-sufficiency,and the ability to pursue a safe and meaningful life on our own lands' 2 From: zooby dooby Sent: Wednesday,June 3, 2026 9:14 AM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Subject: Oust 2045 Hello I'm a concerned Hawaii resident. I First want to remind you .That you work for the people . Not the NGO's.This bill is a disgrace to everyone living in Hawaii. Its obscure wording and lack of transparency is a tell-tale sign of"Shareholder's aka billionaires lobbying to uproot residents from their homes to make way for Data center's and smart cities... Like the handling of Lahaina and the Covid lockdowns forcing deadly experimental Jabs.And Remdesivor.Vaccine passports.To bend to-the globalist agenda's 2030 great reset.This tyranny will not be tolarated by supposed elected officials like yourselves.You live here too.And instead of making Hawaii beautiful and loving. I feel you're allowing it to burn to make way for big bucks land grabs. Other states like Florida are doing away with property taxes. But here you wanna tax rainwater.That's crazy talk. Can you even give 5 reasons that this bill is a good idea? I vote for the revised 2026 plan.Which makes more sense to me. Going full electric is also not doable with current battery tech . Electric cars and the weather don't mix well. How do you expect to charge everything?and put out potential fires from lithium batteries? I'm all for upgrades and tech . But we don't need Al controlling our lives. Do you live next to a 5g tower? Have you lost your mind?There is a large pushback on a bill like this.We know what's at stake. Do the right thing and vote down this bill. It's a no brainer.Thank you. • • • 1 • From: art4aloha Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 8:09 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Bill 66 second reading Opposed vehemently I am strongly opposed to bill 66 second reading. My vote depends on you not pushing this awful bill on our rural island. Please respond to the many voters asking you to say NO TO BILL 66. Mahalo for your time and caring. Please reply. Sent using the mobile mail app • From: Clarence Baber Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026-10:33 AM To: Council Testimony Aloha, my name is Clarence Baber. I am in strong opposition to this bill, 66,which is running over people without anyone supporting it. Don't understand how this can happen in a democracy.When I have been to many, many meetings, and none of the things that people request at those meetings are included in this plan.This is a takeover plan. It is not a plan for the people of this island it is somebody else's plan to get rid of the people on this island Veterans Fish, Food&Farming, Inc.(VF3) Regenerating America's farmland through veteran-led innovation. Confidentiality Notice:The information contained in this email may be confidential, legally privileged, and intended only for the recipient(s).Any unauthorized use, disclosure, or distribution is strictly prohibited. If you received this message in error, please delete it and notify the sender. VF3 operates in alignment with federal, state, and environmental regulations. ©VF3—Wet Bokashi • Hemp Agriculture • Soil Regeneration. 1 • From: Tanner Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 9:01 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING The Government has no right to acquire private land from citizens. Especially not without due process. The 5th amendment reads that the government has no right to take public land without fair compensation and it must be for public use. • Leave sovereign property owners alone!! Strike down this bill -Tanner Bailey From Ainaloa, Hawai'i 1 From: Ron Roberta Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 4:52 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Support for Bill 66—General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Aloha Chair and Members of the Hawai' i County Council, • My name is Roberta Baker. I live in Hilo. I'm writing to ask the Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 Draft 2 with its targets and accountability structures intact, and to reject amendments that remove quantitative benchmarks,the energy resilience framework, or the biocultural stewardship provisions. I care about this because low income and rural communities on Hawai' i Island pay the highest energy costs and have the least access to infrastructure.The 2045 General Plan's equity provisions direct County investments to the communities that need them the most.Stripping those provisions removes the • accountability for equitable outcomes. Please vote to pass Bill 66 and the General Plan 2045 Draft 2. Mahalo, Roberta Baker Hilo 1 1 • Sent: Wednesday,June 3, 2026 7:51 AM To: Adrian Barnes Cc: Council Testimony Subject: RE: Bill 66 Testimonials Original Message From:Adrian Barnes Sent:Tuesday,June 2, 2026 7:57 PM To:Council Remote Testimony<councilremotetestimony@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject: Bill 66 Testimonials Aloha Chair Inaba and Members of the County Council, My name is Michael Adrian Barnes. I reside in Orchidlands Estates for the last ten years. I have built small and large integrated aquaculture and agriculture projects in more than twenty countries on four continents before moving to Hawaii. Both corporate and small farms from design to implementation. I believe that Hawaii Island has the potential,the history and the natural resources to "ride the storm" using its culture,its own resources physical and human. Today my work and livelihood revolves around integrated aquaculture using off-grid solar,water and sustainable food production and I do this work mainly to mentor future farmers. I am testifying today to urge this Council to exercise restraint and defer the vote on Bill 66,the General Plan 2045. While this document extensively utilizes the vocabulary of"climate resilience" and "sustainability,"we must be acutely aware of how broad regulatory language can be manipulated. In many cases of this type across other jurisdictions,we have seen allegations and convictions arise because legislation marketed as an "increase in sustainable practices" achieved the exact opposite. In actual fact,the legislative changes simply allowed government regulators to be used to promote non-sustainable,corporate-driven practices while locking out local innovation. We cannot risk the proposed "Natural" land use designations or top-down mandates becoming tools that suffocate true local resilience under a green veneer. If this plan imposes paralyzing bureaucratic hurdles on rural communities on small farmers scaling up local feed production to replace imports, it fails the very people it claims to protect. Our island is deeply vulnerable to supply chain shocks. We do not need another plan that could be leveraged by external corporate interests—for example high-energy consumption data centres—while restricting the land use of those actually producing our food and energy. 1 I am asking this Council to hold the line.today. Please defer this vote until a more specific, holistically inclusive plan can be presented to the public—one that clearly and transparently integrates energy autonomy,water management, local food production,and rural shelter within a functional climate change framework. Mahalo for your attention Michael Adrian Barnes • • From: Jana Bogs Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 9:27 PM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz,Ashley Cc: Mayor's Office Executive Subject: Oppose GP 2045 Aloha Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections. These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process. A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate, transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Jana D. Bogs, MS, PhD Ka'u District • From: Nancy Bondurant Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 3:01 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong opposition to Bill 66, draft 2 PUBLIC NOTICE • FORMAL NOTICE OF OPPOSITION, PRIOR KNOWLEDGE,AND POTENTIAL LIABILITY Jurisdiction: County of Hawaii—Hawaii County Council Subject: Bill 66(Draft 2)—Hawaii County General Plan 2045 Date of Filing:June 3, 2026 This notice is hereby submitted to the public record of the Hawaii County Council and is simultaneously published for the awareness of all residents of Hawaii Island and the general public. DECLARATION OF ABSOLUTE OPPOSITION Bill 66(Draft 2) and the Hawaii County General Plan 2045 I submit this testimony in absolute opposition to Bill 66(Draft 2) and the sweeping mandates contained within the General Plan 2045 draft.As a working-class resident of Hawaii Island, I am placing this council on formal notice of the constitutional violations, public safety hazards, economic destruction, and jurisdictional overreach embedded in this legislation. • I explicitly demand that this council reject the unachievable mandates of the 2045 Plan and vote NO on Bill 66. PILLAR I: CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES, PROPERTY RIGHTS,AND THE RIGHT TO MOBILITY Our families have built lives of self-reliance on this island.The right to choose how we travel, sustain our livelihoods, and use property we have earned is not a privilege—it is a constitutionally protected liberty. Violation of the Fundamental Right to Travel The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees freedom of movement as an essential component of liberty.As affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S.489(1999),this right cannot be infringed. By mandating the phase-out of the only viable, affordable transportation available to rural and lower- income residents—with no functional public alternative—this council creates an unconstitutional barrier to basic mobility. Unconstitutional Regulatory Taking The Fifth Amendment and Article I, Section 20 of the Hawaii State Constitution prohibit the taking or damaging of private property without just compensation.When government policy systematically destroys the economic value and viability of local mechanic shops, diesel specialists, and independent 1 parts stores, it constitutes a Regulatory Taking(Inverse Condemnation). This county can be held financially liable to compensate those business owners for the total destruction of their livelihoods. Resale Value Collapse Working-class residents who purchased trucks and work vehicles as long-term financial assets will watch those assets stripped of value by government mandate—without compensation.This is a de facto taking that compounds the constitutional injury already described. . PILLAR II: PUBLIC SAFETY, GRID FAILURE,WILDFIRE RISK,AND COUNTY LIABILITY THIS SECTION CONSTITUTES FORMAL NOTICE OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND POTENTIAL COUNTY LIABILITY. Hawaii Island faces compounding natural hazards:volcanic eruptions, earthquakes,tsunamis, flash floods, hurricanes—and, as the 2023 Maui fires made devastatingly clear, catastrophic wildfire. Mandating mass EV adoption onto this island without the infrastructure to support it is not progressive policy. It is reckless endangerment. Grid Failure:A Single Point of Failure The electrical grid is invariably the first infrastructure to fail in any major disaster. Families cannot wait hours for a vehicle to charge during an emergency evacuation. Emergency responders, contractors, and private citizens cannot afford dead batteries when lives are on the line.This is not a theoretical risk—it is the documented reality of every major weather event this island has experienced. Wildfire:A Clear and Present Danger The Big Island's dry leeward corridors—South Kohala, North Kona, and Ka'u—are among the most fire- prone landscapes in the state. During drought and Kona wind conditions, these grasslands ignite and spread with terrifying speed. Mandating a mass transition to electric vehicles on an island with this fire profile,without specialized firefighting infrastructure, is unconscionable. • Thermal Runaway:The Accident-Ignition Risk When an EV is involved in a collision—even a moderate one—a punctured or compromised battery pack can enter thermal runaway: a self-sustaining chemical reaction that cannot be stopped with standard fire suppression.The documented facts are as follows: • Thermal runaway can ignite minutes, hours, or days after the initial crash with no warning • Standard water and foam suppression are ineffective—documented incidents have required 30,000 to 100,000 gallons of water to control • Reignition risk persists long after the fire appears extinguished • Rural Big Island roads have long emergency response times and severely limited water access A single EV collision on a dry roadside during Kona wind conditions could trigger a wildfire of the scale that consumed Lahaina.This council must confront that reality directly. Establishing County Liability This testimony places this council on formal,written notice of these life-threatening risks. Should grid failure strand evacuating families, or should a thermal runaway event trigger a wildfire causing loss of life or property,this document constitutes an unshakeable public record that the county acted with prior knowledge. It will be used to support wrongful death and gross negligence claims against the county government. 2 PILLAR III: ECONOMIC DESTRUCTION OF LOCAL TRADES,AGRICULTURE,AND SUPPLY CHAINS The internal combustion engine is the economic backbone of this island's working class. Bill 66 does not transition an economy—it dismantles one. Eradication of Working-Class Jobs Independent mechanics, diesel technicians,transmission shops, and auto parts retailers will be systematically eliminated. Proprietary EV repair software locks out local shops and transfers their business to corporate mainland dealerships.Wealth built over generations in these trades will be forcibly transferred to corporate entities with no stake in this community. The Agricultural and Paniolo Penalty Electric heavy machinery cannot match the sustained torque and range required to haul livestock, construction equipment, and agricultural loads up steep island grades—Kona to the Saddle being a prime example—without debilitating battery drain.The electric alternatives that can perform this work are prohibitively expensive. Forcing farmers and ranchers to absorb these costs will drive the price of locally grown food and goods even higher, deepening hardship for every resident on this island. Foreign Supply Chain Vulnerability EVs and their components depend almost entirely on foreign supply chains—lithium, cobalt, and rare earth minerals sourced from China and the Democratic Republic of Congo. For an island that already struggles with supply chain fragility,this creates a dangerous new dependency.A grid-down event compounded by a shipping disruption leaves residents with no parts, no service, and no recourse. Accessibility and Vulnerable Populations Elderly residents, people with disabilities, and lower-income families are the most harmed by forced vehicle transitions.They often rely on older, paid-off ICE vehicles as their only means of independence and cannot navigate complex charging infrastructure or absorb the cost of new vehicles.This mandate falls hardest on those least able to bear it. PILLAR IV: INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURES AND BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY Passing sweeping multi-decade mandates without independent, certified financial and engineering audits is a reckless breach of fiduciary duty to the taxpayers of this county. No Grid-Readiness Certification The county has produced no certified engineering data demonstrating that Hawaiian Electric—which already experiences rolling blackouts and high-wind disruptions—can sustain thousands of heavy EVs simultaneously without crashing the system and driving utility rates to unaffordable levels.This foundational question has not been answered. Toxic Battery Disposal Hawaii County has no infrastructure to safely recycle expired lithium-ion EV batteries.Stockpiling these batteries in local landfills creates an undeniable environmental hazard:toxic chemical runoff threatening our water table, and the risk of volatile, unquenchable chemical fires that our rural fire departments are not equipped to fight. Accelerated Road Destruction 3 EV battery packs make electric vehicles substantially heavier than comparable ICE vehicles.Thousands of heavier vehicles on already deteriorating county roads will accelerate infrastructure destruction at a cost borne entirely by local taxpayers—a cost this plan makes no provision to address. PILLAR V: FEDERAL PREEMPTION AND LACK OF JURISDICTION This council does not possess the legal authority to mandate vehicle phase-outs or impose localized automotive bans. Under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act(EPCA),Title 42 U.S.C. §6297(a),federal law explicitly preempts state and local regulations concerning vehicle fuel economy and emissions standards.As reinforced by the Second Circuit in Metropolitan Taxicab Board of Trade v. City of New York, 615 F.3d 152 (2d Cir. 2010), local governments are barred from using municipal ordinances to bypass federal vehicle standards or mandate specific alternative-fuel fleets.This ordinance constitutes an illegal exercise of county authority and is subject to federal preemption challenge. CONCLUSION The deep internal division within this council—including active pushback from members against the most restrictive elements of the 2045 Plan—confirms what working people on this island already know: this legislation is fundamentally detached from the realities of rural Big Island life. You were not given a mandate to outlaw our vehicles, destroy our livelihoods, compromise our safety during natural disasters,violate federal law, or strip constitutional protections from the people you were elected to serve. Stand with local workers. Protect our rural way of life. Respect our freedoms. Vote NO on Bill 66. DECLARANT'S STATEMENT I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge, and that I am a resident of Hawaii County, State of Hawaii. Signature: Dr. Nancy Bondurant Ocean View, Hawaii county, Hawaii. Dated June 2, 2026 • 206-619-9220 This Public Notice has been submitted to the official public record of the Hawaii County Council and is hereby published for the awareness of all residents of Hawaii Island and the general public. It is the 4 From: Hawaiian Acres Road Corporation Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 7:33 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Oppose bill 66! It seems our public has not been informed with proper information and time to research regarding this bill 66. • Today is the first I've gotten clear enough details to what's being proposed, and I actually attend council meetings that directly affect our community. It's unclear to me as to to advantages of bill 66 for our island and it's residents,yet it's seems clear the possible dangers to people and their sovernity as land owners and farmers. With our current political climate being run by corporate and foreign interests, I fear our law makers here in Hawaii are possibly being used as puppets to hand our land over to the rich, once again. Prove us wrong by atleast delaying this bill so it can have the proper public awareness needed regarding how our land rights are being meddled with by this bill. Jaylyn Brendlen. jrbrendlen(agmail.com Hawaiian Acres Road Corporation (H.A.R.C.) P.O. Box 1261 Kurtistown, HI 96760 808-313-0542 hawaiianacresroads®gmail.com Keep Updated on our website www.harc4u.com Or follow us on Facebook 1 From: Sloan Brockman Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:27 PM To: Council Testimony Cc: Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; james.hustac@hawaiicounty.gov; Kierkiewicz,Ashley; Mayor's Office Executive Subject: Vote no on community development plan 2045 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years,many residents have testified against GP2045,raising concerns about property rights,land-use changes,agricultural impacts,map inaccuracies,and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion,lead to inconsistent interpretations,and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners • and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process.A plan intended to guide Hawai`i Island for decades should be accurate,transparent,and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights,supports local farmers,preserves local control,and respects meaningful public participation.I have not struggled my entire life to FINALLY have a home for my self&my family to have a bunch of corporate "stakeholders"re-zone my area,thus STEALING my entire life's effort from me! This shall not come to pass. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better,path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration,and service to our community. Sincerely, Sloan Brockman 1 From: Jesse Broderson Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 12:20 PM To: Council Testimony; Mayor's,Office Executive Subject: GP2045 Aloha I am asking our Hawaii council to oppose GP2045. And support GP2026. I have reviewed both plans and find the GP2026 much more in line with Hawaii residents and values. I am a local from Kona, born and raised,went to graduate school, got a doctorate and have been home operating a healthcare office for 25 years. I support GP 2026 with a deep understanding of Hawaii. Mahalo Dr Jesse Broderson 1 From: ru Carley Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 4:22 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: General Plan 2045 - No Thank You! I am adamantly AGAINST the GP 2045. You, our county council,work for us, and there is so much opposition against this plan,testifying for years that we do not support it,that you must do the right thing &vote for the GP 2026. Anyone voting for the passing of GP 2045 is not listening to the people and is a pawn of something very nefarious. DO NOT PASS GENERAL PLAN 2045!! Sent from Yahoo Mail for iPhone 1 From: Lavaroots Performing Arts Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 2:56 PM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz,Ashley Cc: mayorsoffice@hawaii.gov Subject: Oppose GP 2045/Bill 66 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process. A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate, transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawai'i County. We oppose these high particular highlights in the plan: 1. Property Grabs: (Action 1.13)This authorizes the County to "acquire private lands"without explicit limits or protections against eminent domain. 2. Erosion of Land Rights: (Section 17.4) this pushes to incorporate private land improvements into public"open space networks" without fair compensation. 3. Forced Clustering: Section 4.0 dictates "compact development"to funnel residents into tightly packed urban zones,threatening our rural lifestyle: 4. Vehicle Ownership Threats: Section 4.2 outlines aggressive "net-zero" mandates that critics warn will phase out gas and diesel vehicles on our massive rural island. 1 • This is wrong for so many reasons: This is against our constitutional rights as Americans. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Michal Carrillo 2 From: Kanoe Case Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 11:20 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: OPPOSITION TO BILL66 RE: Opposition to Bill 66 (Draft 2) —Hawai`i County General Plan 2045 " Aloha Chair Inaba and Members of the Hawai`i County Council, My name is Kanoeuluwehianuhea Case and I respectfully submit testimony in opposition to Bill 66 (Draft 2), which would adopt the Hawai`i County General Plan 2045. I submit this testimony as someone who has spent considerable time following discussions regarding geothermal development, data centers, DHHL lands, OHA F5 Public Trust lands, water resources, and the future of Hawai`i Island. Most recently, I attended two MI-IL geothermal information briefings held on our Moku In Keaukaha, Waimea anx Ka`u where DHHL Chair Kali Watson, Russel Kaupu presented information regarding DHHL`s geothermal exploration and development State-wide initiatives and related renewable energy infrastructure in partnership with OHA, Kamehameha Schools and LiliuokalaninTrust. Through my engagement of these meetings, as well as my own continued research and community engagement on various issues affecting our Hawai'i, I have become increasingly concerned about the cumulative impacts of industrial-scale development on our natural resources, cultural landscapes, and the ability of future generations to maintain meaningful relationships with the `aina. I acknowledge the years of work and community participation that have gone into developing this plan. However, I believe the current draft fails to adequately protect Hawai`i Island's natural resources who we refer to as Na Akua with elemental functions that allow us life, agricultural lands, cultural landscapes, and communities from future industrial-scale development that may conflict with the principles of Aloha `Aina. Aloha `Aina is not merely environmental stewardship. It is the reciprocal relationship between people and place. It recognizes that land, water, forests, and ecosystems are not commodities to be maximized for economic gain, but living resources that sustain present and future generations. 1 The General Plan identifies geothermal energy as a resource to be supported as part of Hawai`i Island's energy future. While renewable energy is often presented as inherently beneficial, the plan does not adequately address concerns regarding cumulative impacts of geothermal expansion, including impacts to groundwater resources, cultural sites, native ecosystems, and the adverse impacts it has had on nearby communities in close proximaty of the current PGV plant in Puna. And now DHHL threatens to explore and develop on Hawaiian Public Trust lands using tax payer dollars. Many residents remain concerned that broad policy support for geothermal development could be used to justify future industrial-scale expansion without sufficient community consent or meaningful consideration of long-term environmental and cultural impacts. A planning document intended to guide Hawai`i Island through 2045 should establish stronger safeguards and clearer limits before encouraging additional geothermal development while DOH, Clean Air Branch and EPA fails to monitor impacts of toxin input into the air, currently with community members in court hearings today seeking justice for years of damage to `aina, wai and people. The General Plan's emphasis on economic diversification, innovation, technology, industrial development, and expanded energy infrastructure may also create pathways for future proposals such as large-scale data centers and other energy-intensive facilities. Communities deserve a transparent discussion regarding whether Hawai`i Island's limited land, energy resources, and water resources should be directed toward these forms of development. Before facilitating infrastructure that primarily serves global technology markets, the County should first prioritize local needs, including housing, food production, water security, healthcare, and community resilience. The Island's agricultural lands are among our most important resources. Although the General Plan contains policies supporting agriculture, many residents remain concerned that future land use decisions could gradually shift agricultural lands toward industrial, energy, or technology-related uses. Food sovereignty should be a central priority of County planning. At a time when Hawaii imports the majority of its food, our best agricultural lands should be protected 2 for local food production, farming families, and future generations rather than being viewed as potential sites for industrial development. Water is a public trust resource also known as Akua Kane and a sacred element within Hawaiian culture. The General Plan does not provide sufficient assurance that groundwater, aquifer systems, watershed recharge areas, and native forests will be protected from increasing development pressures over the coming decades. Wai is already threatened and needs to be protected and respected. Whether considering geothermal operations, industrial facilities, data centers, or other large-scale developments, the question must always be asked: What are the long-term impacts on water? The health of our watersheds directly affects drinking water, agriculture, native ecosystems, and future generations. As an advocate of Aloha `Aina, I view the decisions before us today as part of a broader pattern of land-use and development choices that will define Hawai`i Island for generations. For many in our communities, concerns regarding geothermal expansion, large-scale data centers, the Thirty Meter Telescope, and military lease extensions at POhakuloa are not isolated issues. They are connected by a common question: whether Hawai`i's lands and resources will primarily serve the needs of our communities and future generations, or the interests of outside institutions and industries. I stand in solidarity with those who have worked to protect our sacred places, cultural landscapes, native ecosystems, and public trust resources. The values that motivated community members to defend Mauna Kea, to advocate for the return and restoration of lands at Pohakuloa, and to raise concerns about industrial development across Hawai`i Island are the same values that inform my opposition to Bill 66. Aloha `Aina requires us to evaluate development not only by its economic benefits, but by its impacts on water, cultural resources, community well-being, food security, and our relationship with the land itself. 3 Many community members have also raised concerns regarding amendments, substitute drafts, and whether the public has been given adequate opportunity to review significant changes made during the legislative process. For a document that will shape Hawaii Island for the next twenty years, transparency and public participation should not be treated as procedural requirements but as foundational principles. I respectfully urge the Council to vote NO on Bill 66 (Draft 2), or defer adoption until stronger protections for agricultural lands, water resources, cultural landscapes, and community self-determination are incorporated into the plan. A General Plan should not function as a blank check for future geothermal expansion, data center development, military expansion, or the industrialization of agricultural and culturally significant lands. Where uncertainty exists regarding impacts to water, cultural resources, native ecosystems, or community well-being, the County should apply a precautionary approach. The choices made today will shape Hawai`i Island for generations. We have a responsibility to ensure that future planning reflects not only economic considerations, but our obligation balance the care for our land that feeds us, sustains us, and defines who we are. Those who are lineal descendants of our Hawai`i, whose Kupuna and `Iwi dwell deep in our spirit of who we are demand that we prioritize this love and balance in all that we do. Aloha `Aina is more than a cultural value. It is a responsibility. It is a commitment to future generations, our keiki who are looking up to us to make Pono decisions for our Moku. It is a promise that Hawai`i's lands, waters, and sacred places will not be sacrificed for short-term gain, a promise for our next 7 generations to come. For these reasons, and my everlasting love and Kuleana to our Ko Pae `Aina '0 Hawai`i, my respect for Aloha `Aina and commitment to malama `aina for our future generations of Moku 0 Keawe, I respectfully urge you to vote NO on Bill 66. Mahalo for the opportunity to testify. Me Ke Aloha Nui, Kanoeuluwehianuhea Case 4 Moku 0 Keawe Lineal Descendant of `Awini Valley, Niuli'i Kohala, Waipi'o Valley, Waimanu Valley, Kalopa, Pu'ukapu, Opihihale, Pahala Ko'u Keiki Elijah, Emma, Haloa, Lineal Descendants of Kawa and Pi'ihonua and the above included. 5 From: Kat C Sent: Saturday, May 30, 2026 11:18 AM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Cc: Mayor's Office Executive Subject: Oppose GP 2045 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process.A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate,transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control,and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Kat Culina Pahoa, HI • From: Dave Cuthbert Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:56 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Bill 66 Testimony Aloha County Council Members. I ask that you vote "aye" for Bill 66 (General Plan 2045). Although General Plan 2045 is not • perfect, I fear that spending any more time all too clearly illustrates the aphorism "perfect is the enemy of the good." So let's put this behind us and it can be modified later as needed. Thank you Dave Cuthbert, Pahoa • From: Seraph D'Alerta Sent: Tuesday, June 2, 2026 12:27 PM To: Council Testimony Cc: Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; james.hustac@hawaiicounty.gov; Kierkiewicz, Ashley; Mayor's Office Executive Subject: Oppose General Plan 2045 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process.A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate,transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. I have not struggled my entire life to FINALLY have a home for my self&my family to have a bunch of corporate"stakeholders" re-zone my area,thus STEALING my entire life's effort from me! This shall not come to pass. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Me ke aloha pumahana! Malama pono. Seraph D'Alerta In Mountain View 96771 zip code 1 From: Dea Rackley Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:08 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong Support for Plan 2026. No to GP 2045 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process.A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate,transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, All my Ohana here in Puna Dea Rackley Rocky Ishibashi • From: Carol Defazio Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 2:56 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Oppose bill I am strongly in opposition to Bill 66-Second Reading. Mahalo, Carol DeFazio i From: Jerry Deutsch Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 11:12 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Land use change I and my family are against Bill 66! Thanks Jerry Deutsch HPP 1 Hawai'i County Council June 3, 2026 Testimony Opposed to Bill 66—GP 2045 Aloha, Chair,Vice Chair and Members of the County Council. I strongly urge you to listen to the community and reject GP 2045. Through the years that this plan has been formulated and presented to the public,the overwhelming testimonies have been against this plan. Some of the reasons are: - The 310 page plan tries to do too much. - GP 2045 mixes policy and operation programs. - GP 2045 contains project-level actions. - It attempts to direct social and economic programs. - It changes land use designations with unknown consequences to owners. - It tries to direct Climate Change actions with unenforceable targets. None of these things should be a part of our General Plan. The General Plan establishes land use policy and development guidelines, not specific initiatives that cannot be enforced. If GP 2045 is passed and signed by the Mayor,the end result will be that it will not be followed. A much more clear and enforceable version of the plan (GP 2026) has been created that can actually be enforced. The fact is that the County has not completed the yearly General Plan reviews that are mandated by law. Why should we believe that they would do so now? Again, I urge you to listen to your constituents who have it clear meeting after meeting, testimony after testimony,that we do not want this plan. This plan overpromises and cannot be enforced. Please vote"NO"on GP2045. Thank you for the opportunity to submit testimony. Joy Dillon Jo* Odeon, Hilo Resident From: Lorn Douglas Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 11:50 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: support of Bill 66 (General Plan 2045 Draft 2) Aloha COuncil Members I care about this because Hawai'i Island's dependence on imported fossil fuels keeps my electricity and gas spending high.A General Plan without energy self-sufficiency targets won't change that. Lorn Douglas Lower Puna i Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 8:07 AM To: George Douvris; Council Testimony Subject: RE:testimony in opposition to Bill 66 (General Plan 2045, Draft 2) • From:George Douvris Sent:Sunday, May 31, 2026 9:57 AM To:Council Remote Testimony<councilremotetestimony@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject:testimony in opposition to Bill 66(General Plan 2045, Draft 2) Dear Hawaii County Council Members, On behalf of myself, my wife, and our family, I respectfully submit this testimony in opposition to Bill 66 (General Plan 2045, Draft 2). Having lived on Hawaii Island for many decades and having raised our family here, we .are deeply concerned about provisions within this plan that could negatively affect private property rights, agriculture, and the rural way of life that many residents have intentionally chosen. One of my primary concerns is Action 1.13 on page 41, which appears to authorize the acquisition of private lands without providing clear limitations or protections for property owners. Private property rights have long been a cornerstone of American law and should be protected to the greatest extent possible. Any proposal involving the acquisition of private land should contain strong safeguards, transparency, and fair compensation for affected landowners: I am also concerned about the transportation and emergency preparedness implications of the plan. Residents of the Puna District have experienced firsthand the challenges created by limited evacuation routes and transportation bottlenecks. Traffic congestion between Hilo and Pahoa and the lengthy delays in opening important road connections i demonstrate that our county should prioritize practical infrastructure improvements that enhance safety and mobility for residents. Section 4.0 raises concerns regarding policies promoting compact development. Many residents choose to live in rural areas because they value space, self-sufficiency, and an agricultural lifestyle. Family farms and agricultural lands contribute to local food production and help reduce dependence on imported goods. Any long-term plan should respect the rights of residents who choose to live and work in rural communities. I am likewise concerned about Section 4.2 and any policies that could restrict the future use of personal vehicles, agricultural equipment, or construction machinery. Hawaii Island is geographically large, and many residents depend on reliable transportation to work, operate farms, access medical care, and support their families. Policies affecting transportation should recognize the unique realities of rural island life. I respectfully ask the Council to reject Bill 66 in its current form or, at minimum, substantially revise it to strengthen protections for private property rights, agriculture, rural communities, and transportation access. Thank you for your consideration and for your service to the people of Hawaii County. Sincerely, r George and Stephanie Douvris Pahoa, Hawaii • • From: r betsyduerr Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 4:13 AM • To: Council Testimony;Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace,James; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Cc: mayorsoffice@hawaiicounty.govy Subject: Oppose General Plan 2045 Attachments: HawaiiTribuneHerald_20230826_A08_0.pdf Dear County Council Members, Yet again, I respectably ask you to oppose General Plan 2045. I continue to have many concerns. Foremost are the MANY map errors and omissions that could affect future of our island. The plan contains broad and vague policy language that could allow future administrations to reinterpret land use, development, and community priorities. This creates uncertainty for property holders. Plus, I doubt the County has the ability and resources to effectively implement the hundreds of goals, policies, and actions called upon by this over 300 page plan. I am 72 years old and my husband and I have lived and raised a family in our Honolii Pali home for over 41 years. In October of 2023 at the dog and pony show being put on by the county to promote the new general plan, I noticed that the future land use of our property had been changed from low density urban to natural and recreational. Our own family home we are hoping to leave to our ohana has been re-disignated without compensation or consent, negating our rights of private property ownership. This drastically lowers our future property value and'opens the door to unsolicited rezoning. I have studied the original General Plan 2045 and found it a UN road map to smart city. Throughout the plan (pgs..66, 78, 86, 88, 225 ) there are references to "smart growth strategies" and "smart growth development' and "smart growth principles" which suggest direct reference to Smart • Cities aka UN Agenda 21, now UN Agenda 30. If you aren't educated on Smart or 15 Minute Cities, I invite you to do your own research into its restrictive and surveilled implementations and ask yourselves if this global agenda is pono for the Big Island of Hawaii. This is not a conspiracy. As reported by The Hawaii Tribune Herald, 08/26/23, the entire county joined ICLEI. See attached below. 1 On page 188 (40.8), there is the requirement that "All County departments collaborate with the County Office of Sustainability, Climate, Equity, and Resilience (OSCER) as the lead agency to ensure the integration of the County's goals of sustainability, climate resilience, and equity in all county operations and planning initiatives." This is an appointed, not elected, agency that is now responsible for the implementation of the regulations of the smart growth principles we will be subjected to. I am disturbed this new overseeing entity will null and void all public input and leave crucial decisions for our island to unelected officials. Finally, the plan, on page 29, claims to be "based on community driven values, goals, and objectives". Yet, the District of Hilo, where I reside as well as over 22% of the Big Island, has no Community Development Plan. Hilo has never been represented in CDP process. Why is that? We too are entitled to our voice and input into our future. I respectfully urge you to reject GP 2045. Mahalo for your time and for your service to our community. Sincerely, • Adriana E. Duerr 99 Honolii Pali • Hilo,.HI 96720 • (808) 987-0824 Betsyduerr@gmail.com 2 . From: Robert Duerr Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:59 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Disappointed but Not Surprised. General Plan Game Management Advisory Commission Request Aloha Hawaii County Council, As for the Hawaii General Plan 2045,the Game Management Advisory Commission is disappointed. But we are not surprised that after petitioning the Planning Commission and the County Council there continues to be no mention of Game Managment Plan and inadequate provisions to designate and enforce public access for hunters,fishers,gatherers, cultural practitioners as well as the public. It is insult to injury. Insulted since 2012 when voters approved on the ballot to form a Game Management Advisory Commission GMAC has been petitioning for a data driven,scientific plan to manage sustainably the food resources within the aina. No plan just eradication.You see this nothing plan injury yourselves. It has produced an unbalanced habitat where goats, pigs and sheep have become a dangerous nuisance. You're busy councilors so I won't bore you with GMAC details of frustration. However I will tell you that Planning Commission testifiers were concerned about UN Agenda in planning. Both Mayor Roth and Governor Green have spoken at the UN. DLNR adopted The UN Agenda 30X30 where 30 percent of land and waters in Hawaii would be off limits to people by 2030. Fisher defeated this UN top down plan adopted by the Division of Aquatics Resources Holomua 30x30. To their credit DAR just finishing Hawaii Island wide meetings is now working bottom up with community input first with the revised Holomua Initiative. DLNR Division of Forestry and Wildlife continues with their 30x30 UN agenda project. Did a state UN agenda make its way into the 2045 Plan? You get paid figure it out. Disappointed but not surprised is why many original members of GMAC will not get involved in politics. Frankly they feel it is a waste of time and a waste of money. Mahalo, Robert Duerr GMAC Commissioner District 1 Hamakua Outdoor Writer association of America Active Senior 1 From: Davina Mar Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:50 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Stop Bill 66 - GP 2045 is not for the people Aloha, Hawaii County Council Members - As a full time resident, tax payer, and concerned citizen of the island of Hawaii for the past 24 years I am writing today requesting you STOP Bill 66 and Not allow GP 2045 to move forward. I have written several times about this and intend to be at the meeting tomorrow at 9am. GP 2045 is Not for the people! • My concerns about this include and are not limited to: • • • Land Use changing Residential to Recreation DROPS property value, • Plan could set up MANY opportunities for State to take our land & Rezone, • Plan could regulate OFF-GRID living, • Plan will further STRESS electric grid increasing prices • Etc etc I trust you will be Pono and honor the aina and the people who reside here. With Aloha, Donna "Davina" Dufault Live Aloha 11110 Love Now 1 • From: Ali Eden Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:50 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: STOP "agenda" 2045!!! Aloha, WE have been screaming from the roof tops for over a year NO ONE WANTS THIS BILL! and yet you persist!!!You must be compromised to wish this horrific plan on YOUR OWN! You want our water taken for surveillance centers? You are the most despicable lot I cannot even. • l iv,+ - • I _ ORAL TESTIMONY — FINAL VOTE Bill 66 — Eugene Elmer District 6 June 3, 2026 • Hawaii County Council INTRODUCTION Good morning, Council Chair and members of the council. My name is Eugene Elmer. I am a resident of District 6 and a long-term resident of this island,moving here in 1977. I am aware my previous testimony was characterized in the press as threatening. Let the record reflect clearly— I do not make threats.I make legally grounded statements of fact and formal notices of liability, and that is why I am here today. FORMAL NOTICE OF OPPOSITION I have filed a comprehensive five-pillar Formal Public Notice of Opposition, Prior Knowledge, and Potential Liability with the County Clerk. I expect every council member to review it in its entirety. This is your formal notice. If citizens lose their lives —stranded by a blacked-out grid or trapped by a chemical fire—this public record proves you acted with prior knowledge. It will be used to hold this county liable for gross negligence and wrongful death. GRID INFRASTRUCTURE RISK I declare my absolute opposition to Bill 66 and the General Plan 2045. This council is forcing a mandate onto a rural island that is completely unprepared for it.You are creating a single point of failure. When disaster strikes — and it will — the grid fails first. If you outlaw internal combustion engines, our families will be stranded with dead batteries during emergency evacuations. That is not policy. That is reckless endangerment. r 01 0 WILDFIRE & PUBLIC SAFETY You are also ignoring a catastrophic wildfire risk. Kona, Kohala, and Ka`u are among the most fire- prone landscapes in this state. EV battery fires cannot be extinguished by standard methods. They require up to one hundred thousand gallons of water and can reignite days later. Our rural fire departments do not have the resources to fight these fires on our backroads. A single EV crash during Kona winds could trigger another Lahaina. And this council will own it. CONSTITUTIONAL & LEGAL VIOLATIONS You are violating our Right to Travel under the Fourteenth Amendment. You are committing an unconstitutional regulatory taking against every local mechanic, and the ones I have spoken with are livid—the parts stores will be as well.You are destroying the livelihoods of our farmers, ranchers, and working families.And you are in violation of federal preemption law under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act. CLOSING The record is made. The notice has been given. Vote NO on Bill 66. Mahalo. Eugene Elmer • District 6 Resident since 1977 PUBLIC NOTICE FORMAL NOTICE OF OPPOSITION, PRIOR KNOWLEDGE, AND POTENTIAL LIABILITY Jurisdiction: County of Hawaii — Hawaii County Council Subject: Bill 66 (Draft 2) — Hawaii County General Plan 2045 Date of Filing: June 3, 2026 This notice is hereby submitted to the public record of the Hawaii County Council and is simultaneously published for the awareness of all residents of Hawaii Island and the general public. DECLARATION OF ABSOLUTE OPPOSITION Bill 66 (Draft 2) and the Hawaii County General Plan 2045 I submit this testimony in absolute opposition to Bill 66 (Draft 2) and the sweeping mandates contained within the General Plan 2045 draft. As a working-class resident of Hawaii Island, I am placing this council on formal notice of the constitutional violations, public safety hazards, economic destruction, and jurisdictional overreach embedded in this legislation. I explicitly demand that this council reject the unachievable mandates of the 2045 Plan and vote NO on Bill 66. PILLAR I: CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES, PROPERTY RIGHTS, AND THE RIGHT TO MOBILITY Our families have built lives of self-reliance on this island. The right to choose how we travel, sustain our livelihoods, and use property we have earned is not a privilege — it is a constitutionally protected liberty. Violation of the Fundamental Right to Travel The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees freedom of movement as an essential component of liberty. As affirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999), this right cannot be infringed. By mandating the phase-out of the only viable, affordable transportation available to rural and lower-income residents — with no functional public alternative — this council creates an unconstitutional barrier to basic mobility. Unconstitutional Regulatory Taking The Fifth Amendment and Article I, Section 20 of the Hawaii State Constitution prohibit the taking or damaging of private property without just compensation. When government policy systematically destroys the economic value and viability of local mechanic shops, diesel specialists, and independent parts stores, it constitutes a Regulatory Taking (Inverse Condemnation). This county can be held financially liable to compensate those business owners for the total destruction of their livelihoods. Resale Value Collapse Working-class residents who purchased trucks and work vehicles as long-term financial assets will watch those assets stripped of value by government mandate — without compensation. This is a de facto taking that compounds the constitutional injury already described. PILLAR II: PUBLIC SAFETY, GRID FAILURE, WILDFIRE RISK, AND COUNTY LIABILITY THIS SECTION CONSTITUTES FORMAL NOTICE OF PRIOR KNOWLEDGE AND POTENTIAL COUNTY LIABILITY. Hawaii Island faces compounding natural hazards: volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, flash floods, hurricanes — and, as the 2023 Maui fires made devastatingly clear, catastrophic wildfire. Mandating mass EV adoption onto this island without the infrastructure to support it is not progressive policy. It is reckless endangerment. Grid Failure: A Single Point of Failure The electrical grid is invariably the first infrastructure to fail in any major disaster. Families cannot wait hours for a vehicle to charge during an emergency evacuation. Emergency responders, contractors, and private citizens cannot afford dead batteries when lives are on the line. This is not a theoretical risk — it is the documented reality of every major weather event this island has experienced. Wildfire: A Clear and Present Danger The Big Island's dry leeward corridors — South Kohala, North Kona, and Ka'u — are among the most fire-prone landscapes in the state. During drought and Kona wind conditions, these grasslands ignite and spread with terrifying speed. Mandating a mass transition to electric vehicles on an island with this fire profile, without specialized firefighting infrastructure, is unconscionable. Thermal Runaway: The Accident-Ignition Risk When an EV is involved in a collision — even a moderate one — a punctured or compromised battery pack can enter thermal runaway: a self-sustaining chemical reaction that cannot be stopped with standard fire suppression. The documented facts are as follows: • Thermal runaway can ignite minutes, hours, or days after the initial crash with no warning • Standard water and foam suppression are ineffective — documented incidents have required 30,000 to 100,000 gallons of water to control • Reignition risk persists long after the fire appears extinguished • Rural Big Island roads have long emergency response times and severely limited water access A single EV collision on a dry roadside during Kona wind conditions could trigger a wildfire of the scale that consumed Lahaina. This council must confront that reality directly. Establishing County Liability This testimony places this council on formal, written notice of these life- threatening risks. Should grid failure strand evacuating families, or should a thermal runaway event trigger a wildfire causing loss of life or property, this document constitutes an unshakeable public record that the county acted with prior knowledge. It will be used to support wrongful death and gross negligence claims against the county government. PILLAR III: ECONOMIC DESTRUCTION OF LOCAL TRADES, AGRICULTURE, AND SUPPLY CHAINS The internal combustion engine is the economic backbone of this island's working class. Bill 66 does not transition an economy — it dismantles one. Eradication of Working-Class Jobs Independent mechanics, diesel technicians, transmission shops, and auto parts retailers will be systematically eliminated. Proprietary EV repair software locks out local shops and transfers their business to corporate mainland dealerships. Wealth built over generations in these trades will be forcibly transferred to corporate entities with no stake in this community. The gricultural and Paniolo Penalty Electric heavy machinery cannot match the sustained torque and range required to haul livestock, construction equipment, and agricultural loads up steep island grades — Kona to the Saddle being a prime example — without debilitating battery drain. The electric alternatives that can perform this work are prohibitively expensive. Forcing farmers and ranchers to absorb these costs will drive the price of locally grown food and goods even higher, deepening hardship for every resident on this island. Foreign Supply Chain Vulnerability EVs and their components depend almost entirely on foreign supply chains — lithium, cobalt, and rare earth minerals sourced from China and the Democratic Republic of Congo. For an island that already struggles with supply chain fragility, this creates a dangerous new dependency. A grid-down event compounded by a shipping disruption leaves residents with no parts, no service, and no recourse. Accessibility and Vulnerable Populations Elderly residents, people with disabilities, and lower-income families are the most harmed by forced vehicle transitions. They often rely on older, paid-off ICE vehicles as their only means of independence and cannot navigate complex charging infrastructure or absorb the cost of new vehicles. This mandate falls hardest on those least able to bear it. PILLAR IV: INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURES AND BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY Passing sweeping multi-decade mandates without independent, certified financial and engineering audits is a reckless breach of fiduciary duty to the taxpayers of this county. No Grid-Readiness Certification The county has produced no certified engineering data demonstrating that Hawaiian Electric — which already experiences rolling blackouts and high-wind disruptions — can sustain thousands of heavy EVs simultaneously without crashing the system and driving utility rates to unaffordable levels. This foundational question has not been answered. Toxic Battery Disposal Hawaii County has no infrastructure to safely recycle expired lithium-ion EV batteries. Stockpiling these batteries in local landfills creates an undeniable environmental hazard: toxic chemical runoff threatening our water table, and the risk of volatile, unquenchable chemical fires that our rural fire departments are not equipped to fight. Accelerated Road Destruction EV battery packs make electric vehicles substantially heavier than comparable ICE vehicles. Thousands of heavier vehicles on already deteriorating county roads will accelerate infrastructure destruction at a cost borne entirely by local taxpayers — a cost this plan makes no provision to address. PILLAR V: FEDERAL PREEMPTION AND LACK OF JURISDICTION This council does not possess the legal authority to mandate vehicle phase-outs or impose localized automotive bans. Under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), Title 42 U.S.C. § 6297(a), federal law explicitly preempts state and local regulations concerning vehicle fuel economy and emissions standards. As reinforced by the Second Circuit in Metropolitan Taxicab Board of Trade v. City of New York, 615 F.3d 152 (2d Cir. 2010), local governments are barred from using municipal ordinances to bypass federal vehicle standards or mandate specific alternative-fuel fleets. This ., u, 7 ordinance constitutes an illegal exercise of county authority and is subject to federal preemption challenge. CONCLUSION The deep internal division within this council — including active pushback from members against the most restrictive elements of the 2045 Plan — confirms what working people on this island already know: this legislation is fundamentally detached from the realities of rural Big Island life. You were not given a mandate to outlaw our vehicles, destroy our livelihoods, compromise our safety during natural disasters, violate federal law, or strip constitutional protections from the people you were elected to serve. Stand with local workers. Protect our rural way of life. Respect our freedoms. Vote NO on Bill 66. DECLARANT'S STATEMENT • I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct to the best of my knowledge, and that I am a resident of Hawaii County, State of Hawaii. Signature: Eugene D Elmer District 6, Hawaii County, Hawaii Date: June 2, 2026 (808)960-5844 This Public Notice has been submitted to the official public record of the Hawaii County Council and is hereby published for the awareness of all residents of Hawaii Island and the general public. It is the intention of the declarant that this notice be distributed and published as widely as possible, including but not limited to the Hawaii Tribune-Herald, West Hawaii Today, and all available public media. RE: Ratification of Formal Public Notice of Opposition, Prior Knowledge, and Potential Liability Bill 66— Hawai'i County Council Final Vote—June 3, 2026 Filed by Eugene Elmer, District 6 To the Office of the County Clerk: I, Eugene Elmer, a resident of District 6 and long-term resident of Hawai'i Island since 1977, hereby confirm 'and ratify the Formal Public Notice of Opposition, Prior Knowledge, and Potential Liability that I authored, submitted, and caused to be hand-delivered to each member of the Hawai'i County Council prior to the final vote on Bill 66 on June 3, 2026. That notice was submitted bearing my printed name.This letter serves to affirm, under my hand and signature, that I am the sole author of that notice, that every statement and declaration contained therein was made by me knowingly and in good faith, and that I fully adopt and ratify its contents as of the date of its original submission. I respectfully request that this ratification be attached to and made part of the original filing in the official public record. Mahalo. 