HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0867.000 1998-2000
cs`- William G. Davis
Stephen K. Yamashim - Managing Director
Mayor Henry Cho
Deputy Managing Director
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25 Aupuni Street, Room 215 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-42.52 • (808) 961-8211 • Fax (808) 961-6553
KONA: 75-5706 Kuakini Highway, Suite 103 • Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740
(808) 329-5226 • Fax(808)326-5663
July 21, 2000
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
County of Hawaii
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, HI 96720
Dear Chairman Arakaki and Members:
Change of Zone Ordinance No. 96-104 (REZ 633)
Applicant: Keauhou Sunset Corporation (formerly LURI Corporation)
Request: Amendment to Condition E (Start Construction)
Tax Map Key: 7-8-14:90
Change of Zone Application (REZ 00-004)
Applicant: K.R.S. Development, Inc.
Request: A-40a to A-5a
Tax Map Key: 6-2-1:91
Change of Zone Ordinance No. 99-79 (REZ 767)
Applicant: Big Island Country Club & Estates
Request: Amendment of Condition M and M(2) (Complete Construction)
Tax Map Key; 7-1-5•various
As required by Chapter 4, Sec. 5-4.3(C), Hawaii County Charter, transmitted herewith for the
County Council's consideration and action are the Planning Commission's letters and enclosures
regarding the above-referenced requests.
Sincerely,
k,,r Stephen . Yalshiro
Mayor
L070700MAY Comm. No.
Enclosures File No.
cc: Planning Department PG
8i ~ 1 ~ 93 Ref. To: t~
Ref, Date JUL 2 5 2000
?v or
Stephen K Yantashiro
Mayor
OF N~+
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PLANNING COMMISSION
25 Aupuni Street, Room 109 • Hilo, Hawaii %720.4252
(8118) %1-8288 • Fax (808) 961-9615
JUL 2 1 2000
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
County of Hawaii
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, HI 96720
Dear Chairman Arakaki and Members:
Change of Zone Application (REZ 00-004)
Applicant: K.R.S. Development, Inc.
Request: A-40a to A-5a
Tax Man Key: 6-2-1.91
The Planning Commission, after a duly held public hearing on July 7, 2000, voted to
recommend for your approval the proposed legislative bill to change the district classification
for approximately 27.09 acres of land from Agricultural (A-40a) to Agricultural (A-5a). The
property is located along the west side of the Kohala Mountain Road approximately 1,200 feet
north of its intersection with Kawaihae Road and north of the Lalamilo Houselots and
Subdivision, Lanikepu, South Kohala, Hawaii.
The Commission concurs with the following Planning Director's reasons for recommending
favorable consideration of the change of zone:
In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable
goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is
only through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and
decisions can be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth
determined by the General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of
these evaluations and decisions must be also considered as they may have an impact on
similar areas in the County.
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 2
The Change of Zone Application from Agricultural-40 acres (A-40a) to
Agricultural-5 acres (A-5a) zoned district will conform to the following goals, policies
and standards of the General Plan Land Use, Economic, and Agricultural Elements.
Land use is one of the principal focal points of public concern and policy. The Land
Use Element provides the primary basis for direct control and guidance of publicly and
privately owned resources. It is also intended to be used as a policy guide for the
coordinated growth and development of all sectors of the County. It sets forth goals,
policies, standards and courses of action to accommodate growth without congestion, to
designate and preserve the lands needed for residential use, commercial and visitor
services, industry, agriculture and open space, and to coordinate these uses with the
County's service and circulation systems. The overall Land Use, Economic, Land Use
goals, policies and standards are set forth to physically plan the lands in the County in
the best interest of the island's residents. The subject request in consistent with the
following goals, policies and standards:
LAND USE
• Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in
keeping with the social, cultural and physical environments of the County.
• Zone urban- and rural-type uses in areas with ease of access to community
services and employment centers and with adequate public utilities and
facilities.
• Promote and encourage the rehabilitation and use of urban and rural areas
which are serviced by basic community facilities and utilities.
• The county shall encourage the development and maintenance of communities
meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social
environment.
• Zoning requests shall be reviewed with respect to General Plan designation,
district goals, regional plans, State Land Use District, compatibility with
adjacent zone uses, availability of public services and utilities, access, and
public need.
ECONOMIC
• Economic development and improvement shall be in balance with the physical
and social environments of the island of Hawaii.
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 3
• The County of Hawaii shall strive for diversity and stability in its economic
system.
• The County shall provide an economic environment which allows new,
expanded, or improved economic opportunities that are compatible with the
County's natural and social environment.
HOUSING
• Attain safe, sanitary, and livable housing for the residents of the County of
Hawaii.
• Attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix throughout the different parts
of the County.
• Maintain a housing supply which allows a variety of choice.
• Develop better places to live in Hawaii County by creating viable communities
with decent housing and suitable living environments for our people.
• The cornerstone of the County's housing programs and activities shall continue
to be the encouragement and expansion of appropriate home ownership
opportunities for our residents.
• Rural-style residential-agricultural developments, such as new small-scale rural
communities or extensions of existing rural communities, shall be encouraged in
appropriate locations.
• The County shall review and amend if necessary land use ordinances and codes
to include considerations for rural-style residential subdivisions in appropriate
locations. Standards and criteria for the establishment of these areas shall be
developed.
The applicant is requesting a change of zone from Agricultural-40 acres to
Agricultural-5 acres to enable the creation of a five-lot agricultural subdivision using a
27.17-acre parcel of land located along the south side of Kohala Mountain Road,
approximately 1,200 feet west from the Kohala Mountain Road-Kawaihae Road
intersection.
determined to be outside the 500-year flood plain. A small portion of the site is in
Zone A, an area with no base flood elevation determined. The Lanikepu Stream,
located within Zone A, runs intermittently during periods of heavily localized storm
activity. Conditions of approval are included with this recommendation that require the
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 4
The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the
General Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the
coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of
the physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUPAG Map establishes
the basic urban and non-urban form for areas within the County. The subject property
is designated as Low Density Urban. This designation allows for developments that
are single family residential in character, including ancillary community and public
uses, and convenience type commercial uses. Therefore, it is determined that the
request is consistent with the Low Density development form depicted on the LUPAG
Map for this area of South Kohala.
The subject property is outside the limits of the Land Use Concept Map
contained in the Waimea Design Plan, which was adopted by the County Council as
Resolution No. 214-86 on October 1, 1986. However, this map depicts the property
located immediately south of the subject property for Low Density Residential uses.
Therefore, the subject request is not inconsistent with the community development plan
for this area.
Surrounding properties to the north and west of the subject property, which
include several large parcels owned by the Richard Smart Revocable Personal Trust
and the State of Hawaii, are zoned Agricultural (A-40a). These properties are vacant
and some are periodically used for pasturing of cattle. Farther to the west, along the
Kawaihae-Waimea Road, is the Kamuela View Estates Subdivision, which is zoned
Single-Family Residential (RS-15). To the east and south, across Lanikepu Stream, are
the Lalamilo House Lots and Subdivision, which are zoned Single-Family Residential
(RS-10). Further to the east is the Hawaii Preparatory Academy, which is also zoned
Single-Family Residential (RS-10).
The Parker Ranch 2020 Plan originally envisioned the area of the subject
property as an ideal location for a rural-residential expansion. In 1987, the Richard
Smart Personal Revocable Trust successfully petitioned the State Land Use
Commission for a boundary amendment from the Agricultural to the Urban District for
approximately 404 acres. In 1992, the Trust successfully petitioned the County for a
change of zone, which rezoned the subject property from Agricultural (A-40a) to
Single-Family Residential (RS-20). Subsequently, due to circumstances beyond the
Trust's control, plans for the rural-residential area were abandoned and, in 1996, the
property was rezoned to the original Agricultural (A-40a) designation. The subject
request is to rezone a small portion of the former Parker Ranch lands for an
agricultural subdivision. According to the applicant, restrictive covenants for the
proposed subdivision will prohibit ohana dwellings, thus preserving the low-density
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 5
nature of the project. Given the property's close proximity to existing single-family
residential developments, and the request's conformance with all established State and
County goals, policies and plans, a favorable recommendation of this change of zone
request will be consistent with the emerging land use pattern being established within
this portion of South Kohala.
The project site is comprised of soils classified by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's Soil Conservation Service as Waimea extremely stony very fine sandy
loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes (WSD) and Waimea very fine sandy loam, 6 to 12
percent slopes (WMC). Both soils are found at intermediate elevations on the leeward
side of Mauna Kea and the Kohala Mountains. In a representative profile, WMC soil
has a surface layer about 17 inches thick. This layer consists of dark-brown and very
dark brown very fine sandy loam and loam. The subsoil is dark-brown silt loam about
25 inches thick. It is underlain by weathering, hard basalt bedrock at a depth of about
42 inches. The surface layer is neutral; the subsoil is mildly alkaline. In places the
surface is extremely stony. Permeability is moderately rapid, runoff is slow, and the
erosion hazard is slight. This soil is used for pasture and irrigated truck crops. WSD
soil is similar to WMC soil, except that the slopes are moderately steep, and stones
cover 3 to 15 percent of the surface. Runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is
moderate. This soil is used for pasture. The Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land
Classification System classifies soils within the subject property as "C" (Fair) and "D"
(Poor) for agricultural productivity. The Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State
of Hawaii (ALISH) Map classifies a portion of the property as Other Important
Agricultural Land. Other Important Agricultural Land is defined as land other than
Prime or Unique Agricultural Land that is also of statewide or local importance for
agricultural use. The balance of the property is not classified as having any
agricultural importance. While the potential for intensive and/or extensive agricultural
uses may exist, the subject property has only been used periodically for cattle grazing
in the past and is not currently used for any agricultural activity. Furthermore, if the
subject request is approved, the applicant will create a five-lot agricultural subdivision
consisting of minimum five-acre lots, which can be used for small-scale agricultural
pursuits. Thus, the subject request and proposed use will not take any active
agricultural lands out of production nor diminish the agricultural potential of the
subject property.
The majority of the subject property is located within Zone X, an area
determined to be outside the 500-year flood plain. A small portion of the site is in
Zone A, an area with no base flood elevation determined. The Lanikepu Stream,
located within Zone A, runs intermittently during periods of heavily localized storm
activity. Conditions of approval are included with this recommendation that require the
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 6
applicant to prepare a drainage study and flood study meeting with the approval of the
Department of Public Works, Engineering Division, and to comply with Chapter 27 of
the Hawaii County Code relating to Flood Hazard Control.
A baseline survey of existing vegetation conducted in 1985 for 600 acres of
Parker Ranch lands, which includes the subject property, characterizes the area of the
subject property as heavily grazed, steep, rocky pasture. Exotic species in the area
include kikuyu grass, natal redtop, panini, lantana, filagree and wild peppergrass.
Native species observed include prickly poppy, 'aheahea, 'ilima, hi'aloha, blue-seeded
portulaca, and hardstemmed lovegrass. All are endemic species except for 'ilima and
hi'aloha, but none are considered rare or endangered. The report concludes that no
significant adverse environmental impacts relative to flora are anticipated as a result of
proposed development in the area. Biologist. Phillip Bruner conducted an avian and
feral mammal field survey of the same Parker Ranch lands in 1985. Exotic bird
species observed in the area of the subject property included the Eurasian Skylark,
Black Francolin and Northern Cardinal. The only resident native bird species observed
in the area was the Pueo while the only migratory bird species observed was the Pacific
Golden Plover. The only feral mammals observed on the property were mongoose;
evidence of feral pig activity and indirect evidence of rodents were also observed.
None of these species is considered endangered or threatened; however, the Pueo is
listed as a species of concern under the U.S. Endangered Species Act listing for the
Hawaiian Islands. Given the low density nature of the proposed development, it is not
likely that it will significantly impact the Pueo found in the project area.
In 1994, William Barrera, Jr. prepared an archaeological inventory survey for
approximately 250 acres located at Ouli and Lanikepu, which included the subject
property. The area is within the Waimea Field System, a large prehistoric complex of
residential and agricultural features. Barrera recorded one burial site, five temporary
habitation sites, eleven detached permanent habitation sites, four clustered permanent
habitation sites, ten agricultural sites, seven animal barrier sites, three freestanding
walls, and a trail. In April of this year, Bob Rechtman, Ph.D., conducted an
archaeological inventory survey of the subject property. A summary of his completed
fieldwork is included in the applicant's environmental report. Dr. Rechtman concluded
that twelve individual sites and a portion of a thirteenth are on the subject property.
Three of these previously recorded sites were reassessed during the fieldwork and are
considered to be natural features rather than cultural sites. Also, three sites previously
identified as having habitation functions are described instead as agricultural.
Rechtman also asserts that the site interpreted as a trail by Barrera is instead an auwai,
or irrigation channel, that functioned as part of an interconnected irrigation system.
Rechtman states that a subsurface excavation on the potential burial site confirmed the
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 7
presence of human remains, thus necessitating preservation. Rechtman also confirms
presence of a habitation site identified by Barrera, which can be either preserved, or
subject to data recovery. Rechtman recommends preservation of one of the three wall
sites, as it is on the property boundary and represents an ahupua'a boundary. In
review of the application, the Department of Land and Natural Resources-Historic
Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) recommends that a decision on the subject
application be deferred until their office has had an opportunity to review and approve
an archaeological inventory survey report and until the Hawaii Island Burial Council
has had an opportunity to review and approve a burial treatment plan. To address
DLNR-HPD concerns, conditions of approval for this approval recommendation will
require that prior to Final Subdivision Approval or prior to any approvals for any land
alteration permits, whichever occurs first, the applicant shall submit an approved Final
Archaeological Inventory Survey, Final Archaeological Data Recovery Plan and
Preservation Plan, a mitigation treatment plan for the burial site meeting with the
approval of the Hawaii Island Burial Council, and an interpretation/mitigation plan
including buffer zones, signage and long-range preservation.
Access to the property will be from the Kohala Mountain Road, near the eastern
end of the property. The Kohala Mountain Road is a State highway with a 60-feet
right-of-way and 20-feet pavement width. Posted speed limits in the area of the
proposed intersection are 25 mph to the east and 35 mph to the west, with a reduced
speed 25 mph sign located just to the west of the intersection. As confirmed by the
State Department of Transportation, the required sight distance for a posted speed limit
of 25 mph is 310 feet, and the required sight distance for a posted speed limit of 35
mph is 505 feet. The proposed intersection would exceed these standards, providing
sight distances of 420 feet to the east and 580 feet to the west. Interior roadways on
the property will be designed and constructed in accordance with Department of Public
Works requirements.
Water for the proposed subdivision development will be provided by an existing
eight-inch line located within the Kohala Mountain Road. According to the
Department of Health, the property is situated within the Critical Wastewater Disposal
Area, thereby requiring a minimum lot size of five acres for the use of a cesspool.
Solid waste will be taken to the County transfer station located one mile east of the
property and, during the construction phase, to the County's Puuanahulu landfill. All
other essential utilities and services are or will be made available to support the
proposed development.
Honorable James Y. Arakaki, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 8
Based on the above findings, approval of the Change of Zone request from
Agricultural-40 acres (A-40a) to Agricultural-5 acres (A-5a) zoned district would result
in an appropriate land use pattern that will further benefit the public.
For your favorable consideration, an amendment to Section 25-8-7 (North and South Kohala
Districts Zone Map), of the County Zoning Code is transmitted.
We are enclosing a copy of the staff background and additional correspondence for your
information.
Sincerely,
g~a
Richard B. Baker, Jr., Chairman
Planning Commission
Ursdevelopment02PC
Enclosures
cc: Mr. Gregory Mooers
KRS Development, Inc.
Department of Public Works
Department of Water Supply
West Hawaii Office
Department of Land & Natural Resources
Kazu Hayashida, Director/DOT-Highways, Honolulu
MRSDevOlplh-06/20/00
COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT
BACKGROUND REPORT
K.R.S. DEVELOPMENT, INC.
CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 00-0041
K.R.S. DEVELOPMENT, INC. has submitted an application for a Change of Zone
by changing the district classification from Agricultural (A-40a) to Agricultural (A-5a) for
approximately 27.09 acres of land. The property is located along the west side of the Kohala
Mountain Road approximately 1,200 feet north of its intersection with Kawaihae Road and
north of the Lalamilo Houselots and Subdivision, Lanikepu, South Kohala, Hawaii,
TMK: 6-2-1:91.
GENERAL INFORMATION
I . Land Ownership: K.R.S. Development, Inc., is the fee owner of the subject
property. The parcel was previously part of TMK: 6-2-1:9 and owned by the Richard
Smart Revocable Personal Trust, dba Parker Ranch.
RELEVANT BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2. April 20, 1987: The State Land Use Commission (SLUC) issued its Decision and
Order to a petition (LUC Docket No. A86-601) filed by Richard Smart Revocable
Personal Trust to amend the State Land Use District boundary from Agricultural to
Urban for approximately 404.34 acres for the proposed master planned development of
the Parker Ranch 2020 Plan, which included the subject parcel. It should be noted that
the Planning Department provided testimony in support of the boundary amendment.
(See Exhibit A - Excerpt from LUC Decision and Order)
3. June 15, 1992: Effective date of Ordinance No. 92-65, which rezoned lands in and
around the village of Waimea for the proposed master planned development of the
Parker Ranch 2020 Plan. Part of the Plan proposed an approximately 229-acre
Rural-Residential area located on the western edge of Waimea Town, just beyond the
Kawaihae Road/Kohala Mountain Road intersection, to be developed with
-1-
approximately 80 residential lots and 35 residential/agricultural lots. As part of this
area, the subject property was rezoned from Agricultural (A-40a) to Single-Family
Residential (RS-20). Shortly after the approval of Ordinance No. 92-65, Mr. Richard
Smart passed away and the majority of his assets, including the lands described in
Ordinance No. 92-65, were placed in the Parker Ranch Foundation Trust to benefit the
Waimea Community. In 1994, Parker Ranch began to revise its 2020 Plan in response
to community concerns and in light of the fiduciary responsibility of the Parker Ranch
Foundation Trustees. In 1996, Parker Ranch sought to amend Ordinance No. 92-65 to
consolidate the planned residential development to the Town Center area and delete the
proposed Rural-Residential area at the western edge of the town. This change to the
Parker Ranch 2020 Plan was intended to better utilize the existing and planned
infrastructure improvements and minimize potential impacts to area roads.
4. September 26, 1996: Effective date of Ordinance No. 96-117, which amended the
County Zoning Ordinance and Ordinance No. 92-65, in part, by rezoning the above-
described Rural-Residential area from Single-Family Residential (RS-15 and RS-20) to
the original Agricultural (A-40a) classification.
5. September 18, 1999: Date of letter from the Planning Director to William L. Moore,
Planning Consultant, confirming that TMK: 6-2-1:9, a 229.752-acre parcel of land,
consists of two separate legal lots of record. Specifically, 202.662 acres are a portion
of Land Commission Award 8518B, Apana 1, while the remaining 27.09 acres are a
portion of Grant 1283. Based on the determination, and the landowner's subsequent
request for a new TMK, the subject property is now identified as TMK: 6-2-1:91.
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
6. Request: The applicant is proposing to change the district classification from
Agricultural (A-40a) to Agricultural (A-5a) for approximately 27.09 acres of land.
7. Objectives: The following information was supplied by the applicant:
"A. The applicants are proposing to change the zone from A-40a to A-5a to allow
the subdivision of the property into five (5) agricultural lots in conformance
with the new zoning designation.
-2-
"B. The site is presently vacant and unused. It was previously used periodically for
the grazing of cattle.
"C. The existing 27.09 acre lot is a triangular shaped parcel located between Kohala
Mountain Road on its northern boundary, Lanikepu Stream and residential
development on its eastern and southern boundaries, and vacant pasture land
and Kamuela View Estates residential subdivision to the west. Hawaii
Preparatory Academy is located just east of the subject property.
"D. Kohala Mountain Road intersects with Kawaihae Road at Waiaka Bridge,
approximately one-quarter of a mile to the east.
"E. Access to the property is from Kohala Mountain Road near the eastern
boundary of the site. Sight distances have been measured and found to be
within the standards utilized by the State of Hawaii Department of
Transportation. The speed limit for this area is 35 mph.
"F. The interior roadways will be designed and constructed as required by the
Department of Public Works. Dry wells will be installed as required by the
Department of Public Works.
"G. Utilities will be provided to each of the proposed five lots from the area's
existing infrastructure.
"H. There will be restrictive covenants developed for the subdivision that will
prohibit ohana dwellings to preserve the rural-residential ambience of the area.
8. Supportive Information: The applicant has submitted the following in support of the
request: (See Exhibit B - Change of Zone Application)
STATE AND COUNTY PLANS
9. State Land Use Classification: Urban. As previously noted, the subject parcel was
part of a 404.34-acre area that was the subject of a State Land Use District Boundary
Amendment from the Agricultural to the Urban District in 1987. The boundary
amendment was approved on the basis of the initial Parker Ranch 2020 Plan. The
applicant has stated that it does not intend to reclassify the property to the Agricultural
District.
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10. Hawaii State Plan Consistency: Economy, Socio-Cultural Advancement (Housing)
objectives and policies.
11. General Plan Consistency: Economic, Housing, Land Use Residential Elements
goals, policies and courses of action for South Kohala.
12. General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map: The LUPAG
Map designates the area of the subject property as Low Density Urban Development.
This designation allows for developments that are single family residential in character,
including ancillary community and public uses, and convenience type commercial uses.
13. County Zoning: The property is currently zoned Agricultural (A-40a). As previously
noted, Ordinance No. 92-65 rezoned the subject property from Agricultural (A-40a) to
Single Family Residential (RS-20), and Ordinance No. 96-117 subsequently rezoned
the property from Single-Family Residential (RS-20) to the original Agricultural
(A-40a) designation.
14. Waimea Design Plan: The Waimea Design Plan was adopted by the County Council
as Resolution No. 214-86 on October 1, 1986. The subject property is outside the
limits of the Land Use Concept Map contained in the Waimea Design Plan. However,
this map depicts the property located immediately south of the subject property for Low
Density Residential uses.
15. Special Management Area: The property is not situated within the Special
Management Area.
DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECT PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA
16. Property: The subject property is a triangular-shaped 27.09-acre parcel located
between Kohala Mountain Road on its northern boundary, Lanikepu Stream and the
Lalamilo House Lots and Subdivision on its eastern and southern boundaries, and
vacant pasture land and the Kamuela View Estates Subdivision to the west. The parcel
is presently vacant and unused. According to the applicant, the parcel was used
periodically for the pasturing of cattle.
17. Surrounding Zoning/Land Uses: Surrounding properties to the north and west of the
subject property, which include several large parcels owned by the Richard Smart
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Revocable Personal Trust and the State of Hawaii, are zoned Agricultural (A-40a).
These properties are vacant and some are periodically used for pasturing of cattle.
Farther to the west, along the Kawaihae-Waimea Road, is the Kamuela View Estates
Subdivision, which is zoned Single-Family Residential (RS-15). To the east and south,
across Lanikepu Stream, are the Lalamilo House Lots and Subdivision, which are
zoned Single-Family Residential (RS-10). Further to the east is the Hawaii Preparatory
Academy, which is also zoned Single-Family Residential (RS-10).
18. Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) Map: The
ALISH Map classifies a portion of the property as Other Important Agricultural Land.
Other Important Agricultural Land is defined as land other than Prime or Unique
Agricultural Land that is also of statewide or local importance for agricultural use.
The balance of the property is not classified as having any agricultural importance.
19. Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System: Lands within the subject
property are classified as "C" and "D" or "Fair" and "Poor", respectively.
20. U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service Soil Survey: The U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation
Service Soil Survey classifies soils within the subject property as those of the Waimea
Series. The majority of the soil on the property is classified as Waimea extremely
stony very fine sandy loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes (WSD) while the balance is
classified as Waimea very fine sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes (WMC). Berth soils
are found at intermediate elevations on the leeward side of Mauna Kea and the Kohala
Mountains. In a representative profile, WMC soil has a surface layer about 17 inches
thick. This layer consists of dark-brown and very dark brown very fine sandy loam
and loam. The subsoil is dark-brown silt loam about 25 inches thick. It is underlain
by weathering, hard basalt bedrock at a depth of about 42 inches. The surface layer is
neutral; the subsoil is mildly alkaline. In places the surface is extremely stony.
Permeability is moderately rapid, runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is slight. This
soil is used for pasture and irrigated truck crops. WSD soil is similar to WMC soil,
except that the slopes are moderately steep, and stones cover 3 to 15 percent of the
surface. Runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate. This soil is used for
-5-
pasture.
21. Flood Insurance Rate Map: The majority of the subject property is located within
Zone X, an area determined to be outside the 500-year flood plain. A small portion of
the site is in Zone A, an area with no base flood elevation determined. The Lanikepu
Stream, located within Zone A, runs intermittently during periods of heavily localized
storm activity. The applicant has stated that any improvements on the property will
comply with Chapter 27 of the Hawaii County Code relating to Flood Hazard Control.
22. Flora/Fauna Resources: Included in the applicant's environmental report is a baseline
survey of existing vegetation conducted in 1985 for 600 acres of Parker Ranch lands by
Earthwatch, a consulting firm. The report characterizes the area of the subject
property as heavily grazed, steep, rocky pasture. Exotic species in the area include
kikuyu grass, natal redtop, panini, lantana, filagree and wild peppergrass. Native
species observed include prickly poppy, 'aheahea, 'ilima, hi'aloha, blue-seeded
portulaca, and hardstemmed lovegrass. All are endemic species except for 'ilima and
hi'aloha, but none are considered rare or endangered. The report concludes that no
significant adverse environmental impacts relative to flora are anticipated as a result of
proposed development in the area. Biologist Phillip Bruner conducted an avian and
feral mammal field survey of the same Parker Ranch lands in 1985. Exotic bird
species observed in the area of the subject property included the Eurasian Skylark,
Black Francolin and Northern Cardinal. The only resident native bird species observed
in the area was the Pueo while the only migratory bird species observed was the Pacific
Golden Plover. The only feral mammals observed on the property were mongoose;
evidence of feral pig activity and indirect evidence of rodents were also observed.
23. Archaeological Resources: In 1994, William Barrera, Jr. prepared an archeological
inventory survey for approximately 250 acres located at Ouli and Lanikepu, which
includes the subject property. The area is within the Waimea Field System, a large
prehistoric complex of residential and agricultural features. Barrera recorded one
burial site, five temporary habitation sites, eleven detached permanent habitation sites,
four clustered permanent habitation sites, ten agricultural sites, seven animal barrier
-6-
sites, three freestanding walls, and a trail. In April of this year, Bob Rechtman,
Ph.D., conducted an archaeological inventory survey of the subject property. A
summary of his completed fieldwork is included in the applicant's environmental
report. Dr. Rechtman concluded that twelve individual sites and a portion of a
thirteenth are on the subject property. Three of these previously recorded sites were
reassessed during the fieldwork and are considered to be natural features rather than
cultural sites. Also, three sites previously identified as having habitation functions are
described instead as agricultural. Rechtman also asserts that the site interpreted as a
trail by Barrera is instead an auwai, or irrigation channel, that functioned as part of an
interconnected irrigation system. Rechtman states that a subsurface excavation on the
potential burial site confirmed the presence of human remains, thus necessitating
preservation. Rechtman also confirms presence of a habitation site identified by
Barrera, which can be either preserved, or subject to data recovery. Rechtman
recommends preservation of one of the three wall sites, as it is on the property
boundary and represents an ahupua'a boundary.
PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES
24. Access: The applicant proposes to access the property from the Kohala Mountain
Road, near the eastern end of the property. The Kohala Mountain Road is a State
highway with a 60-feet right-of-way and 20-feet pavement width. Posted speed limits
in the area of the proposed intersection are 2.5 mph to the east and 35 mph to the west,
with a reduced speed 25 mph sign located just to the west of the intersection. The
Hawaii Department of Transportation requires 310 feet of sight distance for roads with
a posted speed limit of 25 mph and 505 feet of sight distance for roads with a posted
speed limit of 35 mph. The proposed intersection would exceed these standards,
providing sight distances of 420 feet to the east and 580 feet to the west. Initial
comments from the Highways Division of the State Department of Transportation
indicate that the existing driveway must be reconstructed to present standards. This
includes reconstructing the pavement, widening the driveway to a minimum width of
22 feet, providing minimum turning radii of 25 feet, striping and signing. The
-7-
proposed 5-lot subdivision will not require street lights. Further comments provided
by DOT indicate that the five lots must use the common access driveway and that no
vehicle access will be allowed other than at the common access point. A 10-foot
planting screen easement will also be required along the Kohala Mountain Road. The
applicant has stated that interior roadways on the property will be designed and
constructed in accordance with Department of Public Works requirements.
25. Water: The Department of Water Supply has affirmed that water is available from an
eight-inch waterline in the Kohala Mountain Road and that the subject property is
within established pressure limits.
