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County CoundIT ,
Puna Demographic Landscape 5;�:�'!R"'.
Census P ,`�°r .. ro
1996 ��':
opulation u�_Mr
Units of 5.oNo People
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Each circle shows an area
with a population of
about 5,000 people,
according to the 1990
Census.
Comm. N®. i q a'
Fi le No. 9°'
Ref, To:
Ref. Date JUL 1 2WV
Development permitted
for 1,500 to 2,000
dwellings, but covered
by lava since 1982.
Area of approximately
1.000 dwellings
permitted, not
including Ohana.
0
-; `,! , •ter ,,,�"'t ,' \ i X / `
""Each oval
or circle shows an area of Puna
where development is permitted for 1,500
5� to 2.000 dwellings, not Tncluding Ohana
dwellings (which have potential to double
the count). This unit of development
potential represents (at three people per
household) about 5,000 people, the size
of a town or neighborhood served by one
1
e ementary school for 400 children.
Puna Demographic Landscape The size of the oval indicates density;
Currently Permitted Development the smaller, the greater the density
of permitted development.
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What is build -.out?
Build -out is the state of the planning area when all currently permit-
ted development, plus the expected balancing land uses and infra-
structure are in place. In Puna, that means a house on every lot and
all the other uses and infrastructure that can be expected to be needed
by that population.
Why do we need to plan for build -out?
1) Infrastructure financing schemes, such as TIF , impact fees, or
improvement districts require a comprehensive plan before the
money can be spent (although sometimes the money can be collected,
and part of it used to prepare the plan, which must be approved be-
fore the infrastructure can be put in).. A comprehensive plan, by
definition, roust show how infrastructure will be supplied to all cur-
rently permitted development in the planning area.
2) Planning for build -out saves public money. 'There are two main
"police" powers -required of government:
A. public health and safety, and
B. prudent management of the public purse.
A gives government the responsibility to set the codes and stan-
dards that make infrastructure a requirement. B requires government
to plan ahead so that infrastructure money is spent wisely and for the
most efficient result.
If we do not plan for build -out, we are much more likely to have
*o re -do our infrastructure improvements again and again because
they turn out to be in the wrong place, or not big enough, or installed
before something else that should have come first.
3) By planning early, we can lower our potential environmental im-
pact and thereby substantially lower our infrastructure costs.
Problem: Lack of balancing land uses in Puna
The County of Hawaii General PIan, environmental protection and
democracy all require that a complete range of land uses be provided
in every community, so that }obs and services are located conve-
niently close to residences, and so that every community accommo-
dates its "fair share" of Locallv Unwanted Land Uses (LLTLLUs), such
as low-income housing, homeless shelters, power plants, and solid
waste disposal facilities.
Puna lacks most of these kinds of balancing land uses that would
provide a basis for economic development and necessary community
support facilities at build -out.
Problem:
Rural Character vs. Suburban Sprawl
Issues:
Present land use patterns in subdivisions are suburban sprawl that
encourage a rtcommuter culture. it
Build-out that maintains the present pattern of the subdivisions will
encourage regional facilities and further sprawl in the agricultural
belts, increasing the potential build -out population and displacing the
best agricultural lands.
Commuter lifestyles have high transportation and infrastructure costs
that require higher incomes to support and may make alternative,
traditional, and subsistence lifestyles increasingly marginal.
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Problem: Roads
Safe neighborhood roads (roads with adequate sight distance to have
time to stop before you hit a walking child) cost from $500,000 to $1
million per mile, depending upon the width and the surface applied.
The better the surface, the less the maintenance. So, figure $50 to
$100 per frontage foot, assuming you have a neighbor across the
street paying for half the road. $5,000 to $10,000 for 100' of front-
age.
This does not include the costs of the primary, secondary, and major
arterials for commuting.
The average dwelling generates 10 trips per day. Arterials can
handle from 10,000 trips per day on two-lane with access, to 45,000
trips per day for six lanes with limited access and without a one-way
rush hour. They cost from $2 million to $5 per mile, not including
intersections and bridges.
High Impact
Puna now:
158.4 feet/person
pavement
Build -out:
21.1 feet/person
pavement
Roads
Difference
Mass Transit
Pedestrian Neighborhoods
Housing Clusters
Jobs and services conveniently
close to residences
3-40 % to 2,500 % difference
paved area and cost
Low Impact
Cluster Development:
6.3 feet/person
pavement
Low Environmental Impact Lifestyles = Low Infrastructure Costs
High Impact
Septic Tank,Water Tank
Big House, 2 -car garage
Big driveway, Long Frontage
Drainage
Difference
Central water & sewer
House clustering
Pedestrian neighborhoods
50 % to 70 % less
additional run-off
50%v to 70% savings
in crest
Low Impact
No water or septic tank
Small House & Qarage
Short driveway, short frontage
Low Environmental Impact Lifestyles = Low Infrastructure Costs
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