HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0314.029 1996-1998 ~~C~~ . b~1~o~~~
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M RtEOHOL 6 DRUG REUSE ID~808-586-4016 JUl 01'97 13 56 Na.015 P.O1
FACSIMILE ?RANSMISSION REQUEST
FROM :
ALCOHOL i DRUG ABU E DIVISION Y;'"~
1270 OULEN EMMA STREET Y305 '
HONOLULU, HAWAYI 96813 '
FAX No.: (808) 586-4016 +
PHONE No. ( 808 ) 586-3961 ~~C,~../~_
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~ ALCOHOL 8 DRUG ABUSE ID~808-586-4016 JUL 01'97 13 56 No .015 P.02
HIGHLiGATS FROM THE IiAWAII[ STUDENT
ALCOllOL AND DRUG USE STUDY, 1949 TO 1996
in the Spring of 1996, the Stale of Hawaii Department o[ Health, Alcohol and Drug Abuse bivicion
and the Univeniry of Hawaii Speech Department collaborated in a lady imended to detarmino
pravelatce and trends in substance use, treatment needs, and relalad factors ftx public aasl
participating Private school studenu sutawide. The survey was atlatinistered to over IS,000 sizNt,
eighth, tenth, and twelllh grade sadenu in 195 public and 27 private schools. 'Rteso data are
examined in the light of previous xtudent drug use studies conducted by the Hawaii Staze bepartmatt
of Education and the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Additionally, using the 1996
Mw?itorbrg the Futtutr Study, our llawsii dau is compared to natbawide trends. 7'he following ere
highlighu from the report's Executive Summary which xhould he comulted for more deviled
preaartttttions of the data.
SBiF.('f1frD IPRII,VALF7VCS FINDINGS
Hawaii Lfelltne (Prevalence and Trends in Ahwltnl, Illidt iMyig, and Tobaceo Use
f Lifetime prevalence of lllidt drug use and tobarxe rtae have gradudiy increased over the yeas
1989 to 1996, whereas sltxAtttl use has stabilized or dxreased.
t During the period 1989 a 1996, the usa of any illldl drug by sixth graders increased [corn
11.5% w 13.4%; tram 22.3% to 29.6% for eighth graders; from 33.3 to 41.3% for tenth
graders; sari from 41.4% to 47.7% for high sdaol seniors.
t
ll
t Between 1993 and 1996, lifaima matijwna use increased by throe percentage poiau for shah
graders (to S.1%), five for eighth (to 21.5%) tend tenth graders (to 36.3%), and dgbt for twalilh
grader (44.7%)•
Alcohol is still the moat prevalem aubsunee used by youth in 1996. By grade six. alrxAwi hu
twat used by 29.8% of studems; by eighth grade 54% have used dcohol; while roughly throe•
quarters of Leath and twelfth graders relwrt having used alwhol.
t Although lifetime prcvalatco for say alcohol usa has rat increased from 1993 a 1996. far ante
twdlth grads students repoR having tried hard liquor during their ti[etimes.In 1996 (68.2%)
comptaod m 1993 (37.6%).
t Atte of the most striking findings of the study is the inereaso in dgarYtte use. Since 1993,
lifetime ciguette usa has irtcreasal by approximucly eight to twelve percartage poirrts at ach
grade level.
t Lifetime use of dgaralua by sixth grders has nearly doubled from 1993 (12.6%) l0 1996
(23.6%).
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o ALZOHOL B DRUG ABUSE ID~808-586-4016 JUL 01'97 1357 Na.015 P.03
Ilawaii and the Nation: I.ifelime Provalorrrs
i For 1996, lifetime prevalence levels of maNJuena uae in Hawaii are slightly lawn than or
similar ro nationwide levels for eighth (2296 w. 23%), teeth (3791 w. 40%), and twelfth
gradan (4596 w. 45%).
t More Aawaii twolflh grador: (7.3%) report having triad melhamphdamine during thou
lifetimes urnrpared ro other twelfth grader in tho nation (4.4%).
a, Tha lifetime prevalence me for any illict drug use is lower across grades eight, ten, oral twelve
compared ro the salon, with Hawaii twelfth gradws reporting s prevalence rate of 47.7%
eompued a the ttuiomvide !oval of 33.3%.