26. Wastewater: There is no municipal sewer system in the area. According to the
Department of Health, the property is situated within a Critical Wastewater Disposal
Area, thus requiring a minimum lot size of five acres for the use of a cesspool.
27. Solid Waste: The applicant states that solid waste will be taken to the County of
Hawaii transfer station located one mile east of the subject property. Construction
waste generated during the construction of the subdivision improvements or subsequent
dwellings will be taken to the County landfill at Puuanahulu by individual contractors.
Green waste will be disposed of on-site.
28. Police, Fire and Emergency Services: Police, fire and emergency services are
available from the Waimea Police and Fire Stations, both of which are located
approximately three miles from the subject property.
29. Schools: Waimea Elementary and Intermediate Schools are located approximately two
miles from the subject property while the Hawaii Preparatory Academy is located
immediately east of the subject property.
30. Recreational Resources: The Waimea Park and Anuenue Playground are located two
miles east of the subject property.
31. Utilities: Electrical and telephone services are or will be made available to the
property.
-8-
AGENCIES' COMMENTS
32. Police Department (May 9, 2000 Memo):
"Staff has reviewed the above-referenced proposal and found no adverse effects to
public safety or traffic impact created by the proposed location. "
33. Department of Public Works: (See Exhibit C - June 1, 2000 Memo)
34. Department of Water Supply: (See Exhibit D - June 2, 2000 Memo and
Applicant's Response - June 5, 2000 and June 15, 2000 Letters)
35. Fire Department: (See Exhibit E - May 23, 2000 Memo)
36. Department of Land and Natural Resources-Historic Preservation Division:
(See Exhibit F - June 1, 2000 Letter)
37. Department of Health: (See Exhibit G - May 10, 2000 Memo and Applicant's
Response - June 7, 2000 Letter)
38. State Department of Transportation-Hawaii District: (See Exhibit H - June 10,
2000 Memo)
39. State Land Use Commission: (See Exhibit I - May 25, 2000, Letter)
40. Applicant's Responses to agencies: (See Exhibit J - June 7, 2000 and June 14,
2000, Letters)
AGENCIES - NO RESPONSE
41. Real Property Tax Office
PUBLIC COMMENT
42. The Department has not received any written comments or objections from the general
public or adjacent landowners on the subject application.
-9-
BEFORE THE LAND USE COMMISSION
OF THE STATE OF HAWAII
In the Matter of the Petition of ) DOCKET NO. A86-601
RICHARD SMART REVOCABLE PERSONAL ) RICHARD SMART REVOCABLE
TRUST ) PERSONAL TRUST
To Amend the Agricultural Land Use ) We k b Is atrn c,wmt
District boundary into the Urban ) py of ;R1WOvioFonIL%IpOwa
Land Use District for Approximately ) 0*m& 1e L& ftCctm1sxtw,tIMIu9cdF
404.34 Acres, at Waimea, South > APR 20 1987 /
Kohala, Island and County of Hawaii,) - -~y ` O.D~?'
Tax Map Key Nos.: 6-7-02: 9,
portion of 17, 38; 6-7-01: portion )
of 25; 6-8-01: portion of 1 and 8; )
6-2-01: portion of 9 )
-b
FINDINGS OF FACT,
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW,
AND DECISION AND ORDER
EXHIBIT
BEFORE THE LAND USE COMMISSION
OF THE STATE OF HAWAII
In the Matter of the Petition of ) DOCKET NO. A86-601
RICHARD SMART REVOCABLE PERSONAL ) RICHARD SMART REVOCABLE
TRUST ) PERSONAL TRUST
To Amend the Agricultural Land Use )
District boundary into the Urban )
Land Use District for Approximately )
404.34 Acres, at Waimea, South )
Kohala, Island and County of Hawaii,)
Tax Map Key Nos.: 6-7-02: 9, )
portion of 17, 38; 6-7-01: portion )
of 25; 6-8-01: portion of 1 and 8; )
6-2-01: portion of 9 )
FINDINGS OF FACT,
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW,
AND DECISION AND ORDER
Richard Smart Revocable Personal Trust, an
unregistered trust, recorded at the Bureau of Conveyances of
the State of Hawaii on January 3, 1979, in Liber 13394 at Page
755 and also filed with the Assistant Registrar of the State of
Hawaii as Document No. 917062 (hereinafter referred to as
"Petitioner"), filed this Petition on April 15, 1986, pursuant
to Chapter 205 Hawaii Revised Statutes, and the Rules of
Practice and Procedure of the Land Use Commission, to amend the
Land Use District Boundary for approximately 404.34 acres of
land situate at Waimea, District of South Kohala, County and
Island of Hawaii, Hawaii Tax Map Key Nos. 6-7-02: 9, portion
the evidence that the reclassification of the Property, which
is the subject of the Petition, Docket No. A86-601, by the
Richard Smart Revocable Personal Trust, consisting of
approximately 404.34 acres of land from the Agricultural
District to the Urban District at Waimea, District of South
Kohala, County and Island of Hawaii, and identified as Hawaii
Tax Map Key Nos. 6-7-02: 9, portion of 17, 38; 6-7-01:
portion of 25; 6-8-01: portion of 1, portion of 8; and
6-2-02: portion of 9, subject to the conditions stated in the
order, conforms to the standards established in the State Land
Use District Regulations, is reasonable and non-violative of
Section 205-2, Hawaii Revised Statutes, and the Hawaii state
Plan, as set forth in Chapter 226, Hawaii Revised Statutes.
ORDER
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: the Property, being the
subject of the Petition in Docket No. A86-601 filed by the
Richard Smart Revocable Personal 1-rust, consisting of
approximately 404.34 acres, situate at Waimea, District of
South Kohala, County and State of Hawaii, and identified as
Hawaii Tax Map Key Nos. 6-7-02: 5>, portion of 17, 38; 6-7-01:
portion of 25; 6-8-01: portion of 1, portion of 8; and
6-2-01: portion of 9, and approximately identified on Exhibit
A attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein, shall
be and the same is hereby reclassified from the Agricultural
District to the Urban District and the State Land Use District
-33 -
Boundaries are amended accordingly subject to the following
conditions:
1. Petitioner shall provide housing opportunities for
low and moderate income Hawaii residents by constructing and
offering for sale or rent, on a preferential basis on its own
or in cooperation with either, or both the Hawaii Housing
Authority and the County of Hawaii, within or without the
Property, a number of residential units not less than ten
percent (10%) of the total number of residential units, or lots
and units, to be developed on the Property, to residents of
Hawaii of low and moderate income as determined by the Hawaii
Housing Authority or County of Hawaii from time to time, or by
contributing to the development of such housing without the
Property. The low and moderate preferential residential units,
if offered for sale, shall be offered at prices that would
enable such purchasers to qualify for and obtain State-assisted
financing or Federally-insured or assisted financing intended
to encourage home ownership by low and moderate income families.
2. Petitioner shall provide water pipeline easements
on the Property as may be necessary for the State's Waimea
Irrigation System and agricultural park developments as
required by State and County agencies.
3. Petitioner shall, in coordination with the State
Department of Land and Natural Resources and the County of
Hawaii Department of Water Supply, develop necessary water
source and transmission infrastructure to provide an adequate
-34 -
supply of potable water to the Property, prior to development
of the Property.
4. Petitioner shall fund and construct sewage
infrastructure improvements necessary for development of the
Property as may be required by State Department of Health and
County agencies.
5. Petitioner shall be responsible for the design and
construction of highway improvements as may be required by the
State Department of Transportation and the County of Hawaii,
provided that said highway improvements are rationally related
to the mitigation of impacts caused by the development of the
Property.
6. Petitioner shall prepare and execute an
archaeological preservation and data recovery plan for review
and approval by the Department of Land and Natural Resources
and the County of Hawaii Planning Department.
7. Petitioner shall prepare a noise impact assessment
study of aircraft operations at the Waimea-Kohala Airport
relative to the Petitioner's proposed Parker Ranch 2020 Plan to
be submitted to the State Department of Transportation and
County Planning Department for their review and comment.
8. The Commission may fully or partially release
these conditions as to all or any portion of the Property upon
timely motion, and upon the provision of adequate assurance of
satisfaction of these conditions by the Petitioner.
-35 -
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MOOERS ENTERPRISES
P.O. BOX 1 101
KAMUELA, HAWAII 96743
i OP CX3C=3=E3==K3=C=
APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE
AGRICULTURAL 40-ACRE TO
AGRICULTURAL 5-ACRE
Tax Map Key: (3) 6-2-01:91
Ohia Ku, Lanikepu, South Kohala, Hawaii
Applicant: K.R.S. Development
Prepared by:
Mooers Enterprises 6XH IB I T
April 20, 2000
PHONE: (808) 885-6839
FAx: (808) 885-1574
EMAIL: GMOOERSOIBM.NE'i
CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION
COUNTY OF HAWAII
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
(Type or legibly print the requested information)
APPLICANT: K.R.S. Develonment,L -
APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: 0~'-ES • DATE: 4/20/00
ADDRESS: 1043 Makawao Ave. #208
Makawao, Hawaii 96768
LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER:-Owner
LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Kent R. Smith
PHONE:(Bus.) 572.-3011 (Res.) (Fax) 572-8378
LANDOWNER(S): K.R.S. Development
LANDOWNER SIGNATURE( . izes DATE: 4/20/00
(May be by Letter
LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: 1043 Makawao Ave. k208, Makawao, Hawaii 96768
REQUEST: Agricultural 40-acres (A-40a) To Agricultural 5-acres (A-5a)
(Existzoni(Proposed Zoning)
TAX MAP KEY: (3) 6!1-01M
STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: Kohala Mountain Road
SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S) TO BE REZONED: 27.01 a r s
Mooers Enterprises - Gregory R. Mooers
AGENT:
P.O. Box 1101
ADDRESS:
Kamuela, Hawaii 96743
TELEPHONE: (Bus.) 885-6839 (Res.) 885-7126 (Fax) sgS 157,
Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent.
ORIGINAL: Mooers Enterori ses COPIES:
(See Instructions on Reverse Side)
:ATTACH.*1ENT
agricultural Rezoning
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
COUNTY OF HAWAII
APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE
1. If your request is approved, do you intend to subdivide the subject
land in accordance with the approved change of zone? Yes
If yes, please answer the rest of question 1 and then to question 3.
a. How many acres of the requested area do you intend to subdivide? 27.01
b. Into what lot sizes? 5+ acres
c. If your request is approved, approximately how long after the
date of approval do you expect to submit your subdivision plans
to the Planning Department for preliminary approval? immediately
d. Do you intend to build houses on the newly created lots? No
If yes, please answer the following questions:
On how many of those lots?
At what approximate price range? House
Lot
Total
Approximately how long, after approval of the subdivision,
would the first house be available for occupancy?
If you intend to subdivide, please submit a preliminary schematic
subdivision plan together with your change of zone application
form. enclosed
2. If you have no firm plans of subdividing the subject area, do you
intend to:
a. Sell or lease the land to someone who has firm plans?
b. Sell or lease the land to someone who has tentative plans?
C. Sell or lease the land to someone who has no plans?
d. Keep it?
e. Other (please state)
f. If you intend to do either a, b, c, please elaborate on the kind
of plans the other party has. Please, also, include in your
answer approximately how soon after approval of your rezoning do
you expect to transfer the subject land to another party.
3. Do you think that your request and your further plans for the land
will alleviate the local housing situation? Yes
How?
The proposed subdivision will provide five agricultural rural-residential
lots in this highly desirable area of Waimea. There is presently a shortage
of these type of lots in this area of South Kohala.
4. Are there any buildings on the subject area? No
If so, what kind?
What do you intend to do with those buildings if your request is
approved?
5. Is the subject land currently being used for any agricultural activity? No
If so, please list the kinds of products grown and on how many
square feet or acres of land per product.
6. Was your request to allow for the creation of smaller agricultural
lots? No
If so, did your plan include the following considerations?
a. Commodity to be produced?
What kinds of commodity?
b. Suitablility of the proposed lot-size for that commodity?
C. Sufficient farm size to allow reasonable chance of success in
commercial agriculture?
-2-
d. Agricultural leases or other forms of assurance that potential
buyers or leases would put the subject area into some form of
agricultural use?
Please state the proposed type of arrangement.
Please submit your agricultural plans for the subject area and
present evidence of consideration of the above requirements together
with your request for a change of zone.
If you do not intend to subdivide the subject land for some sort of
agricultural purpose, please state your other reasons.
7. To your knowledge, has there been any flooding and/or drainage problem
on the subject area? No
If so, please describe the problem.
8. Dc you think that the roads leading to the subject area needs
improvements? N~
If so, what kind?
Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume or load? Yes
9. What sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements do you feel will
be needed in the subject area when developed?
Yes No
a. Schools %
b. Roads %
c. Sewer %
d. Drainage %
-3-
Yes No
e. Police Protection %
f. Fire Protection x
g. Recreational Facilities %
h. Public Utilities %
J. Other
For those checked "yes," please elaborate what type or kinds of improvements
and/or assistance are needed.
Signature:
Address: 1043 Makawao Ave. #208, Makawao, Hawaii 96768
Telephone: 572-:3011
Date: 4/20/00
-4-
BACKGROUND AND COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL
REPORT
CHANGE OF ZONE:
AGRICULTURAL 40-ACRE TO AGRICULTURAL 5-
ACRE
Tax Map Key: (3) 6-2-01:91
Ohia Ku, Lanikepu, South Kohala, Hawaii
Applicant: K.R.S. Development
The applicant, K.R.S. Development, is seeking a Change of Zone from Agricultural 40-
acre (A-40a) Agricultural 5-acre (A-5a) for a 27.09 acre parcel located at Ohia Ku,
Lanikepu, South Kohala, Hawaii, Tax Map Key (3) 6-2-01:91.
This request is made to allow the subsequent subdivision of the property into five A-5a
lots based on the new zoning. These lots will be used for small-scale agricultural pursuits
and provide a rural-residential environment for the proposed lot owners in this ranch
community of Waimea, South Kohala.
GENERAL INFORMATION:
This parcel has been the subject of two previous change of zone petitions by Richard
Smart Revocable Trust, dba Parker Ranch. Initially, in 1988, the property was re-zoned
from Agricultural 40-acre (A-40a) to Residential 20,000 s.f. (RS-20) as part of Parker
Ranch's 2020 Plan, which master planned Ranch lands in and around Waimea.
Subsequently the Ranch abandoned plans to do residential development in this area and
the land was zoned back to Agricultural 40-acres (A-40a) in 1996.
1
SUBJECT REQUEST/PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT:
A. The applicants are proposing to change the zone from A-40a to A-5a to allow the
subdivision of the property into five (5) agricultural lots in conformance with the new
zoning designation. See Exhibit "I" for the proposed site plan.
B. The site is presently vacant and unused. It was previously used periodically for the
grazing of cattle.
C. The existing 27.09 acre lot is a triangular shaped parcel located between Kohala
Mountain Road on its northern boundary, Lanikepu Stream and residential
development on its eastern and southern boundaries, and vacant pasture land and
Kamuela View Estates residential subdivision to the west. Hawaii Preparatory
Academy is located just east of the subject property.
D. Kohala Mountain Road intersects with Kawaihae Road at Waiaka Bridge,
approximately one-quarter of a mile to the east.
E. Access to the property is from Kohala Mountain Road near the eastern boundary of
the site. Sight distances have been measured and found to be within the standards
utilized by the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation. The speed limit for this
area is 35 mph. Please see Exhibits "A" and "G".
F. The interior roadways will be designed and constructed as required by the Department
of Public Works. Dry wells will be installed as required by the Department of Public
Works.
G. Utilities will be provided to each of the proposed five lots from the area's existing
infrastructure.
H. There will be restrictive covenants developed for the subdivision that will prohibit
ohana dwellings to preserve the rural-residential ambience of the area.
2
CONFORMANCE WITH STATE AND COUNTY PLANS:
A. State Land Use Designation:
The State Land Use District Classification of the subject parcel is Urban, it was re-
districted from the Agricultural District in 1987 as part of the initial Parker Ranch
proposal. It was not re-districted in 19915 and remains within the State Urban
District. The proposed use of the subject property is consistent with the Urban
designation.
B. Applicable Goals/Policies and Objectives of the General Plan:
A. ECONOMIC
GOALS
• Provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life.
• Economic development and improvement shall be in balance with the physical
and social environments of the island of Hawaii.
• The County of Hawaii shall strive for diversity and stability in its economic
system.
• The County shall provide an economic environment which allows new,
expanded, or improved economic opportunities that are compatible with the
County's natural and social environment.
M. LAND USE
Through the careful analysis and examination of past and present situations, the
following goals, policies, and standards are set forth to physically plan the lands in
the County in the best interest of the island's residents.
GOALS
• Designate and allocate land uses in appropriate proportions and mix and in
keeping with the social, cultural, and physical environments of the County.
3
POLICIES
• Zone urban- and rural- types of uses in areas with ease of access to community
services and employment centers and with adequate public utilities and
facilities.
• Promote and encourage the rehabilitation and use of urban and rural areas
which are serviced by basic community facilities and utilities.
• Allocate appropriate requested zoning in accordance with the existing or
projected needs of neighborhood, community, region and County.
• The county shall encourage the development and maintenance of communities
meeting the needs of its residents in balance with the physical and social
environment.
• The County shall develop, in cooperation with community residents,
community development or regional plans for all of the districts or
combinations of districts and shall periodically review and amend these
documents as necessary or as mandated.
STANDARDS
• Zoning requests shall be reviewed with respect to General Plan designation,
district goals, regional plans, State Land Use District, compatibility with
adjacent zoned uses, availability of public services and utilities, access, and
public need.
• Zoning may be recommended on an incremental basis depending upon
construction schedule, development of supporting services and facilities, and
other pertinent factors bearing upon the performance of the petitioner.
H. HOUSING
GOALS
• Attain safe, sanitary, and livable housing for the residents of the County
of Hawaii.
4
• Attain a diversity of socio-economic housing mix throughout the
different parts of the County.
• Maintain a housing supply which allows a variety of choice.
Develop better places to live in Hawaii County by creating viable
communities with decent housing and suitable living environments for
our people.
• The cornerstone of the County's housing programs and activities shall
continue to be the encouragement and expansion of appropriate home
ownership opportunities for our residents.
• Rural-style residential-agricultural developments, such as new small
scale rural communities or extensions of existing rural communities,
shall be encouraged in appropriate locations.
• The County shall review and amend if necessary land use ordinances
and codes to include considerations for rural-style residential
subdivisions in appropriate locations. Standards and criteria for the
establishment of these areas shall be developed.
C. General Plan Designation:
The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the General
Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the
coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction
of the physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUPAG Map
establishes the basic urban and non-urban form for areas within the County. The
subject property is designated as "Low Density Urban". This designation is
described as single-family residential in character, ancillary community and public
uses, and convenience type commercial uses. The application to create a low-
density rural-residential project are consistent with the urban form depicted on the
LUPAG Map for this area of South Kohala.
5
D. County Zoning Code:
The original zoning for this parcel was Agricultural 40-acres (A-40a). It was the
subject of a change of zone petition in 1988 as part of the Parker Ranch 2020 Plan
that changed the zoning to Residential 20,000 s.f. (RS-20). This zoning was
subsequently changed back to Agricultural 40-acres, when the Ranch abandoned
their plans for rural-residential development in this area.
E. Waimea Design Plan:
The subject property is outside the limits of the Land Use Concept Map for this
plan. The property immediately to the south of the subject property is identified as
Low Density Urban.
F. Special Management Area:
The subject property is not located within the County's Special Management Area.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING:
Physical Characteristics/Environmental Setting.
A. The subject property is a 27.09 acre triangular shaped parcel located between Kohala
Mountain Road and Lanikepu Stream at Ohia Ku, Lanikepu, South Kohala, Hawaii,
TMK: (3) 6-2-01:91.
B. The mean annual rainfall for the area is 40.28 inches according to An Inventory of
Basic Water Resources Data: Island of Hawaii, published by the Department of Land
and Natural Resources.
C. The site slopes from the 2,520 feet elevation at its northern boundary on Kohala
Mountain Road down to 2,400 feet elevation at the southern boundary on Lanikepu
Stream at a grade between 6 and 20%.
E. The site is presently vacant and unused. It was previously used periodically for
pasturing cattle.
6
F. The U. S. Geological Survey has categorized the island into nine zones of
comparative hazard rates from lava flows, with Zone 1 being the highest and Zone 9,
the lowest severity of hazard. The U. S. Geological Survey designates the subject
property as Lava Hazard Zone 8; none of this area has been covered by lava in the last
750 years and only a few percent of this area has been covered in the past 10,000
years. This area covers the plains between the Kohala Mountains to the north and
Mauna Kea to the south.
G. The subject parcel is located approximately seven miles east of the nearest ocean
point, Kawaihae.
H. The State Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State
of Hawaii (ALISH) map has classified a portion of the site as "other important
agricultural lands" and the balance of the parcel is not classified.
1. The U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Services Soil Survey Report classifies
the soil type as Waimea extremely stony very fine sandy loam (WSD) 12 to 20 percent
slopes. This soil is at intermediate levels on the leeward side of Mauna Kea and the
Kohala Mountains. A representative profile has a surface layer about 17 inches thick.
This layer consists of dark-brown and very dark-brown very fine sandy loam and loam.
The subsoil is dark-brown silt loam about 25 inches thick. It is underlain by
weathering, hard basalt bedrock at a depth of about 42 inches. The surface layer is
neutral; the subsoil is mildly alkaline. In places the surface is extremely stony. This
soil is similar to Waimea very fine sandy loam (WSD) 6 to 12 percent slopes, except
that the slopes are moderately steep, and stones cover 3 to 15 percent of the surface.
The runoff is medium and the erosion hazard is moderate. This soil is used for
pasture.
J. In November 1965, the University of Hawaii Land Study Bureau published a study
that classified the value of all lands on this island for various agricultural activities.
The study first identified soil types within specific areas island wide. These areas were
then further evaluated, taking into account environmental and physiographic factors
such as precipitation, irrigation, availability, slope, stoniness, etc. and assigned a
master productivity rating. This rating provides an overall assessment of a given
7
area's potential to produce a number of agricultural commodities. The subject
property was classified as D-249 - "Poor". The 249 Waimea soil series is
characterized as follows: Depth-moderately deep; texture-medium; color-dark brown;
parent material-volcanic ash; stoniness-rocky, drainage-well drained, slope-0 to 30%
undulating, climate-cool and subhumid; mean annual rainfall-25 to 45 seasonal;
elevation- 2000 to 4000; machine tillability-unsuited.
K. According to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) prepared by the U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers, the property is in Zone "X", an area outside the 500-year flood
plain; and a small portion of the site, including the Lanikepu Stream is in Zone "A", an
area with no base flood elevation determined.
L. There is an existing drainageway on the southern boundary of the subject property,
Lanikepu Stream. This stream runs intermittently during periods of heavily localized
storm activity. While there are no indications of surface water flow on-site, the
applicant will abide by all applicable County guidelines for run-off generated by the
development. Any improvements must comply with Chapter 27 of the County Code
relating to Flood Hazard Control.
Historic Resources:
An archaeological inventory survey has been conducted on the property by Bill Barerra for
Parker Ranch and very recently by Bob Rechtman for the present owner. A copy of
Barerra's report and Rechtman's Post-Fieldwork Summary are enclosed as Exhibit "B".
The applicants will comply with all requirements of the Department of Land and Natural
Resources, Historic Preservation Division.
Natural Resources:
A baseline survey of existing vegetation was conducted for Parker Ranch by Earthwatch,
environmental resource investigators. The results of the survey are consistent with the
long-time use of the area as pasture land. The predominant species is kikuyu grass,
introduced to Parker Ranch in 1935. The subject property is characterized by open scrub
grassland. The steep rocky pasture appeared heavily grazed throughout. Native species
8
observed were the endemic prickly poppy (Argemone glauca), `ahehea (Chenopodium
oahuense), blue-seeded portulaca and hard stemmed lovegrass; and the indigenous `ilima
and hi'aloha. Earthwatch anticipates no adverse environmental impacts relative to flora as
a result of the proposed development. A copy of that report is enclosed as Exhibit "C".
Biologist Philip Bruner conducted an avian and feral mammal survey of the project area
for Parker Ranch. Given the limited diversity of habitats, a somewhat wide variety of bird
species was observed. No endangered species were found. A copy of that report is
enclosed as Exhibit "D".
Social-Economic Characteristics:
Social settlement pattern for the area: Waimea, along with the rest of South Kohala, has
undergone significant change over the past two decades as resort development along the
South Kohala coastline has grown and the base facilities for astronomy research have been
developed in town. This area has been a ranching community for many years, the home of
Parker Ranch and many smaller cattle operations. Farmers have settled in the area to grow
truck crops for the Big Island and the rest of the state. There are retirees from Oahu and
the mainland that are attracted to the rural lifestyle and weather patterns of Waimea as
well. With the growth of Hawaii as a visitor destination, workers from the South Kohala
resorts are finding Waimea a suitable bedroom community. The Hawaii Preparatory
Academy has attracted many families with their national reputation as a high-quality
college preparatory school.
Economic resources of the area: This ranching community is the home of numerous
ranching and farming activities. Many residents are actively engaged in commercial
agricultural activities. More recently residents have found employment at the resorts on
the South Kohala coastline. In 1996 the North Hawaii Community Hospital was opened
and this has provided a number of employment opportunities in the health care and related
fields. Hawaii Preparatory Academy and Parker School are valued resources for the area.
Waimea is also the host town for the headquarters of the Keck and CFH telescopes atop
Mauna Kea.
9
Land Values: According to knowledgeable Realtors in this area, similar agricultural 5-
acre lots in this immediate area sell for $300,001) to $350,000.
Surrounding Lands:
Land UselZoning:
The property to the north and west of the subject property are vacant and periodically
used for pasturing cattle. This property is zoned A-40a. To the south across, Lanikepu
Stream, are residential subdivisions. These subdivisions are zoned RS-10. The property
to the east is the Hawaii Preparatory Academy, a private college-preparatory school,
zoned RS-10 by the County.
PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
A. The proposed access point to the subject property is from Kohala Mountain Road, a
State controlled highway, near the eastern end of the property. The site distance has
been measured and meets with the standards utilized by the State Department of
Transportation. Please see Exhibit "G".
B. The interior roadways will be designed and constructed as required by the Department
of Public Works. Dry wells will be installed as required by the Department of Public
Works.
C. Utilities will be provided to each of the proposed five lots from the area's existing
infrastructure. See Exhibit "F".
D. The County of Hawaii Department of Water Supply has indicated that water units are
available for this property and their system has adequate pressure to service the entire
parcel. Please see Exhibit "E".
E. As there is no municipal sewer system in thus area, sewage will be disposed of via
individual wastewater treatment systems approved by the State Department of Health.
10
F. Solid waste will be taken to the County of Hawaii transfer station located one mile
east of the subject property. Any construction waste generated during the
construction of the subdivision improvements or the subsequent dwellings, will be
taken to the County landfill at Puuanahulu by the contractors. All green waste will be
disposed of on-site.
G. The nearest police station is located in Waimea, approximately three miles east of the
project site.
H. The nearest fire station is also located in Waimea, approximately three miles east of
the project site.
1. The nearest public schools are the Waimea Elementary and Intermediate Schools,
located approximately two miles from the subject property. The nearest private school
is Hawaii Preparatory Academy located immediately east of the subject parcel.
J. The nearest County park is the Waimea Park and Anuenue Playground located two
miles east of the site.
11
ENVERONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS
A. Relationship between local short term uses of environment and maintenance and
enhancement of long term productivity: In terms of the relationship between short-
term use of man's environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term
productivity, no short-term exploitation of resources that would entail negative long-
term consequences has been identified for the proposed action.
B. Mitigative measures proposed to avoid, minimize, rectify or reduce impact. All
construction on the site will comply with all governmental regulatory controls to
mitigate noise and dust during the construction period. All structures and
infrastructure improvements constructed will comply with all federal, state and county
requirements. All important cultural, historical and natural resources will be treated in
accordance with agency requirements.
C. Alternatives to the proposed development: One alternative to the proposed action
would be to leave the entire parcel vacant and undeveloped. This would not allow the
development of five lots for agricultural and rural-residential purposes in this highly
desirable area of South Kohala. It would also not increase the real property tax base
as the proposed action would.
D. Irreversible and irretrievable commitments of natural resources that would be
involved if proposed action is implemented.
The construction of five agricultural rural- residential units would involve the irreversible
and irretrievable commitment of negligible quantities of natural resources. The conditions
applied to this request would help insure the protection of the natural and cultural
resources on the property. There are presently no such conditions placed on the property.