61,104, SIGNATURE Eugene Elmer District 6 Resident bigkeei45@ gmail.com June q , 2e24 DATE SIGNED J Ll . r From: Scott Sent: Thursday, June 4, 2026 3:20 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 Please include my testimony against Bill 66: Please stop all of this ridiculous Agenda 2030 nonsense.Any politician that supports these agendas needs to be'recalled immediately. Nobody wants pressure or forceful actions from the government regarding what to do on their property and with their vehicles. Electronics don't work well in Hawaii, due to the magnetic effect of the lava (ask a nuclear physicist) -this right here makes nothing make sense, even if the policy were well justified...which it absolutely is not.This is nothing but tyrannical nonsense from top-down elitists that don't care about Hawaiian sovereignty,food sovereignty, or any sovereignty in general. I could pick apart the policy's details, but why bother?These are control measures disguised as a "green" agenda and there is absolutely nothing green about this.Just stop. Give back the bribes, give up your seat in office, and give up your assumptive, arrogant, alienating attitudes towards"we the people". You have no right to try and force these changes on us and you will meet strong resistance every step of the way if you desire to implement them. It's hard enough to make a living in Hawaii without you sell outs trying to slip legislation through every second.We don't need changes, in any other form, other than protection of our rights from this neocon technocratic trash.You weren't even voted into office legally, and there will be consequences for your betrayal of our representation while you are in an usurped official position.We know how you cheated and how our votes don't count.We know how you submit to global tyrannical interests that in no way benefit Hawaiian people, local or native.Just stop. Quit it. Is this an attempt to exhaust us with endless legislative garbage?Well,this is the reason people are leaving left- leaning states all over the nation. Nobody wants these policies. Go back and remove the 5G towers that you installed without permission,without environmental impact report. Get rid of the GMO mosquitos that you also implemented without environmental impact report,without consent. Get rid of the geoengineering that plagues our lands daily,that you also implemented without environmental impact report, and without consent. Rebuild Maui and quit lying about this being a "wildfire"when we know it was a DEW.You are caught in the act of betrayal and treason is the crime. Confess, beg for forgiveness, - reverse these policies and repent now, if you desire mercy.There will be justice. Bill 66 must not pass, nor anything like it. Leave these beautiful lands and beautiful people alone, and focus on real problems that locals care about- not some far-and-wide tyrannical global empire scheme.Tell your masters that the people here will never consent to their insanity, and that you will not serve then any longer.We don't • want you, need you, and we want to get rid of you, if you are in support of any of these nonsensical policies designed to simply destroy our way of life. I can't say it enough:just stop. Scott Erickson, M.A., CCC-SLP Speech-Language Pathologist t: (808)731-6227 e: erickson.scott.andrew4gmail.com • From: Ananda Fischer Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 11:33 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: GP2045 Aloha, This plan has a lot of mapping mistakes and ambiguous language. It is not ready to be passed! Namaste, Lokah Samasta Sukhino Bhavantu Donna Fischer May All Beings Be Happy and Free 1 From: Dan and Shannon Fisher Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 12:08 AM • To: Council Testimony Subject: Vote no on the Hawaii Island General Plan 2045 https://www.wh itehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/04/fact-sheet-president-dons ld-j-tru mp-protects- american-energy-from-state-overreach/?utm source=wh Social share button Dan and Shannon Fisher Aloha Crater Lodge and Lava Tube www.volcanohawaiilodge.com 808-345-4449 1 From: Lehua Like Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 3:34 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Oppose GP 2045 All Council members you are On Notice: I am another voice and soul in opposition to GP 2045, I do not consent to the passing of this General Plan for the following reasons: Numerous errors and omissions within the General Plan maps. • Land-use designation changes that many affected property owners neither requested nor support. • Potential impacts on private property rights and future land-use opportunities. • The repeated reliance on unelected stakeholders, outside organizations, and partnership frameworks that may diminish local control and accountability. • Sustainability and climate-related policies that could be used to justify future restrictions on land use, development, housing, transportation, energy, and private property rights. • Long-range climate assumptions and projections that may be subject to significant revision over time. • The failure to adequately address substantial public opposition expressed throughout the planning process. I do not consent. Meg Ganser Domiciled in the State of Hawaii A Living Woman 1 From: Rae H George Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 9:25 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Please do NOT pass Bill 66 1 From: DonnaGrabow Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 8:50 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Opposing GP 2045 Aloha Hawaii • • Council, My name is Donna Grabow and I oppose GP 2045. I hope the majority of the Council also votes NO to the twenty year plan. The `Actions" written in GP 2045 appear to favor the mysterious Shareholders who will develop, contribute, consult, and protect properties, which might become their properties once the new Land Use zones are enforced with Public Domain. Then selected homeowners will be forced to sell cheap. Opportunistic buyers and Shareholders can sweep in and buy up cheap properties in the new NATURAL zones. And still, we're supposed to believe that GP2045 is about environmental protection. Rich, powerful people can out-bid residents when purchasing land; they can donate millions of dollars to gain control in the board rooms of hospitals, schools, businesses, local organizations, etc. Council member Heather Kimball said she made a mistake about introducing 372.199 that talks about Data Centers. However, she can bring back 372.199 at a later time and then the Council can vote on it. The proposed GP 2045 Map shows more land being absorbed or taken by the two new Land Uses: Natural & Recreational. Nice words, but in reality, but EMINENT DOMAIN better describe the proposed changes in Land Use for shady intentions. Please vote NO to GP 2045. Sincerely, Donna Grabow, Hilo Sent with Proton Mail secure email. • From: Iizgregg808 Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 10:43 AM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz,Ashley Cc: Mayor's Office Executive Subject: Oppose GP 2045 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land- use changes,agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies,and the growing rote of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations,and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process. A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate,transparent,and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control,and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawai'i County. Hawai'i is my home and has been since 1970,growing up in Kona I would have never thought that our government would attempt to do this to the people of our island. Mahalo for your time,consideration,and service to our community. Sincerely, Elizabeth Gregg North Kona 1 • From: Stephanie Hall-Morin Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 1:05 PM To: Council Remote Testimony;Council Testimony Subject: adopt GP 2045 with accountability measures in place Aloha County Council members, I'm writing to ask the Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 with its targets and accountability structures intact, and to reject a proposed amendment that seeks to remove quantitative benchmarks and replace these with generalizations that have little or no measurable accountability. State law requires county plans to work toward eliminating dependence on imported fossil fuels. The General Plan 2045 includes targets that align with the state mandate. Removing these target via the proposed amendment puts the County out of step with state law and out of step with efforts to mitigate the escalating climate crisis. Today, Hawaii is experiencing the adverse effects of extreme weather with damage estimates topping over $2 Billion from the Kona-low events of March 2026. These weather extremes, with help from climate change, are currently being replicated elsewhere around the Pacific rim, with severe floods in Aotearoa New Zealand and northern Australia, and an unprecedented spring heat wave in the southwestern US. A warmer world exacerbates extreme weather events; floods,, droughts and heat.waves. The General Plan 2045 has a chapter (Chapter 3) devoted to climate change while the proposed amendment fails to even include the words "climate change' or even "climate" except in a brief reference to the Office of Sustainability, Climate, Equity, and Resilience (OSCAR). I respectfully urge Hawaii County to approve Draft 2 of the General Plan 2045 in its present form and vote down the proposed amendment that removes key energy targets, equity benchmarks, and entire sections developed over years of planning commissions' work and broad community involvement. Mahalo for your consideration. Stephanie Hall-Morin • From: Cory Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 6:58 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: support Bill 66 Council June 3 support for Bill 66, General Plan 2045 for County Council, 9 AM Wednesday,June 3, 2026 Aloha Councilmembers, • Remembering that the perfect is the enemy of the good, please support Bill 66, GP 2045. Amendments can be added later to correct deficiencies. If GP 2045 does not pass`now,the GP could go to the new 2026-2028 Council,with new members who would need a long time to get up to speed on the plan. GP 2045 is supported by knowledgeable, experienced people who have studied it closely and who have worked for years to care for our island and her people: Chris Yuen is a lawyer and former Planning Director; Nancy Pisicchio is a former County Council member and has served on a Community Development Plan Action Committee; Chuck Flaherty is a well-informed, long-time advocate for the environment and the public trust. mahalo, Cory Harden i From: Adele Henkel Sent: Wednesday,June 3, 2026 12:08 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: NO on General Plan 2045 DO NOT APPOVE the General Plan 2045 as it is now. It's an effort to undermine regional sovereignty and culture. It's not from the Hawaiian-American people, by the Hawaiian-American people,for the Hawaiian-American people. It's for bureaucrats being influenced by foreign globalist interests(so-called'stakeholders'). , Adele Henkel Kailua Kona, HI 1 From: Janice Hidano Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:58 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong Opposition to Bill 66 - Second Reading. I oppose bill 66-second reading. Janice S. Hidano Sent from my iPad 1 From: joel hirsch Sent: Monday, June 1, 2026 9:35 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong opposition Strong opposition to bill 66, second reading. Joel hirsch puna resident • From: moses enoka heanu Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 6:31 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong opposition to Bill 66 - 2nd readin I, Fred Hofer, strongly oppose Bill 66, As it endangers my well being. I live in Hawaiian Acres, subsistance farming is how i survive.Any rezoning Would be a direct attack to my livelyhood I can barely afford the taxes as they are. &the proposed increased ability of the powers that be to "eminent domain"without warning, Without good reason,without recourse- That is another direct threat to my livelihood & would cause severe anxiety. Please vote that down, kill that bill 66 Respectfully, All Rights reserved, Fred Hofer I. From: Ken Honma Sent: Saturday, May 30, 2026 1:49 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: June 3, 2026 Council meeting written testimony opposing Bi1166 Written Testimony for 6/3/2026 County Council meeting. Opposing Bi1166 (GP2045) Aloha County Council Members, My name is Ken Honma, I live in Kurtistown, I represent myself and my ohana, I oppose the passage of GP2045. I include as my written testimony my email correspondence between myself and Council Member Galimba who recently asked me a very important question. The consequences of GP2045 have not been fully explored as my response to Council Member Galimba clearly shows. If any of you have any reservations whatsoever or are hoping for the best outcome through GP2045, then you must vote no on its passage• • because you have not conducted any discovery of what happens if the worst outcomes occur. Aloha Council Member Galimba, • Thank you for replying to my Keaau High School Commencement letter to you. Your important comment "l am at a loss to understand where in the GP2045 it says that anyone is not allowed to own anything. If you could explain where in the GP2045 this policy is located that would be helpful' "You will own nothing"... is a euphemism for an ideological description of a future that envisions the majority of the population having no ownership of what today is considered important. Some examples are: home ownership, land ownership, the ownership of your own destiny, the freedom to speak freely, the ownership by the people of a representative government. If we take a look at the statement "you will own nothing", it categorically states that"you", (not "they"who are saying these words) "will own nothing". Who are "you"?And Who are "they"? What does owning something mean? Ownership implies that we have the responsibility for, and control of what happens to that something, whatever it might be -an idea, an object, a home, a child, a pet etc... To "own nothing" implies that you will have nothing under your control. In other words, you will have absolutely no control of anything. You will be a completely disempowered individual with no option other than to obey the "they" that are uttering these words. So with this in mind, General Plan 2045 opens the way to this disempowered state. It lays the groundwork to build a dystopian future. GP2045 mandates that co2 is the cause of some fearful, catastrophic future that requires total control by "they". So "they" control land use. "They" control what can be done on what's previously land that"you"own, but no longer have ownership or control over. "They" use this fear of catastrophe, for example, to reduce types of vehicles allowed, and vehicular miles travelled. This will require tracking and controlling the types and use of vehicles, which requires having vehicular mileage and locations tracked. Then of course there must be negative consequences for those who do not comply with tracking, and those who exceed their mileage quotas. And also there is the need for an enforcement arm, dedicated to carrying out this arbitrary statute or regulation. This requires a huge amount of computing power,which leads to the need for Data Centers. And of course, all of this will need more money from the people to execute this control. Consider the breadth of this concept, based only on the idea that demonizes co2. i You then can appreciate how GP2045, with its excessive myriad of goals to keep people safe, through tracking, logging, and enforcing whatever parameter is deemed necessary for safety reasons, and how it will inevitably lead to a place where we the people will control almost nothing. It will be under the control of"they". In other words "you will own nothing". In testifying against 2045 I have experienced the feeling of isolation from most of the County Council members. I have never heard a discussion about my concerns, or any of the other testifiers concerns. Taking votes without a recap of the people's written or spoken concerns and simply ignoring any objections to the plan, is a manifestation of"owning nothing". Thank you for your concern and engagement. Ken Honma • • 2 From: David Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:48 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong opposition to Bill 66 Please add me to present opposition to Build 66 which is a disaster for every resident that wants to live on the big island. David Horne. 808-478-7778 74-5483 Kaiwi Street Kailua KonaHawaii 96740 Sent from my iPhone • • From: Sharon Hutchison Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 2:06 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING This is my written testimony: This is what is at stake in Bill 66- 1. Property Grabs: Page 41(Action 1.13)authorizes the County to"acquire private lands"without explicit limits or protections against eminent domain. I feel strongly that the county of Hawaii will overstep the boundaries and make some kind of emergency proclamation like a volcanic eruption,earthquake, hurricane,fire or other natural disaster to acquire private land. It will force the property owner not to be able to decline and will not be fairly compensated(fair market value)for their land. Then the county will allow the land to transfer to private developers outside of Hawaii for their own economic purposes. We already saw this with the fire of August 2023 on Maui. 2. Erosion of Land Rights: Page 111(Section 17.4) pushes to incorporate private land improvements into public"open space networks"without fair compensation. This could make land owners agree on easements etc, of their property which would become permanently integrated into the regional open space for ecological preservation.The compensation might not be fair for the private property owner, by offering incentives or tax reductions.This land would remain as open spaces. 3. Forced Clustering. Section 4.0 dictates"compact development"to funnel residents into tightly packed urban zones, threatening our rural lifestyle. Everyone knows that the Big Island has many housing developments where the people live such as: HPP, Hawaiian Shores, Nanavale, Leilani Estates,etc. where the lots are anywhere from a quarter acre, 2-2 1/2 acres or 5-10 acres.The two biggest cities on the Island (Hilo and Kona) have the dense populations where people live on a lot or in apartment or condos.There is NO WAY that you are going to get people on the Big Island to live in cluster cities.That is for areas where there is a large population and not enough land!!! 4. Vehicle Ownership Threats:Section 4.2 outlines aggressive"net-zero" mandates that critics warn will phase out gas and diesel vehicles on our massive rural island. Hawaii's largest ocean carrier shipper is Matson. They strictly prohibit the shipment of electric vehicles(EVs) and plug-in hybrids(PHEVs)to and from Hawaii.This ban was implemented due to the fire risks associated with lithium-ion batteries at sea.The alternative shipper Pasha Hawaii currently continues to transport EVs, but they have specific requirements regarding the battery charge level and other safety protocols. With these shipping restrictions it's going to be hard to eliminate gas powered vehicles.On our rural island people need vehicles to get around. , Also, Hawaii has one of the highest electric rates in the Nation and people are not going to want to pay higher electric bills because they are forced to have an electric vehicle. Thank you for reading my testimony. 1 Sincerely, Sharon Hutchison • Written Testimony Opposing Final Passage of Bill 66/General Plan 2026-2045 June 3, 2026 Hawaii County Council Aloha Chair, Council Members, and members of the public, My name is , and I live in I am submitting testimony today in opposition to final passage of Bill 66, not because I am here to debate every policy preference inside the proposed General Plan, but because the process and the document before this Council appear legally defective. The Council is being asked to adopt a long-range land use and policy framework for the entire island, yet the record shows multiple unresolved defects that go to the validity of the ordinance itself. First, the public has not been given a clear, complete, accessible version of the document being voted on. County records reportedly identify Bill 66 as 313 pages, while the publicly available document appears to show 306 pages. If pages are missing, unaccounted for, or inaccessible during the notice period, then the public has not received meaningful notice of the measure before final action. Public access is not a technicality. It is the foundation of lawful public decision-making. Second, the Council cannot lawfully vote on a document that the public could not properly access. If the official County link showed a blank screen during the notice period, then members of the public were prevented from reviewing the very document they were expected to evaluate and testify on.That raises a serious Sunshine Law and due process concern. Third, the General Plan is legally required to include maps designating land use. If the document before the Council does not include the operative maps, then the Council is being asked to adopt an incomplete General Plan. If maps are introduced at the last minute, that does not cure the defect. It creates a new one, because the public would not have had an opportunity to review or comment on a material component of a 25-year land use document. Fourth,Appendix A of Bill 66, titled"General Plan 2026-2045,"is reportedly blank.A blank appendix in the operative ordinance is not a harmless formatting issue. If the appendix is part of the bill being adopted, and that appendix is empty, then the Council is voting on a facially incomplete instrument. Fifth, the bill appears to violate the Ramseyer requirement. Changes to existing law must be shown clearly, including deletions and additions. This is not optional.The public and the Council must be able to see what law is being removed,what law is being added, and how the current law is being changed.A bill that does not show those changes properly deprives the public of meaningful review and deprives the Council of a lawful basis for final action. Sixth, the Planning Commissions did not approve the same document that is now before the Council. The Windward and Leeward Planning Commissions reviewed and recommended a version of GP2045. If the Council is now voting on a materially different document, then the statutory review process has been bypassed.A recommendation on one document cannot be' transferred to a substantially different document that the Planning Commissions never reviewed. Seventh, the public process appears to have moved through several generations of documents without adequate public notice. The public was invited to comment on GP2040 in 2019.That document was later abandoned or replaced. GP2045 then emerged as a different planning framework. Now the Council is considering a General Plan 2026-2045 document that appears to have been rewritten again without a comparable public process. The public cannot be invited into one process and then have its testimony carried over, discarded, or bypassed through later substitutions. Eighth, the Council has acknowledged that problems with the plan may need to be fixed after passage.That is not a lawful reason to pass the document today. If the plan needs to be fixed, it is not ready for final adoption. The 2005 General Plan included a formal amendment process requiring public hearings for a reason.The Council cannot adopt a defective document now and attempt to legislate it into validity later. For these reasons, I respectfully ask the Council not to proceed with final passage of Bill 66 today. The record should reflect that the Council was warned publicly that the document may be legally defective; that the public may not have received adequate notice or access; that required maps and appendices appear incomplete or missing; that Ramseyer formatting may not have been followed; and that the version before the Council may not have received the required Planning Commission review. The record also reflects that Corporation Counsel for our County Renee Schoen stated that her office has specifically not reviewed the maps. She claimed that it was outside of the expertise of the Office. This appears to leave Council to rely on legal advice from Planning Director Jeff Darrow who advised to pass a document with known legal flaws. If the public can see legal problems with the maps attached including changes to the `assigned use'of 3 subdivisions and numerous errors, then Corporation Counsel absolutely should have provided legal'counsel and the fact that they didn't is extremely concerning. There is an active case pending in Third Circuit Court, Zeeman et al.v. County of Hawaii, Case No. 3CCV 26-0000139, with a preliminary injunction hearing scheduled for July 15, 2026.The Council should not move forward in a way that deepens the legal controversy or creates further harm to the public record. I respectfully ask this Council to stop, defer final action, correct the record, provide the public with the full and complete document, and restart the legally required review process before any final vote is taken. Megan Isaac Hilo, Hawaii Resident. From: ' Dave Joy Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 10:16 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong Opposition to Bill 66 - Second Reading As a concerned Puna resident of Seaview Estates, I strongly oppose approval of the second reading of Bill 66.This mandate seriously threatens property rights and our rural way of life in Puna. There are flagrant, illegal land zoning reassignments(from Agricultural to Natural) in numerous Puna subdivisions without notifying property owners of said change(HRS CH226 and the 2005 General Plan requiring the Planning Dept to notify affected property owners).This is tantamount to an unlawful land grab without inviting active citizen involvement in the conversation. Additionally, I wish to voice my strong opposition to including data centers in the General Plan. Such facilities require abnormally excessive amounts of energy and water resources--and it is now widely understood that PGV's growing 24/7 power output will be dedicated to running data centers designed for the surveillance grid. Please allow the 2045 General Plan to protect the citizens of Puna --not harm us! Thank you for including my concerns. Sincerely, Karuna David Joy 12-143 Mapuana Ave. Pahoa, HI 96778 "The way you do anything is the way you do everything." ("Always and only at the last possible moment...") Buckminster Fuller 1 From: Island Moonlight Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 7:51 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong opposition to Bill 66 • To Hawaii County Council members, Thank you for all your hard work and consideration re: a long overdue General Plan for Hawaii Island. However,we still need more refining and more time on certain points that would lead to detrimental consequences for both residents and visitors if implemented as is. I am a Big Island property owner(since 1996), kupuna, and resident who first arrived in Hilo in 1975. I am also a tertiary educator, author, and elder caregiver. While I understand Hawaii is a military base, I am opposed to the ongoing transition to corporate- dominated.land use that is FAR from sustainable or environmentally friendly. It is also hurting our health, soils, ecostructures and wellness. It strips away out basic freedoms to pursue individualhappiness and community well-being. It is not Pono. When I read the General Plan (draft 2) my heart sinks. Pushing ahead with private land grabs, open space networks,tightly packed urban zones, and net zero mandates, on and on ... Likewise,the U.N.Agenda 2045 is not Pono. It is destructive to humanity and the planet.We should not follow it to this extent. I understand we can't please everyone.Yet... The current proposed General Plan is saturated with benefits for corporate and financial greed and control. It is not in the best interest of the people,the'aina,the rural uniqueness and future potential of this island. Therefore, I do not consent. Mahalo, Nancy Kahalewai PO Box 71-1525 Mountain View, HI 96771 • From: kalei purdy Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 10:58 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Testimony on Bill 66, General Plan 2045 Draft 2 - I strongly OPPOSE Bill 66, GP 2045 Monday,June 1, 2026 - Aloha Hawaii County Council members, My name is (Ms.) Kalei Kailikini, resident of Hilo, Hawaii. I represent myself and my Ohana. I'm originally from Moloka'i, and relocated from O'ahu to Hilo 14 yrs. ago. Hawaii Island is like my second home because my father's family are pioneers of Waimea and my husband and his family are also pioneers of Waimea or District 9. I was married to my husband for 35 yrs., we have two sons, &2 daughters. We lived on Oahu for close to 40 yrs. because of our careers and after his passing I moved to Hawaii Island. I feel at home in Waimea because of our ancestors who helped build with love Waimea town. It's not just Waimea's infinite beauty, but celebrating family traditions passed down for generations; fortunate to possess fond memories, educating and valuing the cattle industry which gave us our Paniolo history. I hope by sharing my family roots of Waimea will emphasize my life-time 7-generational stewardship, caring and love for Hawaii Island. I OPPOSE Bill 66, General Plan 2045 for the following reasons that have been consistent and with some additions: 1. Stakeholders- Defined in GP2045 "anyone &everyone".... allowing billionaires and foreign countries to give input& make decisions for GP2045's Goals, Policies, Actions & Implementations. This will diminish Hawaii Island residents' powers to develop, contribute, consult, and protect their properties. Rich, powerful people can out bid residents when purchasing land; they can donate millions of dollars to gain control in the board rooms of hospitals, schools, businesses, local organizations. Ordinary residents who have lived here for years and love their homes cannot compete with billionaires' money and foreign countries' powerful influence. Why are our elected representatives not listening to residents and disregarding this inequitable &disparaging concern by voting to pass GP2045? It seems to me that some Council members do not listen or take testifiers seriously, my mana'o (thoughts)as a testifier. I cannot speak for the people who support GP2045 because common sense is not common -anymore. 2. Heather Kimball's Comm. 372.199 dated April 2, 2026 item#3 Reads: Chapter 4, Element 4.3, Table 33, is amended by adding the following language: "Data Centers" *High electricity demand may strain grid capacity&increase costs for residents; *High water demand for cooling may impact limited water resources, * Low employment yield relative to land &infrastructure consumption, * Potential to displace more productive or community-serving land uses, *Lack of regulatory framework may lead to inconsistent citing decisions. But, Kimball did draw back her amendments to GP2045 which is only temporary; she or any Council member can bring it back & pass it. Data Centers are the "talk"of the entire world, not just the United States or Hawaii. To see that Kimball drafted Comm. 372.199 proves that elected representatives can change from an ordinary resident to a monetary/political opportunist. What happened to concerns about energy and water resources described in GP2045? Does Kimball or any other Council member want us to believe they are ignorant of the dangers of Data Centers? Testimonies from April and May 2026 showed 99% whether in support or opposed to GP2045 are against Data Centers for Hawaii Island and Hawaii. Across the U.S. over 70% of Americans are AGAINST Data Centers- Hawaii is over 80%!! •NO DATA CENTERS!!! 3. I have and continue to review written and oral testimonies for Bill 66, General Plan 2045 and this is what I found.... A. After reviewing some of the 2025 Planning Commission hearings written testimonies on GP2045 I found that approx. 95%were OPPOSED to GP2045. The majority or common reason for 1 opposition is protection of private land owners' rights. They voiced grave concerns for maps showing encroachment on current private lands into the new zones- Natural & Recreation. Also, residential areas moved to the shorelines. The question is how can large amounts of the population (residents)fit on the shorelines? The answer is Smart Cities or referred to as 15-Minute Cities, developed by the World Economic Forum and the United Nations. Please do not excuse this statement away as a conspiracy theory and be considered ignorant. it is factual and can be proven. My question after reviewing testimonies before the Planning Commission showing that over 90% of the residents OPPOSED GP2045, why did the Council DISREGARD majority of residents who testified their concerns? This is evident because after attending many hearings from 2024-2025 to the present and have not heard any Council member bring this fact and concerns to the hearings. There's no discussion on the consensus of the residents from 2024-2025. Moving to the Council in 2025-2026, the common, majority concern of testifiers is the same -protection of private land owners' rights whether they oppose or support GP2045. B. I also found that many testifiers in the Council hearings for 2025-2026 . who Support GP 2045 are from government: State, County& Federal agencies, departments, Planning Community Commissions or Boards, organizations (NGOs, business, non-profits), and the University of Hawaii, which are not ordinary residents, but individuals that may have a conflict of interest or"trained"to accept GP2045 which we are reminded was produced by the hard working Hawaii County Planning Department and received much input from many State, Federal &County agencies/departments. Seriously, how can I or any ordinary resident equate our testimonies to those who work for these government entities and organizations. I reviewed hundreds of testimonies in 2025-2026 before the Council and found that approx. 63% OPPOSE GP2045 & approx. 37% SUPPORT GP2045. Therefore, approx. 95% OPPOSED GP2045 in 2024-2025 before the Planning Commission &now approx. 63% OPPOSED to GP20,45 before the Council is clearly the majority of Hawaii Island residents who do not want GP2045. It will take more time to create the best General Plan for Hawaii Island. Mayor Alameda and the Planning Director, Jeff Darrow both stated that this Plan must not be rushed and it is better to take our time to create the best Plan. In closing-please vote against Bill 66, GP 2045 as it reflects the majority of residents who testified consistently. Using excuses such as it took 10 yrs. to produce General Plan 2045; lots of hard work, yet for many this was their paid jobs; 4 Council members stated they want to pass GP2045 in this Council and quoting a large amount of money spent. If these are reasons for any Council member to vote to pass GP2045, it will only confirm they refuse to acknowledge, listen or follow the mandate of the majority of testifiers (residents). Please don't rush this process, there are many concerned, engaged, and active residents who want the best Plan for Hawaii Island. Mahalo, (Ms) Kalei Kailikini Concerned, Love and Loyal to Hawaii Island Email: kaleipurdy@yahoo.com a 2 From: Rebecca Kauwe Sent: Monday, June 1, 2026 3:50 PM To: Council Testimony; Hustace,James; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Onishi, Dennis; Inaba, Holeka; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Subject: Subject: Legal Violations Requiring Full Rejection of the General Plan 2045 Opposition Testimony - Hawai`i County General Plan 2045 To: Hawaii County Council, Planning Commission, and Department of Planning Aloha Chair, Council Members, Planning Commissioners, and Department of Planning Leadership, , Mahalo for the opportunity to submit testimony. I am writing in strong opposition to the Hawaii County General Plan 2045.This plan must be fully rejected, not revised, not corrected, and not restarted. It is legally defective, procedurally flawed, and fundamentally out of alignment with the laws and values that govern Hawaii County and the State of Hawaii. A plan that violates law cannot be"fixed." It must be discarded. 1 . The Plan Violates the Aloha Spirit Law (HRS § 5-7.5) The Aloha Spirit Law is not symbolic—it is a statutory requirement for how government must conduct itself. . The General Plan violates this law by: • publishing maps with known errors • failing to correct inaccuracies after public notice • ignoring substantial community testimony • advancing a plan that creates confusion, distrust, and division A plan built on errors and omissions is not Aloha and therefore not lawful. 1 2. The Plan Violates the State Planning Act (HRS Chapter 226) HRS 226 requires county general plans to be: • accurate • coordinated • consistent • based on reliable data • reflective of community needs The General Plan 2045 violates HRS 226 by: • containing incorrect land-use designations • failing to provide clear, measurable policy direction • relying on vague,open-ended language • delegating influence to outside organizations not accountable to residents • • failing to demonstrate orderly coordination with affected communities A plan that contradicts the State Planning Act cannot be legally adopted. 3. The Plan Violates the Hawaii County Charter § 3-15 The County Charter requires that the General Plan: • be based on accurate data • include reliable maps • reflect public input • provide clear guidance for zoning and development • be internally consistent The General Plan 2045 violates the Charter by: • • publishing maps with documented errors • changing land-use designations without proper notice • failing to incorporate substantial public opposition • including hundreds of vague policies that cannot guide zoning • creating internal inconsistencies between text and maps A plan that violates the County Charter is legally invalid. 2 4. The Plan Violates Due-Process Requirements for Property Owners Land-use designation changes require: • proper notice • transparency • opportunity for meaningful participation Yet many property owners report: • no notice of proposed changes • no explanation for reclassification • no opportunity to contest or correct errors This violates basic due-process principles and undermines the legal validity of the plan. A plan that violates due process must be rejected, not amended. 5. The Plan Violates Administrative Law Principles (Clarity, Predictability, Non-Delegation) A lawful general plan must: • provide clear standards • avoid unbounded administrative discretion • avoid delegating authority to non-governmental entities The General Plan 2045 violates these principles by: • embedding vague, subjective policy language • granting future administrations broad interpretive power • • relying on outside organizations to shape implementation • failing to define measurable outcomes This creates legal risk, administrative instability, and potential for arbitrary enforcement. A plan that violates administrative law must be discarded. 3 6. The Plan Violates Fiscal Responsibility Requirements The County Charter and State law require long-range plans to be: • realistic • financially feasible • aligned with available resources The General Plan 2045 is: • too large • too complex • too expensive • beyond the County's staffing and budget capacity A plan that cannot be implemented violates fiscal kuleana and statutory planning obligations. 7. The Plan Violates Cultural and Constitutional Stewardship Principles As a Native Hawaiian, I hold that: Ua Mau ke Ea o ka `Aina i ka Pono Sovereignty is preserved only through righteousness. The plan violates this principle by: • • misrepresenting land classifications • failing to honor community testimony • embedding policies that may restrict future rights • creating uncertainty for`ohana and property owners A plan that destabilizes rights destabilizes trust. Conclusion and Legal Demand For these legal, procedural, cultural, and structural reasons, I respectfully request that the County Council and Planning Commission: 4 1. Reject the General Plan 2045 in its entirety. 2. Remove it from consideration due to violations of HRS 226, HRS 5-7.5, due-process requirements, and the Hawaii County Charter. 3. Cease further advancement of this plan and acknowledge its legal defects on the public record. Aloha is responsibility. Pono is action. And lawful governance requires both. Mahalo for your time, service, and thoughtful consideration. Sincerely, Rebecca Kauwe Kailua-Kona, Hawaii Email: kokuahealth(c�gmail.com Phone: (808)491-3592 If you want, I can also prepare: • a 1-minute oral version • a version tailored for property-rights advocates • a version emphasizing dual-sovereignty conflicts • a public-friendly social media version Just tell me which one you want. • From: Shannon Keithley Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 2:23 PM • To: ' Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66— REQUEST TO POSTPONE or CANCELL Aloha Hawaii County Council Members, My name is Shannon Keithley, and I am a Hawaii Island resident. I am writing in strong opposition to Bill 66, Draft 2,the General Plan 2045, scheduled for second and final reading on June 3, 2026. I respectfully ask the Council to postpone this vote and allow more time for residents to fully review and respond to this 300+ page plan, or to vote NO on Bill 66 as currently written. My concerns are simple: Hawaii Island is rural, agricultural, off-grid, and spread out. Many families here depend on their land, vehicles,farms, animals, catchment systems,tools, and open space to survive.A long-range plan that affects land use, development patterns,transportation, energy, agriculture, infrastructure, and rural communities should not be rushed through without full public understanding and trust. I am deeply concerned that this plan could weaken private property rights, increase pressure toward compact development, and create future policy pathways that may not fit the realities of rural Hawaii Island life.A General Plan may be called a "guide," but these plans influence zoning, permitting, land use decisions, infrastructure priorities, and future laws.That means vague language matters. Broad authority matters. Lack of clear protections matters. Before any final vote, residents deserve clear answers: Will this plan protect private property rights? Will rural agricultural landowners still be able to use and improve their land? Will off-grid families be protected? Will future zoning or land-use changes be forced on communities without meaningful consent? Will rural residents who depend on gas and diesel vehicles be protected from unrealistic transportation mandates? Will families be compensated fairly if public goals affect private land? I am not against planning. I am against approving a massive long-term plan without enough public trust, clear protections, and plain-language.explanations for everyday residents. Please do not dismiss residents as"misinformed" simply because they are afraid.The County has a responsibility to slow down, answer the concerns directly, and protect the people who live here. I respectfully urge you to: Postpone the final vote on Bill 66; Hold additional public hearings islandwide, including Puna, Ka`u, Hamakua, Kona, and rural communities; Provide a plain-language summary of how this plan affects private property, rural land use,vehicles, farming, and off-grid living; Add explicit protections for private property rights, rural lifestyles, agricultural use, and fair compensation; Or vote NO on Bill 66 as currently written. Hawaii Island's future should not be decided without the full understanding and consent of the people who live here. Mahalo for your time and service. 1 J Respectfully, Shannon Keithley Pahoa/Hawaiti Island resident 2 From: Kimberly Kekina Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 4:23 AM To: Council Testimony • Subject: General Plan 2045 Sent from my iPhone Aloha Please don't ignore our community I oppose General Plan 2045 I want to for my Ohana and Keikis futures save our properties.1 don't want this Plan Mahalo 1 From: Gail Kelly Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 7:56 PM To: • Hustace,James; Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer;Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt;Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka Subject: Please Support GP2026 and OPPOSE GP2045 • counciltestimony@hawaiicounty.gov heather.kimballAhawaiicounty.gov jennifer.kagiwada@hawaiicounty.gov dennis.onishi@hawaiicounty.gov matt.kanealii-kleinfelder@hawaiicounty.gov michelle.galimba@hawaiicounty.gov rebecca.villegas@hawaiicounty.gov holeka.inabaAhawaiicounty.gov iames.hustaceAhawaiicounty.gov ashley.kierkiewicz@hawaiicounty.gov CC: Mayor mayorsoffice@hawaiicounty.gov • Subject: Oppose GP 2045 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. This plan is so large, vague and filled with areas of concern. Have you read and do you understand each and every item? The citizens you represent have concerns which are going unheeded. We want to feel heard. Please do not take away our future rights. Please vote No--at least for now. We want progress too, but not at the cost of common sense. Support GP2026 instead. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and i costly corrections. These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process. A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate, transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Gail and Richard Kelly Keaau, Hawaiian Paradise Park • • From: Jon Kennealy Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 10:30 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong Opposition to BILL 66 - Second reading! Good Morning, I am formally requesting a opportunity to speak for 3 minutes at the second reading of Bill-66. I strongly oppose the actions this Bill is proposing. It is illegal in multiple ways. If this bill passes, a class action lawsuit and dual federal/private mainland investigation will be had in conjuction with the lawsuit to follow as we will not have any aspect of government threaten our homes or tell us what we can own or not, or cause your citizens undue hardship through this BILL. An immediate response to this email with details of when I will have time to speak on this. Thank you Jonathan Kennealy 1 I. From: Kerrith King Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 12:48 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: "STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING". "STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66-SECOND READING". I'm an 88-yr-old disabled vet living in Pahoa since 1988. I'm a former teacher of speech-communication at the UH.The wording of each proposal appears to be purposefully confusing; I don't understand the long-range implications. And, I'm only just now hearing about this significant vote with virtually no time to discuss it. Please re-write the proposals so that those of us with sixth-grade reading skills/dyslexia can understand what we are voting for or against.What would help if you explained the hidden consequences,the reasoning behind each proposal. Both sides of the argument. Here are two rumors posted on our Next Door forum about the proposals. Paraphrased: "'They'will be able to take your property without...." Or, "'They' plan on banning all gasoline vehicles...." Scary stuff! Yes? Not everyone reads the newspaper. I suggest you monitor and post proposals on our Next Door (Hawaiian Beaches/Shores)forum for us 4500 voters. Aloha Kerrith (Kerry) King 1 Opposition to Bill 66 • Dear Chair and Members of the Hawaii County Council, My name is Nicholas Kirby, and I am a resident of District 4, Hawaiian Beaches. I am writing to express my strong opposition to Bill 66 and the proposed Hawaii County General Plan 2045. As a proponent of individual liberty,free markets, and limited government, I have serious concerns regarding several core aspects of this plan: • The aggressive implementation of rigid Urban Growth Boundaries and restrictions on rural expansion artificially limits land use.This heavy-handed zoning strips private landowners of their rights and suppresses free-market development, which will ultimately worsen our island's housing availability and affordability. • The top-down mandates aimed at achieving net-zero emissions by 2045 restrict energy choices and eliminate market competition. Forcing these transitions through government mandates will inevitably drive up utility,transportation, and living costs for independent,working-class families who are already struggling with the high cost of living. • Expanding regulatory oversight through broad "Biocultural Stewardship"frameworks and "Natural Beauty" designations creates an unnecessary layer of bureaucracy.This red tape disproportionately harms small businesses, local farmers, and independent operators while favoring entrenched,well-connected interests. The future of the Big Island should rely on economic freedom, individual responsibility, and voluntary cooperation, not centralized planning and administrative overreach. I urge the Council to reject Bill 66 and the General Plan 2045 in its current form. Thank you for your time and for considering my testimony. Sincerely, Nicholas Kirby Hawaiian Beaches, District 4 . From: andrea korte Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 1:14 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: I strongly oppose Bill 66!!! Good day, My name is Andrea korte and I reside in Naalehu ( Kau) and I oppose the aggressive timeline to phase out gas and diesel which threatens our rural local community. We do not live in a compact city by choice so traveling long distances poses a real hardship..We live rural by choice and object to being forced to move to the congested city of Kona or Hilo since mass transit isn't reliable or feasible.What about adequate housing, access to grocery stores for those you plan to force to relocate? What about existing business who rely on gas, diesel? I vote NO!! Please remember you are public servants who were elected to represent those who voted you into office!! You serve us,we don't serve you!!! I also object to Al centers who can't tell you how much water will be used, how much electricity,where will the electricity come from when the grid is already overwhelmed?? We will not be forced into 15 minute cities!!! General Plan 2045 must not pass!!! Andrea korte • 94-6282 Pua st Naalehu, HI 96772 Proud resident of Kau Keep Kau rural for the next generation!!! Our families and ancestors worked incredibly hard to build a life of freedom and liberty and,we the people, have the right to choose how we live,where we live, how we travel. Thank you for taking the time to read this email and do what is right for the hard working residents of this beautiful state. 1 From: Jocqueline Kowrach Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 1:52 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66—Second Reading TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: I have been a full time resident of the Big Island for 26 years...I have some MAJOR concerns about Bill 66. • I believe it's impact will be substantial to many of the residents. The plan should be something that the PEOPLE vote on. • • The policies will cost taxpayers more. The following issues were not addressed: 1. What services will be dropped to implement the policy changes? 2. How will the policy changes be paid for? 3. If the policies are going to be added to an already full plate of the county employees, how do you expect quality work to be done by them? • Has the implementation of the items in the plan been looked at as to a "proven" successful track record in other parts of the United States...why shoot ourselves in the foot doing something that has been tried and NOT been successful? • The power it gives to a minority to make decisions impacting common residents is not acceptable. • Policy impacts regarding zoning are not realistic...these will close the doors to ALL potential development ...who knows what opportunities will be open between now and 2045. ALSO, people should have the right to decide if they choose to live in a residential area where there is a high volcanic hazard...we are ALL living on a volcano. It is our choice...some should have the right to lives closer to the activity if they want! • Some of the statical data is 10 years old...that is not relevant to make policy changes, especially since implementation in some of the policies' is expected 19 years down the road. • Has a figure been determined as to the cost of a carbon footprint ...net zero emission by 2045 as well as for a mass transit fleet by 2035? Where is the money going to come from as services are expected to be increased using vehicles that will need to be charged to get thru a full day of services. • Street trees...is the cost of the continual maintenance, water, fertilizing, trimming and clean up worth it? The current center medians that are in Kailua-Kona are not maintained often enough to "enhance the beauty" of our City...that has proven to be a "poor choice" of tax payer money! • Charging stations...will there really be enough of them for all the county vehicles and what are the drivers suppose to be doing while they wait to charge their vehicle? This document is not the right one for this group of people to implement...I continue to STRONGLY OPPOSE IT! i Jocqueline Kowrach 77-326 Sunset Drive, Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 808 938-7283 • • 2 From: Jessica K Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 4:05 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: General Plan 2045 • Aloha, I am writing to comment on the General Plan. I believe that any zoning created by the Council should create contingencies for climate change and for protecting infrastructure such as roads with regards to this kind of reality. Given the storm damage and even the damage from the recent earthquake,we need to do a great deal to protect basic structural needs. I am for creating as many conservation zones as possible to help protect our ecosystem, provided that it does not lead to encroachment on landowners' private property with regards to easements and public access. I am for increasing zoning for sustainable local agriculture and would prefer that to zoning for industrial agriculture. Mahalo for your consideration. Jessica Kuzmier,West Hawai'i Island • From: Avani Lange Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:45 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong opposition to Bill"66- Second reading I do not support the passing of bill 66 as it is a breech of legality and is not in the best interest of the people.So much money has been wasted and not utilized in an effecient manner and we don't need more,we need competence. OPPOSE 66! _ • • Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:24 AM To: Renata Langner; Council Testimony Cc: John de Kadt Subject: RE: Strong opposition to the Bill 66 Request Postpone this hearing From: Renata Langner Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 5:38 PM To:Council Remote Testimony<councilremotetestimony@hawaiicounty.gov> Cc:John de Kadt<johndekadt@gmail.com> Subject:Strong opposition to the Bill 66 Request Postpone this hearing • Aloha Hawaii County Council Members, My name is Renata Langner and I am a Hawaii Island resident. I am writing to respectfully oppose Bill 66, Draft 2,the General Plan 2045, and to ask the Council to postpone the final vote or vote NO as currently written. Hawaii Island is not like O`ahu. Many of us live rural, agricultural, off-grid, and spread-out lives.We depend on our land, our vehicles, our animals, our farms, our catchment systems, our tools, and our open space. Any long-term plan that affects land use, development,transportation;energy, infrastructure, agriculture, and rural communities must be handled carefully and transparently. A 300+ page General Plan should not be rushed through without the full understanding of the people it will affect. Even if the plan is described as a guide, General Plans influence future zoning, permitting, funding priorities, land-use decisions, and future laws.That means the language in this plan matters. Before any final vote, residents deserve clear answers: Will private property rights be fully protected? Will rural and agricultural landowners still be able to use, improve, and pass down their land? Will off-grid families be protected? Will rural residents who depend on gas and diesel vehicles be protected from unrealistic transportation policies? 1 Will future zoning or land-use changes be forced onto communities without meaningful public consent? Will private land ever be used for public goals without fair compensation? I am not against responsible planning. I am against approving a massive long-term plan without enough public trust, plain-language explanations, and clear protections for the people who actually live here. I respectfully urge the Council to: Postpone the final vote on Bill 66; Hold more public meetings across the island, especially in rural communities; Provide a clear, plain-language explanation of how this plan affects property rights, rural land use, farming, off-grid living,transportation, and future zoning; Add explicit protections for private property owners, agricultural land, rural lifestyles, and fair compensation; Or vote NO on Bill 66 as currently written. Please slow this process down. Hawaii Island residents deserve time, clarity, and protection before a plan this large and far-reaching is adopted. Mahalo for your time and service. Respectfully, This affects our basic rights to life, liberty, property, self-sufficiency, and the ability to pursue a safe and meaningful life on our own land." Sent from Yahoo Mail for iPhone • / From: Adam Roberts Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 7:33 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING Aloha, I oppose this bill. The attempt to change property zoning, and acquire private land is not ok. Landowners should be able to maintain their own rights-including exclusive water rights to catchment. Net zero mandates are not currently sustainable.The first step should be providing better public transit systems and rebates to encourage carpooling. Focus on providing more local jobs in rural areas and more export/less import. Thank you, Laura • JUNE 3 TESTIMONY- OPPOSITION TO BILL 66/GENERAL PLAN 2045 Carolyn Lawpaugh Lachance I Representing Myself Chair and Council Members, • My name is Carolyn Lawpaugh Lachance,and I represent myself.I am testifying in opposition to Bill 66 and the General Plan 2045. My objection is simple:this government keeps expanding power through long-range planning,working groups, amendments,and"policy"language while the people are buried under rent,food,electricity,insurance,water,and taxes. That is not informed consent.That is government by exhaustion. If the General Plan is only guidance,then stop trying,to turn it into binding direction.If it is becoming a controlling government framework over land,water,energy,housing,infrastructure,privacy,and the future economy of this island,then say that plainly and ask the people directly. HCR 206 proves these concerns are real.The State has already requested a working group to study large data centers, artificial intelligence,cloud computing,electric utilities,ratepayers,natural resources,water,and climate goals.Legislators voted on that.The people did not directly vote on it. So I am asking plainly:Where are the completed impact-study results?What is the dollar cost of this working group?What percentage,if any,is being pushed toward utility customers or taxpayers?No separate appropriation does not mean no public cost.Government time is public money. HCR 206 itself admits data centers can require massive electricity,costly grid upgrades,and substantial water for cooling. Yet there is no clear public,facility-by-facility water-use disclosure for data centers in Hawaii,and no transparent cleanup or decommissioning ledger for older data-center infrastructure.Every family with a water meter gets a bill.Industrial data centers and AI infrastructure should not receive weaker accountability than the people. The General Plan also encourages renewable energy development,energy resilience,and infrastructure expansion,and it identifies geothermal as a Hawaii Island resource.I oppose using clean-energy language to pressure communities into geothermal,exploratory drilling,grid expansion,or industrial infrastructure without specific public consent.Laws can be amended,and I intend to work on that this summer. In my opinion,moving Bill 66 forward while these questions remain unanswered goes against the spirit of constitutional government and the Supremacy Clause.The Constitution is higher law.It is supposed to protect the people,not sit on the wall while local government builds policies the people do not understand,did not consent to,and may be forced to fund. The Declaration of Independence speaks directly to repeated usurpations.It states that when government becomes destructive of the ends for which it was instituted,"it is the Right of the People to alter.or to abolish it,"and under a long train of abuses,"it is their right,it is their duty,to throw off such Government,and to provide new Guards for their future security."I invoke those words as lawful civic duty:investigation,removal of corruption,elections,lawful amendment,and constitutional accountability. I have contacted the White House and requested lawful federal oversight by appropriate legal authorities,including military legal/JAG officers,to examine public-integrity concerns and blatant disregard for We the People. This is lawful notice.I am not afraid to say plainly what many people are thinking:this is another example of usurpation. Reject Bill 66 as written,slow this process down,disclose the impacts,disclose the costs,disclose the water use,disclose the old-infrastructure cleanup status,and put the people before the machine. Thank you. From: Sophia's Mom • Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 4:44 PM To: Council Testimony Cc: Galimba, Michelle M.; Hustace,James;Villegas, Rebecca; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Kimball, Heather; Onishi, Dennis; Kierkiewicz,Ashley; Inaba, Holeka Subject: , Please consider my Testimony on the General Plan for Wed, 6/3, Meeting Aloha Honorable County Council Members, If some of these are no longer the line item #s realize the issues have not changed. I have two jobs...and cannot keep up with the amendments, • versions, bills (ie; Bill 66), etc. put forth. GET RID OF ALL "Should" in the document where a benefit to the public good is being defined! Where the public is being limited, made to have less property rights and civil liberties; all "shalls" will be changed to "present to the public for discussion and enactment with public consensus". I reject Pg 41(7) Alternative ownership and partnership models may be appropriate in some cases. The County should evaluate opportunities for public, cooperative, or public -private ownership or partnership models that could improve local contro 61N ,... none of those will do that! Strike, "service quality, or affordability, where feasible and consistent with applicable law". Article 3. Public Access. Section 3- 3- 1. Policies. 5) Access is essential to cultural practice and continuity. Traditional and customary Native Hawaiian gathering, access routes, and cultural practices should (change to shall) be recognized, respected, and accommodated in the planning and management of public access. • This General Plan NEEDS TO HONOR THE HAWAI'IANS we stole it from! 7) Subsistence access supports food gathering and land stewardship. Public access policies should (change to shall) recognize the role of hunting, fishing, and gathering in local food security, cultural practice, and active land stewardship, and support safe and appropriate access to designated areas in coordination with responsible agencies. 1 8) Access must remain usable across generations. Public access infrastructure should (change to shall) be clearly marked, safely designed, and regularly maintained to ensure long-term usability and public benefit. Section 3- 3- 2. Actions. a) Effective access planning begins with knowing what exists. The planning department shall identify, map, and maintain an inventory of existing and potential public access points, including beaches, shorelines, trails, open spaces, and commonly used access routes. b) The development process shall require the dedication or preservation of public access easements where allowed by law as part of subdivision, zoning, or development approvals as appropriate, but not diminish the first amendment private property rights of any owner no matter what The County deems public interest may be! c) Access improvements should (change to shall) be functional, safe, and culturally-sensitive. The department of Public Works, in coordination with other County departments, shall improve and maintain County-owned access points, including signage, pathways, parking, and basic safety features. Nowhere is there a requirement to publicly publish the accounting of monies taken in and paid out by The County of Hawai'i (especially wherein the County paid Contractors over $10,00o for any work on behalf of the County). We require this financial disclosure &publication for all citizens to see. The property taxes being paid in warrant this like never before! We need to extend the time allowed for all Hawai'i islanders can get newspaper notices that these meetings on the General Plan are taking place. My two tutus only know because of me...most do not know. They do read the local papers...needs to be in bold in the first couple of pages. The short time frame allowed to review this document prior to this meeting is not fair to those who work...Also, it creates suspicion that there is something attempting to be done without allowing the public adequate scrutiny. I have spent in excess of 32 hours on this...that is conservative. Those council members who want a feather in their hat by finishing this prior to the election...I can bring you a hat &feather if it is that important. There is no guarantee in this document that the public will be in control of our frequency (EMFs) environment. I am VERY sensitive to these. We 2 must be allowed to control locations of 5G towers... We also must have protections for the cessation of harmful pesticides being applied to our properties without notice. Currently this is not carefully delineated. Please put in that The County will assist with Collaborative Biocultural Stewardship in eradicating the fire ant, coqui frog, mongoose & controlling the pig population!! In my area, much food has been lost because it is too expensive to fence adequately to keep the pig out. Mahalo for your service, April from Hawi 808-989-5995 cce�pp �j/� --- Olawaiian U3/e-s'y: • May there Always be V Warmth in your Hale k_ Fish in your Net `',:m'. and Alalu 1E,In your He rt y`' p, .."tin I3.aW�c r 4�'� b y 1..' Sent with Proton Mail secure email. • 3 From: Leona Leialoha • Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 7:51 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING Mahalo Council Members for your consideration on this matter. I strongly oppose this bill as it will affect everyone negatively. Our inherent rights to live as kanaka on our`aina is being dangerously compromised by this! Sincerely Leona Leialoha i May 31, 2026 TO: County Council FROM: Meizhu Lui, Papaaloa • RE: Bill 66 As an ordinary resident,'I was involved in the long process of developing the Hamakua Community Development Plan, beginning around 2008. The first step was asking us what we wanted for Hamakua's future. To ensure that everyone was comfortable participating, anyone could host a visioning meeting wherever, guided by a set of simple questions. The Plan grew from the ground up. The Community Development Plans that resulted were to provide a basis for the General Plan. At first I was afraid that the community plans would not be followed, but I have been convinced that the General Plan does adequately reflect the vision of community residents. While some may say that it does not include enough input from newer residents, I believe that the views of longer term residents who understand and agree that Hawaiian values should continue to guide our island into the future.should carry the most weight. Too often newcomers want to remake our County into the kinds of places they came from, rather than appreciating Hawaii's unique history and culture. Some also say that times have changed since the process began. The Plan does take major changes into account, particularly climate change; which most of us believe is already upon us — a severe El Nino this year! After thousands of people's input, after thousands of hours of work by County staff, after more than enough opportunities for community members to review and testify — it's time to pass the Plan! It is not only important as a path to the future most of us want. It is also a tool for community members to ensure that our government abides by the Plan in the spirit of"of the people, by the people, and for the people." I support Bill 66. Meizhu Lui From: cheri_808 Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 10:15 AM To: Mayor's Office Executive;Council Testimony;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; • Hustace,James; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Cc: Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M. Subject: Oppose GP 2045 Dear Council Members, , I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process.A plan intended to guide Hawai`i Island for decades should be accurate,transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Cheri Mardon Kealakekua Sent from Proton Mail for iOS. 1 • From: Mary W Maxwell Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 11:42 AM To: Council Testimony; Mary W Maxwell Subject: General Plan 2045, Citizen Testimony Dear Council of Hawaii County, Ho'opnopono. I'm sorry. Forgive me. I love you.Thank you. Michelle Melendez is to be greatly valued for reminding us that we still have some power. I am not Hawaiian but I 'relate'to those islands. • The destruction of Lahaina is the main event of recent history as far as I'm concerned. As can be seen at Paul Deslauriers'website,the Maui Community Investigation has confirmed that we Americans were attacked with DEW, DirectedEnergy Weapons on August 8, 20 23 --as well as later in California. The malice is also well recorded in Stephanie Pierucci's book"Burn Back Better."Just think of the cynicism in the words of that title. Similar things are now happening everywhere because we were too diffident to stand up to the evil powers. I am writing today to ask you to defeat passage of Hawaii General Plan 2045 --on general principles. On the face of it, one can see that 2045 is not a genuine attempt to set out good land use. It says nothing of the philosophy of Aina which is among the best in the world. I, on the mainland, have the feeling that Hawaii has been singled out for punishment BECAUSE Hawaii supports Aina,the magic connections of land, sea, sky, and nature. Please don't let the harm-doers get any more power, no matter how innocent the legislation sounds. Slam your fist down on it. Harm-doers need to be opposed flat out.Think of the absurd release of mosquitos now occurring on Maui, 'experimentally.' No doubt some members know what this experim\ent is for, in their heart of hearts, but believe they are supposed to go along with political trends. Please bring a big blessing to the world by doing what Deslauriers' group is doing--insisting on truth.And please excuse me for my huge impertinence. I really feel stupid, so lacking in diplomacy. It is most kind of you to listen to me. God help us all. It will be beautiful if the bill gets defeated on principle. Yay! Mahalo. Your friend Mary Maxwell, PhD, 175 Loudon Rd, apt 6, Concord NH 03301 1 From: Michelle Melendez Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 1:35 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Testimony Opposing General Plan 2045 and Submission of Affidavit for the Public Record Attachments: AFFIDAVIT GP 2045 June 2026.pdf Aloha Chair,Vice Chair, and Council Members, I respectfully submit this testimony in opposition to Hawaii County General Plan 2045 and request that the attached Affidavit be included in the public record. After reviewing GP 2045 and participating in the General Plan process for nearly 2-years, I remain deeply concerned that this document does not accurately reflect the informed will of the people of Hawaii Island. Among my concerns are: • Numerous errors and omissions within the General Plan maps. • Land-use designation changes that many affected property owners neither requested nor support. • Potential impacts on private property rights and future land-use opportunities. • The repeated reliance on unelected stakeholders, outside organizations, and partnership frameworks that may diminish local control and accountability. • Sustainability and climate-related policies that could be used to justify future restrictions on land use, development, housing,transportation, energy, and private property rights. • Long-range climate assumptions and projections that may be subject to significant revision over time. • The failure tq adequately address substantial public opposition expressed throughout the planning process. Many residents dedicated significant time and effort to participating in this process because they care deeply aboutthe future of Hawaii Island.Yet many of the concerns raised repeatedly by residents remain unresolved. A General Plan should be accurate,transparent, locally driven, and reflective of the wishes of the people who will live under it.A plan containing significant mapping errors, disputed land-use designation changes, and widespread public concerns should not be implemented until those issues have been fully addressed. Additionally, on May 19, 2026, reports indicated that the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)was moving away from its most extreme warming scenario (RCP 8.5), concluding that the scenario had become increasingly implausible.According to those reports, even the UN's climate experts acknowledged that assumptions underlying previously relied-upon worst-case projections no longer align with current trends. (Click here) i This raises an important question: If climate projections can change significantly over time, should they be used as the basis for policies that may permanently affect land use, housing,transportation, energy choices, infrastructure investments, and private property rights? Decisions with long-lasting consequences for Hawaii Island should be based on reliable,transparent, and verifiable information— not assumptions that may later be substantially revised. For these reasons, I respectfully urge continued opposition to GP 2045 and request that the attached Affidavit be entered into the public record as supporting documentation. Mahalo for your time and consideration. Respectfully, Michelle Melendez Captian Cook Hawaii Island Resident • • AFFIDAVIT I submit this affidavit as a resident of Hawaii Island regarding the adoption and implementation of the Hawaii County General Plan 2045. The General Plan is intended to guide land use, infrastructure, housing, transportation, environmental policy, economic development, and future county decision-making for decades to come. Because of its broad scope and long-term impact, it deserves the highest level of scrutiny and transparency. 