HomeMy WebLinkAboutRES 002 Draft 02 2000-2002 COUNTY OF HAWAII STATE OF HAWAII
RESOLUTION NO. Z u0
Draft 2
ADOPTING NEW RULES OF PROCEDURE
OF THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAVb'.AI'I
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COLRdCIL OF THE COLTiTY OF HAWAII that the
attached Rules of Procedure of the Council of the County of Hawarl is hereby adopted to govern
the affairs of the Council
Dated at Hllo, Hawaii, this 4'h day of December 2000
T ED
C L IL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII
COLR~TY COLTICIL ROLL CALL VOTE _
County of Hawaii I AS FS NOES 48S EX
H110. H3wa1't ~ 4RAh AKI I
CHI;\G X ~ J
I hereby Bendy chat the foregmne RESOLCTION was b. FI ARIOVOFF
the ~ot~ indicated io the nght hereul adopted by the COI TICII o(the
( ouni~ of Ha~~ai i un December 4, ZOOO - JACOBSOK
l EITHEAD-T000 X ~ _
PISICCHIO X I
ATTI ST SAFARII~ X
IYLLR ; X
.tAGONG
j ~ 9 0 0 O J
~C Reference C-1,_~_ - _
CO~L~'~TY CLER' CHAIRMAN & PRESIDING OFFICER RESOLUTION VO ~ ao (DRAFT 21
RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY HAWAII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
RULE NO 1 IV ITIAL CONVENING OF THE COLNCIL 2
RULE NO 2 MEETINGS 3
RULE VO 3 QUORL;M 5
RILE NO 4 OFFICERS AVD THEIR DUTIES 6
RULE NO 5 COUNTY CLERK 8
RULE VO 6 COMMITTEES 9
RIiLE N'O 7 STANDING COMMITTEES I I
RULE NO 8 SUBCOMMITTEES I
RILE NO 9 AD HOC COMMITTEES 14
RULE NO 10 COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE 15
RULE VO I I COMMITTEE REPORTS I6
RILE NO 12 VOTING 17
RULE NO 13 DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST 20
RILE VO Id PETITIONS '_2
RULE NO IS PUBLIC STATEMENTS AVD TESTIMONY 23
RULE NO 16 MOTIONS 25
RULE VO 17 RECONSIDERATION 27
RULE NO I S ORDER OF BUSINESS 28
RULE NO 19 AMENDMENTS AND REVISIONS 29
RILE NO 20 SUSPENSION OF RULES 30
RULE NO 21 ORDER AND DECORUM 31
RULE NO 22 LEGISLATIVE AUDITOR 33
RULE VO 23 APPOINTMENTS 3d
RL;LE NO 24 NEWS MEDIA 35
RULE NO 25 MANDATORY PROGRAM REVIEW' 36
RULE NO 26 CERTIFICATE OF MERIT. AIEMORI,4LS, 4ND EXPRESSIONS OF CONDOLENCE 37
RLLE NO 27 BILLS AND RESOLl;T10NS 38
RULE NO 28 PARLIAMENTARY 4U'THORITY 43
RULE NO 291NVOCATIOV 44
RILE VO 30 SEVERABILITY a`
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RliLE N0 1
INITIAL CONVENING OF THE CO[~TiCIL
1 Vb'hen the time specified by law attrves for the first convening of the newly elected
council and until such time as the chair shall be elected. the mayor shall preside at such meeting
provided. however, that the mayor shall not have a vote
2 The mayor shall call the meeting to order and appoint a temporan• clerk as provided
m Section 3-6. Hawaii County Charter
3 The mayor, shall then appoint a credentials committee of not less than three
members The credentials committee shall immediately examine the credentials of the council
members elected if a majority of the credentials are m order, the credentials committee shall so
report The mayor. as the temporary chair. shall then request a motion to elect the chair of the
council
4 Immediately after being elected. the chair shall assume the position of the presiding
officer, and the council shall then elect the vice chair of the council and appoint the county clerk, as
provided by Section 3-6, Hawaii Counh Charter The council shall then adopt the council rules of
procedure and appoint the chairs and vice chairs of the standing committees by resolution
~ The rules of procedure shall become effective upon adoption and shall remain in
effect until amended or revised as provided herein
_z_ iz•aoo
RULE NO ~
MEET[NGS
1 Reeular Meetings Except as otherwise provided. the council shall meet regularly at
least hwice m every month beginning at 9 00 A M m the council meeting room at the County
building. Hilo. Hawaii, on the first and thud V~'ednesday of each month, or at other places and.'or
limes designated by [he counctl, provided, however, that the counctl shall meet at least quarterly to
the judicial districts of North Kona or South Kona, at locations and limes designated by the counctl
3 Special Meehni?s Except as otherwise provtded by law, special meetings may he
called by the presiding officer of the counctl or a ma~onty of the counctl, provtded that the date,
lime and place of such meetings are announced prior to ad~oumment of a regular meetmg,
otherwise, only upon the publication of a notice of such meetmg m at least two daily newspapers of
eeneral circulation m this county at least hwenty-four (24) hours m advance of such meeting If this
publication of notice cannot be met because of insufficient time, the meetmg notice shall be made
by broadcasting a minimum of three announcements m the English language over FCC licensed
public radio stations m this county or television stations with local audience at least twenty-four
(24) hours in advance of such meeting m accordance with Section 13-20(c), Hawaii County
Charter
3 Committee Meehnas Except as otherwise provided, those standing committees
hawing referrals shall meet beginning at 9 00 A M m the council meeting room on the day
preceding a regular council meeting or at other places and./or times destgnated by the council
4 Scheduline The council chair shall be authonzed to schedule or reschedule the lime.
date and`or subject matter of its regular, spectal. or committee meeungs and to publish public notice
upon the giving at least six (6) days nonce to the public and council members The chair shall
promptly notify all council members and the county clerk by wntten memorandum as to the
scheduling or rescheduling of any such meeungs
5 Executive Sessions The council may hold a meeting closed to the public for one or
more of the purposes set forth in Section 92-5. Hawat`i Revised Statutes, or where personal matters
affecting the pnvacy of an individual are to be considered and the individual im•olved requests a
iza•oo
closed meeting to consider such matter, however. any official action resulting therefrom shall he
acted upon to an open meeting to accordance w•tth Seaton 13-20(b), Hawaii County Charter
