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Date.___ _~T.~1.9-z----._
County Council Fri- F"C
Excerpted from "Energy Farming in America," by Lynn Osburn
BIOMASS CONVERSION to fuel has proven economically feasible, first in laboratory tests
and by continuous operation of pilot plants in field tests since 1973. When the energy crop is
growing it takes in C02 from the air, so when it is burned the C02 is released, creating a
balanced system.
Biomass is the term used to describe all biologically produced matter. World production of
biomass is estimated at 146 billion metric tons a year, mostly wild plant growth. Some farm
crops and trees can produce up to 20 metric tons per acre of biomass a year.
Types of algae and grasses may produce 50 metric tons per year. This biomass has a heating
value of 5000-8000 BTU/Ib, with virtually no ash or sulfur produced during combustion.
About 6% of contiguous United States land area put into cultivation for biomass could
supply all current demands for oil and gas.
The foundation upon which this will be achieved is the emerging concept of "energy
farming," wherein farmers grow and harvest crops for biomass conversion to fuels.
PYROLYSIS IS THE TECHNIQUE of applying high heat to organic matter
(ligno-cellulosic materials) in the absence of air or in reduced air. The process can produce
charcoal, condensable organic liquids (pyrolysic fuel oil), non-condensable gasses, acetic acid,
acetone, and methanol. The process can be adjusted to favor charcoal, pyrolytic oil, gas, or
methanol production with a 95.5% fuel-to-feed efficienry.
Pyrolysis has been used since the dawn of civilization. Ancient Egyptians practiced wood
distillation by collecting the tars and pyroligneous acid for use in their embalming industry.
Methanol-powered automobiles and reduced emissions from coal-fired power plants can be
accomplished by biomass conversion to fuel utilzing pyrolysis technology, and at the same
time save the American family farm while fuming the American heartland into a prosperous
source of clean energy production.
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source of clean energy pro action.
Pyrolysis has the advantage of using the same technology now used to process crude fossil
fuel oil and coal. Coal and oil conversion is more efficient in terms of fuel-to-feed ratio, but
biomass conversion by pyrolysis has many environmental and economic advantages over
coal and oil.
Pyrolysis facilities will run three shifts a day. Some 68% of the energy of the raw biomass will
be contained in the charcoal and fuel oils made at the facility. This charcoal has nearly the
same heating value in BTU as coal, with virtually no sulfur.
Pyrolytic fuel oil has similar properties to no. 2 and no. 6 fuel oil. The charcoal can be
transported economically by rail to all urban area power plants generating electricity. The fuel
oil can be transported economically by trucking creating more jobs for Americans. Whin
these plants use charcoal instead of coal, the problems of acid rain will begin to disappear.
When this energy system is on line producing a steady supply of fuel for electrical power
plants, it will be more feasible to build the complex gasifying systems to produce methanol
from the cubed biomass, or make synthetic gasoline from the methanol by the addition of
the Mobil Co. process equipment to the gasifier.
FARMERS MUST BE ALLOWED TO GROW an energy crop capable of producing 10
tons per acre in 90-120 days. This crop must be woody in nature and high in lignocellulose.
It must be able to grow in all climactic zones in America.
And it should not compete with food crops for the most productive land, but be grown in
rotation with food crops ox on marginal land where food crop production isn't profitable.
When farmers can make a profit growing energy, it will not take long to get 6% of
continental American land mass into cultivation of biomass fuel--enough to replace our
economy's dependence on fossil fuels. We will no longer be increasing the C02 burden in the
atmosphere. The threat of global greenhouse warming and adverse climactic change will
diminish. To keep costs down, pyrolysis reactors need to be located within a 50 mile radius
of the energy farms. This necessity will bring life back to our small towns by providing jobs
locally.
HEMP IS THE NUMBER ONE biomass producer on planet earth: 10 tons per acre in
approximately four months. It is a woody plant containing 77% cellulose. Wood produces
60% cellulose. This energy crop can be harvested with equipment readily available. It can be
"cubed" by modifying hay cubing equipment. This method condenses the bulk, reducing
trucking costs from the field to the pyrolysis reactor. And the biomass cubes are ready for
conversion with no further treatment.
Hemp is drought resistant, making it an ideal crop in the dry western regions of the country.
Hemp Foc Fuel h¢p:. ~dmgLbmry.oeg; schatteC hemp hempEuel.htm
Hemp is the only biomass resource capable of making America energy independent. And our
government outlawed it in 1938.