1. Local Control and Community Intent Concerns A General Plan should reflect the informed wishes, priorities, and concerns of the residents who will live under it. Instead, many property owners only learned of significant land-use designation changes after receiving notices from the County, and many immediately objected. This raises serious concerns about whether the final document reflects the intent of local residents or the influence of outside planning interests and stakeholders. If the people of Hawaii Island did not have meaningful participation in shaping the final document, then it is reasonable to question how GP 2045 can truly be called a plan written for the people of Hawaii Island. The amount of money spent on the planning process does not determine the legitimacy of the final product. What matters is whether the people most affected by the plan were adequately informed, meaningfully heard, and accurately represented in the outcome. When a plan has the potential to substantially alter land-use designations, affect property rights, influence future development, and reshape communities for generations, public participation must be more than procedural—it must be meaningful. If the final document does not accurately reflect the will of the people and contains numerous errors and omissions that could negatively affect property owners, then it should not be implemented until those concerns have been fully addressed, corrected, and subjected to further public review. 2. PROPERTY RIGHTS AND MAPPING CONCERNS The concerns surrounding GP 2045 become even more significant when examining its impact on private property owners. If many residents objected to the land-use changes affecting their properties once they became aware of them, it raises a fundamental question about whether the final document truly reflects the will of the people it is intended to serve. The right to acquire, own, use, improve, and enjoy private property is a foundational right protected by both the United States Constitution and the Hawaii Constitution. Numerous landowners received notices indicating changes to land-use designations affecting , their properties. Many of those affected questioned why such changes were proposed in the first place and whether they accurately reflected community input. At the same time, Council Member James Hustace reportedly identified multiple errors and omissions within the General Plan maps in just one district. If significant errors and omissions exist in one district, there is reasonable cause to question the accuracy of maps throughout the County. This is not a minor issue. Land-use maps serve as the foundation upon which future planning, permitting, development decisions, infrastructure investments, and policy implementation may be based. If the maps are inaccurate, property owners may be subjected to decisions that were never intended, never requested, and never supported by the affected communities. Inaccurate land-use designations can create uncertainty regarding: • Property values • Future development rights • Financing and lending decisions • Permitting processes • Land-use restrictions • Future zoning interpretations • Long-term investment and planning expectations Property owners should not bear the burden of errors contained within County planning documents. Before GP 2045 is relied upon as a governing framework for future decisions, the public deserves assurance that all maps, designations, and classifications have been independently reviewed, corrected, and verified for accuracy. • Failure to fully correct these errors and omissions before implementation risks creating unintended consequences for landowners, reducing public trust, and exposing residents to decisions based on inaccurate information. A plan that contains significant mapping errors and proposes land-use changes that many affected property owners neither requested nor support should not be implemented until those issues are fully addressed and subjected to meaningful public review. The people of Hawaii Island deserve a planning document that is accurate, transparent, respectful of constitutionally protected property rights, and genuinely reflective of the communities it claims to represent. 3. CONSTITUTIONAL CONCERNS The United States Constitution exists to protect individual liberty and private property from excessive governmental control. While GP 2045 does not directly remove ownership rights, policies adopted today may later be used to justify regulations, restrictions, conditions, or interpretations that affect how residents may use their land. Because constitutional rights belong to the people and not to government, any plan that expands governmental discretion while reducing certainty for property owners should be approached with caution. Government planning should remain advisory and accountable to elected representatives rather than evolving into a framework that effectively governs future land-use decisions without direct voter approval. 4. STAKEHOLDER GOVERNANCE CONCERNS Throughout GP 2045 appears repeated language encouraging the County to: "Partner with government, private and nonprofit agencies, communities, and other stakeholders..." This language appears repeatedly throughout the plan and represents a significant departure from previous General Plans. The repeated emphasis on partnerships with outside entities creates concern that future land-use, housing, environmental, transportation, and development decisions could be increasingly influenced by organizations that are not accountable to Hawai`i Island voters. The term "stakeholder" is broad and may include organizations, consultants, non-governmental organizations, foundations, corporations, advocacy groups, and entities that are not elected by Hawaii Island residents. This raises a simple question: If local residents elect County officials to represent them, why should unelected stakeholders • have an expanded role in shaping policies that affect local land, housing, transportation, and development decisions? The more authority that shifts toward stakeholder-driven governance, the less direct accountability exists to the people most affected by those decisions. The people of Hawaii Island should remain the primary stakeholders in decisions affecting their land, communities, economy, and future. 5. OUTSIDE INFLUENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORKS GP 2045 repeatedly incorporates concepts including: • Sustainability • Climate Resilience • Climate Mitigation • Climate Adaptation • Regenerative Development • Equity-Based Planning • Integrated Systems • Smart Growth Residents have repeatedly informed County officials that the United States government and several states, including Tennessee, Florida, Arizona, and West Virginia, have taken steps to remove themselves from implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In explaining the U.S. position, the U.S. Counselor for Economic and Social Affairs stated that the SDGs constitute "soft global governance" that undermines U.S. sovereignty. That concern is precisely what many Hawaii Island residents have`raised regarding GP 2045. Residents have repeatedly asked why Hawaii County is embedding so many sustainability-based planning frameworks into GP 2045 when the federal government and multiple states have expressed concerns regarding their impact on local self-governance and accountability. Sustainability, climate resilience, regenerative development, equity frameworks, and related sustainability goals are woven throughout GP 2045 and form a substantial portion of the document's guiding principles and policies. While these concepts may appear beneficial on the surface, residents are concerned that they can be used to justify increased regulation, expanded governmental authority, restrictions on private property, and long-term planning decisions that shift control away from local communities. The fundamental question is this: If the United States and multiple states have expressed concerns about sustainability frameworks evolving into forms of"soft governance,"why is Hawaii County embedding so many of those same concepts into a document intended to guide the Island's future for decades to come? 6. CLIMATE ASSUMPTIONS, WEATHER MODIFICATION, AND . TRANSPARENCY CONCERNS GP 2045 places significant emphasis on climate projections, climate adaptation, resilience planning, hazard mapping, greenhouse gas reduction, and future environmental conditions. Yet many residents remain concerned about the assumptions underlying these policies and whether they have been fully disclosed and scrutinized. On May 19th, 2026, The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change seems ready to drop its most extreme scenario because global efforts to slow climate change make the worst-case scenario "implausible."The United Nations TOP Climate Committee just admitted that its own projections (RCP8.5)were wrong! (From United Press International) This development raises an important concern. If climate projections and assumptions can change significantly over time, how much weight should be placed on long-range climate forecasts when they are used to justify policies that may affect land use, property rights, infrastructure investments, housing, transportation, energy policy, and future regulatory decisions? Because GP 2045 relies heavily on future climate assumptions to support many of its policies and recommendations, residents have a right to ask: • • What climate assumptions are being used? • What data sources are being relied upon? • Have all factors that may influence weather and climate been considered? • What level of uncertainty exists within the projections being used? • How often will these assumptions be reviewed and updated as new information becomes available? Land-use decisions, property rights, infrastructure investments, housing, transportation, energy policy, and future regulations should not be based on assumptions and projections that may later be significantly revised or proven inaccurate. Policies with long-lasting consequences for residents and future generations should be grounded in reliable, transparent, and verifiable information. Decisions that could permanently shape Hawaii Island should not be driven by proiections that may change substantially over time. 7. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION CONCERNS Many residents dedicated significant time and effort to participating in the General Plan process. Throughout the public hearings, residents repeatedly raised concerns regarding: • Property rights • Map inaccuracies and omissions • Stakeholder governance • Sustainability policies • Climate provisions • Land-use designations • Implementation language A planning process earns public trust when concerns raised by the public are respectfully considered and visibly addressed. Testifiers were unfairly characterized or discredited based on past activism unrelated to the General Plan itself. Council Member Rebecca Villegas publicly referred to opponents as "conspiracy theorists" and cited their participation in protests during the COVID era as a reason to question their credibility. However, peaceful protest is a constitutionally protected right, and participation in lawful civic activity should not be used to diminish a resident's voice in public proceedings years later. Public testimony should be evaluated on its facts, evidence, and merits—not on labels, assumptions, personal beliefs, or a citizen's prior exercise of constitutional rights. When residents feel they are being dismissed, ridiculed, or judged based on factors unrelated to the substance of their testimony, public confidence in the process is undermined. When substantial public opposition exists:elected officials have a responsibility to explain why concerns were accepted, rejected, or modified. Public participation must be meaningful, respectful, and more than merely procedural if it is to serve its intended purpose in representative government. 8. NOTICE TO COUNCIL AND REQUEST FOR ACTION Based upon the concerns outlined herein, I respectfully urge the Hawaii County Council to oppose, repeal, suspend, or otherwise halt implementation of GP 2045 until the following . issues have been fully resolved: • Correct the numerous errors and omissions within the General Plan maps and independently verify all land-use designations before implementation. • Rescind the land-use designation changes that many affected property owners neither requested nor support until meaningful public review has occurred and all mapping errors and omissions have been corrected. • Remove or substantially revise provisions that rely on unelected stakeholders, outside organizations, and partnership frameworks that may shift decision-making authority away from Hawai'i Island residents and elected representatives and toward entities that are not directly accountable to local voters. • Remove or substantially revise sustainability, climate, and regulatory policies that may be used to expand governmental control over land use, development, housing, transportation, energy, and private property rights beyond what residents intended or approved. • Remove the use of long-range climate projections as a basis for restrictive policies, as even the United Nations climate experts have recently revised and moved away from previously relied-upon worst-case scenarios, demonstrating that such assumptions can change significantly over time. • Respectfully address substantial public opposition expressed throughout the General Plan process. A General Plan should reflect the informed wishes, priorities, and values of the people who will live under it. GP 2045 does not appear to meet that standard. Many residents only became aware of significant land-use changes after receiving notices affecting their properties, and many immediately objected. Combined with the acknowledged map errors and omissions, this raises serious questions about whether the final document accurately reflects the will of the people of Hawaii Island. No amount of time, money, or effort invested in creating a plan can justify implementing a document that contains significant errors, unresolved public concerns, and policies that many affected residents do not support. . Until these concerns are fully addressed, all mapping errors and omissions are corrected, affected property owners are given meaningful review, and the final document demonstrably reflects the informed will of the people of Hawaii Island, GP 2045 should not be implemented. The people of Hawaii Island deserve a General Plan that is accurate, transparent, locally driven, respectful of constitutional rights, protective of private property, and reflective of the communities it is intended to serve. 9. DECLARATION I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing statements are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief. . From: Rebecca Melendez Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 3:01 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: LAWS 2045 GENERAL PLAN IS VIOLATING **May 31, 2025** **TO:** Hawaii County Council **RE: FORMAL OBJECTION AND NOTICE OF UNLAWFUL VIOLATIONS—COUNTY OF HAWAII GENERAL PLAN 2045(FINAL RECOMMENDED DRAFT,JULY 2024)** Dear Members of the Hawaii County Council: **I. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF THIS LETTER** The people of Hawaii Island are standing up.This letter is submitted as a formal public objection to the County of Hawaii General Plan 2045 ("General Plan" or"the Plan"), Final Recommended Draft,July 2024. I write to place the Hawaii County Council on clear and unambiguous notice: if this Council adopts an unlawful General Plan, it will be held personally and institutionally accountable.That accountability will be pursued through every available legal, administrative, and public avenue. Our community is no longer willing to accept government action that disregards the law. Citizens across Hawaii Island are organizing, documenting violations, and preparing to act.This letter places on the record the specific legal violations identified throughout the General Plan 2045,the statutes and constitutional provisions they offend, and the pages of the General Plan where those violations appear. This Council should be aware that the Hawaii County Planning Department and its Director,Jeff Darrow, are currently being held accountable in a separate legal proceeding.The Planning Department and Planning Director are named in ari active lawsuit alleging an Unlawful Final Environmental Impact Statement(FEIS) in connection with the proposed development of Keauhou Bay—a matter of profound cultural, environmental, and legal significance to the people of this island.The first court date in that case is**June 15, 2025**.The public is encouraged to download and review the full court filing at: **www.bigislandsupport.com/savekbay**.That case is a direct demonstration that the community will not stand by while public officials act without legal authority. The General Plan 2045 is the highest-order planning document for Hawaii County.As stated in the Plan itself(Page 28), it is the policy foundation upon which all zoning, subdivision, and public improvement i , decisions must rest. Its unlawful provisions therefore carry cascading legal consequences for every decision made beneath it.Adoption of a General Plan that contains the violations identified herein would render those subsequent decisions legally vulnerable and expose the County,the Planning Commission, and individual Council members to legal challenge and personal liability. The violations identified in this letter span multiple areas of law, including:the Hawaii State Planning Act (HRS Chapter 226);the Coastal Zone Management Act(HRS Chapter 205A);the Environmental Impact Statement Law(HRS Chapter 343);the State Water Code(HRS Chapter 174C);the Historic Preservation Act(HRS Chapter 6E); Native Hawaiian rights protections; and the Hawaii County Charter, Section 3-15. Each is set forth in detail below. **II. IDENTIFIED VIOLATIONS** **VIOLATION 1 —Failure to Comply with the Hawaii State Planning Act(HRS§ 226-52, §226-58)** *General Plan Pages: 28-29, 33-36* *Law Violated: HRS§ 226-52 and § 226-58 (Hawai'i State Planning Act)* HRS§226-52 requires county general plans to be consistent with the overall themes, goals, policies, and guidelines of the Hawaii State Planning Act, including its objectives for land use, economic development, housing,transportation, and conservation. HRS§226-58 requires county plans to address state priority guidelines and demonstrate explicit coordination with state agencies. While Pages 28-29 of the General Plan acknowledge HRS§ 226-52 and 58 as the statutory authority for the Plan,the document repeatedly fails to demonstrate how its policies are consistent with state planning objectives. Critically,the Plan lacks a mandatory consistency analysis with the State Functional Plans required under HRS§226-58.The Plan's own admission at Page 28—that"Neither the HRS nor the County Charter clearly define all the terms above"—reveals that it is operating in a statutory grey zone it has not resolved.This is a direct violation of the obligation to conform to State Planning Act requirements. Furthermore, HRS§ 226-4 establishes statewide planning goals. Page 35 of the General Plan purports to align with these goals,yet the Plan fails to establish measurable benchmarks or enforceable consistency standards as required under state law. Goals without enforceable standards do not constitute legal compliance. **VIOLATION 2—Failure to Protect Important Agricultural Lands (IAL) as Required by HRS§205-41 through 205-52** *General Plan Pages: 83-84, 100-102, 527-556(Land Use Designations and Agriculture)* *Law Violated: HRS§205-41 through §205-52 (Important Agricultural Lands designation and p'rotection); HRS§226-12(State planning goals for agriculture and food security)* 2 The State of Hawaii has established a specific statutory framework to identify and permanently protect Important Agricultural Lands (IAL). HRS§ 205-41 through 52 require county general plans to affirmatively identify, map, and protect IAL from conversion to non-agricultural uses.The General Plan's Land Use Designations at Pages 83-84 reference IAL but fail to establish binding, enforceable policies that prevent IAL conversion. Page 100 acknowledges that productive agricultural lands are being lost to non-agricultural residential uses,yet the Plan's policies remain aspirational rather than protective.The designation description at Page 527 provides that IAL lands have densities of only"1 unit per 5 acres,"which on its face still permits residential development on the most critical agricultural lands in the State.This is in direct conflict with the legislative intent of HRS§ 205-41,which established IAL to permanently protect Hewai'i's most productive farmland from any conversion. The Plan further fails to include the required demonstration of how the County's land use designations conform to and protect state-designated IAL, as mandated by state law.This is a facial violation of HRS Chapter 205. **VIOLATION 3—Failure to Protect Native Hawaiian Customary and Traditional Rights(HRS§ 1-1;Article XII, §7, Hawaii Constitution)** *General Plan Pages: 38-56 (Biocultural Stewardship), 79-83, 351 (Policy 10.b)* *Law Violated:Article XII, § 7, Hawaii State Constitution; HRS§ 1-1; HRS§7-1 (traditional and customary • rights); Pete Defense Fund v. Paty, 73 Haw. 578 (1992)* Article XII, §7 of the Hawaii State Constitution mandates that the State and its counties shall protect all rights, customarily and traditionally exercised for subsistence, cultural, and religious purposes by Native Hawaiians.This constitutional mandate is not optional.The General Plan's Biocultural Stewardship chapter(Pages 38-56) acknowledges the importance of traditional and customary practices but fails to establish enforceable protections that meet constitutional standards. Page 351, Policy 10.b instructs the County to "amend the Zoning Code and Subdivision Code to allow CPDs to be applied to all zoning districts" and include"criteria to help identify and protect Native Hawaiian customary and traditional practices."The use of the phrase "help identify" is legally insufficient.The Constitution does not permit the County to merely"help identify"traditional rights—it requires affirmative protection.A policy to study or identify rights at a future date,without enforceable interim protections, is a constitutional violation. Additionally,the Plan's Biocultural Stewardship Challenges table at Pages 38-40 acknowledges that "identification of cultural and historic resources rarely occurs unless triggered by a development permitting application, making it difficult to plan comprehensively."This admission confirms that the Plan is structurally inadequate to protect Native Hawaiian rights—it waits for development to trigger review rather than proactively mapping and protecting those rights as required by law. 3 **VIOLATION 4—Failure to Require Environmental Review Under HRS Chapter 343 (Hawai`i Environmental Impact Statement Law)** *General Plan Pages: 28-29, 214-222 (Implementation);Throughout Land Use and Growth Policies* *Law Violated: HRS§343-5 (Environmental Impact Statement requirements); HAR§ 11-200.1 (OEQC Rules)* HRS§ 343-5 requires the preparation of an Environmental Assessment(EA) or Environmental Impact Statement(EIS)for any action that may have a significant effect on the environment, including county plans that direct land use change, growth, and infrastructure development.The General Plan 2045 constitutes a "proposal for county general plan amendments" under HRS§ 343-5(b) and triggers environmental review. The Plan designates new Urban Growth Areas (UGAs), Urban Expansion zones, and growth corridors across Hawaii Island (Pages 83-84,482).These designations will have significant and foreseeable environmental consequences including increased impervious surface, loss of agricultural and natural lands, increased traffic, and additional wastewater generation.Yet nowhere in the 306-page General Plan 2045 is there a discussion of environmental review compliance, an Environmental Assessment, or an Environmental Impact Statement as required by state law. This is precisely the type of unlawful conduct currently being challenged in the Keauhou Bay FEIS litigation referenced above, and it is the same pattern of environmental law avoidance present in the General Plan 2045. No government document that directs significant land use change in Hawaii is exempt from HRS Chapter 343. **VIOLATION 5—Failure to Comply with the Coastal Zone Management Act(HRS§205A)** *General Plan Pages: 83, 333-334, 388, 410, 417 (Shoreline and Coastal Policies)* *Law Violated: HRS§ 205A-2 (Coastal Zone Management objectives); HRS§ 205A-26 (Special Management Area requirements)* HRS Chapter 205A establishes the Coastal Zone Management(CZM) Program and mandates that county plans within the coastal zone comply with CZM objectives, including the protection of coastal ecosystems, public shoreline access, scenic and open space resources, and the prevention of coastal hazards.The General Plan 2045 acknowledges the CZM program (Pages 83, 333) but fails to establish enforceable policies consistent with CZM requirements. Page 410, Policy 12.c instructs the County to "amend the Zoning Code to establish building setbacks for coastal and inland cliffs"—a policy that is future-oriented and non-binding within the General Plan itself. Page 417, Policy 12.g calls for amending the zoning code to include"a science-based shoreline setback." Again,this is a deferred action, not an enforceable protection. Under HRS§ 205A, coastal protections must be implemented now, not promised for future zoning amendments. Further,the Plan acknowledges at Pages 38-40 that"coastal residential neighborhoods without centralized wastewater are contaminating nearshore waters" and that cesspools pose ongoing threats to . 4 coastal water quality.The Plan's failure to establish enforceable remediation timelines consistent with state law constitutes a violation of HRS§ 205A-2's mandate to protect coastal water quality. **VIOLATION 6—Failure to Protect the Public Trust and Water Resources Under HRS Chapter 174C (State Water Code)** *General Plan Pages: 38-41 (Watershed Challenges), 131-144(Drinking Water and Water Conservation)* *Law Violated: HRS§ 174C-2 (public trust in water resources); In re Water Use Permit Applications (Waiahole Ditch), 94 Haw. 97 (2000); Hawaii Constitution,Article XI, § 1 and 7* The State Water Code (HRS Chapter 174C) declares all water resources of the State to be held in trust by the State for the benefit of its people and requires that any use of water resources protect and maintain the public trust.The Hawaii Supreme Court in the Waiahole Ditch case held that the public trust doctrine imposes affirmative duties on state and county governments to actively protect water resources. The General Plan's Biocultural Stewardship chapter acknowledges at Pages 38-41 that: (1) sea level rise is contaminating freshwater resources through saltwater infiltration; (2)there is a "lack of water quality monitoring on the island"; (3) "green infrastructure planning has not been institutionalized"; and (4) • injection wells and cesspools are polluting coastal and groundwater resources.These are not minor planning concerns—they are admissions of ongoing failures to protect the public trust in water. Yet the General Plan's policies in the water and utilities sections(Pages 131-144) do not establish binding, enforceable standards to remediate these admitted failures. Policies that"encourage," "promote," Or"advocate"for water protection do not satisfy the State's affirmative public trust obligations.The Plan's own admission that these violations exist, combined with its failure to remedy them through enforceable policy, constitutes a violation of HRS Chapter 174C and the Hawaii State Constitution. **VIOLATION 7—Failure to Protect Historic and Cultural Properties Under HRS Chapter 6E** *General Plan Pages: 38-41 (Cultural& Historic Assets Challenges), 83, 100* *Law Violated: HRS§ 6E-1 et seq. (Historic Preservation); HAR§ 13-275 (historic review); HRS§ 6E-42 (historic review triggers)* HRS Chapter 6E requires the identification, documentation, and affirmative protection of historic properties and cultural resources significant to Hawai`i's history and the living culture of its people.The General Plan 2045 acknowledges at Pages 38-41 that"identification of cultural and historic resources rarely occurs unless triggered by a development permitting application, making it difficult to plan comprehensively." This admission is a direct acknowledgment that the County is not complying with HRS Chapter 6E's proactive identification and protection requirements.A reactive approach—waiting for development permits to trigger review—allows historic properties and cultural sites to be destroyed before they can 5 be protected.The Plan further acknowledges a "lack of cultural understanding and `aina-based identity (e.g., place names) across the general population"—yet establishes no mandatory cultural inventory or training program to remedy this deficiency. The General Plan's growth designations—particularly Urban Expansion areas(Page 482)—will disturb previously undisturbed land across the island.Without a comprehensive cultural and historic resource inventory as a precondition to growth,the County cannot demonstrate compliance with HRS Chapter 6E and the National Historic Preservation Act(Section 106). **VIOLATION 8—Inadequate Affordable Housing Mandate in Violation of HRS§226-19 and the County's Own Charter** *General Plan Pages: 178-185 (Housing for All); 361 (Policy 11.2); Implementation Table* *Law Violated: HRS§ 226-19(State Planning Act housing objectives); HRS§ 201 H (Affordable Housing); Hawaii County Charter, § 3-15* HRS§ 226-19 requires county general plans to affirmatively address housing needs, including affordable and workforce housing,with policies that are achievable and enforceable.The General Plan 2045 (Pages 178-185) acknowledges that approximately 43% of housing units are unaffordable,that there is a current shortfall of 5,534 housing units, and that the County needs approximately 900 new housing units per year through 2045. Yet despite this acknowledged crisis, Policy 11.2 at Page 361 states only that the County shall"ensure affordable housing requirements that meet the demand created by the development."This is a circular policy—it requires affordable housing only when triggered by new development, rather than proactively addressing the existing 5,534-unit shortfall.This approach fails to meet the mandate of HRS§226-19, which requires a proactive, supply-oriented housing plan. Furthermore,the Plan acknowledges that"building code requirements affect construction costs" and "permit requirements do not encourage the private housing market to invest in low-and middle-income housing options,"yet fails to establish binding requirements to correct these barriers within a stated timeframe. Plans that identify the problem but provide no binding remedy do not satisfy state law. **VIOLATION 9—Failure to Address Cesspool Contamination,in Violation of State Law and CZM Requirements** *General Plan Pages: 38-41 (Watershed Challenges); 131-144; Pages 1185-1214(Public Utilities: Wastewater)* *Law Violated:Act 125 (2017), Hawaii Session Laws(Cesspool Conversion); HRS§ 342D(Water Pollution Law); HRS§205A(CZM coastal water quality)* State law(Act 125, SLH 2017, codified under HRS§ 342D) establishes a mandatory timeline for the conversion of cesspools in Hawaii, given their documented harm to groundwater, coastal water quality, and public health.The General Plan 2045 acknowledges at Pages 38-41 that cesspools and injection 6 wells are contaminating the island's coastal and nearshore waters, and at Pages 1207 and 1214 that "coastal residential neighborhoods without centralized wastewater are contaminating nearshore waters" and that."the looming deadline to convert cesspools" poses significant challenges. Despite this knowledge, the General Plan fails to establish a binding, county-wide cesspool conversion plan with enforceable timelines and funding mechanisms consistent with Act 125.The Plan's response is to "advocate for expanding cesspool conversion tax credit" (Page 1284)—advocacy is not compliance'. The County has an affirmative duty under both HRS§ 342D and the CZM Act to actively eliminate cesspool contamination, not merely advocate for tax incentives. **VIOLATION 10—Inadequate Public Participation Process in Violation of HRS§ 226-52 and County Charter§3-15** *General Plan Pages: 29-32 (Planning Process); 270-271 (Public Engagement)* *Law Violated: HRS§226-52 (public participation in county planning); Hawaii County Charter§ 3-15; HRS§92-3 (public notice requirements)* HRS§ 226-52 requires meaningful public participation in the development of county general plans, including adequate notice, accessible hearings, and genuine incorporation of community input The General Plan review process began on February 6, 2015, and spans nearly a decade—during which time community demographics, priorities, and circumstances have fundamentally changed due to lava flows (2018),the COVID-19 pandemic, and major economic shifts. Page 270 of the General Plan includes a notation acknowledging that public engagement efforts extended "beyond legal notice requirements"—yet this is directly contradicted by widespread community testimony that rural communities, Native Hawaiian communities, and low-income communities were not meaningfully engaged in the process.A planning process that fails to .meaningfully reach indigenous and rural communities does not satisfy the spirit or the letter of HRS§ 226-52. The County Charter at§ 3-15 requires the General Plan to reflect community-wide input and values.A plan that acknowledges at Page 35 that it synthesized values "from the 2005 General Plan and various CDPs"—some of which are over 16 years old—does not constitute a genuine reflection of current community values as required by the Charter and state law. **III. CONCLUSION AND DEMAND FOR REJECTION** **The General Plan 2045 must be rejected.** The violations identified above are not minor procedural defects.They represent systemic failures to comply with Hawaii State law,the Hawaii State Constitution, and the County Charter.They affect the most fundamental obligations of county government:to protect the environment,to honor and uphold Native Hawaiian rights,to safeguard water resources held in public trust, to ensure meaningful participation by the community in decisions that shape their lives, and to provide affordable housing for the people of this island. Adopting a General Plan that contains these violations would mean this Council is knowingly adopting an unlawful document.That choice will not go unchallenged.The people of Hawaii Island are watching, organizing, and prepared to act through every legal channel available—including litigation, administrative appeals, and public accountability campaigns. As a reminder:the Hawaii County Planning Department and its Director are already named in active litigation alleging unlawful conduct in connection with the Keauhou Bay FEIS.The first court date is **June 15, 2025**.The full court filing is available to the public at **www.bigislandsupport.com/savekbay**.That case is a harbinger of what awaits a County that continues to act without lawful authority. • We demand that this Council: 1. **REJECT**the General Plan 2045 in its current form; 2. Direct the Planning Department to remedy each of the violations identified above before any further action is taken on the General Plan; 3. Require a full legal review by the Corporation Counsel and by independent legal counsel with expertise in Hawaii land use, environmental, and Native Hawaiian rights law; 4. Conduct new, accessible, and meaningful community engagement,with specific outreach to Native Hawaiian communities, rural communities, and underserved populations; and 5. Prepare, or require the preparation of, a full Environmental Assessment or Environmental Impact Statement for the General Plan 2045 as required by HRS Chapter 343. Failure to act will not be forgotten.The people of Hawai`i,Island are standing up—and they are not going away. Respectfully and urgently submitted, Rebecca Melendez *Information from: County of Hawaii General Plan 2045 (pages cited above); Court Filing—Keauhou Bay FEIS Lawsuit(www.bigislandsupport.com/savekbay); HRS Chapters 226, 343, 205A, 205, 174C, 6E; Hawaii State Constitution,Article XI § 1 &7,Article XII §7; Hawaii County Charter§ 3-15* 8 • From: LesMs2001 Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:52 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Oppose GP 2045 Dear Council Members, We are writing to respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045 and generally support and agree with the statements below. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections. These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process. A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate, transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. We also oppose any plans that would affect OUR rights to use OUR land that WE purchased, OUR WATER, and anything that forces us to have to comply with overreach by the government. For these reasons, we respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, James & Leslie Miles Keaau, HI 1. From: Johnny Miller Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 10:15 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING Do not let this bill pass! , I. • From: bruce mirken Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 1:48 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Supporting Bill 66 - General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Aloha Chair and members of the County Council My name is Bruce Mirken and I am a resident of Hilo. I write today to strongly urge the Council to adopt General Plan 2045 Draft 2,with all of its accountability structures and targets intact. Please reject amendments that remove quantitative benchmarks, the energy and resilience framework, or the biocultural stewardship provisions. Their removal would render the plan an empty shell of little value to our residents. Despite what a few misinformed souls may claim, climate change is real and a transition to clean energy is critical to our island's future. Specific targets for things like transit improvements, energy diversification and progress toward fleet electrification are essential if we are to meet this challenge. Our island's rural and low-income communities suffer the most from high energy costs.The plan's equity provisions direct investments into these communities that need them desperately. These commitments and a steady transition to locally- generated clean energy will benefit our most underserved communities as well as the rest of us.The specific benchmarks in General Plan 2045 Draft 2 will help ensure that progress continues and accelerates, while the resilience provisions will help us prepare for the inevitable emergencies. Please do not settle for a watered-down version of this vital document! Mahalo for your time and attention. Bruce Mirken Hilo, Hawaii sftroubl@att.net 1 SIERRA CLUB HAWAII ISLAND GROUP June 2, 2026 Hawai'i County Council 25 Aupuni Street Hilo HI 96720 74-677 Kealakehe Parkway, Bldg A Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Re: Support for Bill 66, Draft 2 (draft General Plan 2045) Aloha Chair Inaba and council members, As a result of local and global crises and "politics", the County of Hawai'i and the general public have for the past 11 years expended thousands of hours of public and private interest inputs and comments and nearly $2 million in county taxpayer funds during the current General Plan Comprehensive Review process. Since 2019,three separate gut-and-replace drafts have been released. None of the drafts or their presentations were easily comparable for the general public. There has been a great deal of confusion. This county council has made good faith efforts to move forward and improve the draft General Plan 2045 since it was first introduced as Bill 66 in July 2025. It has made good faith efforts to consider public comments and recommendations. However, these efforts have been and are being frustrated by the following: 1) any "substantial" amendment(s)would result in Bill 66 being referred back to the county's two Planning Commissions, and 2) discussion and decision-making were deferred from October 2025 until March of this year. Given there are only six months remaining in the terms of the current county council members, there is a great risk that this council would not have the opportunity to vote on Bill 66 again were substantial amendments to be made at this time. Therefore, HIG supports Bill 66, Draft 2 being passed at second reading in the hope that this legislation will be signed by the mayor,thereby ending the General Plan Comprehensive Review process outlined in Section 16.1 of the current General Plan. This will allow members of this council to submit and introduce interim amendments to GP2045 in order for this council to further improve what will have become the new General Plan. P 0 Box 1137 Hilo, HI 96721-1137 I hawaiiislandsierraclub@gmail.com sierraclubhig.org Examples of subsequent interim amendments HIG would support are the following Communications that have been submitted to the Chair: • COM 372.197 from council member Galimba, dated April 6, 2026 • COM 372.198 from council member Kimball, dated April 6, 2026 • COM 372.199 from council member Kimball, dated April 2, 2026 (with the exception of the language referencing "data centers") • COM 372.200 from council member Kimball, dated April 7, 2026 • COM 372.204 from council member Hustace, dated May 4, 2026 • Use of draft 2040 as'a source document for amendments, including recommended amendments from the Hawai'i Island Na Ala Hele Advisory Council, county Game Management Commission, as well as a source for enhanced planning incorporating kanaka maoli rights and the public trust. HIG would like to acknowledge that this has been a long, confusing process in which the way forward has not been clear. One of the greatest ritual cultural practices of kanaka maoli 'ohana is that of ho'oponopono,the process of reconciliation and true forgiveness. Let us reconcile and forgive so that all can move forward with this important work for the betterment of all. Mahalo for this opportunity to testify. 2 From: cellina monge Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 2:14 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITIIN TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING. I strongly oppose the general plan 2045 and Bill 66. This is not a plan for the people. The hundreds of pages are heavily scrutinized.There have been many better attempts that would have been better options that were denied and overlooked. Bill 66 is not for the people and citizens of this county. It is not in their best interest. This bill is heavily opposed yet the voices of the citizens of this county are being ignored. Bill 66 must be thrown out.. Celina Monge cmilikea@hotmail.com 808-333-6204 • • From: Tina Montejano Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 10:33 AM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer;Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt;Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Cc: Mayor's Office Executive Subject: Opposing General Plan 2045 To whom it may concern, It's been around two years now that residents have voiced concerns about GP2045.This includes impacts on property rights, land use, agriculture, map accuracy, and the influence of outside stakeholders. I have come to find that many feel these concerns have not been adequately addressed. I perceive there to be many errors and omissions in the General Plan.The maps are particularly concerning, as these maps will guide future land-use decisions. Inaccuracies can create confusion, affect property owners, and lead to costly outcomes! I found that many people also believe GP2045 does NOT reflect the public testimony provided throughout this process! A plan intendedto guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate,transparent, and responsive to community input. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local agriculture, preserves local control, and values meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Much Aloha, Tina Montejano 1 , From: Lark Morin Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 3:28 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Support for Bill 66 -General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Aloha Chair and Members of the Hawai'i County Council, My name is LarkJ. Morin Canico. I live in Kea'au. I'm writing to askthe Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 Draft 2 with its targets and accountability structures intact, and to reject amendments that remove quantitative benchmarks,the energy and resilience framework, or the biocultural stewardship provisions. 1. I care about this because Hawai'i Island's dependence on imported fossil fuels keeps my electricity and gas spending high.A General Plan without energy self-sufficiency targets won't change that. 2. I care about this because the 2045 General Plan includes commitments to resilience and hazard preparedness. Removing them leaves the County without measurable goals for protecting communities from the next disaster. • 3. I care about this because I support Hawai'i's transition to locally generated clean energy, including geothermal, solar, and wind. State law requires county plans to work toward eliminating dependence on imported fuel. The 2045 General Plan includes targets that align with the mandate. Removing them puts the County out of step with state law. 4. I care about this because low-income and rural communities on Hawai'i Island pay the highest energy costs and have the least access to infrastructure.The 2045 General Plan's equity provisions direct County investments to the communities that need them most. Stripping those provisions removes the accountability for equitable outcomes. 5. I care about this because I support clean transportation/clean, affordable energy.The 2045 General Plan includes fleet electrification targets,transit improvements, and energy diversification commitments that directly affect us. Mahalo, LarkJ. Morin Canico, MAOM, SPEC-ORG-LDRSP,SC-FLST Lecturer, Division of Humanities Faculty Advisor, HOSA-Future Health Professionals University of Hawaii at Hilo Health Education Specialist Office of the Associate Vice President for Student Affairs University of Hawaii System P: (808)932-7139 I UH System P: (808)932-7113 I UH Hilo E: ljcanico(@hawaii.edu 1 From: Noel Morin Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 7:38 AM To: Council Testimony Cc: Noel Morin Subject: Testimony in SUPPORT of Bill 66 (General Plan 2045 Draft 2) Aloha Chair Inaba, Vice Chair Onishi, and Members of the Hawai'i County Council, My name is Noel Morin. I've been a resident of Hilo since 2004. I serve on several local nonprofits focused on clean energy, sustainable transportation,workforce development, and community resilience. I support General Plan 2045 Draft 2 and ask that the Council adopt it, including its targets and accountability structures, and that it reject any amendments that remove measurable targets, eliminate standalone chapters, or restructure the document in ways that weaken its effectiveness. Hawai'i's dependence on imported fuels contributes to supply chain risks and price shocks that create economic hardships. Per DBEDT, Hawaii Island spent close to$1 billion on fossil fuels in 2024. HECO recently announced that customers might see 20-30% higher electric bills because of the war in Iran. High electricity and gasoline prices are telling us that oil dependence is a key problem. GP 2045 includes targets that help accelerate our transition to local power. HRS§226-18 requires that we plan for the elimination of imported fuel dependence.A General Plan without energy targets does not meet this requirement. We are now experiencing more frequent and intense rain events,flooding,wildfires, and hurricanes. These create hazards for people, property, and our economy. GP 2045 dedicates a standalone climate and resilience chapter that connects hazard mapping to land use decisions. It raises the visibility of these emergent risks and calls for actions with targets to mitigate them. The Council should adopt GP 2045, a plan that includes targets, climate risk provisions, and accountability mechanisms. Targets and Accountability Matter In 2012, KIUC was 92% dependent on oil.They set a target of 50%renewable by 2023.They met it in 2018, so they raised it to 70% by 2030. KIUC now generates about 53 percent from renewables and aims for 100 percent by 2033. Importantly, while the war in Iran has raised energy prices, Kauai's electricity rates rose 13%, and HECO customers can expect a 20%to 30%increase over the next few months. Targets influence decisions, drive action, and reduce risk.A plan without targets is a promise with no deadline. Responses to Concerns I also want to respond to concerns raised regarding GP 2045,which were summarized from a news article about a previous hearing on Bill 66. • 1.The plan is too demanding. GP 2045 is a 20-year planning document. It does not ask the County to do everything in the next few years.The targets create a framework that guides the sequencing of actions. Departments prioritize based on timelines. 2.There's no way to know if the policies and goals are being met. This is actually the key reason to support GP 2045. GP 2045 contains 12 measurable targets with dates and includes a dashboard and portal for public tracking.That's the needed accountability mechanism to ensure goals are met. If the concern is tracking whether we are making progress,the answer is to adopt GP 2045 3.The plan is too prescriptive and extends too far into the future. A plan with targets creates tension to move us towards a desired end state. Hawaii passed its 100% RPS by 2045 back in 2015, along with interim targets to help keep us on track.We met the interim 2020 target and are tracking toward the 2030 benchmark. Long-range targets with interim benchmarks work. It's a 20-year plan. 4. It is too long. GP 2045 has 306 pages. Kauai's plan is over 500 pages. Kauai is making excellent progress in its energy independence objectives. Length isn't the issue.What matters is content. GP 2045 contains evidence and findings that legally defend zoning and capital improvement decisions. 5.There are too many priorities. If everything is a priority, nothing is. I counted 12 measurable targets in GP 2045.This is hardly"everything." GP 2045 has a defined set of benchmarks, each with a target date. These targets actually help with prioritization.Without targets, prioritization is impossible. Here are the targets: • Objective 7: Net-zero County emissions by 2045 • Objective 7: 100% renewable County fleet by 2035 • Objective 7: Mass Transit net zero fleet by 2035 • Objective 7:Support 100% renewable ground transportation statewide by 2045 • Objective 18: Increase mass transit ridership by 50% by 2045 • Objective 19: Reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) • Objective 33:Achieve zero waste by 2045 • Objective 35: Park facilities within a 10-minute walk in urban areas, 10-min'ute drive in rural communities • Objective 36: Each community has access to healthcare facilities, programs, or community- based care • Objective 34: Each community has access to a wide range of educational opportunities . • Objective 37: Increase housing units addressing a range of AMI • Action 6.a: Create a climate change dashboard and portal 6.The 2005 plan hasn't been operationalized,so why would this one be different? Someone cited the example of the Waikoloa Village second access road, an action in the 2005 plan that was not built.That community still has one evacuation route, and it is identified as high wildfire risk. Civil Beat reported on this in April under the headline "Not a Priority." (https://www.civilbeat.org/2026/04/not- a-priority-frustrations-mount-over-missing-fire-evacuation-route-hawaii-island/) 2 The failure was that nobody tracked the implementation. There was no accountability mechanism. GP 2045 addresses this directly with the creation of a public dashboard.The answer is a plan that includes tracking and accountability, not one without it. 7. GP 2045 will take away private property rights. The General Plan is a policy direction document. It does not create regulations,fees, or fines. No one is cited for violating a general plan. People are cited for violating the zoning codes, regardless of what the plan says.Zoning is addressed by a different legislative process. 8. GP 2045 is ideologically driven. Houston,TX, set a carbon neutrality target of 2050 and a 100%electrified municipal fleet by 2030, as a disaster cost-avoidance strategy after Hurricane Harvey. Jacksonville, FL, adopted a 50-year resilience strategy with 45 measurable actions under Governor DeSantis;the plan won a 2024 APA National PlanningAward. Oklahoma City, OK, adopted a sustainability plan as a comprehensive plan amendment. Phoenix,AZ, set net-zero municipal operations by 2030 and a 50%community-wide emissions reduction by 2030. These cities acted to mitigate the cost of potential disasters by introducing plans with measurable targets.This is not a partisan issue—it's a cost-of-living, resilience, and well-being issue. Adopt General Plan 2045 Draft 2 GP 2045 underwent eleven years of professional planning, generated over 7000 community comments, and received two Planning Commission reviews,which recommended adoption with 49 amendments. It's ready. Let's adopt it. Mahalo for your service and your consideration. Noel Morin Waiakea Uka, Hilo Noel Morin Climate,Sustainability, and Resilience Advocate Hilo, Hawaii (808)987-7428 I noelgmorin@gmail.com Save my contact 3 From: Kevin Mulkern Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 9:39 AM To: Council Testimony Cc: abbra Green Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 Restricting possibility to use their property as a see fit well, create additional problems for housing Limiting how a farmer can use his land,whether it be building housing for his employees or security staff or selling at the highest price it so that he can retire after spending a lifetime in the hot sun dealing with the weather does farmers service We owe a tremendous debt to our petroleum industry,who is made Hawaii accessible for tourist creating a vibrant economy, and is a key ingredient for a military, which keeps America free let us allow the free market to determine what type of energy we use Bio Security has been a failure as a little fire out which refers identified in Hilo are now on all islands and in the next 10 to 20 years,we will no longer have coconut trees renaming. The Department of agriculture is not the solution.. there may be a point where we have to admit that we can't fight mother nature, and there may be something to be said that mother nature may know best Kevin Mulkern 808-396-6595 • From: hilomyriad Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 8:20 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Support for Bill 66 - General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Subject: Support for Bill 66 - General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Aloha Chair and Members of the Hawai'i County Council, My name is Nicolas Myrianthis. I live in Waiakea Uka, Hilo. I am writing to respectfully urge the Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 Draft 2 with its targets. and accountability structures intact, and to reject any amendments that would remove its quantitative benchmarks, energy and resilience framework, or biocultural stewardship provisions. I am a strong supporter of Hawai'i's transition to locally generated clean energy, including geothermal, solar, and wind. State law requires county plans to work toward eliminating dependence on imported fuel, and the 2045 General Plan includes the targets necessary to fulfill that mandate. Removing those targets would put Hawai'i County out of step with state law and undermine years of progress toward energy self-sufficiency. Equally important to me are the Plan's equity provisions. Low-income and rural communities on Hawai'i Island'bear the highest energy costs and have the least access to critical infrastructure. The 2045 General Plan's equity framework directs County investments toward the communities that need them most. Stripping those provisions removes the accountability mechanisms that ensure equitable outcomes and the people who can least afford it will bear the consequences. I ask that you protect the integrity of this Plan and the communities it is meant to serve. Respectfully, • Nicolas Myrianthis, . Waiakea Uka, Hilo .. i • From: Russell Navin Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 12:23 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong opposision to bill 66 second reading This bill 66 is a corperatly sponsored move to sabotage any will of local community by imposing "stakeholders" as legitamate substitute for concerned citizen. Any yes vote by county council will forever mark that votie as a trator to the Aina, our collective Ohana, and a willing tool for the corperate facist power grab taking place on ower national sovrenity. Please stop this insanety. 1 • From: Keith Neal Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 6:21 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Support for Bill 66 - General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Aloha Chair and Members of the Hawai'i County Council, I'm writing to ask the Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 Draft 2 with its targets and accountability structures intact. • I support the 2045 General Plan as it includes commitments to resilience and hazard preparedness. Removing them leaves the County without measurable goals for protecting communities from the next disaster. Furthermore, I support Hawai'i's transition to locally generated clean energy, including geothermal, solar, and wind. State law requires county plans to work toward eliminating dependence on imported fuel. A General Plan needs to include energy and food self-sufficiency targets. Mahalo, Keith Neal Waimea • w -.. _ d Ryoko Robertta Osako c/ ONE OF WE THE PEOPLE - REPUBLIC SOVEREIGN Unsecured Creditor Magister Bailor Of The Family Osako Chief Tribunal Judge _ Executive Owner Bounty Hunter Republic Private Attorney General NON-UCC #RE 206 955 315 US Article 4 i II 0. V-. Testimony / Affidavit / Serve 2045 General Plan Cease & Desist 1 . UCC1 NON-UCC Bailee/Bailor 1. Civilly Alive 2. Not Lost At Sea/ Civilly Dead 3. We The People Sovereign Owner Unsecured Creditor 4. America the Republic does not need blood shed to maintain and correct its individual sovereign we the people status. Always has been paperwork and banking forms. 5. UCC § 2A-505. CANCELLATION AND TERMINATION AND EFFECT OF CANCELLATION, TERMINATION, RESCISSION, OR FRAUD ON RIGHTS AND REMEDIES. 1. Banking Forms For status correction and Identity Theft. 2. Full Chain of Title 1. Must provide Treaty Of Annexation 2. Means All Of Waikea House Lots is Now hull to Hawaii Kingdom by The Sovereign Owner Unsecured Creditor WE THE PEOPLE. 3. Layers 1. America The Republic acts of treason against we the people the sovereigns with 2045 General Plan 1 . You work for us and are responsible to uphold the Constitution as only priority. Protecting from invasion. By maintaining Republican Form of Government. 2. ARTICLE 3 sec 3 1. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. 2. America The Republic IS NOT US Washington DC 1. The Civil War Has Not Ended 2. THE BAR ASSOCIATION is an insurrection /TREASON 1 . Article I, Section 9, Clause 8: No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. 1. BAR Contracts is allegiance not to the Constitution 2. Esq. = Esquire is a title of nobility 3. Hawaii IS NOT US Washington DC 1 . Hawaii only exists in DC on the high seas of paper contracts. UCC 4. DUAL CITIZENSHIP IS A REAL POSSIBILITY WITH FULL TRANSPARENCY AND DISCLOSURE. OTHER WISE IT IS FRAUD IN THE INDUCEMENT. 4. Operation beyond your duties has zero protections and will seek full extent of the law for all harm caused. 