6 Emergency Meettnes If the council finds that an tmmtnent pent to the public health.
safety. or w•elfaze regwres a meeting m less hme than is provided for m Chapter 92, Hawaii
Revised Statutes, the council may hold an emergency meeting or add an emergency item to a posted
agenda provided
(a) The council states to wTtttng the reasons for its findings,
(b) fwo-thirds of all council members agree that the findings are correct and an
emergency exists,
(c) .4n emergency agenda and the findings are filed with the office of the county
clerk. and
(d) Persons requesting notification are contacted by mail or telephone as soon as
practicable
"Emergency" is generally confined to natural disasters where immediate relief is
needed for the public
7 Avatlabthty of Agenda to Council Members Except as othet•wtse provided by law.
the agenda and pertinent documents for a regular meeting of the council or standing committee shall
be made available at least seven (7) calendar days prior to the meeting
8 Attendance Ko council member may be absent from a meeting of the councilor a
standing committee unless such council member has been excused by the chair If a council
member is sick and/or unable to attend a meettng, pnor written notice shall be green to the chair
whenever possible
_a_ izaoo
RULE NO 3
UORUM
1 A masonry of the entire membership of the council or a committee shall constitute a
quorum for meetings, provided that a ma~onty of less than a quorum may ad~oum from hme to hme
and may compel the attendance of absent members (Section 3-7, Hawaii County Charted
The term "enure membership" means the entire membershtp of mne members, even
if there are vacancies (Section 3-7, Hawat`i County Charter)
2 Public heazmgs. workshops. site visitations and meetings not requiring any action
mad convene with less than a ma~ont~, provided the requirements of the Hawaii County Charter
and the Hawaii Revised Statutes are met
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RULE NO 4
OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES
The officers of the council shall consist of the chair and vice chair w•ho shall perform the
duties prescribed by law and these rules Each shall be elected by a ma~onty vote of the enure
membership of the council and serve at its pleasure Any vacancy shall be filled m like manner
1 Prestdtn~ Officer The chair of the counctl shall be the presiding officer of the
council and have the right to vote as other members In the absence or disability of the chair, the
vice chair shall act as the presidmg officer In the absence or disability of both the chair and vice
chair. the counctl shall elect from among its members a temporan• presidmg officer
It shall be [he duty of the chair to
(a) Open all meetings of the council at the appointed hour by taking the chav and
calking the counctl to order
(b) Call for the approval of the minutes of the preceding meeting
(c) Maintain order and proper decorum and reasonably administer the receipt of
oral and w•ntten testtmom- in accordance w•tth these rules The chair shall not
engage m debate or discussion of any issue unless first relinquishing the chair
to the vice chair
(d) Announce the business before the council in the order prescribed by these
rules and the results of am• counctl vote
(e) Stgn all documents and authenticate all official acts of the council as
required
(f) Receive all reports. communications, bills. resolutions. and other items from
the public. the mayor. various departments of the government, and individual
council members. and immediately make the proper referrals of these matters
to the council or to the appropriate committee chair(s) All communications
shall be numbered and made available to the public, except as otherwise
provided by law (Section 13-20(a), Hawaii County Charier)
(g) Authorize (approval or deny) requests for items to be waived to the council
agenda upon w•rnten approval of the committee chair
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(h) Provide for the coordination of all meetings, functions, and legtslauve and
admintstrattve actrv~ues of the council and see that they are honestly.
efficiently and lawfully conducted
(Q Make known all rules of order when so requested and decide all questions of
order and procedure, subject to appeal by the council
Q) Serve as the chief spokesman and representative of the council for matters
before the public, the state and the federal governments, and the counh
admm~stration, m accordance with the official posrtton of the council
(k) Assist the chairs and members of the commntees and subcommittees by
assuring the ayailabil~ty• of adequate administrative and staff support
(I) Authorize (approve or deny) all travel requests of council members and staff
as provided in the Section 13-17, Hawat`~ County Charter, and Article 16.
Section 2-94(a) and (b), Hawa~`i County Code
(m) Recommend a calendar of events to include council meetings, committee
meetings, agenda deadlines. recesses. special meetings. holidays. etc
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RULf• NO ~
COLRdTY CLERK
I County Clerk The county clerk shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of
the counctl under the dtrect supen•tston of the chart
3 It shall be the duty of the county clerk, m addmon to those dunes prescribed by law.
mdudm~ Section 3-6(h), Hawat`t County Charier. to
(a) Be responstble for the admtntstratton of the office of county clerk
(h) Have charge of all the records of the counctl. keep an accurate journal of
proceedings, and make accessible to the general public, m a timely manner.
all written materials of publtc record and be responstble for same
(c) Forward at once to the chair and counctl members all official reports,
communications and other matters related to the council's business
(d) Sen•e m all matters as clerk of the counctl and perform all clerical and office
dunes pertaining to such position as the counctl shall from time to time dtrect,
as well as other dunes assigned by law or these rnles
(e) Attend all counctl meetings and read bills, resolutions. and other matters to
the counctl, as required
(f) Maintain order among those members of the publtc present at counctl
meetings and. wfien regwred by the presiding officer. remove any person who
violates these rules
(g) Exercise dtrect supervision over agencies and the staffof the legislative
branch of the county
(h) Be the authorized representative for the Committee on the Destruction of
Records
_g. 124.00
RULE NO 6
COMMITTEES
I Type There shall be four (4) hpes of committees. namely
(a) Standing Committees
(b) Subcommittees
(c) Ad Hoc Committees
(d) Committee of the Whole
2 Establishment The members of the council shall establish all standing committees
and designate the committee chair and vice chair of each standing committee by resolution at the
moral comenmg of the council The other committees shall be established in accordance with these
Hiles
3 Members The chair and all members of the council shall be members of each
standing rnmmittee with voting pnvileges Membership m the other committees shall be m
accordance with these rules
-i Procedures
(a) All referrals fotu~arded to the standing committees shall, upon compliance
with the mandated six-calendar day posting nonce, be placed on the agenda of
the respective standing committees upon the direction of the committee chair
(b) Am recommendation or determination by a committee shall be dispensed
with by a formal motion and vote
(c) A standing committee may expedite its business by means of referring
matters to a subcommittee or an ad hoc committee
(d) A public heanng may be regwred by an af~irmattve vote of three standing
committee members The time and place of a public hearing shall be set by
the chair or by a ma~onty vote of the committee and may be held m the area
or distnc[ affected
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Committee Chair
(a) The chair of each committee shall preside at all meetings, and prepare and be
responsible for agenda and reports for each meeting
(b) In the absence of the chair, the vice chair shall perform the dunes of the chair
In the absence of both the chair and vice chair of a standing committee. the
commtttee shall elect from among ns members a temporarv• chair
(c) The chair of each standing committee shall receive all referrals to the
commtttee and may place referrals on the agenda, provided that bills,
resoluuons or matters required by law for council action shall be placed on
the committee agenda within the next two scheduled meettngs At the request
of any council member, the appropriate standing committee chair shall place
the requested item(s) on the agenda within the next two standing committee
meetings
(d) Upon a written request and with the written concurrence of the appropriate
standing committee chair, the council chair may authorize any item to be
waived from the standing committee directly to the council agenda
6 Other In all other matters, committees shall conduct then business to accordance
with these rules, the Hawaii County Charter, and the Hawaii Revised Statutes
_ io_ izaoo
RCLE NO 7
ST.4VDING COMMITTEES
I There shall be five standing committees as follows
(a) Committee on Finance
(b) Committee on Planning
(c) Committee on Public Works and Intergovernmental Relations
(d) Committee on Pazks and Environmental Management
(e) Committee on Human Services and Economic Development
The chairs and vice chairs of each commmee shall be determined by resolution
The scope and responsibilities of the standing committees shall include, but
not be limned to, the following
(a) Committee on Finance
platters related to auditing, budget, capital improvement projects.