Given the conformance with all established State and County goals, policies and plans;
the physical characteristics of the site and surrounding area; the present zoning and
uses of the surrounding area; the minimal impact on public facilities and services; the
minimal impact on the environment; the applicant requests a favorable consideration
of this change of zone application.
12
LIST OF EXHIBITS
A. Intersection Sight Distances
B. Archaeology Reports
Robert Rechtman and William Barrera
C. Survey of Flora
Earthwatch, Environmental Investigators
D. Survey of Fauna
Phillip Bruner
E. Water Availability Letter
F. Utility Availability Letters
G. Department of Transportation
Access Letters
H. Site Photographs
1. Site Plan
EXHIBIT "A"
INTERSECTION SIGHT DISTANCES
INTERSECTION SIGHT DISTANCE
FOR TMK: (3)6-2-01:009 por.
KOHALA MOUNTAIN ROAD
POSITION "A" - EXISTING GATE
location of "REDUCED SPEED 25 MPH" sign edge of pavement
E 420'
580' _
edge of pa location of 25K4PH sign
-X-
location of eye 15' from white line
POSITION "B" - 80' WEST OF GATE
location of "REDUCED SPEED 25 MPH" sign edge of pavement
4 500'
- 520'
edge of pavement - location of 25 MPH sign
location of eye 15' from white line
NOTES:
Height of driver's eye: 3.50 feet
Height of Vehicle: 4.25 feet
The posted speed limit approaching from the right is 25 mph until just before the proposed
intersection (please see drawing), where it changes to 35 mph. The posted speed limit
from the left is 35 mph, with a posted warning of "REDUCED SPEED 25 MPH" at the
left hand sight limit (see drawing) and the 25 mph sign just to the right of the intersection.
The required sight distance for a posted speed limit of 25 mph (design speed 30 mph) is
310 feet. The required sight distance for a posted 35 mph (design speed of 40 mph) is 505
feet.
CONCLUSION:
Adequate sight distance in both directions is achievable for the proposed intersection,
SITE DISTANCE PHOTOGRAPHS
N
1~' V
25
a
Looking east toward Hawaii Preparatory Academy.
`velXa6 R. z ...~,n
N,
FOR SALE
C
g85-625b
Looking west from entrance up Kohala Mountain Road.
EXHIBIT "B"
ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORTS
Robert Rechtman and William Barerra
RECHTMA_N CONSULTING
HC 1 Box 4149 Keh'au, Hawaii 96749
phone:(808)966;1636 • (808) 966.6235
toll free fax: (800)406-2665 e,nuail: brechmtan@abLcom
April 16, 2000
RC-0008
Mark W alker
Smith Development
1043 Makawao Avenue el-08
Dlakawao, HI 96768
Sti !7ect: Post-Fieldwork Sumnra,), ofArchaeological Survey of TMK: (3) 6-2-01:09
Dear Mark:
As we discussed last week on the phone I am providing you with a summary of the completed fieldwork
associated with the archaeological inventory survey of the above-referenced parcel. Fieldwork was
completed on April 13r 2000. The entire parcel was resurveyed and all of the sites previously recorded
were investigated. A new map of the parcel was prepared showing all of the archaeological sites, both
previously recorded and newly encountered. Twelve individual sites (SIHP 19569,18579,18580,1858-1-
18593: 18595, 18596) and a portion of a thirteenth (SIHP 18581) were previously recorded by Barrera.
During the current fieldwork no new, sites were encountered, however, several previously unrecorded
agricultural features of Site 18581 were documented. Three of the previously recorded sites (18579,
18580, 18596) were reassessed during the current fieldwork and are considered to be natural features rather
than cultural sites The previously assigned "habitation" f action for Sites 18589, 1 8592, 18595 has been
modified as a result of the current investigation. All three of these sites are better described as agricultural,
functioning to either divert or retain water.
Site 18569 was interpreted by Barrera as a trail, I believe this interpretation was flawed. Rather, this site is
a former aural or irrigation channel. Four other former arnvai were also recorded on the parcel during the
current investigation; together with Site 18569, these features formed an interconnected irrigation system.
The potential burial site (18588) was tested through subsurface excavation. This site indeed does contain
human remains and will likely necessitate preservation. I concur with Barrera's interpretation that Site
18590 is a habitation This site can either be preserved or data recovered The recommendation that I will
put forward for this site in the Inventory Survey Report will reflect your preference. We can discuss the
ramifications of both options at a later date. As for the three wall sites (SIHP 18587, 18591, 18593). 1
recommend preservation of Site 185871 as this is on the property lure and represents the ahupua'a boundary.
The other walls should require no mitigation effort.
Thank you again for the opportunity to provide you with these services. Should you have any question, or
would like further information please feel free to contact me at (808) 966-7636. or by e-mail at
brechur an0laol.com.
Reggaard~s,1 Bob Rechtman, Ph. D.
OULI and LANIKEPU, SOUTH KOHALA, HAWAII ISLAND:
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY OF TMK: 6-2-01: 9
Prepared for:
Island Advisors Inc.
1350 Ala 1lioana Blvd., Suite 2812
Honolulu, Hawaii 96814
Prepared Uy:
William Barrera, Jr.
Comstock Cultural Resource Management, Inc.
65-1158 Mamalahoa Highway
P. O. Box 111333, Suite 233
Kamuela, Hawaii 96743-0050
JANUARY 1994
I. INTRODUCTION elevation of between 2200 and 2700 the project area, both of which are in
feet. It is located within the Waiunea the Waimea Series:
An archaeological site inventory Field System, a large prehistoric
survey was conducted on approxi- complex of residential and agricul- "The Waimea series consists of
mately 250 acres at Ouli and L.ani- tural features. Historic land use has well-drabted very fine sandy loams
kepu, South Kohala, Hawaii Island been cattle gtnzing. that formed in volcanic ash These
M. IK: 6-2-01: 91. The project area is soils are gently sloping to moder-
located in the angle formed by The Soil Conservation Service of ately steep. They are on uplands at an
Kawaihae Road and the Kohala the United States Department of Ae elevation ranging from 2,000 to
Mountain Road, approximately riculture recognizes two soil types in 6,000 feet and receive from 25 to 45
sevennnilesfromKawaihaeBay at an inches of rainfall annually. Their
VIM. IOIM
I/ e 6 to F .Lts
I
III ~ r
11 I t/:%Y
I
I I'~ MIVIIA KEA
FIJ.796
,
VD "I
I!F'IgtE IpM ) i' : MVO
RE.VIARFRW % A
C brtMNCOON
KE.IAIIF+w vv ~ ~ ~ I>,en /
K164 a GLOEII
t
3
I `mod
~ i
I
soVl wINT
1. Hawaii Island. Showing Location of Project Area
-I-
IC,
VV7
IT,
e
O 43
zo
!Rep ,_~I"
, • ' ~ ~Academy / ~
Gagmg-
°Kawailiula
2. USGS Kamuela Quadrangle, Showing Project Location
4
`~~°'~~e~• ~•,Z•r~ ;~i ..awe.. rr ~i^ ~~p a ` ~ V C 1`•, i
r_/ ~'LV r..•wno.v;~~y,~;j§• ~ ~ .3Z` r ~ _'',li~.
pI r
C l • t ~ Q. y
a C
`ol L h
C y U12 "It 7
• 1 C 1 'C
9A C•M[Ce F[.
3. Portion of Tax Map 6-2-01, Showing Project Area
-2-
0 100 200 00 300 METERS
- 00 000 FEET
I
12720
_
I-
,2640
i
2560-'
2460
- 12400 .
12320
.
2240_.
-
4. Contour Map of Project Area
the leeward side of Mauna Kea and
0 100 M) =MUERS
e o~Soo the Kohala Mountains.
"A representative profile has a sur-
face layer about 17 inches thick,_This
"c layer consists of dark-brown and
! ve dark brown very fine sand
rY Y
loam and loam The subsoil is dark-
' brown silt loam about 25 inches
th ck It is underlain by weathering,
hard basalt bedrock at a depth of
~r l' Z "k<AZ T:-' f- .1 about 42 inches. The surface layer is
iY !fy t neuhal the subsoil is m ldl alka-
K line. In places the surfaceyis ex-
k`r tremely stony.
"Representative profile, Kamuela
I .t ; i> ; • Quadrangle, ]at. 20°03' 18"N. and
long. 155°44'40"W.:
5. USDA Soils in Project Area "Al 1-0 to 2 inches, very dark
brown (7.5YR 2/2) very fine sandy
loam; dark brown (7.5YR 3/3)
when dry; weak, verv fine and fine,
mean annual soil temperature is be- "Wabnea soils are used for pasture granular structure; soft, very friable,
bveen 59 and 62 F. The natural vege- and truck crops. nonsticky, and nonplastic; marry
tation consists of cactus, bermud' roots; many fine pores; neutral;
° "Waimea very fine sandy loam. 6 abrupt, smooth boundary. (2 to 3
rass, rattail, and ilima. These soils and inches thick)
Kikoni, Palapalai,Puu Pa, and Waik- to 12 percent slopes (W1vMC).-This
oloa soils are in the same general soil is at intermediate elevations on 7.5YR 3to 7inches, own
( YR 3/2) very fine sandy andy l own;
area. (7.5YR 3/4) when dry; massive;
soft, very friable, nonsticky, and
-3-
nonplasic; many roots; many very surface. Runoff is nneditmn, and the Harrutt7and aeolo teal investio
Borthwick [1986]
fine and fine ppoores; neutral; clear, erosion hazard is modetare. conducted arch
smooth bowtdary. (5 to 7 inches $ ga-
thick) "This soil is used for pasture. (Ca- lions on approximately 50 acres lo-
".A13-7 to 17 inches, dark-brown cared on R aikoloa Stretm, followed
(7.5YR 3/3) loam; dark brown pabdip subclass VIIs, norurrigated{ in 1958 by further detailed survey
(7.5YR 4/4) when dry; massive; pasture group 4; woodland group 1)"
and testing [H.natt, Botthwick
soft, very friable, nonsticky, and [USDA Soil Conservation Service and Shideler 19881. The next work in
nonplastic; many roots; many very 1973: 53-4].
fine and fine pores: 10 to 20 percent the area was a reconnaissance of ap-
basaltfragmentsfromeravelto M. PREVIOUS Proximatelyl00acresatHawaiiPre-
stone size; mildly alkaline; gradual, Academy
wayy bowtdary. (10 to 15 inches ParatorY [Bonk 19591 and
thick) RESEARCH data recovery of sites in the project
"921-1710 31 inches, dark-brown Lt
, 1973 BishopD1tLewnconducted area originally investigated by Harn-
(7.5YR 313) silt loam; dark brown att and Borthwick in 1986 and
(7.5YR 4/4) when dry: weak. fine alt archaeological m stuvey and histori- 1988 [Hammatt and Shideler 1989].
and medium, subangular blocky cal review for the proposed Waimea The ear 1959 also saw follow-
smctwe; soft very triable, non- y up
to Kswaihae Road corridor [Barrera
sticky, and nonelastic; many roots; investigation of the Paauilo(Waimea
many very fine and fine pores; 20 to and Kelly 1974), during which over watershed pro ject area that had been
30 percent basalt fragments from 4500 archaeological feanrres were covered by Bonk in 1955
gravel to stone size; mildly alkaline; Y [Spencer
gradual, wavy boundary.(10 to 15 identified, thanajoriry of which were 1989).
inches t hick) located either near the coast at Kawai-
"ches I to ~2 inches. dark-brown, hae or near Waimea. Approximately Two brief field checks in the
(7.5YR 3/3) silt loam; dark brown 295 acres intended for farmlot devel- Waimea area were conducted by
(7.5YR 4/4) when drv; weak, fine opntent just across Waikoloa Stream staff members of the State Historic
and medium, subangular blocky to the south ofthe resent roect area Preservation Division in 1991
smcwre; soft, very friable, slightly p P 1
sicky, and slightly plastic many was reconnoitered in 1979 [Clung [Smith 1991; McEldowney 19911,
roots; many eery fine and fine 19791, followed two years later by an and an inventory survey of potential
pores; 30 to 40 percent basalt frag-
ments of gravel to stone size; mildly intensive survey by Bishop Museum hospital sites in several locations
alkaline; abrupt, wavy boundary. (9 which identified over300 sites [Clark around Waimea was conducted that
to 15 inches thick) 1951]. In 1980 the State Historic same year [Thompson and Rosen-
"IIR-42 inches, weathering hard Preservation Office conducted a brief dahl 19911.
basalt. reconnaissance of a five mile long
right-of-way of proposed waterline These projects have demonstrated
"The depth to bedrock ranges from ProP Use presence of an extensive complex
36 to 55 inches. The solum ranges improvements on die west side of ofagricultttraland residential sites in
from tOYR to 5YR in ]rue. It has a Waimea, daring which no archae-
value and ological features were located, and the Waimea area. The core of this chroma of _
moist and 3 3 or or 4 4 when hat dry. 3 wThehBen adding was found during; a similarly complex extends westward from
about the Waimea Fire Station down
horizon rattcesfront loam tosilt loam brief reconnaissance of 1..5 acres in
to approximately [he 1800 foot ele-
in texture and is massive or has weak the middle of Waimea Tetvn the fol- to and covets the lower of es
stnrcttue. lowing year [Scehren19S1]. vation,
of the KchalaMotmtainsdownasfar
"Permeability is moderately rapid, In 1981 Bishop Mttseu]nconducted as Puu Pa in Waikoloa. The present
runoff is slow, and the erosion hazed a survey and excavation projectalong survey area is located just to the
is sli-ht. The available water capacity the %ludlane to Kawaihae Road righi- southwest of Clark's Field Complex
is about 1.8 inches per foot of soil. of-way [Clark mid Kirch 1983], and 1:
Roots can penetrate to a depth of 30 that same vear a reconnaissance of "Field Complex 1 is located on the
inches or more. 1.9 acres in Waimea Town was done Kohala slope, principally between
by the Historic Preservation Office Lanike vandHale'aliaGulches,and
"This soil is used forpasture and for [F{arn 19831. In I985 a coconuts- P
irrigated Iruckcrops. (Capability sub- sane of three reservoir sites and a N of the Keanu)omano and Kohak-
class IIIe, irrigated, and Me, nonirri- large watershed area extending from ohau Streams where they leave the
dated; pasture group 4; woodland 'Arallnnea to Paauilo was conducted slope and cunt to flow westerly. In
group 0. [Bonk 1985b], a reconnaissance of this area of comparatively steep
four parcels proposed for residential slope, the upper elevation portion is
" Waimea extremely stony yen' dominated by low, mildly terraced
fine sandy loam, 12 to 20 percent and convnerese development, in- field ridges. These seem most likely
chiding die present project area, was
slopes (W SD).-This soil is similar done (Bonk 19SSa] and a recottnais- to be of a lyncher-type development
to Waimea very fine sandy loam, 6 to rather than intentionally constructed
Lalilo
12 percent slopes, except that the was sauce of cond a ucted rese[Rrvoiosr site endahl 195in 1985].
51 ridges.Thelowerportionofthecom-
slopes are moderately steep, and plex is marked by larger terraces
stones cover 3 to 15 percent of the with broader and flatter surfaces be-
-4-
hind soil embankments. These are valley is a great tract of luxuriant, of amakva and Kohala, together
H
probably the result of cut-and-fill natural pasture, whither all die cattle with the greater part of Hiro, the
construction" [Clark and Kirch 1983: mid sheep imported by me are to be plough might be introduced with ad-
2951. driven, there to roam unrestrained, to vantage, and the productions of in-
increase and nuilriplY..... [Vancouver tertropical climates raised in great
This agriculai al system has been 1501:5, 107]. abundance and excellent quality, as
characterized variously as dryland, the sugar-cane and other indigenous
irrieated dn9and, mid supplementally Twenty or so years later, Ouli came plaits, grown at Waimea, are unusu-
irrigated. It basically consisted of a into the possession of John Young: ally large" (Ellis 1963: 289].
series of agricultural fields, either in
,•Inalaterdistributionoflandsafter
the form of manufactured terraces or the Bartle of Nu'uami and/or his re- The nearby village of Keaalii,
arrangements of low earthen berms, where he encounteredKumuokaPili,
fed by irrigation ditches colleciin; turn to Hawaii in 1812, Kane-
was apparently one of three major
water from streams draining die Ko- haneha rewarded )its chiefs as well as inland settlements in the area:
hala Mountains. Residential areaas, Ms /mole advisors John Young aid
consisting of both permanent and Isaac Davis with further tracts of "at the rising ground above the
temporary field shelters, have been land, including pats of Waimea, seacoast settlements, several main
found throughout the area. John Young received as an i1i kupono trails led past occasionally cultivated
the ]aid of 'Ouli and the nhuprrn'a of grounds to the uplands of Waimea
Cordy [1989: 4] has summarized Kawaihae 2" [Barrere 1953:_8] where there were, in the early 1S20s,
die chronological information for die In 1523 Rev. Thurston seers to three major settlements about two
area: miles apart. One was at Keaalii, one
have stayed ovemi_;ht in the project at Waikoloa, and one at Pu'uikapu.
"Archaeological excavation in the area: All three were concenCated where a
field system and its houses have yet " ma or stream emptied itself u
to clearly establish when pemianen About five pm. Mr. Iht rston set trial pot to
settlement began or to establish the out on a visit to die inland district of Plateau.
nature of the growth of the field svs_ «aiimea, having been furnished with "The name Keaalii has long been
tent over time. But dates from fields a guide by Mr. Younig. It was dark lost to common knowledge [Judd
and associated habitations near the when he reached Ouli, a place be- 1932: 14]; however, its location has
airport and between Lanikepu and longing to the latter, where he put up been deduced from a number of
Keanuiommic, streams on the flats in for the nio ht. sources. The settlement was on the
Ouli have gone back to the A.D. "After worship with the people, on kula of Waimea, near the opening of
I100s-1200s (Clark & Kirch 1983, the morning of the 26th, Mr. Thurston Lanikepu gulch whose 100-footwa-
Clark 1987), which could be sugges- walked on to Kalaloa, the residence terfall, the only one of this height in
tive of early settlement and fanning of the chief of Waimea, Ku- the area, furnished the identifying
in the area. The southenunost swale muokapiki, (Stump of Cabbage). landmark forrelocating Keaalii [Per-
lands near Pu'u Pa have dates from Leaving Kalaloa, he walked on to ambulator 1836]. A local chief,
fields mid housine back to the A.D. Waiakea, from thence to Waikaloa, Kumu-o-ke-kipi, was living at
1300s-1400s (Clark & Kirch 1953; Pukalani aid Puukapu, which is six- "Kalaloa" in this vicinity when the
Clark 1981,19S7), so the field system teen or eighteen miles from the sea- Rev. Asa Thurston made a brief visit
had expanded to this area by that shore, and is the last village in the to Waimea in August of 1823.
time. The bulk of the dates from this district of Waimea. At these places he Thurston apparently reported his
field system and is houses are in the addressed the people. nine as Ku niu-o-ka-piki, and it so
AD 1600s-1700s and early 1800s, appears in the published account of
aid most researchers agree that this "The soil over which he had Lmv- the visit [Ellis 1963: 301]. The
was the period when the system elled was fertile, well watered, and chief's wife was Papa'i, recorded as
reached its mdxbntim extent'. (Clark capable of sustaining main thousand the 'ai-rnoki [loosely, "govemor"]
1981, 1957; Clark & Kirch 1983). inhabitants. In his walks he had nun- of Waimea in the days of Kame-
bered 220 houses, and die present liameha (.Mon: 1503]. After Ku-
IV, HISTORICAL population is probably between muokekipi'sdeath, Papa 'imarriedJ.
BACKGROUND eleven and twelve hundred. A. Palea, whose land Comm ssion
Award 3838 included the land on
Vancouver described the Waimea "Mr. Thurston preached twice to which Kumuokekipi and Papa'i had
area as it was in 1793: "...the plains the people. lived [Land Board AIR 8: 381, NT 4:
of Wlivinea...are reputed to be very The surface of the country is gen- 31, Aw. Bk. 5: 46]. Palea's land was
rich aid productive, occupying a tiv undulated, tolerably free from called"Koaliula,"a name corrupted
space of several miles in extent, and rocks, and easy of cultivation. In this to " Kawailiuta" on modem USGS
winding at die footof these tree lofty district, and throughout the divisions maps." [Barrere 1983: 30-21.
motuitains far into die country. In this
"In December of 1829 a committee years later when their witnesses gave surrounding walls, and the absence
of missionaries went to Waimea to testimon.• for them the pahale were of domestic features [terraces, plat-
determine its suitability as a site for a described as enclosed. This change it forms, etc.]. Similarwalls in associa-
possible health station. Intheirreport patient may indicate a growing con- tion with domestic features were
of their three-week stay [Comtmttee cent over the encroachment of cattle idenified as animal barriers. Two
Report 1830], the Committee in the area" [Bvrere1983:33]. features were identified as burials on
stressed meteorological and climatic the basis of their resemblance to
conditions at Waimea, and included a IV. METHODOLOGY known gravesites on Hawaii Island.
map showing the settlements of The property was initially searched
Keaalii, Waikoloa and Pu'ukapu, nag by one person who spent a period of V. RESULTS
of due main trails from Kawaihae and ten days traversing the entire project 50-10-06-18558
Puako, and the malt trail to Waipi'o, area. Sweeps were conducted at dis-
the origilnal "vlud Lane." One of the lances of about 25 meters. Every fea-
members of this committee, Dr. Ger- rare encountered was flagged with This site consists of three berms
rit P. Judd, returned to Waimea with plastic ribbon, marked on an aerial located in the open grassland of die
his family in February of 1830, ac- upland portion of the project area.
photograph, and assigned a tanpo-
companiedbytheRev. andMrs.Rug- ray), field number. Once the entire FeatureA -This is an earthenbetm
gles and the Ka'awaloa chiefess parcel had been covered in this man- measuring 3.1 by 88.0 meters. It
Kapi'olani (Fragments 1903: 261. ner, a period of three weeks was spent stands to a height of 0.3 meter on the
The party of 70 was joined atKawai- in returning to these features, at north side and grades bhto the slope
hae by 43 others. On February 26 the which time Utey were recorded, plan on the south side.
entire group of 113 ascended the mapped if appropriate, and photo-
slopes and arrived at Keaalii where graphed. State of Hawaii site nom- Feature B- This is an earthenberm
the missionaries put up at "the best hers were then assigned, and test ex- measuring 2.4 by 102.0 meters. It
house in the district," all indication cavanons conducted, stands to a height of 0.3meteronthe
that it was or had been a chiefly donna- north s ide and 0.5 meter on the south
tile. We are assurning that it had been A few ha'ords regarding terminology side.
the residence of Kumuokekipi, who are in order. Several habitation fea-
ts presumed to have been deceased at rures were found that incorporate Feature C - This is all earth and
this date"(Barrere 1983: 32). characteristics of both terraces and rock berm measuring 1.8 by 65.0
enclosures, in that they were built into meters. It stands to a height of 0.2
"Thu Waimea/Kawailae land re- the hillside such that there are retain- meter on the north side and0.6meter
cords themselves do not support a in, walls on the uphill and downhill on the south side.
kinship-related exchange pattern be- sides and freestanding walls on the
tween upland and seacoast dwellers, ends. The resulting living area is en- The features date from the prehis-
nor do they indicate a seasonal occu- closed by stone walls on all sides, but toric period, and served an agricul-
pation of sites mauka and makai. the floor area itself is terraced. These turcal function
There were distictsettementgroups stmcturesare referred to anthe text as 50-10-06-18559
along the seacoast inKawaihae 1 and terraced enclosures. They could as
and in Puako; on the kula or scrub well have been called enclosed ter-
lands of Kawaihae and Waimea; in races. This is a short length of crude re-
the kola foothills; and in a band along taining wall located on a bedrock
the Waikoloa-Pu'ukapu juncture Habitations have been categorized outcrop on the west side of Ouli
where the scrub land gave way to as permanent or temporary depend- Gulch It measures 0.6 by 1.8 meters
taller tree-growth and fuller under- in.* upon their size and die presence and stands toaheightof 0.6meteron
bnush. of formal construction features. The the east side and 0.2 meter on the
larger walled and/or terraced strut- west.
"The terra pahale, as well as in its tunes [in excess of twenty, square me-
more general application as a tersirtarea] w•ithclearly'enclosedliv- 50-10-06-18560
houselot of about a quarter acre con- in, areas demarcated by stacked
raining one or more houses, in these stone walls have been classified as This is a site complex of six fea-
records often meant a cultivated area penranent, while die tern temporary uses located at the top of the west
on which also stood one or more has been reserved for those features side of Ouli Gulch
houses. Some pahale in Kawaihae which are smaller and cruder in con-
included the salt pans adjacent to struction and are lacking in clearly Feature A - This is a freestanding
them. Interestingly, many upland defined enclosed areas. Two enclo- stone wall measuring 0.9 by 12,2
claimants said it 1846 that Uneirpa- meters and stand ing to a height of 0.8
sures were identified as animal pets
hale were unenclosed, adding they on the basis of their size [670 and meter. An upnghtboulder is situated
were "thinking of doing so," and nyo 1075 square meters], relatively high in the wall at the west end.
-6-
A 0.5 meter square test pit was ex- Feature D - This is a rectangular 50-10-06-18561
cavated adjacent to the wall. It went stone mound measuring 0.7 by 23.6
to a depth of 0.5 meter, revealing two meters and standing to a height of 0.3 -Ilnis is a combination freestanding
layers, the boundary between which meter on the north side and 0.8 meter
was indistinct. Laver I was a cultural on the south. stone wall and boulder alignment
layer extending to a depth of about forming what could be described
0.12 meter below the surface. It was Feature E - This is a roughly either as an incomplete enclosure or
square, crudely terraced area fonned as a large C-shaped enclosure. It
a dark brown [7.5YR 314] loam con-
tauung 5.5 grams of charcoal frao by two retaining walls and an expo- measures 70 meters in length, 0.8
menrss and one fragment of an u niden- stye of a bedrock outcrop. It measures meter in width, and stands to a height
tified cone shell. Laver II was the 4_1 by 5.2 meters [10.6 square me- of 0.6 meter. The area enclosed by
ten], level with the orotund surface the feature is 670 square meters.
culturally 7.5Y8 43/41/4] loaloamsubsoiubsoil to
with dark weathbrown on the north side and stands to a
[7.51 height of 0.6 meter on due south The sits is anannnal enclosure dat-
ered subangular basalt pebbles and ing from the historic period.
cobbles. Feature F- This is an alignment of
50-10-06-18562
A charcoal sample from Layer I large boulders that runs downthe side
produced aradiocarbon age of 170+/- of Ouli Gulch. It measures between
80 B.P. 0.6 and 0.8 meter in width and 32.0 This is a boulder alignment form-
meters in length. It stars ds to a height hng what could be described either as
Feature B - This is an alignment of of 0.5 meter on the north side and 0.7 an incomplete enclosure or as a large
large boulders that rams down the side meter on the south. The Luger of the C-shaped enclosure. It measures 91
of Ouli Gulch Itmeasures 0.7 by 23.6 boulders are set on end, giving the meters ui length, 0.8 meter in width,
meters and stands to heights of be- appearance of stubby uprights. and stands to a height of between 0.5
tw•een 0.5 and 0.8 meter. and 0.7 meter. The area enclosed by
The site is a permanent habitation the feature is 1075 square meters-
Feature C - This is a retaining wall complex dating from the prehistoric
measuring 1.2 by 5.3 meters. It stands period. The site is an animal enclostre dat-
to a height of 0.7 meter on the east ing from the historic period.
side and 0.3 meter on the west.
50-10-06-18563
This is a retairning wall built across
a low gull v, on the east side of which
o E OMETERS 7 it abuts a bedrock outcrop. It mews- ures 2.5 meters in length and 1.2
0o cEEr o.r meter in width at the top and 1-65
;T Gu<;n meter in width at the base. It stands
to a height of 0.2 meter on the north
am.. P BOTTOM
'y
side and 1.0 meter on the south
B::
i 50-10-06-18564
This is an earth and rock berm en-
4 closing an area that measures 14.9by
15.2 meters [152 square meters]. The
-F"-~- C - feature is rather indistinct because of
the relatively thick grass growing on
c
the site.
A 0.5 meter square test pit was ex-
cavated to a depth of 0.40 meter,
revealing die presence of two cultur-
E F ally sterile layers.
Layer I - This was a dark brown
[7.5YR 312] loam with common
weathered, subrounded cobbles and
6. Plan of HRHP 18560 small boulders. It went to a depth of
0.20 meter.
-7-
50-10-06-18567
-
Earth and Rock Berm - This is a C-shiped shelter measur-
ing 1.7 by 2.4 metes and sLandin2 to
a height of 0.6 meter.