5. Pardoning powers 6. Cease and Desist Aloha, by special appearance my name is Ryoko of the family Osako. Sovereign executive owner, We the People in Civilly alive status of NON-UCC Declaration of Independence 1776 from the UCC. Submitting MY UCC1 Non-UCC Bailee/Bailor. Here is the Documentation Notice to Cease and Desist of the 2045 General Plan. Including full chain of title requiring Treaty of annexation for your jurisdiction to operate. Without Treaty of annexation IT IS ADVERSE POSSESSION WHICH IS A WAR CRIME, this submission is a full hull of the entire Waikea house lots area to Hawaii Kingdom, by This Sovereign Owner Unsecured Creditor WE THE PEOPLE. I do not consent to the 2045 General Plan in its entirety and you moving forward with it is treason against the sovereign owners, unsecured creditors AND ACTS OF WAR ON OUR BEHALF IN OCCUPIED HAWAII KINGDOM and thus have the right to cancel terminate liquidate and transfer all UCC contracts as per: UCC § 2A-505. CANCELLATION AND TERMINATION. And will be charging you all with Treason. Which also includes pressing charges for harm in your personal capacity for stepping outside of your scope of duties of civil servant for We The People Sovereign Owners. Which has no protections. Operating is international war crimes to treason against We The People The sovereign owners. Which Testimony of 2 witness will suffice as per the Constitution you are bound to uphold with your oath of office. If you have on retainer the counsel of a BAR attorney, be aware of conspiracy, collusion, 18 USC § 242 - Deprivation of rights under color of law, 5 CFR § 2635.702 - Use of public office for private gain, 18 USC § 1028 - Fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information, 15 USC § 1692j - Furnishing certain deceptive forms, 18 USC Chapter 96 Part I - RACKETEERING Dual citizenship is possibility for Hawaii with full transparency, working towards a Hawaiian - American Peace Treaty since the treaty of annexation is non- existent. Cosmos has no choice but to follow me. I am also extending my pardoning powers, for being born into this situationship called Hawaii, like I am. Since ignorance is due to fraud in the inducement, which I keep finding. MOVING FORWARD, willful ignorance has no grace upon you with this notice via special appearance. Being served by me as Postal Master of 286 East Lanikaula Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4357, hand delivered. This paperwork submission as notice to agent is notice to principal, notice to principal is notice to agent. I have also attached a forced hire fee schedule that will be in effect based on the 72 hours banking laws, if you persist. Because all this is just banking, theft from we the people. In case you have not read or remember the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution I have taken the liberty to submit a copy of both. Mahalo TREASON ARTICLE 3 sec 3 Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-3/section-3/ Article IV Section 1 Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts,Records,and judicial Proceedings of every other State.And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts,Records and Proceedings shall be proved,and the Effect thereof. Section 2 The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any State with Treason,Felony, or other Crime,who shall flee from Justice,and be found in another State,shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled,be delivered up,to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. No Person held to Service or Labour in one State,under the Laws thereof, escaping into another,shall,in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein,be discharged from such Service or Labour,but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour maybe due. Section 3 New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union;but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State;nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States,or Parts of States,without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States;and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States,or of any particular State. Section 4 The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature,or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened)against domestic Violence. https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/article-4/ No one can tell anyone by what name or experience is God. Its as younique as finger prints. Nemo cuiquam dicere potest quo nomine aut experientia Deus sit. Tam unicum est quam vestigia digitorum. 1ST AMENDMENT RIGHTS INDIVIDUAL ECCLESIASTICAL STATE SELF GOVERNED SOVEREIGN, FAMILIES GOVERN THEMSELVES, BODY IS THE HOMESTEAD WERE WE THE PEOPLE ARE THE SOVEREIGNS - DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 1776 - DAS WHY - UCC1 NONUCC BAILEE/BAILOR Ryoko Robertta Osako ONE OF WE THE PEOPLE - REPUBLIC SOVEREIGN :** i" Unsecured Creditor ^ fr Magister Bailor Of The Family Osako ,L r Chief Tribunal Judge Executive Owner Bounty Hunter I I �', ;• Republic Private Attorney General u'e. (I LI ^ra' NON-UCC#RE 206 955 315 US °-{� _ �,'� Article 4 '`"� 137 Land Patent No. ____9 0 0 <<} (Gantt) Awed; Orr 073' HQUSL LOTS MY TRAW/FG - R 31. 1917. _ TkiJJ ? rZfi T tlt tl000ixwi of As T in.koni a `' fi it ai ,in, ' "arsiiAP M i lath ,e"2'0-65: nf` /1w Minot �Slrrlcs of .dttt,orint, rct,c7 of dltc TTr'r'itorJ of JJ(tiiu ri, and in am:ar$e:ee 'with the 'provisions of got 331 Session laws of Hawaii 1915, validated by en Act of Congress approved February 6, 1925, Makes/s7,n7rir in u1t men,that halms 1,41s d(q/grrrdticrt cirr,tt tionli,rtnord hrt,fa MOSES X. DOIROIi tor-Me consideralfflc of /crz0t,, Pad fitto f/r.rr TireccsgIllthre stc,rtr,of oND BUIUIRM 'FIFTY ---_ and 00/100 -- Dott,04.4, . _ i60.00--. and for The further consideration of his having complied'with the terms and conditions of Special Sale Agreement No. 504, aU of tJttr i tfldbsiitta/c crt 17ATAXSA. in. Oa DuWt'ict of going- ETT,o --- Zsian<d of.=-RA.RAII—l70r rrrlort wilt rlfscrOGra(Ts faZotos, Waiskea House Mots. tot 2. Block 43, Reg. /rap 2566, lot Land Dist. Beginning at a galvanized iron upike and ehu at the Borth- west corner of this lot and the gortheaet corner of Lot 1 , on the South aide of Lenikanla Avenue, the coordinates of said point of tie- ginning referred to Government Survey Trig. Station hBalaio being 3493.0 feet South. and 8791.0 feat East, as shorn on Government Sur- vey Registered Map Ito,. 2566, and, running by 'Erne azimuths:- 1. 270° 00' 100.0 feet along the South side of ,I.anikaula Avenue to a gal.mixed iron spike and 2ru; 2. 360° 001 200.0 feet along tot 3 to a ga9,vwuized. iron epike and a.hu; 3. 90° 00' 100,0 feat along government land to a galvanized iron spike and, ahu: 4. 180° 00, 200.0 feet eating Lot 1 to the point of beginner. ABEL 20,000 SQUARE iiEii. . s. ..- 0 ' y HawaiiKingdom is a f' c ��‘ r >; Constitutional Monarchy art ^ , c \ A\ .,f `sc. '` ; Where The King(Queen y w; -�, _ed are the sovereigns U � t;r4 k V` - owners (Royal Family) AMERICA THE REPUBLIC *********** PHILADELPHIA *********** 7 * * * * * * ,. WE THE PEOPLE ARE THE { SOVEREIGNS / OWNERS. , — - - - AAMERICA THE REPUBLIC IS NOT US WASHINGTON DC * *** * * ** * * * * *-fir fir * *lir "*.A"***** I US WASHINGTON DC IS OCCUPYING Ili - - * '� * * HAWAII KINGDOM. JUST AS IT IS ALSO OCCUPYING AMERICA THE REPUBLIC i AND THE REST OF THE WORLD WITH OVER 1085 BASES. AMERICA THE REPUBLIC HAS NO STANDING ARMY. THAT IS WHAT THE 2N° AMENDMENT IS FOR. IT HAS A NAVY BUDGET TO PROTECT THE BORDERS, REVIEWED EVERY 2 YEARS. NO STANDING ARMY TO REFRAIN FROM MILITARY ADVENTURISM. AKA: EMPIRE BUILDING. TROOPS NEED TO COME HOME AND HELP SECURE THE HOME AND HELP FOCUS REMOVE THE INSURRECTION INVADERS. 137 4' Y6. Land Patent No. 89 / (Grain) 7.9811 gel; On c3'n' Jr0tJS'1 MOTS BT IAAYII2+TG, ffiC -! 1tR 3i, 1917.. . TITS Pot `. S*7 tior G r v;oar" of MD roviltriv 11'ttxrasi, PAX oo'nf P1fl.itl1 te tll 11, ufes of Me MOM filirloN off'' diar.eri' ra ode of llte ---- Torr'ttory of)Iawa i� and in attcor'1ence frith the provisions of Act 33, Session Laws of 13asaii 1915, validated by as Act of Congress- approved rebruary 6, 1925+ makes Allnnrn 16 61t.melt that.ha h,avtki.s day granted col,a,caitjitqnr'rt u,itto motng K. DOIR0t7 - f ou-ilia COfl$ Zerlat T on of—his -itairr7rt,7 Nazi r imo M.o 2 eeasury the vtin, of ONE STAMM TESTY _-- and 00/ioo Dotlrr,r.M, IS- 150.00--. end for The further consideration of his having complied.vi th the terms end conditions of Special Sale Agreement Nb. 504, all of lira 40ui sztlrr tc WATAKBA in ad D4-11. ct of sotrTE HILO -- T91r61u1 of--2 borarrliar/ rota r?0serioetl t75 fvgdro Waiskea Rouse Lotew tot 2, Block 43, 'leg. Yap 2566, 1st Land. Dist.. HERinning at a galvanized iron spike and ahu at the north- west. corner of this lot and the northeast corner of Lot 1 , on the South aide of tenikatla Avenue, the coordinates of said point of be- gixning referred to Government Survey Trig. Station being 3493.0 feet South and 8791.0 feet Zest, as shorn on .Government Sur- Vey Segi.stered Map no. 2566, and running by 'brae azimuths;- 1. 270° 00► 100.0 ,f"oet .el ong the South side of Tanikaui a Avenue to It galvanized iron spike and ahu; 2. 360* 001 200,0 feet along Lot 3 to a. galvanized iron spike and ahu; 3. 90° 00 f 100.0 feet along government land to a galvanized iron, spike and ahu; 4. 180° 001 200.0 feet along Lot 1 to the point of beginning. AREA 20,000 SW AIM . a � )aV Y ..c w STATE OF HAWAII g`* 1s9 ' BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES :t �t'a., RECORDED • _ + May 22,2025 9:09 AM I hereby certify that this is .�+ •y :71.'' Doc No(s)A-9273000402 a true copy from the records of the Bureau of Conveyances, /s/MIKE H.IMANAKA Registrar"of'Conveyances Pkg 12544147 OFC REGISTRAR Assistant`Registrar,Land Court State of Hawaii VY v LAND COURT REGULAR SYSTEM Name: RYOKO ROBERTTA UCHIYAMA Address: 286 East Lanikaula Street City, State,Zip Code: Hilo,HI 96720 Telephone number,with area code:808-365-4553 IN THE OFFICE OF THE LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF HAWAI'I In the Matter of the Petition of ORDER RYOKO ROBERTTA UCHIYAMA aka RYOKO ROBERTTA OSAKO aka RYOKO ROBERTTA DIAMOND-UCHIYAMA For Change of Name ORDER The Notice of Change of Name of RYOKO ROBERTTA UCHIYAMA aka RYOKO ROBERTTA OSAKO aka RYOKO ROBERTTA DIAMOND-UCHIYAMA q jl,l,6r4 having been published on 04/01/2025 in a newspaper of general circulation in the State of Hawaii, \\I, Sylvia Luke,Lieutenant Governor of the State of Hawaii,by virtue of the authority vested in me by )F ;fl' law and thereunto enabling,do hereby order that the name of VAI4C"-5 r`r RYOKO ROBERTTA UCHIYAMA aka RYOKO ROBERTTA OSAKO aka RYOKO ROBERTTA DIAMOND-UCHIYAMA 111 1111111111111 I11111111111111111111111111 ll1 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Form A-Order-eff:05/01/2016 Page 1 of 2 be changed to RYOKO ROBER1TA OSAKO effective 04/01/2025 DATED: 04/16/2025 Honolulu,Hawai'i SYLVIA LUKE Lieutenant Governor of the State of Hawaii UEUTENANT GOVERNOR OF HAWAII THIS IS TO CERTIFY 1HAT THE FOREGOING IS A TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE ORIGINAL WHICH IS ON FILE AND OF RECORD IN THISOFFICL APR 16 2025 2i HONOLULU,HAWAII 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Form A-Order-eff:05/01/2016 Page 2 of 2 STATE OF HAWAII 's•5' BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES ( ni 1;ir RECORDED 4 March 7,2025 8:16 AM mow • Doc No(s)A-9197000593 I hereby certify that this is •�� F` a true copy from the records of the Bureau of Conveyances, Doc 1 of 1 JstBESS PALMA(ACTING) Pkg 12507337 OFC REGISTRAR Registrar of Conveyances • Assistant Registrar, Land Court ConveyanceTaxsSO.OD State of Hawaii • • LAND COURT REGULAR SYSTEM After Recordation;Return by Mail(X)Pickup()to: Ryoko Uchiyama 286 East Lanikaula St. Hilo,HI,96720 Total Pages t (3)2-2-027-008-0000 Lot No.2 in Block No.43 of the Waiakca House Lots Document No.A-83890721 r QUIT CLAIM DEED _t_ THIS QUITCLAIM DEED is made as of the day of I'A't3 ,2024. GRANTOR;BETTY M.OSAKO,wife of Noboru Osaka,whose address is 2 8 6 East Lanikaula St. Hilo, HI, 96720. GRANTEE: BETTY M.OSAKO,wife of Noboru Osako,and RYOKO R.UCHIYAMA,Single whose address is 286 East Lanikaula St Hilo,HI,96720. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY The property affected by this Quitclaim Deed Is described in Exhibit"A"attached to this document ».w i r .',AIF 1.4 911144 an* F 04 ipook F Irir" TRANSFER OF PROPERTY: In return for the Grantee's consideration as agreed between Grantor and Grantee,the Grantor sells,conveys,grants and transfers,in fee simple,forever,Grantor's interest in the property described in Exhibit"A"to the Grantee. SALE AND TRANSFER OF OTHER RIGHTS: Grantor also sells,conveys,grants and transfers to the Grantee,Grantor's interest in the following: (A) All improvements located on the property; (B) All rights the Grantor has in other property because of the Grantor's ownership of the property being sold(these rights are known as"easements and appurtenances"); (C) All rents or royalties from the property; (D) Any mineral and metallic rights owned by the Grantor in the property;and ()a) All other rights or privileges that the Grantor owns because of the Grantor's ownership of the property. GRANTEE'S TENANCY: The Grantee will take and own the property as Joint Tenancy With Rights Of Survivorship. DEFINITIONS: The word"person"includes natural persons,business organizations and any other entity the law allows to own property or conduct business. The words"Grantor"and"Grantee"include the persons named in this Quitclaim Deed and those who take over or succeed to that person's rights or interests,whether by purchase,inheritance,operation of law or otherwise. 2 Vt 1, C IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the Grantor(s)has/have executed this instrument. By: LKt Betty M.Osaka "GRANTOR" STATE OF HAWAII ) )_ SS. COUNTY OF HAWAII) On this ( day of MO,* , 2026,, before me personally appeared, Betty M. Osaka to me known to be the person(or who provided satisfactory evidence of identity)described in and who executed the foregoing QUIT CLAIM DEED containing 4 pages and, being duly sworn, did say thatshe is the person named in the fore ping instrument and acknowledged that he executed the same as hlrfree act and deed as certified this V• day of Mk* .2O2'3.' No ry Public tate of Hawaii $1.<7 NOTARY;L Nj(,ott MA}ltiv� : PUBLIC ; Printed or Typ Name of Notaly u";18-155 ec My commission expires: dL{ burp Zt0 ldR%l�%%1: Date of Certification: ;l�jti tit OISfac NOTARY CERTIFICATE •`GE Df�l9 NICOLE MOY THIRD CIRCUIT `b_....Y OOC DATE: $ tE aS !t PAGES, t-I '�'�:NOTARY. 11 00C DESC; u WIU(y _ PUBLIC • '- llll, WA'PENOWn3m ii _•: 1 f • 3tri`•1...•QZ1Q: ,JONATURE 4/ DATE COMM EXP ,o,,,,a,F„,;:,,.• Exhibit"A" 3 ,y�� ,i.�' Tom, ` I r4r rrrrr* ****4riirrrrir4i*! NJr+`4�#'Bpi+►'91�4'�1'i9`Ai'i'♦'i'T'Y♦'�i� ►rrr4prrrrrr4rr4irr+r At, is • CERTIFICATE OF DEATH t+i,`b `iiyi�g9ii�+►4 .,,,,, 1 iii;6ii► ipi;ii'� 6.,A ►aiafa�p�i,�A-A.y,�ta A-44 faialai,►+tm,'�'aia"►.�i�„i�rrie�*�A r A-A.AarA- "w'►la.►►a�a1Fai,C►,tayiyissswa}r,wa.1,...4 ►•4' s �b.oF y� p4ir•1; P*+4F STATE OF H�WAIJ`' •,0* a q�; CERTIFICATE NO.1512U25 -OQ2909 p�•• 1 p4,+, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH - £ �`� -, - ►*a*. ►,*►4*►4 41 y p��*•' irr,►� ' 1' -. rr r . 'fP•* . ►re,41 , . , ,:$ �.�::v �e `_ ►• 4 +p444, _�-_____„.. r. p.4 ►i+4 ►+i*► p�'►` s--. *4$4 ;*+*4` ' j4+;4 t ►++4';*rName orDecedent+4►, +`+ :BETTY MMEKO OS O ' ii IPs;;*4, City,ToWn or Location of Death County of beach Island of"Beath pi� f ►.4' �I .., ,- ►ii ;, to HAWAII HAWAII, rr 14-474 Actual or Presumed Date of Death Actuat or Presumed Time of Deatfr- Date of birth Age at Death +r+• i*44 March 22,2025 5;55 PM' - _ ` July`18, 1`951 73 YEAR(s) i44 y44.•-••Sex -- - --, Race Citizenship t Ever in Armed Forces? ►rA0' S. FEMALE Japanese UNITED'STATES NO r►4+4 •`r k*+*4 Social Securitti Nuttier Marital Status _ `r�*+ 3 pto:g 575-62-0880' u DIVORCED ' ' -, ►+*�� pi**1 F p* 4 ►i;� p;� +r4 Father's Name Mother's Name(Prior to First Marriages !*+*4 A Isamu Osako- Haruyo Shimamoto �a.4 ` brr444 Disposition -c < ►*Iii+ ` *+4 CREM&ION , _ Cemetery/Crematory« HOMELANI MEMORIAL PARK f '' .r�44p I ��*+�+', Date; March 31,2025' Location: HILO,HI 96720 t ;�4404 p+i+4 Permit#:312550 Funeral Home; HOMELANI.MEMORIAL PARK&CREMATORY ? ►f+�+ ►rr '.441 Certifier: Rebekah Fu PRIVATE PHYSICIAN 4. __ ' �•+p F Aid*++ Date Certified: March 31,2025 Original Date Certified: March 31,2025_ °j r++++ �+4.+44 bate Pronounced'Dead:March 22,2025 Time,Pronounced Dead:5:55 PM , _ - �'►+*+ +4 Cause of endometrial cafncerinteryal:5 years ri+a4 t ►+Y+i _ p+i+; b••A ' i- p �4 p*+r4 1*•yi •r ••• rr� ;, •4r4 a�*+�4 pir*4 ire f pii*� `►0;*r M_ ►�ii� l ►4**7, Manner of Death:iNATURAL CAUSES p�0.4I ► - ,.. ;irk i IM*•4i•4 �X **"y *i` ° 0 ; � ;�; * a t '-- '":•-t, 4 ! ,44 fi r*ip*� a L i 4+ r H ►r4,►4r4* • 0. +, sF+„�+.""'y, _s_ s` ,,,,,^".7�;1,4,' r~ �44 ,Ni < r4*,t, Date Filerfby State Registrar. March_31�,2025 +4� R"411i.411 OHSMI.2(Ravi2013)` This copy eerves as,prima-facie evidence of the fact of death in any court proceeding. [HRS 338-13(b),338.19j f332673' ;4• si+ i bit;+. 54444:41Ai:4:;1,►a+4.i6;o.:47, ANY ALTERATIONS INVALIDATE TH1S CERTiFICATE potkA,.hmi;4+i'ki; A;4;4;10. *¢+ ^ 1 All of that certain parcel of Iand lying and being at Waiakea,in the District of South Hilo,County and State of Hawaii,being Lot No.2 in Block No.43 of the Waiakea House Lot,and described by meets and bounds in Land Patent No.8900,as Follows: BEGINNING at the galvanixed iron spike and ahuat the Northwest corner of this lot and the Northeast corner of Lot 1,on the South side of Lanikaula Avenue,the coordiantes of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Trig. Station"Haiti"being 3493.0 feet South and 8791.0 feet East,as Shown on Government Survey Registered Map No.2566 and running true azimuths: 1, 270 00 100.0 feet along the south side of Lanikaula Avenue to a galvanized iropike and ahu; 2. 360 00 200.0 feet along Lot 3 to a galvanized iron spike and ahu; 3. 90 00 100.0 feet along government land to a galvanized iron spike and ahu; 4. 180 00 200.0 feet along Lot 1 to the point of beginning and containing an area of 20,000 square feet more or less; BEING the same property recorded by; Instrument:Deed Grantor: BETTY M.OSAKO,wife of Noboru Osako. Grantee: BETTY M.OSAKO,wife of Noboru Osako,and RYOKO 17CHIYAMA,unmarried daughter of Betty M.Osaka. Dated: November 21,2022 Recorded: December 20,2022 Document No. A-83890721 Tax Map Key:(3)2-2-027-008-0000 Subject,however,to the following: • f End of Exhibit"A" a 4 4 0 Fresh •iN STATE OF HAWAII • }� `y¢ '°SO BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES t<<?�'t,t„t ` RECORDED .nt �� f March 7,2025 2:09 PM • ltAr� Doc No(s)A-9197000792 (hereby certify that this is a true copy from the records of the Bureau of Conveyances, Doc 1 of 1 /s/BESS PALMA(ACTING) Pkg 12507686 ICL REGISTRAR Registrar of Conveyances Assistant Registrar, Land Court State of Hawaii After Recordation,Return by Mail to: Prepared by Betty Osttko 286 East Lanikaula St, Hilo,HI 96720 Tills document contains 3 pages. Affects: Tax Map Key:(3)2-2-027-008 0000 • Lot No,2 in Block No.43 of Wainkea House Lots Document No.A-83890721 AFFIDAVIT OF BETTY M.OSAKO t kuessier HI+ 0, Page l of 2 AFFIDAVIT OF BETTY M.OSAKO I,BETTY M.OSAKO,hereinafter"Afi"iant"being first duly sworn,deposes and says: I. On December 20,2022 a deed was executed conveying the property identified as TMK(3)2-2-027-008-0000 to Betty M.Osako,wife ofNoboru Osako and Masayuki Everrard Pua'I Osako unmarried son of Betty M.Osako,as Joint Tenants. 2. On December I8,2024 Masayuki Everrard Pua'I Osako passed away,a copy of his death certificate is attached as Exhibit"I". 3. I am making this Affidavit to clarify my ownership of the property as the surviving property owner. Dated:340/a. c,HI,this C6 cDCr" v Y & r—` FurtherAfflant sayeth naught: Betty M. Osako-Affiant df� C •� Page 2 of 7, • State of Hawaii ) )SS County of Hawaii ) Subscribed and sworn before me this (A-,day of AttiviA. 2025 in the Third Circuit,County and State offlawaii by BETTY M.OSAKO. Description of Document:BETTYM.OSAKO Date of Document;+ntt�tt,d 20'25' No.of Pages: lIOTARY�� P}�BLIC 41.155 Sip iatureof ota u lac '.gTFa••AA� N1f4, M(I.O \ Printed Name of Notary Public NOTARY CERTIFICATE Commission Expiration Date:0�(bi� lp NICOLE MOYi.AN THIRD c CUIT QOC DATE:Yy1ae la. #PAGES DOC DESC:t jtniU-��f= itj,#{y M.asaIo DATE COMM EXP = .NOTARY Nam Page 3 of 2 Exhibit "1 " •••••4± 144.4*`.",4* %,•° �•4•4•:o e`±°o•o CERTIFICATE i.iOF DEATH P° %o;4s+. "Vot'a•°o:►+tc$* ° 9 ►+;`�F'_4.a ►ors 4+' STATE OF HAWAII ;Air os0.9\ CERTIFICATE NO.151 2024-012321 A *aw DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH i'n . -; .041 to 01 ........ e,fr.... �+Name cif Qere,,,n; , F► MASAYUKI EVERRARD PUAI OSAKO it.1 r MI r F 444 ril " it44 •4* City,Town or Location et Death County of geatt Island of Deat7 '� �� Honolulu HONOLULU OAHU A. tt��1 Lslttaioc Presumed Date or Death leAgylpr Presumed Time of Dcattt pal tit.Qa Bk Aae a;Death �• 1 �i December 18,2024 6:31 PM April 29,1981 43 YEAR(s) Mai Agt Race Ck,zensnio Ever inArmee Fo; MALE Japanese UNITED STATES NO 4 44 'r' Social Marital Status FOP �. NEVER MARRIED t s4 Latttwr's Name Mother's Name(Prior to Fir$ tarriagej • •�4 „dia. • ► Noboru Osaka Betty M.Osako ire' 41 k r Disposition— _,... ___ _ _ -- {Ai CREMATIONCcmeteytCre,•'atory: NUUANU MEMORIAL PARK 8 MORTUARY,LLC •�Date;December 23,2024 Location. HONOLULU,HI 96817 _ ► Pesmdtt 308834 Funeral Home: NUUANU MEMORIAL PARK&MORTUARY LLC , ..ip• ,'4 _ :*a Certifier: Maria Pino-Luey PRIVATE PHYSICIAN µ �^ � � • Date Cenifiud December 20,2024 anginal pate Certified- December20,2024 � t *, Date Pronounced Dead' December 18,2024 Time Pronounced Dead'6:31 PM ,•A,,, MICause of Death. A a.Acute type B aortic dissection ty h l .,. Part U. Acute cerebral Infarct(multiple,involving cerebrum,Pons,and cerebellum,some areas of Rt ACA and MCA).Acute renal �g< failure Manner of Death:NATURAL CAUSES ., IL • 4 0 led by State Registrar December 23,2024 :to 4,,°HSM t 2 teem/2413i This copy serves as prima facto ovidence of the fact of death to any court procgedtng.ERRS 338.13(h)r 338-193 -32aon4 t 449+;4142,°�E4+..). ANY ALTERATIONS INVALIDATE THIS CERTIFICATE ££';. ;+i* ° j,j �•►a4�s� �•�rs+o�►+�a*+-4a-►+�+++a► •�+�+++►w+-►-•s s•i-s-•►w+•+-►+-e�-+�++ i ♦+++ii ++++++++ ♦+++ +++++++4+ ♦♦*+++♦+♦**•**+++++*++♦+♦++++• 1 + � +++++++++++++♦♦++�►++++++ CERTIFICATE OF DEATH +++++++++♦♦♦♦+++♦+++++++++++♦ +l+r j.�r�e.+r45►+.+a+i+i+i.►.►�4$1.++rlr'�i.;J+i�1'iA+w+r''Iu .+i}r+�.......w0r9�+r+a`��...►+��r'��►'►iC�r�+..., ..►.**s� + - - 4 0 ,_ ` STATE OF HAWAII -- ,. ,�6 F ,19 . ++ ,. ; ;;� :: � r,;, CERTIFICATE N0.151 2024 -012321, *+, •!•+ DEPART(�t1ENT.OF HEATH ♦+ •++• ..++♦ �*� Name of Decedent ' ;++,1 ' l'4, ,MASAYUK( EVERRAI3D PUA'i 'OSAKO �'►+. ;►+++ 4+ V+i.+ 1. City:Town or Location of Death County o D t f Death Island o Death- + •i*4,+' Honolulu- _. :`HONOLULU _ 'OAHU +4+a 4, Actual or Presumed Date of Death' Actual or Presumed Time of Death Date of Birth Aae at Death; ,--1, `r+; December 18t 2024 6:31. +PM April 29,1981 43 YEAR(s) ' -a*+ -Sex Race Citizenship Ever to Armed Forces? �4+ �� MALE ' Japanese UNITED STATES NO: - t�! 4.b i!� r+ ' 1+++ r �- ►*+., Social Security Number, ,Marital Status r* ►+s+' 576-33-8949 NEVER MARRIED .•. ♦+ ♦♦ +++ Fathers Name Mother's Name(Prior to First Marriage) ;N++ y++++ Noboru Osako Betty M.Osako +++ i++•. t++ .++ -Disposition - - ,,, -,,�. .. ' .. . ,' _ . . ,. _ , � r++ , CREMATION Cemetery/Crematory: NUUANU MEMORIAL PARK&MORTUARY,,LLC _ *+ ° Date: December 23,2024 Location: HONOLULU,HI.96817 1 ++ a++ , Permit#:308834 Funeral Home:NUUANU MEMORIAL PARK&-MORTUARY LLC +s+ a.i. +� -Certifier: Maria Pino-Luey PRIVATE,PHYSICIAN ,c ♦*+** Date Certified: December 20,2024 Original Date Certified: December 20,2024 +++ ' s,* Date Pronounced bead: December 18,2024 Time Pronounced Dead:6:31 PM ++r !+Q Cause of Death; - r+j 0.+t a.Acute type B aortic dissection s+y }++ ,++i +' i ♦ /+++• i •r++1• !+♦+ 4*+* M•* -Park u: Acute cerebral infarct(multiple,involving;cerebrum,(pone,;and cerebellum,some areas of Rt ACA and MCA).Acute renal ++ a♦+ :failure ' `eia+ O+++ r++ , Mannerof Death::NATU,RAL CAUSES , ,; ++;+ ►♦ , . ��.. .. rn, �,) .,r +�►* + Date filed byState Registrar December 23,2024 ►*+j oHSM 1.2(Rev fl2013) This copy serves as prima facie evidence of the fact of death In any court proceedinglARS'338.13(b),338-191 1329004, .*♦.k. ia++a+"77.+►rwre+wr44Ktj*...;+;+;*.70;+ ANY ALTERATIONS INVALIDATE THIS CERTIFICATE +;4,+��9;4 +'''''''4' �, . _ C/ S e STATE OF HAWAII .t:+ rite, BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES fr RECORDED 45 k'I '' r`' i December 20,202210:36 AM hereby certify that this is t.���;. D�No(s)A-83890721 a true copy from the records '�-,�Vtst,�1 , of the Bureau of Conveyances, 4-1)11'4Registrar of Conveyances fs/LESUETK09ATA Assistant Registrar, Land Court Pkg 12135369 SKC REGISTRAR State of H0WC II Conveyance Tax$0.00 AFTER RECORDATION,RETURN BY Betty Osako 111B Boyd Lane Honolulu,Hawaii 96813 TITLE OF DOCUMENT:DEED Tax Map Key:2-2-027-008 Total Pages:3 DEED THIS WARRANTY DEED,made on this 21st day of November 2022 by BETTY M.OSAKO,wife of Noboru Osako, whose address is 286 East Lanikaula Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, hereinafter called "Grantor,"in favor of BETTY M.OSAKO,wife of Noboru Osako,and MASAYUKI EVERRARD PUA'I OSAKO, unmarried son of Betty M.Osaka,in Joint Tenancy with right of survivorship,whose address is 286 East Lanikaula Street,Hilo,Hawaii 96720,hereinafter called the"Grantee". WITNESSETH: That for ONE DOLLAR and other valuable consideration paid by the Grantee,the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged,the Grantor does hereby release, remise, and convey unto the Grantee,their heirs,personal representatives,successors,and assigns: All of Grantor's interest in that certain real property described in Exhibit"A" attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference,which has the address of 286 East Lanikaula Street,Hilo,Hawaii 96720,affecting Tax Map Key:2-2-027-008,hereinafter referred to as "Property." And all the estate,right,title and interest of the Grantor,both at law and in equity,therein and thereto. ttr— fAtICES4f* , 4 FN The conveyance herein set forth and the warranties of the Grantor concerning the same are expressly declared to be in favor of the Grantee,and the Grantee's heirs,personal representatives,and assigns. The Grantor promises to the Grantee that:(a)the Grantor now owns the Property;and(b)the Grantor has the right and authority to transferthe Property to the Grantee. THE GRANTOR WILL WARRANT AND DEFEND THE GRANTEE'S TITLE TO THE PROPERTY AGAINST LAWFUL CLAIMS OR DEMANDS MADE BY SOMEONE CLAIMING AN INTEREST IN THE PROPERTY BECAUSE OF THINGS DONE BY GRANTOR. The terms "Grantor"and "Grantee",as and when used herein,or any pronouns used in pT,ace thereof shall mean and include the masculine, feminine or neuter, the singular or plural number, individuals,partnerships,trustees,or corporations and their and each of their respective successors,heirs, personal representatives,successors in trust and assigns,according to the context thereof. All covenants and obligations undertaken by two or more persons shall be deemed to be Joint and several unless a contrary intention is clearly expressed elsewhere herein. IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the Grantor has executed these presents the day,month,and year first above written. • BETTY M.OSAKO "Grantor" STATE OF HAWAII ) SS: CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU Before me appeared BETTY M. OSAKO,to me known to be the persons described in and who executed the foregoing Deed,and she acknowledged to me that she executed the foregoing Warranty Deed as her free act and deed. DATED:Honolulu,Hawaii,November 21,2 2. ..0" A�JG GR E M.JUNG }�* �OTA$j.=� TAN ary Public,State of Hawaii 92-233 *'EMy commission expires: 4-I'1•"_'4' 11?.0"7";:k..0k to 7ffigigaTION \`c�,tpl►�r►� G GE ,JG,Notary Public GE.M.a �i� Doc.Date' t t !21k #pages: c' ' •••.•'y Jurisdiction:First Circuit 2 { oTA1 . = Doc.Description: Commission No: R 3 92-233 : *`E Deer>' as *6,OF'Np' ���`� 7T,;URE . ____,:zATE .2.1•..1.02-2-. SuPNVI it EXHIBIT"A" • All of that certain piece or parcel of land lying and being at Waiakea,in the District of South Hilo, County and State of Hawaii,being Lot No.2 in Block No.43 of the Waiakea House Lots,and described by metes and bounds in Land Patent Grant No.8900,as follows: BEGINNING at a galvanized iron spike and ahu at the Northwest corner of this lot and the Northeast corner of Lot 1,on the South side of Lanikaula Avenue.the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Trig. Station"Halai" being 3493.0 feet South and 8791.0 feet East, as shown on Government Survey Registered Map No.2566,and running by true azimuths: 1. 270 00 100.0 feet along the South side of Lanikaula Avenue to a galvanized iron spike and ahu; 2, 360 00 200.0 feet along Lot 3 to a galvanized iron spike and ahu; 3. 90 00 100.0 feet along government land to a galvanized iron spike and ahu; 4. 180 00 200.0 feet along Lot 1 to the point of beginning and containing an area of 20,000 square feet more or less. BEING the same property recorded by Deed of Isamu Osako and Haruo Osako,Grantors,to Isamu Osako and Betty M.Osako,Grantees,on March 15, 1983,in the State of Hawaii Bureau of Conveyances, in Liber 22950 at page 363. END OF EXHIBIT"A" 3 s* v f�, , hP RECORDATION REQUESTED BY: 89 35109 GEORGE S.YUDA 167 KEAWE ST HILO,HAWAII 96720 1y:la HNR 15 tN $.01 AFTER RECORDATION, RETURN TO: I""tR/P O 1363 ,y {.VELA,REGISTRAR GEORGE S.YUDA �/' 167 KEAWE ST HILO,HAWAII 96720 RETURN BY: MAIL (IA PICKUP ( ) SPACE ABOVE THIS LINE FOR REGISTRAR'S USFf AFFECTS TAX MAP KEY: 2-2-027-008 DEED il KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That ISAMU OSAKO and HARUYO o , o OSAKO, husband and wife, whose residence and mailing address is t K ci i,�4„ c" 286 East Lanikaula Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, Grantors, for and Eit r „';' • in consideration of the sum of ONE DOLLAR 01.00) and love to them 1) t in hand paid by ISAMU OSAKO, husband of Haruyo Osako, whose <L c„ residence and mailing address is 286 East Lanikaula Street, Hilo, r ,I- Hawaii 96720, and BETTY H. OSAKO, wife of Noboru Osako, whose tc>;t s '�),N,•.Z._I,111111i residence and mailing address is 286 A East Lanikaula Street, a g ; ! g g Hilo, Hawaii 96720, Grantees, the receipt whereof is hereby C2144'7=1/1443 acknowledged, do hereby give, grant, bargain, sell and convey unto the said Grantees, all of the property described in Exhibit "A" / attached hereto and made a part hereof. TOGETHER with all and singular the improvements, tenements, rights, easements, privileges, hereditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging, or in anywise appertaining, and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders, rents, issues and 9.A:fep - 1 - 1 hereby certify that this is r -% a true copy from the records of the Bureau of Conveyances, kt, Registrar of Conveyances Assistant Registrar,Land Court State of Hawaii It • profits thereof. 22950 364 TO NAVE AND TO HOLD the same unto the said Grantees, as joint tenants with right of survivorship, to the survivor of them and to such survivor's heirs and assigns, in fee simple, forever. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the said Grantors have hereunto set their hands this 1372) day of Gliaf'd , 1989. d A ` ISA1iJ OSAKO HARDYO OSAKO Y By IbataLlffozo Se4 ISAMU OSAKO ,4; � Her Attorney-in-Fact A• STATE OF HAWAII ) SS: COUNTY OF HAWAII On this ,(3 day of 0,0-' , 1989, before me personally appeared ISAMU OSAKO, to me known to be the person described in and who executed the foregoing instrument and acknowledged that he executed the same as his free act and deed. War Pub , Third Jud al C rcu t S to of Hawaii My Commission expires: 4f! 9E- 1 1 - 2 - r If IVi 4 v i r • STATE OF HAWAII ) 22950 365 ) SS: COUNTY OF HAWAII ) Glid On this I3 day of r.�fC74C-4) , 1989, before me personally appeared ISAMU OSAKO, to me known, who, being by me duly sworn, did say that he is the Attorney-in-Fact of HARUYO OSAKO, duly appointed under Power of Attorney dated January 27, 1987 and recorded in the Bureau of Conveyances of the State o* Hawaii in Liber Page ; that the foregoing instrument was executed in the name and behalf of said HARUYO OSAKO by said ISAMU OSAKO as her Attorney-in-Fact, and said ISAMU OSAKO acknowledged said instrument to be the free act and deed of said HARUYO OSAKO. : .. 4 ►`� • Rota P c, Third Judl Circuit tate of Hawaii a.Y. Est, My Commission expires ?, . 12 .=4 a S'~' 4 - 3 - 4 I • 22950 3G6 EXHIBIT "A" All of that certain piece or parcel of land lying and being at Waiakea, in the District of South Hilo, County and State of Hawaii, being Lot No. 2 in Block No. 43*of H the Waiakea House Lots, and described by metes and bounds in Land Patent Grant No. 8900, as follows: BEGINNING at a galvanized iron spike and ahu at the Northwest corner of this lot and the Northeast corner of Lot 1, on the South side of Lanikaula Avenue, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Trig. Station "Halai" being 3493.0 feet South and 8791.0 feet East, as shown on Government Survey Registered Map No. 2566, and running by true azimuths: 1. 270° 00' 100.0 feet along the South side ,,;, of Lanikaula Avenue to a galvanized iron spike and ahu; ram: • 2. 360° 00' 200.0 feet along Lot 3 to a galvanized iron spike and abu; 3. 90° 00' 100.0 feet along government land to a galvanized iron Spike and ahu; 4. 180° 00W 200.0 feet along Lot 1 to the point of beginning and containing an area of 20,000 square feet more or less. f { jf { }{4 f amows I - IECORDATION REQUESTED BY: • • CYRIL KANEMfj,,, Ml..'•!1:''i.','t,i':•';, • 167 Keawe Strewt;i''Cr I.i'. i'... i:L�: .. Hilo, Hawaii 96720 lttER 11165 1'C 162' kFTER RECORDATION, RETURN TO: 186►- 1976 Jil 12 AID $: 43 CYRIL KANE/14115U `r 167 Keawo Street t.t-C4. srl ni yaliN` Hllo, Hawaii 96720 ----•-- tETURN BY: MAIL(:) PICKUP( ) SPACE ABOVE THIS LINE FOR BEGISTRAR'SUSE DEED KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That ISAMU OSAKO and HARUYO OSAKO, husband and wife, of Hilo, County and State of Hawaii, Grantors, for and in consideration of the sum of ONE DOLLAR ($1.00) to them in hand paid by BETTY MIEKO OSAKO, single, whose residence and mailing address is 286 Lanikaula Street, Hilo, Hawaii, Grantee, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and for the love and affection they have for her, do hereby give, grant, bargain, sell and convey unto the said Grantee, 1111111111111 , her heirs and assigns, in fee simple, forever, the following V ca described property: ;t.c ci o ALL of that certain parcel of land (being a portion i' of Lot 4, Block 302, Land Patent Grant 9835, Waiakea Homestead Or2.a Houselots), situate at Waiakea, District of South Hilo, , 1�, Island, County and State of Hawaii, and being more particularly �� '' „ � described as follows: 0,: N BEGINNING at a point at the South corner of this (113 parcel of land, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "Halal." 4‹ 65 being 5820.94 feet South and 8367.03 feet East, thence unni running by azimuths measured clockwise from true South: 1 0 6 16 z 1. 148° 10, 90.00 feet along Lot 15, Block 302, Waiakea Homestead Houselot; 031I33iV31a:.j ?. 238° 101 242.00 feet along Lot 5, Block 302, Waiakea Homestead Houselot, to a point on the Southwest side of Kilauea Street; um 11165 ec 163 3. 328° 10' 90.00 feet along the Southwest side of Kilauea Street; 4 . 58° 10' 242.00 feet to the point of beginning and containing an area of 21,780 square feet. Same being the premises conveyed to the Grantors herein by the following instruments: 1. Warranty Deed dated September 25, 1969, recorded in the Bureau of Conveyances of the State of Hawaii in Liber 6711, Page 57; . 2. Warranty Deed dated June 24, 1969, recorded in said Bureau of Conveyances in Liber 6711, Page 61; and 3. Quitclaim Deed dated August 8, 1969, recorded in said Bureau of Conveyances in Liber 6711, Page 68. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the same, together with all the improvements, rights, easements, privileges and appurtenances thereunto belonging or in anywise appertaining, unto the said Grantee, her heirs and assigns, in fee simple, forever. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, said Grantors/ have hereunto set their hands this c7�O�"�i day of ,(G��P,etin.A; ISAMU OSAKO 4 a2„,,,!,., ' JARUYO OSAKO - 2 - LI8ER 111&,5 ea:16.4 STATE OF HAWAII ) ) SS: , COUNTY OF HAWAII ) On this 007(C day of AfitelfitA v , 190: before me personally appeared ISAMU OSAKO and HAHUYO OSAKO, to me known to be the persons described in and who executed the foregoing instrument, and acknowledged that they executed the same as their free act and deed, / .,..„-- NotaryPublic, Third Judicial Circuit State of Hawaii My Commission expires 44 / // APPROVED AS CYRILL KANEMITSU VOW - 3 - . DIV . ,SOURCEt , IT?T.'Ef' a Waiakei I I . .1.0f-3...•a r 't ' -mat\171,0S ,.. IlY• , VIA OATEr , 10/13/BO DEED ETC,: 1* t BY. DATE. DEBD NO. 47 AI ''"",9).,,4-"444% ? 2 27 8 . lk ...,..,..2.1- 3. 1 Ds Harris A Doss (&set Argellos F) toi Isamu Osako &wt Inst ft54/7-3 Bk 2385 p 597 Cows: $10. Haruyo T/E gRBA *9.90 9/14/50 10/8/8) 20000 A tAx D L MAP NEW PR. ., 6.) Lot 2 Blk 43 %Jake's House Lots Gr 8900 —. TRACING 1414# Dos AREA 20000 /5 . . • 4 0,V41.' SKETCH q ,°5-2 LEASE ' .' TAX 1 twE. • NEW PR. • ' i„. i Iti 1--"t$115) Elmo ns ',. LEOGER ...' RETURN , PLATE ..• , '• 4 4.1 FINAL DATA AS SHOWN ON TAX MAPS AS OF 114/15/80 . •i'. : kt..4. ,... r.- TAX KEY CHANGE IS DESCRIPTION AREA OF PARCEL OWNER .. f4 • , - • . ' . . 2, 2,27 8 , 0wner Lot 2 B&k 43, go,000 g See above , '.::: : I II .C. ../ 7$ . : • . Ai: 1. . • ., • . .4 . ' ' • '.• •.:•4414.OP\AVX:$1.I.:4 r:•%.e.i.0..•. e,:.C.7 h.{.1 01 ....e vt, -v. 1 0,4•-•749,4--il'ir,‘A,41,,v 1.••WIV::41';f4:,11,'''''. ' . • . .. i .... , f- gni) . ' t. ..1 ‘....0 . , . • _ Y ;:L •�,�; ' ittoR238G 3 E282 ''" . KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: ' . .. L - . • • , That BISHOP NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII AT HONOLULU, a National Banking • Association, the owner and-holder of that•certain mortgage dated the 2�d. day of ' NO , 19 46 , made by HARD IS A.. DOSS . as Mortgagor_, tc HILO CONSTRUCTION & SUPPLY CO., LTD. _ , ao Mortgagoo_, recorded in'liber 2135 pages 172—175, a"s33gneil to said tank •' , by assignment dated the 15th day of October , 19� Ag { recorded 'in . . ' liber 2174 • 477-478,•having received all moneys secured by the Pages .said mortgage, doth'horeby releace .and discharge the' said mortgage. • ; • IN WITNESS WHEREOF, BISHOP NATIONAL BANK OF HAWAII AT HONOLULU has. - y September $0 executed this release this �7 day of ; 19' • ' • .tov n • BISHOP•'NATIONAL BANK OF• HAW• AII,'Afi HONOLU.LUq, '. • ,,, u el tcg"3 ! ; 'Rya'. rk‘Qt.4....„4, '• 7,../ • .'•`" • q ": : ' ' 12 s p > .! f ` Its Vice-Presi ent a Bra�lo:t Manager "•,' . ;V :gTERRITORY OF.HAWAII, 4 O„ •.., • t'C Q > U•a ' • HAWAII ]hSS • •,''u 2' uO Pea XTttai?Dc COUNTY OF I VCa Z .a II C '— ' ID CD ,° o ' On this z9 'day of 'September. , 19 50 , before me appeared • a _c y a� s •c 4 Q is G. S. Wong , to me personally known-, •who' `boing by me duly sworn, did say that he is Vice—President &•Branch Manager of Bishop National Bank of Hawaii at Honolulu, a National Banking Association, , - . and that the seal affixed to tho foregoing instrument is the corporate seal. of. • said Association, and that said.instrument was signed and sealed ih behalf of • said Association by authority of its Board of Directors, and the said • ...•,.; G. S. Wong• ' acknowledged said'instrument to`be.the ' Av.4991d:/044, • free act and deed of said Association. ` ' `' ,L'•v11, �' i,G' 1�,�•t••I` 1 i • �t�., '�o.+�NA, Notary P 1ic, Judicial 61_rouit,�.,•0G';' ',�''�rK.•�• .�14" • erritory of Hawaii, o' 4Pr;rE 0P'� • my Commission expires Feb. 5, 1954 ';, ;1"'''' . Nntered of Record,thin 3rd day or October A. D. 1950 at .3':41'•"•` • o'clock 1':1i. and compared. Mark N. Huakestein;Registrar of Conveyances l • . • • p'r f/ Olirk • .. • , t h3FR2385 Pa F 397 • • WARRANTY DEED ' • '1H11TH1:.\1:1a111 KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE.PRESENTS that HARRIS A. DOSS, - 4•;.` ''''~ f"i a married man whose Wife's name is ANGELICA F. DOSS, residing• 1 • �1�1) • - - N1 in Hilo, Hawaii, County and Territory of Hawaii; hereinafter '15 -, ,,T,T,1 called the Grantor, for-and in -consideration of the sum of 'INTER\tL 11E11.4.1'17 • . �li ,;:^'��:-.?''{ ' TEN (1d) DOLLARS, and other good,and valuable consideration :' - .cit...-rj:`:,I. to him' in hand.paid by, ISAMU OSAKO and HARUYO OSAKO, husband ., I li 1,,4 \,J and wife, residing in Hilo, aforesaid, and hereinafter• called ,„; . ' .; .. the Grantees, haw sold and,by these presents does hereby •, .e rn_;aa, d • 1 N111"1)117.11 n.a.]1/ bargain, sell,- assign and convey to the said Grantees, 'as e ;i.. ii t • ' ' Tenants by the Entirety,' that certain piece or parcel of OACUMENTAAY r • '_,; land•.lying and being 'at Waiakea, in the District of South „;..•:•.. - Hilo, County and Territory of Hawaii, being Lot No. 2' in 0q11,, »anti; Block No. 4 OUIUMINVAAY • 3 of the Waiakea House lots, and described by - 0: I ' metes and bounds in Land Patent Grant No. S500, as follows; 11 •Y1 al•ii''�` - • BEGINNING at a galvanized lion spike and ahu at , . itiCt.--1 !!:: the Northwest corner of this lot and the Northeast corner_ . • of Lot 1, on the South side of Lanikaula Avenue, the coordi= ' Hates' & said point of beginning referred to Government SurK,ey . W . Trig. Station "Halal•":being 3493.0 feet South and $791.0 4 • feet East, as shown on Government Survey Registered Map 'No. V 2566, and-running by true azimuths:' - • ' irGESS . -1.: 270° , 00' 100.0' '.feet along the South,side of . . •' • ,,�} Lanikaula Avenue to a galvanized . '''r` - iron Spikeand ahu; . . tz 'ItLot 3 to a 2. 360° 00' 200.0 feet along galvanized' • ciron spike and ahu , • 'y 0 v c • 3., •90° 00' • 100.0 . feet along government land to a . '-• -. v O. . -' -galvanized iron spike and ahu; . fp s 0 y a • '4;• ' 1S0° 00' ' .200.0 feet along Lot 1 to the point of . "' o .2 •=., .• beginning and containing an area D ' (j y* - of 20,000 Square Feet-more or less. v t . ° ' = The parcel of.land hereinabove described is the same • >, v a Ew me ' , - . parcel of land which was conveyed to the said Grantor by 0 1.. ..- to•vl p . • ' . , —1— - - i—. • t 2385 pact 398 . ' - • ' Jack Khilianu,•by deed'dated January 17, 192S, .and' recorded '. , in the Bureau of Conveyances in Honolulu, in Book 922,, page 352. TOGETHER with all: and singular, the rights, tenements; - privileges and appurtenances thereto belonging or in any , wise appertaining. . .� TO HAVE AND 'TO HOLD 'the same,unto the said. Grantees, ' ' as Tenants by' the Entirety, their•assigns,. the survivor of ' . them, and the heirs, executors,. administrators and assigns of the survivor of them in fee simple forever. • • AND• the said Grantor, for himself; his heirs, executors ' and administrators does hereby c•overiant and agree .to and with, the said Grantees, their assigns., the survivor of them, •and '' ' • . the heirs., executors, 'administrators and Assigns of the r survivor of them, that he �:s the owner in fee simple of the ` ' • • above described premises; that there are-no encumbrances on the'same; that he has good right and lawful authority to sell•and"convey the same as. aforesaid; and that he will,, ` warrant and defend, the title to the same against.the lawful, demands ode q1l persons: , - a ' . . a , n` - , ' , I • t t • .AND" Angelica 'F.'Doss, the wife 'of' t•Ye . said Grantor, for ' and in,consideration-of the,premises, has assigned and 'conveyed ,, 0, ' • to the said Grantees 'and 'does hereby assign and convey to the O said Grantees all of'her 'right, title"and interest in,and to ' d'jy ,� + � ' the property hereinabove described 'including all of•her••'dower '' ", and right of dower and thirds in and to the said property and , including any and all community property rights .therein and • , thereto., • • , . 'IN 'WITNESS WHEREOF 'the said.Grantor and his said - •^ wife have hereunto set their hands this' JA 4 day of ' . • • September, A. D '. 1950• R . ' 1 �ld�!-�• U1', A/o e-+4 .. . , ..I R . , . ‘ - • - • • • V •//lfl/f-l^_�i�/• /V,-,jf„ I//f1/,`/j{t • t . f f k • I_IBER2 8� �'�t ' 9 • THIRD CIRCUIT ), , • • .COUNTY OF HAWAII • ) SS: . • „ + TERRITORY OF HAWAII ) . • - • ' . On this. //r*day of September,-A. D. 1950; before • •me personally appeared HARRIS A. DOSS AND ANGELICA F. DOSS, , • • to me known.to be the persons•described in-and who executed . • the foregoing instrument and acknowledged to-me that they • - •' :�,'t; exeauted the same as their free act and deed.. • , • • . • : r.n. ., ., „ . ' ' ,..)- ig.c.......e,:, A....A..szu. '- • 'CJ. • Notar�rl Public; Third Circuit ' ' y.7 • - • Territory o.f Hawaii ;;T'u',:,',`•.My commission expires.:, 5, /. . �; - - - 'Entsred•oY Record this , 3rd day,of October A. D. 19U0 at 3:42 o'olockp.M. and compared,. -Mark-N. RucKeatein�'Registrar of ConveyLalcefs. . I I- \ . . n. • • .• .. ihr ovritp.omil CierP • . -• • r • •+ . , ' '�' l • - 1 s s ls . 1 `. e Ka35 O a •w ,' , , r , . > c. 3 0o m" ° c �'w 3 r c s n . a S ;� 4 1t 4oi �o F , ^ :i m. t , i •A, tt 4. 3X. ; 0 e a g3 41pp 4oprt : C 0: �N`-.. • • i °3? .30 ; ,} a - = 3Y , 40� 40H - Y •• - I—N`. �•. ag,1 W R .V m� . ' a eao : , •a4.o ; , .. „ , , „ , d a •, o- n w p m • Y oa . a y K •t g o F. mSS St 'g ` HLVH , . •I•Ia •11I .I . IT F •, ; , 111111111i . l ; 1 a ', u 11 w, a re I. .v r i • . - , i r Y ! I f I , I 1 I '. i r 1 't l I y ; ^ .•Ig. o I1 ill l ' • l i i-I i I l I I I 1 F t t 1 1 I l Im . • 1 i 1 1I Y Yt p o .. < or F. i . , p 1 S 1 F F(( {j i d , I { ((( l 2 I , a- '.� e f i , 1 = . i i : f - 11 i i FF I j 7 P o '11 f 1 tII ? a 0.' u 0.' u ' m c o t,. o t i 1 ! [ 1 I • } • 1 i 1 i• J i Q i 1 i , m : i 1 . i . . I 1 - • • i t f i . ' I F i I i i t i 1 - 1 ; 4 G i , 1 I r , , j I i I I i- I • F I s i k ; i I I .I 1 , f •9 ., a' ' ' . i t I ! I 1 t gC tr o I II ( I I 14 ,P • r 4 A , = , i Ill Y ; 1 l 'Aliliga.:; 4111 * I " i ' 1 F I , i I ik1 : 1 ; i r • , l : t 1 i ` ' II 1 ! ' c • o n o a' n •I o` g n - r , , • lilt I , 1 i I 1 'e I 1 • i i I •. • ......�.. • • . 1 • I t * I Y F l F 3 . : .: I ? 1 ' 1 I i : ill • K F p o n oGm R F 1 o G Fif ' i Y ,.�__ i HI. r • 1 , , it j 4} t unpaid t:,::c:; a.a:I assessments upon or against said premises including43V a l I tax gas :n assessments for theyear 1028. I�in in v4 3 rR , In witness whereof the Grantor has caused those presents to be o s O i xecnted ani its corporate seal hereunto affixed by its officers th,..•. ,:ts�h duldulyauthorised the day ':nd year first above written.n. 4`` U 'a 0(Co:'psratoSe t1) Young ?Monts Christian Association of v v" p a2 a Tionolulu, % i- o O By Hobt. Anderson, Acting President ands .`.7, 4^t: "a*iii Ti 'trustee. 1 By Chas. G.'reiser, Jr. Treasurer tMd Trustee. 3,. F. J. Lowrey, Trusted. Territory of Hawaii ) ) as. City sni Gratuity of Honolulu) On this 3rd, day of February, 1023, before ne ;ersr_.nal l g' :appeared Robert Anderson, Charles G. Reisery and P.J. Lowrey, to me personally known, who being by me duly sworn, did say: That the said Robert Anderson and Charles G. Hciscr/are the Actin, President and Treasurer respectively and ex officio Trustees, and that tsar; said F.J. Lowrey is a Trustee of Young Manta Christian Association of Honolulu, the corporation described in and that executed the foregoing instrumnnt; that the said three constitute a majority of the Trustees .af s,.id corporation; that the seal affixed to said Instrument is the corporate seal of said corporation, and that said instrument u:mert was signed and executed by then on behalf of said corporat- ion and "y authority of its Beard of Directors; and the said Robert Anderson, Charles G. Heiser.;and F.J. Lowroy acknowledged the said instrument to be the free act and deed of said corporation. a (Notarial Seal) Chester Livingston, Notary Public, I"irst Judicial Circuit, Territory of Hawaii. :Cotner of record this 4th day of February A.D. 1928 at 10:26 orclock (I ., f IA.M.Mand compared.. >, 1.5-• .. Rc istrar of Conveyances. (( f Ja a k DEED. -� Est)1 n nu F�',OPdI 'c r:f. This Indenture mat.tc this 17tda;; of January 1928 by and between • J®%.`•.�•+•• ) .face I:alli•r:ru. of Hilo, Hawaii, Territory of Hawaii, hereinafter called. 020 To 1:he "'Irar.tor" and Harris A. Doss of Hilo, Island of Hawaii, Territory ��? R f of uwall, hereinafter culled the "Grantee" � +.,' •'•'" t1 Harris A. 4�` 0' i Doss. Witnesseth: That the said Grantor, for and in consideration of i Deed the sum of Fifteen Hundred Dollars (•;,1500.00), to him in hand paid by I 'it the said Grantee, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, does hereby grant, bargain, sell and convey unto the said Grantee amyl his heirs and assigns forever, all that parcel of land containing an area of 20,000 sq. ft. situate at Waiakea, Hilo, Hawaii, being Lot 2, Block 43, Waiakca Houselots, as shown on registered Map No, 2566, First Land District and comprising all of land mentioned and described in Land Patent (Grant) 8900 issued to Moses Doiron and thereafter conveyed to Grantor heroin on January 30, 1926. To have and to hold the said granted premises, together ,rithall ' improvements, rights, easements, privileges and appurtenances theAunto belonging or appertaining or held and enjoyed therewith unto the said Grantee, his heirs and assigns forever. And the said Grantor does hereby for himself, his heirs, executors and administrators covenant with the said Grantee his heirs and assigns, that he is lawfully seized in fee simple of said granted premises, that the same are free and clear from all incumbrancos, save and except a mortgage on the same, which Grantor herein agrees in consideration hereinabove mentioned to discharge and deliver a reloase of the present incumbrance. And I, Alana Kailianu, wife of said Grantor for and in considera- tion aforesaid do hereby release, relinquish and sell, all my right, title and interest, including my dower interest, in and into the above described premises unto the Grantee, his heirs and assigns forever. In witness whereof the said Grantor and the said Alana Kailianu have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year first above • written. Jack Kailianu (Seal) Alana Kailianu. (Seal) Territory of Hawaii) ) ss. • County of Hawaii. ) On this 181day of January 1928, before known to me to be me personally appeared Jack Kailianu and Alana Kailianu, the persons T.v ft..O. V.V. described it and who executed the foregoing instrument, and acknowl- edged to me that they executed the same as their free act and deed. (notarial Seal) T.E.M. Osorio, Yotary Public, 4th Judicial Circuit, Territory of Hawaii. Entered of record this 6th day of February A.D. 1928 at 9:45 otclock RR 1.N a A.L. and compared. ACS * .._ 6v f �r1r(\ Registrar of Conveyances. / +lR ' 4 01 ik . 4 GRANTEE INDEX ISLAND OF HAWAII . ••f., line..t,,,• GRANTLL GRANTOR Dm el bottom 1te•41 Pu. Moot Raw( el aw( Na Am,a,R.P.et Gnu N.er•IA. DwN IITUAitON oi t. Yoe{ Atmt. Ln,:Gut • liana Co, Jv1y `33 193e 11 401 Stu,.e6_1p36.(e•w Lrn9tts A1a 43t41ry1 o!ri)) - _-__La•4^YA71os4.• (Menke) _4n11„ I Dr tal0ua,14anah Bled,!blurt•K. . tay I 39 1934 ._. , 140,e63 4 tz _ ,,,,S3.3431,A 2.7.7904 1631.4214 , _ _ .11.4141.11 1 • L.Lau . • L. Was,.t.l0a byia,Ylelet at al,M 04a. Ass. 19 1917 .,_. „ 914 270 • , 31 „,.44 7 312.301 „ fatal!¢Best.. D.Dila 7 ,• D, 4ta4¢n1,Taupe• 5.s••M,:RAW, 3•5t. 1 1131 . •.,,_ . 94 11e, Lett. .4 _• .,teat 3A 212.17 Cr.e713 h1•l.•Seta.Sat.Snot• * • nada,4143..ct N. . Sthanl••,211raa,t*9.A b0.(3.2.„No. 17.1910 ,. 139 1e9 ! • Ie41a Nale,et 130.2114•4.e6.t¢la4 .t D.4p•la t 0./14. Sin hlre,X.el al + • L.k.¢er.•1• ray 2 1136 ._,,,.•, 00a.1e3, ' 110 «, 1t4.3a1C.,➢16Lt,et6➢.,¢t0o f17Cu•., 1¢Ae. Ulm/am SA ,„1...4n„ Y n/l lii ) eito.BmK6.Atmt.ie•3767 6t Lat 6 L2'•:..41• 034.0 711t4o ).. hl.ha 211s Car IAA. 1 192A _,.__,_.,p63 30{ „ ,.1 +((+((((ii4.tetla¢eter7•taol.,0eap,ea..,_„�_, 7.14..B.sat4t. 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De es_bl,:.„� , 3.ponut.•.LCtatJ.1e4, Lil: 1 Aam4 ., „'... + ,.. , . . • + .1• . ` 3D ,,,,A.4r•Ap2 eths a4aD,.311e.,,•, „» _ ,- 140tD .71a1t•ml.4b0S0 . • .31h,D.4meae P.4Fet k7 Tre Salt 411024( .,,. ..- ,970 313 ,-.,..2, _54.71,473.49.9 a 1e4e 1.1a.,1• , BOalw .,.L.tan • ( ,! Moue Lall04s,Llre43•.1.1 - n .2usu7•,TAU;by Je0.. Las. 194192e _.. ..•'.....•'....-...... . ,p.0•4e 13.1...,-.44optlos.,t.r4la 7007031,74111 Dot.,3033 A vs•,ehoo04 t,Slot"411.ais { Sato,A tut.1 « r.,:id:pi, •ifir,,,,,i,i, r". : -.1. . : : -y .. .. ..,,, . ...... ..,-. 1 e. - . . - 4.,: ,:..., i.,, .: -,. -:,..twi 1 . ,,. :=.t. .,, i...,-,-,.„ ,. I'I• , i1 ' } leer heirs, executors, administrators and assigns in'fee simple forever. ►.; ` !. And in consideration aforesaid tbp••grantor, its heirs, executors 1t , I•and administrators, hereby covenants to and with the grantee,.her heirs, ' administrators and assigns, as'•follows: That, at the time of the execution hereof, the grantor is well and , :t truly seized of a free and unencumbered• estate in fee simple in and•to d: the whole of the said described property, and that it has good right ,and lawful authority to convey the same as herein; that it will forever 1 • t••, •warrant and defend the title hereby conveyed against the lawful claims 41k j `of ,a 11 persons. 1 In witness whereof the said grantor has caused these presents to ( be executed by its proper officers thereunto duly authorized this day ! and year first above written. I• , (Corporate Seal) The Realty Investment Company, Limited. By P.C. Beamer, Its President. 1 _ By W.H. Hill, Its Treasurer. F i Territory of Hawaii) ) ss. 'Jr County of Hawaii. ) On this 19th day of October, 1928, • -ate Q U before me personally appeared P.C. Reamer and W.H. 'Hill, who, being by . 4 ,,, tn v t , ra. me duly sworn, did say, that they are respectively the_Preiident and „,15s U o ' Treasurer of The Realtylnvestment Company, Limited, and that the seal 7-7 o •E H :� affixed to said instrument is the corporate seal of the said corporat- 041 o o g ion, and that they signed arid sealed the said instrument for and on om `a 6 4 I behalf of the said corporation by the authority of its Board of 2 5 .' y ,l + Directors, and the said P.C. Reamer and.W.H. Hill each and severally „- a - O o : o u 1 acknowledged said instrument to be the free act and deed of the said , corporation. `" • 1 (Notarial seal) Fred W. Koehnen, Notary-.Public, EI . I , 4th Judicial Circuit, Territory of Hawaii. I. j 1 Sztered 'df record this 22nd day of ,October.A.D. 1928 at 9:15 o'clock 1 . i' .Y,A .•and compared. ,�,, � ��� _..4% .Registrar of Conveyances. �/ Ilv, R•Hinry, W., I 1 D E E D • t ZCialoha= 1 ' 1-pauol.1 ! This Indenture, mad* and executed an this 20th day of .October, i ,{ , 1; ; 1928, by and between Henry W. Xealohapauole, widow*r,,Keauktha, �'°�.91, �`ig To ;� t.: District of'South Hilo, County and-Territory.of:Hawaii, ,hereinafter . la :0 1'!, ! ' :i ;,' cali*d the Grantor, party.of the first part, and,Jack 'Kailianu' os the 't:, ]LJf} l.an i esaae.place, hereinafter called the Grant**, part of;;.the°'second part, Ili,: ii'IL Ill II_ s1,:i•'� 1! I ,, t , ..t .•#•; .} • i''•,.t '':1 , '•" 144;s".*"ash.�;.i J •,IV .f"••4a;;Yt•%:1 1-1f- .'- wr�;�.At.r.",••w.^i ;c +r?.W. : �: `s ��' .�'A:y-r�„ � r'S-.''7� ,3. r'`r x- •j� • V' J ,w ; � .. -4rJa� �r � i°: vy 7 ;�.' w• , F. "i� • ' ',' L;• .d.j'' i.4 .`?l.:••:" �'rC" .•^.'.:.Vr.i::.^ y :� r . r4=rx+,. `;t..%,A� rs.ti . '� a r ,t.Pf.: • ti• . le+.;:,4`3, ` °`. ;:.�+ t '.N•..,i-r. r ,.s. jzti "•",„ eM • i, . 'z + i. , i:Y-., ;'•)i ..'?;. •i, }- .,;;"e% ,„.,, y,'fY', f•gEr • • itr • • _ n a, r- _ S ^Mis • • r�: ': r'"tis _ — _ , •� a ' • ` ',t ` 3 ' r ` t .ISC^ S.•`. r: .-. €€7 . •r. c?'. •f' * `,t. • .k , \ .. • ;"+x ' ti^'` }^Hyra-" ... -* i+•. id4 • _`.•..,� .0itlesseth: .i That the•Tgr ito • 3or:an441iu..c iiderati �of the.-a uua( '. :=m,4 e-l�•r"Nen.•i:,',j • _ " + . "'t7 YI ' . sue .C..,, .y :.. ':.;4. 1+S i ••, „ ( ^ , .. : z' :+"` ?"od *Fir teeri.NUndred' i500.00j:Dollar+i o•' idk• i , •' `. i i,: .. :: a �• lo• . � � `' ::.recei t of whichiihoreb� aokaowlidS%d;'hi;:.,sold , id�deiir' b?Aii�, • . ;;.T e r# _? '_' : , ':; ▪ " ' 'grant, bargain and 'sellunto=said;arantie• yl' ot•tl ti'.or'taii •:peosr or=. : t: • • 'ofland • '` '` 'i parcel 'situatq, lying and'being utwwaiakei in .the:District::elf ~'r- ;K,::,F South Silo Island .^ .;.'' .--• • a, ,%. ±f;;; ';;:f 1 and,.Territoryrof,•Rawaii,''•be ortion=' •-�'r� ' `• Patent•(Grant) Nu:0er. 7186, %to t= F} h;J;,`t, k•, ''yf•'. '•issued the,(}rari• tor')aretii;f'thuiebound�dc� . and described: w • , : • '.; '1.•'• t,.R.„'h • •'' '; Beginning at aof•said'' •Beg g poiat.an the Northern bouad'ar�► ~�Pi►te"'••••-I ' ' ••t ,'.`_ 7186, 113 feat We i om.'its •`• '• , ` ` r '; ;' ``,, Win. R , . .• F.'? sterly f Northeast ''ooinner;tlmd•>troms'saiid-pointi-:oit .- inain bytrice: • t:. `` > beginning esimuth• s as.Tell'own: • . "' • • • ,' < 1. 69° "561 202.5 feet • '. • ,`` ':• _ ±;t+r 2. 351• 411 106.7 feet; i • :,., , 3: 271' 131 229.2 feet,-' . • � . " w { 4. 210• 171 2 • 5.0 feet; .• ` • ' , .: .• V` •:. 5. Northerly veerin .West•-1►10 feetacrossy •▪ ; g Patent -'7186'•to•�point ,. , • • of`beginning; area 0.83 acre;`lOil • - `' - `•,1$+• ' Together with' all avid singular`the...rights ton ve 1• i e • s '•�"▪•."' nts :end'li r`eili ta= {r •mente thereunto 'belonging or in'anywise.appertaining;. ` ' havehold, • •t`. ': To and to said'described.property�unto.•,the' tee 4 `•: his hel • , • . :, , r ' �'�, aa, executors.,•-administrator's',and' assigns'`4tee e ?to rev : iaple er., . And, in consideration aforesaid,'•the rantor; • i'heirs ` • " , r•: •i. r • and admini'atra'•tors,'• hereby'covenants'to and:with'•tb 7 ,i• ' sraiitee; `his;lielri4; - r� administrators` and assigns,t'as'follows: • • •• 'Y• ;° , •' • ',' •`'t That, at •• :.. I• :. ; '' .�- R'; • " s.? time of ecutio t'4 ,, , ,$•,,a. •.the the 'ex a her'eof•,:`the grantor':�irw4s •a0 • - ; l2• d: �k of a tree and un b, red es r v •'^ " • ` • ' bruly seised rs snouts a tate�"in•' Jee;�siinple•`=ia=i;ttd'to�•• � l • t" ' the whole h le of the said described o e .•a t lie •``. =t-. ,r* : 4•t Pr P rty, =icl"tla4i :had°'wg-cod;'rg2iC•> •-- :.,,,II, and 'lawful authority;to convei,'the ,same ai:-fie oin••Y -`''''I fi ,•' ►t'he+will;rlorsier • s~ warrant +"• •r°••+ ,,[•. •`• \Cl' and defend the tittle-hereby=cone inir Tea,ate �•�t.�ie;3airtul�alelai� ,"• ,N Pe ions:, . •"` •. ,:"l ',.•f:�' :': 4;�-^,:;.r,,x of;411 r :fr, ; ;. ;':' Nr17:�' r:41, "�•: • •. a .. - • , • r•:r t' •'•'Z. 'ft X' �,"•. '.Y`L'.• •'+.•�•• •• .,'7.." ..t •s,.•-„fit 'In.witnessr,whereof'rthe•'sai�� raator�hai:-lie feetlaii"�`.a ! 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"County Of Hawaii.. )° '`=+`cOgr• tY is 2Ct1i.= ,:•., a yr A r5 y Co. }' T:o!a Dot bin;r 1928l: b'eli r +y.:N`r:-�,;�,-.._,,,a,,+�,' t _ me personally.•h+ are ' r lv' .,t ^. 4, ' ••r•`r.. �° .•• ,,�, .• "•,, :^•=v' '��.ci #:; r'='��- 'y�' ti�'r. ;appe d'SQnrTtll:N SealbiiiiiA ole:;x o n ']iiaoRn4�to:lies tlii A`-:li'i=4-` ;14-', { ` ,},x»-., y ^;r,• y`^ +,"^• .-a a;:'' `: t. •r.»'` • t'`C'rF_•� *,$w r%'«',• '`iy'Ni,r' nd..wh T• , ti.. 4{n'•: .r : .,t.�` ` . s, rt:.k:1i1 h4r^ MIST/1 • Porsoa.'desoribed°`inya •''"iw=: •�. f�`� r �„�+•�� /;�' z�: 'y - •` r.; �,aa-�..f• === ,! y IS • 4 D,,•i� Q.itedl MYi1:0:?•.V`T aL '�-a''z T,i43 L�'h.".•j{`,�;1,7e ';r41: ,•i^::aii.',r. 2` • v ..k. �.,t�.• N'K�Mx at � ��' . rusMnt'.''aad t..i.. 'f�',+.' r:. Y+• p;,i}.ry..: ' :4'+ t2 0 „ir. f,.- >.<i.; Ltir'; i•+r.Y„-.�.;t fx .2^r�.., v •2:' \ ,. L.a .. ' + . •r. , • r;te } ",•%•1^ ram'. OlenO'4�1 >'S.; '.+. 'S:+.'' 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"`"4a�n9•11• 't *1 {: a'"Y 'j,,1'.5 r f ' 'r" `�, S1:xe s••• sr LrrY.,R• > _t`ir'. ... .i�":`'3,.t�"- ';1:•r •'r• •;: .I .:'1 r .,,..i' ,Fro z `:*+•'�f".,;• •4,4 :gt�:s�,yg.� ,,y' d%'',r, -Vif ,'I... ,.. •'.�''�..,+` rw'+ , ,,t Y .r (•''•yr•,);�' '+".t`'�„) -' ,`.1:.1' rt. z4'•''N- L` R4t.} �•• _tr't�,, W •'Zt L,•7•?;;'":rUs.:iz'•'t} t+,1 �, 'x .i• •••• .`Y''' .'r• ,is.x;a fceti'* •x:.i"+i'�r.` .?:yz 1/41. "50nrelS. . tae ^rjit',4 f:" 2V t,fttiill 1Xl_'.i-i ��r ig;js5j2y "S. : f•.°`� jrLz g. G"r ':fz 'ti 2L.,,3 g.4.-n^P••y� r^ r: ,.Z'>`s G�s.,y`tt',. • 4.., -11,11V,1-Pril'illr; III ir : ' ..., -- -----, - i. ------- --• 1--, --: --..•:: -' .," -7.-.• -7-1.:::c., .•-. .. •, 1- 0 11,106... ‘4 ;.'::.!. --'•\ • . ' '!• i' :: : , ..1 ;:f' 1 4 . ., • .: . . - ' • 4. .- .t,,• ;.; . .,. . . .. ; = ' :t If t ii,, t I ' : - • ,. (Notarial ea Sl) , Fred,.WI_Pehnen,.Notary Public, .,1; .., • o .• - 4 ., . . 4th JudicialCircrilit, Territory of Hawaii., „ . Entered of record this 22nd day of October A.D. 1928 at 9:15 o'clock A .. and compared. „14...1,,ef.".... .L..-' .wer...Ltsgistrar of Conveyances. .1i5. . , i• :, , :,.• ,; ,• - . • •:- . • .e . . ` .4 • . I LIZZiai l'IC• i : t This Indenture made and entered into. this 18th, day of October 1928 'Davis by and between Lizzie Kahaanapilo Davis of.Honolulu, Territorz of Harrel ,,,,-„,•• ." • 1 party of the first part, and John Kalauso Jones pf said. Honolulu,. party .- . . • 1 ' 1 . To lot the .second part, • • . ; , Y . -. ik„ • Witnesseth, that the said party of the first part,for and in con- ', .John K. ;Jones ' sideration of the premises and of one dollar to said party of the first ; part in hand paid by said party of the secrailpart, the receipt whereof Tr./Deid ' ' • is hereby acknowledged, does by these presents give,. grant, sell, transfer, convey and assign unto said party of the aecondpert, all of :. . the right, title and interest of said party of the first part in and . 1: • , 1 to any property of whatsoever name, :nature and or despription, whether - ' real, personal or mixed, wheresoever the same may be Situate? arising 1 , . • ,out iip(ii of and from the relationship of said party of'the ...first „petit to 4 . . ,.... . . John Young Olohana Davis and Xall'ihiwa his wife,„fathersa.1.14ffifithera , , 7 , . . . ..„ . said party of the first part, and or either dr boti,of there;i•.....t..4'.or:en . V, • ,,`•••, ';'.1.,,:lr", . of their relatives or descendants or the relatives Or deisienagiri. toOk I '', . either of them;, and also all of the right, titles and ditte#sat 'of,said . , • • , ,ssst-S1"t"";‘, •". '.; '. ''. -pi. ,..--."' ''.'i•' party of the first part in and to the estate of Lusky."Reabiilyi or /titity , • , .,,. , ....z..1!;!:, , ....., 1 , .;:, . •..... K. Peabody deceased; and also all the right, Adtla,";and...inielrest of sii. ,• .4,,,,,,P. r, „ C- 1 . party ot• the first part in. any and all proPerty,...real, ,pereonalOr• • I. '„ • mixed which said party of the first mart noy.mayir,447e.or;seiet. heireetter, • .2,t 'S • • . 4 ' .,,....-. .. .,.....,..1.4 ‘5,,,•,:.,:cs,-4.,.. ..:•t". - .1 aequire, wheresoever the same *ay be situate., ,, , :4' '•4.:%t :.jr".F,'..i '1'' f. ill till'e I. '. "..;'r I * ' 10041,,i.`ft't .1 . And the said party of the second part ..1.15- her#Z,44*Onsiiiili 'Sower' 111It •' ', , .: . . 1,• : . .' ' : '-'•,',?42.-„a4.,,„_$1.iiilgAi '''.„,,,'-'71: • . ,:; 1.' 1 • and-authority to sell and "dispose of,•iinyt.and:or'*11,!..411ktetine;''4:1; myi ": * 14.,i , !:' ! • — .' , .. . , ,.... . , . •-••,,,,,..,,,ge,,, ,q141,',V':z41';'4I• 1q.,-,.."..-:P*.:;:r:,..-•:"..`:1, i.., ri t ••• , . . said and or estate for such price or .pribeseaa'ne..ma- Y,'detr e . . ,property . • . .7 .. i rs,4r;.4 si.‘," t.- .,.:;•4.i.s..1.; e I.11.l'" 'I''' ' 1 11 1 f ' be properadequate o r e !IL 1!?C119i th rotor d tci • ' i•R•rF11a0 191.7 ••"'''''''' '' •,11;11' '.1' ' ' ;1. 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This cover sheet is for the certified copies of Royal Patent: Land Commission Award: Grant: $10(0 • • Total Pages: (Including This Page) I hereby certify that the foregoing document is o true and correct copy of the document archived on film in the Deportment of Land and Natural ssmirces,Kolanin oku Minding, 11 Si Punchbowl Street,Honolulu,Hawaii. Dated: Honolulu,Hawaii,this l.0 day of. 1C&vxucry• ate,g(4) dittaw 11—dfriesuao- Registrar,Moreau of Conveyances Department of Land and Natural Resources y lY Land Patent No. 8 9 0 0 / (Groot) Asa e . .£hr- 1l I: 01" MUM LOTS ! 1AW1MG. DECE f 3M. 1911.. ' Mir `t i razwirT out Barra#o* of Ma Iterpotfonoof ilaroaii, 40itrOr itli rl+zll rfh.cZr4n1s of thr MUM Mich'of°ilvrrr'it'tx rrt� l QJ`liti --- ' 'Cr'7,1tory of ilo,toaiir ,aid in uecor$arice with the prov}si one of Act 33, Sanction Saws of IaTrail 1915, validated by an Act of Congress approved February 6, 1925, 7rar rfac kltowar io n11 nti it.that ha has s lh(?.y 1'rrrlrlerllr7Ul oortt/il'ire gnu /LOSES S. DOIRON tor the COrtsi(Z(7'a/Port Paid Arlo flag TizasUrw ttbc VItat,of ONE HUNDRED 'FIFTY -_----- and 00/100 .1)onars, z- 150.00—. rind for the further consideration of his 'having complied with the terma and oohditiot a of Special Sale Agreement No. 504, al of thc.loiu7 sila alc crt. W'AT A irr. ('he Disteria of sot 3IL0 --- Aland of,Ratan—linurrrlcrt rrrit7.r7ctsctriGr( as:fallouts:, Waiake& house Iota. Lot 2, 'Block 45, Beg. /tap 2566, let Land Diet. Beginning at a galvanized iron spike and Chu at the gorth- west corner of this lot and the tlortheast corner of Dot 1, on the South side of Lani.kaula Avenue, the coordinates of said point of be- ginming referred to Governsent Survey Trig, Station *ThilPio being 3493.0 `feet South and 8791.0 feet Karat, as shovai on Government Sur- vey .Registered 1tap No, 2566, and running'by true azimuths:- 1. 270s 0Q1 100.0 feet along the South side of 1ani_kaula Avenue to a galvanized ixbn spike and ahu; 2. .6.0° 00t 200.0 feet along Lot S to a. galvanized iron spike and ahu; 3, 90° 001 100.0 feet along goverment .lend to a golirenized iron spike and chu; 4. 180a 00 t 200.0 feet along Lot 1 to the point of beginning. AREA 20,000 SQUARE PELT. Land Patent No. 8 9 0 0 1/ (Grant) Tssaed On. SALE Oa^ HOUSE LOTS BY DRAWING, DECELi33ER 31, 1917. THIS P..TDNT the Governor of the Te7'rUo77/ of Hawaii, in conformity with the laws of' the United States of .4nicrica and of the Territory of Tfazvaii, and in accordance with tale proyisi,one of Act 33, Session Laws of Hawaii 1915, validated by an Act of Congress approved February 6, 1925, 4 makes fin own.to all men that he has this day ,rimed and confirmed unto ROSES K. DOIRON for the consideration.of—his —havint paid into the Treasury the.sun?,of ----ONE HUNDRED FIFTY and 00/100 Dollar's, 7 150.00--. and for the further consideration of his having complied with the, terms and conditions of Special Sale Agreement No. 504, all of the land situate at WAIAKEA in. the District of SOUTH HILO Island of—Emu-- hounded and described as'follows: Waiakea House Lots. • Lot 2, Block 43, Reg. Map 2566, 1st Land. Dist. Beginning at a galvanized iron spike and ahu at the North- west corner of this lot and the Northeast corner of Lot 1 , oz the South side of Lanikaula Avenue, the coordinates of said point of be- ginning referred to Government Survey Trig. Station "Halai" being 3493.0 feet South and 8791.0 feet East, as shown on Government Sur- vey Registered Map No. 2566, and running by true azimuths:- I. 270° 00' 100.0 feet along the South side of Lanikaula Avenue to a. galvanized iron spike and ahu; 2. 360° 001 200.0 feet along Lot 3 to a galvanized iron spike and ahu; 3. 