improvement districts, lease agreements, appropriations, genera]
obligation and revenue bonds, taxes, intergovernmental revenues.
licenses, fees, liquor control, animal control, data systems, police and
fire protection, personnel transactions, and civil defense
(2) Matters related to the establishment of the annual county operating
and capital budgets, including the setting of real property tax rates
(b) Committee on Plannme
(1) Matters related to public lands. general plan, community development
plans, subdivision control. zoning, land use, infrastructure
requirements, coastal zone management, forestn•. historic sites and
trails. cultural resources, water and water development. street names
and public access
(c) Committee on Public R%orks and Intergovernmental Relations
(1) Matters related to management of public facilities, building, fire,
plumbing and related codes, dedication deeds, street and other public
improvement dedications, easements, cemeteries, highways. flood and
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drainage, public uulrties, traffic control, sign regulations. and
beauuficatton
(2) Matters related to public transportauon,'mass trans[[
(3) Matters related to state and,~or federal legislation, Hawaii State
Association of Counties. National Association of Counties.
state/counn• overlapping functions, and federal, state and county
agency relations
(d) Committee on Pazks and Environmental Manar?ement
Matters related to parks and recreation and youth and elderly
ac[ivrties
(Z) Matters related to the protection, preservation, and enhancement of
the environment, management of solid and hazazdous waste,
wastewater, and recycling programs
(e) Committee on Human Sen•ices and Economic Development
(1) Matters related to energy and related industries. research and
economic development programs, market development, tourism,
education, scientific research, food processing. health care. astronomy
and space projects, diversified agriculture, aquaculture, foreign trade
zones, enterprise zones, telecommunications, and industrial activmes
(2) Matters related to human services and social sen•ice agencies and
non-profit programs
_ ~ z _ 12 •~'oo
RULE NO 8
SUBCOh9MITTEES
1 Estabitshment A standing commtttee may, by adopting a motion of a ma~onty of its
members. initiate and establish a subcommtttee
2 Pumose The chair of [he mmatmg committee shall spectfi the purpose of the
subcommtttee and shall set a schedule for the completton of its work
3 Chair The chair of the mthaUng commtttee shall remain as chair of the
subcommtttee. unless otherwise specified by a ma~orny of the members of the standing commtttee
-l Members The members of an} subcommtttee shall be selected from members of the
uuuaUng committee and shall consist of not less than three (3) members who shall be selected by a
malonty rote of the members of the mmatmg commtttee
~ MeeUnes Meetings of a subcommittee shall be conducted m accordance w•tth law
and these rules
6 Reports L'pon the request of the initiating commtttee chair or at the completton of
its work. the subcommtttee shall report its findings to the mmaUng standing commtttee
7 Other In all other matters, each subcommtttee shall conduct its business to
accordance with these rules. the Hawat`t Counh. Charter, and the Hawart Revised Statutes
_ t3 _ to a•oo
RULE NO 9
AD HOC COMMITTEES
1 Establishment The chair of a standing commtttee may mittate and estabhsh an ad
hoc committee as needed
2 Purpose The chair of the mmating commtttee shall specify the purpose of an ad hoc
committee and set a schedule for the completion of its work
3 Chair The chair and vice chair, if any, of an ad hoc commtttee shall be appointed by
the chair of the initiating committee
4 Members The members of an ad hoc commtttee shall be selected from members of
the imttaung commtttee and shall consist of not less than three (3) members who shall be selected
by the chair of the mmating commtttee
~ Meetmes Meettngs of an ad hoc committee shall be conducted m accordance with
law and these rules
6 Reports L'pon the request of the imhattng committee chair or at the completion of
its work, the ad hoc commtttee shall report its findings to the mmatmg standing committee
7 Other In all other matters an ad hoc committee shall conduct its business in
accordance with these rules. the Hawat`t Couni<• Charter, and the Hawaii Revised Statutes
_ is _ t2 ~-oo
RULE NO 10
COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE
1 Establishment Upon a ma~onty vote of rts members, the council may resolve itself
mto a committee of the whole on any bill, resolution or matter for dtscuss~on
Chair The chair of the council shall be the chair of the committee of the whole,
unless otherwise specified by a ma~onty vote of the members of the council
3 Records The county clerk shall be the clerk of the comnuttee of the whole and shall
make a complete record of its proceedings which shall be kept as one of the public records of the
council
4 Other [n all other matters. this committee shall conduct its business in accordance
with these rules, the Hawari County Charter, and the Haw•ai'i Revised Statutes
. 19 . 12.4 00
RULE NO 11
COMMITTEE REPORTS
1 Standing committees shall report as necessan• or required on matters referred to
[hem
2 Whenever any matter is referred to a committee, n shall be the duty of such
commntee to make diligent mgwry into all of the facts and circumstances that may be connected to
such matter The corporation counsel. department heads, and other county employees may be
consulted, witnesses may be summoned and examined, documents and records requested and
researched, and, as may be permitted by law•, everything done to bring all facts pertaining to such
matters before the committee
3 The report of a committee on any matter, upon a motion duly adopted, shall be
signed by its chair and shall state the findings of fact and conclusions based thereon, together with a
dear recommendation as to the disposal of such matter The report also shall indicate the vote of