It is a temporary field shelterdatino
Test Pit
` - from the prehistoric period.
i 0 2.5 5 METERS
~J
I 0 5 10 15 FEET
x=- ! 9. Plan of HRHP 18568
50-10-06-18568
This is a concentration of free-
standing stone walls located adjacent
to the south end of Ouli Gulch, cov-
7. Plan of HRHP 18564 ering an area of 50 by 100 meters.
The walls vary in width from 0.6 to
Layer II -This was a brown to dark 50-10-06-18566 0.7 meter and in height from 0.5 to
brown [7.5YR 4141 loan that was ex- 1.0 meter.
cavated to a depth of 0.40 meter. This is a roughly rectangular enclo- The position of the walls and their
The absence of aborigonal artifacts sore measuring 10.4 by! 1.7 metes construction technique suggest that
and midden usually indicates that a [101 square metes]. The wall is con- they are animal barriers dating from
site is historic in age. However, test strutted mostly of single and double the prehistoric period.
pits in what are clearly prehistoric alignmentsofboulders, butshort sec-
habitation structures elsewhere in the tions of multiple-stacked walls are 50-10-06-18569
project area have indicated a paucity present. The wall measures 0.75 nne-
or absence of such materials, and so ter in width and stands to a height of This is an inter-ahupua'a trail
this site must be classified as a per- 0.7 meter. A low bedrock outcrop is measuring 2.0 to 3.0 metes in width
rnanent prehistoric habitation- situated inside the structure, near the that extends in an east-west direction
east end. completely across the project area
50-10-06-18565 The site is a pennvnent prehistoric for a distance of about 1175 metes.
Its south side is a freestanding wall
habitation' in laces and a retaining wall in oth-
T)nisisanareaofmodifiedoutcrops, P o
crude retaining walls, and a length of es. This wall measures for the most
freestanding wall. These are concen-
trated fin, part 0.9 meter in width and 0.9 meter
in an area measuring 45 by 50 "~a in hei?lu. It forms the south walls of
metes that includes the south end of the enclosures of Sites 18572 and
Site 18576, an interiorretaining wall
an exposure of a basaltic dike and the E~ ! e
adjacent slope, down which debris _ I that bisects enclosure Site 18583,
from tine eroding dike has been me_ - and runs along that portion of Site
chanically transported. _ - ! 18598 that trends east-west.
The site is probably a gardening An 1830 map reproduced in Bar-
area dating from the prehistoric pe- S. Plan of HRHP 18567 rere [1983: 311 shows this trail ex-
riod. tending fromKawaihae to the village
of Keaalii, which was apparently lo-
cated where Lalantilo Subdivision is
-8-
0 2.5 5 METERS
0 5 10 15 FEET
I
I~
10. Plan of HRHP 18570
i
Bgod OVIOW
I i
^r
0 J !FEET
11. Plan of HRHP 18571
_9_
- 50-10-06-18572
0 25 SO METERS
e -
-
100 'This is a site complex consisting of
i~-may 0 200 FEET 0
7 _ an enclosure and associated features.
The enclosure measures 105 by 117
h E meters [9260 square meters], and is
i built of boulder alignments and mul-
l II T..tan tiple stacked walls. Most of the
length of the enclosure wall meas-
ures about 0.80 meter wide and
j stands between 0.40 and 0.90 meter
in height. The south side of the en-
closure is foamed by a retauung wall,
l r which is part of trail Site 18569,
i measuring 1.0 meter in width and
standing to a height of 0.30 meter on
the north side and 1.0 meter on the
c i south side. An Ell-shaped boulder
i alignment measuring 115 meters in
length extends from the southeast
comer of the enclosure.
Feature A - This is a flat rectangu-
lar terrace-like area formed by an
arrangement of bedrock boulders
and ledges. It measures 4.6 by 14.3
;meters [56.3 square meters] and
stands to a height of 0.90 meter.
Feature B - This is also a flat,
roughly rectangular terrace-like area
forted by an arrangement of bed-
rock boulders and ledges. It meas-
ures 5.1 by 10.1 meters [45.6 square
i meters] and stands to a height of 0.80
meter.
Feature C - This is an Ell-shaped
12. Plan of IIRHP 18572 shelter measuring 4.6 by 8.2 meters
[34.5 square meters] and standing to
a height of 0.80 teeter.
now. This is undoubtedly the trail The site is a permanent. prehistoric
traveled by William Ellis's compan- habitation. Feature D - This is an Ell-shaped
ion, Thurston, in 1823 [see Historical shelter measuring 5.0 by 9.9 meters
Background]. 50-10-06-18571 [42.5 square meters] and standing to
a height of 0.70 meter.
The site dates from the prehistoric This is arectuugular teaecedenclo- and early historic period. sure measuring 4.5 by 4.5 meters Feature E - This is a single and
double alignment of cobbles and
50 10 06 18570 [19.7 square meters]. The. south side boulders set on end. It measures 47
is a boulder alignment, die east and meters inlength,0.70meterinwidth,
Ms is aroughly oval torectogulat north sides are stacked walls, and the
west side is formed by a bedrock out- and stands to a height of 0.30 meter
terraced enclosure measuring 9.5 by on the north side and 0.80 meter on
14.7 meters [12_03 square meters], crop. the south It separates a 560 square
The north and south sides are formed The site is a permanent habitation teeter area in the northwest comer of
by retaining walls standing to heights dating from the prehistoric period. the enclosure from the remainder of
of 0.6 teeter, and the sides are formed the enclosure.
by freestanding walls that are as A 0.5 meter square test pit was ex-
cavated height. two meters north of the
-10-
alignment. It revealed a cultural de-
posit of dark brown [7.5YR 3141 loam 0 1 2 3 METERS
that went to a depth of 0.60 meter. It was overlying the sterile subsoil of 0 5 10 FEET
brown to dark brown 7.5YR 414 - t
loon with ereatly weathered and fri- i
able pebbles and cobbles. The only
midden recovered was 0.5 grain of j
charcoal from Layer I.
_ i
Feature F - This is a roughly rec-
tangular enclosure measuring S.S by
14.1 meters [103.9 square meters]
and standing to a height of 0.80 me-
ter.
,
Feature G - This is a square to oval
terraced enclosure measuring 5.2 by
6.4 meters 28.4 square meters and standing to a height of 0.60 meter.
Feature H - This is a crude, low
retaining wall that abuts the inside
wall of the enclosure at its north end.
It measures 4.30 meter in leneth and 13. Plan of HRHP 18573
0.75 meter in width It stands to a
height of 0.10 meter on the east side 50-10-06-18574 retaining wall standing to aheight of
and 0.40 meter on the west. 0.3 meter on the north side and 1.0
This is a oval torectangular terraced meter on the south The sides are
This site a walled concentration enclosure measuring 8.5 b 12.3 me- freestanding walls standing to a
atr habitations and associ- by eight of 0.8 meter, and the south
ed structures and garden areas dat_ nets [8_.3 square mete[s]. The north h side is arelatively massive 1 2meter
ing from the prehistoric period. Its and south sides are formed by retain-
° ing walls standing to heights of 0.6 wide arrangement of basalt cobbles
direct association tvithl-lRI-1P 15569, and boulders.
the trail used by Ellis's companions meter, and the sides are formed by
in 1823, suggests its continued use freestanding walls that are as much as A 0.5 meter square test pit was ex-
into at least the early historic pe- 0.8 meter in height. A section of Site cavated to a depth of 0.80 meter. It
riod.The enclosing Wall was probably 15569, a trail, adjoins the south side revealed a dark brown [7.YR 3/4]
built to protect the habitations and of the structure. loam, the upper 0.15 meter of which
garden areas from wild cattle during A 0.5 meter square test pit was ex- was culturally sterile. Between 0.20
the historic period. cavated to a depth of 0.40 meter, re- and 0.80 meter in depth the loam
vealing the presence of a single cul- contained a relatively dense accumu-
50-10-06-18573 hually sterile layer. It consisted of lation of charcoal fragments and
about 80 percent large cobbles and three small coral mvtuporrs. Basalt
This is arectanguLar terraced enclo- small boulders, in a matrix of a dark cobbles were common between 0.40
sure measuring 4.6 by 8.3 meter brown [7.5YR 3/4] loam. and 0.60 meter in depth.
[32.6 square meters]. The south side
is formed by a 0.6 meter wide retain- The site is a pemarteu[ prep storic ' A +/-0 radiocarbon was o tained from a
in.- wall that is level with die ground habitation. _90+/-50 B.P. was obtained from a
surface on the north side and stands charcoal sample from the 60 to 70
to a height of 0.6 meter on the south 50-10-06-18575 centimeter level.
side. The west end is indicated by an Feature B - This is a rectangular
indistinct alignment of basalt cob- This is a complex of features cover- terraced enclosure measuring 5.5 by
bles, and the remainder of the feature ing an area of 20 by 50 meters on the 8.3 metes [39.7 square meters]. It is
blends into the adjacent hillside. west side of a dry gully. formed by single and double align-
menu of
The site is a permanent habitation Feature A - This is a square to boulder, with two large
dating from the prehistoric period. rectangular terraced enclosure meal- uprig}tt boulders in the north retain-
dating 10.8 by 13.7 meters [124.3 ing wall. A boulder alignment ex-
. The north side is a tends from thenortheastcomerofthe
square meters]
_11_
0 1 2 _3 METERS
I
.
0 5 10 FEET ¢r:,;~ ub
„
1L5/
rte`
~ A -
Test Pit
I~
i
1
I
18569 (TRAIL)
1.3. Plan of HRHP 18574
I
0 5 10 METERS $'•q~~
0 15 30 FEET
JA
C Gully
15. Plan of HRHP 18575
-12-
TERMC[O F
0 1~0 203OMETERS "M meter on the south Side, The e
west walls of the structure are
0 50 100 FEET formed by boulder alignments that
stand to a height of 0.5 meter.
0.5 meter square test pi[ was ex-
~e HH cavated to a depth of 0.60 meter. The
deposit was a dark brown [7.5YR
~i K 3141 loam that produced 3.8 grams of
I I~ / l,l charcoal fragments and 0.7 grans of
II Zest PA J AIcurtres mo/accana shell.
B=~
ii E
v G
I
it F i~lr~ t _
ROCK FILL
CULTURAL
h~
16. Plan of IIRHP 15576
feature to the edge of the adjacent 50-10-06-18576 eunv. FILL
Feature C - This is a crude, indis- This is a complex of features lo- I \
tinctly delineated rectangular terrace cated within and attached to a large
measuring 4.0 by 9.9 meters [41.3 enclosure. The enclosure measures a---------
squaremeters]. The sides are formed 77 by 112 meters [7,950 square me- NOT EKCAVATED
by low earth and rock retaining walls ters] and is formed on most sides by
that stand to a height of about 0.5 stacked and aligned boulders averag-
meter, with the exception of the west ing about 0.9 meter in width and be- 17. HRHP 18576 B. Section
side which is a cobble alignment tween 0.6 and 0.8 meter in height.
The south side is formed by a retain- Feature B - This is a roughl
Feature D -This is a rectangular ing wall that is level with the ground e y
terrace measuring 3.9 by 5.9 meters surface on the north side and stands square rock platform measuring 7.9
[20.4 square meters]. The north and to a height of 1.5 meter on the south by 8.3 meters [62.7 square meters]
south sides are delineated by retain- side. This retaining wall forms the and standing toaheightof0.6meter.
ing walls that stand to a height of 0.5 south side of Site 18569, a trail. The A 0.5 meter square test pit was ex-
meter, the east side grades into the enclosure is incomplete, as there is a cavated. Because of the hazard pre-
growmd surface. large opening in the southeast comer. sented by the unstable rock fill, ex-
Feature E -This is a square to rec- A narrow passageway, probably de- cavation was stopped at a depth of
tangulmr terrace measuring 4.5 by 6? signed to deter animals, provides ac- 1.40 meter, even though the cultural
cess through the northwest side of the deposit continued below this. The
meters [_3.8 square meters]. It is
formed by a 0.5 meter high retaining enclosure. upper 0.50 meter consisted of cob-
wall on the southwest and southeast Feature A - This is a rectangular bles and boulders in point to point
sides; the remaining sides grade into terraced enclosure measuring 5.0 by contact, the constituent rocks of the
the surrounding ground level. 9.5 meters [40.7 square trtetets]. The platform. From the 0.50 meter point
north side is formed by a boulder down to the 1.40 meter mark these
The site is a permanent habitation alignment that strands to a height of fill rocks were surrounded by a cul-
complex dating from time prehistoric 0.2 meter on the north side and 0.8 rural layer consistingofadarkbrowmm
period. meter on the south side. The south [7.5YR 3/21 loam Midden remains
side is formed by a retaining wall that present included 0.7 grams of char-
islevel with the grommdsutfaceonthe coal, one shell fragment of a Hel-
northside and stands toaheightof 0.8 ci0111 . scus esararus, one mouth part
-13-
of a Scarid and one fragment of un- ters] and stands to a height of 0.8 50-10-06-18577
identified fishbone. Artifacts recov- meter.
ered include one basalt discoidal
har unerstone, a waterworn basalt Feature J -This is a rectangular Th s is a square enclosue measur-
mvunport and a fragment of worked tem. cc abutting the eas wall of the ing 15.3 by 15.3 meters [235 square
bone, all from the 0-10 centuneter site. It measures 8.2 by 15.9 meters meters]. The east and north walls are
level of the cultural laver. and stands to a height of 0.5 meter. formed by a freestanding stone wall
measuring 0.9 meter in width and
Feature C - This is a rectangular Feature S - This is a terrace mess- standing between 0.6 and 0.8 meter
terraced enclosure measuring 6.3 by uri ng 5.0 by 6.5 meters [38.6 square in height. The south and west walls
9.5 meters [50.3 square meters]. The meters] and standing to a height of are retaining walls standing to a
north side is delineated by a free- 0.60 meter. height of 0.4 meter on the inside and
standing wall standing to a height of 0.6 meter on the_ouisi e.
Th
s site is a concentration f per-
o
0.6 meter. The south side is a retain- manent habitations and associated The site may be a pernhanent habi-
ing wall that is level with the ground structures dating from the prehistoric tation enclosure dating from the re-
surface on the north side and stands pre-
surface
period. Its direct association with historic period, although its regu]ar
to a height of 1.0 meter on the south HRHP 18569, the trail used by Ellis's shape and dimensions suggest that it
side. The west side is collapsed, and companions in 1823, suggests its may be a historic stock enclosure.
the east side is formed by a retaining continued use into at least the early
wall that stands to a height of 0.6 historic period. The enclosing wall 50-10-06-18578
meter on the west side and 0.9 meter was probably built as a wild cattle
on the east side. barrier during the historic period. This is a feature complex measur-
Feature D - This is a rectangular ing 2_5 by 90 meters [1270 square
terrace measuring 3.1 by 6.6 meters meters], and containing four fea-
[ 15.5 square meters]. It is built on the tares.
dowdull side of a 1.0 meter high
bedrock outcrop, and was con-
structed by adding low, crude walls 0 2.5 5 METERS
to the remainder of the outcrop. -
Feature E -This is a rectangular 0 5 10 15 FEET
terrace measuring 3.1 by 3.8 meters I • ~ ':.'~.-.x'Y'•~^~"`
[11.1 square meters] and standing to
a height of berweenO.2 and 0.6 meter.
It is rock-filled, and there is no indi-
cation of definite surrounding walls.
Feature F - This is a rectangular
mound measuring 2.9 by 4.5 meters ! `y, h
[11.1 square meters] and standing to 5_"
a hcisht of 0.6 meter. I jd
Feature G - Taus is an oval to rec- '-a W
tangul.•tr terraced enclosure measur-
in- 6.4 by 9.7 meters [34.3 square
meters]. The surrounding stone wall
stands to a height of 0.8 meter.
Feature H - This is a rectangular
tem, ced enclosure measuring 3.7 by
6.7 meters [18.8 square meters]. It i
stands to a height of 0.4 meter on the ryY
inside and to a height of 0.6 meter on rn
the outside. r -.Y~
Feature I- This is a small rectangu-
lar enclosure attached to the sir-
rounding wall of the site. It measures 18. Plan of HRHP 18577
3.4 by 4.8 meters [13.5 square me-
-14-
BEDROCK LEDGE y%
II TaiPo
I
0 10 20 METERS
0 25 50 FEET
i
19. Plan of IIRIIP 18578
Feature A - This is a rectangular Feature C - Tlus is a rectangular revealed a cultural deposit that ex-
terraced enclosure measuring 19.6 by terrace measurvng 3.9 by 7.9 meters tended to ad epth of 0.60 meter. This
35.5 meters [624.3 square meters]. It [35.6 square meters] and standing to Z ;Park
dark brown [7.5YR 312] loam,
is constructed along, and makes use a height of O.SO meter. Two sides are the upper 0.20 meter of which con-
of, a series of low naturally occurring formed by collapsed ntairning walls, tw red angular basalt cobbles, prob
outcrop ledges on the side of a rela- the th rd side is a rock aligrnnent. ably the result of slopewash. The de-
tively steep slope. The walls are 1.8 posit produced 41.2 grams of char-
meters in width, and stand to a height Feature D - This is a rectangular coal, 1.7 grams of shell and two un-
of 0.90 meter. terraced enclosure measuring 5.4 by identified fragments of fishbone. Ar-
10.9 meters [55.6 square meters] and tifacts retrieved include nine frag-
Feature B -This is a C-shaped shel- standing to a height of O.SO meter. merits of basaltic glass, one basalt
ter measuring 1.9 by 2.9 meters [6.1 flake, one fiasment of worked bone,
square meters] and standing to a A 0.5 meter square test pit was ex- o
height of 0.40 meter. cavated to a depth of 0.70 meter. It three watenvom basalt manuports,
one coral manuport and one frae
-LS-
ment of bottle glass which came from Bence of branch coral fragments probably used asagarden area dur-
die topmost level. Radiocarbon age- [which would suggest a strictly relict ing prehistoric times.
dating produced an age of 250+/-70 ious function] indicate that it was
B.P. for a charcoal sample from the probably die residence of a high- 50-1 0-06-1 8580
40 to 50 centimeter level. ranking individual, perhaps the kono-
hiki for the area. This is an area of 45 by 65 meters
The size and complexity of the site [2415 square meters] in which are
clearly set itapan from the other per- 50-10-06-18579 found scattered modified outcrops,
manent habitations that were identi- very crude terraces and retaining
fied. Although Feature D taken alone This is an area of sloping hillside walls and small crude mounds, all of
is typical of the otherperrtianenthabi- measuring 90 by 135 meters [8024 which standtoamaximumheigh[of
tations located in the project area, it square meters] on the side of a steep 0.5 meter.
is clearly associated with the other slope from which numerous bedrock
three features to form an integral outcrops are eroding, thereby form- This site was a prehistoric garden
multi-component unit that covers an ing lobes of transported rock and soil area.
area of 1270 square meters. This is debris. Several of these appear to
several times as large as the other have been modified, and the site was
permanent habitations, and the ab-
I Earth mid Rock EtnbarWrient 220 4.60 ON LOOS
2 Earth Einbartlancnl 61 3.70 ON 0.605
3 Earth Lnbankmc t 1'.29 3.10 OE 0.50W
4 Earth Embmikiiierit 43 3.70 OE 0.50W
5 Earth Etnbankirienl 48 430 OE 0.50W
6 Earth Einbmtkmcnt 49 3.70 OE 0.60W
7 Earth Einbmlanent 123 3.70 ON O.8OS
8 Earth Embanlann4t 60 3.70 OE 0.80W
9 Earth Ernbmilonew 72 3.10 ON OAOS
10 Earth Gnbmikinent 135 3.10 ON 0.505
II Earth EinbariUnettt .73 3.70 OE 0.50W
12 Earth Embankment 42 3.70 OE 0.60W
13 Earth Entbmilonerit 51 3.70 OE LOOW
14 Earth Einbmdancnt 69 3.70 OE 0.60W
15 Earth and Rock F4tibarikntetn 28 3.70 ON LOOS
16 Earth mid Rock F ibankrncau 28 3.10 ON 0.80S
17 Earth mid Rock Etnbarikinenl 22 6.10 ON 1.505
IS Retauthtg Watt 1.8 0.90 ON 0.605
19 Retainutg Wall 18 0.90 ON 0.605
20 Retaututg Wall 14 0.90 ON O.SOS
21 EMIT mid Rock Etnbmilarient 69 3.10 0.20E 0.90W
22 Farth Ditbarilmiciit 61 3.10 OE 0.40W
23 Earth Enibmtkinatt 63 3.10 OE OAOW
24 Earth Embanlanent 39 3.70 OE 0.60W
25 Earth Frnbmilanent 23 4.60 OE 0.50W
26 Earth Enibm&nmt 27 4.60 OE 0.80W
27 Earth Embmtkmcnt 37 3.10 OE OAOW
28 Earth Einbmilannn 72 3.70 ON 0.805
29 Earth mid Rock Embmtktucnt 38 3.10 ON 0.805
30 Earth mid Rock Denn 31 1.50 0.50E OAOW
31 Earth Bcnn 100 2.10 0.30E 0.30W
32 Earth Benn 70 1.80 0.30E 0.30W
33 Earth Bem 70 3.10 0.30N 0.305
34 Earth mid Rock Embardonenl is 1.50 OE 0.60W
35 Earth and Rock Embardnnent 27 140 OE 0.60W
36 Earth Be= 29 2.40 OE 0.60W
37 Earth Berrii 39 2.70 OE 0.50W
38 Earth Benn 47 2.70 0.15E O.80W
39 Reautug Wall 7.0 1.20 0.20N 0.505
40 Rock Notmd 1.80 1.50 0.30N 0.605
41 Retambig Wall 4.30 150 0.50N 0.905
42 Earth and Rock Be= 46 2.40 0.50E 0.50W
43 Earth mid Rock Be= 20 2.10 0.20E 0.50W
44 Earth mid Rock Berm 20 2.10 0.20E 0.30W
45 Rock htomid 2.10 1.70 0.60N 0.605
46 Eroded Scction
Table 1. HRHP 18581. List of Features
-16-
riot of the feature alto two portions,
0 0.5 1htETER P
the
and represents a section of a trail,
Site 18569. The interior contains a
0 1.5 3FEET number of crude, vague aligrunents
and small terraces.
The si to is a prehistoric garden area.
The surrounding stone wall was
'~f ? probably built as a wild cattle barrier
_ I'~ 'F-1 F-3 I during the historic period.
F-2 .:Il.i1'I
!i I \
20. HRHP 18581. Feature 46, Section
0 }S l4ETEp
50-10-06-18581 extending 0.08 meter into the face of i , ! giEFT
the eroded section
This is a complex of formal agricul- Feature 3 was a linear concentra- - - ~
rural features located along LaJou tion of charcoal fragments and char-
Streaminthesoutheast portion ofthe coal stains measuring 0.36 meter in
project area. Table 1 swmnarizes the width and 0.05 meter in thickness.
features of this site, which covers an
area of 115,000 square meters. The 1 o , ZMEERS
site dates from the prehistoric period. j a a eFEU
r. . Plan of HRHP 18584
An erosional face, designated as
Feature 46, was sectioned. Two soil 50-10-06-18584
layers and three subsurface cultural
features were recorded. -
This site consists of three conti-u-
Layer I was a dark brown [7.5YR oars rectangular terraces formed by
may'
taro loam It was a cultural layer con- retaining walls constructed of
raining scattered charcoal fragments 21. Plan of HRHP 18582 aligned rocks. The site covers anarea
and the three cultural features- The of 11.7 by 18.0 meters [138.3 square
deposit was mottled in appearance, 50-10-06-18582 meters], the walls are 0.40 meter
suggesting that it had been subjected wide and stand to a height of 0.50
to disturbance, probably agricultural This is a rectangular terrace meas. meter'
in nature. tiring 1.9 by 4.3 meters [7.3 square The site is a permanent habitation
meters] and standing to a height of datin from the re
Laver II was a culturally sterile 0.40 meter. g p h star c period.
brown to dark brow-rt[7.5YR 414] 50-10-06-18585
loam The site is a temporary field shelter
dating from die prehistoric period.
Feature 1 was the eroded remains This site consists of two crude rec-
of a small informal hearth, consisting 50-1 0-06-1 8583 tangular terraces covering an area of
of a concentration of charcoal flag- 9.7 by 12.5 meters [110.2 square me-
mentsandbasalt pebbles near the stir- This is a partial enclosure covering ters], built against the east wall of
face. It measured 0.33 meter in width an area of 80 by 140 meters [7945 Site 18583. They are formed by re-
and 0.11 meter in height. A charcoal square meters], formed by a wall of tanning walls of multiple stacked and
sample produced a radiocarbon age aligned cobbles and boulders that
of 3701 -80 B.P. stacked cobbles and boulders, mostly
the latter, that measures 1.0 meter in stand to a height of 1._ meter.
Feature 2 was a pocket of charcoal width and stands to a height of 1.0 T'hese features are permanent habi-
fragments measuring 0.18 meter in meter. The south side of the feature is ta tiorts dating from the prep stor c
width and 0.15 meter in depth, and open. A retaining wall standing to a period.
height of 1.5 meter divides the inte-
-17-
0 1 2 3 METERS Island known to human burials, it
o s to FEET was Pantally dismantled to deter-
m 1 vat whether th s was the case. The
excaion revealed a large capstone
weighing several hundred pounds
covering adirt-fill
ed cavity to the
bedrock This dirt deposit was par-
_ Bally excavated to a depth of 0.50
j meter, at whhich point excavation
ceased, the gh likelihood that the
feature is a grave having been estab-
- lished,
Feature B -This is asunilarmound
to Feature A, with the same dimen-
sions,
v The feature was not disturbed, as it
probably had a similar function to
Feature A.
50-10-06-18589
This is a rectangular terrace mem-
`~'`-w'~~.`i;:S~ Y, wring 21.7 by 30.6 meters [593.0
square meters]. The retaining wall,
23. Plan of HRHP 18:85 onthe southside, is 2.1 meters wide,
level with the ground surface on the
50-10-06-18586 Feature A - Ms is a rectangular northside and standing to aheight of
stone mound measuring 1.20 by 1.80 1.2 meter on the south side. The sides
This is a rectangular stone mound meter [2.2 square meters] and stand- of the feature are formed by earth
measuring 110 by LSO meter and ing to a height of 0.60 meter. Because bents that stand to a height of 0.50
the feature's external characteristics meter. The feature sits astride a d
standing to a height of le0.50 d to see meter. if
The moun d was dismantled t resemble other structures on Hawaii watercourse, and erosion has cut
it contained a human skeleton. This
excavation revealed that the [mound 0 5 10 METERS
had been built directly on the present i_
ground surface, and that no human I 0 15 30 FEET
rema ins are present. _
The site is probably a planting w.
mound.
50-10-06-18587
This is a freestanding stone wall measuring 118 meters in length, 1.20 EARTH BERM
EARTH BERM
meter in width and standing to a
height of 1.20 meter. The north end
of the feature is deteriorated.
Thefeature'sconstructionandgood
condition suggest that it dates from
the historic period.
50-10-06-18588 ,~~~.qc~ r soon
This site consists of two features.
24. Plan of HRHP 18589
-18-
Th feature is a temporary habita-
0 1 2 3 METERS tionedating from the prehistoric pe-
0 5 10 FEET clod.
~50-10-06-18593
This is a freestanding stone wall
measuring 30 meters in length, 1.0
meter in width and standing to a
~ f y{;rt height of 1.0 meter.
'-'t - The feature's construction and
- - - - good condition suggest that it dates
from the historic period.
50-10-06-18594
This is a an area of rocky hillside
measuring 60 by 125 metes [4700
square metes]. Numerous modified
outcrops and small crude retaining
Wit: V_r walls are present.
The site is an informal garden area
dating from the prehistoric period.
I
0 1 2 3 METERS
25. Plan of HRHP 18590 0 Ito FEET
away a small section at the center of The feature's constructionand good
the retaining wall. condition suggest that it dates from
the historic period,
The site is probably a permanent
habitation dating from the prehistoric j
period. Its relatively large size sug- o l $Irv
Bests that it may have been the rest- j - - ~y
dente of a high-status individual.
50-10-06-18590
27. Plan of HRHP 18595
.i
This is a roughly square terraced
enclosure measuring 10.2 by 10.6 50-10-06-18595
metes [94.2 square metes]. The sur-
round ing multiple-stacked stone wall
* I This is an ED-shaped sheltermeas-
measures between 1.1 and 1.8 meter Laing 4.9 by 5.2 metes and standing
in width and stands to a maximtrn ~":,-~\~.y, to a height of 0.30 meter.
height of 1.2 meter.
• ` °i The feature is a temporary habita-
The site is a permanent habitation 26. Plan of HRHP 18592 tion dating from the prehistoric pe-
dating from the prehistoric period. riod.