90° 001 100.0 feet along government land to a galvanized iron spike and ahu; 4. 180° 001 200.0 feet along Lot 1 to the point of beginning. AREA 20,000 SQUARE FEET. r37 Cj Land Patent No. 8 9 0 0 :, (Grant) ASV erl On. S,LE gyp^ HOUSE LOTS BY DRAWING, DEC11R 31, 1917. THIS P4TEXT the Goaernor of' the Territory of Hawaii, in conformity with the laws of the United States of ✓in.cri•ca and of the Territory of Hawaii, and in aceordence with tie proyji i,gns of Act 33, Session Laws of Hawaii 1915, validated by en Act of Congress approved February 6, 1925, ma7,cs lriton7n.to all, men that he has this day°ranted and cort.Jirmed canto MOSES K. DOIRON for the consideration of—his —having'paid into the Trcaszary the sum , of ONE HUNDRED FIFTY and 00/100 Dollars, r'— 150.00 and for the further consideration of his having complied with the terms and conditions of Special Sale Agreement No. 504, 11111111111111 , . . , 39 I ha: f.4 ..: • , . •-• „ t• '• .` Attached hereto and made a part of Grant 8900. • Go ernor of Ha ft.07' 1CSS. Commissioner of Pub/to Lands Ho said" ,itory of he Grecct this D. 192,4 • • • _ • form: .47/1A-1-407— eral. , „, ` IIf ai . r , i r • L i • 'l. • � I i i t di I l t 4 � ! .I. % • • ` F. :I 0/mck 34 ' ., ' I - 1 : i i 1. . r 1..I I K I .1 • LAN//t'i9UL,19: J?V, C ' 1 ' i 4`r h r ( • < IP'• no ' °-1 too 0 j ! : I • I Q , ! 2 .3 1 �. • �pp1 - i , ,� 5/oc.%t�,?.: i1 ,,;� :t. �'• .a/oc. • t ... ` j ty zo,Qoo Zo000 2n,oao 2o,000,• {r I I ;`t{ :J.': i. t :rr .1.11....., 1• i '✓ .. } ell; .CI f' ' •• r r?)I , '' r' i. } ,, . . • .....,.,..r- . - , y ' _i t I i .r • ' _ r • �• • • r !I - • t• / } .. • C37oc,L- 43 1 Iti 1 •'I U� .v �crk-eci' J/ous. La is ,.,,,:.1:''.. ' j '� (1 `lQiClKed) SOIJ/Ir bl.,%0.,/ vt'.n, ?!. , ••�,. • '1 ' ` ' !,+' t , I ' r 'i •• ' 1 I/ ' '• •1 • 1, a III ' it l• • • ' S' I I..:,'.t. - . !...1. ; ! i i.f •. ,i• ••. } 1. 9 I `7 9 0. 40 0441. C071tailli77_, 20.000 Spuare Peet .dries,more or less. TO I1.d T'E .dYD TO 11'OLD the above granted Lan d 7671io the said MOSES K. DOIRON and. —his—heirs a.TU1 assigns forever, IX WITNESS 1VIIEREOF, The Governor of the Territory of Ila(vaii has hereGo set his hand and caused the Great Seal of i.h.e Territory to be hereto,to affixed, this i BY THE GOT'ERNOh': .... .... . ,...._. Co712.177iss orecr of Fab c Lands. Approved as to form: leum,49 Deputy Attorneyy General. C� Co Certified •B : Ryoko Robertta Osakok" `�` f .` 1{ft7� Title Of Office: yPrivate Attorney General _ . ! ii -- 19, 2026 r -' . 4—Mi Dated: January UCC FINANCING STATEMENT NON-UCC Official Document Fil ng Per FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS Registered Mail #: RE 206 956 267 US A.NAMES PHONE OF CONTACT ATSUBMITTER(optional) Date Posted and Recorded Ryoko Robertta Osako phone: (808) 365-4533 �"'�' L 5-7 B.E-MAIL CONTACTAT SUBMITTER(optional) 1 pit; ryokoosako c©gmail.com _h((fi C.SEND ACKNOVVLEDGMENTTO; (Name and Address) ' 8 , o I Ryoko Robertta Osaka -� �"`�",' '� . Private Attorney General 0\ 'i 286 East Lanikaula Street ,i `' ' Hilo, Hawaii Republic By: ;`�$, ., ;. , 1 d L HI 96720-43557 US SEE BELOW FOR SECURED PARTY CONTACT'INFORMATION THE ABOVE SPACE IS FOR FILING OFFICE USE ONLY 1.DEBTOR'S NAME: Provide only one Debtor name(la or 1b)(use exact,full name;do not omit,modify,or abbreviate any part of the Debtor's name);if any part oftheIndividual Debtor's name will not tit tnfine lb,leave all of Item 1 blank checkhere❑and provide the kx9vidual Debtor Information lnitem 10 of the Rnandng statement Addendum(Form UCCtAd) w'— la.ORGANIZATION'S NAME Ryoko Robertta;Osako-an American Royal"Civilly Alive- Living Land"Mining Republic Civis Organization OR lb.INDIYIDUAL'SSURNAME FIRST PERSONAL NAME ADDITIONALNAME(S)IINITIAL(S) SUFFIX lc. MAILING ADDRESS CITY STATE POSTAL CODE COUNTRY c!o 286 East Lanikaula Street Hilo HI 96720-4357 US 2.DEBTOR'S NAME; Provide only=p=Debtor name(2a or2b)(use exact,full name;do not omit,modify,or abbreviate any part of the Debtor's name);if any part of the Individual Debtor's name will nook In Itne2b,Ieavealofitem 2 blank,cited(here 0 and provide the Individual Debtorinformadon In Item 10 of the FlnandngStatementAddendum(Form U0C1Ad) 2a.ORGANIZATION'S NAME ' OR 2b:INDIVIDUAL'SSURNAME FIRST PERSONAL NAME ADDITIONAL NAME(S)/INITIAL(S) SUFFIX 2c.MAILING ADDRESS CITY STATE POSTAL CODE COUNTRY 3,SECURED PARTY'S NAME(or NAME of ASSIGNEE of ASSIGNOR SECURED PARTY):Provide only=tl=Secured Party;tame(3aor3b) 3a.ORGANIZATION'S NAME Ryoko Roberlta Osako-American Principality-Executive Owner Bounty Hunter,Republic Private Attorney General;International Organization OR 3b INDIVIDUAL'SSURNAME FIRST PERSONAL NAME ADDITIONAL NAME(S)/INITIAL(S) SUFFIX 3c.MAILING ADDRESS CiTY STATE POSTALCODE COUNTRY 286 East Lanikaula Street Hilo HI 96720-4357 US A.COLLATERAL:This financing statement covers the toltewing collateral; — As the Bailee-a Principality"Civilly Alive/Derivative Miner"of Age and one having the Full Power of a Private Attorney General;therefore I am by the Bailor's Hawaii Republic Civis Will,Claiming the Bailor's Constitutional 9th and 10th Amendment protected Civilly Alive Rights and Powers and the value of this Royal NON-UCC BAILMENT to be full value,per this U.S.Registered Mail-Bailee/Bailor NON-UCC Royal Mining Claim and Lien over the United States of America-Registered Royal"Living Land"Mine known as the BAILOR-Ryoko Robertta:Osako and all associated RYOKO ROBERTTA OSAKO Royal Mines held under the foreign"Civil Death"claim jumping fraudulent and hidden concealment constructive contracts. Therefore,this"Bailee/Bailor"NON-UCC is a Superior Royal Republic Mining Claim;to demand the restoration of all stolen mining assets and to prevent all future Foreign Claim Jumpers from using their hidden UCC'identity Theft and Civil Death- Claim Jumping"Claims,Liens and Bonds for their Foreign Corporate"Claim Jumping"Beneficial unjust Profits.After 3 days of settlement grace,all unresolved"Claim Jumping Charges"by this Bailee will stand at;$100,000,000,00 per corporation and$1,000,000.00 per individual per Day based upon Title 15 USC§1 for the Fraudulent"Claim Jumper's Claims,Liens and Bonds"that cause a Restriction of this Royal Mine's Right of Trade and Commerce. 5.Check ga(y if applicable and check=Ix one box: Collateral is ®held in aTrust(see UCCiAd,item 17 and instructions) being administered bya Decedents Personal Representative 6a.check gCf it applicable and check gait one box; Sb.Checicgnbt if applicable and checkgone box: ElPublic-Finance Transaction Manufactured-Home Transaction ®A Debtor isa Transmitting Utrldy 0 Agricultural.Lien ®Non-UCC Filing 7.ALTERNATIVE DESIGNATION(d applicable): El Lessee/Lessor 0 Consignee/Consignor 0 Seller/Buyer a Bailee/Bailor 0 Licensee/Licenser 8.OPTiONAL FILER REFERENCE DATA; Article 1 and 9 and 10,IRS rule 340'345,-Sherman Act,US Constitution,FlrstAmendment 14tAmendment;PL79-291;22 USC§288a;15 USC§1&2;46 USC§738573;1868 Expatriation Act;UCC section 9;MillerAct;BabyAct,Article 4 FILING OFFICE COPY—UCC FINANCING STATEMENT(Form UCC1)(Rev.07/01/23) ucci NON,ucc w Pg t K $ " 3 N §ilit 1 . ..1 a ' . 1.1 , ii ; Im r n C t pB ` i sd a FN g I li n Pr•;g 1 a 31 i1 1 , I ! II 3 1 it I 2 ° li A s 1 I f ❑ ofEl 1`g g ' 1 ri, "Ic I ii rA i i i I. {~ a C Illvp 1"-- a_ Cr CD C-),14 =;. t� a•.. -4- rr1 -I- n_ 3*111:0 �� 7_C = 0� , tel , 11 10%4 0 ' T * s W G. 111 ail ow N' a rICI O h El Z N d d a ^ m -I til 0 = CIT , i N d 1-1 m C , t9 ' ,‘. 0 a„, -,... =11 = .410. f .. ; f ' C y C -a, • tin p , e vi0 'e rim P WC) to,4. ( +� C 0 Z —I- i ...„1" C � -t . -- 1- 5 •✓ h 0 S aD FORMS TREASON THE BAR ASSOCIATION is an insurrection /TREASON • Article I, Section 9, Clause 8: No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State. o Esq. = Esquire is a title of nobility o BAR Contracts is allegiance to THE BAR not to the Constitution ARTICLE 3 sec 3 Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-3/section-3/ CAPITAL FELONY TREASON TREASON ARTICLE 3 sec 3 Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-3/section-3/ ALL Oath Of Office Should Be Downloadable PDF on their State Of Hawaii Profile page. Right now it is not. Fundamental basic things ... Article 4 Section 4 : Obligates the federal government to guarantee every state a "Republican Form of government" and protect them against invasion foreign and domestic violence UCC1 NON-UCC Bailee/Bailor - To Be In America The Republic / Declaration of Independence 1776 / Constitutional Right / Republic Form Of Government https://sos.sc.gov/sites/sos/files/Documents/Online%20Filings/ Uniform%20Commercial%20Code/ucc1.pdf Form 56 - Fiduciary Over SSN - in Private Attorney General Capacity. https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f56.pdf GAS SF-30 Contract Modification (For the Identity Theft) UCC § 2A-505. CANCELLATION AND TERMINATION AND EFFECT OF CANCELLATION, TERMINATION, RESCISSION, OR FRAUD ON RIGHTS AND REMEDIES. https://www.gsa.gov/system/files/SF30-16c.pdf GSA SF 1414 - Consent OF The Surety ("YOU"/strawman) the paper fugitive "they" looking for https://www.gsa.gov/system/files/2024-02/SF1414-23a.pdf GSA SF 1416 - Payment Bond https://www.gsa.gov/system/fifes/2024-02/SF1416-23a.pdf GSA SF 1418 - Performance Bond https://www.gsa.gov/system/files/2024-04/SF1418-23a.pdf GSA SF 25 - Performance Bond https://www.gsa.gov/system/files/2026-06/SF25-23b.pdf GSA SF 25A - Payment Bond https://www.gsa.gov/system/files/2024-02/SF25A-23a.pdf SSA 89 - I never consented to you to use my social security number to open those securities or access my securities accounts. https://www.ssa.gov/forms/ssa-89.pdf 14039 - IDENTITY THEFT AFFIDAVIT https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f14039.pdf 14242 - Report abusive tax promotions https://www.irs.gov/dmaf/form/f14242 https://www.nstp.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/form%2014242.pdf 3949A Info Referral ID THEFT https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f3949a.pdf 14157 - Clerk of the court/District attorney you prepared some kind of tax records for me but you didn't give me my records nor did I authorize you to do it https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f14157a.pdf 14157A Tax return preparer fraud misconduct affidavit/ aggravated identity theft. you were never authorized and I didn't get my copies https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f14157a.pdf Commercial Crimes = Contracts (UCC CONTRACT TRUST) 27 CFR § 72.11 - Meaning of terms https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/27/72.11 Commercial Crimes = Contracts (UCC CONTRACT TRUST) 27 CFR § 72.11 - Meaning of terms https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/27/72.11 18 U.S. Code § 242 - Deprivation of rights under color of law https://www.law.cornelLedu/uscode/text/18/242 Collusion: Collusion is when two or more parties secretly agree to defraud a third- party of their rights or accomplish an illegal purpose. https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/collusion Conspiracy is an agreement between two or more people to commit an illegal act, along with an intent to achieve the agreement's goal. https://www.law.cornelLedufwex/conspiracy 5 CFR § 2635.702 - Use of public office for private gain. An employee may not use their public office for their own private gain; for the endorsement of any product, service, or enterprise (except as otherwise permitted by this part or other applicable law or regulation); or for the private gain of friends, relatives, or persons with whom the employee is affiliated in a nongovernmental capacity, including nonprofit organizations of which the employee is an officer or member, and persons with whom the employee has or seeks employment or business relations. The specific prohibitions set forth in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section apply this general standard, but are not intended to be exclusive or to limit the application of this section. https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/5/2635.702 I NEVER RECEIVED THE BOND - Fiduciary Issue 28 U.S. Code § 455 - Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge Any justice, judge, or magistrate judge of the United States shall disqualify himself in any proceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/455 I NEVER RECEIVED THE BOND - Fiduciary Issue 18 U.S. Code § 1028 - Fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents, authentication features, and information https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1028 IDENTITY THEFT 15 U.S. Code § 1692j - Furnishing certain deceptive forms https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1692j 18 U.S. Code Chapter 96 Part I - RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS https://www.law.cornell.edujuscodettext/18/part-lichapter-96 m 1 w My American Federal Government Executive Law Enforcement; Affidavit of Forgiveness, Pardon and Orders. In order to Restore the harmonious American Governmental Republic Relationships between the true American Executive Federal Government of the People and the American Constitutional National Government Officers of this Nation, I present the my following Affidavit and Pardon. I am stepping forward as We the People Sovereign Owner Unsecured Creditor taking personal responsibility of Article 3 Acts Of Treason And Article IV FULL FAITH & CREDIT of this nation non-consent spending spree, Republican Form Of Government where We the people are the sovereigns and only place on planet earth that has Individual Ecclesiastical State Self Governed Sovereignty. And with my Federal Government Executive Law Enforcement "Pardoning Power" of the People, per the American Executive Commandment known as the 10th Amendment; to Grant a full pardon, forgiveness and reconciliation to the National Government Officers for their Republic Misconducts and Foreign "BAR" Involvements; that are willing to Renounce their Foreign Commercial STATE "BAR" complicities and Reinstate themselves as a Condonation back to the valid Laws of the National and State Republic Constitutions. IF NOT ACCEPTED, the National Government Officers "Bailment Bonds" will be Ordered to be Arrested by this Federal Government Executive Law Enforcement - Bounty Hunter for the 10% of the Posted "Bail Bond" Reward and further prosecuted, as I am also a Federal Government Executive Law Enforcement - Private Attorney General, to stand in any Republic National Constitutional Article 3, "Non-Commercial - Foreign BAR" court, for the additional "Bail Bond" Reward and 50% of all other fines and insure the additional penalties as justly adjudicated. I further stand with my Federal Government People Powers per the American • Peoples' Executive Commandment known as the 10th Amendment; to DECLARE the "Amendments 16th thru the 27th to be INVALID, as they have infringed upon the Lawful and Valid Executive Peoples Powers and Rights as they are addressed within the first 15 American,Peoples Executive Amendments "Commandments". Per the Universal Laws, an enacted Law cannot be overruled by a new law, the original has to be first be removed (as the case of the Original 13th which was removed, because it infringed upon the 9th and 10th Amendments when it was finally properly adjudicated) or changed and this is present case of the 16th thru the 27th amendments which are infringements and need to be properly Adjudicated based upon the Universal Laws. Therefore, the Original 15 Amendments are the only standing Valid Constitutional Amendments, as the Peoples Federal Government Executive Commandments and I am by my Federal Government Executive Authority, Ordering and Commanding ALL on the National Republic Supreme Court in their Non-Commercial Foreign "BAR" capacity to make the Validity Ruling on the 16th thru the 27th amendments per the Law, of which has not been done to this present date. 1AAA♦ ♦AAAA♦ ♦TITYYM!EM'C♦LTI♦♦y'♦nmY♦r♦ AAAAA 4 i 4 COMPLICITY: The state or condition of a person, who is involved as 4 an accomplice. 4 4 PARDONING POWER: The power to grant pardons; an executive power, as it usually exists, but a power within the control of the People and to be conferred by them upon such officer or officers a s o. they see fit. 39 Am J Ist Pard § 12. 4 4 FORGIVENESS: See condonation; reconciliation. CONDONABLE OFFENSE: A single act or series of acts of ,'► Misconduct constituting a ground for divorce which in theory maybe forgotten or Forgiven, or a species of misconduct which considerate and affectionate treatment might serve to obliterate. 24 Am J2d Div & S § 204. 4 4 CONDONATION: The Forgiveness, either express or implied, by a husband of his wife, or by a wife of her husband, of a breach of marital duty, with an implied condition that the offense Shall Not be repeated. 24 Am J2d Div &S § 204. rvyvvirrywry ♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦♦♦ ♦♦ Y ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ r♦♦♦♦♦♦ VY YYY Dated: 3 JUNE, 2026 Attested, Posted and Signed by: ;\� Ryoko RoberttaDsakk f We The People Sovereign Owners Unsecured Creditors A Federal Government Executive Owner Bounty Hunter Private Attorney General NON-UCC Executive Owner Badge#: RE 206 955 267 US TREASON ARTICLE 3 sec 3 Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court. https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/article-3/section-3/ Article IV Section 1 Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts,Records,and judicial Proceedings of every other State.And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved,and the Effect thereof. Section 2 The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. A Person charged in any State with Treason,Felony,or other Crime,who shall flee from Justice,and be found in another State,shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up,to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime. No Person held to Service or Labour in one State,under the Laws thereof,escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein,be discharged from such Service or Labour,but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour maybe due. Section 3 New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union;but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State;nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States,without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States;and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States,or of any particular State. Section 4 The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the.Legislature,or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened)against domestic Violence. https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/article-4/ (1 ***** _11. �A_ 1 {mow' Cr e r fit.,rz7t ` �' '��TY.. s , !': • Ryoko Robertta Os ko r, ONE OF WE THE PEOPLE - REPUBLIC SOVEREIGN Unsecured Creditor Magister Bailor Of The Family Osako Chief Tribunal Judge Executive Owner Bounty Hunter Republic Private Attorney General NON-UCC#RE 206 955 315 US Article 4 No one can tell anyone by what name or experience is God. Its as younique as finger prints. Nemo cuiquam dicere potest quo nomine aut experientia Deus sit.Tam unicum est quam vestigia digitorum. I NEVER CONSENTED 0 R 1ST AMENDMENT RIGHTS AUTHORIZED USE OF MY INDIVIDUAL ECCLESIASTICAL STATE SELF GOVERNED SOVEREIGN, FAMILIES GOVERN THEMSELVES, BODY IS THE I N H E R I TA N L. PROPERTY, HOMESTEAD WERE WE THE PEOPLE ARE THE SOVEREIGNS TRADE NAME , BONDS , - DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 1776 - DAS WHY - NONUCC UCC1 BAILEE/BAILOR SECURITIES, ETC... UPDATED 6/3/26 CERTIFICATE OF FORCED HIRE FEE SCHEDULE: To Bailees for Hire, The following is the Fees for Continued Forced Hire after 3 Days from the time the Notice of QUIT was issued per the Laws of Hire: • Hourly Fee: $13,000,000.00 (or for any part of an hour) • Daily Fee: $999,000,000.00 (or for over 8 hours) • Weekend Fee: $13,000,000,000.00 (or for any part of a weekend) • Monthly Fee: $108,000,000,000.00 (or for any part over 20 days) • Yearly Fee: $1,008,000,000,000.00 (or for any part over 240 days) Additional Charges & Fees For Special Appearances, Travel Out Side Of Hilo To Do What Is Necessary In Timeliness And Out Of Force: Special Appearances: $100,000,000,000,000.00 Driving: $1,000,000.00 + car+gas +food+ room Flight One Way: $5,000,000.00 + car+ gas + food+room Memory CapacityPer Letter/Number"Rental Space" $171,000,000,000.00/Per letter/number/character 1. (Example:License Plate Number XXX 123 = 6 $1,026,000,000,000.00 2. 1 letter/number/character Takes near infinite spatial capacity in the brain,but it is constrained by cognitive load.Human memory relies on complex overlapping neural connections(synapses) rather than rigid data files. 3.The human brain contains approximately 171 Billion cells total.This total divided almost equally between two main types: Neurons: 86 Billion Non-Neuronal cells (glia) 85 Billion 4. Only Living Human Beings that are alive have the capacity of such things: These Fee Charges will be LEVIED against any OFFICE of "Bailee for Hire" that continues or invokes a Forced Hiring. 1.Time is Life. The only fact of life that can not be returned or gained back. Like murder, against my brothers will/consent, and the mother and sister of age... 2.Power Manifestation. All hear/heard about power manifestation through holy books, movies, stories. Few Express one power. Fewer express one power and teach (Siddhis). Rarest are those who initiate and train 460 powers of MahaDeva (Shakthis). I initiate and train since 2018. Forced to use power manifestation on aSteroids to handle BAAL & MOLOCH that created and maintains this UCC. FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS. 3.NOTICE: UCC1 NON-UCC Bailee/Bailor = Declaration Of Independence 1776 =Independence Of UCC Banking Structures,British/English Trust Structures = Corrected Status to WE THE PEOPLE the Federal Government Sovereigns/ Executive Owners. 4.FORCED HIRE FEE WILL BE SUBMITTED BY INVOICE AND DUE 72 HOURS PER BANKING LAWS. LATE PAYMENTS WILL U C C BE COMPOUNDED BY DOUBLING PER HOUR OR Uniform Commercial Code FRACTION THERE OF, 24 '' °' ` HOURS A DAY 7 DAYS A WEEK ` ' `�� BAIL "` t $ ` It o BONDS t E �>_. • ,y"EfT (24/7) OR FOR ANY PART OF AN ' �I r MB,�� ( 4. _ • HOUR. � fiaar BONDS �' a+ - T sYP`�,.• 1. SATAN If I + • THE DECEIVER ii i4 i i 'Y BAALIf MOLOCH \-JY NOTICE TO AGENT IS NOTICE TO LORD OFNEFA"'" '` _LORD°`SACRIFICE Ar;- ILLUMINATI �,r WEAPONIZING RULERS OF / ( 1 FEAR,WARE THE PUPPET MASTERS PRINCIPAL kHUMANITY /, f! jl.l.t `f `�TY—'f J7i.a. f,�l t #, , DECEPTION ,5 ' —rt-, ���' IV; '4 &�,` ,,,. ' .1 , ^ _ >^, .,� T_ , ram._ ,:. .� ROYAL FAMILY i t ROTHSCHILOS 1;" It000UNE ROCKEFELLERS TINANCIAL NOTICETO PRINCIPAL IS NOTICE TO CONTROL _� t BANKING EMPIRE EMPIRE F AGENT T kk THE POWER BROKERS jT L :� wx I .''�t'Q �,fly),,, w 11‘4.:•7%,}igot,-,,, -ICI -, ,. 11 I� 7 ri- ti �. .. I WI 113 ii 1.,.1 ( to 1 -�j' .trs->S� GOVERNMENTS ' CENTRAL RANKS •E ♦CORPORATIONS RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIOIIS` THINK TANKS LAU/CONTROL MONEY&DUT • PRIME A ENSLAVEMENT ' , CONTROL THE NINO roAEYL — --1-— --•--— PROPAGANDA WTHE CONTROL MECHANISMS :� O .0'T' .JT' '19. J' ?'Wit' S MEDIA EDUCATION IIG PHARMA MIUTARY INDUSTRIAL TECH GIANTS ENTERTAINMENT MANINUTE ROOMMATE SICKNESS WAR IS SWIMS SURVEIMANCEF VISTUACTIDN♦ TILE NARRATIVE ENE YOUNG TOR PROFIT CENSORSHIP DENAUCNf1FT THE ILLUSION R EiNRA...` ' . YyU,4T xw'. ,pj•, W6t T t. Il *11,'?'ly' ir` .AAA, 74,-.S t - in,T.I R 5 ii ' } I Y .r9 A),ti i ,. ..� I 1 L w , AL IT„An G.7 WAR CONSUME OBEY FEAR HATE BELIEVE CREATE ENEMIES EMIR..Want. fOLLOW ORDERS, RUPYOU OEVIOE A WHAT YOU'RE Nm,Em411 NOVM CRIESTION EHUNE CONQUER TOLD f t L THE PUBLIC(THE PEOPLE) ,e ; ,F/ :yx.4, ;. ,>'ti•.THE ENSLAVED MASSES cT f EA Rr<Af I ` r. L* RED}BORN IGNORANT•-•1 ItR KEPT DIVIDED^-['i DISTRACTED—• ROBBED-- _CONTROLLED I NEVER CONSENTED AUTHORIZED USE OF MY INHERITANCE/ PROPERTY; TRADE U ITT , ET CSIBEI tItt4 C."W . ..'"-. Clow VP . .- S ' S' nr. l', Y i �. � !Y' '' Y £Lyty" i`4� 'S�. -+,�!h' '`•`�' f , T'I' s '00w s1 . MALA M,A ,aiiifi ^ 40 MN L "'Ir.; `t' R ) e,e c/ I ;,ad & 7 ut o / .. ` ,�y n],,, F'C y u] .4tit,1" �,2.'�: , -ram-- �... v P .,..w .: .. v .?'J.w'..+y _ .:,,_.�"`.*..uK'f s+.o - , Posted,Signed,Sealed and Dated on:6.3.2026 No one can tell anyone by what name or experience is God. Its as younique as finger prints. Nemo cuiquam dicere protest quo nomine aut experientia beus sit. Tam unicum est quam vestigia digitorum. 1ST AMENDMENT RIGHTS INDIVIDUAL ECCLESIASTICAL STATE SELF GOVERNED SOVEREIGN, FAMILIES GOVERN THEMSELVES, BODY IS THE HOMESTEAD WERE WE THE PEOPLE ARE THE SOVEREIGNS DECLARATION OF f INDEPENDENCE 1776 - DAS WHY- NONUCC UCC1 BAILEE/BAILOR ( 74] r Ryoko Robertta Osalco (:::**** ONE OF WE THE PEOPLE - REPUBLIC SOVEREIGN Unsecured Creditor Magister Bailor Of The Family Osako ��$" - Chief Tribunal Judge -' Executive Owner Bounty Hunter „eft, ....." I 4 Republic Private Attorney General •_, '-'x� I I :III°'-:'_C'' NON-UCC #RE 206 955 315 US '� e,j Article 4 '`` 4> r Mal P.h4 v. 1/2 .4,,,,,,, ii.:::, S rm. Z , in) pi.0 _1 (nr RI Z sv10 MR ou = = 6 4, tn. rl �, O to � 0 = �' G 0 O v Co p e-t- cl m - {�!) fp '< •r B 11 -t 0 ci m Q = 0 z F! = --1 -1, 0 u.» n n - G 0 0 n _ —t,,C V1 p 4.4. -t yi c m rD - ,-►. CD v = -vc i-,,, ai -t0 r' — -. m f-s o r) --1-, (t i e.,—• ,-...., e-f- cl. 'ITN, ri O ' e-+L = OP. -9 n. co 7:. 7+; Z z-- --I --i g j. IiHi (A (1 S s �p CO ..t r,r, fp 0 to cn I/2 g m " ter. `'* -ICD A 2 CD ,I. O - A� n 0 e*. ( vi G -,i, r+ = 0 eti; ,z' Z fp = W 11 r -h 0 0 'cs cn 'p O —I a n A. 0'.4 ell 0 /�'' CD m 5" YV AI _ 0 CD »CC I _ 0 ‹. G 461 0-1 u) _. bi ,- o �' w . �� in piii, o. r n� I- . t F g C_. W li 11 °1Pill'ill'illiolo‘ill: 111 °1P11111.111111•10‘ill: _ _ nifor_ „..,,, m commercial C . dc (4141(14 -HIF 4. -� -.•. ,� iYia / "f BAIL ` BONDS 3j G r�`, 'IF: "BAAL" / Ii}t ,1. T ri BONDS 'ten ` - L't 5 3 r F s s � t� 't et:‘ :1 .b 1/i _i, t ' ,c .. SATAN f_ t 1,C THE DECEIVER1 Z `; • 4- 1 ':\L/' BAAL -� v , x ,ir "�`� ,4° MOLOCH ` .'1 �"+ / t I LORD OF THE EARTH Z",r ,� ,C. LORD OF SACRIFICE I 1 ILLUMINATI / �_y.., ' 11 WEAPONIZING RULERS OF ,'/ IC THE PUPPET MASTERS I I I �; FEAR,WAR x HUMANITY / / / 1I ,z ,� -t l __. y rs ` 1 i 5 ( 1 ` \ DECEPTION /Y Ftk'j r F� ,- .ter ,,,--1 —4;; '' ..";lit lk ;.tom ., ' ROYAL FAMILY ROTHSCHILDS BLOODLINE f ROCKEFELLERS\ FINANCIAL ;,,CONTROL y�BANKING EMPIRE '. EMPIRE .}� , '� /i -�h---{ ' ••, THE POWER BROKERS lit LA • 4 � �2 fV u t'ky r111d 1 I t r�_?' Rr.z(- ,r••,,i ,.evvoi'•r4•, s ,, I4 1,r Y +` `� 1 i GOVERNMENTS I" CENTRAL BANKS P +CORPORATIONS " RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS ' THINK TANKS LAW&CONTROL_ —- MONEY&DEBT j' PROFIT&ENSLAVEMENT • — CONTROL THE MIND POLICY& — - -- PROPAGANDA r ! THE CONTROL MECHANISMS v -%, t . .kt ,.?,,e.tgi...,/..,.4.7.03,e. .., . . . . .., 4 ..... . .. 1... I t4 4.1.1741,'.:1,, ,rt MEDIA EDUCATION BIG PHARMA MILITARY INDUSTRIAL TECH GIANTS ENTERTAINMENT MANIPULATE INDOCTRINATE SICKNESS ' WAR IS BUSINESS SURVEILLANCE& DISTRACTION& THE NARRATIVE THE YOUNG FOR PROFIT CENSORSHIP DEBAUCHERY THE ILLUSION _ r y� •':` : it, .41.f I Ir I A. '� 7..lT 11�lic.-- t Y HEi I (`K, r r. 1.y _rzit j' ,, wr,. �,,� ii7u 1 r•ill iI H `� THEM �,;" t t WAR CONSUME OBEY FEAR HATE BELIEVE CREATE ENEMIES Endless Want, , FOLLOW ORDERS, KEEP YOU DIVIDE& WHAT YOU'RE Never Enough NEVER QUESTION IN LINE CONQUER TOLD i'" r�Jr, t,,,s, THE PUBLIC(THE PEOPLE) , •"`� /r✓ T, � T- ,:, t ",\',-,• THE ENSLAVED MASSES :� 'c,,,,5-� r' "'t s , ��i .. m, er, cvl BORN IGNORANT--* KEPT DIVIDED--* (i DISTRACTED•—+ -cwa. I I1 ROBBED ,c.y CONTROLLED - V* • ' '''' - .. , ¢ . 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Oiate aterti k`t c—eit cel?' 1 /31-1? ,i tit t. r ^ cd., �ieen, do cieii4 i t eStr'eccr, that fad/of#ort cmd ((Once th fi14t'tittiow ore Wnetecl ' torte . ccndi e c&oinestctrrtiow, tie Mate e atucei• `6 (ewe/ awe L etti/J' lt/lrl Jcke c'e �7 • cite/Yet;; (lei: r�rternar7-„t/e Oate /reefoi `G to'the 6et Iv"al,. FIX... ..".1-4-- it.49 J- Ff./welt ea/mri4e((etirr(;ceem/ //ie Ilu,/his r;;Aetiee.- r? circa/rr?(6, 2022 4 /20. 2022. Th►s 15J ErUof:c GOVE?NOR OF HAWniI ,e,e7/ WHIZ SONHCLIAOFROON G>5 A •_%ioredie✓7'd . /40e/wag JUN 0120DISOFlC E r.. c r, H(5 lit HAWAII tr4icf, hliisN �ttt�cii i 6'1P?/1Y �q r/ �,�;;_,,..: Copy Certified By: Ryoko Robertta Osako Title Of Office: Private Attorney General �'' .ir4, Dated: June 2,2026 /Cate fe rete((G L „���,' "' ' Ocetlb iifee Oate..e/ <rrea/ 'c S. r} 11:f era .6rrii j9oio4t4i .- - �r1 c% rle dole-min/4 ekeear that tJ�iti eiVolet and (ç%id t4e ef3>zaffed/on jtAe ttecd cc(ee, and the, zJ(/ttitio lithe 9-fictte J ,1�rrtcr/ ` ; and thae, : axiiAlla .1 eleadiar e ny. actie aU f z `.f'ertteizcua Noi wrir&r?1A6 eitate ettreta4' `G to to 6 it9/»y n614'.t . f�ccr he (1fr/xr,G.r/ft1,rl ui'ai w!c/K/;re Me//tr•; rliee: ee/i )' (-)(1(22 34 d/re r/ irr ur/ter. J0 J /rl� r c_C- .,,t_/mtorrwUe•'Kid ec/tfrrirri %%i rri�Jirr. •%fm�ri+i 0i me. Ztqui IJr:l�c Wf GOVERNOR.Ofi THE 1�?CAR lFY Tf?AT TkE FOREGO HAWING"IS A TRW. R WRRECT COPY OF THE ORIGINAL WHICH IS ON FILE AND OF RECORD IN THIS OFFICE JUN 012026 All v5 n co aS. = o rtO ii 1- @ 3 g * A 1� � � � Itl m It m aX" .=i a) A 3 Fs O 70 m cn 1 !°F CIf�D P. 2 CD E L7' cZD1 0 Na 0 -: m- rt) 2 A ',.., a ' 11- $1,t, , •• Q • m t� r1 /A1 4 • .r =.- a° rt a `I v.•. 0 7wl Sn !'+� .. q°•.Xv:1i"'• ".` • .'t fist cr m =R. A "C! 'cam• ,. . �; .- •°°°•0i;,. ••.•• r �„ 'max o rl:g;.. .='_.s.7 . {Y to II C.: g ri• a °D4naa••° . o �. Y „2. ,Mr- Ry i CD O d aoo `'if�_ t ►° O t ��7 7 = Ct. ,.., , pipL, V gZ Th � o •` r� m = CCD m 1 um yc m m �t`1 c�v. m n; a ›, m a r c� Zs m 2 c in o �i ril C7 3 su � yv� O Q lv • a trrj a • 1 "il.--.1. [ n4nw, lfl r ear -�Q N �, t _ ona< NTZ MO m• a m to IL � O O in- c C�j m 8 . p CO t4 i inG10D `‹ m r D a N `<C `"' i i'�' ?.— Copy Certified By• Ryoko Robertta Osako Title Of Office: Private Attorney General - - •`4,_ - Dated: June 2, 2026 COUNTY OF AWAIT OATH OF OFFICE Prescribed by Hawaii State Constitution&Hawaii County Charter ' STATE OF HAWAIII. s.. COUNTY OF HAWAII 1 Christian Kimo Alameda do solemnly swear or atlirmp thin i will support and defend the Constitution of the United SIatei aaAmerica.and the Constitution of the State of IIaw•ai'i.and that I will fitithfirlly discharge my duties as a Mayor • .to the best of my ability `thseri led and swont•affirmed to before me Sig tee C:r oyce this 2rtirt day of -DeCe411 6Qr .10 21- Date: DEC 0 2 2024 t\141, K. K. ihat-_---- , December 2, 2024 �. ��� Uric of�entrance on duty rl��� �. Print, J1( Mayor Notary Public,Third Judicial Circuit.State of Ilaw•ai'i Department'Agency ottIllliiiiiffli • My'Commission Expires V l� 2O a �� ©\, 0.....e<c• �• OTAftrY% • .▪ 21-�Or r N5,1 eljiLtc r*f . ii... ......... . --: ,4.0F1 14%x\���+ NOTARY CERTIFICATION Doc. Date; December 2, 2024 No.of Pages: I Notary Name: t1I CDIei R. K. tek Third Judicial Circuit Doc_Description; County of Hawai'i Oath of Office for: alf l Cii01YI iiii10 Amaim, MGilOr 1„���� t tb.tiETatdr b4wt 4, I(, K. I2/o2'202 = 2 tTARr.Sro Notary Signature Date ma'sAC/B C 4nmisigic t expir7J : "414/VI 1 fq 2025- ='V.'•••-......"i,P, i. Ebe rth 0. ,4ririltrtllit0-" e1..^i',•' .E.���:r 2;V %.n% .1..,•r _ •_ .• .. t• DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE • • h r CONGRESS, JuLY 4, 1776. • `THE• UNANIMOUS DECLARATION .OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. • WHEN,in the course of human events,it becomes necessary for one July 4,1770. people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another,and to assume,among the powers of the earth,'the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 'We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed,by their Creator,with certain unalienable rights; that among these are Iife,liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriv- ing their just powers from the consent of the governed; that when- ever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends,it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it,and to institute a new government,laying its foundation on such principles,and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed,will dictate,that governments long established, should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience bath shown, that mankind are more dis- posed to suffer, while evils 'are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a.long train of abuses and usurpations,pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right,itia their duty,to throw off such government,and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the pre- sent King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa- tions, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyran- ny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and press- ing importance,•unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended;he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of Iarge districts of.people,unless those people would•relinquish the right of representation in the legislature; a right inestimable to them, and for- midable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies•at places unusual,uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. VOL. A 2 THE DECLARATION'OF INtEFENDENCE. July 4,1776. Ile has dissolved representative houses repeatedly,for opposing,with • manly firmness,his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused for a long time,after such dissolutions,to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers,incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the state remain- ing, in the mean time, exposed-to all the dangers of invasion from with." out, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their•migrations hither,and raising the con- ditions of new appropriations of lands. • He-has obstructed the administration of justice,by refusing his as- sent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices,and sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. He has'afected to render the military independent of, and superior to the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us-to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution,arid unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation: For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us; For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any mur- ders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States; . For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world; • For imposing taxes on us without our consent; For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of.trial by jury; ' For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended oll'ences;, For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighbouring pro- vince, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into'these colonies; For taking away our'charters,abolishing our most.valuable laws,and altering fundamentally the forms of.our governments; For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves in.. vested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here,by declaring us out of his pro- tection, and'waging war against us. . He has-plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns,and destroyed the lives of our people: He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun. with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled-in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.. He has constrained our fellow-citizens,taken.captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country,to become the,executioners of their friends and brethren,or to fall themselves by their hands. • He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endea- voured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the•merciless Indian 'savages,whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have-petitioned for redress-in the most humble terms. Our repeated'petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A'prince,whose.pharacter is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant,is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. .Cs<<� �• .�., . . ..j.• :;:y..,.- �.?.•�_..t.•. �� . wt�. __ _=:•.?yr- Sri )r-ca•�M1Z.•r.:.ats..•r�X- -i. t[r;o:: THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 3- Nor have.we been wanting in.attentions to our British brethren. We July 4,1776. have warned them,from time to time,of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here.• We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity,and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connexions and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces•our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war,in peace friends. We,therefore,the representatives of the UNITED STATES or AMERICA, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude-of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people of,these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are,and of right ought to be,FREE and INDEPENDENT STATES; that.they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connexion between them and the state of Great Britain is,and ought to be,totally dissolved;audthat, as. FREE and INDEPENDENT STATES, they have full power to levy war, ,conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do a"!l other acts and things which INDEPENDENT STATES• may of right tlo. And for the support of this Declaration,with a farm reliance on the pro- tection of DIVINE PROVIDENCE, we mutually pledge td each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honour.. • JOHN HANCOCK.• New ilampshire.—SosiahBartlett,William Whipple,Matthew Thorn- ton. .Massachusetts Bay.—S4uel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat • Paine, Elbridge Gerry. RRode Island,4 e.--Stephen Hopkins,William Eliery. Connecticut:Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William WiI- 'Rams;Oliver Wolcott. New York.—William Floyd,Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis,Lewis Morris. New Jersey._Ri_chard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis.Hop- kinson, John Hart,Abraham Clark. 1'ennsytvania:Robert'-Morr s,Benjamin Rush,Benjamin Franklin, .ohn Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross. - .Delaware.—Caesar Rodney,George Read,Thomas McKean.. B?aryland--Samuel Chase,William Pica, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Virginia.--George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison,Thomas Nelson,Jun.,Francis Lightfoot Lee,Carter Braxton. • • .1Votth Carolina.William Hooper,Joseph Hewes, John Penn. South Carolina.:—Edward Rutledge,Thomas Hayward,Jun.,Thomas Lynch, Jun., Arthur Middleton. Georgia.Button Gwinnett,Lyman Hall;George Walton.. _::p_ ..�^_ ... _. _ ^;.a.•;i$ a.. u.. x Y:z'^_ '- _ =., - '. . ::�WJ •3+if r4.: . • • THE • CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Purposes for WE, the people of the United States,in order to form:a more perfect which the Con- Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the s dallied te J and es.dses. common defence, promote the generalwelfare, and secure the blessings tablished. • of liberty to ourselves end,our posterity,do ordain and establiish this Constitution for the United States of America.(a), Legislative ARTICLE I. § 1. All legislative powers herein granted, shall be powers vested vested in a Congress of the United States,which shall consist of a Sen- in Congress. ate and House of Representatives.(b) House of Re. § 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members presentatives. chosen every second year by the people of the several States; and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and. been seven years a citizen of the United . States, and who shall not, when elected,be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Represents. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the fives and b� several States which may be included within this Union,according to their taxes to portioned ao- respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole cording to re- number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of spective nnmx• years, and excluding Indians not taxed,three fifths of all other persons.. bey The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first Cessna to be taken every tea meeting of the Congress of the.United States, and within every subse- YeIICs. quent term of ten years,in such manner as they shall by law direct. The Represent - fives to Con• number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, grew. but each State shall have at least one representative and until such enu- meration shall be made, the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six,New Jersey four, (a) Martin heir at Iaw of Fairfax,v.Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheat.304;3 Cond.Rep.576. Briscoe et al.v.the Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 11 Peters 267. McCulloch v.The State of Mary- land,4 Wheat.216; 4 Cond.Rep.466. Gibbons v.Ogden 9 Wheat. I. Barron v.The Mayor and United States v S Council of mith, S Wheaimore 7 �153; 4 Cond Rep 619. Owing v. a Madison, Norwood, 6 Cranch,344;2 1 Cond. p.267. Cond. Rep:275. (b) The object of the Constitution was to establish three great departments of government; the Le- gislative, the Executive, and the Judicial departments. The first was to pass laws; the second to approve and execute them;the third to expound and enforce them. Martin, heir at law of Fairfax,•v. Hunter's Lessee,1 Wheat.304; 3 Cond.Rep.575. . The Constitution unavoidably deals in general language. It did not suit the purpose of the people in framing this great charter of our liberties to provide for minute specifications of its powers,or to de-• Clare the means by which those powers were to be carried into execution. It was foreseen that that would be a perilous and difficult,if not an impracticable task. The instrument was not intended merely to provide for the exigencies of a few years,but was to endure through a long lapse of ages;the events of which were locked up in the inscrutable purposes of providence. It could not be foreseen what new changes and modifications of power might be made indispensable to effectuate the general objects of the charter; and restrictions and specifications which at present might seem salutary,might in the end prove the overthrow of the system itself. Hence its powers are expressed in general terms;leaving to the legislature,from time to time,to adopt its own means to effectuate•legitimate objects, and to•mould and remodel the exercise of its own powers as its own wisdom, and the public interests'should re- quire. Martin, Sc.v.Hunter, 1 Wheat.•304; 3 Cond. Rep. 676. 10 .., s„0:0<" q,ss"•*.'nr. •S •:?:�i;-CeriO.:,S'.�rs;;2•'git k,zt'L;'tir+c+ THE CONST.ri'UTION OIL' THE UrirrE:U STATE& It • • Pennsylvania eight,Delaware one,Maryland six,Virginia ten,North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.(a) When vacancies happen in the representation from any State,the Vacancies in Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such va- cancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other speaker and officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. o rs eras R. § 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two se ate how Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six c m hw en. years; and each Senator shall have one vote. cho- aen Immediately after they shall be assembled,in consequence of the first Each Senator election,they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. rev ofe The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expi- Senators to be ration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the ohosen every• fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year,so second year.— that one third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies hap- tngreuc esof the' pen by resignation,or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of Legislature ofa any State,the Executive thereof may make.temporary appointments until State. How the next meeting of the Legislature,which shall•then fill such vacancies. filled. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age o Qualifications of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he Vice President shall be chosen. of U. S. presi- The Vice President of the United States shall be president of the deTho Se ew Senate,but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. choose their ol. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro cer ism President tempore, hi the absence of the Vice President,or when he shall exer- rives note to cise the office of President of the United States. have the sole The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When powerto tryim_ sitting for that purpose,they shall be on oath or affirmation. When VPenthePresi- the President of the United States is tried,the Chief Justice shall pre- dent of U.S. is side; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two i edtth ea�eftc thirds of the members present. preside. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend'further than to Judgment in removal from office,and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of case ofimpeach. honour,trust or profit,under the United States; but the party convicted vticted b- shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial,judgment, jest to indlet, and punishment according to law. meat at law. § 4. The times laces and manner of holdingelections for Senators Times and p laces for hold• • and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by-the Legisla- mg elections. ture thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter Congress may such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.. at anytime mkke or alter regula- The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such dons made by meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by theeptState as a he law appoint a different day. places ofchoos- 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns,and tug senator, qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall consti- Congress to tute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from 8ssrbleonce day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent Each House (a) North Carolina adopted the,Constitution by a convention called in November,1789,and became a member of the Union,before June 4,1790. Rhode Island, by a convention held in May, 1790,assented to the Constitution. Kentucky was admitted into the Union, June 1,1792,act of 1791,ch.4. Vermont was admitted into the Union,March 4,1791,act of 1791,ch.7. Tennessee was admitted into the Union, June 1,1796,act of 1796,oh.47. Ohio was established as a state of the Union,by act of April 38,1802, ch.40. Louisiana was admitted into the Union, April 30,1812,vol..,p.701. Indiana was admitted into the Union,Dec.l't 1816,vo]..3,p.399. Mississippi was admitted into the Union,Dec.10,1817 vol.3,p. 472. Illinois was admitted into the Union,Dec.3,1818,vol. 3, p.536. 'Alabama was admitted into the Union,Dec.14,1819,vol. 3, p. 608. Maine•was admitted into the Union by an act of Congress, passed March 3,1820. Missouri was admitted into the Union, March 2,1821,vol.3,p.645 and App. Arkansas was admitted into the Union,June 15,1836,ch.100. Michigan was admitted into the Union,Jan.26,1837, ch.99. Iowa and Florida were authorized to become states of the Union,by act of March 3,1845,ch.48. • • 12 THE CONSTITUTION• OIL THE'ITNI TED•8 'ATES. • • to be the judge members, in such manner, and under- such.penalties,-as each House of the elections, mayrovide. returns, and qualifications of Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings,punish its its members. A members for disorderly behaviour, and,with the concurrence of two majority to form thirds, expel a member. a quornm. Rules of pro- Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings,and from time to ceeding. time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, Each House 'require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House to keep a jour• q nal. Yeas and on any question, shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be en- nays. tered on the journal. Adjournments Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the of the Houses of consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any COS' other place than that in which the two.Houses shall be sitting. . Compensation S. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive.a compensation of the Senators for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Tres- and Represen- tatives. Pnvi• sur3' of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, leged from ar- felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their . rest,with excep- attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to, done.Not to be questioned in and returning from, the same;. and for any speech.or debate in either any other place House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. for any speech No Senator or Representative shall,during the time for which he was or debate in either House. elected � be to an civil office under the authority of the Uni Appointment ted States,appointedich shall have been created,or the emoluments whereof to office orsen- shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any store or Repro- BPI .fives. No office under the United States, shall be a member of either House dur- person holding ing his continuance in office. any office under § 7, All hills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of theU.S.to be a member ofeither Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amend- House during meats as on other bills. his continuance Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and in office. Bills for rais- the Senate,,shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President ing revenue. of the United States; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall Bills,atterhav- return it,with his objections,to that House in which it shall have origi- gross,passed Con- to be pro- Hated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and pro rented to the teed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that President. Pro- House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent,together with the ceedings when the President objections,to the other House,by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, disapproves. and if approved by two thirds of that House,.it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined-by yeas and nays, and the names.of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days, (Sundays excepted,) after it shall have been presented to him,the same shall be a law, in like manner as.if he had signed it,unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a- law. Every order, "Every order, resolution,or vote, to which the concurrence of the resolution, or Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary, (except on a vote, of both question of adjournment,) shall be presented to the President of the Houses (except 1 ! on a question United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved of adjournment) by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two thirds to be presented of the Senate and House of Representatives,according to the rules and to the President of the U.s. limitations prescribed in the case of a•bill. Powers of ' S. The Congress shall have power(a) . Congress. • (n)Congress must possess the choice of means,and must.he empowered fo use any means,which are in fact conducive to the exercise of a power granted by the Constitution. United States v.Fisher,et al.; Assignees of Blight, 2 Cranch's Rep.3d8; I Cond.Rep. 421. Viet -THE CONSTITUTION OF''THETNITBIEITAT'ES: • • .• To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and exeises,(a) to pay the an a To t es, debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the for the'commoa United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform defence and throughout the United States:(b) welfare. Duties To borrow money on the credit of the United States: to be borrow To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several money. States, and with the Indian tribes:(e) To regulate To establish an uniform rule of naturalization,(d) and uniform laws lvatmarnliz-ion. on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States:(e) Bankruptcies. • The powers granted to Congress are not exclusive of similar powers existing in the States,unless where the Constitution has expressly,in terms,given an exclusive power to Congress; or the exercise of a like power is prohibited to the States; or there is a direct repugnancy,or incompatibility in the exer- cise of it by the States. The example of the firat•class is to he found in the exclusive legislation dele- gated.to Congress over places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be located for forts,arsenals dock-yards, Sze.; of the second class,of the prohibition of a State to coin money, or emit bills of credit; of the third class,the power to establish a uniform rule of naturali. sation,and the delegation of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. In all other cases the States retain concurrent authority with Congress. Houston v.Moore,5Wheat. 1; 4 Cond.Rep.589. An act of Congress repugnant to the Constitution cannot become the law of the land. Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cranch, 137; 1 Cond.Rep.267. The mere grant of power to Congress does not imply a prohibition on the States to exercise the same power. Whenever the terms in which such a power is granted to Congress require that it should be exercised exclusively by Congress,the subject is as completely taken from the State legislatures,as if they had been expressly forbidden to act upon it. Sturges v. Crowninshield, 4 Wheat. 122: 4 Cond. Rep.409. (a.) The power of Congress to levy and collect taxes,duties,imposts,and excises,is co-extensive with the territory of the United States. Loughborough v.Blake,5 Wheat.317; 4 Cond. Rep.680. The power of Congress to exercise exclusive legislation,in all cases whatever,within the District of Columbia,includes the power of taxing it. Ibid. ' The authority of Congress to lay and collect taxes, does not interfere with the power of'the States to tax for the support of their own governments; nor is the exercise of that power by the States,an exer- cise of any portion of the power that is granted to the United States. Gibbons v.Ogden,9 Wheat- 1; 5 Cond.Rep.562. (b) The constitutional provision that direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States,ac- cording to their respective numbers,to he ascertained by a census,was not intended to restrict the power of Imposing direct taxes to States only. Loughborough v.Blake,5 Wheat.317; 4 Cond.Rep. 660. (c) An'act of Congress,laying an embargo for an indefinite period of time,is constitutional and valid. The United States v.The William;2 Hall's Am.Law sour.255. The power of regulating commerce extends to the regulation of navigation. Gibbons v.Ogden,9 Wheat. 1; 5 Cond.Rep.562. The power to regulate commerce extends to every species of commercial intercourse between the United States and foreign nations,and among the several States. It does not atop at the external boon- dory of a State; but it does not extend to a commerce which is completely internal. Ibid. Thu power to regulate commerce is general,and has no limitations but such as are prescribed by the Constitution itself. This power,so far as it extends,is exclusively vested in Congress,and no part of it can be exercised by a State.' Ibid. The power of regulating commerce extends to navigation carried on by vessels employed in trans- porting passengers. Ibid. All those powers which relate to merely municipal Iegislation,or which may be properly called inter. nal police,are not surrendered(by the States)or restrained,and consequently in relation to those the authority of a State is complete,unqualified,and exclusive. The City of N.York v. Milo, 11 Peters, 102. The act of the legislature of New York passed February 1824,entitled,.`An Act concerning passengers in vessels arriving in the port of New York," is not a regulation of commerce,but of police; and being so,it was passed in the exercise of a power which belonged to that State. Ibid, The power to regulate commerce, includes the power to regulate navigation,as connected with the commerce with foreign nations and among the States. It does not stop at the mere boundary line of a State,nor is it cpnfined to acts done on the waters,or in the necessary course of the navigation thereof. It extends to such acts done on the[and,which interfere with,obstruct,or prevent the due exercise of the powers to regulate commerce and navigation with foreign nations, and among the States. Any offence which thus interferes with,obstructs, or prevents such commerce and navigation,though done on land,may be punished by Congress, under its general authority to make all laws necessary and pro-' per to execute their delegated constitutional powers. The United States v.Lawrence Coombs, 12 Peters,72. Persons are not the subjects of commerce,and not being imported goods,they do not fall within the meaning founded upon the Constitution, of a power given to Congress. to regulate commerce, and the prohibition of the States for imposing a duty on imported goods. Ibid.; Gibhone v.Ogden, 9 Wheat. 1; 5 Cond.Rep.562. (d) Under the Constitution of the United States,the power of naturalization is exclusively in Con- gress. Chirac v.Chirac, 2 Wheat.259; 4 Cond,Rep. 111; Houston v. Moore,.5 Wheat. 1; 4 Cond. Rep.589. (e) The powers of Congress to establish uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcy throughout the ♦tin a•'.a -•, - , - .♦.♦•• .i: .-...,s. .. •4 .. ....T. .. a t .. �! ♦ S"i ♦. ;i• t ..:s . THE CONSTITUTION .OF THE UNITED STATES:-. • To coin ono- To coin money,regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin; and ney. To The the fix the standard of weights and measures: standard of weights and To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and measures, current coin of the United.States: - To punish To establish post.ofices and post-roads: co tt�fc s. • To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for To promote limited tithes,to authors and inventors,the exclusive right to their re- the progress of spective writings and discoveries science and useful arts. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court: Inferior tribu: To define and punish piracies and felonies.committed on the high nals. seas and offences against the law of nations:(a) Piracies on the high seas. To declare war, grant letters.of marque and reprisal, and make rules To declare concerning captures on land and water:' • war, To raise and support armies: but no a ro riation of moneyto that To ra►s•ar- mies. use shall be for a longer term than two years P Navy,Sao. To provide and maintain a navy: - - Government of To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and na the army and vat forces: • • navy. pr ovide To for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions: For the orga. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and nization,84c.of for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the militia. the United'States, reserving to the States respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the Feclnsive Le- discipline prescribed by Congress.(b) gislation over To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such seat of-govern. district (not'exceeding ten miles square) as may by cession of partial- of the U.S. lar States,and the acceptance of Congress,become the seat of the govern- Exclusive au. over Charity ove pia. ment of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places ces purchased purchased..by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the with the con. same shall be, for the erection of forts,magazines,arsenals,dock-yards, sent • To f make laws and Other needful buildings. And, To make � ' for carrying in- To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper-for carrying to execution ell into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Lowers vested Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart- in government oft1, S. . ment or officer thereof.(c) Migration or § 9. The migration'or importation of such persons as any of the importation of • States now existingshall think proper to admit,shall not be prohibited persona. • by the Congress prir to tl a year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be iruposed on•such importation,not exceeding ten dollars for each person. • United.States,does not exclude the right of the States to legislate on the same subject,except when the power is actually exercised by Congress,and the State laws conflict with those of-Congress. Ogden v. Saunders, 12 Wheat.213; S Cond.Rep.523; Sturges v.Crowninshield,4 Wheat.122; 4 Cond.Rep.469.. -Since the adoption of'the Constitution of'the United States,a staterhas authority to pass a Bankrupt •law,provided such law does not impair the obligation of contracts; and provided there be no act of Con. gress in force to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy,conflicting with such law. Sturges v.Crown. • inshield,4 Wheat.122; 4 Cond.Rep.40q. (a).The act of the 3d March, 1819,chap.76,sec.5,referring to the law of nations for a definition of the crime•of piracy,is a constitutional exercise of the power of Congress to define and punish that crime. United States v.Smith,5 Wheat. 153; 4 Cond.Rep.619. See also United Staths v.Palmer, 3' Wheat.610;•4 Cond.Rep.352. (b) The act of Cough•ess of Feb.28, 1795,to provide for the calling out the'militia to execute the laws of the Union,suppress insurrections,and repel invasions,is within the constitutional'powers of Con- gress. Martin v.Mott,12 Wheat.19; 6 Cond.Rep.410. . (c) Congress must possess the choice of'means,and must be empowered to use any means which are iri fact conducive to the exercise of a power granted-by the Constitution. United States v.Fisher-et al., 2 Creech,358; 1 Cond.Rep.421: Pau Home's Lessee v.Dorrauce,2 Dell.304; Marbury v.Madison, I Cranch,137; 1 Cond.Rep.267,268, The United States v.Bevans,3 Wheat.336; 4 Cond.Rep.275. McCulloch v.Maryland1•4 Wheat.316; 4 Cond.Rep.466. United States v.Tingey,5 Peters,115. An. derson v. Dunn; 6 Wheat. 204. Dugan v.The United States,3 Wheat. 172; 4 Cond.Rep.223. The Exchange,I Cranch, 1163 2 Cond.Rep.439. Osborn v.The Bank of the United States,9 Wheat.738;- 5 Cond.Rep.741. Harnson v.Sterry,5 Clench,289; 2 Cond.Rep.260. Postmaster General v.Early • 12 Wheat.136; 6 Coed,Rep.480. .: .':•:�itiS�•Y:): _ Ki •:? °r2;i yet Tt•4 .4.!`i S's�":� yY T.-o 'tt�wt i-'i y r�xy-.7� 5...,.. sa ^,ty. .T'r tiv�:-�.•� M) 3.• •'Gi ah-.: 1r�y .:.'c.Y' r- :l:rlt•..:lT:rv.1::�1� �d[^; r.-L fin:.�"i"'..�-.4iN''•v. . _ '•' - . -. .. - • • THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES: . 15 • The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, Writ of'Ha- • unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may re- bean Corpus quire it.(n) Bills of attain- No o bill of attainder or en postfacto law shall be passed.(b) der,,or ex post P• { facto laws. No capitation, or other direct tax, shall be laid, unless in proportion Capitation or to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. other direct tax. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from-any State. No ty an to ticis' .preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to exported from the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, any pStat erence or from, one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. to ports of one No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of state over ano. appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the theT• receipts and expenditures of allpublic moneyshall bepublished from' No money p ill drawn from the time to time. treasury but by No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no law. Receipts person holdinganyoffice of profit or trust under them •shall without and,expendf- p > tares pabhshed. the consent of the Congress,accept of any present,emolument,office,or No title of title of any kind whatever, from any king,prince, or foreign state. nobility to be § 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance,or confedera granted, tion; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make.any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts;(c) pass any bill of attainder,ex post facto law,or law impair- 'ing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.(d)No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, the lay any imposts Limitation o of or duties on imports or exports,except what may-be absolutely neces- the 8tatea, sary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all du- ties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.(e) No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage,keep troops, or ships of war, in time of peace,enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless Executtva actually invaded,or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. power vestedin ART. II. § 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his'office during the term the U.S. Dora- of four years, and together with the Vice President, chosen for the tion of office. same term, be elected as follows: . (a) Ex parte Burford,3 Cranch,448. En parte Bellman,4 Cranch,75; 2 Cond.Rep.33. En parts Kearney,I Wheat.$8; 5 Cond.Rep.225. Ex parte Tobias Watkins,3 Peters, 193: En parte Milburn 9 Peters,704. Martin v.Mott, 12 Wheat.19; 6 Cond.Rep.410. (i?) The prohibition of the Federal Constitution of en post facto laws extends to penal statutes only; and does not extend to cases affecting only the civil rights of individuals. Calder et al.v.Bull,3 Dail. 386; 1-Cond.Rep. 172. 