the committee
4 The report of a committee on a bill or resolution shall state clearly the amendments.
if any are proposed, however, no bill or resolution may be amended so as to change its original
purpose
In the event a committee fails to have total agreement, the committee chair shall
transmit a ma~onty report to the council and the same shall be the report of the commntee The
committee minority may file a separate committee report In the event that committee members are
evenly drnded on any question. the subject matter shall be forwarded to the council with no
recommendation
6 Unless waived directly [o the council. all bills, resolutions and matters requiring
council action shall he forwarded to the council with a committee report
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RULE NO 1 ~
VOTING
1 There shall be five (5) methods of voting
(a) By voice
(b) By raising of hands
(c) By nsmg
(d) By unanimous consent
(e) By roll call
2 Except on procedural motions, all voting shall be by roll call vote
3 On procedural motions, the chair, after stating the question, shall call for an "aye" or
'no'"voice vote and thereupon announce the result
Voting on every bill. resolution or nonprocedural motion shall be by roll called by
the county clerk When called, each member shall answer m a clear voice "aye" if voting m the
aftiimative. or "no" if voting m the negative The county clerk shall record each vote m the minutes
and report to the chair. who shall announce the result of the vote to the council
~ If any member shall doubt the result as announced. the chair shall state the question
and call for a vote by raising of hands The count} clerk shall count the raised hands and the chair
shall announce the result Upon the request of any member of the council on any motion. the clerk
shall use a roll call vote
6 Any council member who has reservations. pro or con, on any motion ma} vote in a
clear voice "kanalua " After all the members have voted. the committee chair or clerk, as the case
may be, will again ask any members who voted "kanalua" to give a voice vote If the voting
member again votes "kanalua." the vote shall be recorded as an "aye" vote
7 No member shall refrain from voting unless excused by the presiding officer or is,
otherwise, excused as provided herein Unless a member is excused from voting. silence shall be
recorded as an aftirmative vote
8 Whenever the ayes and noes are called. a council member shall not be permitted to
explain a vote After the announcement of the result, a council member shall not he permitted to
change a vote
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9 In the event of a tie vote, the following procedures will be promulgated
(a) In the case of a tie vote on any matter considered by a committee, the
committee shall refer the matter to the council with no recommendation
(b) In the case of a tie on any matter considered by the council, the matter shall
be placed on the agenda at the next counctl meeting However. should the
council be unable to derive any ma~onty• vote on any matter due to
abstentions or members being excused from young, the motion shall be
determined to have been denied In determining the motion as having been
denied, the matter need not be filed by a motton adopted by the ma~onty of
the council
10 Official Action iro official action shall be taken except at a meeting open to the
public in accordance with Sechon 13-20(b), Hawaii County Charter Business conducted by the
council dunng a meeting, which does not conform to the provisions of Section l ~-20, shall be null
and void m accordance with Sechon 13-20(d), Hawaii County Charter
Except as otherwise provided by law or these rules, "Official Action" means a
collective decision or an actual vote by a ma~onty of the members of the council, when sitting as a
body or an entity, upon any matter before the council (Section 3-20, Hawaii County Charter)
11 Unless otherwise provided, the vote of a majority of the enure membership of the
councilor committees shall be necessary to take any action
L' An affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the entire membership of the council
shall be required to
(a) Authorize the issuance of general obligation bonds,
(b) Override the mayor's veto (Sechon 3-12, Hawaii County Charter),
(c) Authorize the employment of special counsel (Sechon 5-2 5, Hawaii County
Charter).
(d) Make an emergency appropnauon by ordinance (Sections 3-1 1 and 10-5,
Hawaii County Charter),
(e) Amend the capital budget (Section ]0-6(d), Hawai`i County Charter),
(f) Cut off debate by a motion to the previous question,
(g~ Revise or suspend these rules,
. i g _ 12.4 %00
(h) Initiate amendments or revisions to the Hawari County Charter. or
(i) Authonze executive sesswns (Section 92-4, Hawaii Revised Stanites)
13 Upon cone-third vote of the entve membership. the council shall be regwred to
(a) Hold full readings and publu heanngs on ordinances or resolutions
(Section 3-9, 3-10(a), Haw•ai'i County Charter), or
(b) Lay over an amended bill for at least one week before final reading
(Section 3-]0(d). Hawari County Charter)
14 Bills and resolutions covering similar subject matters and requiring three readings for
approval may be considered and voted upon as a group on first reading with the unanimous consent
of the entire membership
_ ,9 _ iz•v-oo
RULE NO 13
DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST
1 Any member who has a substantial financial and/or personal interest, direct or
indirect. in any action proposed or pending before the council or a committee, shall make full
disclosure m wTitmg to the chair of such interest pnor to the taking of any vote thereon as provided
by Section 14-3(a), Hawari County Charter
2 Any member who has a substantial financial and; or personal interest directly affected
in an}• action proposed or pending before the council or a committee shall refrain from deliberating
on said action and shall be excused from voting on the matter thereon
(a) "Substantial" means an interest which is sufficient m magnitude to inFluence
one's official action
(b) "Financial interest' means an interest held by a council member, his or her
spouse, or dependent children which is
(I) an ownership interest m a business.
(2) a creditor interest m an insolvent business,
(3) an employment, or prospective employment, for which negotiations
have begun,
(4) an ownership interest m real or personal propem.