» Lifotime alcohol prevalence among Hawaii aluder#.i is simllu ro national levels.
I Fewer Hawaii students report ever being drunk compared ro othora in the nation, particularly
for twelfth graders (52.2% in Hawaii w. 61.g% nationally).
~ Fewer Natvaii students report having used dgar'Ntea duriog their Iitaima compuod ro the
natoo, although the differeocea ue not aigniRcaot.
~ Of Hawaii twelfth graders, 62.7% report having tried dpreltet u lout once oompared to
63.5% of thou in other stales.
Hawaii 77drly-Day and 170i1y Prevdenee Trends
• ~~1~atMF dtat~ ota i atoothly aa~
~treea lifetimo prevalence rue for ~coRoTartd'vsfour ilptd~
dr~ugyc~~~,ge~newrilly„~tabillzM. tlme,
~war+'
t Momhly drug uae increased for all grade lauds, with 26.396 of twolllh graders reporting the tw
of an illicit drug during the pravloua 30 days in 1996 compared to 19.7% In 1993.
t Nearly four timoe as many sizdr grades and nearly twice as many eighth grades in 1996,
compared ro 1993. rapcmed monthly use of at least one illiei! drug.
t Thirty day prevalence rates for mariJuana uu show the greatest irttxea:e slots 1993, inareadrrg
more than five porcerkage points at ail grade levels (except sixth grade) in 1996.
Prom 1993 to 1996, more than a tan percentage point incteaae in monthly prevalettcs reports of
aleoMl uae occtured at ail grade levels.
f The momhly prtwaleme of alwhol use reported in 1996 u five timca greater for sixth grader
(increasing from 2.5% ro 14.4%).
f 7birty-day use among eighth graders hen doubled, increasing from 13.2% to 30.2% between
1993 and 1996.
The momhly prevalence of dgarette use has increased at all grade levels among Hawaii sadenu with
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RL~OHOL B DRUG REUSE ID~808-586-4016 JUL 01'97 13 58 No .015 P.04
the largtxt intxema occurring in the sixth and eighth grades.
f 7ttirty-0ay prevalence rat0a of dprelte use for sixth graders wwtt from 2.1 % to 10.g% betwtxn
1993 and 199ti.
f For eighth graders, levels of dgatrotte use during the tut 30 days incr0ased from 1a.3% in 1993
to 25.591 in 199ti.
Iiawaii and the Nation: Thirty-llay and Daily 1'rereteace and Trends
Hawaii atoathly prevalence rates for illicit drugs and alcohol are gtxrerally higher than the nation
white cigarette use rands la be Itnver.
f Jn Hawaii, 26.3% of twelfth graders vs. 25.596 of those nuionwide report using sn lllidt drug
during the previous 30 days.
f Por marliuana, 2591 of Hawaii twdllh graders va. 21.9 % of those nationwide report use
during the prevloua 30 days.
t Thirty-day prevalence rates for canine use are higher among Hawaii twelfth graders (3.691)
compared to rheas of the nation (2.091).
L Roughly twenty-sis percent of Hawaii tenth graders report smoking dgaretta within the last 30
days compared to 30% natfonwida For twdith greden, 27.9% of Hawaii ynutlt vs. 34.0% of
mainland youth report smoking in the last 30 days.
t More Hawaii dghdt gredera (25.5%) report smoking dgarettra within the last thirty days
compared to the nation (21.0%).
~ Thirty day prevalcnco rates for the use of any alrnito) aro lower for Hawaii twelfth graders
(46.3%) compared to the nation (50.8%).
t However, daily uao of alcohol by Hawaii twelfth gradtas (4.791) is :lighdy higher than
nationwide (3.7%).