'Fletcher v.Peck, 6 Cranch,87; 2 Cond Rep.308. Ogden v, Saunders, 12 Wheat.213; b Cond.Rep.523. (cl Briscoe e.The Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky,11 Peters,257. Craig v.The State of Missouri, 4 Peters,431. Sturges v.Crowninshield,4 Wheat.122; 4 Coed:Rep.409. Ogden v.Saun- ders, 12 Wheat.213; 6 Cond.Rep.523. Cooper v.Telfair,4 Dall.14; 1 Cond.Rep.211. (d) If any act of the legislature is repugnant to the Constitution,it is,ipso facto,void; and it is the duty of the court so to declare it. Vanhorne's Lessee v.Dorrance,2 Dall.304. The Constitution fixes the limits to the exercise of legislative authority,and prescribes the orbit in which it must move. Whatever may be the case in other countries,yet here there can be no doubt that any act of the Legislature repugnant to the Constitution is absolutely void. Ibid. Fletcher v.Peck,6 Cranch, 87; 2 Cond.Rep.308. The legislature of a state can pass no ex post facto law. An ex post facto law is one which renders an act punishable,which was not punishable when it was committed. Ibid. Houston v.Moore,5 Wheat.i; 4 Cond.Rep.589. The invalidity of a state law,as impairing the obligation of contracts,does not depend on the extent of the change which the law effects in the contract: Green v.Biddle, 8 Wheat:1; 6 Cond.Rep.369. Briscoe v.The Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 11 Peters;257. New Jersey v.Wilson,7 Creech,164; 2 Ccnd.Rep.457. Terrett v.Taylor,9 Cranch,43; 3 Cond.Rep,254: Trustees'of Dart- mouth College v. Woodward, 4 Wheat.518; 4 Cond. Rep.526. The Proprietors of the Charles River • Bridge v.The Proprietors of the Warren Bridge, 11 Peters,420. Sturges v.Crowninabield,4 Wheat. 122; 4 Cond.Rep.409. Hawkins v.Barney's Lessee,5 Peters,456. Mason v.Haile, 12 Wheat.370;, 6 Cond.Rep.535. Farmers'and Mechanics'Bank v.Smith,6 Wheat.131; 5 Co_nd.Rep.35. Satterlee v.Mattbewson,2 Peters,380. Wilkinson v.Leland,2 Peters,627. (e) Brown v.The state of Maryland, 12 Wheat.419; 6 Cond.Rep.654. 16 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES: Manner of Each State shall appoint, in,such manner as the legislature thereof e dent an e- may direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of Senators President. and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States,"shall be appointed an elector. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the per- . sons,voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list•they shall sign and certify,and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of elec- tors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes,then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority,then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing,the President, the votes shall be taken-by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the.States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choke. In every case, after the choice of the•President,the person having the greatest number of votes of the•electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes,the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.(a) Electors of The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and President and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall bethe Vice President, same throughout the United States. Qualifications No"person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United of the Pe*. States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution,shall be eligible dent. to the office•of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years,and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. Vacancy in In case of the removal of the President:from office, or of his death, the°Sacs of resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said Preetdon npplied.t.11ow office,the same shall devolve on' the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death; resignation, or ina- bility,both of the President and Tice President,declaring what officer • shalI then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. Compensation The President shall at stated times,receive for his services, a cozn- For the sergicee ensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished duringthe of the preai- R � dent. .period.for which he shall'have been elected, and he'shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States or any • of them. ' Before he enter on the execution of his office,he'shall take.the fol- lowing oath or affirmation: Oath of office "I do solemnly swear,(or affirm,) that I will faithfully execute the of lb?Presi- office of President of the United States and will,to the best of my Gent. ability, preserve, protect, and defend.the Constitution of the United States." § 2. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and (a) By an amendment to the Constitution, a substitute for this paragraph was adopted. Amendment, Art. 12, 0 1. This amendment was proposed in October I808,and was ratified before September 1804. See the amendment,post,p.22, ;`.•tom.. ? '+CG`.'• t .�i.'."" ._.._.. _.. �- — 1iri:� -7jt'... ,�._ ..�n:x .•.-. :- — a��'.-a.... �ri+�•,-. .. ..._...�''�r 4-'c`.,:..:a.• ;�aY; ... .. :�;i� '•d's;,°t,•.'i'. `L TOE CONSTPIUTIOI•~T OF E t7 THE UNITED STATES. .navy of the United States,and of the militia of the several States,when Powers and called into the actual service of the United States; be may require the pre a nt e opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the.executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall havetpower to grant reprieves and pardons for of- May grant re. fences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. dons.ea and par- He shall have power,by and with the advice and consent of the May make Senate, to make treaties,provided two thirds of the Senators present r h e by and concur;(a) and he shall nominate,and by and with the advice and con- and consent of sent of the Senate,-shall appoint ambassadors,other public ministers the Senate. and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the Appointments United States,whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided to office. for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may by law-vest the appointment of such inferior officers,as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of depart- ments.(6) The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may hap- Vacancies pen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which de el a of the see. shall expire at the end of their next session. nate. i 3. lie shall,from time to time, give to the Congress information Give Cbngresa of the state bf the Union, and recommend to their consideration such imbrrnatiou of the State of the measures as he shall judge-necessary and expedient. He may on extra- Union. ordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them; and in Convene Con- on of disagreement between them,with respect to the time of adjourn- rzosery oec as ment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper. He alone. When shall receive a bassadors and- other public ministers. He shall take he may adjourn care that the laws be faithfully executed; .and shall commission all the Congrers. Otdupowers officers of the United States. duties. duties. § 4. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the Removals United States, shall be removed from office an impeachment for, and from office by conviction of, treason, bribery,or other high crimes and misdemeanors. im achment ART. M. ' 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested' ofct mne orlon in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress Judicial pow; may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the eJudges to hold Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good beha office during viour; and shall, at stated times,.receive for their services, a compensa good avi° an tion,which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.(e) not to be nation § 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, ished during arising under this Constitution,the laws of the United States, and trea- continuance in ties made, or which shall be made, under their authority; to all cases °Extent ofju- affecting ambassadors,other public ministers,and consuls; to all cases aieAal power. of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the (a) The decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States on the powers and duties of the Prealaent of the United States have been the following: Marburg v.Madison, 1 Cranch, 137; 1 Cond.Rep. 267; 1 Peters,296; 12 Peters,524. Williams v.The Suffolk Ins.Com.,13 Peters,415. (b) Am.Ins.Comp.v.Canter, 1 Peters,511,517; with Mr.Justice Johnson's opinion. Ex parte Dun- can N.Hennen, 13 Peters,230. (c) The debisions of the Supreme Court of the United States on the 1st and 2d sections of the 3d article cif the Constitution have been: The State of Rhode Island v.The State of Massachusetts,12 Peters, 657-72. McBride v.Hotly, 1 t Peters, 167. Marhury b.Madison, 1 Cranch;137; 1 Cond.Rep. 267. Fs parte Crane,5 Peters,190. Ex pane Milburn,9 Petera,'704. Town of Pawlet v.Clark et al.,9 Cranch, 292; 8 Cond.Rep.408. Ex parte Kearney.7 Wheat. 38; 5 Cond, Rep.225. M'Cluny v.Silliman,2 Wheat.369; 4 Cond.Ref. 162. The United States v.Bevans,3 Wheat.336; 4 Cond.Rep.275. United States v.Hamilton,3 Dali.17. Ex parte Bellman,4 Cranch,75; 2 Cond.Rep.33. Ex parte Tobias Watkins,S Peters, 193. Cherokee Nation v.The State of Georgia,5 Peters,1. Cohena v.The State of Virginia,6 Wheat.264. Osborn v.The Bank of the United States, 9 Wheat.738; 5 Cond.Rep.741. The United States v.Ortega, 11 Wheat.467; 6 Cond. Rep.394. Fowler v.Lindsey et al.,'3 Dall.411. The United States v:Goodwin,7 Crawl:, 108; 2 Cond.Rep.434. The third article of the Constitution of the United States enables the judicial department to receive jurisdiction to the full extent of the Constitution,laws and treaties of the United States,when any ques- tion respecting theta shall assume such form that the judicial power is capable of acting an it. That power is capable of acting,only when the subject is su'niitted to it by a party who asserts hie rights in a form prescribed by law. It then becomes a case. Osborn et al.v.The Bank of the United States,9 Wheat.738; 5 Cond.Rep.741. VOL.I.--3 a 2 3$ TEE CONSTITUTION OF THE-UNITES STATES. United States shall be a party; to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State,between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State,or the citizens thereof and foreign States, citizens or subjects.- Origival roue- In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and con- diction of the suit,(a) and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court supreme Court. Appellate u- shall have original jurisdiction.(b) In all the other cases before men- riadiction of the tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to Supreme Court. law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations,as the Congress shall make.(c) Trial by jury. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment,shall be by jury; and such trial shall he held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall'be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Treason. § 3. Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying COntaii, n for treasson, war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testi mony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open • court. • • Punishme.►t The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, of treason. but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood,or forfeiture, Attainder: except during the life of the person attainted. The public • ARR. IV. § 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the acts,Sic.,of the ublic acts,records,and proceedings of everyother State. And States to have Pjudicial full faith and the Congress may by general laNvs prescribe the manner in which such credit. acts,records,and proceedings shall be proved,and the effect thereof(d) eitisens nofed 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and States entitled § P � � $ to equal privi• immunities of citizens in the several States. lei gitives A person charged in ally State with treason, felony, or other crime, from justice. who shall flee from justice, and be .found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be • • delivered up,to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. Fugitives No person held to service or labour in one State, under the laws from labour. thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour, but shall (a) An indictment under the crimes act of 1790,phap. 9, sec. 26,for;erecting the law of nations by offering violence to the person of a foreign minister, is a case ""affecting ambassadors and other public ministers,or consuls,"within the second section of the third artiole of the Constitution of the United States. The United States v,Ortega, 11 Wheat.467; 6 Cond.Rep.394. (6)On the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court,the following cases have been decided: Ex parte Kearney,7 Wheat.38; 6 Cond.Rep.225. M'CIuny v.Sullivan,2 Wheat.369; 4 Cond.Rep.162. The ColumhtanlnsuranceCompany v.Wheelwright,7 Wheat.534; 5 Cond.Rep.334. United States v.Ham- ilton,9 Dail.17. Es parte Tobias Watkins,3 Peters, 193. Ex parte Crane et al.,5 peters 190. United States v.Ravara,2 Dall.297. Cherokee Nation v.The State of Georgia,5 Peters, 1. The State of New Jersey v.The State of New York,5 Peters,234. Ex parte Juan Marano,7 Peters,627. The State of Rhode Island v.The State of Massachusetts, 12 Peters,657 765. Cohens v.The State of Virginia,6 Wheat.264; 6 Cond.Rep.90. Osborn v.The Bank of the United States,9 Wheat.738; 5 Cond.Rep. 741. Fowler et al.v.Lindsey et al.,3 Dall.411. (c) Upon the appellate powers of the Supreme Court,the following cases have been decided; United States v.Goodwin,7 Cranch, 108; 2 Cond Rep. 434. Wiscart v. Dauchy,3 Dall.821; 1 Cond.Rep. 144. United States v.Moore,3 Cranch, 169; 1 Cond.Rep.480. Osborn v. The Bank of the United States,9 Wheat.738; 6 Cond.Rep.741: Owings v.Norwood's Lessee, 5 Cranch,344; 2 Cond.Rep. 275. Martin v.Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wheat.304; 3 Cond. Rep.575. Gordon v.Caldcleugh,3 Cranch, 268; 1 Cond.Rep.624. Ex parte Kearney,7 Wheat.38; 6 Cond.Rep.225. Inglee v.Coolidge,2 Wheat. 863; 4 Cond.Rep. 155. Geliton et aI. v.,Hoyt, 3 Wheat. 246; 4 Cond.Rep.244. Nicholls et al.v. Hodges,Ex'r, 1 Peters,562. Duel o.Van Ness,8 Wheat.312; 5 Cond.Rep.445. Miller v.Nicholls,4 Wheat.311; 4 Cond.Rep.465. Matthews v.Zane et a1.7 Wheat.164; 6 Cond.Rep.265. Houston v. Moore,3 Wheat.433;.4 Cond. Rep.286: Williams v.Norris, 12 Wheat.117; 6 Cond.Rep.462. Mont- gomery v.Hernandez, 12 Wheat.129; 6 Cond.Rep.475. Gibbons v. Ogden, 6 Wheat. 448; 6 Cond. Rep. 134. Weston et al.v.The City Council of Charleston,2 Peters,449. (d5 M ifs at. Dhryee,7 Cranch,481; 2 Cond.Rep.578. Hampton v.M'Connel,3 Wheat.234; 4 Cond. Rep.243. See act of May 26, 1790,chap. 11. Act of March 27,1804,chap.56. tri�nsy'y,F�r.:..rS s- �t^'':�'!.'YSI;,z:,`t ..,.fits.• e:'.a f•:': �»:' is . a;•.:. ,a,a.; "=x?'..:.K'•,Lid--y'i` t.F=;h±._'i;`'.. :e:'i,:SY.i.�txt LL.�,R.'9X4`v'iiYt,L�s:=i£5'L. ... •13;": %lzi --�'t.: THE CONS'rE t UTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Iv be delivlered up on claim of the party to whom each service or labour may be due.(a) § 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; New States. but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of sew stnate out any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or of other States. more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful Congress to rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging anp oseoof and to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so con- make regula- strued as to prejudi'oe any claims of the United States,or of any par- tions respecting ocular State. the territories` or other proper- § 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union ty of the U.s. a republican form of government,and shall protect each of them against rice arasteo by invasion; and on application of the IegisIature, or of the executive, republican form (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. of government ART. V. The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall to every State; deem it necessary,shall propose amendments to this Constitution,or,on and each state to be protected the application of the legislatures of two thirds of the several States,shall from invasion, call a convention for proposing amendments,which,in either-case,shall and against do- 'be valid to ;II intents and.purposes, as part of this Constitution, when len ec no- ratified by the legislatures of-three fourths of the several States, or by Amendments conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of to Constitution. ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided,that no amend- 14o State, ment,which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred sweat,sb ll be and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the deprived of an ninth section of the first article• and that no State,without its consent equal suffrage shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in-the Senate. ' in the Senate. ART.VI. All debts contracted,and engagements entered into,before Debts Sze., the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United fo a oche adop- States, under this Constitution, as under the confederation. tion of the Con- This Constitution, and the.laws of the United States which shall be stitntion to be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties.made, or which shall be the U.S inet made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the Iand: and the judges,in every State,shall be bound thereby, any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary not- The Constitu. tion and laws withstanding. of the U.S.or The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the men- treaties, the hers of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial the la a taw of officers, both-of the United States and of the several States, shall be Oath or afr- bound, by oath or affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no oration to sup- religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or tuPP°t'.'•totthhe Coned- public trust under the United States. No religious ART. VII. The ratification of the conventions of nine States, shall be test a gnalifica- suficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States Ratification of so ratifying the same. the Constitution. Done in Convention,by the unanimous consent of the States present,the seventeenth day of September,in the year of our Lord one thousand' (a) Prigg v.The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 16 Peters, 639. The clause in the Constitution re- lating to fugitives from labour manifestly contemplates the existence of a positive,unqualified right on the part of the owner of the nave,which no State Iaw or regulation can in any way qualify,regulate control,or restrain. Any law or regulation which interrupts,limits,delays,or postpones the rights of the owner to the immediate command of'his service or labour,operates pro tanto,a discharge of the slave therefrom, The question can never be how much he is discharged from; but whether he is dis- charged from any Service by the natural and necessary operation of the State laws,or State regulations. The question is not one of quantity and degree,but of withholding or controlling the incidents of a peal. 'five right. The owner of a fugitive slave has the same right to take him in a State to which he has escaped or fled,that he had in the State from which he escaped; and it is well known that this right to seizure or re-capture is universally acknowledged in all the slave.holding States. Ibid. 20 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. seven hundred and eighty-seven,and of the independence of the United States of America the twelfth. in witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names. • GEORGE WASHINGTON, D'RnsIDENT, and Deputy from Virginia. New Hampshire.--John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman. Massachusetts.--Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. .C`vnnecticut.—.William Samuel Johnson,Roger Sherman. New York,--Alexander Hamilton. New Jersey.--William Livingston,David BrearIey,William Paterson, Jonathan Dayton. Pennsylvania.—Benjamin Franklin,Thomas Mifl3in,Robert Morris, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll,James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris. .Delaware.--George Read, Gunning Bedford, Jun., John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jaeob Broom. Maryland.—James M'Henry, Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, Daniel Carroll. Virginia..--John Blair, James Madison, Jun. North Carolina.--William Blount, Richard Dobbs Spaight, Hugh Williamson. • South Carolina.--John Rutledge, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pietce Butler. Georgia.—William Few, Abraham Baldwin. Attest: - WILLIAra Jacnsort, Secretary. • . •• .. :4.v,Yam??�- ... AMENDMENTS• • • TO THE CONST • ITUTTON..(a) • . • • ART. I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of Religion. religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof;•or-abridging the free- Speech. Right door of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to of petition. assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. ART. II. A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a anRight to bear free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be p ' infringed. ART.III. No soldier shall,in time of peace,be quartered in any house Quartering of without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war,but in a manner "I -ers. to be prescribed by law. ART.IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons,houses, Unreasonable papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,shall searches and not be violated; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, b t es prohi. supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place •No warrant to to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.(b) issue but on ART. V. No person shall,be held to answer for a capital or otherwise tion or affirms, infamous crime, unless on a presentment or.indictment of a grand jury, Trials for cap. except hi cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, ital ofrences,or when in actual service, in time of war or public.danger; nor shall any infamsus imes. person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of c No one to be life or limb;(c) nor shall be compelled,in any criminal case, to be wit- twice put 0/le ness against hhimself; nor be deprived of life, liberty,or property,with- or lrmb,yfor the out due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public same offence. use without just compensation. Private prop- ART. VI. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the tartkyen for publicnot to right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and- use without just district wherein the crime shall have been committed,which district shall compensation. • have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the in cr minal3nry nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses cases. against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his Trial by jury il favour; and to leave the assistance of counsel for his defence. in cxce oases. ssiveART. VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy not to be reb� shall exceed twenty dollars,the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; quued, nor ex- and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of n flicted. the United States than according-to the rules of the common Iaw.(d) Enumeration ART. VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines of rights construed to imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. deny or dispar. ART.IX. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights,shall age those re- not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. re- tain by the le. Re. ART. X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Con- served powers. (a) The first ten of these amendments were proposed by Congress,(with others which were not ratified by three fourths of the legislatures of the several states,)by resolution of 1789, post,pp.97,98,and were ratified before 1791. The eleventh amendment was proposed by Congress by resolution of the year 1794 post,p.402,and was ratified before 1796. The twelfth article was proposed by Congress by resolution of • October,1803,vol.2,p.306,and was ratified before September,I804. (6) Er parte Burford,S Crancbr448; 1 Cond.Rep.594. (c) United States v. Haskell and Francis,4 Wash.C.C.R.402. United States v.Gilbert, 2 Sumner'e C.C.R.19. (d) The amendments to the Constitution of the United States,by which the trial by jury was secured, may,in a just sense,be well construed to embrace all suits which are not of equity or admiralty jurisdic- tion, whatever may be the form they may assume to settle legal rights. Parsons v. Bedford et al. 3 Peters,433. 21 • 22 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. • ' - • • stitution,nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively or to the people. Limitation of ART. XI. The,judicial power of the United States shall not be con- thee diciai strued to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State,or by citi- zens or subjects of any foreign State.(a) Election of Ater. XII. § i.(b) The electors shall meet in their respective States, President and and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at ffee President least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice President; and they shall. • make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President and of all per,. sons voted for as Vice President, and of tie number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall,in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives,,open all the'certificates, and the votes shall tlien be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority,then from the persons having the highest numbers,not exceed- ing three, on the list of those voted for as President,the House of Re- presentatives shall choose immediately by ballot the President. But in choosing the President,the votes shall be taken by States,the represen- tation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the Hotise of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them,before the fourth day of March next following,then the Vice President shall act as President,as in the case of the death or other constitutional.disability of the President. §2. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President shall be the Vice•President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice President: a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. •§ 3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States. - • (a) The ganendment to the Constitution by which the judicial power was declared not to extend to any suit commenced or prosecuted by a citizen or citizens of another State,or by foreign subjects against a State,prevented'the exercise of jurisdiction in any case past or future. Hollingsworth v.The State of Virginia,3 Dail.378; 1 Cond.Itep.169. (6) This amendment was proposed in October,1903,and was ratified before September, 1904. • • h l • r f .. • From: Colin Onaka Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 10:34 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Bill 66 Council members, I was recently informed about bill 66 and after doing research I find this bill to be very confusing, misleading and filled with things that once again does not benefit the greater good of the"local" people. To start with any bill that has 300 plus pages makes me doubt transparency. This only happens in government where people get paid by tax dollars to draft up wording to purposely confuse constituents. 1. 13. Incentivize private land management practices that protect and enhance natural resource values and when appropriate, pursue the acquisition of lands for the protection of natural resources. (Response). Is the County now a tax funded environmental agency? Perhaps the County should "protect"what they already have and do not. This is one of many considered policies that is a total over reach of government. I am against this bill and until it can be simplified with keeping in mind that Hawai'i County is not and should consider themselves a tax funded environmental cheerleader. Thank you, Colin Onaka • Colin Onaka PO Box 125 Holualoa, HI 96725 • Ph: 808-960-7373 DISCLAIMER: The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon, this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. If you receive this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material from any computer. i From: Sharman O'Shea Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 2:18 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66—SECOND READIN Aloha County of Hawaii Council: I strongly oppose Bill 66. This bill goes too far, too fast, and puts private property rights at risk. The language around land acquisition and"open space"use creates real concern that residents could lose control over their own property.At the same time, policies pushing dense development and major transportation changes ignore the realities of living on a rural island. This plan is not balanced, and it does not reflect the will or needs of many residents.A proposal with this level of impact should not move forward without clearer protections and broader community support. PLEASE Vote NO on Bill 66. Mahalo Nui Loa, Sharman O'Shea • • From: ascendingstarseed • Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 11:53 AM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Subject: Vehemently and Respectfully Oppose GP 2045• Dear Council Members, I'm a homeowner in Hpp,the Puna District. I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process.A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate, transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. My home in HPP is my retirement home,the place where I chose to live out my final years.YOU, an individual elected to protect my rights, are obligated by your oath to the Constitution,to respectfully serve the community's needs and interests. I can't imagine any resident would agree to this authoritarian plan to seize our land and vehicles, and herd us into small, cramped community's. Like many others I left the mainland to find a peaceful place to retire, away from crowded city's and suburbs. Rural living is a choice many of us made and for council members to vote away our lifestyle is a crime against humanity, and God. Please chose wisely,your soul is at stake,you will be judged. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, 1 Annette O'Toole HPP,/Puna District, Big Island • From: Gregory Perna Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 1:15 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Opposition to Bill 66 County of Hawai'i Hawai'i County Building 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, HI 96720 To the Hawai'i City Council Members: My name is Gregory Perna and I am a relatively new resident in the Seaview, Pahoa area. I have been a resident on the mainland all my life and have moved across the country having experiences in major cities and smaller towns. I consider myself a very good gauge when it comes to observing changes, impacts and development, in general that potentially impacts the quality of life for individuals. q y I have been advised of a Bill that is in for final vote with the Council and I also see that it carries with it strongopinions residents of this island. p from the I like to think that our city government officials are always looking out for our individual interests. UnfortunatelyI have l Y and time again that what goes on within earned time planning is not always in the best regards policies and Bards for the people. Just recently I learned that the city Mayor of Sedona, to whom we rejected from the start, was found guilty of fraudulent practices. This seems to be an ongoing issue in our government bodies. I'm not saying that is what is happening in Hawai'i, but for the United States in general, there seems to be an underlying Y g 1 thread ofgovernment "changes" being driven iven by some form of greater and greater population control and manipulation and it not always being for the benefit of the people. I stand on the premise that we just need to be careful, no matter who is holding these very important positions in any government body .. With that I will submit my concerns about this Bill 66 and ask . to please make due notation of my opposition. The particular issues that indicate this Bill is not in the complete and transparent benefit of the people are the following: • Property Grabs: Page 41 (Action 1.13) authorizes the County to "acquire l without ethics lands" without explicit limits or protections against eminent domain. Thisis simply and undermines our personal investments. • Erosion of Land Rights en s 111 ace networks" (Section 17.4) pushes to incorporate private land improvements into pub p p without fair compensation. This too is unfair to the commitment andinvestments stricter rulprop toerty owners have undertaken. Governments are trying to set into law n favor government ownership and rights while undermining the rights and" otect to funnel ions of the people. • Forced Clustering: Section 4.0 dictates "compact development residents into tightly packed urban zones, this creates too high density in more open rural lifestyle environments. • Vehicle Ownership: Section 4.2 outlines aggressive our " ve rural' mandates that critics warn will phase out gas and diesel vehicles island. I would advise the submission of scientific carbon studies revealing e li and thatcoo the he. These massive and aggressive carbon cuts will cause further globalwarming studies have shown a balance is needed for carbon output. Eliminating into iaons , intotal will be catastrophic. A non-biased scientific set of studies must be rather than the biased studies in favor of big corporations' financial goals. Please show this video when this topic comes up for discussion: https://youtu.be/FWxVPaMdUpQ?si=hJaialZhXO0VeJeX Respectfully submitted 2 From: Monica Pezze Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 7:41 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66- Second Reading Aloha Hawaii County Council Members, My name is Monica Pezze, and I am a Hawaii Island resident. I am writing to respectfully oppose Bill 66, Draft 2,the General Plan 2045, and to ask the Council to postpone the final vote or vote NO as currently written. Hawaii Island is not like O`ahu. Many of us live rural, agricultural, off-grid, and spread-out lives.We depend on our land, our vehicles, our animals, our farms, our catchment systems, our tools, and our open space.Any long-term plan that affects land use, development,transportation, energy, infrastructure, agriculture, and rural communities must be handled carefully and transparently. A 300+ page General Plan should not be rushed through without the full understanding of the people it will affect. Even if the plan is described as a guide, General Plans influence future zoning, permitting, funding priorities, land-use decisions, and future laws.That means the language in this plan matters. Before any final vote, residents deserve clear answers: Will private property rights be fully protected? Will rural and agricultural landowners still be able to use, improve, and pass down their land? Will off-grid families be protected? Will rural residents who depend on gas and diesel vehicles be protected from unrealistic transportation policies? Will future zoning or land-use changes be forced onto communities without meaningful public consent? Will private land ever be used for public goals without fair compensation? I am not against responsible planning. I am against approving a massive long-term plan without enough public trust, plain-language explanations, and clear protections for,the people who actually live here. I respectfully urge the Council to: Postpone the final vote on Bill 66; Hold more public meetings across the island, especially in rural communities; Provide a clear, plain-language explanation of how this plan affects property rights, rural land use, farming, off-grid living,transportation, and future zoning; Add explicit protections for private property owners, agricultural land, rural lifestyles, and fair compensation; Or vote NO on Bill 66 as currently written. Please slow this process down. Hawaii Island residents deserve time, clarity, and protection before a plan this large and far-reaching is adopted. Mahalo for your time and service. Respectfully, Monica Pezze This affects our basic rights to life, liberty, property, self-sufficiency, and the ability to pursue a safe and meaningful life on our own land." 1 From: Nancy Pisicchio Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 3:14 PM To: Council Testimony; Kierkiewicz, Ashley; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Hustace,James; Darrow, Jeffrey W.; Morrison, Bethany J; Kimball, Heather; Inaba, Holeka Subject: Please Support Bill 66 draft 2 liraagaraMagg. ; i . Nancy Pisicchio 74-5576 Pawai Place, Suite J, Box 695 Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 June 1, 2026 Subject: Please support Bill 66, draft 2, General Plan 2045 Dr. Holeka Goro Inaba, Council Chair, and Members of the Hawai'i County Council County of Hawai'i 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawai'i 96720 Dear Dr. Holeka Goro Inaba and Members of the Hawai'i County Council: A "political football" is an idiom describing an issue that opposing politicians or community members seize and use to score points, gain public support, or deliver criticism. Opposing sides argue over it and exploit it for strategic gain. Sadly, the County of Hawai'i General Plan 2045 has been thrown around like a political football.This has been very painful to watch. I am hopeful that our legislative body, the County Council, is ready to end this game and to approve the General Plan 2045. After the adoption of the General Plan 2045, potential interim amendments can be thoughtfully examined on a case-by-case basis with the attention they deserve. Mahalo for your willingness to serve the people and the Island of Hawai'i. Respectively, Nancy Pisicchio 1 From: Susan Postnikoff Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 7:54 PM To: Council Testimony Cc: Susan Postnikoff Subject: Concerns regarding GP 2045 I do not agree with GP 2045, and I believe it has has several issues including the following: 1. map errors and omissions that could affect future land use decisions. 2. broad and vague policy language that may allow future administrations to reinterpret land use, development, and community priorities. 3. goals, policies, and actions that may exceed the County's ability and resources to implement . effectively. 4. creates uncertainty for property owners by giving'significant discretion to future decision-makers. 5. Places greater emphasis on infrastructure and growth management,which could influence future development opportunities and property use. 6.The final plan does not adequately reflect the concerns raised by the community throughout the planning process. Warmest Regards, Susan Postnikoff 77 Hauoli Street, Hilo, HI 96720 1 From: Ron Reilly • Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 11:01 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Support for Bill 66—General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Aloha Chair and Members of the Hawaii County Council, My name is Ronald Reilly. I live in Volcano, Hawaii Island. I'm writing to ask the Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 with its targets and accountability • structures intact, and to reject amendments that remove quantitative benchmarks,the energy and resilience framework, or the biocultural stewardship provisions. I would like to remind Council members of the Oct 16, 2019 County of Hawaii Resolution 322-19... DECLARING A HAWAI'I COUNTY CLIMATE EMERGENCY AND REQUESTING REGIONAL COLLABORATION TOWARD AN IMMEDIATE JUST TRANSITION AND EMERGENCY MOBILIZATION EFFORT TO RESTORE A SAFE CLIMATE". Resolution 322-19 passed with unanimous support from Council members: Chung, David, Eoff, Kierkiewicz, Lee Loy, Poindexter.Absent: Kaneali'i-Kleindfelder and Richards. Two of the Council 2019 members sit on today's County Council, and I respectfully urge them (and the entire Council)to reject amendments to the General Plan 2045 that removes(in addition to the provision mentioned above) an entire chapter on climate change[1] -a chapter that has even more significance and urgency today, than imagined in 2019. I care deeply about this because, as I read the General Plan 2045, I see a comprehensive vision for Hawaii Island's future with measurable benchmarks to mark our successful actions and our progress toward a just, equitable, and sustainable clean-energy future for all. Please vote to pass Bill 66 and the General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Mahalo, Ron Reilly Volcano Village 96785 Member of Citizens' Climate Lobby- Hawaii Hawaii Electric Vehicle Association Sustainable Energy Hawaii Union of Concerned Scientists 1 From: Bryan Revell Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 3:57 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Plan 2045 Subject: Oppose GP 2045 • • Dear Council Members, As a Kanaka Maoli and resident of Hawaii. I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been,meaningfully addressed. • The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for.future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. • Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process.A plan intended to guide Hawaii Island for decades should be accurate,transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. • For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. 1 Mahato for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Furthermore you all swore an oath to serve the public and uphold the constitution of Hawaii.This would be a violation of both stripping any legal immunity away from those pushing this bill.You would be liable to civil and criminal charges. The corporation that was the United States of America is bankrupt amd defunct amd being operated unlawfully under foreign agents.This is fact DO NOT FOLLOW THEM!!! Sincerely, BRYAN MAKANA REVELL of the Mahi clan loyal subject of the Kingdom of Hawaii amd Hawaiian Kingdom. . • 2 From: Ruth Robison Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 4:35 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong Support for Bill 66 -the 2045 General Plan Dear Members of the Hawai'i County Council: My name is Ruth Robison and I have lived in Hilo since 1982. I strongly support Bill 66. I urge the County Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 with its targets and accountability structures intact. The 2045 General Plan took 11 years to develop, through a process that involved the County government, planning commissioners, and community members across the island. Many public workshops, draft reviews, and comment periods were held starting in 2015. The final draft was released in 2024. There is a proposed amendment to Bill 66, which would significantly change the 2045 General Plan. The amendment removes the plan's chapter on energy, sustainability, and resilience. It removes every measurable target, including the commitment to eliminate fossil-fuel electricity generation, the County fleet electrification timeline, the transit ridership goal, and the zero-waste target. It removes the "just transition" equity framework. It removes the biocultural stewardship structure that took years of community input to build. It removes accountability. The proposed amendment would significantly reduce the value of the general plan. I support Hawai'i's movement toward energy independence through locally generated clean energy, including geothermal, solar, and wind. State law requires county plans to work toward eliminating dependence on imported fuel. The 2045 General Plan includes targets that are aligned with that mandate. Removing them puts the County out of alignment with state law. Please approve the 2045 General Plan which was created through an extensive eleven-year, multi- stage process. Thank you for the opportunity to testify and thank you for your service to the people of Hawai'i County. Sincerely, Ruth Robison Hawai'i County District 02 Ruth E. Robison, Ph D International Educator(Retired) 743 Kaumana Drive Bldg B * Hilo, HI 96720-1876 * USA Phone (808) 935.7991 1 From: Jancis Salerno Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 3:19 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: I oppose General plan 2045 Aloha, I oppose General Plan 2045 for a significant number of reasons that do not support landowners. Let us take time to craft something that is positive for Hawaii... no rush. • Too big to succeed. The plan contains hundreds of goals, policies, and actions that exceed the County's available resources and capacity to implement. • Too many map errors. Council Member James Hustace found seven errors in just one district. Land use decisions should not be based on maps that still contain significant mistakes. • Too much vague language. Broad and unclear policies could allow future administrations to reinterpret land use, development, and community priorities without direct public approval. • Creates uncertainty for property owners. The plan gives future decision-makers significant discretion, making it difficult for residents to know how policies may affect their land in the future. • Moves growth decisions toward infrastructure planning. The plan places significant emphasis on utilities, infrastructure, and designated growth areas, which could influence where future development is encouraged or discouraged. • Not enough local control. The final plan does not reflect the concerns and testimony repeatedly expressed by community members throughout the process. Mahalo, Jan Salerno Kona Kailua 96740 1 From: Deborah Sevy Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 5:33 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: appose general plan 2045 Aloha, I have many Concerns with GP 2045! A few are... • Contains MANY map errors and omissions that could affect future land use decisions. • Includes broad and vague policy language that may allow future administrations to reinterpret land use, development, and community priorities. • Contains hundreds of goals, policies, and actions that may exceed the County's ability and resources to implement effectively. • Creates uncertainty for property owners by giving significant discretion to future decision-makers. • Places greater emphasis on infrastructure and growth management,which could influence future development opportunities and property use. • The final plan does not adequately reflect the concerns raised by the community throughout the planning process. Please listen to what the people who live here want to see happen! Mahalo, i From: viktoriya shishikin Sent: Wednesday,June 3, 2026 11:38 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING • I oppose all of what this bill stands for, including Property Grabs: Page 41 (Action 1.13) authorizes the County to "acquire private lands" without explicit limits or protections against eminent domain. • XErosion of Land Rights: Page111 (Section 17.4) into public "open space networks" without fair compensation.to incorporate private land improvements • XForced Clustering: Section 4.0 dictates "compact development" to funnel residents into tight) packed urban zones, threatening our rural lifestyle. y • XVehicle Ownership Threats: Section 4.2 outlines aggressive "net-zero" mandates that critics warn will phase out gas and diesel vehicles on our massive rural island This is against our rights as a free country with you over reaching and controlling the public is ways that are not beneficial to us. • From: LaDonna Shively Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 1:56 AM To: Kierkiewicz,Ashley; Hustace,James; Inaba, Holeka;Villegas, Rebecca;Galimba, Michelle M.; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt; Onishi, Dennis; Kagiwada,Jennifer;Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather Subject: Re: Support GP 2026/Oppose GP 2045 On Thu,Apr 30, 2026 at 8:36 AM LaDonna Shively<lshively_8_©. mai•[com>wrote: Dear Council Members/Planning Commissioners, I respectfully urge you to support GP 2026 and reject GP 2045. I support GP 2026 for three main reasons: 1. GP 2026 better protects local control and private property rights. It provides clearer guidance without the broad policy layers and discretionary overreach found in GP 2045. It functions as a practical general plan rather than a sweeping social framework. 2. GP 2026 is simpler, clearer, and more accountable. GP 2045 contains hundreds of goals and expansive policy overlays that risk growing bureaucracy and diluting accountability. GP 2026 is more concise, understandable, and easier for residents and officials to follow. 3. GP 2026 puts local residents,agriculture,and community stability first. It focuses on practical planning needs—housing, agriculture, infrastructure, and support for local communities—rather than abstract long-range agendas that may not reflect the priorities of Hawai'i residents. Please support a plan that protects local people, respects private property, and keeps planning accountable. It is extremely important to my husband and I who have resided full-time and paid property tax s in Hawaii for many decades now, that our private property rights are protected. Mahalo for your service and for supporting GP 2026, and thank you for your attention to these important matters. Sincerely, LaDonna Shively • From: Steve Shropshire Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 1:45 PM To: Council Testimony; Clerk-Council Attachments: Courrent Current Zoning and LUPAG Maps - For past 60 years.pdf; 35CF9517- CACO-4285-B835-EBF5AA3DD9B8.pdfi General Plan- 2045 Propsed Land Use Map Papaikou .png Testimony - Draft 2 General Plan- Hawaii County Council. Dear Council Member, Thank you for the opportunity to provide the following comments and concerns regarding Draft 2 of the 2045 General Plan. I purchased my Papaikou property TMK:(3) -2-7-004:25 in 2001. One of the key factor in my decision to purchase this parcel was its designation in the LUPAG as "Low Density Urban" (LDU). The current draft of the 2045 General Plan proposes changing the historic designation from Low Density Urban, to Importion mportant Agriculture (IA), with a small portion remaining in LDU, which I believe would be a strategic error for the following reasons. This parcel of land has been designated for urban expansion for the past 60 years due to its strategic location and available infrastructure. That was true then, and is even more valid today, and will become critically important in the years ahead given the current struggle to provide workforce housing for Hawaii's people. Attached are some of the other reasons why,the parcel should remain in LDU for your consideration. 1. Available infrastructure Water- A County well and storage tank is available to the parcel with possible upgrades required, Note- 10"water service line was recently installed adjacent to property. Ample water (aquifer) is available at site for private wells. Waste Water-The County waste water facility has ample capacity to service 300+ homes, with sewage transmission lines currently installed at site. Note- Building more than 50 homes requires a waste water treatment system, which would be cost prohibitive.. Electrical -Phase 3 power available to site. Bus service is available to the site. School- Kalanianaole School K-6 adjacent to the site. i Property adjoins the Hawaii Belt Road which will minimize the impact on smaller feeder streets. Property has a large number of existing interior roadways, thus reducing the overall project cost. Property is outside of Lava Zones l&2. • Ocean access- A residential project will be required to provide recreational access to ocean as well as providing needed parking. Urban infill vs sprawling growth- The property is surrounded by residential neighborhoods on all sides. 2. Affordable Housing Crisis Thousands of people that are currently waiting for housing will be given an opportunity to live in a unique community that offers ocean recreation, farming, walkability and closer connections between neighbors. Needed services will be made available in the neighborhood commercial center (medical clinic, Kupuna and Keiki care, cafe etc..) Project has wide ranging support with various groups including Native Hawaiians, Habitat for Humanity, Hope Services etc 3. Agriculture and Housing Available agricultural land on Hawaii island-It is estimated that less than 4% of Hawaii Island is used for growing crops. The subject parcel represents a fraction of a percent of available agricultural land on the island. There is more than enough ample land available on Hawaii Island alone to feed our entire state's population, many times over. The proposed agricultural community concept will provide residents with individual garden plots which will enable them to grow food on the undeveloped portion of the site (which is estimated to be at least 40 acres). The existing land use patterns of large oceanfront agricultural parcels has predominately been the creation of gentleman estates, which are normally gated and screened from the highway using dense vegetation and do not benefit the greater community. 2. Smart Growth Principles- These nationally recognized principles are intended to identify a common ground where developers, environmentalists, public officials, community members and others to find acceptable ways to accommodate growth. Agrivillages are a mix of agriculture, housing, commercial services and open space and are an example of providing smart growth. Papaikou Agrivllage will be a model project for the island and the state 2 Green energy, agriculture, access to ocean and recreation, commercial services,pocket neighborhood, closer community relationships (plantation villages). Walkable healthy neighborhoods- The project is already a favorite spot for families to walk their dogs, strollers etc. Pocket Neighborhoods design increases socialization within the community. Project Architect is Ross Chapin, Founder of the "pocket neighborhood" design concept (https://pocket neighborhoods.net). Project Summary The agrivillage project is a clustered residential community integrated with agriculture, designed for mixed-income and multigenerational residents. The primary layout features "pocket neighborhoods,"where 6-12 homes are grouped around shared spaces, promoting neighborly interaction. The concept of"agrarian urbanism" extends beyond food production, encouraging a lifestyle centered on farm-to-table activities. Residents are expected to contribute time and effort to the community's food system instead of maintaining traditional suburban lawns. Key project objectives include: • Safe and inviting entry: Traffic-calming measures and pedestrian crossings connect the community to Papaikou Village. • Affordable housing: A mix of housing types and tenure (rentals, land trusts) caters to various income levels, including low- to middle-income families. Papaikou Agrivillage vs. General Plan 2045:Alignment Analysis • Project Objectives 1. Minimum 51% affordable units via HRS §201 H process 2. Concentrated development on less thna 50% of property; remainder in agriculture/open space 3. Clustered pocket neighborhoods 4. Mix of rental types (apartments, multiplex, single-family), 5. Sweat equity homeownership (Habitat for Humanity partnership) 6. Community land trust leasehold-to-ownership pathway 7. Smaller footprint "gap group" homeownership units 8. On-site care home for senior housing 9. Open space/pathways network including shoreline trail 10. Agricultural lifestyle continuum (commercial ag 4 community gardens 4 volunteer opportunities) 11 . Small commercial area for convenience/gathering 12. Transition from urban to rural setting 3 Strong Alignment Areas 1. Affordable Housing Priority& §201 H The GP explicitly endorses the §201 H mechanism. Policy 39.3 states that affordable housing projects receiving development benefits—including "special approvals (including HRS, Section 201-H)"— must maintain affordability for not less than 20 years. Action 39.g directs the County to adopt a program "similar to HRS, Section 201 H, that encourages development, reduces cost, and simplifies permitting."The project's 51% affordability commitment directly satisfies this framework. 2. Mixed Housing Types / Missing Middle Policy 37.2 calls to "incentivize a mix of diverse housing types, including missing middle housing, smaller house designs, and mixed-income communities." The project's blend of apartments, multiplexes, single-family, and smaller gap-group units is a textbook example of what the GP is trying to produce. 3. Innovative & Experimental Housing Policy 37.4 supports "experimental housing, energy efficiency, and compact housing communities." Policy 39.2 specifically calls for "innovative and experimental housing types." The agrivillage concept—pocket neighborhoods, community land trust, sweat equity, integrated ag lifestyle—maps directly to these policies. 4. Community Land Trust Policy 39.7 directs the County to "enable housing programs that implement a land trust strategy for publicly owned parcels."The project proposes CLT leasing as a pathway to homeownership— exactly the mechanism the GP wants to enable and expand. 5. Clustered Development/ Cluster Plan Development Policy 9.4 supports "mechanisms, such as PUD and Cluster Plan Development (CPD), that group parcel density." Policy 15.6 states that development on agricultural lands "should be clustered to minimize impact."The project's design—concentrating development on 50% of the site while preserving the remainder— aligns precisely with both policies. • 6. Proximity to Urban Center/ Infrastructure Policy 37.3 prioritizes "new housing including the missing middle in or near mixed-use developments, urban growth areas with infrastructure." Policy 39.10 states affordable housing projects "should have sufficient open space and recreational amenities or be located near public facilities." Papaikou's proximity to Hilo—with sewer, water, schools, and services available—satisfies this locational priority directly. 7. Senior Housing/Aging-in-Place 4 Policy 39.9 directs the County to "enable and encourage the development of affordable retirement communities and aging-in-place opportunities that are located near services." The proposed on-site care home fits squarely within this objective: 8. Agriculture+ Housing Integration Policy 15.1 states that development in agricultural areas "should include agricultural uses, related economic infrastructure and cottage industries, compatible renewable energy, open area recreational uses, community facilities, and compatible agriculture worker housing." The agrivillage's continuum of commercial ag to community gardens to a processing center and farmers market directly matches this policy's vision. 9. Food Systems / Community Gardens / Farmers Markets Action 46.m directs the County to adopt procedures allowing community gardens on public lands. Action 46.o supports expanding farmers market permits into rural areas lacking commercial-zoned lands. The project's built-in farmers market and community gardens track these actions. 10. Urban-to-Rural Transition / Open Space Preservation The GP's Affordable Housing Character Guidelines (Table 40) call for projects to be "ideally located in proximity to and integrated into existing and proposed urban and rural centers." The agrivillage's explicit design as a transition from urban to rural—with 50% open space/ag buffer—aligns with this guideline and with Policy 15.4 to "preserve agricultural character, including the open space preserved by agricultural land." 11. Islandwide Housing Crisis Framing The GP's housing section explicitly acknowledges a housing crisis, noting that 43% of housing units were deemed unaffordable in 2020, and that the North Hilo—Hamakua Coast Villages have among the lowest percentages of affordable housing countywide. Takemoto's testimony cites the same UHERO data (Tribune Herald 5/9/26). The GP's own trend analysis supports the argument that regional allocation needs rebalancing toward Hilo's orbit. 12. Pathway to Homeownership/ Equity-Building Action 39.e calls for an Affordable Housing Strategic Plan that "prioritizes home ownership for local families to build equity."The Habitat for Humanity sweat equity component and CLT homeownership pathway are direct implementations of this GP action item. Areas of Partial or Contextual Alignment Shoreline Trail The GP's open space and trails network policies (Policy 10.1, Action 35.x) affirmatively support shoreline trail development and public access. However, any trail element within the shoreline setback area would need to be evaluated under Planning Department Rule 11, which establishes the shoreline setback area as the land between the certified shoreline and 5 • • the setback line, with a standard minimum setback of 40 feet from the certified shoreline. :: Under Rule 11, a trail is a "structure" (defined to include pavement, walkways, and roads) and is therefore subject to 'review. That said, Rule 11 provides a practical pathway: a minor structure or activity proposed in the shoreline setback area does not require a variance if the Planning Department determines it would not affect beach processes, would not artificially fix the shoreline, and would not interfere with public access or public views to and along the shoreline. : A non-paved pedestrian footpath designed to enhance rather than restrict public shoreline access would likely qualify for this minor structure clearance, requiring only written approval from the Planning Department rather than a full variance from the Planning Commission. The trail concept therefore remains viable. it is an administrative clearance matter, not a project-level obstacle—and is in fact consistent with the GP's own policy framework for shoreline access. • Small Commercial Node Policy 13.21 encourages "a mix of uses near affordable housing and access to commercial and recreational facilities"—supportive in principle, but the project's commercial component would need to fit within Low Density Urban character guidelines (Table 22), which call for "neighborhood and convenience-type retail."A small convenience/gathering node appears well within that envelope. GP Preemption of the Hamakua CDP—A Substantive Policy Question Roy Takemoto's Part I testimony raises what is fundamentally a policy substance question, not merely a procedural one. The absence of explicit GP preemption language over CDPs is itself a policy gap—one that the GP 2045 drafters had the opportunity to address but did not. Filling that gap requires the County Council to make an affirmative policy determination: that the GP, as a charter-authorized islandwide instrument, should take precedence over CDPs when islandwide interests—such as a documented housing crisis—demand reallocation that a regional CDP resists. This involves weighing competing values: regional self- determination and the integrity of the CDP process on one side; islandwide equity, housing access, and the GP's hierarchical authority on the other. Takemoto's proposed findings— changed conditions, islandwide perspective, exceptional use, regional NIMBY—are not procedural workarounds; they are the substantive policy rationale the Council would need to articulate and adopt. The Council's decision on Bill 66 is therefore a precedent-setting policy statement about the relationship between islandwide and regional planning authority in Hawaii County—one that will shape how future conflicts between the GP and CDPs are resolved across the island. Thank you for your time and consideration. Mahalo! 6 (1 Aloha Green Steve Shropshire P.O. Box 1146 Hilo, HI 96721 • steve(aalohagreen.com 808-895-0372 • Tsuneda, Kaci From:Steve Shropshire <steve@alohagreen.com> Sent:Tuesday, June 2, 2026 1:45 PM To:Council Testimony; Clerk-Council Attachments:Courrent Current Zoning and LUPAG Maps - For past 60 years.pdf; 35CF9517- CACO-4285-B835-EBF5AA3DD9B8.pdf; General Plan- 2045 Propsed Land Use Map Papaikou .png Testimony - Draft 2 General Plan- Hawaii County Council Dear Council Member, Thank you for the opportunity to provide the following comments and concerns regarding Draft 2 of the 2045 General Plan. I purchased my Papaikou property TMK:(3) -2-7-004:25 in 2001. One of the key factor in my decision to purchase this parcel was its designation in the LUPAG as "Low Density Urban" (LDU). The current draft of the 2045 General Plan proposes changing the historic designation from Low Density Urban, to Importion mportant Agriculture (IA), with a small portion remaining in LDU, which I believe would be a strategic error for the following reasons. This parcel of land has been designated for urban expansion for the past 60 years due to its strategic location and available infrastructure. That was true then, and is even more valid today, and will become critically important in the years ahead given the current struggle to provide workforce housing for Hawaii's people. Attached are some of the other reasons why the parcel should remain in LDU for your consideration. 1. Available infrastructure Water-A County well and storage tank is available to the parcel with possible upgrades required, Note- 10"water service line was recently installed adjacent to property. Ample water (aquifer) is available at site for private wells. Waste Water-The County waste water facility has ample capacity to service 300+ homes, with sewage transmission lines currently installed at site. Note- Building more than 50 homes requires a waste water treatment system, which would be cost prohibitive.. Electrical -Phase 3 power available to site. Bus service is available to the site. School- Kalanianaole School K-6 adjacent to the site. 1 Property adjoins the Hawaii Belt Road which will minimize the impact on smaller feeder streets. Property has a large number of existing interior roadways, thus reducing the overall project cost. Property is outside of Lava Zones 1&2. Ocean access- A residential project will be required to provide recreational access to ocean as well as providing needed parking. Urban infill vs sprawling growth- The property is surrounded by residential neighborhoods on all sides. 