(5) a loan or other debtor interest, or
(6) a directorship or otficership m a business
3 Such written disclosure of financial or personal interest in any proposal pending
before the council and its committees, shall be recorded in the minutes of the meetings of the
council and its committees and shall be made a matter of public record pnor to the taking of any
vote on such proposal as provided m Section 14-3(b), Hawai'i County Charter Such wntten
disclosure shall be applicable to all subsequent actions relating to the same subject matter
-zo- iza•oo
4 Pnor to any vote m the council or a commtttee on a proposal for which the council
member has made a w-ntten disclosure of a financial or personal interest. the council member shall
also orally disclose the interest to the council or committee after each motion and second on the
proposal, but before the commencement of debate on the motion or, if there is no debate, before the
calling of the question on the motion
_ ~ I _ 12.4'00
RULE NO 14
PETITIONS
1 Any person may pettuon the council Petitions shall be to writing, signed by the
pettuoners
2 All petitions and other papers addressed to the counctl shall be presented by the chair
or by a counctl member, and shall be endorsed by the person presenting rt The petnton or other
papers shall be made part of the official records kept by the clerk, provided that all documents so
received shall be referred to committee, as appropriate
3 A brief statement of the contents of any pettuon or other papers shall be made
verbally by the one presenting the same
4 Peuttons relating to Inrttattve and Referendum shall follow procedures pursuant to
Article XL Hawat't County Charter
tiaoo
RULF NO 15
PUBLIC STATEMENTS AND TESTIMONY
1 Wntten testimony Wntten testimonies shall be recet~•ed for the record on ain
agenda item If possible, fifreen (15) written copies of the testimom~ should be prepared for
presentation to the council or committee 24 hours pnor to convening of the meeting
3 Oral Testtmon~• Oral statements from any member of the public shall abide by the
following
(a) Pursuant to Chapter 9?, Haw•at`t Revised Statutes. any person wishing to
present oral testimony on any agenda item may do so consistent w•tth this
rule
(b) Persons wishing to present oral testimony relating to items listed on the Order
of Business shall register with the clerk pnor to the convening of the meeting,
giving their name. address, the organization they represent. if any, and the
item on which they wish to speak and their postnon thereon. if any Each
person may speak for three minutes subject to the discretion of the presiding
officer
(c) Each person must speak at the time of calling, unless the presiding officer
determines otherwise
(d) No person will be allowed to speak twice on the same subject
(e) Airy person wishing to speak on more than one subject shall register
separately for each agenda item
(f) Those speaking shall direct [heir remarks to the presiding officer and nut to
any individual counctl member or person m the audience
(g) All members of the public shall extend proper courtesy and respect to one
another and to all counctl members, and all persons shall be addressed by
their surnames No profanity or abusive remarks will be allowed at any time
m am meeting
(h) Any person, not a member of council, who shall be disrespectful to the
council or am' committee b}' any disorderly or contemptuous behavior m its
presence or who disrupts the exercise of any legislator's function, may he
removed from the meeting at the discretion of the pres~dmg officer
Any person may speak for three minutes on matters not on the agenda at the
end of the council or committee business, subject to the discretion of the
pres~dmg officer and these rules
Any person who does not abide by these rules may be ruled ou[ of order by
the presiding ofticer
3 Nothing m this rule shall d~mmish the responsibility or the authonty of the presiding
ofticer to matntam order and decorum
_ ~q _ i z a'oo
RULE NO 16
MOTIONS
1 No motion may be received and considered by the council or a committee until the
same has been seconded
2 Unless otherwise provided, motions and amendments may be verbal, but shall be
reduced to writing. if requested by the presiding officer, and shall be read, if so requested by a
council member
3 After a motion is stated or read. it is deemed to be m the possession of the council or
committee. and tt shall be disposed of by vote of that body However, any motion may be
withdraw•ri by the movant with consent of the cortespondmg second at any time before a decision or
amendment
4 R%henever any question is under discussion, the precedence of motions thereto shall
be to
(a) Lay on the table
(b) The previous question
(c) Postpone to a certain time
(d) Commit (or refer)
(e) Amend
(f) Postpone indefinitely
(g) Close file on subject matter
The first two motions shall be decided without debate
(a) Previous Question The object of a motion for the previous question is to cut
off debate However. when this motion is tamed by two-thirds (2/3)
ma~onn, the introducer of the main subject under discussion shall be
permitted to close the debate, after which the main question shall be put,
provided. however, that the introducer may delegate to another such tight to
close
_~s_ 12400
(b) Postpone Indefinitely When a question is postponed indefinitely, the same
shall not be acted upon again or revived at any subsequent meeting of the
council which so disposed of such questions unless by consent of the ma~onty
of the council
5 When a motion in one of the above-mentioned categories or another incidental
motion fails or is decided m the negative. the same shall not be revived at the same meeting relative
to the main question under discussion if all fail or are decided m the negative. the only remaining
question shall be as to the passage or adoption of the bill, resolution. or other main question
6 Adtournment Meetings may be ad~oumed at any time by motion and vote Unless
otherwise specified m the motion, every meeting shall be considered ad~oumed to the usual hour of
meeting on the next regular meeting date A motion to adjourn is always m order and shall be
decided without debate One motion to ad~oum shall not follow another without mten•enmg
business
_ 26 _ 12 q00
RULE NO 17
RECONSIDERATION
1 When a mouon has been made and carried m the affirmative or negative, any council
member toting with the ma~onty may move for a reconsideration of the vote on the motion at the
same meeting or at the next regular meeting
2 A mouon to reconsider the vote taken at the time any bill or resolution fails to pass
final reading shall not be voted upon until twenty-four (24) hours have elapsed. in which case the
bill or resolution shall be placed on the agenda for the next regular meeting, and the vote on the
motion to reconsider and the vote on the reconsideration shall be taken at that meeting
i A request for a motion to reconsider a measure may be made m wrung and shall he
placed under "other business" on the agenda of the next regulaz meeting
4 When a motion for reconsideration is first made and tamed at the next regular
meeting. the bill or resolution shall be placed on the agenda for the next regular meeting under
"Other Business "
~ Until the motion to reconsider has been decided. the bill or resolution shall remain m
the possession of the council, and the clerk shall not transmit, file, or o[hei•w•ise dispose of it, unless
tt is deemed filed pursuant to ordinance or the time for its passage has expired by operation of law
If the mouon to reconsider fails. the vote previously taken on the bill or resolution shall become
final, and the clerk shall so note in the journal
6 A mouon for reconsideration and any subsequent action thereon shall only be
considered m accordance with these rules and any public nonce requirements
7 Am• measure once considered shall only be reconsidered once
_ z~ _ iz•.t•oo
RULE NO 18
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Subject to the dtscrenon of the chair and pnor to the Call to Order. an invocation ma} be
delivered m accordance with Rule 29
1 The following shall be the Order of Business for the Council
I Call to Order
2 Roll Call
3 Pledge of Allegiance
4 Approval of Minutes
5 Petitions, Memonals. Commumcattons, Certificates of Ment and Expressions
of Condolence
6 Statements from the Public on Items Listed on the Order of Business
7 Order of Resolutions
8 Bills for Ordinances (First Reading)
9 Order of the Dav (Second or Final Readtng)
10 Reports
1 l Referrals for Executive Session
12 Other Business
13 Statements from the Public
14 Announcements
1 ~ Adjournment
_ 2g _ 12.4.00
RULE NO 19
AMENDMENTS AND REVISIONS
I Amendments These rules may be amended at a regular council meeting by a
resolution approved by an affirmative majority vote of the enure membership of the council.