Remember, in 10 years, by the year 2000, America will have exhausted 8U% of her petroleum
reserves. Will we then go to war with the Arabs for the privilege of driving our cars; will we
stripmine our land for coal, and poison our air so we can drive our autos an extra 100 years;
will we raze our forests for our energy needs?
During World War II, our supply of hemp was cut off by the Japanese. The federal
government responded to the emergency by suspending marijuana prohibition. Patriotic
American farmers were encouraged to apply for a license to cultivate hemp and responded
enthusiastically. Hundreds of thousands of acres of hemp were grown.
The argument against hemp production does not hold up to scrutiny: hemp grown for
biomass makes very poor grade marijuana. The 20 to 40 million Americans who smoke
marijuana would loath to smoke hemp grown for biomass, so a farmer s hemp biomass crop
is worthless as marijuana.
It is time the government once again respond to our economic emergenry as they did in
WWII to permit our farmers to grow American hemp so this mighty nation can once again
become energy independent and smog free.
For more information on the many uses of hemp, contact BACH, the Business Alliance for
Commerce in Hemp, Box 71093, LA, CA 90071-0093, 213/288-4152.
--excerpt from Herer, "Emperor Wears No Clothes," 1991 edition, p. 136
For an updated version of "Energy Farming In America," "Books In Print" lists "Ecohemp:
Economy and Ecolgy with Hemp," Access Unlimited, Frazier Park, CA, 805/632-2644.
[3] The device invented was named the decorticator and in the mid 1930s it was poised to do
for hemp what the cotton gin had done for cotton: create a fast and economically feasible
way of "removing the fiber- bearing cortex from the rest of the stalk, making hemp fiber
available for use without a prohibitive amount of human labor." ("Popular Mechanics,"
February, 1938)
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The firs[ duty of government is [o protect its citizens. The Constitution of
the United States - as interpreted over 208 years -articulates the
obligation of the federal government to uphold the public good, providing a
bulwazk against all threats, foreign and domestic. The War on Some People
Who Use Certain Drugs constitutes one such threat. Tyrannical, abusive
governmental policies present a hazard [o society as a whole. Like a
corrosive, insidious cancer, The War on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs
diminishes the potential of our citizens for full growth and development and
has created the Drug War exemption to the Bill of Rights. Through trumped
up fear of Drug abuse the 1st amendment rights to freedom of religion,
speech an$ assembly ,the 4th amendment righu to be free of ureasonable
searches the 5th amendment right not to testify against oneself and not have
ones property taken without just compensatioq the 9th amendments rights
retained by the people and the 10th amendment powers also retained by the
people the 13th amendment protections against involuntary servitude and the
14th amendments guarantees of due process and the equal protection of the
laws have all been significantly eroded due to the dmg war exemptions.
Deceptive measures have been put in place to get people to give up there
inalienable rights An inalienable right as defined by Black's Law
Dictionary are rights which are not capable of being surrendered or
transferred without the consent of the one possessing such rights e.g.,
freedom of speech or, religioq due process, and equal protection of the
laws. [Morrison v. State, MoApp., 252 S.W2d 97, 101.]
The traditions of American government and democracy affirm
self-determination and freedom. Government must minimise interference in the
private lives of citizens, it cannot deny liberty to individuals and uphold
the collective culture the people. Drug prohibition and its consequences
destroy personal liberty and the well-being of communities. Dramatic
increases in crime, violence, anti-social behavior, accidents, unintended
pregnancies, drug-exposed infants, and addiction are only part of the price
that making drug use illegal imposes on society, sad to say as a result of
prohibition efforts drug use is perpetuated and increased. Every citizen
risks his ability to think rationally and his potential for a full,
productive life when confronted by unreasonable fear created by the State
and the glamoruatlon by fiat of prohibition of the forbidden fivit. The Waz
on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs drains the physical and moral strength
of America. It spawns global criminal syndicates and bankrolls [hose who
sell drugs to children. The War on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs fosters
crime and violence in our inner cities, suburbs, and rural areas.
In spite of Billions spent on what Gen. McAfferity now acknowledges as a
failed social policy, deaths from illicit drugs increased 47 percent between
1990 and 1994 and number approximately 14,000 a yeaz. thr the other hand,
drugs such as alcohol and nicotine result in 500,000 deaths a year, yet this
same government reaps enormous tax revenues from the sanctioned sale of
these addictive and deadly legal drugs, which is why the term a War on Drugs
is such a blatant lie, it is indeed The War on Some People Who Use Certain
Drugs, a illegal civil waz Americas Civil Viet Nam.