50-10-06-18591 50-10-06-18592 50-10-06-18596
This is a freestanding stone wall This is an oval terrace measuring This is a retaining wall measuring
measuring 9.1 metes in ]ettgth, 1.20 3.9 by 6.5 metes [19.3 square me- 1.20 by 2.70 metes and standing to
meter in width and standing to a tes] and standing to a height of 0.90 a height of 0.30 meter on the north
height of 1.10 meter. meter. It is constructed against a bed- side and 0.60meteronthe south side.
rock outcrop.
-19-
0.30 teeter on the east side and 0.50 void of non-agricultural features. It
- meter on the west side. covers an area of about 50 acres.
R Tlne featwe is anartimal barrier dat- Tem or ry Habitation
ing from the prehistoric; period.
HRHP 18567, 18552, 18592,
f?', 50-10-06-18601 18595 and 18596 were recorded as
temporary habitations. These were
This is a an area of rock hillside probably used only occasionally by
y tending their
measuring 25 by 70 meters [1470 people e fields.
28. Plan of HRHP 18596 square meters]. Ntrnerous modified Permanent Habitation
outcrops and small crude retaining
The structure is a temporary field walls are present. Detached
shelter dating from the prehistoric pe- The site is an unforma[ garden area Elevensites [HRHP 18564, 18566,
riod.. dating from the prehistoric period. 18570, 18571,18573, 18574, 18578,
18584, 18585, 18589 and 18590] re-
50-10-06-18597 VI. DISCUSSION corded as habitations are detached,
Distribution with no close association to other
This is a retaining wall measuring similar features. They range in area
33.7 meters in length, 0.90 meter in Inspection of the distribution of the from 20 to 1270 square meters, al-
widthand standing to a height of 0.20 archaeological sites and the nature of though if HRHP 18578 and 18589
meter on the north side and 0.60 me- the terrain allows division of the sur- [possible chiefly residences] are ex-
ter out the south side. vey area into three distinct zones. cepted, the range is a more moderate
20 to 120 square meters. All except
The feature may be a section of the The tipper section consists of the HRiIP 18566 and HRHP 18578,
trail, Site 18569, although its location higher elevation grasslands, covering which are in the upper section, are
is somewhat askew for that function. an area of about 145 acres, where situated in the middle section of the
It may also be an animal barrier. In sites are few and isolated. Twelve project area.
either case, it dates from the prehis- sites, comprising 22 archaeological
toric period. features, are present. These include Permanent Habitations
three agricultural complexes [HIZHP Clustered e
t r d
50-10-06-18598 18558, 18565 and 18579], two walls -
or alignments [HRHP 18559 and Two large concentrations of fea-
This is a meandering stone wall 18563], two animal pens [HRF-IP ores defined by the presence of a
measuring 368 meters in length and 18561 and 185621, three permanent surrounding wall [HRHP 18572 and
1.2 meter in width It varies between habitations [HRHP 18560,18563 and 18576] were found. HRHP 18572
0.20 and 0.50 meter in height on the 18566], one temporary field shelter covers an area of 9260 square meters
north and east sides, and between [I RHP 185671 and one possible resi- and includes seven features, which
0.50 and 0.90 meter on the south and dente of a konohiki [HRHP 18578]. range in area from 28 to 123 square
west sides. The middl meters. HRHP 18576 covers an area
e section codes an area 7950 square metes and includes
The site is or animal barrier datino about 55 acres where tine terrain is of tenfeatures whichrange in area from
from tine historic period. V rockier and the sites are denser. Sites I 1 to 63 square metes. Both of these
are predominantly permanent habits- located in the middle section of
50-10-06-18599 bons including individual occur- are
rences [HRHP 18570, 18571, 18573, the project area.
This is a roughly square stone 18574, 18589 and 18590] as well as Additionally, two small clusters of
mound measuring 2.1 by 2.7 meters site complexes [HRHP 18572, habitation features without an asso-
and standing to a height of 0.50 me- 18575, 18576, 18584 and 185851. ciated surrounding wall were found
ter. Two sites have been identified as [HRHP 18560 and 185751. HRHP
temporary field shelters [HRHP 18560 includes six features and cov-
The feature is a planting mound dat- 18595 and 18596]. HRHP 18569, the ers an area of 960 square meters. It is
ing from the prehistoric period. trail, ens the length of the middle an isolated household located in the
50-10-06-18600 section and lints tine habitations to upper section of the survey area, at
one another. the extreme west end. HRHP 18575
The lower section is flat and rela- covers an area of 560 square meters
ing This 29.0 a metes in lenfreestanding wall mea and includes five features. It is lo-
gth 0.90 meter r Lively clear of rocks, and almost de- cated in the middle section of the
in width, and standing to a height of project area, and is separated from
-20-
J
SITE TYPE Length Width Height A B C D E NLS NS
18558 Agricultural Canplex
A Eanh Benn 88 3.10 0.30 x
B Earth Renn 102 2.40 0.50 x
C Earth and Ruck Berm 65 1.80 0.60 x
18559 Retaining IVall 1.80 0.60 0.60 x
18560 habitation Complex x
A Freestanding R'211 12.20 0.90 0.80 x
B Aligmnent 0.70 23.60 O.RO x
C Retaining Will 5.30 1.20 0.70 x
D Stone Alomd 2.10 0.90 0.80 x
E Terraced Area 5.20 4.20 0.60 x
F Aligmnent 32.00 0.80 0.70 x -
18561 Enclosure 70 0.80 0.60 x
18562 Enclosure 91 0.90 0.70 x
18563 Retaining Wail 2.50 1.65 1.00 x
18564 Enclusum 15.20 14.90 0.60 x
18565 Ganlen Area 50 4.5 x
18566 E•ncimure 11.70 10.40 0.70 x x
18567 Fickl Shelter 2.40 1.70 0.60 x
15568 Wall Complex 100 50 1.00 x
18569 Trail 1175 3.00 0.90 x x x x
18570 Temeed Enclosure 14.70 9.50 0.60 x
]8571 Terraced Enclosure 4.50 4.50 0.RO x
18572 Habitation Complex 117 105 0.90 x x
A Terrace-like Area 14.30 4.60 0.90 x x
B Terrace-like Area 10.10 5.10 0.80 x x
C Slneher 8.20 4.60 0.80 x x
D Shcher 9.90 5.Ou 0.70 x x
E Aligmnent 13.70 9.80 0.60 x x
F Enclosure 14.10 8.80 0.80 x x
G Terraced Fricimure 6.40 5.20 0.60 x x
II Retaining Wall 4.30 0.75 0.40 x x
18573 Terraced Enclosure 8.30 4.60 0.60 x
18574 Terraced Enclosure 12.30 8.50 0.60 x
18575 llabitntion CanPlex 50 20 x x
A Terraced Enclosure 13.70 10.80 1.00 x
B Terraced Enclosure 8.30 5.50 0.50 x
C Terrace 9.90 4.10 0.50 x
D Terrace 5.90 3.90 0.$0 x
E Terrace 6.20 4.50 050 x
18576 Habitation Complex 112 77 x x
A Terraced Enclosure, 9.50 5.(81 0.80 x
D Platform 8.30 7.90 1.50 x
C Terraced Enclosure 9.50 6.30 1.00 x
D Terrace 6.60 3.10 0.50 x
E Terrace 3.80 3.10 0.60 x
F Mound 4.50 2.90 0.50 x
G Terraced Enclosure 9.70 6.40 0.80 x
11 Terraced Enclosure 6.70 3.70 0.60 x
I Enclosure 4.80 3.40 0.80 x
J Terrace 15.90 8.20 0.50 x
K Terrace 6.5 S.0 0.60 x
18577 Enclosure 15.30 15.30 0.80 x
SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA
A - Association mith Ihmd Patterns of Ilistory
D - Association stills Significant Persons
C - Excellent Example of a Site Tempe
D - Contains Important Infornm6on on Prehistory or Ilistory
E - Culturally Significant to an Ethnic Group
F - Provisionally Significant, Furtber Work Needed to CoMrrn Significance
NLS - No Longer SigninC211t, Sullieienl Infummlion has Been Recovered
NS - Not Significant
Table 2. Sites and Significance Assessments
-21-
SITE TYPE Length Width Height A B C D E hZS NS
18578 Site complex 90 25
A Terraced Enclosure 3X.5 19.6 0.90 X
B Shelter 2.90 1.90 0.40 X
C Terrace 7.90 3.90 0.80 X
D Terraced Enclosure 10.90 5.40 0.80 x
18579 Ganlen Area 135 90 X
18580 Ganlen Area 64 43 x
18581 Agricultural Complex 72 20 X X
18582 Terrace 4.30 1.90 0.40 X
18583 Ganlen Area 140 so 1.00 X x
18584 Three Terraces 18.0 11.7 0.50 X
18585 Ttro Terraces 12.50 9.70 1.20 X
18566 Mound 1.80 1.20 0.50 X
18587 Freestanding Wall 118 1.20 1.20 X
16588 X X
A Pmbahle Burial Mmmd I.NO 1.20 0.60 X X
- B Possible Burial Motmd 1.80 1.20 0.40 X X
78589 Terrace 30.60 21.70 1.20 X
18590 Terraced Enclosure 10.60 1(1.20 1.10 X
18:91 Freestanding Wall 9.10 1.20 1.10 X
18592 Terrace 6.50 3.90 0.90 X
18593 Freestanding Wall 30.00 1.03 1.00 X
18594 Ganlen Area 125 60 X
16595 Shelter 5.20 4.90 "o X
18596 Shelter 2.70 1.20 0.60 X
18597 Retaining Wall 34.7 0.9o 0.60 X
1X598 Wait 368 1.20 0.90 X
18599 Mound 2.70 2.10 0.50 X
18600 Freestanding %VaB 29.00 0.90 0.50 X
18601 Ganlen Area 70 25 X
Table 2. Sites and Significance Assessments
HRHP 18576 by a narrow, steep lnarily berms and embankments of fled as mounds. The 41 berms taken
gully. earth and of earth and rock, although as a group range between 15 and 220
some of the infomlal sorts of features meters in length, with an average
Craves are present. Site 18558 is located on length of about 50 meters. They
One site, HRHP 18588, contains the relatively gentler and grassier range between 1.50 and 6.10 meters
two small mounds, one of which was slopes in the northwest comer of the in width and are as high as 1.50 me-
identified through excavation as a project area. It comprises one earth ter, although most are less than 0.80
probable grave. The second mound is and rock berm and two earth berg, meter in height. The thirteen earth
included in this category because of and covers an area of approximately and rock bamsrange from 15 to 220
its similarity to, and association with, 19,000 square meters. The berms meters in length and average 48 me-
the first. range between 65 and 102 meters in tees, range from 1.50 to 6.10 meter in
length, and are between 1.80 and 3.10 width and stand to 1.50 meter in
A-ricultural Sites meters in width and stand to heights height, although most are less than
of between 0.30 and 0.60 meter. The 1.0 meter high. The 28 earth berms
Ten sites were identified as agricul- remaining agricultural complex, range between 23 and 135 meters in
tural. These comprise 45 individually HRHP 18581, is by far the largest. It length and average 64 meters, range
recorded features and cover all area of comprises 44 individual features and from 1.80 to 4.60 meter in width and
about 164,000 square meters. Seven covers an area of approximately stand to a height of 1.0 meter, al-
of these [HRHP 18565, 18579, 117,800 square meters. The greatest though most are less than 0.80 meter
18580, 18583, 18586, 18594, 18599 pan of this site lies on the flat natural high
and 18601] consist of suchinfonnal terrace alongside LanikepuGulch, al-
eardenfeatres as modified outcrops, though at the east end of the si The fair mounds are rather infor-
short lengths of low retaining walls f te some
eatures are found on steeper glassy mal features, and range between 1.2
and crude mounds. These particular slopes. and 2.10 meters in length and stand
sites are located on the steeper and to heights of between 0.30 and 0.60
rockier slopes of the project area and Of the fifty-three agricultural fea- meter.
cover an area of about 27,000 square noes, 13 were identified as earth and
meters. The other two sites [HRHP rock benns, 28 were identified as The eight retaining walls range be-
18558 and 18581] include more for- earth berms, eight were identified as tween4.30 and 34.7 meters inlength.
anal sorts of agricultural feanres, pri- retaining walls, and fair were identi- In width these features range from
rape Length 1 t etg [ rea
19:60 Habitation Cotuplcx 46 38 530
A Freestanding Wall L 1'_.20 0.90 0.80
D Alignment L 0.70 23.60 0.80
C Retaining Wall L 5.30 1.20 0.70
D Stone 6lound R 2.10 0.90 0.80 2.0
E Terraced Area S c 20 20 0.60 222
F Alignment L 32.00 0.80 0.70
18564 Enclosure S 15.20 14.90 0.50 152.0
18570 Terraced Enclosure O.R 14.70 9.50 0.60 120.2
18571 Terraced Enclosure R 4.50 450 19.7
18572 Walled Habitation Cauplex 117 105 9260
A Terrace-like Arca R 1430 4.60 0.90 563
B Terrace-8ke Area R 10.10 5.10 0.80 45.6
C Shelter F 8.20 4.60 0.80 34.5
D Shelter E 9.90 5.00 0.70 42.5
E Alignment 11 13.70 9.80 0.60
F Enclosure R 14.10 8.80 0.80 103.9
G Terraced Enclosure S-O 6.40 5.20 0.60 28.4
It Retaining Wall L 430 0.75 0.40
18573 Terrace) Enclosure R 830 4.60 0.60 32.6
18574 Terraced Enclosure O-R 1230 850 0.80 823
18575 119bit2tion Complex s0 20 460
A Terraced Enclosure S-R 13.70 10.80 1.00 1243
B Terraced Enclosure R 830 550 0.50 39.7
C Terrace R 9.90 4.00 0.50 413
D Terrace R 5.90 3.90 0.50 20.4
E Terrace S-R 6.20 450 OSO 23.8
18576 Walled IIabitation Connplex 112 77 7 7950
A Terraced Enclosure R 9.50 5.00 0.80 40.7
R Plalror6l S 830 7.90 1S0 62.7
C Terraced Enclosure R 930 630 1.00 503
D Terrace R 6.60 3.10 0.50 15.5
E Terrace R 3.80 3.10 0.60 11.1
F Mound R 4.50 2.90 0.50 11.1
G Terraced Enclosure O-R 9.70 6.40 0.80 443
11 1'erraccrl Enclosure R 6.70 3.70 0.60 18.8
I Enclosure R 4.80 3.40 0.80 14.5
J Terrace It 15.90 820 0.50 633
K Terrace 6.5 5.0 0.60 28.6
18578 Habitation Canplex 90 25 1270
A Terraced Encimure R 38.5 19.6 0.90 6243
B Shelter C 2.90 1.90 0.40 6.1
C Terrace R 7.90 3.90 0.80 35.6
D Terraced Enclosure R 10.90 5.40 0.80 55.6
18584 't'hree Terraces 18.0 11.7 0.50 1383
18585 Two Terraces 12.50 9.70 120 1102
18589 Terrace R 30.60 21.70 120 593.0
18590 Terraced Enclosure S 10.60 10.20 120 942
S - Square
0 - Owl
R - Rectangular
E - E0-Shape
C - C-Shape
L - Linear
Table 3. Summary of Permanent Habitations
0.60 to 1.50meter, although most are In addition to the surrounding walls with the exception of HRHP 18577,
about 1.0 meter wide. They stand to a of habitation sites HRHP 18572 and which may be a stock pen, all are
heightofl.Ometer, although most are 18576andgardenarea HRHP18583, linear features apparently designed
around 0.60 meter high. seven sites WHP 18561, 18562, as barriers rather than pens.
18568, 18577, 18597, 18598 and
Trail 18600] probably functioned as ani- Freestanding Walk
A single trail [HRHP 185691 was 'I barriers. Two of these [HRHP Three well-built freestanding walls
recorded. 18561 and 18562] are located in the SIP 18587, 18591 and 185933
open, upper section of the project were recorded. They are consistently
Animal Barriers area, and may represent animal pens. about 1.0 to 1.2 meters in both width
The remainderare located in the mid- and height, and range from just 9.1
dle section of the project area, and meters in length to 118 meters. By
-23-
their construct ion technique and state with the subsequent population VII. SIGNIFICANCE
of preservation, they resemble his- growth eventually producing a west-
toric period boundary walls corn- erly movement of habitation into the All of these sites are significant be-
monly found island-wide. previously less-favored rock), slopes cause they contain important infor-
above the alluvial strewn flats hn the mation on prehistory or history.
Miscellaneous present project area. They are of added significance be-
cause many undoubtedly include
Two sites were recorded, all in the A tentative interpretation of the valuable infomnation about the early
upper section of the project area, for place of the presentproject area in the nineteenth century, which was a
whichno readily available interpreta- development of the Waunea archae- critical transition period between
Lions come to mind. HRHP 18559 is ological sequence is as follows. Ham- prehistoric and historic times.
a small crude retaining wall, and nurtanndShideler[19S'J]indicate that _ HRHP 18563 is a short length of re- agricultural exploitation probably be- Five sites are additionally signnif-
can as excellent examples of site
tarrung wall constructed across a gm in the Thirteenth Cenntry, and
small gay proceeded from a relatively informal types. I_nn 16575 is an excellent
effort [Planting mounds along Lam- example of an unwalled habitation
,Age of the Sites ° site, HRHP 18572 and HRHP 18576
kepu Stream] to more formal
The four radiocarbon age determi- bounded fields by the middle of the are excellent examples of walled
nations place the utilization of the Fifteenth Century. The strearnside habitation areas, HRHP 18583 is an
dated remains squarely in the later terraces of HRHP 18581 probably excellent example of a walled garden
period of the prehistoric Waimea se- date from this latter period. Hammatt area, and HRHP 18581 is an excel-
quence,when the aViculruralsystem and Shideler's investigations also lent example of a dryland agricul-
was expanding and reaching its maxi- suesested that the fist penranent tutral system
mum extent. Clark- has observed that habitations were along Lanikepu HRHP 18569, the trail, is si<gnifn-
"W7tile the population was undoubt- Scream in the early Fifteenth Century cant fonnultiple criteria. In addition
edly growing during the 1500s, it and continued into the late Eighteenth to being significant for its infomu-
was,nevertheless, small. The mmtiber Century. The late rad iocarbon ages of tion content, it is significant cant for its
of sites dating to the 1600s and 1700s habitations in the present project area association with significant persons
is significantly higher than from the suggest that their beginnings prob- [John Young William Ellis and his
preceding two centuries, suggesting a ably don't go back much further than companions, and numerous major
marked population increase" [Clark the beginning of the Seventeenth figures in early Waimea history], its
1987: 176]. Century. The equivalent age of the association with broad patterns of
possible konohiki residence [HRHP history coastal-inland commtrtica-
Two researchers who conducted re- 18578] suggests that the. impact of the tion, especially during the ead
cent
cent investigations across Lanikepu developing Hawaiian state was bein y his-
from the present project area g tonic period because it is an excel-
felt locally at this time. There is clear lent example of a site
presented a scheme suggesting that evidence that at least some habita- type, and be
the earliest utilization of the Waimea lions continued to occupied into cause it is culturally significant to
area had been at the lower elevations historic times. Their ir situation along persons of Hawaiian descent.
[between 2,000 and 2,300 feet], the major inland-coastal trail [HRHP One site, 14RBP 18588, contains
which they considered "...a preferred 18569], which was a principal trans- two burial features which ar- -ultur-
locale for early agricultural endeavor portation corridor well into the Nine- ally significant to persons of i-iawai-
in the area" [Harruna rt and Shideler teenth Cenntry, may account for this ran descent.
1989: 49], and that agricultural ex- continued occupation-']he constmc-
patnsionhad proceeded in an easterly tion of animal barriers to resist the References
fashion. An incautious evaluation of predations of wild cattle represents Anonymous
the radiocarbon age of 370+/-80 B.P.
the major historic period modifica-
forahearthintheagricultural terraces tion of sites in the project area, and 1893 "Explanation of Land His-
adjacent to Lanrkepu Stream in the the absence of such barriers at other tory." Hawaii Holontua,
present project area [1RIP 18581, sires indicates that they did not last as May 13. Translation by M.
Feature 46] would suggest a conflict long. This is of especial note with K. Pukui in Hawaiian Eth-
with theirposition. However, the ter- regard to HRHP 15581, where the nognphic Notes, Bernice
racesofF= 18581 couldverywell saggestionisquitestrongthatutiliza- P. Bishop Museum Library.
date from an earlier period thin that lion of the major agriculnrl retraces
represented by the age of the hearth, in particular did not persist into his- Barren, William M. Jr., and
which was a near-surface feature. toric times. Marion Kelly
And it would still be reasonable to 1974 Archaeological and His-
postulate the earliest agriculture in torical Surveys of the
this area with expansion to the east,
Waimea to Kawaihae Road
-24-
Corridor, Island of Hawaii. 1987 WaimeHa-Kawaihae, A Lee- Hammitt, Ha7d
Bernice P. Bishop Museum ward awaii Settlement Bortln vi'c anDepartment of Anthropol- System. PhD. Thesis, Uni- 1988 Inteogy Report Series No. 74-1. versity of lllinois. Urbana. SurvHonolulu. and Patrick V. Kirch PropBarrere,Dorothy B. 1983 Archaeological Investiga- Houselots, Unit 2: La-
1983 "Report 2: Notes on the tions of the Mudlane- lamilo: South Kohala, Ha-
Lands of Waimea and Waimea-Kawaihae Road waii. Cultural Surveys
Kawaihae." In: Clark and Corridor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii. Honolulu.
Kirch 1983, pp. 25-38. An Interdisciplinary Study Hammatt, Hallett H. and David
Bonk, William J. of an Environmental Tran- Shideler
sect. Bernice P. Bishop Mu- 1989 Archaeological Investiga-
1985a An Archaeological Survey seum Department of tionsatKaLaLoaSubdhi-
in Portions of Waikoloa, Anthropology. Honolulu.
Pu'ukapu and Ouli, District sign, Lalamilo, South
of South Kohala, Hawaii. Committee Report Kohala, Hawaii. Cultural
University of Hawaii at 1830 "Committee Report on the Surveys Hawaii. Honolulu.
Hilo. District of Waimea." Type- Judd, Bernice
1985b An Archaeological Survey script in Hawaiian Mission 1932 "Early Days of Waymea,
in the Waimea-Paauilo VI'x- Children's Society Library,
Hawaii." Hawaiian His-
tershed Area of Portions of Honolulu. torical Society, 40th An-
the Districts of South Ko- Cordy, Ross nual Report for the Year,
hala and Hamakua, County 1989 Additional Archival and Ar- 1931.
of Hawaii, Hawaii. Papers chaeologicalInformation on Kam, Wendell W. S.
inEthnic andCulnrralStud- a Portion of the Waimea
ics 85-3. University of Ha- 1983 Staff Reconnaissance,
Field System, Waimea Waimea Homesteads,
waii at Hilo. Area, South Kohala, Ha-
South Kohala, Hawaii,
1989 An Archaeological Recon- wai'i Island. Historic Pres- TMK: 6-5-07:2. State of
naissance Survey in a Por- ervation Division. Hawaii, Department of
tion of Wai'aka, South Honolulu. Land and Natural Re-
Kohala, Hawaii. University Ellis, William sources, Division of State
of Hawaii at Hilo. Parks
1963 Joannal of Willimn Ellis.
Ching, Francis K. W. Advertiser Publishing Co., Land Board
[Board of Commis-
1979 Archaeological Reconnais- Ltd. Honolulu, sioners to Quiet Land Titles]
sance of the Proposed La- Fragments... 1846-5Native and Foreign Regis-
larnilo Agricultural Park, tens [NR/FR]; Native and
TMK: 6-6-01:2 (Portion), of fFragnients: House oFjJudd.mutlvRPrievaately
tely
Lalamilo, Kohala, Hawaii jHouse Foreign Testimony
Prated, Honolulu. rc]; Award Books.
Island. ARCH 14-163. Ar- Archives of Hawaii.
chaeological Research Cen- Hammitt, Hallett H. and Douglas
ter Hawaii, Inc. Lawai, Borthwick McEldowney,Holly
Kauai. 1986 Archaeological Rcconnais- 1991 Field Check of Pastoral Lot
Clark, Jeffrey T. smite of SO acres for Pro- #100, Awarded to Mr.
James Akiona, Hawaiian
1981 Archaeological Survey of posed Lalamilo Houselots,
Subditision Unit 2: La- Home Lands, Puukapu,
the Proposed Lalamilo Ag- South Kohala, Hawaii,
ricultural Park, South Ko- ii'lanii. l.l.. South Kohala, Ha-
hala, Island of Hawaii. Cultural Surveys T6'1K: 6-4-04: 47. Memo-
Hawaii. Honolulu. randum to Ross Cordy.
Bernice P. Bishop Museum, State Historic Preservation
Department of Anthropol- Division. Honolulu.
ogy. Honolulu.
-25-
Neller, Earl, and Patricia E. Beg- 6-5-09:25 and 26, Situated Thompson, Linda W., and Paul H.
gerly at Waimea Homesteads, Rosendahl
1980 An Archaeological Recon- South Kohala, Hawaii 1991 Archaeological Inventory
naissance of the Rare of [Letter Report]. Kilo'Aina. Survey, Potential Sites for
Proposed Improvements to Smith, Marc North Hawaii Community
the Lalnmilo-Pu'ukapu Irri- Hospital, Lands of Waik-
gation System, Waimea, Ha- 1991 Field Inspection of Parcel oloa, Pu'ukapu, and La-
waii. State Historic TMK 3-6-5-01: 32, Waiau, lamilo, South Kohala
Preservation Office. Hono- Waimea, South Kohala, Ha- District, Island of Hawaii
lulu. waii Island. Memorandum [TIdK: 6-7-02: 13, 17; 6-
Perambulator to Ross Cordy. State His- 7-03:11; 6-8-01: 1,21.Paul _
toric Preservation Division. H Rosendahl Ph.D., Inc.
1936 "Waimea." Sandwich Is- Honolulu. Hilo.
lands Gazette. September S encer,AlanC-
10, p. 2, col. 3 P USDA Soil Conservation Service
Rosendahl, Paul H. 1989 Archeological Investiga- 1973 Soil Survey of Island of Ha-
tions of the Lalamilo Agri- waii, State of Hawaii. [in
1985 Archaeological Reconnais- cultural Addition Irrigation cooperation with Univer-
sance Survey Kawaihae Pipeline Corridor and the siry of Hawaii Agricultural
Reservoir No. 1 Site, La- Livestock Water distribu- Experiment Station U. S.
lamilo, South Kohala, Ha- tion System and Manage- Government Printing Of-
wai i. Paul H. Rosendahl Inc. ment Area, Waimea Paauilo fice. Washington, D. C.
Kurtistown,Hawaii. Watershed, Hawaii County,
Vancouver, George
Soehren, Lloyd J. Hawaii. Soil Conservation
Service. Portland, Oregon. 1801 A Voyage of Discovery to
1981 Archaeological and Historic the North Pacific Ocean...
Features on the Parcels Stockdale. London.
Identified by Tax Map Keys
-6-
SITE NUMBER DEPTH TYPE MATERIAL Length width Thickness
18575-A 1 30-40 MANUPORT CORAL - - 0.98 - - 0.83 0.45
2 50-60 MANUPORT CORAL 2.24 1.91 1.39
3 60-70 AIANUPORT CORAL 1.42 1.05 0.63
18576-D 1 11.0-10 HAMMERSTONE BASALT 7.33 73 4.91
2 11.0-10 MANUPORT WATERWORN BASALT 433 2.89 2.01
3 11.010 WORKED BONE BONE 1.60 0.31 0.09
18578-D 1 020 SHERD BOTTLEGLASS 2.29 1.35 0.44
2 020 FLAKE- BASALTIC GLASS 1.05 0.99 I 0.20
3 020 FLAKE BASALTIC GLASS 1.51 1.40 0.43
4 020 FLAKE BASALTIC GLASS 0.95 0.62 0.25
5 020 FLAKE BASALT 1.22 0.78 0.26
6 020 WORKED BONE BONE 0.74 0.70 0.18
7 2030 FLAKE BASALTIC GLASS 1.15 0.98 0.28
8 2030 MANUPORT WATERWORN BASALT 5.94 3.86 2.08
9 2030 NIANUPORT WATERWORN BASALT 7.74 4.00 0.84
10 3040 FLAKE BASALTIC GLASS 1.220 1.02 0.26
11 3040 FLAKE BASALTIC GLASS 1.48 1.01 0.18
12 3040 FLAKE BASALTIC GLASS 1.66 1.55 0.28
U 3010 FLAKE BASALTIC GLASS 1.39 1.15 0.46
14 3040 FLAKE BASALTIC GLASS 0.76 0.65 0.64
IS 3040 MANUPORT CORAL 1.54 1.49 1.32
16 3040 NIANUPORT WATERWORN BASALT 6.16 4.43 3.24
Table 4. List of Artifacts
-17-
C7mrcoal fpm.] ileurties moluccaw fpt ] 1 Fi9tbwc Shell igms.l
18560. Feature .A I 5.5
0.8
18573, Feature E OS
1 1
18575. Fcattu'e A - 1
4li 1
15-301 T9 1
30-401 16.5
4450 28.3 1
50-601 54.1 1
6470 22A
70-801 5.9
I
18576, Feature A I 1 1 1
4101 0.8 1 1
14201 1.8 0.3
2430 0.7 0-5
34401 0.1
44501 0.1 1
54601 0.3 1
1 I
18576. Fcuture 11
4101 0.2 1
10-201 0.1
20-301 0.1 2.0
34501 I Scaridw
5460 1 UludentiLcd
to-701 0.2 1
18578, Featttre U
0.201 13.7 0.7
20-301 128 0.6
30-40 10.1
44501 5.8 1 1 Unidcutlfied 0.3
Table 5. Midden Remains
_~g_
0 100 200 300 METERS
11 0 500 1000 FEET
j ~
SMALL NUMBERS AND DASHED LINES ARE FEATURES OF HRHP 18581
~i
18580
18579 \
\18578 18595 18596
!o 0
18591 18592 \
.