provided that at least six (6) days advance carmen notice of such amendment(s) and meeting tie first
eiven to each member
2 Revts~ons Whenever changes of the rules aze so extensive and general that they are
scattered throughout the rules such that an entirely new set of rules called a revision ~s necessan•,
then such rev~s~on shall require the adoption of a resolution by atwo-thirds affirmative vote of the
enure membership of the council The notice regwrements shall be the same as those for
amendments
- 29 - I? x'00
RULE: NO ~0
SUSPENSION OF RULES
1 When the council or committee proposes to do something that it cannot do without
violating one or more of these rules, it can adopt a motion to Suspend The Rules interfering wnh [he
proposed action, provided, however, that neither the proposal nor the suspension shall result in a
conflict wnh any constitutional provision, local. state, or national law or the fundamental principles
of parliamentary law
2 A motion to Suspend The Rules is
(a) An incidental motion, and no subsidian,• motion can be applied to it
(b) Out of order when another has the floor
(c) Vot debatable or amendable
3 Such a motion requires atwo-thirds vote o1 the entire membership, unless otherwise
provided, and cannot be reconsidered
. 30 _ 124.00
RULE'.d0 21
ORDER AND DECORUM
I All heazings and meetings will begin promptly' at the scheduled announced time
2 A council member must be recognized by the presiding officer before speaking The
member shall address the presiding officer when recognized and shall confine discussion to the
question under debate and avoid personahues
3 Any council member who arrives late at a hearing or meeting shall refrain from
taking the council's or committee's ume with questions and inquiries on matters already discussed
~3 If any council member behaves m a disorderly or contemptuous manner during any
session of the councilor committee, the presiding officer shall order such member to cease and shall
presen•e the peace [f the council member persists, the presiding officer shall order the county clerl.
or a designated person to remove the council member from the meeting, and that council member
shal i not be permitted to be seated dunng the remainder of the session, except upon approval of the
presiding officer or by ma~onty vote of the council
All council members shall extend proper courtesy and respect to one another and to
all persons speaking before the council, and all persons shall be addressed by their surnames No
profanity or abusive remarks shall be allowed at any time in any meeung
6 Any council member, upon recognition by the presiding officer, may address another
council member or person testifying before the council or committee
7 Any council or committee member wishing to be excused for any length of ume
dunng the meeung must have permission of the presiding officer to do so (Alternative, move for
recess
S Vothmg m this rule shall diminish the responsibility or authont} of the presiding
officer to maintain order and decorum
9 No council member may speak longer than five minutes, nor may any member
speak more than twice on [he same question without leave of the presiding officer, subject to an
appeal to the council. unless the council member is the maker of the motion or sponsor of the matter
pending. m which case the council member may speak m reply, but on{y after even other council
member choosing to speak has spoken
_;i _ iz•a o0
10 In the case of the commtttee of the whole, a subcommittee, or an ad hoc commtttee. a
counctl member may speak more than rivtce on a matter before that body, bu[ only afrer even
council member choosing to speak has spoken
_ _ 12'4.00
RULE NO 22
LEGISLATIVE AUDITOR
I The legtslanve auditor shall be appointed by the county clerk with the approval of the
council and such posttton shall be exempt from evil sen•tce laws and classifications
2 The legtslativ•e auditor shall, at the dtscreuon of the counctl
(a) Assist committee chaos to the preparation and management of matters
brought before the respective committees
(b) Conduct a post audit of all transacnons and of all books and accounts kept by
or for all departments, offices, and agencies of the county
(c) Provide comprehensive research and reference services to the counctl
(d) Perform other support dunes as may be assigned by the council
3 Personnel assigned to the legislanve auditor shall report to the legtslativ•e auditor and
shall comply with internal gwdelmes established by the legtslanve auditor
4 The legtslanve auditor shall be responsible for all projects assigned by the counctl
and shall he held accountable to the counctl
izaoo
RULE NO 23
APPOINTMENTS
I Qualifications No council member shall appoint any person to any office or position
which is exempt from the civil sernce laws until satisfied by proper investigation that the person to
be appointed is fully qualified by experience and ability to perform the dupes of that office or
positwn {Secuon 13-3, Hawaii County Charter)
2 Prohibmons
(a) No person who seeks appointment or promotion with respect to any county
position shall directly or indirectly give, render or pay any money, service or
other valuable thing to any person for or m connection with their test,
appointment, proposed appointment. promotion or proposed promotion
(Secuon 13-10, Hawaii County Charter)
(b) No councilor stat~'member who has the power ofappomtment by the
Hawaii County Charter or ordinance shall appoint, employ. promote or
advance an individual who is a relative of the council or staff member to am
office or position under their supervision
The word "relative" shall mean an individual w•ho is related to the councilor
staff member as father, mother, son. daughter, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, first
cousin. nephew, niece, husband, wife, father-in-law, mother-m-law, step-
father, step-mother. step-son, step-brother, step-daughter, step-sister. halt=
brother or half-sister (Secuon 13-10, Hawaii Couni)• Charier)
(c) No council or staff member shall use their official position to secure special
privileges, consideration, treatment or exemption to themselves or any person
beyond that which is available to every other person (Section 14-216).