2. Affordable Housing Crisis Thousands of people that are currently waiting for housing will be given an opportunity to live in a unique community that offers ocean recreation, farming, walkability and closer connections between neighbors. Needed services will be made available in the neighborhood commercial center (medical clinic, Kupuna and Keiki care, cafe etc..) - Project has wide ranging support with various groups including Native Hawaiians, Habitat for Humanity, Hope Services etc 3. Agriculture and Housing Available agricultural land on Hawaii island - It is estimated that less than 4% of Hawaii Island is used for growing crops. The subject parcel represents a fraction of a percent of available agricultural land on the island. There is more than enough ample land available on Hawaii Island alone to feed our entire state's population, many times over. The proposed agricultural community concept will provide residents with individual garden plots which will enable them to grow food on the undeveloped portion of the site (which • is estimated to be at least 40 acres). The existing land use patterns of large oceanfront agricultural parcels has predominately been the creation of gentleman estates, which are normally gated and screened from the highway using dense vegetation and do not benefit the greater community. 2. Smart Growth Principles- These nationally recognized principles are intended to identify a common ground where developers, environmentalists, public officials, community members and others to find acceptable ways to accommodate growth. Agrivillages are a mix of agriculture, housing, commercial services and open space and are an example of providing smart growth. Papaikou Agrivllage will be a model project for the island and the state 2 From: Steve Shropshire Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 1:45 PM To: Council Testimony; Clerk-Council Attachments: Courrent Current Zoning and LUPAG Maps - For past 60 years.pdf; 35CF9517- CACO-4285-B835-EBF5AA3DD9B8.pdf; General Plan- 2045 Propsed Land Use Map Papaikou .png • Testimony - Draft 2 General Plan- Hawaii County Council Dear Council Member, Thank you for the opportunity to provide the following comments and concerns regarding Draft 2 of the 2045 General Plan. I purchased my Papaikou property TMK:(3) -2-7-004:25 in 2001. One of the key factor in my decision to purchase this parcel was its designation in the LUPAG as "Low Density Urban" (LDU). The current draft of the 2045 General Plan proposes changing the historic designation from Low Density Urban, to Importion mportant Agriculture (IA), with a small portion remaining in LDU, which I believe would be a strategic error for the following reasons. This parcel of land has been designated for urban expansion for the past 60 years due to its strategic location and available infrastructure. That was true then, and is even more valid today, and will become critically important in the years ahead given the current struggle to provide workforce housing for Hawaii's people. Attached are some of the other reasons why the parcel should remain in LDU for your consideration. 1. Available infrastructure Water- A County well and storage tank is available to the parcel with possible upgrades required, Note- 10"water service line was recently installed adjacent to property. Ample water (aquifer) is available at site for private wells. Waste Water -The County waste water facility has ample capacity to service 300+ homes, with sewage transmission lines currently installed at site. Note-Building more than 50 homes requires a waste water treatment system, which would be cost prohibitive.. Electrical -Phase 3 power available to site. Bus service is available to the site. School- Kalanianaole School K-6 adjacent to the site. 1 Property adjoins the Hawaii Belt Road which will minimize the impact on smaller feeder streets. Property has a large number of existing interior roadways, thus reducing the overall project cost. Property is outside of Lava Zones 1&2. Ocean access- A residential project will be required to provide recreational access to ocean as well as providing needed parking. Urban infill vs sprawling growth- The property is surrounded by residential neighborhoods on all sides. . 2. Affordable Housing Crisis Thousands of people that are currently waiting for housing will be given an opportunity to live in a unique community that offers ocean recreation, farming, walkability and closer connections between neighbors. Needed services will be made available in the neighborhood commercial center (medical clinic, Kupuna and Keiki care, cafe etc..) Project has wide ranging support with various groups including Native Hawaiians, Habitat for Humanity, Hope Services etc • 3. Agriculture and Housing Available agricultural land on Hawaii island- It is estimated that less than 4% of Hawaii Island is used for growing crops. The subject parcel represents a fraction of a percent of available agricultural land on the island. There is more than enough ample land available on Hawaii Island alone to feed our entire state's population, many times over. The proposed agricultural community concept will provide residents with individual garden plots which will enable them to grow food on the undeveloped portion of the site (which is estimated to be at least 40 acres). The existing land use patterns of large oceanfront agricultural parcels has predominately been the creation of gentleman estates, which are normally gated and screened from the highway using dense vegetation and do not benefit the greater community. 2. Smart Growth Principles- These nationally recognized principles are intended to identify a common ground where developers, environmentalists, public officials, community members and others to find acceptable ways to accommodate growth. Agrivillages are a mix of agriculture, housing, commercial services and open space and are an example of providing smart growth. Papaikou Agrivllage will be a model project for the island and the state 2 Green energy, agriculture, access to ocean and recreation, commercial services, pocket neighborhood, closer community relationships (plantation villages). Walkable healthy neighborhoods- The project is already a favorite spot for families to walk their dogs, strollers etc. Pocket Neighborhoods design increases socialization within the community. Project Architect is Ross Chapin, Founder of the "pocket neighborhood" design concept (https://pocket neighborhoods.net). Project Summary The agrivillage project is a clustered residential community integrated with agriculture, designed for mixed-income and multigenerational residents. The primary layout features "pocket neighborhoods,"where 6-12 homes are grouped around shared spaces, promoting neighborly interaction. The concept of"agrarian urbanism" extends beyond food production, encouraging a lifestyle centered on farm-to-table activities. Residents are expected to contribute time and effort to the community's food system instead of maintaining traditional suburban lawns. Key project objectives include: • Safe and inviting entry: Traffic-calming measures and pedestrian crossings connect the community to Papaikou Village. • Affordable housing: A mix of housing types and tenure (rentals, land trusts) caters to various income levels, including low- to middle-income families. Papaikou Agrivillage vs. General Plan 2045:Alignment Analysis Project Objectives 1 . Minimum 51% affordable units via HRS §201 H process 2. Concentrated development on less thna 50% of property; remainder in agriculture/open space 3. Clustered pocket neighborhoods 4. Mix of rental types (apartments, multiplex, single-family) 5. Sweat equity homeownership (Habitat for Humanity partnership) 6. Community land trust leasehold-to-ownership pathway 7. Smaller footprint "gap group" homeownership units 8. On-site care home for senior housing 9. Open space/pathways network including shoreline trail 10. Agricultural lifestyle continuum (commercial ag 4 community gardens 4 volunteer opportunities) 11. Small commercial area for convenience/gathering 12. Transition from urban to rural setting 3 Strong Alignment Areas ' 1.Affordable Housing Priority& §201 H The GP explicitly endorses the §201 H mechanism. Policy 39.3 states that affordable housing projects receiving development benefits—including "special approvals (including HRS, Section 201-H)"— must maintain affordability for not less than 20 years.Action 39.g directs the County to adopt a program "similar to HRS, Section 201 H, that encourages development, reduces cost, and simplifies permitting." The project's 51% affordability commitment directly satisfies this framework. 2. Mixed Housing Types / Missing Middle Policy 37.2 calls to "incentivize a mix of diverse housing types, including missing middle housing, smaller house designs, and mixed-income communities." The project's blend of apartments, multiplexes, single-family, and smaller gap-group units is a textbook example of what the GP is trying to produce. 3. Innovative & Experimental Housing • Policy 37.4 supports "experimental housing, energy efficiency, and compact housing communities." Policy 39.2 specifically calls for "innovative and experimental housing types." The agrivillage concept— pocket neighborhoods, community land trust, sweat equity, integrated ag lifestyle—maps directly to these policies. 4. Community Land Trust Policy 39.7 directs the County to "enable housing programs that implement a land trust strategy for publicly owned parcels."The project proposes CLT leasing as a pathwayto homeownership— exactly the mechanism the GP wants to enable and expand. 5. Clustered Development/ Cluster Plan Development Policy 9.4 supports "mechanisms, such as PUD and Cluster Plan Development (CPD), that group parcel density." Policy 15.6 states that development on agricultural lands "should be clustered to minimize impact."The project's design —concentrating development on 50% of the site while preserving the remainder—aligns precisely with both policies. 6. Proximity to Urban Center/ Infrastructure Policy 37.3 prioritizes "new housing including the missing middle in or near mixed-use developments, urban growth areas with infrastructure." Policy 39.10 states affordable housing projects "should have sufficient open space and recreational amenities or be located near public facilities." Papaikou's proximity to Hilo—with sewer, water, schools, and services available—satisfies this locational priority directly. 7. Senior Housing/Aging-in-Place 4 Policy 39.9 directs the County to "enable and encourage the development of affordable retirement communities and aging-in-place opportunities that are located near services." The proposed on-site care home fits squarely within this objective. 8. Agriculture+ Housing Integration Policy 15.1 states that development in agricultural areas "should include agricultural uses, related economic infrastructure and cottage industries, compatible renewable energy, open area recreational uses, community facilities, and compatible agriculture worker housing." The agrivillage's continuum of commercial ag to community gardens to a processing center and farmers market directly matches this policy's vision. 9. Food Systems/ Community Gardens / Farmers Markets Action 46.m directs the County to adopt procedures allowing community gardens on public lands. Action 46.o supports expanding farmers market permits into rural areas lacking commercial-zoned lands. The project's built-in farmers market and community gardens track these actions. 10. Urban-to-Rural Transition / Open Space Preservation The GP's Affordable Housing Character Guidelines (Table 40) call for projects to be "ideally located in proximity to and integrated into existing and proposed urban and rural centers." The agrivillage's explicit design as a transition from urban to rural—with 50% open space/ag buffer—aligns with this guideline and with Policy 15.4 to "preserve agricultural character, including the open space preserved by agricultural land." 11. Islandwide Housing Crisis Framing The GP's housing section explicitly acknowledges a housing crisis, noting that 43% of housing units were deemed unaffordable in 2020, and that the North Hilo—Hamakua Coast Villages have among the lowest percentages of affordable housing countywide. Takemoto's testimony cites the same UHERO data (Tribune Herald 5/9/26). The GP's own trend analysis supports the argument that regional allocation needs rebalancing toward Hilo's orbit. 12. Pathway to Homeownership/ Equity-Building Action 39.e calls for an Affordable Housing Strategic Plan that "prioritizes home ownership for local families to build equity."The Habitat for Humanity sweat equity component and CLT homeownership pathway are direct implementations of this GP action item. Areas of Partial or Contextual Alignment Shoreline Trail The GP's open space and trails network policies (Policy 10.1, Action 35.x) affirmatively support shoreline trail development and public access. However, any trail element within the shoreline setback area would need to be evaluated under Planning Department Rule 11, which establishes the shoreline setback area as the land between the certified shoreline and 5 the setback line, with a standard minimum setback of 40 feet from the certified shoreline. :: Under Rule 11, a trail is a "structure" (defined to include pavement, walkways, and roads) and is therefore subject to review. That said, Rule 11 provides a practical pathway: a minor structure or activity proposed in the shoreline setback area does not require a variance if the Planning Department determines it would not affect beach processes, would not artificially fix the shoreline, and would not interfere with public access or public views to and along the shoreline.:AA non-paved pedestrian footpath designed to enhance rather than restrict public shoreline access would likely qualify for this minor structure clearance, requiring only written approval from the Planning Department rather than a full variance from the Planning Commission. The trail concept therefore remains viable. it is an administrative clearance matter, not a project-level obstacle—and is in fact consistent with the GP's own policy framework for shoreline access. Small Commercial Node Policy 13.21 encourages "a mix of uses near affordable housing and access to commercial and recreational facilities"—supportive in principle, but the project's commercial component would need to fit within Low Density Urban character guidelines (Table 22), which call for "neighborhood and convenience-type retail." A small convenience/gathering node appears well within that envelope. GP Preemption of the Hamakua CDP—A Substantive Policy Question • Roy Takemoto's Part I testimony raises what is fundamentally a policy substance question, not merely a procedural one. The absence of explicit GP preemption language over CDPs is itself a policy gap—one that the GP 2045 drafters had the opportunity to address but did not. Filling that gap requires the County Council to make an affirmative policy determination: that the GP, as a charter-authorized islandwide instrument, should take precedence over CDPs when islandwide interests—such as a documented housing crisis— demand reallocation that a regional CDP resists. This involves weighing competing values: regional self- determination and the integrity of the CDP process on one side; islandwide equity, housing access, and the GP's hierarchical authority on the other. Takemoto's proposed findings— changed conditions, islandwide perspective, exceptional use, regional NIMBY—are not • procedural workarounds; they are the substantive policy rationale the Council would need to articulate and adopt. The Council's decision on Bill 66 is therefore a precedent-setting policy statement about the relationship between islandwide and regional planning authority in Hawaii County—one that will shape how future conflicts between the GP and CDPs are resolved across the island. Thank you for your time and consideration. Mahalo! 6 • 1 1` Aloha Green ;nn1+;w.u0n',ra^airs EPill Mf14 ShY1,rG'. Steve Shropshire P.O. Box 1146 Hilo, HI 96721 • steve(@alohagreen.com 808-895-0372 Existing Zoning Map Figure 2-2 County Zoning Page 9 Wit� " r J�71!{{rr otu „ 1 m�� W s` 11 EMI �W�y � ' 1 , �glil l II�" III — ( i s by ,,„ .0 111)I I > ` ra I I I �i v " III L .l a?'� H III I ( 0. a ,r, < } Zoning r� vs 4 / yra,4,�rw. ,�yy., //� I I ���q "GMk� 7� J j R 4.'",.ill , IIII r„l4a ® PeMionArea 'O 00 ZONE I I�,— . 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'"'�....+i.�rr''"''' neighborhoods Consider bioswale buffers where site �^r-,i+,a.,• �(. 9 ,'i-s Cansiderviewstoincreasethefeeling fans,pumpsandequipement • I S{ of t}"' 4 �;.�„ fi water moves toward lake,etc of connection to the outdoors �,�., .} - .• Recycle buildings and reduce, aste .`4 .4' }'rt„. ,t,,, ,t.,yt,. Pf Chooseefficientkitchenequipmen trt�t" 3 i�ra, lttY r, 1 +-"'` ''.y - Work Provide properly designed overhangs• i •{ '' Skwdhlocalsysfesr�aeral's, P P Y 9 9 c ,G °• k "w, r ' '.°,"' to reduce heat gain into the building r 3 E. 15w dY y and means �,.�,3 9 9 5 [halal* tsioa, t ' ;�w �,[c txrt� Efficieni-BuildingSkin Water Efficiency ' ;x r' Solar Access Fresh Air/Natural Venfilati natural resfuilt 01 . 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F t 3nf7 'z ' 11 fi' r' belfare„7,:r oducfngb7 intti0**,, reliance on gas or electrical water Con derwhol`e,krousefanfor .t r I : - y'� n'a rr'Y " ,,, Reduce air infiltration by installing air '� `4+ t +� -�,?"' t+ ,I '� n '"tr.': � Pargvtafeffiotvesltn t•;` heating rtto b l entanc ,ghtcool' I Y'i r. r r}a, )10..,11 ray znr� ,,rrr+ ,_4-�.,^ .e locks,good window and door weather •I r .. ,..,�9 -fed gardens t ,y tiJ fr a5i+t.Ar '. ri}"''''''lk '" 1 �'`r tk"rQiA K M+Z, _A47:+. 1 stripping,etc 'Gro�*�ato�sysfe ss F, �' productenergovoltaicsystemsto •y"'.�.• ' , r�r• F_ r f ,y� 4y " �*I r d' y,•' "2 'r't «--,,,j,^eg,tr n ,�s.', i " product energy `-t' w,,,Yr' € i r 1" '''P�s..yrrr, ,OLI "d4 C.r ++ i, Engin eredtvotl4nds= tM ,c,,• '"fir . ,,,,� Jh,* 1c Vlie'.*c •+{�' t o...V.,+y. an ;-/' ,x£'" Keep sun offofglazing as possible to ktt-. r''`l`�. ,dtr t ' k 7 k ° 'r'*,` reduce heatgairyoverhangs,porches,etc. f ow f�oy+ot no fio plubg[g f xfures Locate outdoor rooms to create Micro I�jS, c n Y G f ' dv.al•' „t!" � ,r'":1 �>,t).y`ix climates'to extend outdoor use on cool I?k �•a '' 'fJt'r ��,t'A r r IV'P I 't' i + f' f"xn.ri ',.Js,�"� ; On demandwate eating' r' z 00�- rrn {>Pyp`` I'• r r I}r,. sn e� Irr is Ii r1 a r - f ..ti a"� - MP0 dogs and seasons 3de. !-t 1ltr�fic i.*.1 '7,ri i -'- rr" +rt�+k'r}i Lt '"r Ir'> • p � , <.�..�� � :�c �.�. . -''� r" r n rci ,, zw• _ n u✓vx: -+rvrrc t Z MIS =oar ,M.T...Vr..).,,,.>> •,, 5�s� .vim., l J n i ;� 61 it � ,a����'3u�. r 1 ..d5ax." 1 , ! r. 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I. ..,'r' z, . ,ti 40-i'4O;:r .e Habitat for Humanity's vision is a world where everyone has a decent place to live. Anchored by the conviction that safe and decent affordable housing provides a critical foundation for breaking the cycle of poverty. • Helped 42 million+ people construct, rehabilitate, or preserve homes around the world since 1976. • Advocate for fair and just housing policy and provide training and access to resources. • Non-profit Christian ministry; Works in more than 70 countries welcoming people of all races, religions, and nationalities to partner. • Work with individuals within the community that demonstrate the following: 1. Willingness to Partner 2. Need for simple and decent affordable housing 3. Ability to pay back a no-profit loan JOilrlrir n w,f vre m�A' III PI una I 0 I ff J. * � RP1�1 NIPf Inlmi �K � 1.4 71 fl i), 11 t , -1 2ti f• r 1 # ow ray .„,,,„ „ ppIr a . ,_ . ,, , . . . �,,,il�pV����11� b/ y,6,,AID,'� 0w�✓• it..¢a 4.1: x h, - e Yr�Hv{'�� ���q �", J ,Illmirl� I . r n �I,�..IN�I i i +s,;lllllll,��i 9 w i��rV��a�uio� r)h'E� r � -v 0k1�` y Lp' w IS S�i r C.�+' roi 4 f! � � II II III lid � iii����I I IY�ui�ul n(Gi��'a>,vr � y nm 7:614'li!irliiitip u p� ��}�1 �i �1I111111 III IfYllll�ll���rr y♦nh iI 4II 'rm eVligk fWe want to talk about: �r� ;;,�rdbr . ,, �, ��,,;���� ,.; � �a ���n��� u '� ��v 9 gem a "bail ' 4a 4;!" . dII181�roi1iii /, - ry mw vma lu n i� o A 6.! 7 • Design Process 5 minutes) ,” „- u, a:;�H 1,00 „ ..� ti �� ,�° NI ' Illl�l�iil'1����loiiiu • Pocket Neighborhoods (10 minutes) ,. ��� � , , u . .JA,Al�{Ill�,llll� I L 9�;;,�,��,�� • Agrivillage Case Studies (10 minutes) '. w,M' "-A.',��. ` ,"y__, • Initial Patterns & Discussion (50+ I\/linutes) N— r ° xi ., . , % n.r.� `. 1� " daixNt nea..' F, Mom. We want to learn from you: t - , °�; x;. r 3 • Your reaction to the presentation ,, k.ya t ��__,✓✓` ' ' � ,�1 `• What are the real issues to resolve? - =` 07 ,." ., • What must this project include to be -,, ` ' . , successful? , 74,,,,, ,,n M~~ , 4 uf ' T n�o w,', 7t�1Gr4 rc�'Y.�9Rtr{kt ����� n�i�iM .�lx �f r D e s 1 n P ro c e s s t��. ��ra�r,������ ��.,,, , • .�,�������,lU,�a����.�t�n,af.��� - ,, xr , ..,,,,,,„„ ._,,,. . . „ :,.,,,,,,.„,,,,,„,,,,, • Listeningto neighbors, communitystakeholders, �ON,: oluUUlj . s 1, � �" ' " '' g „rw,�hri�El4 IIII 91'�II v I III,I�UI��m p VA ma Ilh pry�ilr �;;' �r/` � 1,4 J 4Y u � ��� 1,,. . : ..• � iu .6 1�w 111'6t0aif '� �,P. N11 Tt✓ tail �4 1,f ;P`j I officials, others I �Illi4n��1�iilu l°'III!"� °I F I�r . i "� ii•4• II �� ���� Ily�1,���/, � �11 J 1 Ihllu011 I{y9 "C, 6 ' �1>jY a i��(UfV'II '.l�' /� ,�' I�R!i py�r I IIJI•A 111 IOl rirl J, 4011 11 ''r '� / a,, 'y y,I 1) Ill11 p I���I, , IL If iiPlllll NIIII b I,G �d ✓ W m (rl{II I�III ,q,. • Respecting the land and people f °I ,!b ` ' A i. '` '" "° Il�o��p1'Itl�l,l` p g p p t"r9 �,"� ; ,�a� ntn��".."S" � x � , `.,��' �i m 1���WDJ' ��fQ��ji�� g k s �� F�.F Bumf Illl-1II- • Drawing out a broad range of site & community ��� �� � '�� 01�� �w°55�, ��';4�x;���1�,11������� �a� issues, concerns, needs, and potentials „ ;a �tu* _ �• Writing Patterns that address the issues and 7 embody the values of the community •, "� '.� 4 • Use Patterns to develop the design and evaluate it = � ; 's • Check in and elicit feedback _ w k ' ) ,. 1 hirti - iii ctttt� ' • • Continue the listening y '� � ` �` �� `'a ' • Refine the design w ,Vr z. Mew Design Process : Pattern Writing The goal of writing Patterns is to gain a deeper understanding \NIIV-Her";Y of how buildings and site can be configured to support both human activity and natural processes in a harmonious way. 5. Listening intently and writing Patterns helps identify the frL \\ deeper social, spiritual, and emotional values inherent in a ci+wS << place. ` This process offers solutions for making a place more alive, wt.!.� more functional, and more community oriented. It also gives °` everyone involved a measuring stick by which to evaluate the design. Everyone becomes an informed critic. ,t / ` ` v problems, �� Patterns can be used to build consensus, solve and build trust within communities. Pattern Exampl e s / r 1,I..liI..Y.9•041,1.}.4 rN„M. j /, 1!,i 'i/%`"', 1fr��V. !7't 044 _' :Nei • ;+�fir, . ... \ F,� _...,...�r \ i 1. t • c..wrrnrl k t • . • nc —,..CO g t::>2, .' c^°M ` \r o + �. any ,wue _._. {� ate- I ft , clT„_ Wafer Is Treasure Living Susfainabilify f;f Issue Unfortunately,our culture Issue Rowe Woods can't really be Green con- tends to see rainwater as a waste sidered'Greenor'Sustoinable'from a Community Common Area at the Heart Living Large product;piping,storing and treat- LEED perspective,except for the fact ing it as though it were sewage. that several historic structures are Issue Issue Issue The fate of wastewater from being reused.A gap exists between Residents value outdoor communal No social groupwhether afami a Ever vronderwhywhencomparing but environmen-alsoeasalarde to be thfuturcurrent racticesandaspirotionsfor space. lack an two equally slzede erhnent one but alsotinterms nt the future. Pa Y work group,oroschoolgroup-can 9 h' P >i talimpactintermsofcentralized outdoor gathering place which survive without frequent informal con feel muds larger than the other'? treatment facilities. Solution Seto series of small steps could accommodate most of the contact among its members. Solution that will lead CNC toward anulhmate residents all stone. Solution Rain should be allowed state,whe re every action is one that Design apartments with a wide to slowly beabsorbedthe land regenerates Solution by e9 tr- divers!yof kinds of living space, where itfalls.Minimize use of hard Let habitat and species bio-drver- Solutlon Createaprimarycommonspacefor iromnoisyfoquiet,Frompriveio paving surfacesandwhereused, sity remain the trgetfor ecological Create a well-defined outdoor the residents.Locate it at the center to public,from smolt to large,from make it permeable.Rainwater that restoration efforts,remembering that room approximately 300 feet long of gravity of all the spaces the group open 10 theout of doom too mare comes off roofs should be slowed introduced heritage horticulture is by 80 feet wide.This space should occupies,and in such a way that retreat-like spoce.Aportmentswith down,collected and/or reintro- also an important feature of this site. support large gatherings,informal the paths which go in and out of the homogenous living conditions,ust duced to the local water ta ble.In For existing buildings focus on energy sports,concerts,outdoor classes. building lie tangent to it. seem to close in on you,there's no the process,water can become a conservahon and maintenance.New and other neighborhood events. where else to go. visual and acoustic part of daily life buildings should reach a high state The community green should serve • and consciousness at the Center. of demonstrable sustainability,,with astheconnectionbetweenthe Where practical,use captured and features that support and explain the asthen community center,andtreated water to replenish and Centersmission.ln concert with on- �. restore ponds and lakes.Treat all going land management plans restore community garden Circulation from effluentgenerated on site with a wetlands,streams,meadow,prairie the residences to the community • local Constructed Wetland.These and forests. center should happen around the methods for dealing with waste- water should be made visible,cre- ating educational opportunities to researchers and visitors.They will also work to reduce the need for external water supply to the site. ,v l III J3 �r tf �- llii +�IIIi i R i�lwj?G-'i.:� I I i '01 fllfrt." r, r�/, r ohli , ; r ET R��°� 1111 , , 4. 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"- "^ rn, IVIU;��U IIII�I�I I „ �� ' _ � 11,10 IIp10 ��, pat 1 ry */Fie�'/urao-Gwx�'e �III III I IIW�+If" 7Y� ���1, MARCH � APRIL „� APRIL MAY JUNE QIOuJ �I I mn11�� ! i ��n airy l � ma �.IIIIItunl lr� ¢'�j'��� p III'tll�l 1�I n + ,',� I7I i " q Ij G 1 1 1 n'll'I Iy11dVi n9u,�. Project Kickoff I III Essential Patterns - Site Studies ��� Site Plan Development r Presentation �� ����� ��,1�I ill -. ► r'o% i , 111::,, 1��r���N Ilyll Illul l�llllGall Ill lllII I luy 1r�^ I 11, 0000 p, 010110..{1{ ••'�" Establish Process Continue Discovery '` Finalize Patterns `r Finalize Site Plan Community Forum ,m" 1 II141 I Ilal` '��� ohm Special Meetings -'-- �' i iuk I !I!il Meet with Community "` Write Patterns "'6 Site Organizations&Plans „ Building Footprints - p, Documentation —=- Begin Discovery Clarify Vision Key Features Landscape Design ,'. Background Research Begin Site Studies 4Permutations ' Provide Metrics 'r;• - a ,r" Embryonic Patterns Get feedbacks `` r a Case Studies „ Q` it Site Analysis F- c Virtual� � r Virtual VirtualxYV{ � � a Virtual Virtual r4" eet I ='=V.4 x M lVleetln � 4 Meetin--_ 4 �g � eetln t 2- eetln t a ig --,-N I� " `i ' Gw 'M.r � r • r o '" ,,;-'4'1 r`. ..—. q,`rs'-'7,.e �yro �"-„ �f ,^��r a,r M � t eft r�", "P ' r p >r '��``�r ,� �"'� ,�W �i 41� ��s (Gt ��"�' ,ter r..-. r�r �.,,,wr c" ri. . � �r� � � ����E ��4k t �� �, � �r ��55fr�` � � �"�. .r•.. a a at t ` ` '0'' ,�(M t�' t r�' } s ti,� r ,µ�'r s nE,t�+�,' e41`r r t jr .ri „ f , r ,�ti^� .r' •x» ,,sf *'"u, k a,— W 31,, ¢ •t„ +r' 4 V,. 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YJc like tW bs rer in anal gotr s a t,, .. ,yr �t�' -00, a'" ' VJ'love to(Jut,tdl e:ur•r t'f° a , v+a-.- " � � r •e•nirisce argte,IaJ-t. 4,lil r att ,� r ` In sr-alr.s,rurv:xsgtionr. ;Amy, %c ,*+dry a gY��i /i a{ , sin:aieo s�lt's uhat•ne do. ut,'(La t 9.ak_x 11 .. a ells T o! 1 x ,y' '' a Sv Ti , . �' ;S_"yF4..4 lG r FP' lh s is(Fe Scale of Sociac lily. < ,i a.r.- r`is� * ,4 t�Iq bee In dlarge gout say 40 or I �, 1' ' 0.Vet � :3' Peet ,e� •a ;_rr lingresemoIngcomnuri t 1.h 1*tV.Ayi,,, mra . f c.,,r� / ;,,, �t k i.. a?. ,,i�ii ,,, caiior-nest bo crgtrizcd h ynaii ,.:..,, Ir'^ N..,+,. + NJ ,.*A x r a vgrrn.�,issefortlecc r 1:b' i x 'L t'S',1 r�'s�+•ra`!'a�f //// r.�':P`' 1'..''y`�' ' , j,r .t(w G 'we. of -I ,6, "0-"- :�l r c, ., �' ki � y: r Yr "+ I4 y t^� ,, 1,0 L�j'�i'* 49���1� il� t Design Essentials for Pocket Neighborhoods ROS/S CHAPIN' rtn:Aaan.c;n• •ccasrvietbalwYsnr. r"1�2<'r".1 I1.I 1., I J • Shared Commons Wilt is shared ou.dccr s ace f✓S/ sI ,. + r st:irttJot:at it•a JUd.ket IJ Til„ � �''' r r,+ fir;„;', r`',re '' •eig!borhood?. b,� ,� r�E a' t t r. rr�7 � n �� tt V Fad vj+� +, r'r f)rrrg fr,r��7yflnwnf k 7•P'1• -- yj, iit 7 `t+ n �j throup th s pace,nea•by iu �n+v, ' R�yip a', �' `" i :'"'' sk* ` xg tars otter'nocd�Rlwllos' 6w r , en s.op for a dist alon8.ae 'l ;.! ° w a R v� ��"- ,^ +�y k'14r(ii`'� gart.el:.talk These casual I it S1 ty ,r cower tion;can evertuall V '` g•Jv�in:J alrrg r-a:ior lrops ill .,� ICI, wI+. ,s+ "r . it x ,t'il•', , +0•4 fl anr,a-a ingfii sense of .y *s` ,0 "1 ,f ,4,,,,,4.. 11, i ' m';' , I r i E c in a n-n y—all fostered L�• , n` i. i e , , V+ , the sirr le-act all foste e ��q p {�,� 4.r t.e r a 4a,I ��'I yJT ' '''' "g' r.1"�r,, F ` .• ;a5 r - , ,t1 i 0El k,,sr z alnfl r}ewrnr'un: deaiy kkR ��� la Fgt�t?!�� t°t, ;ila��#fit :' tt'Srlfh , p �n a rt�l rfr7retd , 9 ,gdefned"..ndare' eaiinnina y pin/ trok ,57 , , at tie en:once from the c reet w tq, r `�,, m ,Yo e ii 'y- � , air.nrrnrirg m•hn gains of tit 3. � t t a::t Tc" 'i .w� r k� l a u ti t4a 5 a tii�� the rfvetr,yxrk.Tilt crr•7ee a c ear sense or te•Tory by `Vs}4 yi1 . h( �4 b,,,, °' s ' r, ti alvcriewit:eft AA�ra t F.:fir �ltirl t!, waking irIco:Ile I IrCrIJot is �QF!'!'!°' !'`f•Yr 'S + f a i_ " ,�f{ ls+ {r� 'F el;,to OE addressed with a r -• ` Y^ , �t + friend,,"canl•alpycurAttke 1 _ 1 ysrs �H t11xi1 il " v,+tlll vunr.tim;•arhldw�a afr. ).ASV ,`, "" !ill zone to pay in orhavetiie `rr witf•a svn•:al auntie - Q� l >a'rp✓ Design Essentials for Pocket Neighbor-hoods RQrSS C�-IPIN ica.haiu:n•Foe!zrru}bahounr. r-•I ,.i�i l.,11 E I Common Buildings & Gardens At d.}& age ofI�rgiita r +J w a n e, j, a pocIt aeghbof lccd is�avrg , 4M�c . , y n,M- ;`' sharedblildrg ardgardeus. « Iv..., .2,�, � " arm- .ti d /►ij v i t �. s t �1iThe leis. rsive ameni-y is r �, .,N, r,. !r ttf..411__', t. acannuttu saed Jrelawr t• , `t t 6�"t '.R ito..er can easily be shared by - - . 2. # - a`ewtiyghbu•sf Alurg..itlr j �a a ,wf olk4 �t: [h R fevra! ,shovels end orurer:. Ar nutrhnr.ar!xgt.c.r I �w r fir ' tireclace s another.At the enc ' of hecarwhen-neg-II s=red — 3 oa S, Jp,,iL'S I kely Le attract an - -r y t - 'fR•. !•n vu u ttu etlre•. � In S`- S- � n��Anmias" "� A rrul:-pupoec bolding can ' tli : ^re"tt •nost potit.r.•s,m 11t f rl '" —9, 4r _ 4 exe dtc neu a and o'ae � k ._ l ryt,.4egro�e,.�432' `-r,P^r e" r,4 t.• t �'. ip `,,4y . Poc.lxt-itighburu:cth afar y ,vvx r ^„1 ^ ^ i--� •t - t! s'aeNril!enjoyli._enefascfa p , I , y+ts � i-' o � corrmuiity vegeraale Arden. S �� `„i,q,4 u , ,v air ,rfi.* ;.--, ` A n Peynnd l''ia,ameaitiec oo a 4 t*Ari", fit t ase cornr-en lac Ries roster r,. to e-x� r ^ddtio•rstulx a leng I edDori a•IL:str`]t 6•I•3t t•ttir Lune of corrrnutin' tr t„FV-' m1� 1 azgrt>d v. I. Design Essentials for Pocket Neighborhoods ROSS CI-i PINl;.. ius.ham.n•coast lai.tuhctane: -,�;C .�l--1 C I E I�[. ... Room-Sized Porch A tutrii sted front portil la ti ,f,,,,...,;trr,`*4 _,,fige • <ey eleneti.us reale:lig )ev:s.,0 , 4 7., -4.,.,- al'm ne Ober y cornections. al,tt,„,r,,i,„<ttr.„.•,.,„..., ,,,A,N,, „.1,,a1„ f. 0 71 n1.0C corte5,trim-e wey i: el.phst411.4i:' ',„. ,•:1d.olh legmr, ,,, 0 Too:,p-nir,to a-',1 p.ibl i:. `;.- '.3.,,,:,?, .,At r, iir.o, v .0,,,, 'i oolong.fig:0 ta ti-=',19--.10" ...:•••'14.*<* tf.4....,110il..„:„... 4 P,..•;*,,,,i,i'VAS!,,",,' ',...,' il, ,, li, ,,,..Seim crior to passur sir/. *4';ieliro'./,'''41.ilf•74' —7,:14451. Vileff%.,4pii . ,,L.,...,... ..,....`,,,,;...• .,,..1,,T5,1AiliL ll ';•. 'A..f'i 7 "'I, valarg 1?pod p..errh is loth i-n „,.,..*, ''...4*i .ir• .,*il! e.a 1, ::•-,,g, p ‘ IA sa 110,, tv.,,,,,, . r.rt and a c:ialco- V ,, 1 ,..., a"1 ....... . ' 1 rii .i if 'j, 01 Get the location right.MI.:K.1 V;i•i7.,:i.)fri "iii„.• 0.19/10,„ j 11110 ) il IP le ',i' cenrectcs te ihr..--int;red arc i• 77. o'•se•Ilft•I cr 151:1:1i: . . "`I'.*„., - • r'' '1'. El ,, • c. • ' . 4707.7§..1: na.,,,r6.,,,,,, walkway. . . • .•.,*• ,pli lo ,p., - •7.10,41:4?-- ?grog 1,441,0014 ,0 Make It a Ilylag space.WHe a 1 II 44,,,,, ,(40,,,, :crab 1.7.i...es charm-c.a fia.use•a 41 Mt:Sr., 'X"'f.ix'prin li aolicited ua(Cr coirs,Cr,. I lig1,1 ;Itt ,1 „, E. key-t.1 mbling porch just:i:Lcitott . i c:'.11e.•...11.M...kr.IL c la.r.a..m ,ftt.A 14: ,. .ce...zoltadractir,satrairialq:: z.a.iccr rcon a place.to gather "cx ntt.Iper.I rwrw i**fi ti-ik,c**. ; • ,: • .t. ,J „ ., .,...„..,-wtm- i - 5 ' •i„.• .. • 111,1111,: 1 r: rattle a with a .k. . ' iEt•*.v;,--- , 4^, I 110 1111L: 1 •-• ,, ;1.4, ,,4-• ' 6 , ' y e... , i r1-11,..;?"".all:Laai.f.4.; -eq..i.ed or nct fer aafety,dan't ii,,,,:i" I rit•,1",7,1•1 z, .„"i„,eS'"; t•' ' ... ' i u! •••t 4.1 lig. .clall'.e.,." , L ",:.; • ...-ilitad xxial....Inc:ay.Don't 0 le.re744..•..,:.........y.f_. i t .., 4 ,c;,..„„1 -klice:7;x1 Yfr,:hough,o-it will ....iti,tl.141*.o,,..„.'. , 'ii,* ••• '4' - '"-- •,,, 1,,,,,,.:: ...10$' .tIst.ii,dit fer'parcing;and-icr 1.. pillkai .,...,±g,..L L4:of cif Idta Anil Mr110 ..i :3:11114' ....,a.sa'a ite,a fIttr,erbce '? ROSS C.HAPIN I$ Design Essentials for Pocket Neighborhoods AR,-H I I I:(1 I • • Layers of Personal Space Comrrw�tityiswondfiGt,bat r ;Pei , i too mach community can c • t• �' e �:s' - � �,, sulfa:atn Cntho rthernanci f r ,,bb with too-nach primer,a ,t t - ce•son cat feel Cut oft Loyers orPerwncl Space helps a+ 3 adleiw a.balax:e betr,veen " priva'•y and zom"il.ni:y. 0 1, In.his photo ere.are five ! ao �i I I I l� S %3 8 IC:y,:l' . layers in Pon a sidev'Ik is a ;z ,. ^ '.. ' `Ct,F 4YL IIU.., r``1, bcr•do-o'snruLs and Ilo.�m; w ''•`'.'Lnf r n " "'rl 4 r Y,, �,"P. then slow f rce!c derarcute a491"M .K t f � .•:i f ti �wr the srivstey'dt�aw er d a l." r+ -may ,'' tl�l' e ..} r.., pond-wth a low['Ding and i•C ri~age,; dbr y4 •1 floc erboxes;and ther the i,,vk tf,iporf " �r ..& 4,- w.,4; w * . fm-,r door. 11„r .� .,, ' r IIIIIIIIII _O lA, 'p`-" III".... YYrttr ,,... � These pubic:o private 11 p� I to ! gcierts mn:nue indrfe the. $ '' ! rom ,,,444..i) : I •t S louse,active living soaces.alt' wmmore ••' _ • I ! town c tIY Tort and more ' 1' .{':' _.. Ili./ • ,i private personal spaces are 7*r S 3n rig. Iatih:t, `�kill s�uJe^a. 5 towns:the back nd.gn:ai•s. •41 r!p!•ini �� Zfi ' ;v. A private garder can be in the sidevardorsediced in back 1• , more hublir more private ���yyy ' , Design Essentials for Pocket Neighborhoods ROSS tHAPIN • las.haitcan•ceerrl,ldbithoune j , �l I f I I EC I'I • Nested Houses Havng a ease door house or lit V i .s �,go�e rw m ,, r. v artmen-peering nto re.r �1JN P g >'�. mmy-r-� ..>�i��!1��"t!� l.M rlI,'y w .,, ""u- �� ,� "�i own can be uncrsnfortabIs sd r �l�t E r�i a'�y `t �tN dar.s-.rnphobic r rY+'a t 4a','t': = 4 '�= -p r�+ nilll +ptYt i Xi 4 ',+ '� ,,�3t'' ' luq 144 a In X Aested'-ioastisf•eve open enJ in n , r t e li ip 41' •g1+t, " et v" -' ,na. ' IIl l Vidk tr oll u slcEed sides that nest' '', 1 ,,,, ..a ,, e ` h r f^ end �'lii I� together:the open side has .+� � '' �� mtl d I�IIIIIII g pII ' � r; �t d t it .it �r i hili�u C. Idle windows lacing Ls side Mt 7 iu �I li G -+ i II�IIII ard,rh etheclosedsidehas +al r " Iiimei�II�Iriell. ��qli l , P d y M r s ;. ;[I[II li li,:1 ll, �r f:, a hghwindowsAndslylightsto c '°"t „ ,,11 ^e.,•le birg in arnpe light while y ft'l ''rf,. ' ,,,,p, ' •`<`va 00 preservingpr•�cy. r e d"ri+t . ;'fir, ,- t.ti,l'd�Q j 1 ti' Sr t S i fin{..d 1f��L�g1 fiidfly°�`1r� '*1t" !�� 1��_ I €� M "��'ry'4 d 11 Y :7Gj^+ieG"a�` f1 Jf# Itl\� "; If"Ii, ,,. f SIR , , s r'� tr � ,f t�{M - . ,,.ee i 'FP= n A five-tot sic rcisuseless �p+' QQ"," sf �'i '` except 70 store.nre ladders.and �r. l� Il����I'r +u� ..•.f r• r iw?y bkycles.Make toe of a vll , sideyard a tcnd rg to thence II of-na neighboring Ixriding t< - . ,• c- " Y ethrough 4m'red use eosemen . hWhV.:eTi a use eeserne.r r r l j granted to tot Ai from Lot 8 Ikritiirg rare•-wise,the.sethark !!I I I 11lil1 �j�,j i of:he builcing to.he property �1����I��I��f��iil�1 I i I���lu"I�I�': line is�aterthat-the Ii I thresholc that triggers fire B a sepralion•eq:irernenls. ���{, P°�` Design Essentials for Pocket Neighborhoods ROSS CHAPIN rordtph .Fo •neghrrrto„aret RC,.l-11TCc�T5 • • Corraling the Car hiAnel a+�ra�y )cne �� ti "'t , x` ;{y - r` t+_. x` J w 'q .,y * ° y ,. Fri ias a car.lit ors don't need .t7lti+ a tp R •„�,; my"�..47` '�4 ,tk. w. r ,,, �,��1/,��, V to fasacIr.3.i.ir.0 don'tne s•F. ' .*n r II."' A. w•,..� E, - '"A fna,. E• t ,FI it �u F' ..-C.• ,. r�• a ''•+ > 1' .Y•' x a Y nth y, 'st ,f r, • scaces s r zc F 3� • F. r a N 1 p 1 Locate parldmstc e a mad "=` 1 fi en If l�4 1 , = ~ ( Lt is hlxr.Den'tlet garage ;y' ., -, G. ✓. ,7+a, ' §1 AtfA't -,; � feghbor.Donut gar•.SI,iFI<: wig„F� C! 'C 5 r ,,,.�� ;ie �' Ord ,. F • , , 1 1 {� f a. a.. parked cars'row the stye•::and I,t, r r �,zy �fh YyUa 1�1, '�' M'� I, 4I L.��,.,. j t "�'I I Y#y"'�j�,>a thrcc•nmo'r r[y p,, y ♦'_$t _ „ y ^..it,rr ',.. -�4''4 'rtx C u"�ri" �yI1Ala fit -,kiji..� a 1- 7, I , 47' r t it �J lk-+ °ca�,z,. Vvhen parming a cea-�.pment xc• r 1 y 1 ri "3 M aw r �"" r —^r+ ��adi �r V fr�nscr;at,, lace;arayesard „" , '4i`,^' •"'+ tl � xy L I� `~`V`_`^ ,r,-,. ,749 arki•, a eas of e.a la •r ��''••e y M 5Ne'440V 'nr��+,g. F.,r � iY i`1` �/ II par'sir.eas o, naih a-.c., r r + j 11 , ? t� -'�,M c,- «.., ,s' a" g `, _t� t v fi idi , 1'0-41. (sat,; .a' .. garders eic::.n-ntYiity nr d- 7F a n,f< - e , ry.+• C, � ,,. �,: `� ��, i gs wll maax the tare lively. &' ,7 t. f. '','''It ,, ., ;,.w 1'-.- e x-.. -, '�ar� „'.,r Vie S'i� xddxd. !.�..• Y. .. ^";..cam 8,;, �... r G�sider bcati g aardng ,� r l r: f "t � . . ' < rrnr>L.•I•,.: hotrod.L•;,v,il o 2, r y . ,r6 .. +"� '':. guet,,valkfromt,e-cardoor FW litie.:,‘JI.: 4. r;,+�""'+,s... wor I 1lartotmc rorrtcoo^thr,.?mt',c , HoIt j�sharsi comyiors—a daily . r+; �t''';!E P I p 1 i •„ `Bi**.,,,, ^+�.,-- k$ ad�itythatfostes-7teracticn. r.ui<, 1/ �-�rr; i f ++« %Mule higInty1 N-i V t /!�, -l...�r II JI l S"" res stence,don't et go too .p� quicdy.This aynJt albv,s more a^1 fi,";[ ram " t�1, t ., tkoide use of tie site,G'nks a f, the&rnlnace cf garages sic criveways,dam,eases the 11 arr suit of lard surface enc. >n } ,dk:w.'norrIi ,l.i•,t>a,•,rrne. "�� )t�E%'r I Design Essentials for Pocket Neighborhoods ROSS CHAPINi. -:Siirti�irt'Gm•PClkTfilsltla,GvknT .f\..III T:C CT, I„,.II 1 I IIII , Eyes on Shared Space '.'� ull 111111l1jPI'�IIIIII911111Vh1111� , t I b , ,ti> ,».,,,„r,,::,4u1 Ii11�111111110i111I y+tS; 6+'I IIII01I IlPDrllll f TM=r.;.'nrnfcki-rrr.f�r is'�!i""'� I f � s•��,�-l�!�!>U�al���������� �ll�u„tred �fl! 9 uJl 11i�1'IhkOkliy r. l ,onal and rrmrnnrity ' I'411 G ,,+uu� ,n i:, n 1 uI`y� III 'ieG , fu Lf ,w6.11L f)+>Np security a a:tror rats r<oF luhIDII�Il��IJ �'lh ° ' "' �'" um .-e,gtbors who.raw and care ., r i !y'a . ovA + ' : fcx one arwtVer. is 11111111,1r Illlll„,, r s� arras-k . •* t U II�� tNhen the active spaces of vy�� '� �"i i, houses cokorto sared (ff/ r sf ,. 44q 11 /. r � w , ro rrrxr spares,ind,.rin� x. .' ' % 9 + u » i [ • accesslanes,a strap r s 1 �'` lJr�sr ��d d ;u a, 11 IM,i �x t ^ +�� I •..tt' r.s 4o tP aq..lal lull' locoed,ar eld,.r•Mr:may r 4 V.+'ri✓ li r -e e`,1�..$�i -eve',Alen Ki I line he ape rl .1 �j,u+dw, 1 Iq#�. <,y 4 1 , III« F TllXt� i a tC xi+i , ¢z w�wp II g child%n can olay with ca�ing 3Y`�/, I J�r / 'tr 1 "^' ! �fgS2t`'v^k��'`) 1: pI1111 M` eyes Ioodngon If dai y / i'i"�,r• I(�7 ll�:j� I wf s' , 11i pa tc rs a c a,kcw rxx[door i ' `s St w„afnA1 '✓�li I r r w t 4 i t' il411,1 or the••e is an timer a y,her 'l5 t f►/;?i i it V 11 r ii�# rfwfl� 'rFr., ',M !r ,; r ?, � �s � rl d: t1 is dose ty. i II1 ',pfl pu, h '�ti r �+41, + ,Ai, let uu, II All IIIIU w�.nne1.Ill X '4 p d r I ..�`d J"ry1 „ok,�1" ^�'�S .. dell ,10 ¢aye a�" Ler00,0,,,410101,01" N I d, r a �u"'''-.hu llll�wy"v' r t ifi� a �+_ +.m+w*nm ",did d 1 u l "fib.a 1ti a. m. y ., ,.1......�,.-t,, s.i it" ...t.:X..r..,..iri+lu,.;...,a. r,A lm.a`� I tmti- Design Essentials for Pocket Neighborhoods ' ROSS CHA1� PIN ,,:s:n.s.«,•cau,t,:artwno r A r.&.i-i i i1 L 11.r. / • ..4.:• ..ws Cr .,.;1L- ,:.V:." :• r: ",... \\..........i , ,.1.,. cstritwommtic.•?...i. ^,.', , -t ',i'l :.'41•,: 7,,44,. ,.,.....„,,,,,,,f, ;,;;;•,,,„•- -. -1 -.lc,,rmtxtur.Form .„,.-1,,, :v.:, ,„ ••.. ,• 17.-,: ." • --: •INCATIONM. mr,Fsticwsr scaknati Attfi .„.r„..44.:,..,.4 liAliffArII:7 ..‘, vi....•,Mo. rtem..: 7„,,_,.:‘,.,, r /-11AF3ITAT"t°9C ,,.,,,,, ,„.`,,47,:,•, 4 ...', 1.eirigir:0 1•1•;•,••7 • i '"•'''''''...14.,..: .1,?, ,.,Asfift*.:Afir.1.41, A •• ..., ( I/7 ((IQ:A/""'''', ' .- '''. , ,.V-,.:•;..r..''...."hil f:: V'. re ..., '• 4:-' 11,R,,, 406 II r-- .--- , ..... ., .• ,..„... . . l's- . l',, 6 'i, . ,. .„ _,,,, •:, / 4 ,,, QAAN nuc..... ! 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''''' 61 ',.',-4." r COASTAL ROOTS 1, • . 6 "le SERVICit \`,...:11413:111,1A% ," ' ' ii 1, • q ,, .. •- Acct. • ----... ,•, , • ,'„Evrri-,,,, I r EDUCATION FARM jemplow •• . I .• —-- •- •1... i NOWIll QF NCO RD . • • • • 'Yl 116 MAN 41)ciSrAT-Vvy.e.0-.) . _ • • gs-lb lo,A.... 4- '.:•.1, 7e44ri.ili..'",;i0gikliti;;kig '00',/( ..„,,,, ..., ' . -, '., - m'4•41'.':k41411".0i4':'?$'4'1/4bir,'1(141,41*,(a 1/7011/711,p/g0:1/ , ..' .11i•,,,.",,,'4..'4:'-•0 40A,VP•4•4•W/4/5010,,'ff.j/00r‘,„,,, / m ' 41, ' 2.' t.:• , . ',..4'.• . - . '. ;•••411"lii4•4 ik^,• '-4.04••IQ, /4/7'd''///'''rrP/11/ /0 , /0 • • .) •• to • t .,,1,i'vv,P4,44,.'14 + `1 U n aha"I/,WO,„ ., .... . -',„s.'41`le ;;S!.e.l'u'lAit'•-;1,'/21 f,m,,,i,/,,F,v; ,, ,... ,• . .. ••••,k .% ..,,', .. ' ,,t„....at. . , `,1: • ,,,,,,,...,,,,' '•*,,', •. ,A.,,t..,..??,A .g., ' ''''''''• . 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At i 'b r „,.44'..001""51m?u i 0,'''" ....7. ...., ."1 "'''$,,42- a •••:.'li '''-.I "" "X: 4:4:1,.. "0",,,"4.'4...0:4:':',F.211'..."'f•iielP, ' , 11 ...,,,,, tor, __ ''.'--•i:r.:. - -..!•-••••ok*Ii*,,, ck, . i,,' - - - .ig,'i , 4-. Alrft 4 q N1''':Ii'''' - ri 4.41•4,7 7:-.4.;,,e, ,,,,...., ' ,i0e615111 7141,,,'" ••••••••, ,••••• ' .• sivv."r'ilfto'r'''',1,.Wt4; - •,...._ • /------ ; . _ r • VISION I :.: .:. l'1Sf r ni4 d1 / '1, Grj !a N 3 vu I s y �wsae� m nctexe � • ' 1 Oak St Oak 5t Oak St° �r �� �� � :r aDma¢ro m rr� d !u?- IMF n'R' �, u , U i, /� Nourish Farms , n � d �,, «JT --e•�-r� �Id,{�� XI- + '� � A��jµ��r4 .� - � < ��i� 11" "1 '� 1 ��r'Ir a. ' ,4 Z R ,,,,K ,w "b : ' ' "+R'r t ,1 ' 771A{� e v��"t ,i ��S 1 t:+ Proposed Plan h ,, ),� c'> r ti J �u ' �� 5I r w�'" , ) t' �i �Afr k t',, u:l Ali i �I ��W'� 1`�� j 'w A r M)d l �S Y''`i. ,. i,,, yil� *`ry� , d„ h � +`b N,: J ..,- r: ga K� �i� n)" it �nli�� i s.r. Nourish Farms will become • rr, 9y�'1,0'r 110) te" k^.1Y r o 6,11 iry y PICTURE . I, � yh� �y4�� t +ilyt� " Ir. ,,I0, .1P,a ,1:4.4 M Lm ,40,, ,,,4 J'# .: FiJ AREA C'f Y'1�. lt� ' �'"r �u , ,'Irls a regional hub for good food rlxr„ssay �, ��a ;. t . rod' "I` ��lol�i,,'girl. x a C P! 'E tr t•vR •4 'g 09,..1^1 r**". w+�. ' '''r I ii " ui illii q'6, ,i D °'k* education and promotion of a ` k G ` ' ° , HOOPr ��w q,ll� 6 04A4401, 1 ,- & l �•arl+ ,, . PAVILION �� NOUSE "'air�} s.;I i 1 1 ti local sustainable farming tr- " '" "' � ((��, f 1d4 �7 ✓• h r, rl �'at. 3Ci SHEDr !4An1'"�.`14 q!Y"' Iken:`A J 9 ��al, a'1� ��Ilr♦ rl)�✓ d --- :_ ,.a . /rYl /� J \ Practices. k2 1v• ,p" x 4 lc o- A. k�' "% i ,.Y .. COMPOST ,( 't. ,R/y/, •„;?,(1.: Our goal is to educate and empower. ��1 Y'l e :'^ , l�' r401 4 r f ,l 7 ,/x �; I ' " * : r ��,... III�1 p1 ND AL I, +t . a t� 'i people to make wholesome food choces �`s t + ,1j tr" '6— �9�! 7 y�y 4'ww FEU w vR �m , throughex experiential learning.In this case, ' ^�Ja4 '/r mu u a HEELCFYAI � \ Vd� through learningg to grow and harvest food, , r"*: .`r.,t r III 1 AND.uuhiil 1 Q � a\ l^^` CESSIBLEcom ostin ,and better understandin the T11T ;' N�,."S 't �Mf 'M14r i r' 5r III qN. LEGEND � � �W ::E : Garden ' + ,�1 t/s o ' " i'ppu � r• ,� ORCHARD " PRAIRIE Iii((j'.� k 1 M YPP WWI Flowers/Pollinators w ytr yP� :y (WET) ! 14,11,1111, Prairie Grass ''� � ,�y "a ^w s ;1* ',1) „API • t _Orchard •k,'µ 3 FRUIT BUSHES F� DERR{-'iREL g� PRAIRIE ^-�,..�^" { .,..j ts V, rt I /w• ' a BER (WET) :.� ENT .Y- .�p \L t Grass/Trees 10.' RYIRFIL'' SI GN Picture Area/Manicured Gardens t1�' "�:' 'j `" ��J t k' i'4 1�/ M --4.° va lj i�: .ter-�—�,�_..� } hill Animal Husbandry • �� °f, �T ;'� a' i'y�'"a p t • ® a.r' �' —/1r It r� �ifk .3'b 1-y,..ect � 't4 d �4( Pam` tkif L. /if • ` / s �. MY 'hywY`,y§+ ✓ A nl }�sc''y� / p. 1+1 J t+ „� � "'Ib i , '�T'M1}Gf�'SF,, k' fr A •�.de �'% 4 '}14..,Y N Il- µ !, 4 TV " , .I h r5- f.. ..._ s M '4. r N «a ,' 4 i „J 4-` "m y. �w r ,! t l *'y; �+r txjhtK J7 Jsovta s o m 1Pik / i y',h yr I{1� y'��,r ti) �i �yyr y F .10 In 0L " g - ='— �� el ] In i' �rvi +rrrf`rII ol— F I� y y. C �0 M1 v it,;,'' , tgl wit P r` n pi...,= N , yy liv ryid_ r" \ ry@ ' ` WwW l *arS { ��. y '' ykey r ism J; FWD -�' Vh'R' fit` paY •,, ,5 ?' N rNPUSjr .0 •..,... ^'° Farming as Ecosystem Visible Flows Connected to the Outdoors ISSUE ISSUE ISSUE Nourish Farms has many educational goals in addition to other activities, It is hard to evaluate the ecosystem impact of a process if we cant see how Isolation from the farm is increased with each stair,,room hallway,and door such as event hosting,that generate revenue to support the orga nization.If it affects and is affected by other parts of the ecosystem. through which one must pass to get to an outside door.Every interior space these goals were addressed as separate solutions,it could create a kind of that is denied views of the working farm Is disconnected from the mission of "agricultural theme park"-one activity station after another with no consis- SOLUTION the organization. tent narrative or message. Make the flowof water,nutrients,and energy vtsiblewherever possible.This can be through signage,but it is more useful to see the actual flow. SOLUTION SOLUTION Provide access to adjacent porches and gardens from a variety of common The ideal farm is a complete ecosystem,where water,nutrients,and energy areas in the each building.Maximize the opportunities for quality views are exchanged and balanced.Byproducts of one process become inputs from other spaces like offices,classrooms,and meeting rooms. to other processes and nothing is truly"thrown away."Consider how each part of Nourish Farms,from its buildings to its site to its revenue-generating events,can be treated as elements of the farm ecosystem. • r ti = ANri Mf r'f<l y µV Ill r 3,,, Bar ,``'' I 9F h ,0 6 'IwY $ r_Y ee�., y� & a V M.r e ram .p !C" *,, h..41 vH' rP^,j t tp 1ls t'1rr f d t ', I I[,111 . 41 ,, r'3 4' .r $ MI r (95,, : P r I I IIPPP g�4 G Iol,1�, 4 p rin `" V r `.% f ` fi �I I�Illj1 ICE N M " I9 N TL �,� e „.. , r r ILIA PN' y'"r'' "'fsts`� �r f` ar�"m�y i1 V� �+",",.4 r!'r �rG,w�if <7" rir. �r° y- a,'�'', `� �r j r, „ „,e" n� 4,,A wt „ r "+: ��4 , u� w4,rrw,♦ t� -r»• v., . % e„, "`,'"0„ r, /' ',-;;,// �f171 X''@s£.. 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Edible Landscape r ;: . .p Welcome Garden fie ', 1, , 4 ISSUE ISSUE ISSUE We tend to think of site landscaping primarily in terms of ornamental plant- It would be unfortunate doto visitor's first encounter with Nourish Farms were Unfortunately our culture tends to see rainwaterosa waste product;piping, ings.This would be a mistake on a working farm. a parking lotor even the front door to a building. storing and treating it as though itwere sewage. SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLUTION Noomamental-only plants!Consider all site landscaping elements as part Create an edible garden as the first welcoming element of Nourish Farms. Rain should be allowed to slowly be absorbed on the land where it foils. of the farm ecosystem.That doesn't mean that every plont needs to be The garden should have discerruble edgelt be they buildings,trees,lowwolls, Local subsurface movement of water must be understood before proposing human food,just that it Is part of the same system.For example,flowenn9 shrubs,grasses orforbs. any structure that might disrupt that flow.Minimize the use of hard paving plants for pollinators are okay,but not non-native annuals in pots for deco- surfaces and where used,make it permeable.Rainwater that comes off the ration roof should be slowed down,collected and/orreintroducedtothelocalwa- ter table.Consider using grey-water to irrigate crops In the process,water con become a visual and acoustic part of doily life and consciousness at the form. 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''•"a,n:,y.,..h w.;rt-Tyl' ig Initial Patterns Regional EVERYWHERE EDIBLE LANDSCAPE Sub-Neighborhood AGRARIAN HARMONY GREEN SWEAT EQUITY MAKER'S SPACES DIVERSITY MAKER'S SPACES LIVE-WORK AFFORDABLE HOMES DAILY MIGRATIONS SCALE OF SOCIABILITY AGING IN COMMUNITY VISIBLE FLOWS SHARED COMMONS NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOL SOLAR ROOFS TEACHING KITCHEN AG COLLABORATORS ENGINEERED WETLANDS COMMONS BUILDINGS&GARDENS LOCAL MATERIALS HIERARCHY OF STREETS LAYERS OF PERSONAL SPACE INTENTIONAL NEIGHBORING ACTIVATING THE STREET, PUBLIC TO PRIVATE GRADIENTS " SELF GOVERNANCE SLOW STREETS FRONT SIDE/BACK SIDE COMMUNITY FACILITATOR CORRALLING THE CAR RESIDENT STORAGE CARE OF THE COMMONS PLANTED PARKING MIX OF HOUSE FORMS,SIZES REMOTE PARKING HOME GROWS WITH FAMILY MARKET SQUARE Site PEDESTRIAN NETWORK MAIN STREET TO THE SHORE WALKING PATH NETWORK Building PUBLIC-PRIVATE SITE GRADIENTS TRAIL TO THE BEACH HAWAIIAN LIVING COMING HOME ON-SITE ELECTRIC CARTS EACH HOME UNIQUE FOLLOW THE LAND SHARED VEHICLES OUTDOOR LIVING INCREMENTAL GROWTH LOCAL VAN SERVICE ROOM-SIZED FRONT PORCH THE PERCH EV CHARGING NESTED HOUSES AGRIVILLAGEAS ECO-SYSTEM PARK-RIDE BUS STOP FULL-USE SIDE YARDS CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT BICYCLE SHEDS SIDE YARD LIVING VILLAGE CENTER UNIVERSAL DESIGN SIMPLE STABLE SHELLS GROWING ON DISPLAY INDEPENDENT LIVING HOME NATURAL VENTILATION PLACES TO WORK,PLACES TO WATCH ASSISTED LIVING HOME FRONT DOOR ON THE COMMONS FARMER'S MARKET OFF GRID EYES ON SHARED SPACE AGRICULTURAL WORK HUB RENTAL DIGNITY ROOMS WITH WHOLENESS FOOD BUYING CLUB WEATHERING A STORM BEDROOM ON THE MAIN LEVEL COMMUNITY GIFT GARDEN STORES,SHOPS,CAFES&MORE ENOUGH STORAGE '1 I•i-m ii.;!I•i:S iC`'.::::L i:;r`I'?' :4Fha,"cs Initial Patterns GREEN=SUSTAINABLE PATTERN Regional EVERYWHERE EDIBLE LANDSCAPE Sub-Neighborhood AGRARIAN HARMONY GREEN SWEAT EQUITY MAKER'S SPACES DIVERSITY MAKER'S SPACES LIVE-WORK AFFORDABLE HOMES DAILY MIGRATIONS SCALE OF SOCIABILITY AGING IN COMMUNITY VISIBLE FLOWS SHARED COMMONS NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOL SOLAR ROOFS TEACHING KITCHEN AG COLLABORATORS ENGINEERED WETLANDS COMMONS BUILDINGS&GARDENS LOCAL MATERIALS HIERARCHY OF STREETS LAYERS OF PERSONAL SPACE INTENTIONAL NEIGHBORING ACTIVATING THE STREET PUBLIC TO PRIVATE GRADIENTS SELF GOVERNANCE SLOW STREETS FRONT SIDE/BACK SIDE COMMUNITY FACILITATOR CORRALLING THE CAR RESIDENT STORAGE CARE OF THE COMMONS PLANTED PARKING MIX OF HOUSE FORMS,SIZES REMOTE PARKING HOME GROWS WITH FAMILY MARKET SQUARE Site PEDESTRIAN NETWORK MAIN STREET TO THE SHORE WALKING PATH NETWORK Building PUBLIC-PRIVATE SITE GRADIENTS TRAIL TO THE BEACH HAWAIIAN LIVING COMING HOME ON-SITE ELECTRIC CARTS EACH HOME UNIQUE FOLLOW THE LAND SHARED VEHICLES OUTDOOR LIVING INCREMENTAL GROWTH LOCAL VAN SERVICE ROOM-SIZED FRONT PORCH THE PERCH EV CHARGING NESTED HOUSES AGRIVILLAGEAS ECO-SYSTEM PARK-RIDE BUS STOP FULL-USE SIDE YARDS CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT BICYCLE SHEDS SIDE YARD LIVING VILLAGE CENTER UNIVERSAL DESIGN SIMPLE STABLE SHELLS GROWING ON DISPLAY INDEPENDENT LIVING HOME NATURAL VENTILATION PLACES TO WORK,PLACES TO WATCH ASSISTED LIVING HOME FRONT DOOR ON THE COMMONS FARMER'S MARKET OFF GRID EYES ON SHARED SPACE AGRICULTURAL WORK HUB RENTAL DIGNITY ROOMS WITH WHOLENESS FOOD BUYING CLUB WEATHERING A STORM BEDROOM ON THE MAIN LEVEL COMMUNITY GIFT GARDEN STORES,SHOPS,CAFES&MORE ENOUGH STORAGE TI•i R;f':1I1.3:3'a'• ::';l5;:t^h;,:=ra1,Fk,;:-;.4 Initial Patterns RED= NEEDS DISCUSSION Regional EVERYWHERE EDIBLE LANDSCAPE Sub-Neighborhood AGRARIAN HARMONY GREEN SWEAT EQUITY MAKER'S SPACES DIVERSITY MAKER'S SPACES LIVE-WORK AFFORDABLE HOMES DAILY MIGRATIONS SCALE OF SOCIABILITY AGING IN COMMUNITY VISIBLE FLOWS SHARED COMMONS NEIGHBORHOOD SCHOOL SOLAR ROOFS TEACHING KITCHEN AG COLLABORATORS ENGINEERED WETLANDS COMMONS BUILDINGS&GARDENS LOCAL MATERIALS HIERARCHY OF STREETS LAYERS OF PERSONAL SPACE INTENTIONAL NEIGHBORING ACTIVATING THE STREET PUBLIC TO PRIVATE GRADIENTS SELF GOVERNANCE SLOW STREETS FRONT SIDE/BACK SIDE COMMUNITY FACILITATOR CORRALLING THE 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M Gmal OY Tube 9 Maps dy News B 7 Sgns You&Your_ *Bookmarks 0 New Tab G Settinae-Privacy_ li NI Bookmarks �/^""'� 1 4 lb i /......., r -. „_— -��� _ram %.` ja,i ,!f 4F (0,74 1 yIII 1 , 1, i _ i 07 us Eal _ f�� Papa k /•{.' ..T Sp�' { Ircr �I t+ --I N4'11111eiktfprttfilek 4}dj,t,A"'"y4) ---', '. , '---\----‘-..--'-''''-'N'N'-....ly,illrg,i)11i!117;M INILt40,41-41/41:4V,..x„...1:1',I,", ..,1„.....:''' ill // 1 100/990114146.4*' r A II/1/""/W8140,130.0 04 ...„. . ,,ti k yry IY �,p' 11 1I1 o i ""rw«w,.at_ `"�M4J [ti S bpr', 3 " 1 , i �� Iq��r 1105, al>k �qY�; �^ 6glol I v \ /1.' f•;,-''c'el;,41'4,44,,c,4 , - '-sup/ men------ a.co-----;/ SI .Mae Cou. d ap !nE smu r�er M` y''w _ i1 \ y i^� YEToM.;y•}yLtyilr,4:' .e}v �M.,: nv.dYAUbu1kir,.M1a z :,'15ResowcMep,•,n !,. rinof ,Hwamaawe 7,7°;? w7;t:;dG gmlwI mContiiv,5;'rr C ob 00weMMw l�+ iu.'T -T i 7pr 1�""''"', n'nm 1 ,a_.— r41 � � O n ®3r ,Itf-'og 14441 I itv A2 .n: fi m'{I < 1� I F�A.-iA 1A,, (1 1I r � 'i411,u ioa bi 0 A vd Q 3 ,, I i ,, u -11mr1 , r�,`1111ll i •t'..,,:,,t•,?l„un,,gtu `gi1J tai, m Y :1#4 .r,*Amy „„„d aiit_ .,d b ti ... r From: Elena Sims Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 9:44 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: General Plan 2045 The idea of relabeling private property to recreational is outrageous!Trying to create an infrastructure that Hawaii will NOT be able to sustain. Housing for the homeless is unsustainable.That's been proven.Why on earth would you think all the items in the bill would be!!This will also affect you,your family,your children and generations to come. Getting rid of gasoline run cars? On an over 4,000 sq. mile island. Hunting and fishing will disappear. Ranching will become extinct. You all should be ashamed of your selves.You are not thinking of the people you serve.You are following an idea that Hawaii will not tolerate! You trying to put Hawaii in a square that you know is a round"hole. YOU REPRESENT THE PEOPLE OF HAWAII!! NOT BILLIONAIRES AND CORPORATIONS. VOTE NO ON GENERAL PLAN 2045. Sent from my iPhone 1 From: Jasmine Steiner Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 3:21 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Written testimony for BILL 66 second Hearing June 3rd 2026 *Sent 320 pm June 1st 2025 * HEARING DATE:June 3rd, 2026 COMMITTEE: Hawaii County Council-2nd Reading MEASURE: Bill No. 66(2nd Hearing)—Adopting the County of Hawaii General Plan 2045 POSITION: STRONGLY OPPOSE !!! Reject this draft immediately for the sake of us all. Dear Chair and Members of the Hawaii County Council, i am writing as a lifelong resident of Lower Puna,the founder of KahuPuna, and a representative of the We Are Puna community network to state our absolute opposition to Bill No. 66(Draft 2). During the first reading, community members standing up for our homes were dismissed by some on this council and in the media as"conspiracy theorists." Let be clear: pointing out the literal text of this bill is not a conspiracy; it is basic reading comprehension. We are told to "pass this now and fix it later."This is a dangerous evasion of your legislative kuleana.A General Plan laced with deliberate legal loopholes cannot be "fixed" after it has already greenlit the destruction of our rural communities. The specific text of Draft 2 exposes fatal vulnerabilities that favor industrial exploitation over community safety; 1.The Geothermal&Industrial Expansion Loopholes Element 5 (Public Utilities),Article 5, Policy 4: Supports infrastructure"where they make sense for the island and are compatible with community context."The terms"where they make sense" and "compatible" are completely subjective.They provide unelected planning officials and corporate entities a blank check to expand high-impact industrial operations—like Puna Geothermal Venture—into rural areas under the guise of"sustainability." Element 5, Policy 10: States the County"should coordinate land use decisions with the siting and expansion of energy facilities and transmission infrastructure."The word "should" has no legal teeth.This policy actively streamlines industrial intrusion into agricultural and rural zones. 2. Systematic Use of"Escape Clauses" The document claims to protect Important Agricultural Lands and honor cultural resources,yet it systematically guts these protections using weak, non-binding verbiage: The phrase"where feasible" is weaponized throughout the plan regarding infrastructure and agricultural water support, giving developers an easy out. i The document consistently uses the permissive "should" instead of the mandatory"shall"when defining environmental safeguards. Element 8 (Land Use),Article 3 permits"agriculture-supporting activities" and "value-added operations" without defining strict caps on scale, creating an open backdoor for industrial creep on protected lands. 3.The Core Fallacy Calling industrial-scale geothermal development"renewable and compatible" ignores the proven realities of toxic emissions, geological risks, and community displacement that Puna has endured for decades.This plan treats our home as a sacrifice zone for the rest of the island's energy grid. Our hopes for Rejection and Revision: We PRAY that Bill No. 66 be rejected on this second reading and sent back to the planning department to integrate: Mandatory, binding language: Replace every instance of"should" and "where feasible"with "shall" regarding environmental, agricultural, and cultural protections. Strict Prohibitions: Enforceable bans on industrial-scale energy facilities within rural, agricultural, and conservation districts. True Public Trust Alignment: Binding veto and consultation rights for Native Hawaiian practitioners and lineal descendants regarding wahi pana and cultural resources. This council is tasked with protecting the public trust under the Hawaii State Constitution. Do not pass a flawed blueprint with the false promise of fixing it later. Reject Bill No. 66(Draft 2). If there is any question as to how this body is dismantling public trust,the answer lies in your refusal to listen to the community. By continuing to blindly advance this measure while dismissing the explicit, text-based warnings provided by the public during the first reading, as well as the oral testimonies provided via zoom,you are actively failingyour constitutional duty to protect the public trust. Aloha `aina, Jasmine Steiner Founder, KahuPuna &We Are Puna Pohoiki Road, Puna 808-491-0801 I Wearepuna( gmail.com • Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 11:04 AM To: Patricia Stewart; Council Testimony Subject: RE: Remarks on Bill 66 Original Message From: Patricia Stewart Sent:Tuesday,June 2, 2026 8:58 AM To:Council Remote Testimony<councilremotetestimony@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject: Remarks on Bill 66 regarding the 2045 General plan. I am Patricia Wagatsuma Stewart,a 60-year resident of Hawaii. I want to dedicate my testimony tomorrow to the people on Hawaii Island who in good faith have devoted thousands of hours pondering the steps we are prepared to take in designing a form of civilization we prefer,and submitting our ideas for Big Island's best course forward. I am counting on our good Mayor to.veto any attempts that these, our elected County Council members may seek to take to sabotage the will of the people who have participated in this General Plan processs. Influences outside of our resident stakeholders (we the people)who have invested our lives and labor in building, in my case,decades,and for generations into antiquity among our Polynesian and other ocean voyagers welcomed here in Aloha. . This founding population has built a model more could imitate for sustainability that has been our Hawaiian culture long before we became an internationally recognized country. Hawaiians built a prototype for sustainability unrivaled, in my knowledge anywhere else on earth. Land use practices which modern "planning"theory can not improve upon. This island culture is not suited to mass immigration or pavement(see'Oahu's overdevelopment challenges with droughts and very recent horrendous flooding just in this past year. 1 The 48 states dumping ground,one way tickets for San Diego homeless population,who,at least are spared freezing in the cold-HEARTED,and deadly chilly climate,and coldly greedy capitalism gone rogue values are not good for our healthy survival. • I suggest statutes limiting this unsustainable expansion as our geological footprint is limited. The rogue current federal administration:Trump and Palantir's are an example of the proposed sabotage of our residents will. Land use practices which:green spaces created by selective confiscation using eminent domain methods of underpaying a relocated population who may now pay admission to these green space public parks, and to leave by closing time. My extreme allergies and my non-neurotypical thinking"on the spectrum " require my current self-made non-toxic home infrastructure in my agricultural zoned single family density rural Kapoho setting to survive. Group-think is not what work for me. I appreciate my six years,as a child in Atwater,California schools that were generously funded at that time in a small desert town where I walked alone to the city pool I molested to pay 15 cents to swim,dive and cool off.Walk home from school at lunchtime to have Mom watch me make cinnamon toast. I have learned in my 60 years in Hawaii to prefer fish, poi,and Kim Chee,and to add more tall trees to the forested property I purchased here in 1987 that resulted in my narrow lot now being five degrees cooler than my adjacent neighbors...,(cue climate change REVERSAL technology that any person on the planet can copy to reverse climate changes that have drastically impacted extreme weather pattern acceleration. Climate change reversal techniques that work Please copy this: plant as many trees everywhere. • Military occupation and expansion of Pohakuloa:another subject, but NO. Let's not accommodate this problem population. Pohakuloa pollutes. They receive impunity for crimes against our community members. Attacked on Schofield Barracks soldier pizza delivery customer, in 1984, I complained to the base,and was told that their juresdiction protected them from accountability for crimes against local population II Military populations do NOT"protect" us, but in reality, make us a target for retaliation from international forces who increasingly despise American assault,arrogance and exploitative invasions. Adopting the Hawaii County General Plan for 2045: I plan to be 99 years old in 2045, and I plan to make that my middle aged phase. Big Island HAS the conditions required to fulfill my goals: What if"we all have to die some day is a self-fulfilling false belief meme that we parrot; la la la: "We all gotta die someday,"so have a Pringle My goal for healthy longevity may not stand a chance against continued welcoming to a badly considered,demonstrably toxic,WRONG,secretively fraudulent Israeli project at PGV geothermal cap and trade scheme allowing BlackRock group" cap and trade" license to pollute HERE to give points to Baltimore Power and Light group pollution elsewhere? This project was analyzed by EPA scientists Goddard and Goddard. 