00
18589'
18596 185900 <\18~93
•
18588
18583
18569
18569
18586
585 O 18601
8584
18587
I
i
iJ
f
EXHIBIT "C"
SURVEY OF FLORA
Earthwatch, Environmental Investigators
SURVEY OF FLORA AND FAUNA FOR PARKER RANCH LANDS
LAND USE CHANGE PETITION
WAIMEA, HAWAII
prepared by
Erin K. Hall
Earthwatch, Environmental Resource Investigators
Honolulu, Hawaii
Fore
Mauna Lani Resort, Inc.
Kawaihae, Hawaii
March 1985
SURVEY OF VEGETATION FOR PARKER RANCH LANDS
LAND USE CHANGE PETITION
WAIMEA, HAWAII
INTRODUCTION
The proposed land use change involves about 600 acres of
land which is currently zoned for agriculture. Areas I and II
comprise approximately 255 acres between Kuhic Village and the
Waimea airport; Area III, approximately 130 acres, lies west of
the airport; Area IV occupies approximately 190 acres between
Kawaihae Road and Kohala Road. Construction will require clearing
of most of the vegetation in Areas I, II and III, and in the
southern portion of Area IV. This document summarizes the
findings of a baseline survey made of the flora in the proposed
project area by Earthwatch, a Honolulu-based consulting firm.
Surveys were conducted on March 1, 2 and 3, 1985 by Erin M. Hall,
ecologist and Evangeline Funk, botanist. The primary objectives
of this study were to survey and describe the existing vegetation
types, to inventory the flora, and to look for any listed or
proposed endangered plant species, in order to assess the impact
of development on the existing flora. Survey methods and
findings are summarized in the following report submitted to
Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. for use in preparation of a land use
change petition.
METHODOLOGY
Available maps and aerial photographs were examined prior to
the field survey in order to gain familiarity with the study
areas. A walk-through reconnaissance-level field survey was
conducted of Areas I, II, III and IV. Since Areas I and II were
contiguous and the boundary was difficult to distinguish in the
field, these two areas are referred to in this text as Area I/II.
Vegetation patterns and associations, floristic composition,
vegetative structure, and relative cover and abundance were
evaluated subjectively in the field. Plant species observed were
recorded (Appendix--Plant Species Checklist) and those which
could not be verified positively in the field were collected for
subsequent identification at the University of Hawaii Botany
Department. After field surveys were completed, all data were
1
synthesized into the checklist, and written summaries were
prepared. Evaluations were made of the significance of findings
and the potential impacts of development upon the flora of the
project area.
RESULTS OF THE VEGETATION SURVEY
Results of the botanical field survey are consistent with
the long use of the land as pasture for cattle. Of approximately
113 different plant species observed, over 100 were exotic
species. The predominant species is kikuyu grass (Pennisetus
clandestinus) which was first planted on Parker Ranch lands in
1935 (Kimura,1985). Many of the adventitious species observed in
the pastures were probably introduced in the early 1900's when
Parker Ranch imported a variety of Midwestern grass seeds to
increase the nutritive value of the pastures. From 1900 to 1940
various high-grain protein grasses were broadcast over pasture
lands and the resulting grain fields were noted for their
resemblance to those in Kentucky, Texas, and Oklahoma. According
to Mr. Hisao Kimura, retired Parker Ranch worker, after winter
rains the grain fields grew so tall that they often obscured the
roads. Occasionally these grains can still be observed when
rains follow a prolonged drought period such as that in 1984,
causing dormant seeds to germinate through dried kikuyu grass.
These species are quickly sought out by the cattle, however, and
only a few, e.g. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and alfalfa
(Hedicago sativa) were observed at the time of survey. One of
the earliest plantings of kikuyu grass took place in 1935.
Within a few years kikuyu crowded out most other pasture grasses.
Planting kikuyu grass was done partly to help choke out some of
the undesirable weeds, and that purpose was accomplished-in
areas of kikuyu pasture few other species grow, weedy or native.
Area I/II is predominately kikuyu grass; Areas III and IV have a
greater diversity of species, though they are also used as
pasture. These areas are described in greater detail below.
Area 1/11- Located behind the Parker Ranch Shc.pping
Center, between Kuhic Village and the airport landing strip, this
area consists of Kikuyu grass pastures. The kikuyu grass forms
dense mats which crowd out other species except in locations near
existing structures such as walls, corrals or fences, and in some
rocky outcrops. The topography in general is characterized by
gently rolling hills with a few shallow ravines and rocky knolls.
The kikuyu grass forms dense mats of vegetation which crowd out
most other species except in locations near existing structures
such as walls, corrals or fences, or atop rocky knolls. Few
trees were observed in this area except around buildings, end in
the eucalyptus grove southwest of the shopping center. Two
native species were observed occasionally in areas of sparse
kikuyu cover: blue-seeded portulaca (Portulaca cyanosperea) and
hard-stemmed bluegrass (Eragrostis atripioides). Neither of
these endemic species is considered rare or endangered.
2
Area III. Located to the west of and across the highway
from the Waimea airfield, this area is also utilized as pasture
but does not have the dense kikuyu cover of Area I/II. The
southern portion of the area is characterized by open scrub
grassland. Pa-nini (Opuntia segacantha), 'akia (Nikstroesia
sp.) and ilima (Sida spp.) shrubs are found commonly throughout
this vegetation cover type. Grasses include feathery pennisetum
(Pennisetus setosus), natal redtop (Rhyncheletrus repens) and
Eragrostis sp., with kikuyu grass also occuring in some sections.
Small forbs such as filaree (Erodius cicutarius), wild mustard
(Brassica cospestrus), keeled goosefoot (Chenopodius carinatus)
and wild peppergrass (Lepidius virginicus) are typical of this
cover type. Most of the species observed within this cover type
are exotic weeds and grasses. Native species observed include
two endemic species, a'ali'i (Dodonaea sandwicensis) and 'akia
(Nikstroesia sp.) and two indigenous species, 'ilima (Sida sp)
and hi'aloha (Maltheria indica var asericana); only one a'ali'i
shrub was observed, but the other native species occurred
commonly throughout Area III.
The northern portion of Area III is characterized by an open
woodland, primarily eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) and pine (Pinus
sp.), with understory species being very similar to those found
in the open scrub grassland. Mr. Kimura indicated that Parker
Ranch had its own reforestation program in the early and mid-
1900's, principally for experimentation in growing wood for
fenceposts. This area near the airport served as a research plot
for selection of varieties to decide which trees would be best
adapted to the climate, grow fastest, etc. At the time of
survey this area was serving as pasture for horses. Skeletal
remains indicated that cattle have also utilized the area.
Area IV. This area, located between Kawaihae Road and
Kohala Road, hosts the greatest diversity of plant species. Some
of the more important native species observed are located in the
large gulch at the western end of the area. This gulch will be
described separately since it may not be included in the land use
change petition. Area IV could best be characterized as a
steep, rocky pasture. Grasses appear heavily grazed throughout,
but many 4orbs, shrubs and trees have survived, including a large
wiliwili tree (Erythrina sanwicensis) in the northwestern section
(around 2320 it. elevation). Christmas berry trees and shrubs
(Schinus terebinthifolius) occur primarily on the eastern side of
the area, and a large grove of eucalyptus trees lies along the
Kohala Road near the Kawaihae intersection. In general, however,
the area is characterized by open scrub grassland. Pa-nini and
lantana, both serious pests, are scattered throughout the area.
Grasses and forbs are similar to those species observed in Areas
I/II and III, including kikuyu grass, natal redtop, hardstemmed
lovegrass, 4ilaree, wild peppergrass, Nedicago spp. etc. Native
species observed within the southern portion of the area (within
the proposed boundary change) include prickly poppy (Argesone
glauca), 'aheahea (Chenopodiu¦ oahuense), 'ilima, hi'aloha, blue-
seeded portulaca and hard-stemmed lovegrass. All are endemic
species except for 'ilima and hi'aloha, but none are considered
3
rare or endangered.
At the western end of Area IV•a large gulch cuts through the
pasture from Kohala Rd. towards Kawaihae Rd. where it grades into
the pasture. The lower portions of the gulch are somewhat
accessible to cattle, but the upper reaches of the gulch are very
narrow with steep sides, and several rare endemic koai'a trees
(Acacia koala) were located within this gulch at approximately
2500 it. elevation. The endemic Hawaiian mistletoe (Korthalsella
sp.) was also observed on some or the koai'a. Other than the
koai'a, few native species were observed in the gulch; most
species observed are those exotics typically found in wetter
areas than the surrounding exposed pastures ruellia (Ruellia
graecizans), spreading mist flower (Eupatoriu¦ riparius), wood
sorrels (Oxalis spp.) and several ferns.
Endangered or Rare Plant Species
No currently listed, proposed or candidate endangered or
threatened plant species were observed within the proposed study
area. However, the koai'a species observed in the gulch within
Area IV is still under review (Category 3, 1980) by the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service for proposal as an endangered species (U.S.
Dept. of the Interior, 1980). It also has been described as
endangered by the State Forestry & Wildlife Division (St. John &
Corn, 1981), and as very rare and endangered in Fosberg and
Herbst's (1975) list of rare and endangered Hawaiian plants.
SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS
The majority of plant species observed in Areas I/II, III
and IV are exotic species (Appendix) commonly found in pasture
areas or other disturbed habitats throughout the islands. Given
the long history of grazing and planting of these lands, no rare
or endangered plant species were sApected to occur in any of the
areas surveyed. None did occur within the proposed boundaries for
rezoning indicated on the Preliminary Concepts Development Plan,
Parker Ranch. These boundaries within Area IV fall well below
the 2400 ft. elevation and should exclude all but the
southernmost portions of the gulch. Since the gulch is an area
of concern, hosting rare or endangered species, it is recommended
it be protected from activities which might threaten the koai'a
population, including fill from development activities around the
upper' portions of the gulch. It is also recommended that the
large wiliwili tree which occurs very near the edge of the gulch,
in proximity of the koai'a population, be protected and
incorporated into any future development or landscape plans.
This tree is a fine remnant of what was probably once an
extensive native forest on these hillsides. Wilili seedlings are
very palatable to cattle and few have survived grazing activities
in this area.
4
Except for the northwestern section of Area IV, the areas
surveyed on the whole have been highly disturbed, particularly by
grazing and planting activities over many decades. Existing
vegetation consists primarily of species capable of living in
repeatedly disturbed environments. Although only a few cattle
and horses were observed during the field surveys, evidence of
grazing exists throughout all sites, and the areas are known to
have been planted for pasture since the early 1900's (Kimura,
1985). The predominant grass cover is kikuyu grass which has
crowded out most native species. Those native species which have
survived and proliferated in some sections are those which are
apparently very hardy, unpalatable or noxious (e.g. 'akia).
CONCLUSION
No significant adverse environmental impacts relative to
flora are anticipated (outside of the gulch in Area IV) as a
result of the proposed land use change or any associated
development. Both aerial photographs and field observations
indicate that adjoining or nearby undeveloped lands are
characterized by similar vegetation cover types (open scrub
grassland, kikuyu pasture, eucalyptus groves). Future development
of the study area would involve clearing, grading and
construction; however, this would not result in a significant
lass of vegetation resources since the majority of plant species
observed in the study area are exotic species and, except for the
koai'a, none of the native species observed are considered rare
or endangered.
5
REFERENCES
Armstrong, R.W.
1973. Atlas of Hawaii. The University Press of Hawaii,
Honolulu.
Fosberg, F.R. and D. Herbst
1975. "Rare and Endangered Species of Hawaiian Vascular
Plants". Allertonia L:1.
Haselwood, E. and G.G. Motter
1966- Handbook of Hawaiian Weeds. Hawaiian Sugar Planters'
Association, Honolulu.
Kimura, Hisao
1985. Personal communication with E. Hall.
St. John, H.
1973. List and Summary of the Flowering Plants in the
Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Trop. Bot. Gard., Mem.l. Lawai,
Kauai, Hawaii.
St. John, H. (preparer) and C. Corn (editor)
1981. Rare Endemic Plants of the Hawaiian Islands, Book 1_
State of Hawaii DLNR, Division of Forestry and Wildlife,
Honolulu.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
1980. "Endangered and Threatened Species, Plants. Federal
Register 41 (117):24524-24572.
Whitney, L.D., E.Y. Hosaka & J.C. Ripperton
1964. Grasses of the Hawaiian Ranges. 2nd printing.
Bulletin No. 82. 1 Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station of
University of Hawaii.
6
APPENDIX
Families are arranged according to St. John (1973). Genera
and species are listed alphabetically within each family.
Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow St. John except where
more commonly accepted names are listed.
For each species the following information is provided:
1. Scientific name with author citation.
2. Common English name and/or Hawaiian name, when
known.
3. Status of the species:
E Endemic to the Hawaiian Islands; occurring
naturally nowhere else in the world.
I = Indigenous: native to the Hawaiian Islands
but also occurring naturally elsewhere in
the world.
P = Polynesian Introduction: plants brought by
the Polynesian immigrants prior to contact
with the Western World.
X = Exotica plants of accidental or deliberate
introduction after contact.
7
PLANT SPECIES CHECKLIST: PARKER RANCH
SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAMES STATUS
PTERIDOPHYTA
POLYPOBIACEAE (Common Fern Family)
Cyclosorus interruptus (Nilld.)H.Ito Make K
Nephrolepis exaltata (L.)Schott Sword fern: kupukupu A
Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Sm. Hares-foot fern; laua'e-haole x
Pleopeltis thunbergia Kaulf.
SYMNOSPERMAE
PINACEAE (Pine Familyl
Pinus sp. Pine I
MONOCOTYLEDONAE
GRAMINEAE (Grass Family)
Andropoga barbinodis Lag. Fuzzy top I
Cenchrus ciliaris L. Buffelgrass I
Cenchrus echinatus L. Comas sandbur; 'ume'alu I
Chloris divaricata R.8r. Stargrass I
Chloris virgata So. Father fingergrass I
Cynadon dactylom (L.) Pers. Bermuda grass; anienie I
Echinochla colons (L.) Link Jungle-rice S
Eleusina indica (L.) Gaertn. Niregrass; anienie-ali'i I
Eragrostis sp.
Eragrostis atropioides Hbd. Hard-stesmed lovegrass E
Melinis mioutiflora Beauty. Mollassesgrass I
Pennisetus clandestinua Hocbst. ea Chiov. Kikayagrass I
Pennisetum setacems (Forsk.)Chiov. Fomtaingrass I
Pensisetum setosum (Sw.)L.C.RIch in Pars. Feathery paaisetum I
Pa prateasis L. Kentucky bluegrass I
Rhyacheletrum repens (Nilld.)C.E.Huhb Natal redtop I
Sporobolus africanus (Pair.) Robyas i Tournay African dropseed; smutgrass I
Sporobolus diander (Retx.)Beauv. Indian dropsead I
Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. Most Indian dropseed I
COMMELINACEAE (Spiderrort Family)
Commelina diffuse Burm.f. Honohono; day flower I
AMARYLLIDACEAE (Amaryllis Family)
Agave sisalana Perrino ex Engels. Sisal; Wing I
BICOTTLEDONAE
PROTEACEAE (Silky Oak Family)
Grevillea robasta A. Conn. in R.Br. Silk oak; 'oka-kilika I
g
LORANTHACEAE (Mistletoe Family)
Korthalseila sp. _ E
POLYBONACEAE (Buckmheat Family)
Eves australis Sttinh. Ems I
Ems spinosa (L.) Caspd. Ems I
CHENOPOOIACEAE (Goosefoot Family)
Chnopodiua sp.
Detonative album L. Lamb's quarters; 'aheahea I
Chenopodium carinatum R.Br. Keeled goosefoot I
Chenopadium oahoense (Meyee)Aellen 'Ahmehea E
AMARANTHACEAE (Amrauth Family)
Amraothus spinosus L. Spiny ameranth; pakai-kuku I
Aearanthus viridis L. Slender amaranth; pakai I
NYCTASINACEAE (Four-o'clock Family)
Mirabilis Jalapa L. Colgan four-o'clock; pua-abiahi I
AIIOACEAE (Carpetweed Family)
Laspranthus gloeerata (L.) N.E. Br. Ice flower; 'akulikuli-lei I
PORTULACACEAE (Purslane Family)
Prtulaca cyamosprm Eglr Blue-seeded portulaca; 'ihi E
Prtulaca olracea L. Common purslane; 'ihi I
CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Pink Family)
Crastium sp. chick"" I
Silent gallica L. Stull-flowered catch4ly x
Tunica prolifra (L.1 Scop. Took flower I
PAPAVERACEAE (Poppy Faeilyl
Argegane glauca Pope Prickly poppy; pua-kala E
CRLCIFERAE (Mustard Family)
- Brassics campeetris L. Wild mustard I
Capsella bursa-pastrts (L.)Nedik "hrd's purse I
Lspidium virginicus L. Wild ptpprgrass I
Lobelaria maritime (L.) Desv. Swint alyssue I
RBSACEAE (Rose Foully)
Prumus prsica (L.1 Batsch. Peach; piki I
LESUMINOSAE (Pea Family)
Acacia decurrtns (Wend!.) Willd. Black wattle I
Acacia koaia Hhd. Koaf'a E
Crotalaria spp. - I
Deegadiue uncinatum (7acq.) DC. Spanish cloverl chili clover I
Erythrina sandwicensis Deg. Wiliwili E
Imdigofra suffruticosa Mill. Indigo; 'iniko I
Leecaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Kw-haole I
Nedicago spp. -
- 9
Medicigo polymorpha L. Bur clover I
Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa I
Mimosa pudica L. Sensitive plant; pua-hilahila T
Phaseolus lathyroides L. Cos Pei I
Rhynchosia sp. - I
Picia sativa L. Coogan vetch T
SERANIACEAE IBeranium Family)
Erodiss cicutarkum (L.) L'Her. ex Ait. Filaree; heron's bill I
OIALIAACEAE (Wood Sorrel Family)
Oxalis corniculata L. Yellow rood sorrel; 'ihi I
Oxalis martian& lucc. Pink wood sorrel; 'ihi-pehu I
EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge Family)
Euphorbia hirta L. Barden spurge; koko-kahiki T
Euphorbia peplus L. Petty spurge I
Ricinus comaunis L. Castor bean; koli I
AMACARDIACEAE (Mango Family)
Mangifera imdica L. Mango; manako I
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Christmas berry; nani-a-hilo I
SAPIMDACEAE (Soapberry Family)
Dodonaea sandwicensis Sherff A'ali'i; dadonaea E
MALYACEAE (Hallos Family)
Abutilon grandifolium IWilld.) Sweet Hairy abutilon; ma'o I
Halve sp. (new)
Malva parviflora L. Little mallow I
Malvastrus caronandelianum L.) Barcke False mallow; hausai I
F
Side spp. =t me
STERCULIACEAE (Cocoa Familyl
Naltheria lndica var. americium (l.) R.Br. Waltheria; hi'aloha; 'uhaloa 1
CACTACEAE (Cactus Family)
Opuntia megacantha Sala-Dyck Prickly pear; pa-nimi I
_ THYMELIACEAE (Akio Family)
Nikstroesim sp. 'Akia E
LYTHRACEAE (Loosestrife Family)
Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.)Macbride Tarseed; puakamoli i
.a
MYRiACEAE (Myrtle Family)
Eucalyptus spp. T
UMBELLIFERAE (Carrot Family)
Centella asiatica (L.) Urban Asiatic pennysort; pobekula I
Petroselinma crispum (Mill.) Nye. Parsley I
PRIMUTACEAE (Prierose Family)
Anagallis arvensis L. Scarlet pimpernel I
10
OLEACEAE (Olive Family)
Olmm eurapaea L. Olive; 'aliwa I
ASCLEPIAOACEAE (Milkweed Family)
Asclepias curassavica L. Milkweed; lau-lele I
CONVOLVULACEAE (Morning-glory Family)
Ipamaea purpurea (L.) Roth Common morning glory I
Ipamaea triloba L. Little bell I
VERBENACEAE (Verbena Familyl
Lantana Camara L. Lantana; lakana x
VerhMa litoralis HBK. Need verbena{ ha'ucmi I
Verbena prostrata R. Sr. in Ait. f. Vervain I
LASIATAE (Mint Family)
Plectranthus parvsflorus Nilld. Spurflower; 'ala'ala-wai-nui I
Salvia coccinea ]uss. as Murr. Scarlet sage; lili-lehua x
SOLAMACEAE (Nightshade Family)
Nicandra physalodts (L.) Saertn. Apple-of-Peru I
Solanum nigrum L. Black nightshadel popolo I
Solanum sodameus L. Apple of Sodas; popolo-kikania I
SCROPHULARIACEAE (Figwort Family)
Veronica plebeia R. Br. Common speedwell I
BIBNONIACEAE (Bignania Family)
Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gaml) Miers Orange trumpet vine I
ACANTHACEAE (Acanthus Family)
Ruellia graecixans Backer Rumllia I
PLANTAGINACEAE (Plantain Family)
Plantago lancealata L. Narrow-leaved plantain I
Plmmtago major L. Comm plantain; lam-kahi I
RUBIACEAE (Coffee Family)
Nedyatis sp. - E
CUCURBITACEAE (Squash Familyl
Momordica charantia L. Charantia; bitter melon I
COMPOSITE (Sunflower Family)
Bidens pilosa var. minor (B1.)Sherff - I
Bidens pilasa vu. pilosa L. Beggar's tick; ko'oko'alau I
Catula australis (Less.) Hook. f. Australian brass buttons I
Emilia javanica (Burm.f.) C.B. Robins. Red poa-lele I
Erigeran bonariensis L. Hairy horseweed; ilioha I
Erigeran canadensis L. Canada fleabane; ilioha I
Eupatorium riparium Regal Spreading mist flower I
II
Heterotheca grandiflora Mutt. Telegraph plant I
Hypochoeris radicata L. Hairy cits-tar I
Senecio sp. - I
Sonchus eleraceus L. Soe thistle; pua-lele I
Taraaacus officinale (L.) Reber in Niggers Dandelion; lau-lele x
Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Oriental haeksbeard I
13,
EXHIBIT "D"
SURVEY OF FAUNA
Phillip Bruner
AN AVIFAUNAL AND FERAL MAMMAL SURVEY
PARKER RANCH LANDS
WAIMEA, HAWAII
INTRODUCTION
This report summarizes the results of a two-day (February
23-24, 1985) avian and feral mammal field survey conducted by
Phillip Bruner, Assistant Professor of Biology, BYU-HC. The
survey included three sites, totaling approximately 600 acres,
which have been proposed for development at Parker Ranch, Waimea,
Hawaii. References to pertinent literature and unpublished
reports, and information gained through interviews with
biologists familiar with the area are also included.
The major objectives of the survey were to document which
bird and feral mammal species occur in the area and at what
densities. Additionally, within the time available, general
habitat requirements of each species were to be investigated and
assessed. If any "endangered" species were found, special
attention was to be directed towards determining their dependence
on resources within the area.
STUDY METHODS AND GENERAL SITE DESCRIPTIONS
Methods.
Field observations were made with binoculars and by
listening for vocalizations while walking randomly chosen
transects of each site within the project area. At various
points on these transects (approximately 100 m apart) eight
minute counts were made of all birds seen or heard. These count
stations were distributed so as to cover a representative portion
of all habitat types (open scrub grassland, pasture, open
woodland) within the proposed development area. Data were
obtained at various times throughout the day with a slight
emphasis on early morning and late afternoon periods.
Information from the eight minute counts plus incidental
observations made while walking the transects were used as the
basis for population estimates and additionally were useful in
determining general distribution patterns and ecological
preferences for each species. Observations of feral mammal
activity were also noted during the course of traversing these
transects. No attempt to trap mammals in order'to obtain data on
density, distribution, etc. were made.
General Site Descrintions
Weather conditions during the two-day survey were variable
with periods of cloudiness and occasional clearing, followed by
1
brief showers. Winds were strong, 15-40 mph out of the NE.
Temperature ranged from the low 60's to high 70's F. The
proposed land use change boundaries include three separate areas.
Area I/II lies between the town of Waimea and the airport, and is
primarily well-grazed pasture with a few scattered trees. The
contour of this area is generally flat. Area III lies west of
the small airfield at Waimea and is characterized by scattered
brush and open grassland. The contour of this section is
generally rlat with some gently rolling hills. Section IV lies
west of Waimea between Kawaihae Road and Kohala Road. This
section is primarily in grazed pasture, but contains more brush
than Area I/II. In addition the contour of the land is very
steep. Patches of wooded areas along stream drainages also occur
in this area.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Resident Native Bird Species
Short-eared Owl, or Pueo (Asio flaaeeus sandwichensis)--The
Pueo is an endemic bird of prey which is not uncommon on the island
of Hawaii, particularly in areas of open fields. This species
forages both nocturnally and diurnally (Hawaii Audubon Society,
1984). Observations of this species are more frequent in the
pasture land and forest edge than in more dry coastal areas west
of Waimea (Pratt, pers. comm.; Bruner, 1984a, 19e4b). During the
two-day survey of the Parker Ranch sites a total of seven Pueo
were observed: three in Area III, two in Area I/II and two in
Area IV. All of the birds were actively foraging and one
individual caught a small rodent.
No other resident native birds were observed during the
survey. The only probable native species that might infrequently
occur in the area would be the Hawaiian Hawk (Buteo solitarius)
which is regularly seen in the Kohala mountains (Hawaii Audubon
Society, 1984).
Migratory Bird Species:
Pacific Golden Plover (Pluvialis fulva) -The Pacific Golden
Plover is an indigenous bird which winters in Hawaii and other
Pacific islands, and breeds in western Alaska and eastern
Siberia. While on the wintering grounds, some individuals are
territorial. Recent ongoing studies (Johnson at al., 1981) have
confirmed that this species is extremely site faithful. This
informaticwi has increased our understanding of the population
dynamics of this species. Pacific Golden Plover prefer short
grass fields where visibility of approaching danger is good.
Well-grazed pasture land, lawns and similar areas are favored
foraging sites. Areas III and IV had the fewest Plover,
averaging 5.6 per eight minute count, while Area I/II averaged
12.4 per sight minute count. Area I/II is more open than the
2
other two areas and for that reason supports more birds per unit
area. Whether prey density and/or quality also vary between the
three areas was not determined. The Pacific Golden Plover
population within the three sections probably numbers between
200-300 birds. No non-territorial flocks were observed which is
somewhat unexpected given results of the long term studies
elsewhere in Hawaii (Johnson et al., 1981; Bruner, 1983).
No other migratory species were recorded during the survey.
Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) might be expected to occur
in small numbers. This species is not territorial on the
wintering grounds, but instead forages in small flocks.
Exotic (Introduced) Bird SHecies
A total of 13 species of exotic birds were recorded during
the survey. Table I describes their relative abundance and
general habitat preferences. Areas III and IV had the greatest
diversity of species due to a wider variety of habitats. Area
I/II was dominated by one species, the Eurasian Skylark (Alauda
arvensis). This species averaged 17.3 per eight minute count in
this area. In taller grass habitats and brush-infested areas,
such as those in Areas III and IV, the skylark was much less
common, averaging 6.9 and 10.8 respectively per eight minute
count. Eurasian Skylark were introduced to Hawaii from England
in 1865 and from New Zealand in 1970 (Berger, 1972). Richardson
(1963) reported that the disappearance of cactus from Lehua
Island also was followed by the disappearance of the skylark.
Whether there exists an ecological relationship between cactus
and skylarks seems speculative but might be testable given the
abundance of both in Areas III and IV. Black Francolin
(Francolinus trancolinus) were also abundant in Areas III and IV.