Additional liabilities of The War on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs is
the burden to our society of approximately $67 billion in social, health,
and criminal costs each year. If there were more effective prohibitioq the
damage [o our country would be even greater. And more effective prohibition
is planed. Historians have documented America's experience with prohibition
over the past two hundred years. The ebb and flow of prohibition and
hysteria recurred in roughly thirty-year cycles: an uninformed or forgetful
public becomes indifferent to the dangers of rising governmental excesses
only to recoil a[ its devastating consequences." And what [his entails is
also coincidental with the growth in bigger more intensive government in the
United States The motive of the drug barons, and the deng warriors is to
keep there good thing going. Both the barons and [he wamors profit in
huge sums; the growth of their 'pension insurance' has reached such
gazgan[uan proportions that US drug consumption is at a level where 5% of
the worlds population uses 50% of the worlds drugs.
This Waz on Some Drugs could not have a more disasvous result.
Unfortunately for all Americans, [he 1997 National Drug ConUOI Strategy
sets a demented cotrrse to continue The War on Some People Who Use Certain
Drugs and its detrimental consequences.
The Convolled Substances Act, Tide II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse
Prevention and ConUOI Act of 1970, is the unconstitutional and hypocritical
foundation of the government's War on Some Drugs. This law consolidates
numerous regulations pertaining to the manufacture and disUibution of
narcotics, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, anabolic steroids, and
chemicals used in [he illicit production of controlled substances. This is
the basis for The Waz on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs Exemption [o the
Bill of Rights
The federal Anti-Drug Abase Ad of 1988 established as a policy goal of the
United States government the creation of a drug-free America. This is a
state sponsored belief system, which is mainly for the benefit of the vested
interest of law enforcement, and the continuance of enormous profit for the
drug baron merchants of death, who could only make such profit because of
prohibition itself The Waz on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs is only
cuffed by: reducing the number of drug warriors and Ute laws which spawn
them; and this can only be done by de-glamorizing what has been the false
glory and perks given to these destroyers of American civil liberties.
The unfortunate fad is [hat due to constant media hype for over [he counter
medicines for every ill that Americans are so programmed to take drugs that
drug use is so deeply embedded in society that we can not hope to eliminate it
The goal of a drug free America is unrealistic and prohibitively expensive
in [he cos[ of civil liberties alone. The policy makers feel that the
problem can be solved in short order if draconian measures are adopted.
Present governmental policies embrace the extremes of border interdictions,
warrant less searches, invasive blood and urine test ,the national Strategy
rejects common sense approaches in favor of knee jerk solutions like
building more jails and extending jail sentences . We can reduce drug use
without compromising American ideals oNy if we abandon prohibition.
The War on Some People Who Use Certain Dmgs has plagued Ameriq for more
than seventy years. To turn that negative experience around will require
perseverance and vigilance. Our nation can contain and decrease the damage
wrought by The War on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs and its
consequences. But we will have [o apply ourselves with a resolve [narked by
continuing education for our citizens, the determination to resist
politicians who traffic in drug hysteria while coaunitting all manner of
un-righteous acu, personally taking junkets, and lobbyist moneys, while
they chap up and destroy the precious protections granted by the bill of
rights., and the patience and compassion to treat individuals caught in the
grip of illegal dntgs.
The metaphor of a "waz on drugs" is misleading. Wars are expected to end.
Addressing drug prohibition is a wntinuous challenge; the moment we believe
otuselves to be victorious and free to relax our resolve, tyranny will rise
again. Furthermore, the United States should not wage war on its citizens,
many of whom aze the victims of [his Drug Waz. These individuals must be
helped, not defeated. It is the deniers of civil rights, both foreign and
domestic, who must be thwarted.
A more appropriate analogy for The Waz on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs
is cancer. Dealing with cancer is a long-term proposition. Decreasing The
War on Some People Who Use Certain Drugs in America is a difficult task..
The duty of the federal government is to help communities overcome the
consequences of [he war on some drugs. Ultimately, each American must make
his or her own decision about whether stop The Waz on Some People Who Use
Certain Drugs or not because it will take American resolve to restore what
an bloated and out of control drug waz bureaucracy has done to our basic
freedoms.
When they took the fourth amendment, I was quiet because I don't deal drugs.
When they took the six amendment, I was quiet because I'm innocent.
When they took the second amendment, I was quiet because I don't own a gun.
Now they've taken the Hrst amendment and I can't say anything at all.
the above is a setting right of the Governments rhetoric found at
http: //www. ncj rs. org/htm/chapter l . htm#overview
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