2 Their advice was rejected on the grounds that the compulsion to OBSERVE their recusal not" mandated" in the poorly written law loopholes claimed by pricey PGV lawyers. Not okay Expansion TODAY encroaching into DHHL properties adds insult and injuries to our Hawaiian population whose"racial" quota is dilutes each time Hawaiians marry outside their imaginary"race"classification used by Reservation mentality officials ALLOWED legacy residents access to house lots here. Why us? Not okay. Sincerely, Patricia Wagatsuma Stewart Sent from my iPhone , 3 From: Harvey Stone Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 2:43 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Adopt Bill 66 - General Plan 2045 Draft 2 Aloha Chair and Members of the Hawaii County Council, I respectfully urge the Council to adopt General Plan 2045 Draft 2 with its targets, accountability measures, resilience framework, and biocultural stewardship provisions intact. This plan matters because Hawaii Island faces real and growing challenges: high energy costs, dependence on imported fossil fuels, housing pressures, climate impacts,wildfire risk, storms, sea level rise, and the ongoing need for resilient infrastructure and local economic opportunity. The current General Plan is more than 20 years old. It was written before the Kilauea eruption, COVID, the Lahaina fires, and before today's realities around renewable energy, electrification, climate adaptation, and resilience planning. GP 2045 was developed over many years through extensive public input, community workshops, Planning Commission review, and County staff engagement. It is thoughtful, balanced, and forward- looking. I am deeply concerned by proposed amendments that would strip out measurable targets and timelines related to energy independence,fleet electrification,transit,waste reduction, resilience, equity, and sustainability. Removing accountability weakens the plan and replaces meaningful policy with vague intentions. At a time when public discourse is increasingly driven by fear, misinformation, and distrust of government, I hope the Council will stay focused on practical long-term stewardship and responsible planning for the future of Hawaii Island. This is not about ideology. It is about affordability, resilience, infrastructure, public safety, and the long- term well-being of our communities. • Please adopt GP 2045 Draft 2 intact and reject efforts to weaken its measurable commitments and accountability structures. Mahalo for your service to Hawaii Island. Harvey Stone • 1 . • Testimony Regarding Bill 66, Draft 2—County of Hawai`i General Plan 2045 Functional Plans, Plan Hierarchy,and Unnecessary New County Plan Types Aloha Chair and Council Members: I am submitting this testimony in my personal capacity as an AICP-certified planner with nearly two decades of professional planning experience and as a member of the island's voting public. I am also employed by the County of Hawaii Planning Department; however, I do not speak for the Department,the Administration,or the County.This testimony reflects my own professional and civic concerns. By way of context, I worked in the Long Range Planning Division from 2017 through mid-2025. I previously raised concerns regarding the proposed use of County"functional plans."My concern then,as now, is laid out in this testimony. I respectfully oppose adoption of Bill 66, Draft 2 to the extent the General Plan creates, relies upon,or authorizes County"functional plans,""urban plans,"or similar new categories of County-level plans that are not expressly called for by the.Hawai`i State Planning Act, and whose authority, effect, adoption process, and relationship to existing County planning tools are not clearly defined before adoption. My opinion is simple:State functional plans are not the same thing as County planning documents, and the General Plan should not blur that distinction. HRS Chapter 226 already defines the relevant planning terms.A"county general plan"is the comprehensive long-range plan or development plan, if any, adopted by ordinance or resolution by a county council.A "county development plan"is a relatively detailed plan for an area or region within a county to implement the objectives and policies of a county general plan.A"functional plan,"however, is a plan setting forth policies, statewide guidelines, and priorities within a specific field of activity,when such activity or program is proposed,administered,or funded by an agency of the State. That statutory wording matters.The State Planning Act recognizes county general plans and county development plans. It does not clearly create separate County authority to establish county-level"functional plans"as an additional planning tier. Functional plans may be referenced,considered,and used to inform County general planning, but they should not be treated as though Chapter 226 clearly invites counties to create a parallel functional-plan structure. I recognize that other counties may use the phrase"functional plan"in local planning practice and that many State functional plans are outdated. Neither circumstance resolves the statutory question. If anything, both suggest a need for OPSD or other State-level guidance to clarify the relationship between State functional plans,county general plans, county development plans, CDPs, and local implementation documents.The County should advocate for that clarification rather than blur the planning hierarchy established in Chapter 226. Nor is my concern that the County cannot prepare topic-specific planning studies or implementation documents.Of course the-County may need more transportation planning, infrastructure planning, housing strategies,climate adaptation documents,facility planning,technical studies, budget guides,or program work plans to implement the General Plan. My concern is that such documents should not become stand- alone documents that confuse, duplicate,or obscure the adopted planning hierarchy.Where they contain policy direction, geographic priorities, land-use guidance,or implementation commitments,they should be brought back into the adopted planning framework through General Plan amendments, CDP updates, • implementing ordinances, or other clearly authorized public processes.The County's overall planning system should be clearly described in the General Plan itself and should not be left to be explained, defined,or effectively dictated through lower-level code provisions, implementation documents, or administrative practices. This is not just semantics. It is planning hierarchy. Sections 1.5 and 6.2 appear to identify a hierarchy of County plans and implementation activities, but identifying a hierarchy is not the same as legally defining it.The draft does not appear to clearly explain whether County"functional plans"will bd advisory or binding,who prepares them, how they are adopted or accepted,whether Council approval is required, how they relate to CDPs,zoning,subdivision, capital improvement programming, or State-level functional plans,or how conflicts among plans would be resolved. As a practical cautionary example,Section 6.2 refers to"the diagram above,"although the referenced Figure 11 appears below the text, and the document uses both"diagram"and"figure"in describing the planning system.Standing alone,that may be minor. But in a General Plan that introduces or renames plan categories and directs readers elsewhere for the legal framework, it reinforces the need to clarify terminology, hierarchy, and implementation before adoption. If these documents are merely practical implementation tools,the General Plan should say so clearly. If they are advisory,say so. If they require Council adoption,say so. If they do not amend, supersede,or control CDPs, zoning,subdivision, or capital improvement programming, say so.The problem is not that implementation documents exist.The problem is that the draft names or implies additional plan categories without clearly stating their legal weight,adoption process, or place in the hierarchy. The County already has a General Plan,CDPs,zoning,subdivision authority,capital improvement programming,ordinances, rules, permitting systems,and administrative tools.The challenge is not that the State Planning Act failed to create enough plan types.The challenge appears to be making the existing planning framework work. The CDPs are a clear example. Hawaii County already has multiple CDPs under one General Plan, and their implementation has not always been straightforward. But the answer is not to add more vague plan categories.The answer is to clarify and strengthen the General Plan,CDP, CIP, zoning, and implementation system the County already has. This is especially important because CDPs are not merely informal planning exercises. In Misslerv. Planning Director, County of Newel,the courts recognized that the Kona CDP,adopted by ordinance and incorporated by reference, contained a detailed scheme for implementing the General Plan.That shows Hawaii County already has a legally meaningful pathway for implementing the General Plan through properly adopted, place- based planning tools. Rather than creating new County plan categories or tiers,the County should lean into the authority it already has:a countywide General Plan implemented through properly adopted CDPs,zoning,subdivision,capital improvement programming, ordinances, rules, permitting procedures, and other publicly authorized tools. If the problem is implementation, coordination, or departmental silos,the better answer is not to alter the planning hierarchy.The answer is to make the existing planning framework work. The Council should also be cautious about adopting this General Plan based on assurances that clarifying or corrective amendment packages will follow after adoption. If the plan hierarchy, legal effect,and relationship among County plan types are unclear now,those issues should be resolved before adoption.Adopting first and correcting later can create temporary entitlement or reliance windows under ambiguous adopted language.The public deserves to know what the Council is adopting at the time it is adopted. Even smaller drafting issues matter in this context.The General Plan should be a document that reduces ambiguity, not one that requires interpretation to understand its own planning framework. If terminology, hierarchy,and implementation relationships remain unclear at adoption,those uncertainties will inevitably be carried forward into administration, permitting, capital improvement programming,and future planning efforts. My request is twofold: First,do not adopt County"functional plans"as a new County planning tier.Second, clarify the full planning hierarchy before adoption, including the relationship among the General Plan,CDPs, zoning, subdivision, capital improvement programming,State functional plans, and subordinate implementation documents.That relationship should be explained in the General Plan itself, not left to be defined later through lower-level County Code chapters, administrative practice,or post-adoption implementation documents. At minimum, references to County"functional plans,""urban plans,"or similar new plan categories should be removed, narrowed,or substantially clarified before adoption.The General Plan should clearly explain what these plans are,what they are not,who prepares them, how they are adopted or accepted,whether they are advisory or binding, how they relate to the existing planning hierarchy,and how conflicts among plans would be resolved. The County does not need more plan labels. It needs clearer, more consistent, more competent, and more accountable implementation of the planning tools it already has. Please clarify the planning hierarchy before adoption. To the extent this testimony constitutes a good-faith disclosure of concerns regarding possible inconsistency with law, public administration, public policy,or professional planning practice, I reserve all rights and protections available under applicable law. Mahalo for the opportunity to testify. Kevin Sullivan,AICP Submitted in an individual capacity From: Apurvo Sutherland Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 11:57 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Opposition to plan 2045 i am against plan 2045 it is very vague and therefore very concerning about how it can be misused...and there's not enough local control for the people please oppose this, i urge you! fern taryn sutherland maui hawaii • From: Tan Shannon Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 9:48 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 - SECOND READING • Dear Chair and Members of the Hawaii County Council, I am writing to express my strong and absolute opposition to Bill 66 (General Plan 2045, Draft 2). As a resident of Hawaii County, I am deeply concerned that this 310-page document infringes upon private property rights, overreaches into our personal freedoms, and threatens our rural way of life. I urge the Council to vote NO on this final reading based on the following critical flaws: . Property Acquisition and Overreach (Page 41, Action 1.13): This provision authorizes the County to acquire private lands without outlining explicit limits or establishing strict protections against eminent domain. The government must not be given a blank check to seize private property. . Erosion of Land Rights (Page 111, Section 17.4): Pushing to incorporate private land improvements into public "open space networks" without explicit, guaranteed, and fair market compensation is a direct violation of fundamental landowner rights. . Forced Urban Clustering (Section 4.0): Dictating "compact development" to funnel residents into tightly packed urban zones completely destroys the character of our rural communities. We live on the Big Island because we value open spaces, agriculture, and a rural lifestyle—not forced urbanization. . Threats to Vehicle Ownership (Section 4.2): The aggressive "net-zero" mandates aimed at phasing out gas and diesel vehicles are completely unrealistic for our massive rural island. Working families, farmers, and tradespeople rely on these vehicles to travel long distances for work, medical care, and supplies. - The public has not been given adequate time to review the massive scope of these long-term mandates. A 20-year blueprint should protect its people, not restrict them. 1 Please delay this vote to allow for proper community adjustments, listen to the overwhelming public opposition, and vote NO on Bill 66. Sincerely, Xin Tan Lower Puna (808) 339-4259 2 County of Hawaii Committee on People with Disabilities Kaycie Parks (Chair), Skye Narvaez (Vice Chair), Cristina Holt, Shyla Gacusana, and Casey Leigh Sabate Hauanio June 1, 2026 Council Chair Dr. Holeka Goro Inaba and Members of the Hawaii County Council County of Hawaii - 25 Aupuni Street, Suite 1402 Hilo, HI 96720 Re: Testimony in Support of General Plan 2045 with Recommended Amendments from the Committee on People with Disabilities, County of Hawaii. Aloha Council Chair Inaba and Members of the County Council, The Committee on People with Disabilities submits this testimony in support of the General Plan 2045 and respectfully requests the Council's consideration of three targeted amendments prior to or following adoption. We commend the County for advancing a General Plan that acknowledges people with disabilities in its transportation, housing, health, and parks chapters. We are particularly encouraged by Action 36.a, which calls for an Aging and Disability Resource Center in Kailua- Kona -- a commitment that has been realized and that we hope to see expanded to serve Hawai'i's many communities. We also note that the 2026 State Legislature passed HB2443, which establishes a Disability Integration Specialist position at the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency. This creates a direct state counterpart for county emergency planning coordination, and we believe the General Plan should reflect this partnership opportunity. With that context, we respectfully request the following three amendments, either as modifications to the current plan or as direction for implementation and future policy development: • 1. DISABILITY-INCLUSIVE EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLANNING • Add explicit language requiring that emergency evacuation planning be conducted in coordination with the Hawaii Emergency Management Agency's Disability Integration Specialist and local disability advocacy organizations, to ensure that people with disabilities and others with access and functional needs are fully included in all phases of disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Hawaii Island's unique hazard environment -- including volcanic activity and wildfire risk -- makes this an urgent priority. 2. TRANSIT IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES • Add a requirement that any proposed reduction in fixed-route public transit service • be evaluated for its impact on people with disabilities before taking effect. People with disabilities who depend on public transit and cannot independently operate a vehicle are disproportionately harmed by service cuts. Recent reductions in service between Hawaiian Paradise Park and Hilo illustrate this gap. The General Plan's stated goal of equitable mobility cannot be achieved without a protection mechanism. 3. UNIVERSAL DESIGN IN AFFORDABLE HOUSING • Strengthen the housing chapter language from incentivizing to requiring universal design principles and ADA accessibility in county-funded or county-permitted affordable housing developments. Incentive language alone has not produced accessible housing at the scale our community needs. A requirement would ensure that public investment in affordable housing serves all residents, including those with mobility limitations. We recognize that the General Plan is at second and final reading, and we respect the significant work that has brought it to this point. If amendment at this stage is not practicable, we ask that the Council adopt these three priorities as direction for implementation, and that this testimony be entered into the record as a commitment that the Committee on People with Disabilities will continue to advance. Thank you for your consideration and for your service to all residents of Hawaii Island. Respectfully submitted, The Committee on People with Disabilities VLIBE R. TARIAN tea' IN OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 The Libertarian Party of Hawaii is in strong opposition to Bill 66. This Council is being asked to adopt a 313-page,top-down mandate that restricts where people may build,forces government-directed energy transitions,redesignates private agricultural land without owner consent,and locks the island into a rigid 20-year policy with no enforceable benchmarks and no clear implementation plan. This Council should reject it. I. Stripping Rural Landowners of Development Rights The plan contains stricter land use controls that expand the scope of county authority over private property far beyond what the current 2005 General Plan permits.The 2045 Plan focuses growth in urban centers in order to"protect rural and agricultural land from development".Private landowners outside designated urban centers will be told their property may not be developed according to their own judgment,needs,or the free market.Their decisions will be made for them by a planning commission. Rural residents on this island are not a problem to be managed or contained.They are human beings and property owners with rights this Council is obligated to serve and to respect. II. Creating Direct Rezoning Risk for Private Owners The redesignation of agricultural lands to "natural lands"has been a recurring and specific concern that adds regulatory hurdles and limits farming. Redesignating our home limits what owners can do with their property is nothing short of theft by dictatorship.It is a mechanism which does not belong in law at all. III. Eliminating Affordable Energy Choices The 2045 Plan contains requirements for renewable energy adoption with the goal of net-zero carbon emissions.Hawai`i already has some of the highest electricity rates in the nation.A county-level mandate driving a full energy transition on a government timeline,rather than one led by market readiness and consumer preference,will only accelerate costs. The residents who will bear that burden most heavily are working families and small businesses that cannot absorb rising energy prices.They may not be able to purchase new EVs or retrofit their operations as mandated.The county cannot force residents out of affordable energy options. IV. Expanding Mass Transit The 2045 Plan contains provisions for increasing mass transit.Even though it is framed as infrastructure planning,in practice it is forcing collectivized transportation over private vehicle use. Public transit cannot realistically serve most residents'daily needs.Embedding a mass transit expansion Li bertarian H awaii.corn mandate into a 20-year framework reflects ideological preference instead of practical governance. Individual residents,not county planners, should determine how they travel. V. Granting Unaccountable Regulatory Power to Unelected Bodies The plan's"Biocultural Stewardship"framework is a standing tool available to any party seeking to halt private agricultural activity,land modification,or commercial development on cultural or environmental grounds.Because the standards are vague,the authority is effectively unlimited. This Council should not even think about handing over such far-reaching powers. VI. Nonexistent Implementation Benchmarks This monstrosity is a 3+page document that commits the county to transformative changes in land use,energy,transportation,and environmental management,with no measurable standards against which to evaluate progress or hold planners accountable,is an open-ended delegation of authority with no mechanism for the public to request or measure results. VII. Substantial Community Opposition Despite 10 years of development and nearly$1.7 million in public spending,the plan failed to achieve broad community support,raising real questions about whether community voices are genuinely being considered.The committee-that forwarded it to the full Council did so without amendments,by a narrow 5-4 vote.The full Council's first reading passed 6-3.This document is being pushed through over persistent and documented public objection. VIII. Internal Contradictions on Housing Affordability The plan calls for"affordable housing"as a goal while simultaneously restricting land supply and concentrating development in government-designated urban corridors.Restricting where housing can be built is among the most well-documented drivers of higher housing costs in land use economics.The county cannot solve a housing affordability problem that its own regulations and restrictions are creating. The Libertarian Party of Hawaii calls on every member of this Council to vote no on Bill 66.This document restricts where people may build,raises the cost of living,redesignates private land,expands unaccountable regulatory authority under vague stewardship language,and does all of this without enforceable benchmarks,public support.The people of Hawaii deserve a government that trusts them to use their land and fully determine how they live.Do away with the county plan and let the people plan for themselves. For liberty, The Libertarian Party of Hawaii I LPHlsecretary(agmail.com (808)824-LPHI • LibertarianHawaii. orrl From: Pasha Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 10:37 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: General Plan 2045 testimony Aloha, We do not support General Plan 2045. It's too vague, inaccurate, and Unconstitutional in nature.We don't support it and don't consent to it based on the following points: • Numerous errors and omissions within the General Plan maps. • Land-use designation changes that many affected property owners neither requested nor support. • Potential negative impacts on private property rights and future land-use opportunities. • The repeated reliance on unelected stakeholders, outside organizations, and partnership frameworks that may diminish local control and accountability. • • Sustainability and climate-related policies that could be used to justify future restrictions on land use, development, housing, transportation, energy, and private property rights. • Long-range climate assumptions and projections that may be subject to significant revision over time. • The failure to adequately address substantial public opposition expressed throughout the planning process. Without prejudice; UCC 1-308 and All rights reserved. Mahalo, The Yushin Ohana • AFFIDAVIT OF OPPOSITION TO BILL 66-Hawaii County General Plan 2045 As a resident of Hawaii Island I strongly oppose the adoption and implementation of the Hawaii County General Plan 2045 as written. The General Plan is intended to guide land use, infrastructure, housing,transportation, environmental policy, economic development, and future county decision-making for decades to come. Due to its broad scope and long-term impact, it deserves the highest level of scrutiny and transparency. For the reasons below I implore the county council to refrain from supporting this document in its current form: 1. Local Control and Community Intent Concerns Property owners learned of significant land-use designation changes after receiving notices from the County, and many immediately objected.This raises concerns about whether the final document reflects the intent of residents or the influence of outside planning interests and stakeholders. If the people of Hawaii Island did not have meaningful participation in shaping the final document,then it is reasonable to question how GP 2045 can truly be called a plan written for the people of Hawaii Island. What matters is whether the people most affected by the plan were adequately informed, meaningfully heard, and accurately represented in the outcome.When a plan has the potential to substantially alter land-use designations, affect property rights, influence future development, and reshape communities for generations, public participation must be more than procedural—it must be meaningful. If the final document does not accurately reflect the will of the people and contains numerous errors and omissions that could negatively affect property owners, then it should not be implemented until those concerns have been fully addressed, corrected, and subjected to further public review. 2. PROPERTY RIGHTS AND MAPPING CONCERNS The concerns surrounding GP 2045 become even more significant when examining its impact on private property owners it is intended to serve. The right to acquire, own, use, improve, and enjoy private property is a foundational right protected by both the United States Constitution and the Hawaii Constitution. 1 The amount of money spent on the planning process does not determine the legitimacy of the final product. If many residents objected to the land-use changes affecting their properties once they became aware of them, it raises a fundamental question about whether the final document truly reflects the will of the people. Numerous landowners received notices indicating changes to land-use designations affecting their properties. Many of those affected questioned why such changes were proposed in the first place and whether they accurately reflected community input.At the same time, Council Member James Hustace reportedly identified multiple errors and omissions within the General Plan maps in just one district. If significant errors and omissions exist in one district,there is reasonable cause to question the accuracy of maps throughout the County. This is not a minor issue. Land-use maps serve as the foundation upon which future planning, permitting, development decisions, infrastructure investments, and policy implementation may be based. If the maps are inaccurate, property owners may be subjected to decisions that were never intended, never requested, and never supported by the affected,communities. Inaccurate land-use designations can create uncertainty regarding: • Property values • Future development rights • Financing and lending decisions • Permitting processes • Land-use restrictions • Future zoning interpretations • Long-term investment and planning expectations Property owners should not bear the burden of errors contained within County planning documents. Before GP 2045 is relied upon as a governing framework for future decisions, the public deserves assurance that all maps, designations, and classifications have been independently reviewed, corrected, and verified for accuracy. Failure to fully correct these errors and omissions before implementation risks creating unintended consequences for landowners, reducing public trust, and exposing residents to decisions based on inaccurate information.A plan that contains significant mapping errors and proposes land-use changes that many affected property owners neither requested nor 2 support should not be implemented until those issues are fully addressed and subjected to meaningful public review. The people of Hawaii Island deserve a planning document that is accurate, transparent, respectful of constitutionally protected property rights, and genuinely reflective of the communities it claims to represent. 3. CONSTITUTIONAL CONCERNS The United States Constitution exists to protect individual liberty and private propertyfrom excessive governmental control. While GP 2045 does not directly remove ownership rights, policies adopted today may later be used to justify regulations, restrictions, conditions, or interpretations that affect how residents may use their land. Because constitutional rights belong to the people and not to government, any plan that a Government is planning should remain advisory and accountable to elected representatives rather than evolving into a framework that effectively governs future land- use decisions without direct voter approval. 4. STAKEHOLDER GOVERNANCE CONCERNS Throughout GP 2045 appears repeated language encouraging the County to: "Partner with government, private and nonprofitagencies, communities, and other stakeholders..." This language appears repeatedly throughout the plan and represents a significant departure from previous General Plans. The repeated emphasis on partnerships with outside entities creates concern that future land-use, housing, environmental,transportation, and development decisions could be increasingly influenced by organizations that are not accountable to Hawaii Island voters. The term "stakeholder" is broad and may include organizations, consultants, non- governmental organizations,foundations, corporations, advocacy groups, and entities that are not elected by Hawaii Island residents. This raises a simple question: If citizens elect County officials to represent them,why should unelected stakeholders have an expanded role in shaping policies that affect local land, housing, transportation, and development decisions? 3 The more authority that shifts toward stakeholder-driven governance, the less direct accountability exists to the people most affected by those decisions.The people of Hawaii Island should remain the primary stakeholders in decisions affecting their land, communities, economy, and future. 5. OUTSIDE INFLUENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORKS GP 2045 repeatedly incorporates concepts that expand governmental discretion while reducing certainty for property owners should be approached with caution.The GP 2045 is modeled from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which is a foreign entity. Residents have repeatedly informed County officials that the United States government and several states, including Tennessee, Florida,Arizona, and West Virginia, have taken steps to remove themselves from implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)that undermines U.S. sovereignty. That concern is precisely what many Hawaii Island residents have raised regarding GP 2045. Residents have repeatedly asked why Hawaii County is embedding so many sustainability-based planning frameworks into GP 2045 when the federal government and multiple states have expressed concerns regarding their impact on local self-governance and accountability. Sustainability, climate resilience, regenerative development, equity frameworks, and related sustainability goals are woven throughout GP 2045 and form a substantial portion of the document's guiding principles and policies.While these concepts may appear beneficial on the surface, residents are concerned that they can be used to justify increased regulation, expanded governmental authority, restrictions on private property, . and long-term planning decisions that shift control away from local communities. 6. CLIMATE ASSUMPTIONS,WEATHER MODIFICATION,AND TRANSPARENCY CONCERNS GP 2045 places significant emphasis on climate projections, climate adaptation, resilience planning, hazard mapping, greenhouse gas reduction, and future environmental conditions.Yet many residents remain concerned about the assumptions underlying these policies and whether they have been fully disclosed and scrutinized. On May 19th, 2026,The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change drops its most extreme scenario because global efforts to slow climate change make the SDGs constitute"soft global governance" U.S. Counselor for Economic and Social Affairs stated that worst-case scenario"implausible."The United Nations TOP Climate Committee just admitted that its own projections (RCP8.5)were wrong! (From United Press International) 4 This development raises an important concern. If climate projections and assumptions can change significantly over time, how much weight should be placed on long-range climate forecasts when they are used to justify policies that may affect land use, property rights, infrastructure investments, housing, transportation, energy policy, and future regulatory decisions? GP 2045 relies heavily on future climate assumptions to support many of its policies and recommendations, residents have a right to ask: •What climate assumptions are being used? •What data sources are being relied upon? • Have all factors that may influence weather and climate been considered? J •What level of uncertainty exists within the projections being used? • How often will these assumptions be reviewed and updated as new information becomes available? Land-use decisions, property rights, infrastructure investments, housing, transportation, energy policy, and future regulations Policies with long-lasting consequences for residents and future generations should be grounded in reliable,transparent, and verifiable information. Decisions that could permanently shape Hawaii Island should not be driven by projections that may change substantially over time. 7. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION CONCERNS Myself and many other residents dedicated significant time and effort to participating in the GeneralPlan process.Throughout the public hearings, residents repeatedly raised concerns regarding: • Property rights • Map inaccuracies and omissions • Stakeholder governance • Sustainability policies • Climate provisions to including CO2 sequestration which would betdetrimental • Land-use designations • Implementation language 5 A planning process earns public trust when concerns raised by the public are respectfully considered and visibly addressed, as of June 2026 after almost 2 years of repeated testimony I have not witnessed amendments incorporated addressing these concerns. Public testimony should be evaluated on its facts, evidence, and merits—not on labels, assumptions, personal beliefs, or a citizen's prior exercise of constitutional rights.When residents feel they are being dismissed, ridiculed, or judged based on factors unrelated to the substance of their testimony, public confidence in the process is undermined. 8. NOTICE TO COUNCIL AND REQUEST FOR ACTION Based upon the concerns outlined herein, I respectfully urge the Hawaii County Council to oppose, repeal, suspend, or otherwise halt implementation of GP 2045 until the following issues have been fully resolved: • Correct the numerous errors and omissions within the General Plan maps and 'independently verify all land-use designations before implementation. • Rescind the land-use designation changes that many affected property owners neither requested nor support until meaningful public review has occurred and all mapping errors and omissions have been corrected. • Remove or substantially revise provisions that rely on unelected stakeholders, outside organizations, and partnership frameworks that may shift decision-making authority away from Hawaii Island residents and elected representatives and toward entities that are not directly accountable to local voters. • Remove sustainability, climate, and regulatory policies that may be used to expand governmental control over land use, development, housing, transportation, energy, and private property rights beyond what residents intended or approved. • Remove the use of long-range climate projections as a basis for restrictive policies, as even the United Nations climate experts have recently revised and moved away from previously relied-upon worst-case scenarios, demonstrating that such assumptions can change significantly overtime. • Respectfully address substantial public opposition expressed throughout the General Plan process. A General Plan should reflect the informed wishes, priorities, and values of the people who will live under it. GP 2045 does not appear to meet that standard. When substantial public opposition exists, elected officials have a responsibility to address the public. 6 • No amount of time, money, or effort invested in creating a plan can justify implementing a document that contains significant errors, unresolved public concerns, and policies that many affected residents do not support. Until these concerns are fully addressed, all mapping errors and omissions are corrected, affected property owners are given meaningful review, and the final document demonstrably reflects the informed will of the people of Hawaii Island, GP 2045 should not be implemented, any action to support GP 2045 as written is treasonous. The people of Hawaii Island deserve a General Plan that is accurate,transparent, locally driven, respectful of constitutional rights, protective of private property, and reflective of the communities it is intended to serve. 9. DECLARATION I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing statements are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information, and belief. Donna Thompson Kamuela, HI Signed 2 June 2026 • From: Debbie Trimboli Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 10:40 AM To: Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer;Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii- Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas,.Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace, James; Kierkiewicz,Ashley Cc: Mayor's Office Executive • Subject: Oppose GP 2045 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections. These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process. A plan intended to guide Hawai'i Island for decades should be accurate, transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawai'i County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Debbie Trimboli . South Hilo District 2 1 From: Deborah Umiamaka Sent: Saturday, May 30, 2026 3:19 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: STRONG OPPOSITION TO BILL 66 May 30,2026 Dear Members of the Hawai`i County Council, I am writing to express my strong opposition to Bill 66. I urge the Council to carefully reconsider this measure due to its potential impacts on private property rights, land use autonomy, and the long-term well-being of Hawai`i Island residents. Bill 66 raises serious concerns about the erosion of individual land rights. Many property owners have invested their life savings into their land with the expectation of maintaining reasonable control over how it is used. Policies that enable forced clustering or restrict traditional land use practices risk undermining that trust and may set a troubling precedent for increased government overreach into private ownership. Additionally,the bill appears to move toward a model that could limit flexibility for rural and agricultural landowners. Hawai`i Island is unique in its diversity of land use needs, and a one-size-fits-all approach does not reflect the realities of those living and working on their land. Mandating clustering or redefining land use patterns without clear,voluntary participation may create unintended economic and social burdens. There are also broader concerns about how such policies could indirectly affect residents' independence, including transportation and access to essential services.Any measure that could constrain residents' ability to live self-sufficiently—especially in rural areas—deserves careful scrutiny and meaningful community input. I respectfully request that the Council: • Protect and uphold private property rights. • Ensure that any land use changes are voluntary, not imposed. • Provide clear safeguards against unintended consequences affecting rural lifestyles and livelihoods. • Engage in transparent, inclusive dialogue with affected communities before advancing such measures. Hawai`i Island's strength lies in its people, its land, and the balance between stewardship and personal responsibility. Policies that shift that balance too far risk harming both. For these reasons, I strongly oppose Bill 66. Sincerely, Deborah Umiamaka 1 From: Diane Ware Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 9:22 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Fwd: Bill 66 in support Dear Chair Inaba and Council Members, The 2045 Plan is not perfect, But it covers the essential elements of a General Plan and contains many good recommendations. It has been thoroughly vetted by the Planning Commissions and available to the public for over a year for review and comment. I'm writing to ask the Council to adopt the General Plan 2045 with its targets and accountability structures intact, and to reject amendments that remove quantitative benchmarks, the energy and resilience framework, or the biocultural stewardship provisions. The 2045 Plan in Bill 66 has an extensive discussion of actions that should be taken to adapt to climate change. This is already affecting us and things like more intense storms and sea level rise will be a pervasive part of our future. Mahalo for your service, Diane Ware Moku o Ka'u P. O. Box 698 Volcano HI 96785 1 From: John Wassell Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 10:46 AM To: Council Testimony. Subject: Bill 66 Testimony Aloha Council Members, I am in strong support of Bill 66,which allows General Plan 2045 to be adopted. I believe a comprehensive plan provides a better guideline to Land Use Planning. The 2045 plan needs some amendment(s)to: • Correct mapping errors • Address keeping large-scale Al data centers out of Hawai'i County. Thank you for your consideration, JJ Wassell, Computer Scientist, HELCO consultant, and member of East Hawai' i Indivisible. • General Plan for Hawaii County To argue against accepting General Plan 2045 (GP2045)with all the help it seeks from outside stakeholders and partners, is hard because it goes against our desire to take what's free or has mere strings attached. The word'contrafreeloading' means avoiding what's free. Animals like pigs and chickens that are contrafreeloading do well by avoiding traps. Governments who maintain sovereignty, and self-determination for their citizens, do well by limiting the decision-making power they give to grt something free or low-cost. There are unfortunate people in America today who inquire about the resource usage of data centers in their communities, and find that their local governments signed non-disclosure agreements for their data center partners. Decision-making power of those citizens has been given away, As an example,the Beniof medical center in Keaau, as a public private partnership, decided to not install solar panels, which is against the desires of the county and the state. These desires are documented as commitments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by switching from fossil fuel to renewable energy. The county has an office, called OSCER, and a plan,'called the Integrated Climate Action Plan(ICAP), to do what's described in the climate change sections of GP2045. Therefore, the county does not need GP2045 to address climate change issues. GP2045 is not only unnecessary but also inadequate to address climate change. It doesn't address our geothermal energy's renewability or its use of open venting. As known from the most advanced geothermal sites (in.Iceland) and from Puna Geothermal Venture's environmental impact report by Adler in 2013,the amount of renewable energy from a well is limited because otherwise the well cools down. Adler's original estimate for Puna Geothermal (PGV)was that a well would cool in 25 years. That estimate might be based on the fact that PGV was 25 years old and two of its 12 wells had cooled. It is unknown how much of PGVs output can be considered renewable, especially if its capacity is increased. GP2045 addresses neither this issue nor PGV's use of open venting to increase its output. GP2045 does not adequately address the climate change-related issue of sea level rise. It mentions that Hawaii is sinking at the global average rate of about 3mm/year which is one foot in 100 years and that Hilo's rate is a little faster. Although these rates have been constant for the last 25 years, GP2045 uses an estimate of 3.2 feet in 100 years by assuming that the rate will increase. Whether or not this assumption is correct, either for global sea level or around Hawaii Island, we can use the 3.2 ft height to create a tentative mapping of danger zones with no further action needed until we monitor sea level confirm the assumption. This will be easy and educational and enable us to make the estimates we need. One reason for assuming an increase in the rate of sea level rise is that glaciers melting on land will add water to the oceans. Sea level is falling in northwest Canada which means the land there is rising. Less ice means less weight pushing down oh the land so it rises. Similarly,water added to the ocean pushes down on the ocean floor so the added water could cause sea floor lowering rather than sea level rising. This would invalidate the assumption of an accelerated rate that causes a 3.2 foot rise in 100 years. However,there is one direct cause of sea level rise is ocean warming which causes the water to expand. The NELHA facility in Kona does this by pumping deep cold water to the surface causing warmer water to move downward gradually heating the ocean. Although NELHA's contribution to sea level rise is negligable, GP2045 should not encourage more of it, like its recommendation to pursue Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). For life on earth, ocean heating is much worse than mere sea level rise. Lastly, GP2045 has 1010 vague objectives,policies, and actions. We can't afford to go off in hundreds of directions. We need to simplify with more specific and concrete actions that.can accomplish the most important objectives. We need to approve a revised plan one section at a time,where the total number of sections is about ten,using a month for each with on-going discussions among the interested parties followed up with a meeting at the end of each week. We can start with Ashley's General Plan 2026. All parts of proposed general plans will be discussed during the campaign season for the elections in November. Sent: Wednesday,June 3, 2026 7:53 AM To: marybeth weber Cc: Council Testimony . Subject: RE: Strongly object to bill'66-second reading!!!! From: marybeth weber Sent:Wednesday,June 3, 2026 7:32 AM To:Council Remote Testimony<councilremotetestimony@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject:Strongly object to bill 66-second reading!!!! I strongly object to bill 66. You are to represent the people of Hawaii island and this bill does not serve the PEOPLE! No more land grabs! Marybeth Weber . Volcano Village I. • • Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 7:57 AM To: Karen Welsh; Council Testimony Subject: RE: My testimony on the Hawai'i Island General Plan • • Original Message From: Karen Welsh Sent:Saturday, May 30,2026 2:53 PM To:Council Remote Testimony<councilremotetestimony@hawaiicounty.gov> Subject: My testimony on the Hawai'i Island General Plan The proposed General Plan comes down to trust. If residents trust future officials to exercise restraint,the broad planning language seems harmless. If they do not trust future officials,the same language can look like the first step toward more significant changes and that is why the debates become so passionate. Personally, I lack trust in our politicians. My biggest concern,as a Hawai'i Island property owner is whether Bill 66 immediately affects resale.Will the property's future designation on the General Plan maps makes it easier or harder for future owners to obtain approvals, build,subdivide,or change use.Those expectations often have a larger effect on long- term value. The General Plan may create a policy framework that future councils could use to justify more restrictive land-use decisions,and that,possibility concerns and affects me,so I am inclined to not be in support of it. Sincerely, Karen Welsh Hilo Resident 1 From: Deanna Wentworth Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 8:03 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: testimony regarding General Plan 2045 and bill 66 Aloha I strongly oppose passing the General Plan 2045 and Bill 66 as currently drafted. I formally request an inquiry be made into why there was a General Plan 2040 being worked on and then Covid happened and they hired a new project manager Zendo Kern and the name was changed from GP 2040 to GP 2045. General plan 2040 seemed to be scrapped and a new plan created that had very little input form local Big Island residents and included a lot of the United Nations Climate Change Plan? Climate change is a science that is heavily funded. But you need to be willing to question the motives of the forces steering the world today and try to determine what they mean by"Natural"designation and other"climate"terminology. Hawaii has an opportunity right now to contribute our mana'o on how to care best for our'aina and not just conform. . This kind of plan should reflect the highest consciousness of our council. There should be no greed or corruption in this plan at all. This kind of thing is to protect and guide our generations. Please step into your higher selves when making this decision. I commit to be at as many meetings you all call as I can to help create this new plan. And I really hope that Hilo can get their community development plan done before we start on the new and improved General Plan for our county! Mahalo Deanna Wentowrth Retired kindergarten teacher, mother of 4 and grandmother of 12 Big Island Landowner/resident for 36 years 1 From: wadew835840 Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 8:42 PM To: Council Testimony Cc: wadew835840 Subject: Opposition to Bill (General Plan Bill 66, 2045 draft 2) Hawaii County Council, I am Voicing my Strong Opposition to this Bill 66. This bill is a LAND Grab form the citizens of Hawaii that you are supposed to work for, who pay your salaries! You are supposed to listen to your Constitutes and to Due Our will not your own! Page 41 (Action 1.13) to Authorizes the County to "acquire private Lands" without explicit limits or protection against eminent domain! Erosion of Land Rights: Page 111 (Section 17.4) , Forced Clustering: Section 4.0, To funnel residents into tightly packed urban Zones! Vehicle Ownership Threats: Section 4.2 outlines aggressive "Net-zero" vehicles. None of this Benefits the residents of this State, this is America, the Land of the Free!! Not a Communist Run State!!! Do Your Job and Defeat this Insane Bill!! We will be watching your vote and take back or freedom come the next elections! Mahalo, Your Friend in Real Estate, Wade Wertz-Broker in Charge, RB-22483 Hilo Bay Realty 1572714 Pahoa Village Road Pahoa, Hawaii 96778 wadew835840aprotonmail.corn .www.HiloBayRealty.com Cell 808-333-4746 I am never too busy for your referrals!! Sent with Proton Mail secure email. . 1 TESTIMONY REGARDING BILL 66—GENERAL PLAN 2045 (DRAFT 2) Aloha Members of the Hawai`i County Council, My name is Paul Wheeless, and I am a longtime resident of Hawai`i Island. I respectfully submit this testimony regarding Bill 66 and the proposed General Plan 2045. I would first like to state that I understand the purpose of a General Plan. I recognize that the County must prepare for future growth, infrastructure needs, environmental protection, transportation, housing, and economic development. I appreciate the effort that has gone into developing this document over many years. However, I also believe there are legitimate concerns that deserve serious consideration before this plan is adopted. After reviewing portions of the General Plan and examining the public discussion surrounding it, I have reached a conclusion that many residents appear to share: The greatest concern is not necessarily what the document does today. The greatest concern is what future governments may do with it tomorrow. Throughout history, government agencies at every level have often introduced plans, programs, regulations, and policies with positive intentions.Years later, those same plans have sometimes been expanded, reinterpreted, amended, or enforced in ways that were never originally presented to the public. This concern is not based on conspiracy theories. It is based on experience. Many citizens have watched policies evolve beyond their original purpose. Many have seen regulations grow far beyond what residents'were initially told. Many have witnessed promises made during adoption stages that later disappeared as administrations changed and new officials interpreted previous language differently. Because of this history, many residents are reading this General Plan not only for what it says today, but for what authority it may provide future governments tomorrow. The General Plan repeatedly promotes concepts such as: • Compact development • Concentrated growth centers • Climate adaptation policies • Net-zero emissions goals • Reduced vehicle miles traveled • • Open-space preservation • Land acquisition for resource protection • Long-term sustainability initiatives • While these goals may sound reasonable on the surface, many residents are concerned about how these policies could eventually be translated into future ordinances, zoning decisions,permit requirements, land-use restrictions, development limitations;transportation mandates, or property regulations. The concern is not that Bill 66 immediately confiscates land. The concern is whether future officials may someday use language within this plan to justify actions that reduce private property rights or restrict rural lifestyles. Many residents choose to live in rural Hawaii because they value independence, self- sufficiency, agriculture, open space, and a way of life that differs greatly from urban environments. Residents in Puna, Ka`u, Hamakua, South Kona, and other rural communities often rely upon: • Personal vehicles • Agricultural activities • Private land stewardship • Rural home ownership • Long-distance transportation • Independent infrastructure systems These communities operate differently than dense urban centers. As the County pursues climate and transportation objectives,residents need reassurance that future policies will recognize the realities of rural life on Hawaii Island. I have also reviewed discussions concerning language related to land acquisition and open-space preservation. While I understand that conservation and resource protection are important goals, many residents are concerned whenever government planning documents contain language discussing acquisition of private lands or expanding public open-space networks. Even if the current intent is limited, future interpretations may not be. Citizens deserve stronger assurances that private property rights will remain protected and that any future land-acquisition efforts will remain transparent, narrowly defined, and subject to meaningful public oversight. I respectfully ask the Council to consider whether the General Plan should contain stronger language that explicitly protects: • Rural property rights • Agricultural landowners • Existing homeowners • Transportation flexibility for rural residents • Protection from excessive regulatory expansion • Protection against future misuse or overreach through reinterpretation of General Plan policies I believe many residents are not asking the County to abandon planning. They are asking for safeguards. They are asking for clarity. They are asking for assurances that future governments cannot use broad policy language to gradually erode freedoms that residents currently enjoy. Trust in government is strengthened when citizens know that protections are written directly into the document itself rather than left to future interpretation. For these reasons, I respectfully request that the Council carefully review the concerns being raised by residents and consider amendments that provide stronger protections for private property rights, rural lifestyles, and future accountability before adopting Bill 66. Thank you for your time and consideration. Respectfully, Paul Wheeless Hawai`i Island Resident From: Ne Win Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 6:46 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: Strong opposition to bill 66! I strongly oppose Bill 66! The following issues are not supported by my Ohana. • X Property Grabs: Page 41 (Action 1.13) authorizes the County to "acquire private lands" without explicit limits or protections against eminent domain. • X Erosion of Land Rights: Page 111 (Section 17.4) pushes to incorporate private land improvements into public "open space networks" without fair compensation. • X Forced Clustering: Section 4.0 dictates "compact development" to funnel residents into tightly packed urban zones, threatening our rural lifestyle. • X Vehicle Ownership Threats: Section 4.2 outlines aggressive "net-zero" mandates that critics warn will phase out gas and diesel vehicles on our massive rural island. I also oppose GEOTHERMAL. As a health care facilitator in the Puna community, I see the health issues that geothermal create. As a resident of Puna, living within a five-mile radius of Puna Geothermal Plant. I know when PGV conducts "flow testing" I have a higher incidence of Seizure. The last flow testing (May 2026) resulted in a trip to the Emergency Room in which I lost two days of consciousness. The increase of Hydrogen Sulfide coupled with the natural release of volcanic gasses threatens the health of our community. Please reconsider Bill 66. This 'is not a healthy option for Puna! Neva J Winter Winters Main Massage Pahoa Hi i From: Karen A.Wood Sent: Tuesday,June 2, 2026 7:48 AM To: Council Testimony Subject: GP2045 Please represent me and bot the government,vote no on this proposal. Sent from my iPhone • From: Terri Yoshinaga Sent: Monday,June 1, 2026 3:08 PM To: Council Testimony; Council Testimony; Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace,James; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Cc: Mayor's Office Executive Subject: Oppose GP 2045 Dear Council Members, I respectfully urge you to oppose General Plan 2045. For nearly two years, many residents have testified against GP2045, raising concerns about property rights, land-use changes, agricultural impacts, map inaccuracies, and the growing role of outside agencies and stakeholders. Many feel these concerns have not been meaningfully addressed. The numerous errors and omissions identified in the General Plan maps are especially troubling. Maps are not minor details—they are the foundation for future land-use decisions. Inaccurate maps can affect property values, create confusion, lead to inconsistent interpretations, and create years of disputes and costly corrections.These issues cannot simply be fixed after adoption without affecting property owners and public trust. Many residents are also concerned that GP2045 does not reflect the testimony provided throughout this process. A plan intended to guide Hawai'i Island for decades should be accurate,transparent, and reflect the concerns of the communities it serves. We need a plan that protects private property rights, supports local farmers, preserves local control, and respects meaningful public participation. For these reasons, I respectfully ask you to reject GP2045 and support GP2026 as the better path forward for Hawaii County. Mahalo for your time, consideration, and service to our community. Sincerely, Terri Yoshinaga District 22 Oahu 1 From: Chris Yuen Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 10:13 PM To: Council Testimony; Kierkiewicz, Ashley Cc: Kimball, Heather; Kagiwada,Jennifer; Onishi, Dennis; Kanealii-Kleinfelder, Matt; Galimba, Michelle M.;Villegas, Rebecca; Inaba, Holeka; Hustace,James; Darrow,Jeffrey W.; Morrison, Bethany J Subject: Re:Testimony on Bill 66,for May 20 Christopher J. Yuen P.O. Box 5 Ninole, HI 96773 May 31, 2026 email: chrisyuenz@hotmail.com • Council Chair Inaba and Members of the Hawaii County Council: Please adopt Bill 66, Draft 2, the proposed "General Plan 2045." Every General Plan adopted by this county — the 1971, 1989, and 2005 Plans —generated controversy and criticism. Yet each ultimately served an important purpose: providing long-range guidance for future decisions affecting the island. The current proposal does that. It presents a coherent vision focused on sustainability, protection of natural resources, housing, agriculture, infrastructure, and the long-term livability of Hawai'i Island. It reflects years of public discussion and revision. There has been some suggestion by people opposed to GP 2045 that the council is rushing to enact it this term.The process has been anything but rushed. I'm not going into the details of the too-long process before the new General Plan got to the council, but it has been under the Council's review in its current form for over a year. There is nothing wrong with members of the council, who serve two-year terms and have eight-year term limits, trying to pass legislation before this term is over. The County Charter allows the Council to pass ordinances on many topics, but it requires the Council to enact only a handful of ordinances: a pay plan, a capital and operating budget, a code of ethics. And a General Plan. 1 General Plan 2045 is a good plan, ready to be enacted. More rounds of public hearings and reviews on it are more likely to result in stagnation that improvement.The amendments proposed by councilmembers (other than the "2026 Plan") and by some others would improve it, but they can be done through interim amendments after the plan has passed. The law requires many procedural steps to enact a General Plan. But the one absolutely indispensable step is that it must pass the County Council. Please take that final step and adopt General Plan 2045. 2 From: Nicholas Zehr Sent: Sunday, May 31, 2026 8:28 PM To: Council Testimony Subject: Opposition to Bill 66/ Hawai'i County General Plan 2045 Aloha Chair and Members of the Hawaii County Council, My name is Nick Zehr, and I respectfully submit testimony in opposition to Bill 66 and the proposed Hawaii County General Plan 2045. I appreciate several aspects of the plan.The recognition of Hawaii Island's housing affordability challenges, support for innovative housing types, and emphasis on infrastructure resilience are worthwhile goals. However, I believe the plan relies too heavily on centralized planning and regulatory control, creating significant concerns for property rights, economic freedom, housing affordability, and individual choice. First,the plan prioritizes government-directed growth through Urban Growth Areas. Policy 26.9 directs the Department of Water Supply to "prioritize infill development and focus source development to serve designated Urban Growth Areas,"while Policy 26.8 states that water system improvements should correlate with the County's "desired land use development pattern."These provisions give government • planners substantial influence over where growth can occur rather than allowing development to respond naturally to property owners, market demand, and community preferences. Second,the plan advances ambitious net-zero emissions goals that risk increasing costs for residents and businesses. Objective 7 seeks to reduce the County government's carbon footprint to net zero emissions by 2045, supports statewide efforts to achieve 100% renewable transportation and energy by 2045, and calls for development of carbon-emission standards and incentive programs. Policies 7.12, 7.14, and 7.15 contemplate direct government action to transform vehicle fleets and establish emissions programs.These policies may ultimately increase energy,transportation, and infrastructure costs while reducing consumer choice. Third,the plan expands regulatory frameworks under the banner of Collaborative Biocultural Stewardship and Natural Beauty Site protections.While conservation is important,these broad planning concepts create opportunities for future restrictions on otherwise lawful land use and economic activity. The plan identifies extensive categories of"Critical Environmental Areas" and promotes additional stewardship and conservation mechanisms that could significantly affect private property owners. Fourth,the implementation section contemplates new development fees and regulatory tools.Action 25.a specifically calls for the development and adoption of an Impact Fees Ordinance. Impact fees are ultimately passed on to homebuyers, renters, and businesses, increasing the cost of housing and economic development at a time when affordability remains one of Hawaii Island's greatest challenges. Fifth,Action 26.c proposes evaluating water fee schedules based on water use and aquifer recharge projections,while Action 26.h explores conservation easements and Transfer of Development Rights programs.These policies may further increase•costs and create additional restrictions on property 1 owners through planning mechanisms that shift development decisions away from owners and toward government agencies. Finally,the plan repeatedly emphasizes interagency coordination, monitoring systems, certification programs, sustainability standards, reporting requirements, and long-term administrative implementation structures.While each may appear modest individually,together they represent a substantial expansion of bureaucratic oversight that will require future funding, staffing, and,regulatory enforcement. Hawai`i Island can pursue environmental stewardship, housing affordability, resilience, and economic opportunity without expanding centralized control over land use, energy choices,transportation patterns, and private property. I urge the Council to reject Bill 66 and direct staff to develop a revised plan that places greater emphasis on property rights,voluntary conservation, market-driven housing solutions, and individual freedom. Mahalo for your consideration. Respectfully, Nick Zehr • 2