Hawaii County Charter)
(d) No person m a supervisory capacity shall engage m personal or business
relationships with subordinates which might intimidate said subordinate. in
the discharge of their official dunes (Secuon 14-4(b), Hawai'i County
Charter)
_ 34 _ 12•~ 00
RULE 1\O 24
NEWS MEDIA
1 Members of the news media covering the business of the council or its committees
may be assigned to selected areas by the presiding officer
2 Except as provided by law, members of the news media shall be permitted to televise
and sound-record the proceedings of [he council and its committees under such rules and•'or
conditions as the presiding officer may prescribe
_ 35 _ 12 4'OU
RULE NO 25
MANDATORY PROGRAM REVIEW
1 In order to comply with Seaton 3-16, Hawat't County Charter. relating to Mandatory
Program Revtew
(a) The counctl shall conduct a cnucal revtew of every program of all
departments or agenctes supported wholly or partially by county funds during
the counctl~s annual operating and capital budget and program approval
process
(b) The counctl, through its committee on finance, shall revtew the operating and
capital budget and program mformaUon submitted by the mayor pursuant to
Artule X. Hawat't Counrv~ Charter In addmon to information set forth m
Sections ] 0-3 and 10-b, Hawat't County Charter, the committee may request
the departments or agenctes for other information that would assist m its
revtew of the programs Such information may include, but shall not be
hmrted to, the statutory authonn for the program, program goals and
ob~echves. outcome results and a department or agency assessment of the
program's performance
(c) The committee shall report its revtew and findings to the counctl for
consideration and funding
(d) The counctl may approve a program's continued funding at existing or
modified levels, or the counctl may terminate a program and its funding
(e) If watranted, the counctl may conduct further research into a program m
accordance with these rules
2 Further research into a program or issue may be conducted by
(a) .4 standing cornmrttee
(b) The office of the legislative auditor pursuant to adoptton of a counctl
resolution
(c) An independent contractor pursuant to adoptton of a counctl resolution
_ 36 _ 124'00
RULE NO 26
CERTIFICATE OF MERIT, MEMORIALS, AND EXPRESSIONS OF CONDOLENCE
1 Certificates of meat, memorials, and expresstons of condolence are non-fegtslative to
nature and require no formal council action
Memorials and expresstons of condolence are Intended to convey the couirty's
condolences on the death of am exceptional public personality m or out of goventment who has
contributed m some way to Hawaii County or the State of Hawaii
3 The sponsoring council members shall be responsible for the securing of firm
commitments to sign the cemficates from other council members 4ny conflicts regazdmg
sponsorship or duplicated requests shall be referred to the council chair
4 The sponsoring council member shall inform the county clerk as to the necessary
particulars .4 certificate of meat shall include the name of the honoree and a brief description of
the act or achievement to be cited
Certitcates shall be issued to the honoree only True copies of any certificate shall
not be issued to spouses. officers, sponsors or the like. who aze not directly involved unless in the
case of an expression of condolence
6 All certificates which do not have a mayor impact or which do no[ affect a significant
number of people. and are received less than six (6) days before the regular meeting date of the
council. may be considered at such meeting upon a ma~onty vote by the council
_3?_ 12400
RULIr NO 27
BILLS AND RESOLGTIONS
1 General Procedures
(a) A bill or resolution may be mtroduced by any council member(s) The
original copy of any bell or resolution shall be m typewritten form, dated and
signed by the mtroducer(s) prior to consideration
(b) In order to be considered for placement on the councll or committee agenda.
all bills, resolutions. petitions, and other communications shall be filed with
the clerk by 12 00 P M ,Noon, on the moth calendar day precedmg the day of
the council meeting or by 4 30 P M on the eleventh calendaz day precedmg
the day of the committee meenng Any bills, resolutions, peUUOns, and
communications received later than said time shall be placed on the agenda of
the next regular meeting
(c) Upon compliance with the mandated six (6) calendar day posting notice, bills,
resolutions and matters requiring council action shall be placed on the council
agenda within the next two council meetings Bills, resolutions and matters
requiring council action shall be mtroduced on the council floor by the
committee chav or the member introducing the legislation
(d) Readings of bills or resolutions may be by title only, except that a full reading
may be regwred by one-third vote of the entire membership (Sections 3-9 and
3-10(a). Hawaii County Charter)
(e) Except b} a ma~onty vote of the members present, no floor amendment to a
bill or resolution shall be considered unless a copy of the amended version
has been presented to the clerk for preparation and distribution to each
council member present
(f) A bill or resolution up for final reading which has been the subject of a
substantive floor amendment at that meeting. shall not be acted upon until the
next regular meenng
_ 3 g _ 124.00
2 Bills (Section 3-lU, Hawai'i County Charter)
(a) Ordinances shall be mmated as bills which shall be passed only after two
readings on separate days except as otherw•tse provided by law Reading of
bills may be by title onl}•
(b) Every ordinance of the council shall embrace but one subject, which subject
shall be expressed in its title If an ordinance embraces a subject not
expressed in its title, only that sublect shall be void.