Males vocalizing in the early morning and late afternoon were
very noticeable. S. Conant (pers. comm.) has also observed that
this species is abundant in this type of habitat. The low
numbers of some species, e.g. Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis
cardinalis) is due to the limited amount of presently suitable
habitat. A number of game birds have been introduced over the
years to the island of Hawaii (Schwartz and Schwartz, 1949;
Berger, 1972). Populations of these species tend to be very
localized. Coastal lands around Mauna Kea Beach Hotel and
Kawaihae have a predominance of Gray Francolin (Francolinus
pondicerianus) whereas this species is much less common on the
Parker Ranch lands surveyed. Erkel's Francolin (Francolinus
erckelii) was not recorded during the survey but potentially
could occur on the property, as could the Warbling Silverbill
(Lonchura ealabarica) (Hawaii Audubon Society, 1984).
Feral Mammals:
Three Mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) were observed in
Area IV and one individual in Area III. Evidence in the form of
scats was observed in all three areas. The population of this
3
species, however, appears to be relatively small when compared
with lower elevation and drier habitats. Evidence in the form of
tracks and rooting revealed that feral pig occur in a small
portion of Area IV. No direct evidence of rodents, aside from
the one seen captured by a Pueo, were obtained, but House Mouse
(Hus ¦usculus) and Rattus sp. are likely common on the three
properties. In order to obtain data on abundance and
distribution of rodents, a long-term trapping program would need
to be undertaken. Dogs and cats were seen and heard, but
probably were not feral. One all-white cat was observed stalking
an Eurasian Skylark in Area I/II.
The endemic Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus seeotus)
was not recorded on the survey. The abundance and distribution
of this species in Hawaii is poorly known. It is likely however
that it does not roost often in this area due to the scarcity of
trees.
CONCLUSIONS
The property proposed for land use change and future
development at Parker Ranch has a rather wide variety of bird
species given the somewhat limited diversity of habitats. Some
species occur at relatively high densities, e.g. Eurasian Skylark
and Pacific Golden Plover, while others such as Northern
Cardinal, Japanese White-eye (Zosterops lateralis), House Finch
(Carpodacus eexicanus) and Spotted Dove (Streptopelia chinensis)
are much more restricted in their abundance due to limitations of
presently suitable habitat.
With the development of the property, changes will occur in
the abundance of virtually all species. Those that are adapted
to open field situations, i.e. migratory shorebirds, Pueo, game
birds and Eurasian Skylark, will become less numerous or might
disappear altogether from the area depending on how much open
grassland remains following development. Birds such as Japanese
White-eye, doves, House Sparrow (Passer doeesticus), Northern
Cardinal and Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis) will increase in
number with urbanization of the habitat and the subsequent
increase in landscape vegetation and trees that will follow such
development.
The number of cats and dogs will no doubt increase following
development. The number of mongoose, however, should not become
significantly greater than at present.
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KEY TO TABLE ONE
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE = Number of times observed during survey
or frequency on eight-minute counts.
A = Abundant (ave. on 8 min. count 10+) (number which follows is
ave. of both survey days)
C - Common (ave. on 8 min. count 5-10) 11
U = Uncommon (ave. on 8 min. count less than 5) of
R = Recorded (seen or heard at times other than on 8 min. counts
or on only one or two of the count periods. Number
which !ollows is the actual number seen or heard).
HABITAT - Area most frequented. Order of most preferred or
utilized begins at left.
TK = Thickets
TG = Tall grass
SP = Short grass pasture
SOURCES CITED
Berger, A.J. 1972. Hawaiian Birdlife. The Univ. Press
of Hawaii, Honolulu. 270pp.
Bruner, P.L. 1983. Territorial behavior of wintering Pacific
Golden Plover in Hawaii. ms. (paper presented at the
100th meeting of the Amer. Ornith. Union. 18 pp.)
1984a. An avifaunal and feral mammal survey of
Mauna Kea Properties, Inc., Hawaii. Unpubl. ms.
1984b An avifaunal and feral mammal survey of
Waikoloa Beach Resort Property, Hawaii. Unpubl. ms.
Conant, S. Ornithologist and Chairperson of Gen. Sci. Dept.
Univ. of Hawaii, Manoa.
Hawaii'Audubon Society. 1984. Hawaii's Birds. Third Edition.
Hawaii Audubon Society, Honolulu. 96 pp.
Johnson, O.W., P.M. Johnson, and P.L. Bruner. 1981. Wintering
behavior and site faithfulness of Golden Plover on
Oahu. 'Elepaio: 41 (12) 123-130.
Pratt, H.D.Jr. Ornithologist and researcher associated with
Louisiana State Univ.
Richardson, F. 1963. Birds of Lehua island off Niihau, Hawaii.
'Elepaio: 23: 43-45.
Schwartz, C.W. and E.R. Schwartz. 1949. The game birds of Hawaii.
The Hawaii News Printshop. Hilo, Hawaii 168pp.
r
EXHIBIT "E"
WATER AVAILABILITY LETTER
o
DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY COUNTY OF HAWAII
~~i •T~+ 25 AUPUNI STREET • HILO, HAWAII 96720
TELEPHONE (606) 961-8660 FAX (808) 961 8657
February 3, 2000
Smith Development I
1049 Makawao Avenue, Suite 208 v
Makawao, IU 96768
WATER AVAILABILITY REQUEST
TAX MAP KEY 6-2-001:091
This is in response to your letter of January 19, 2000.
Please be informed that water can be made available from the end of an existing 8-inch waterline,
approximately 300 feet from the property. Further, the entire property is within the pressure limits
of the Department's existing water system facility and would not require a tank and booster pump.
We are enclosing copies of maps available to us for your information.
Should there be any questions, please call our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-8665.
Sincerely yours,
Milton D. Pavao, P.E.
Manager
WA:gms
Enc.
Water bringd progred6...
EXHIBIT "F"
UTILITIES AVAILABILITY LETTERS
Sent By: GTE HAWAIIAN TEL K'ONA ENG.; 808 329 0151; Jar. 2a "n 1,:I7AM: P3~o 1-
® Hawaiian Tel Facsimile Transmittal
Network Construction
- OSP Engineering - Hawaii Island Reply to: P.o BOX 424Q
0. Hilo, Hewnll 98720
rlhone: (aria) 833$488
JAN 2 4 2000 Fec m_,(80b)936-0476
Date: 1-24-00 # of Pp. w/ Cover 1
To: Mr. Mark R. Walker
I
Thank-you for your request for information regarding the availability of Telephone Service for a
portion of TMK:6-2-01:09. GTE Hawaiian Tel has Telephone Facilities for local service
up to the western boundary of the Hawaii Preparatory Academy property along the Kohala
Mountain Road. Any new requests for telephone service beyond the end of the current facilities
would require cable placement and may require a customer payment. The customers share of I
the cost would be calculated based on the P.U.C Tariff No. 1-General Regulation No. 8(Llne
Extensions) and or P.U.C. Tariff No. 1-General Regulation No. 7(Service Connections and
facilities on customer premises).
GTE Hawaiian Tel is in the process of upgrading its electronic equipment located at the
Kawaihae Road/Kohala Mountain Road intersection. There are a variety of special services
(56kb, FT1, T1, ISDN-BRI, etc) available now and in the future. Please forward any electrical
plans for this property to our office for review. If there are any further euestions I can be i
reached at 808/329-5716.
cam,.
Subject: TMK(3)-6-2-01:91
i
From: Sharon Albrecht
OSP Engineer If transmittal was not successful, Please call
Network Construction - OSP (808) 329-6059. Thank you.
Action:
I
n For Your Review 1 Information ® Information as Requested
? For your Approval ? Other:
Comments-
I
I
- I
KRS DEVELOPMENT, INC.
Real Estate Development
1043 Makawao Avenue, #208
Makawao, Maui, Hawaii 96768
Phone: (808) 572-3011 - Fax: (808) 572-8378
e-mail: idscon@maui.net
bestofinaui.com/mauireal.html
FAX COVER SHEET SAN 212000
TO: Greg Mooers FAX NO.
Mooers Enterprises
FROM: Mark Walker DATE: January 21, 2000
NO. OF PAGES INCLUDING THIS COVER SHEET: 4
If any part of this fax transmission is missing or not clearly received, call (808) 572-3011
Re: Ohia Ku - TMK: (3) 6-2-01: 91
Greg:
I spoke today with Bernie Kelii of HELCo in Hilo regarding the availability of power to the
subject property. She indicated that the last power pole in the area goes as far as TMK: (3) 6-5-
01: 10, and that she estimated power for our property was approximately 4 or perhaps 5 poles
,away. She reiterated that power was available but that we would have to pay for the expense of
%ringing the power to our property.
EXHIBIT "G"
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Access Letters
MOOERS ENTERPRISES, LLC
P.O. Box 1 1 O 1
KAMUELA, HAWAII 96743
February 28, 2000
Ms. Julia Tsumoto
State Transportation Planner
Statewide Transportation Planning Office
Department of Transportation
State of Hawaii
600 Kapiolani Boulevard
Honolulu, Hawaii
VIA FAX: 587-2362
Re: Access Requirements for
Ohiaku, Waimea, South Kohala, Hawaii
TMK: (3) 6-2-1:09 portion (27 acres)
Proposed Change of Zone A-20a to A-5a
Dear Ms. Tsumoto:
I am very appreciative that you took the time to speak with me, Kent Smith and Mark Walker regarding the
subject property. I know you are busy and have just returned from a mainland trip. I apologize for
requesting the conference on such short notice but it was an unforeseen circumstance.
I understand from our discussion that our proposal to rezone the property from Agricultural 20-acres to
Agricultural 5-acres and create a 5-lot subdivision will not trigger intersection improvement requirements
for our access onto Kohala Mountain Road. We will be required by the County to record deed covenants
into the five parcels that only one single-family dwelling unit can be constructed on each of the five
proposed lots.
We are now proceeding with our change of zone request and look forward to working with you and vour
staff in processing our application. Should you or your staff at anytime require additional information or
have any questions, please contact me directly. Thank you again for your attention to our request.
Sincerely,
R
Grego . Mooers
President
GRM.jy
Copy: Kent Smith, Smith Development
PHONE: (808) 885-6839
FAx: (808) 885-1 574
EMAIL: GMOOERSOIBM.NET
BENJAMIN J. CAYETANO
GOVERNOR KAZU HAVASHIDA
qP% asa,\% DIRECTOR
DEPUTY DIRECTORS
BRIAN K. MINAAI
GLENN M. OKIMOTO
o-a
STATE OF HAWAII N REPLY REFER TO:
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
HIGHWAYS DIVISION HWY-H 00-2.0197
HAWAII DISTRICT
50 MAKAALA STREET
P.O. BOX 4277
HILO, HAWAII 96720
TELEPHONE: (808) 933-8866 • FAX: (808) 933-8869
February 28, 2000
Mr. Gregory R. Mooers
Mooers Enterprises, LLC
P.O. Box 1101
Kamuela, Hawaii 96743
Dear Mr. Mooers:
SUBJECT: Access to TMK: 6-2-01:por. 09
Kohala Mountain Road
Project No. FAP E-11A
Our records show that there is an existing access driveway located near the south property
boundary. Although the driveway does not meet present standards, such driveway is "grand
fathered" and may continue to be legally used for the present agricultural zoning.
We understand that you would like to know what conditions would be imposed for the proposed
rezoning and subdivision of this property. Our preliminary comments are:
1. The driveway shall be reconstructed to present standards. This includes reconstructing
the pavement, widening the driveway to a minimum width of 22 feet, providing minimum
turning radii of 25 feet, striping and signing.
2. Unless otherwise restricted, we shall assume that the property may be further subdivided
into two residential lots. Therefore, the development shall be treated as if it were a 10-lot
subdivision and street lights will be required. Street lights would otherwise not be
required of the 5-lot subdivision.
3. The developer's attention is called to the departments's new utility easement policy. The
policy establishes terms for the utility company's right to occupy the highway right-of-
way. Although this is not directly related to the zoning process, it may affect the
development's construction timetable and cost.
4. These comments are not intended to supercede or contradict any other conditions
imposed by any prior land development approval.
Mr. Gregory R. Mooers HWY-H 00-2.0197
February 28, 2000
Page 2
5. These comments are tentative. Additional comments may be made at time of
development.
We re-iterate item number 5, above, that these comments are tentative in nature. Due to your
request for immediate response, this letter was not widely circulated for review comments.
Should you have any questions, please call Mr. Robert Taira at 933-8866.
Very truly yours,
STANLEY TAMURA
Hawaii District Engineer
RT: sy
EXHIBIT "H"
SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
SITE PHOTOGRAPHS
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Eastern portion of the property from Kohala Mountain Road.
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Western portion of the property from Kohala Mountain Road.
EXHIBIT "I"
SITE PLAN
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DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS
COUNTY OF HAWAII
HILO, HAWAII
DATE :June 1, 2000
Memorandum
n
0
TO Virginia Goldstein, Planning Director ly/
Planning Department
FROM : Galen M. Kuba, Division Chief V v9.
v Engineering Division c'P
SUBJECT Change of Zone Application (REZ 00-04)
Applicant: K.R.S. Development, Inc
Location: Ohia Ku, Lanikepu, South Kohala, HI
TMK: 3 / 6-2-01:91
We have reviewed the subject application and our comments are as follows:
BUILDING
1. Buildings shall conform to all requirements of code and statutes pertaining to building
construction.
DRAINAGE
1. All development generated runoff shall be disposed of on-site and shall not be directed
toward any adjacent properties.
2. The applicant shall be informed that if they include drywells in the subject development,
an Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit may be required from the Department of
Health, State of Hawaii.
3. A drainage study shall be prepared, and the recommended drainage system shall be
constructed meeting with the approval of DPW.
4. Flood Zone "A", affects the subject parcel as designated by the Flood Insurance Rate Map
(FIRM), dated September 18, 1988. Any new construction or substantial improvements
will be subject to the requirements of Chapter 27 - Flood Control, of the Hawaii County
Code. For development within the flood zone, the applicant shall submit a flood study
prepared by a licensed professional civil engineer and submit to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) for a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR).
Approval of this CLOMR shall be senumd. 11i ny such development. Any required
'n
Memorandum to PD
June 1, 2000
Page 2 of 5
Letter Of Map Revision (LOMR), shall be obtained prior to final approval.
EARTHWORK
1. All earthwork and grading shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sediment Control, of
the Hawaii County Code.
2. The applicant should consult with the Natural Resources Conservation Service, formerly
known as, Soil Conservation Service).
SOLID WASTE
1. Solid waste management shall conform to the rules and regulations of the DPW, Solid
Waste Division. The developer shall prepare a solid waste management plan
ROADWAYS
1. The Hawaii Belt Highway, fronting the subject property, is under the jurisdiction of the
Hawaii Department of Transportation (HOOT). Comments and requirements concerning
this road should be obtained from the HOOT.
2. Roadway connections to adjoining parcels should be provided meeting with the approval
of DPW. These roadways should be open to public traffic. It is DPW's policy on larger
subdivisions to recommend that an interconnection be made to the adjoining parcels.
3. All roadways within the proposed development shall follow the guidelines incorporated in
the Hawaii Statewide Uniform Design Manual for Streets and Highways. These roadways
shall also meet the requirements of DPW.
Should there be any questions concerning this matter, please feel free to contact Kiran Emler in
our Engineering Division, Kona office at 327-3530.
KE
copy: ENG-HILO
PLNG-KONA
01 wArrr
If
49
DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY COUNTY OF HAWAII
°t xA wNU 25 AUPUNI STREET • HILO, HAWAII 96720
TELEPHONE (808) 9618660 FAX (808) 961-P657
June 2, 2000 00 .1l/Pl 5 PIS 3 55
COUNTY OF HAV1,;11
°LAPdv1:-,I~ ''P T.
TO: Ms. Virginia K. Goldstein, Planning Director
Planning Department
FROM: Milton D. Pavao, Manager
SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION NO. 00-004
APPLICANT - K.R.S. DEVELOPMENT, INC.
REQUEST: A-40a TO A-5a
TAX MAP KEY: 6-2-001:091
We have reviewed the subject application for the proposed change of zone and have the following
comments.
Water can be made available from an existing 8-inch waterline in the Kohala Mountain Road,
approximately 300 feet from the subject parcel.
Pursuant to the Department's Water Commitment Guidelines Policy, a copy of which is being
forwarded to the applicant, a water commitment may be issued. Based on the four additional lots that
are requested in the proposed change of zone application, the required water commitment deposit is
$600.00.
Remittance of $600.00 from the applicant is requested as soon as possible so that a water commitment
may be formally issued. The commitment will be in writing with specific conditions and effective
dates stated. Please keep in mind that this letter shall not be construed as a water commitment. In
other words, unless a water commitment is officially effected, water availability is subject to change
depending on the water situation.
Upon the issuance of a formal water commitment, we shall submit our comments and requirements for
tentative subdivision approval.
For the applicant's information, should the subject change of zone be approved and a subdivision
application executed, final approval will be subject to the following requirements:
1. Extend the existing 8-inch waterline in the Kohala Mountain Road from its current termination
point to the access road to the proposed subdivision.
EXHIBIT
Mier 60'1-ngd pr®gae.46...
Ms. Virginia K. Goldstein, Planning Director
Page 2
June 2, 2000
2. Construct necessary onsite improvements, which shall include, but not be limited to:
a. water mains capable of delivering water at adequate pressure and volume under both
peak-flow and fire-flow conditions; minimum diameter of mains shall be 4 inches, and
b. service laterals that will accommodate an appropriately sized meter to each lot.
Submit construction plans prepared by a professional engineer, registered in the State of
Hawaii, for review and approval.
3. Remit the prevailing facilities charge, which is subject to change, of $14,063.00. The
determination of this amount is shown below. This is due and payable upon completion of the
construction of the water system improvements and prior to final subdivision approval being
granted.
Facilities Charge
One existing 1" service at $563.00 each $ 563.00
Four additional services at $3,375.00 each 13.500.00
Total (Subject to Change) $14,063.00
Should there be any questions, please call our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-8665.
Sincerely yours,
G
Milt D. avao, P.E.
Man ger
BCM:gms
copy - (w/att.) K.R.S. Development, Inc.
(w/o att.) Mr. Gregory Mooers
*A r"
JI
I I X11
DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY COUNTY OF HAWAII
~0~4,0 4Z 20 AUPUNI STREET • HILO HAWAII 96720
TELEPHONE 3097 361-866] FAX 16`9: 361-660-
June 1 5, 2000
K.R.S. Development, Inc.
1043 vfakawao Avenue, 9208
Rlakawao, HI 96768
PAYMENT OF WATER COMMITMENT DEPOSIT
CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION NO. 00-004
TAX MAP KEY: 6-2-001:091
This is to acknowledge receipt of the required $600.00 water commitment deposit for the subject
application. We are enclosing receipt No. 210706 for your files.
In accordance with the Department's Water Commitment Guidelines Policy, a water commitment for the
proposed development in the amount of 2,400 gallons per day or four additional units of water at 600
gallons per day per unit is hereby granted until June 30, 2003.
Should the change of zone request be approved and a subdivision application is executed, approval will be
subject to the following conditions:
I . Extend the existing 6-inch waterline in the Kohala Mountain Road from its current termination point to
the access road to the proposed subdiv ision.
2. Construct necessary onsite improvements, which shall include, but not be limited to:
a. water mains capable of delivering water at adequate pressure and volume under both peak-flow and
fire-flow conditions. minimum diameter of mains shall be 4 inches, and
h ;ct % ce laterals that ~~ill occnmm~~date ,ui al,hropriatcly sized meter to each lot.
Submit construction plans prepared by a professional engineer, registered in the State of Hawaii, for
review and approval.
3. Remit the prevailing facilities charge balance, which is subject to change, of 513,463.00. This is due
and payable upon completion of the installation of the required water system improvements and prior to
Final -,uhdivision approval being granted.
For your information, the total facilities charge requirement, which is subject to change, is $14,063.00.
However, the total water commitment deposit paid to date is $600.00. Water commitment deposits are
credited towards the final facilities charge requirement tnr the development
a
K.R.S Development. Inc.
Page 2
June 15, ?000
The amounts discussed in the preceding two paragraphs were determined as follows:
Facilities Charge (subject to change)
One I" service for existing parcel at 5563.00 each $ 563.00
Four additional services at 53,375.00 each -13.500.00
Total (subject to change) 14,063.00
Water Commitment Deposits Paid to Date 600.00
Facilities Charge Balance Due as of June ?000 (subject to change) $ 13,463.00
Note that the amount of water commitment deposit may exceed the prevailing facilities charge amount,
for example, when requests for time extensions continue and are approved. Until the development is
finally completed, these are separate and unrelated items. In the event that water commitment deposits
exceed the facilities charge, no refunds are applicable. With this understanding, the current facilities
charge balance is $13,463.00.
4. Submit the appropriate documents, properly prepared and executed, to convey the water system
improvements and necessary easements to the Water Commission of the County of Hawaii. A
registered land surveyor shall stamp and certify the metes and bounds description within the
conveyance documents. Conveyance of the improvements and easements are required prior to water
services being granted.
5. Comply with all other applicable policies and requirements of the Department's Rules and Regulations.
Noncompliance may be cause for voiding this water commitment, at which time availability will be
subject to change in accordance with prevailing water system conditions, policies, and Rules and
Regulations.
Should there be any questions, please call our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-8665.
Sincerely yours,
4
v
Milton D. Pavan. P.E.
\lana, r
BCM:gms
Enc.
copy - Planning Department>/~
MOOERS ENTERPRISES, LLC
P.O. BOX 1 10 1
KAMUELA, HAWAII 96743
June 5, 2000
Ms. Virginia Goldstein
Director
Planning Department
County of Hawaii
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Re: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION NO. 00-004
AGRICULTURAL 40-ACRES (A-40a)
TO AGRICULTURAL 5-ACRES (A-5a)
APPLICANT: K.R.S. DEVELOPMENT
TAX MAP KEY (3) 6-2-01:91
OHIA KU, LANIKEPU, SOUTH KOHALA, HAWAII
Dear Ms. Goldstein:
I have reviewed the comments from the Department of Water Supply dated June 2, 2000, on the
application described above. The applicant is submitting a check in the amount of $600 to the
Department of Water Supply to secure the additional four water commitments. The proposed
conditions for subdivision approval, should the change of zone be approved, have been reviewed
with the applicant.
If you or your staff require additional information or have any questions, please contact me
directly. Thank you for your prompt review of this application.
ly,
Siny
-'GregolMooers
President
GRM: sp
PHONE: (808) 885-6839
FAx: (608) 885-1 574 .
EMAIL: GMOOERSPIBM.NET
' Edward Bumata.
'Fire chiq/ .
Stephen K. Yamashiro
Mayor Ruavel M. Mlyao
qrr oi'ni'M Deputy Fire Chtej
OTVultiL of wail iii
FIRE DEPARTMENT
777 Kilauea Avenue ° Mall Lane, Room 6 ° Hilo, Hawaii 96720.4239
(808) 961-8297 ° Fax (808) 961-8296 _
May 23, 2000
To: Virginia Goldstein, Planning Director
From: Edward Bumatay, Fire Chief
SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 00-004)
APPLICANT: K.R.S. DEVELOPMENT, INC.
REQUEST: A-40a TO A-5a
TAX MAP KEY: 6-2-001: 091
Fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with UFC
Section 10.207:
"Fire Apparatus Access Roads
"Sec. 10.207. (a) General. Fire apparatus access roads
shall be provided and maintained in accordance with the
provisions of this section.
"(b) Where Required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be
required for every building hereafter constructed when any
portion of an exterior wall of the first story is located
more than 150 feet from fire department vehicle access as
measured by an unobstructed route around the exterior of the
building.
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. When buildings are completely
protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler
system, the provisions of this section may be modified.
112. When access roadways cannot be installed due to
topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades or other
similar conditions, the chief may require additional
fire protection as specified in Section 10.301 (b).
EXHIBIT V,%% COO
~REOE~
To: Virginia Goldstein, Planning Director
Page 2
May 23, 2000
113. When there are not more than two Group R, Division
3 or Group M Occupancies, the requirements of this
section may be modified, provided, in the opinion of
the chief, fire-fighting or rescue operations would not
be impaired.
"More than one fire apparatus road may be required when it is
determined by the chief that access by a single road may be
impaired by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain,
climatic conditions or other factors that could limit access.
"For high-piled combustible storage, see Section 81.109.
"(c) Width. The unobstructed width of a fire apparatus
access road shall meet the requirements of the appropriate
county jurisdiction.
"(d) Vertical Clearance. Fire apparatus access roads shall
have an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13
feet 6 inches.
"EXCEPTION: Upon approval vertical clearance may be
reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access
by fire apparatus and approved signs are installed and
maintained indicating the established vertical
clearance.
"(e) Permissible Modifications. Vertical clearances or
widths required by this section may be increased when, in the
opinion of the chief, vertical clearances or widths are not
adequate to provide fire apparatus access.
"(f) Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed
and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus
and shall be provided with a surface so as to provide all-
weather driving capabilities." (20 tons)
"(g) Turning Radius. The turning radius of a fire apparatus
access road shall be as approved by the chief." (45 feet)
"(h) Turnarounds. All dead-end fire apparatus access roads
in excess of 150 feet in length shall be provided with
approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus.
"(i) Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as
access under this section, it shall be constructed and
maintained in accordance with the applicable sections of the
Building Code and using designed live loading sufficient to
carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus.
To: Virginia Goldstein, Planning Director
Page 3
May 23, 2000
"(j) Grade. The gradient for a fire apparatus access road
shall not exceed the maximum approved by the chief." (15%)
"(k) Obstruction. The required width of any fire apparatus
access road shall not be obstructed in any manner, including
parking of vehicles. Minimum required widths and clearances
established under this section shall be maintained at all
times.
11(1) Signs. When required by the fire chief, approved signs
or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained
for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads and
prohibit the obstruction thereof or both."
Water supply shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10.301:
"Sec. 10.301. (a) Type Required. The chief shall designate
the type and number of fire appliances to be installed and
maintained in and upon all buildings and premises in the
jurisdiction other than private dwellings. This shall be
done according to the relative severity of probable fire,
including the rapidity with which it may spread. Such
appliances shall be of a type suitable for the probable class
of fire associated with such building or premises and shall
have approval of the chief.
"(b) Special Hazards. In occupancies of an especially
hazardous nature or where special hazards exist in addition
to the normal hazard of the occupancy, or where access for
fire apparatus is unduly difficult, additional safeguards may
be required consisting of additional fire appliance units,
more than one type of appliance, or special systems suitable
for the protection of the hazard involved. Such devices or
appliances may consist of automatic fire alarm systems,
automatic sprinkler or water spray systems, standpipe and
hose, fixed or portable fire extinguishers, suitable asbestos
blankets, breathing apparatus, manual or automatic covers,
carbon dioxide, foam, halogenated and dry chemical or other
special fire-extinguishing systems. Where such systems are
installed, they shall be in accordance with the applicable
Uniform Fire Code Standards or standards of the National Fire
Protection Association when Uniform Fire Code Standards do
not apply.
To: Virginia Goldstein, Planning Director
Page 4
May 23, 2000
"(c) Water Supply. An approved water supply capable of
supplying required fire flow for fire protection shall be
provided to all premises upon which buildings or portions of
buildings are hereafter constructed, in accordance with the
respective county water requirements. There shall be
provided, when required by the chief, on-site fire hydrants
and mains capable of supplying the required fire flow.
"Water supply may consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks,
elevated tanks, water mains or other fixed systems capable of
providing the required fire flow.
"The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to
a water supply capable of delivering the required fire flow
shall be protected as set forth by the respective county
water requirements. All hydrants shall be accessible to the
fire department apparatus by roadways meeting the
requirements of Section 10.207.
"(d) Fire Hydrant Markers. When required by the chief,
hydrant locations shall be identified by the installation of
reflective markers.
"(e) Timing of Installation. When fire protection
facilities are to be installed by the developer, such
facilities including all surface access roads shall be
installed and made serviceable prior to and during the time
of construction. When alternate methods of protection, as
approved by the chief, are provided, the above may be
modified or waived.
"(f) All fire alarm systems, fire hydrant systems, fire
extinguishing systems (including automatic sprinklers), Class
I, II, III (combination standpipe system) and combined
systems, basement inlet pipes, and other fire protection
systems and appurtenances thereto shall meet the approval of
the fire department as to installation and location and shall
be subject to periodic tests as required herein. Plans and
specifications shall be submitted to the fire department for
review and approval prior to installation."
