HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0304.001 2002-2004 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS
COUNTY OF HAWAII
HILO, HAWAII
y~~ DATE: August 29, 2003
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To: LENINGRAD ELARIONOFF, Chairman r
Public Works and Intergovernmental Relations S'/2 R1C~
Hawaii County Council Gauriy found!
Thru: BRUCE C. McCLURE, Director
Department of Public Works
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From: CASEY K. YANAGIHARA, rvision Chief
Traffic Division
SUBJECT: TRAFFIC ('ODE AMENDMENT, BILL NO. 133
HIGHWAY 1 L, Mid-Block Crosswalk
As requested, attached you will find our report for the proposed deletion of the mid-block
crosswalk on Mamalahoa Highway (HWY 11).
We hope Chic explains the reasons why we chose to relocate this crosswalk to the appropriate
intersection of Ala Ke'eke'e Place.
Should there be any additional questions, please feel free to contact Casey Yanagihara in our
"Craffic Division at 961-8341.
Attachment
Copy: DPW-ENG-KON
Comm. No. 0
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CENTRAL KONA UNION CHURCH
Mid-block Crosswalk Removal /Relocation Report
SYNOPSIS: The following is a report that provides justification for the removal and relocation
of the mid-block crosswalk in front of the Central Kona Union Church, in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii.
This analysis and the proposal to remove the Central Kona Union Church crosswalk comes as a
result of a pedestrian fatality that occurred at the subject location on December 2. 2001.
SITE DESCRIPTION.• The crosswalk is situated on Mamalahoa Highway and is approximately
50 feet north of Ala Ke'eke~e Place. Adjacent to one end, on the west side of Mamalahoa
Highway is the Central Kona Union Church. Near the other end, on the east side of Mamalahoa
Highway is a preschool. The Traffic Division believes that the. crosswalk was installed to
provide a crossing point be~wccn the church and the preschool.
HISTORY: Li 2001, a new street /intersection off of Mamalahoa Highway called Ala Ke'eke'e
Place was completed. The Hale Ke'ckc'e Subdivision, which was also finished in 2001, sits
adjacent to and is accessible from Ala Ke'eke'e Place.
During the design phase of the aforementioned projects, a proposal to relocate the mid-block
crosswalk was made by the Civil Engineer to the Central Kona Union Church members. At that
time, the majority of the church community strongly opposed the proposal.
Since then, a pedestrian fatality at the crosswalk provided furtherjustificatio? and motivation to
seriously look into removing and relocating the Central Kona Union Church mid-block
crosswalk. The Traffic Division has researched the issue and found several sources that provide
theoretical and logical proof of the ineffectiveness and dangers of mid-block crosswalks.
The Traffic Division presented its finding and has now received 50%n support from the Central
Kona Union Church members, support from the Kona Traffic Safety Committee and the support
of Michael Matsukawa, Esy.
ARTICI I;S:
From the Spring 2003 Edition of Tech Transfer Pedestrian Safety:
• Over three-yuarters (78%) of all pedestrian fatalities occur at non-intersections.
• Herms' study found an increased incidence of pedestrian collisions in marked crosswalks,
compared to unmarked crosswalks.
Mid-block Crosswalk Removal /Relocation Report
July 2003
Page 2 of 3
• Under no condition did the presence of a marked crosswalk alone at an uncontrolled location
result in a significantly lower pedestrian accident rate when compared to the pedestrian
accident rate of an unmarked crosswalk.
From the article Traffic En~ineerine -Myths and Realities, by Benjamin E. Burritt, P.E.:
• Marked crosswalks are widely classified as "safety devices" and most jurisdictions give the
pedestrian the right-of-way when within them.
Tnterestiogly, however, there is strong evidence that these very facts prompt many
pedestrians to feel overly secure when using a marked crosswalk - to a degree that they
aggressively place Chemselves in a hazardous position with respect to vehicles in the
mistaken belief that the motorist can and will stop in all cases, even when it may be
impossible to do so.
[t is not unusual, also, fur this type of aggressive pedestrian behavior to cause rear-end
collisions.
• Motorists' views of a crosswalk are greatly reduced when they are at the safe stopping sight
distance -where they should be able to perceive and react to a pedestrian in a crosswalk -
due to the effects of foreshortening and distance diminishment.
• Their view of the crosswalk is further affected by road alignment, irregularities in the
pavement, and other variables like weather, dirty windshields, gl.ve, and adverse lighting
conditions.
• Meanwhile, pedestrians views of the same crosswalk are quite impressive and they are prone
to assume that, since they can see the crosswalk so well, certainly motorists can see itjust as
clearly.
This resulting overconfidence is seen as another factor in the disproportionate share of
accidents in marked crosswalks.
• Crosswalks, legally are defined us existing at all public street intersections, marked or
unmarked; marked crosswalks are only required at mid-block locations.
From the MUTCD Millennium Edition:
• G~osswalk lines should not be used indiscriminately. An engineering study should be
performed before they are installed at locations away from traffic signals or STOP signs.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:
illegally parked vehicles along the subject area of Mamalahoa Highway makes the mid-block
crosswalk unsafe by nog providing sufficient stopping sight distance for drivers.
• An existing crest vertiail curve lhrther restricts the amount of sight distance available at the
mid-block crosswalk.
• The posted speed on Mamalahoa Highway is 35 mph.
• The stopping sight dis[aince required for 35 mph is 250-ft. At the mid-block crosswalk, the
measured sight distance does not meet the required 250-ft,in both directions.
Mid-block Crosswalk Removal /Relocation Report
July 2003
Page 3 of 3
• An existing street light will he supplemented by additional street lights at the new crosswalk
location.
• A longitudinal marked crosswalk, that provides added visibility, will be used to identify the
new crosswalk location.
• Additional signage will be used ~o further warn pedestrians to cross at the intersection and
not at the mid-block location.
• Fluorescent Yellow Green (FYG) pedestrian crossing signs, and advanced warning crosswalk
signs will he used al new crosswalk location.
• Embedded warning lights were considered, but were found to be unwarranted and unable to
meet the stopping sight distance.
CONCLUSIONS: Therc may have been a time when mid-block crosswalks were always safe
and acceptable to use. However, given the specific site conditions, the increased vehicular
speeds of the modern driver and the general mentality of both driver and pedestrian, the Traffic
Division recommends to have the mid-block crosswalk at the Central Kona Union Church
removed and appropriately relocated to [he intersection at Ala Ke'eke'e Place. The new site will
not only provide a safer place for pedestrians to cross, but also be. a more natural, expected
location that drivers can anticipate.