(c) Bills embracing
(I) The fixing of special assessments for the cost of improvements,
(2) The appropriation of public funds or authonzation of the issuance of
general obligation bonds or
(3) The imposmon of a duty or penalty on any person,
shall pass first reading by a vote taken by ayes and noes, and digests of such
bills shall be advertised once m at least two daily newspapers of general
circulation m the county. with ayes and noes, at least three days before final
reading by the council i\ot less than three copies of such bells shall be filed
for use and examination by the pubhc m the office of the county clerk at leas[
three days poor to the final reading thereof
(d) A bill shall not be amended to change its original purpose An amended bill
shall, upon aone-third vote of the entire membership. be laid over for at least
one week before final reading
(e) .4 motion to reconsider made at the time of any bill fails to pass final reading
shall not be voted upon until after twenty-four hours
(f) Ordinances shall become effective upon approval by the mayor or at such
later date as may be specified thereto
(g) A bill may incorporate therein any standard technical code or portions thereof
by reference The code. or portions, need not be published in the manner
required for ordinances, but not less than three coptes thereof shall be filed
for use and examination by the pubhc m the office of the county clerk. and
notice of the avatlabihty of said copies shall be published by the clerk
-39- 12300
(h) After enactment, ordinances shall be published once to at least two daily
newspapers of general circulation m the county Such publication shall be by
title only and shall specify the ayes and noes
3 Emergency Ordinances (Secuon 3-11, Hawat'i County Charted The county council
may adopt emergency ordmances to meet public emergencies affecting life, health or property
Such ordmances may not be used to levl• taxes, authorize the borrowing of money or to grant, renew
or extend franchises Emergency appropriations may be made pursuant to Secuon 10-8, Hawaii
Counh Charter
Emergency ordmances shall be plainly designated as such and shall contain a
declaration describing the emergency m clear and Specific terms Any emergency ordinance may be
considered and adopted after one reading. with or without amendment, or be retected at the meeting
at which the same is introduced The affirmative vote of all council members present or by hyo-
thirds of the enure membership shall be necessan for adopuon of such ordinances Emergency
ordinances shall be publtshed to the same manner prescribed for other adopted ordmances and shall
become effective upon approval by the mayor or at such later time, precedme automatic repeal. as
the same may specify
Amendments to any emergency ordinance shall be adopted to the same manner
prescribed for adopuon of emergency ordmances
Every emergency ordinance, including any amendments made after adopuon, shall
automatically stand repealed as of the sixty-first day following the date of adopuon of the original
ordinance
4 Submission of Bills to the Mayor (Secuon 3-12, Hawat`t Count~Charter) Every bill
adopted by the council shall be duly authenticated by the clerk and the presiding officers and
thereupon presented to the mayor for approval Such bill shall become effective as an ordinance
upon its approval or such later date as specified therein If the mayor disapproves a bill. the mayor
shall return the bill together with any objections m writing to the clerk within ten days (e4cludmg
Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) after receipt If the mayor does not act within such ten-day
period. the bill shall become effecuve as an ordinance as if the mayor had approved rt The
ob~ecuons of the mayor shall be entered in the~ournal of the council and the council may. after five
and within thirty days after the bill has been so returned. reconsider the vote upon the bill If the
bill. upon such reconsideration. is again passed by the affirmative vote oftwo-thirds of the enure
-ao- tz•a o0
membership, the presiding officer shall venfy that fact on the face of [he bill and such bill shall
become etTectrve as an ordinance with like effect as if approved by the mayor A bill failing to pass
upon such reconsideration shall be deemed lost
If any appropriation bill is presented to the mayor. the mayor may veto any item or
portion thereof by sinking out or reducing the same The mayor shall append any objections and the
reasons therefor to the bill at the time of signing, and the item or portion thereof so vetoed shall not
take effect unless the council shall reconsider the vote on the bill and, upon such reconsideration.
the bill is again passed by the affirmative vote oftwo-thirds of the entire membership
5 Resolutions Resolutions are non-legislative acts of the council and, except as
otherwise provided by law. no resolution shall have the force and effect of law There shall be two
basic types of resolutions which may be processed
(a) Formal Resolutions This type of resolution represents an official council
expression and, therefore, generally has considerable weight There are three
categones of formal resolutions
(1) Official decision
(A) Resolution organizing the council and staff,
(B) Resolution delineating the council's rules of procedure.
(C) Resolution calling for moratonums on parking meter usage,
traffic control. etc ,
(D) Resolution tendenng assurance of participation for
certification regwrements mandated by federal or state
agencies, e g ,HUD, block grants,
(E) Resolution approving multi-year leases, purchases, contracts,
e[c .
(F) Resolution amending the salary ordinance,
(G) Resolution approving the naming of streets, and
(H) Resolution transferring funds
(2) Legislative-like
(A) Resolution establishing real property tax rates.
(B) Resolution authonzing eminent domain proceedings,
(C) Resolution revising county fuel tax rates,
_ q I _ 12!400
(D) Resolution relating to [he abandortment or dtsposmon of
county lands,
(E) Resolunon on mmauve and referendum proceedings. and
(F) Resolution calling for the mcluston of charter amendment
proposals at the next general election
(3) Official request or optnton
(.4) Resolution requesting infomtation or a study to be conducted,
(B) Resolunon calling for state or federal action, and
(C) Resolution to a department head requesting mfotmation or
revtew• of a specific issue or nem
(b) Informal Resolutions Generally address subjects having less impact than
formal resoluttons and are categonzed as follows
(1) Automatic
(A) Resolution honoring retiring county elected officials. and
(B) Condolence resolutton on the death of any incumbent county-
elected official
(2) Optional A council member may introduce the following kinds of
optional resoluttons
(A) Condolence resolutton on the death of former elected or top
level appointed office holders m the county. state or federal
government. but not spouse of or relative thereof, and
(B) Condolence resolution on the death of any exceptional public
personality to or out of government who has contributed
stgmficantly m some way to Haw•at`t County or the State of
Hawat't
_ qZ _ 12'4'00
RULE NO 28
PARLIAMENTARY AUTHORITY
Vv hen these rules are silent, the rules of parliamentary procedure contained m the current
edition of Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised shall govern the council and its committees m all
cases to which they are applicable and m whuh they are not inconsistent with any constitutional
provision, any law, the Hawaii County Charter or these rules
-a3- izaoo
RULE NO 29
INVOCATION
1 For the purposes of this rule, the following definitions apply
(a) "Church" shall mean body, group or organization of religious believers
(b) "Invocation" shall mean a prayer or entreaty to a higher authority
(c) "Minister" shall mean one who officiates over or leads a church worship
service
(d) "Non-denominational" shall mean without regard to the tenets of a particular
church
2 Subject to the discretion of the chair, an invocation may be delivered by a minister of
a church pnor to the call to order for any council meeting The chair shall approve the selection of
the minister
3 The county clerl.'s office shall maintain a list of ministers of all faiths who hate been
asked to, or who have expressed an interest m. dehvenng the invocation The participants on the
list will be called rotationally so that no one individual is asked to say the im~ocatwn more than a
few limes per year If a participant on the list is asked, and declines more than three different
council meeting dates, he or she will be passed over for the remainder of that calendar year
A minister who is on the list as of the adoption date of this rule will be maintained on
the list until the minister asks to have his/her name removed A minister who would like to become
part of the list maintained by the county clerk's office subsequent to the adoption of this rule will be
asked to submit, on church letterhead. the minister's name, church address, home address, church
phone number and home phone number to the clerk
4 Thts program of im•ocahon shall be non-denominational
_aa_ iza%oo
RULE NO 30
SEVERABILITY
If anv rule contained herein is to conflict with the prov~s~ons of the U S Constitution, State
Constttunon, Hawat'i Revised Statutes, Hawat`t County Charter, or the Hawat`i County Code, such
rule shall he deemed invalid Such ~m~aLdrty shall not affect other rules contained herein which.
otherwise, can be given effect without the invaltd rule, and to this end these rules are severable
_a;_ izaoo