Fi
_iiWAR Fire BUMATAY
Fire Chief
EB/mo
T71101 ry F JOH.S CNNRi NdGn
.AN-1_'1,F FE3 _
ilk\` DE UTIC
STATE OF HAWAil A. ATC?ESCUF:ce
ac<-N .NC_ EAN Fe - -
_CIicFV1-yN ANL 9G:-I:V
CEr'A.RTMEdT (1F LAND ArJD NATURAL RESOURCES E419FCEMfNT
Kae.?-~hewa °wlding. Room B_-
5,' Re'-ac:0 BC'-.a.b] ShD
(apwe. awn 6EPC] STA-F I"/S
June 1. 2000
Ms Virginia Goldstein, Director LOG NO 25558
Planning Department-County of Hawaii DOC NO: 0005PM23
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Dear Ms. Goldstein:
SUBJECT: Change of Zone Ordinance (REZ 00-004) Request:
A-40a to A-5a Applicant: K.R.S. Development, Inc.
Lanikepu, South Kohala, Hawaii Island, TMK: 6-2-001:091
Thank you for your Memo of May 4, 2000 and the opportunity to review and comment on the subject
application.
The applicant is seeking to subdivide 27.01 acres of land into five agricultural lots at the above
referenced location. The subject parcel was part of an archaeological inventory survey of 250 acres of
land in Cull and Lanikepu undertaken by Bill Barrera of Comstock Cultural Resource Management, Inc.
in late 1993 or early 1994. A number of significant historic sites were identified in the subject parcel.
The parcel was surveyed again recently by Bob Rechtman of Recthman Consulting. One of the sites
recorded by Barrera and interpreted as a possible burial was tested and found to contain human remains.
Included with the application were copies of Barrera's report and a one page post-fieldwork letter report
prepaied by Rechtman. It is our understanding that Rechtman is in the process of completing a final
report on his survey. The preliminary letter report indicates that some of Barrera's site interpretations
and recommendations are likely to change. Because we do not yet have a final report we recommend
that a decision on the subject application be deferred until our office has had an opportunity to review
and approve an archaeological inventory survey report and until the Hawaii Island Burial Council has had
an opportunity to review and approve a burial treatment plan.
If you or your staff should have any questions please contact our Hawaii Island archaeologist, Patrick
McCoy (692-8029).
Aloha,
DON HIBBARD, Administrator
State Historic Preservation Division
PM.arnk
EXHIBIT
4 F'n~~ nH9
4P' 1958 • ~i
BENJAMIN J. CAYETANO % -
GOVERNOR BRUCE S. ANDERSON, Ph.D., M.P.H.
DIRECTOR OF HEALTH
vB BVB
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
P ,O. Box 916
HILO, HAWAII 96721-0916
DATE: May 10, 2000
TO: Virginia Goldstein
Planning Director, County of Hawaii
FROM: Aaron Ueno,_b (A
1, District Environmental Health Program Chief
SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ 00-004)
Applicant: K.R.S. Development, Inc.
Request: A-40a to A-5a
Tax Map Key 6-2-001 091
Underground Injection Systems (Ph. 586-4258) which receive wastewater or storm run-offs from
the proposed development need to address the requirements of Chapter 23, Hawaii State
Department of Health Administrative Rules, Title 11, "Underground Injection Control."
By current rules, the subject lots are located in a Critical Wastewater Disposal Area. A lot size of
five (5) acres or more are required for the use of a cesspool. Only one (1) cesspool would be
allowed on the lot. A septic tank system would be needed if a second wastewater disposal system
is needed on these lots.
WP7.0:REZ 00-004.at
EXHIBIT
.1
! DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPOR- M
HIGHWAYS DIVISION
HAWAII DISTRICT
50 MAKA'ALA STREET
HILO, HAWAII 96720
TELEPHONE: (808)933-8866
FAX: (808)933-8869 HWY-H
20 -
-PLANNING DIRECTOR, COUNTY OF HAWAII
STATE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING, DOT
.~yPLANNING BRANCH, HIGHWAY DIVISION, DOT
FROM: STANLEY TAMURA, HAWAII DISTRICT ENGINEER
SUBJECT: SEEADJOINING PAGE (if shown). Application No.
Transmitted as follows:
-We have no objections to this application.
-Not applicable to State Highway System.
Comments of Letter No. HWY-H dated will stand.
For review and comment to County of Hawai'i, Planning.
~c With comments shown below.
MORE INFORMATION NEEDED
Drainage and flood patterns at existing drainage structures on State highway.
y_ Drawings showing existing driveways with dimensions.
x Construction plans (for review and approval).
-Drainage plans and calculations.
Traffic Impact Analysis Report (for review and approval).
I
ACCESS OMM NT / ONDITION
! _ Channelization of access intersection.
Traffic signalization at
x. Street lighting at I c I
j >w, No vehicle access, 10-ft. planting screen easement other than at access points
Common access driveways for lots j L
j No access will be allowed from the State Highway. -
Highway Improvements required from this application shall be provided at no cost to the State and shall
conform to Hawaii Statewide Uniform Design Manual for Streets and Highways and the Specifications
for Installation of Miscellan ou Improvements within State Highways.
OTHER COMMENTS/CONDITIONS
No additional storm discharge shall be allowed onto the State's right-of-way.
Metes and bounds discrepancy, contact State Highways
Future highway corridor will affect lots:
_ Show control of access along highway.
Shall participate in their prorata share of future highway impacts and improvements
Guardrails for all lots (lower ones) that require protection from highway traffic
- - - -
ABOVE CONDITIONS EFFECTIVE FOR TWO (2) YEARSFROM DATE-SHOWN.
Contact Person Stephanie Dodge
State Highway Project No, H.• y, . I I r't EXHIBIT
\f _
BENJAMIN J. CAVETANO
ESTHER VEDA
GOVERNOR EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Sena M~~
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 8, TOURISM
LAND USE COMMISSION
P.O. Box 2359
Honolulu, HI 96804-2359 -
Telephone: 808-587-3822 v":>
Fax: 808-587-3827 CP
May 25, 2000 F
Ms. Virginia Goldstein, Director
Planning Department
County of Hawai' i
25 Aupuni Street, Room 109
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Dear Ms. Goldstein:
Subject: Change of Zone Application (REZ 00-004)
Applicant: K.R.S. Development, Inc.
Request: Agricultural 40-acres (A-40a) to Agricultural 5-acres (A-5a)
TMK Nos.: (3) 6-2-001: 091
We have reviewed the subject application as transmitted by your letter dated
May 4, 2000, to change the zoning for the subject parcel from A-40a to A-5a located in
Lanikepu, Waimea, South Kohala, Hawaii.
Based upon our review of the subject application, we have the following comments:
1) We confirm that the subject parcel is in the State Land Use Urban District as depicted in
Exhibit "I" Site Plan.
2) As described on page 1 of the subject application, the parcel appears to part of a previous
Commission docket, LUC Docket No. A86-601/Richard Smart Revocable Trust. The
project was part of the Parker Ranch 2020 Plan that involved the reclassification of
approximately 404.34 acres from the State Land Use Agricultural to the Urban District in
which the Decision and Order was filed April 20, 1987.
3) The Applicant should clarify if they intend to revert the parcel to the State Land Use
Agricultural District in light of their interest to retain agricultural zoning for the parcel.
(EXHIBIT
Ms. Virginia Goldstein
May 25, 2000
Page 2
We have no further comments. Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on
the subject application.
If you have any questions in regards to this matter, please contact me or Russell Kumabe
of my staff at 587-3822. Thank you for your cooperation in this matter.
Sincerely,
ES'rHER UEDA
Executive Officer
EU:aa
cc: Office of Planning
MOOERS ENTERPRISES, LLC
P.O. Box 1 101
KAMUEL.A, HAWAII 96743
June 7, 2000
Ms. Virginia Goldstein
Director
Planning Department
County of Hawaii
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Re: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION NO. 00-004
AGRICULTURAL 40-ACRES (A-40a)
TO AGRICULTURAL 5-ACRES (A-5a)
APPLICANT: K.R.S. DEVELOPMENT
TAX MAP KEY (3) 6-2-01:91
OHIA KU, LANIKEPU, SOUTH KOHALA, HAWAII
Dear Ms. Goldstein:
I have reviewed the comments from the Department of Health dated May 10, 2000, and from the
Fire Department dated May 23, 2000, on the application described above. The applicant will
comply with requirements of the Department of Health and the Fire Department in the
construction of the proposed five lot subdivision.
If you or your staff require additional information or have any questions, please contact me
directly. Thank you for your prompt review of this application.
Since ely,
Gregoryl Mooers
President
GRM:sp
copy: KRS Development, Inc.
EXHIBIT
PHONE: (808) 885$839
FAx: (808) 885-1 574 ,
EMAIL: GMOOERSCIBM.NET
MOOERS ENTERPRISES, LLC
P.O. Box 1 10 1
KAMUELA, HAWAII 96743
June 14, 2000
Ms. Virginia Goldstein
Director
Planning Department
County of Hawaii
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Re: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION NO. 00-004
AGRICULTURAL 40-ACRES (A-40a)
TO AGRICULTURAL 5-ACRES (A-5a)
APPLICANT: K.R.S. DEVELOPMENT
TAX MAP KEY (3) 6-2-01:91
OHIA KU, LANIKEPU, SOUTH KOHALA, HAWAII
Dear Ms. Goldstein:
I have reviewed the comments from the Land Use Commission dated May 15, 2000, and from the
Department of Public Works, Engineering Division dated June 1, 2000, on the application
described above.
The Land Use Commission comments that the property is within the Urban district and was the
subject of previous reclassification by Parker Ranch. We confirmed this in our application. The
applicant does not intend to reclassify the property to the Agricultural District as the applicant
believes given the poor quality of the soil that the use of the subject property and the adjoining
properties is and will be more urban in nature.
The Engineering Division has commented in several areas. I have already discussed my responses
with Ki Emler from the Engineering Division of the Department of Public Works and will provide
him a copy of this letter as well.
Building:
Any buildings that are constructed on the subject property will conform to all codes and statutes
pertaining to building construction.
PHONE: (808) 885-6839
FAX: (808) 885-1574
EMAIL: GMOOERS@IBM.NET
Ms. Virginia Goldstein
June 14, 2000
Page Two
Drainage:
The applicant will comply with all provisions of Chapter 27 - Flood Control. The portion of the
property that is located in Zone "A" is along the Lanikepu Gulch. No improvements or land
altering activities are planned for this area. If in the future there are plans for this area, the
applicant will comply with the proposed condition #4 in the DPW memo.
Earthwork:
The applicant will comply with Chapter 10, Erosion and Sediment Control, as proposed by DPW.
Solid Waste:
The applicant will comply with the condition as proposed by DPW and prepare a solid waste
management plan.
Roadways:
The applicant has had conversations with the State Department of Transportation staff in Hilo and
Honolulu and will develop an intersection that will meet with the approval of DOT. Please see
the DOT comments included as Exhibit "G" in our application.
The applicant disagrees with comment #2 suggesting connecting our roadways to adjoining
properties. The subject parcel is a triangularly shaped parcel with one side being Kohala
Mountain Road, the second being Lanikepu Gulch and the third being parcel TMK: 6-2-01:09.
There will be roadway access to Kohala Mountain Road via the proposed cul-de-sac that will
provide access to the five proposed lots.
The applicant does not believe there is any public purpose served by providing access to and or
over the Lanikepu Gulch, as the properties on the south side of the gulch are developed and there
are no roadways that the applicant could connect to. The expense to construct a bridge and
roadway over the gulch and stream without a connection to a roadway on the other side is
unjustified.
Public comments and previous conditions of zoning for the adjoining property have been
consistent in discouraging the connection of parcel 6-2-01:09 to Kohala Mountain Road. The
access to this property has always been proposed to be from Kawaihae Road. See conditions of
approval for the Parker Ranch 2020 plan.
The interior roadway will meet the standards as outlined in the Subdivision Control Code and
with the approval of the Department of Public Works.
Ms. Virginia Goldstein
June 14, 2000
Page Three
If you or your staff require additional information or have any questions, please contact me
directly. Thank you for your prompt review of this application.
Sincerely,
GregoryR. Mooers
President
GRM: sp
copy: KRS Development, Inc.
DPW-Engineering Division
`~ • •
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View of proposed access point from Kohala Mountain Road.
.;un-12-00 01:30P C Tf 1MI ENGINEERING P_01
C. Takumi Engineering, Inc.
Civil Engineering Consultants r-- - - I
18 Central Avenue
Wailuku, Hawaii 96793
Phone: (808) 249-0411
Fax: (808) 249-0311
June 12, 2000 July
y
SMITH DEVELOPMENT
10z.3 Makawao Ave., Suite 208
Makawao, HI 96768
SUBJECT: Ohia Ku Subdivision Project Job No. 005-008
Waimea, Hawaii
Dear Sir:
We have reviewed the Intersection Sight Distance presented for TMK: (3) 6-2-01: por. 009 along
the Kohala Mountain Road. Based upon the design criteria and field verification, we have
determined that the intersection sight distance comply with the State Highways Division
Intersection Sight Distance Criteria for 3-leg intersections.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to call Carl Takumi at (808) 249-0411.
Very truly yours,
C. Takumi Engineering, Inc.
Carl K. Takumi, P.E.
INTERSECTION SIGHT DISTANCE CRITERIA
(3-Leg SntenecUona)
X = Width of Opposing Lanes
Application Design Speed
(mph) < 22, 34' 467 58' 76r
is 120 170 200 .230 Y50
20 170 230 265 295 320
51009 25 305 350 385 415
is 30 310 390 440 480 515
LSD 35 4 5 S00 555 600 640
(To the 3S 40 05 615 670 720 765
Left 6c Right) 45 6 5 755 820 875 925
SO 77D 900 970 1030 1080
55 935 1088 1155 1220 12TS
66 1200 I255 1340 1405 1465
The fire! ol'X- to to IM lAY
ISO to Lh N .dqo of 'he oppminQ yawl woY. tSD to 1pht 4
m.....•.a Mwq Incluo,nQ .ny 4II-W m lane m...y..y .bnQ
m.. nti tlti. I1M
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rec.
L+~v Edae o raver Glai_
Cdg. nl Sho Al
or C. b Llr
fr.wlw.Y ls•
71 (]Q.MInO
fI,,~ of Ey.
u0TE.'
1• lidgki of Driveru Eye: 3.SOFf.
z Hdjht of VeWw-k t 4.2S Ft
INTERSECTION SIGHT DISTANCE
r V
INTERSECTION SIGHT DISTANCE
FOR TMK: (3)6-2-01:009 por.
KOHALA MOUNTAIN ROAD
POSITION "A" - EXISTING GATE
location of "REDUCED SPEED 25 MPH" sign dge of pavement
it
E 420'
580' _
edge of pa _ locauon of 25fv1PH sign Y
'--X--
location of eye 15' from white line
POSITION "B" - 80' WEST OF GATE
location of "REDUCED SPEED 25 MPH' sign edge of pavement
4 500'
520' _
edge of pavement - ' - _ _ -location of 25 MPH sign
-X
location of eye 15' from white line
NOTES:
Height of driver's eye: 3.50 feet
Height of Vehicle: 4.25 feet
The posted speed limit approaching from the right is 25 mph until just before the proposed
intersection (please see drawing), where it changes to 35 mph. The posted speed limit
from the left is 35 mph, with a posted warning of "REDUCED SPEED 25 MPH" at the
left hand sight limit (see drawing) and the 25 mph sign just to the right of the intersection.
The required sight distance for a posted speed limit of 25 mph (design speed 30 mph) is
310 feet. The required sight distance for a posted 35 mph (design speed of 40 mph) is 505
feet.
CONCLUSION:
Adequate sight distance in both directions is achievable for the proposed intersection.
• •
• • • 0
SITE DISTANCE PHOTOGRAPHS
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Looking east toward Hawaii Preparatory Academy.
la. i,y ?�• J in 4 G
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Looking west from entrance up Koha ➢a Mountain Road.
SITE DISTANeE PHOTOGRAPH • } 1 0 ' / 4� H e�i • Y XI S }
ta k 1 '�' )' j '• 1
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Looking northwest toward Hawai Pr eparatory Academy entrance from Lanikepu.
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zo
Ohiaku Subdivision - Planning Commission - 7-7-00
My name is Robert Henricksen. I thank you for allowing me to
appear here today. I ask you to disapprove the proposed Ohiaku
Subdivision, on the grounds that its driveway would create an additional
traffic hazard on the Kohala Mountain Road just up from Hawaii
Preparatory Academy, near our home.
My wife Betty and 1 moved to Waimea from Honolulu in I971,
and I have been a member of the South Kobala Traffic Safety Committee
most of that time. We have lived near H.P.A. for 28 years, and directly
across from the school for 22-1/2 years, on the makai side of the
Mountain Road.
Also, 1 am a life and disability General Agent and Chartered Life
Underwriter, in the business since 1966, and although I'm not licensed
for auto insurance, my first two death claims were from auto crashes.
I do not oppose creating houselots on that hill, my only problem is
with creating an additional serious traffic hazard. I do not have five
cents riding on this issue, one way or another. My sole concern with
development in this area over the past several decades is traffic safety.
On June 13, our Traffic Safety Committee considered this issue.
Five residents, who all live on the makai side of the highway, came to
that meeting, which is most unusual. Every one of them spoke against
the creation of this hazard, based on their long personal observation of
the actual traffic conditions in this area. The one and only person who
has lived in the general area who spoke in favor of the project, also
happens to be financially involved in it.
Our driveway is right across the Kohala Mountain Road from
H.P.A. Our home is some 500 feet down from the highway. Lanikepu
Gulch is usually dry, but occasionally has a small to medium flow, and
has been known to nearly overflow the tunnel under the highway. What
the map cannot show, is the steepness of the grade.
I have testified before, that back in the 70s. Betty and 1 thought
about building on that hill. I spoke with Chuck Schuster, who I knew
from Rotary, at the State Highways Office in Hilo. He said to me, "Bob,
we'll never let them build on that land. There's no safe access on or off
that highway." So we dropped the idea.
1 it) nol hiltm %Nilat ir,i; napimic t. ":11~c Ulc da\ ( IIack ~cinltitt'Ifold ilia: that 1 il!' VI, luntaill k"O& hit, !!ol Alan ed I Q n1100 w1h at~llu
hI, n ipi'il,:' 1 it hind N\,' low, coi a ,i`,iii\ 11'r, p ill I Jtli.h,,
of tratI1~ ovcl [tic vcar, I ,1111 do nits knovN r.hal ha"J1am!i:d.
lout nt)v% the idea has conic up al!anl hC I)rut)u,c i entrance W
i11~`}c lot, hC1Awt:n tyre Mind cn!Nc~. uphill. and tlt.lmillill On a sleep
'r'Jlkh ,00, lust 111) WAn ,1i1;- tlriACN\;lN `;,1 -,A( ,lr~• iltiiiV' t.mldi it
with the real ,ituation in this area. I or ovci Ncar,_ %%c have %%Ywhe_[
Ow trallic I'mid up hcrc. ,l.oN\IN hilt surCIN. Ncar alm \ia!
I iur opinion is dilki-cm lions the dcNCiopcts~ We ha%c been R Id
[tic,it!h! distancc< nice[ oo1 cinin,-nit standards, 1 !tax f: ropeatc(liN asked
II IIi , Figure', thc\ arc il~nil='. conic-inphi[_' this kill(! of sleep Yradc. an.t
have not vct had specific doCUmented Coll f'irnlation. oniN 2Cncrtl1i1cd
rCaiSsLmmcc, that the cxpcil, knoNy.
Also, in all the Nears NNe have lived here, v%c do not recall ever
scOing anN detailed cheeks ot'dlr trends ill traffic voltliUC, (11' SpCCd ill
this erCa. cspeciAk ov('r the Imst do:lidi,-
What vNc vvho livc here know. t'ronl our ohscnauons and
c.Xpericncc. is that the dangers of the Cul-N es on tht• hiuhN+aN. arc
"olnpoundckl by the stccpnc,s of the t_radc. nhich --owrihutcs tr drn ln_
speeds conunonh higher than the posted linlits_ hoth uphill and domillill.
On the vvav (h iNCrs ConumL around that hhnd curNC_
Coilld he :ilddcuh haccd NNith a slovN-moN mg, ,';ir or truA pulling, ill,) into
thi hi;.hla% to tmimn-, do,iN i -ill nlN11hC dfi%CV'dN i iiir ilh,'tiit iit7i iii i,
must cars arc cnnuntz domlInli i',Ister than the postcd speed. and that
:1) dovNn'lopt: just ad(k to the problems of hrakmL ell to e(N Plus
',tilW ili'i iir,l-iiiile l1,It11rv, llyXI ilimph l\',f h\ ill\ Iwaunhil enci~N
As IS wrnin sion,_ between LA anllca tome and t11, arch arc
illank sWll~ il~idc lion) speed hula, and WS "an innnhem, Non sec,w" 1
. . 1 1 t... j'
~)l StBtC Ili°hVAaA. I~I,itl ,nn i1 1, t, ~ 1u1rliLt ;am t~i1"~.1!' 1111 (I.Hi
do ~'onlc _rnup NN ill picl. up allcr volt. n,, 110P c on hrideC And a, Nun
ippo-1a('11 th!' I,lmd culN!' oily ! 1!p tits' h!ll t1t~i OIR: ti4sl2li_Iti11° the
- 1• ~t 1;f, n, i,j1 .li _~lr 11.1.' _ili~ li1 ill. ill .r~,_ 8i1n1)i 1;._
Illt.' a Hal!"AA AN llilllll~?, iU.IN1 lt~l the ileAt 1 I1i11~A 91st[ hllunleteiti it
i r~itl~'t lii~., ~~-.1111'11%11:11 iA r ti' . - li;'.1 ~'~'iL iii"tl ,11 if. 1'• .;ii~i'~'ia,'~li'!1 i.l~.l'i-l;l l', a1 .';l L1 ;;LJ 11le L_ ~"~:~1i 1111•_. t)1 Ih;~ ~liil(IIA I~Jtll
Another problem i. the unpredfctabic weather in this area. iNhicit
often stakes tite road wct and slipper. and even harder to stop your car.
I hose who Iryc here know the weather cveles back firth over the vcars_
tmd Svc recall in the 70s a six-week period of near-continuous Waimea
slant rain. all daN and all night. right here on the drN ,ide of'town.
()it the way uohtlt. the problem is also serious. kegardless of the
speed limit signs. we who five here have seen for Nears that many drivers
speed up as they approach this steep oradc, heading into that blind curve.
We see these are not just tourists. but local people too. Speeding up is
the natural thing to do approaching it grade, and it does not do any good
to say it should not happen. It does happen, commonly, and there is no
reason to think it will not continue.
Whether Nou are headed up or domihill, the hazard of it car or
truck moNing up onto, or turning down off the highNtiaN in front ofvou,
is worsened by the fact that this is not a freewaN, where cars usually hayc
an entrN lane to pick up speed to merge with the traffic. Cars or trucks
coming out ofthe proposed driveway onto the highway. will obviously
be movino slowl}, simply because they too arc on the same hill
The problem of just one driver truing to brake in time to avoid
hitting an unexpected hazard, could be multiplied in the case of more
than one car. especially coming downhill in it line. 'The situation could
be compounded bN others are accelerating uphill at the saute time. We
knovy front ntam scars of living here. it is not at all unusual for a line of'
several cars to be coming down- and another line headed uphill. and
often goui" both av s at the same tinic.
]-here is an additional danger Nou face. which the map cannot
really sho\\ ) ou ha%c little room to escape it crash. This highway is
narrovN_ and in much of this area your onI% escape is to smash into a
bluff or roll ol'f the htghwm down the h;iL or even into Lanikepu
Stream. 20 feet do,~Nn. In this area- I do riot think v~idcntng the hfahwa\
on either side is it practical solution
Both i iamaii Prep and iNialanta Solomon havc drivcwav ~ onto tier
llwlma~ just hchm this area. but there arc mo key differcnccs 1 irst.
they are both on the mauka side and ~ccond- tht'% arc hoth further dorm
the htii on the other sick of I anli:cvl! ~ ~uic'o if Boa eo mere to loo],. you
can see on the i I P sick of I.alllkepu_ the ,rtu:uuul n not damuicr0111
a, it I. nn thr Irrlklii ~idc_ turthcr (if) ih,- htl! I 111nr•1u k ,l rl not K
ntlltln!J 1l!, ~Ma ;(`u '1() thCrC to •eC 101
voU[ull
It does not seem to me to be reasonable, or responsible, to approve
a subdivision driveway coming up onto a narrow highway, between two
blind curves and steep grades, uphill and downhill, with limited escape
routes, on the assumption that drivers will remain within the posted
speed limits, especially when those of us who live in the area know
otherwise from long observation and experience.
Finally, we all know another situation, on this island, where traffic
hazards were created in spite of warnings in advance. I am referring to
the highway through the steep slopes at the Hamakua gulches. Years ago
an engineer told us he had strongly advised that those slopes be cut back,
to reduce rock slides, especially in wet weather when the ground
becomes rain-soaked and unstable. His advice was not followed, so we
still have those steep slopes, and the periodic rock slides.
A former pastor of our church was driving to Hilo one day, and a
big rock came loose and smashed onto the roof of their station wagon,
and broke his wife's collarbone. She was in the hospital for over a
month. 1 hit a rock one rainy night coming back from Hilo, which blew
a tire and ruined a wheel. Lucky for us, a kind policeman happened by,
and pushed us off the road, so we weren't hit that dark night by another
car. Probably many of us have our own horror stories of those gulches.
I hope we do not get into another similar situation with this new
proposed hazard, where warnings are ignored, and property damage and
injuries, maybe worse, begin happening as predicted. I do not believe it
is a question of if, but rather when and how often.
There are other dangerous spots on the Kohala Mountain Road. I
do not want to think about the liability of having approved such a new
hazard. But the danger to people and property worries me the most. I
respectfully ask you to reject this application, on the ground that the
actual traffic conditions in this area would make a driveway onto the
highway an unacceptable traffic hazard.
Thank you for permitting me to speak. If you have any questions,
I will try to answer them.
MOOERS ENTERPRISES, LLC
P.O. BOX 1 101
KAMUEL.A, HAWAII 96743
June 29, 2000
N
Ms. Virginia Goldstein
Director
Planning Department
County of Hawaii u1
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, Hawaii 96720 O-n 0 -3
Re: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION NO. 00-004
AGRICULTURAL 40-ACRES (A-40a) o
TO AGRICULTURAL 5-ACRES (A-5a)
APPLICANT: K.R.S. DEVELOPMENT
TAX MAP KEY (3) 6-2-01:91
OHIA KU, LANIKEPU, SOUTH KOHALA, HAWAH
Dear Ms. Goldstein:
Your letter of June 19, 2000 forwarded comments on the application described above by the
Department of Transportation and the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Historic
Preservation Division (SHPD). I have reviewed the comments with the applicant and offer the
following responses.
The comments from the Department of Transportation were very brief and did not include areas
on which we have had discussions with them. We are committed to improving the intersection
with Kohala Mountain Road in a manner that will meet with the approval of the Department of
Transportation. These details will be worked out during the subdivision process and reflected in
the construction plans associated with that subdivision.
Bob Rechtman, our archaeologist has had extensive conversations with the SHPD staff regarding
this project. Dr. Rechtman has completed the Inventory Survey and submitted this to SHPD for
their review and approval. I understand that SHPD staff has contacted your staff to revise their
comments related to this application. It is our understanding that the applicant will be allowed to
process the change of zone application at this time, but will be required to prepare the Data
Recovery plan and Preservation Plan, which includes the Burial Treatment Plan, prior to filing the
subdivision application for this proposed project. We are diligently working toward completing
all of these plans as soon as possible.
Vii.+''
PHONE: (808) 885-6839
FAx: (808) 885-1574
EMAIL: GMOOERSCIBM.NET
Ms. Virginia Goldstein
June 29, 2000
Page Two
If you or your staff require additional information or have any questions, please contact me
directly. Thank you for your prompt review of this application.
Sincerely,
l
Greg . Mooers
President
GRM: sp
copy: KRS Development, Inc.
DPW-Engineering Division
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
KRS DEVELOPMENT, INC. TO AN 20 Pin 10 58
Real Estate Development
1043 Makawao Ave., #208 COUNTY OF 11 A 1Y ; { I
Makawao, Hawaii 96768 P L A 1, N I C DEPT.
Phone: (808) 572-3011 K O' C; i I C E
Fax :(808) 572-8378
Email: idscon@maui.net
bestoflnaui. com/mauireal. html
TO: Greg Mooers DATE: June 21, 2000
Mooers Enterprises
RE: Substitute Maps
We are sending you: X Attached Under separate cover via
DESCRIPTION:
1. (1) 24" x 36" Site Map 2. (20) 8 V2" x 11" Site Maps
IS/ARE TRANSMITTED HEREWITH:
For signature Per our conversation
X For review X Per your request
For payment X For your information
For recordation For your approval
For necessary action See remarks below
METHOD OF DELIVERY: Mail
REMARKS:
If you have any questions or need more information, please call me at 572-3011.
Mark R. Walker
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