FACPOIAS RELA7'F.D Tq l)sE
The study's findings have important implications for substance amuse education sad proventba
programs.
~ The majoriq of tbo studtatla reported that alwhol and drug eduntbn should occur prior to We
fourth grade.
/ 3tudtadtt who repotttd being educated shout drug use prior to the sixth grads were dighdy less
likdy to abuse alcohol tx drugs than students who reported lxsittg educated attar dte sixth grade.
• I.oas than 50% Of eighth. tenth. and twollth graders provided 'good' or "excdleat" ratings for
their sdttx9's drug education programs. Of thou students who abuse alcohol and drugs, over
twa-thirds *ap~ad O+eir school's drug education programs nedlad improv~+am or were non-
cxistatt.
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~ ALSOHOL 8 DRUG ABUSE ID~808-586-4016 JUL 01'97 13 58 No .015 P.05
llte key predictors of drug uss deWled in the:wdy aze age of onset, peer influattcos, exposure to
suhrianes uu among famUtats, perceptions of drug avsiUbOity, ethnic backgroutd, and the
alucuional ambhbas of uudwMs.
• Onset of alcohol sod robacoo use by Hawaii srodeota is over 10% by grade four and
approximately SO% by grade fight.
• $eeoming a regular cigaretto smoker at an early age is a particularly powerful predictor of
subsequent drug use. Nearly one nut of ilvo (19.4%) Hswaii eighth grader are or havo hem
regular cigaretto smoker.
The perception that alcohol, cigazauos, and other drugs an harmllil Ltcreasal ruMhntially since
1993. However, drug use continues to increase.
• At ail grade lauds, exposure ro relatives and/or friends who use tnbarco ud doohol sra related
to ?ifetimo and thirty-day prevalence reports of students' own tobacco. alcohol, and marijuana
uee.
Student perceptions of availability of drugs are likewixo reload to uss
Marijuana is seen u fairly euy ro ga by the majority of tenth (Nt%) and twdflh grader (12%).
11te majority of eighth (74%), tenth (g7%), and twelfth (92%) graders report thrt alcohol is
fairly aay ro get.
• Nearly ondthird of sixth graders, ti7% of eighth graders, g3% of tenth graders, and 907E of
twdtth graders say that ciguettes are euy ro get.
Patterns of elwiwl, illicit drug, and tobacco use vary somewhat by ethnicity and gander.
• Hawaiian and Caucasian students report the highest drug ore; Chinese students report thn lout.
Hawaiian, Cwsaaian, and Filipino studenu report the highoct alcohol and tobacco use.
• By the twelfth grads, !tS% of Japanetie students use tobacco daily oontpared to 17% of
Cwcuian, 13% of Hawaiian, 127x, of Fi?ipino, and 77i of Chinese sludettts.
• Sac diffcrent:ea in lifetime prevalence of tobatxo, alcdtol, and other drug use an mininW.
However, daily use of alcohol u higher for males while regular use of tobacco is higher among
females.
F.ducatiood ambitions an related ro cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Thirty-0ay and daily
prevslcaee o[ soy illicit drug and bthacco is twice u high far non-coliega~bamd u college-bound
studwNa.
SOURCES OF ALCOHOL, DAUGS, AND TOBACCO
Youth report that friends aro the roost frequent sources of tobacco, dcohul, and drop, although largo
numbers are able to obtain alcohol and tobacco themselves at store.
• A large proportion of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders are able to buy tobatxo for themaelver.
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~ ALCOHOL 8 DRUG ABUSE ID~808-586-4016 JUL 01'97 13 59 Na.015 P.06
• 1'urchasittg tobacco is the moat common way twelRh gradates oMala it.
• Ia addition to friends, relatives aro a commonly reported souew of alcohol for all nudenu and
the most summon souccs o[ alcohol for sixth grade awdenta. Almost ottathlyd of the students
Indicated that they gat Dlicft drugs from relatives.
• A large propprtion of swden<s indicate they can purchase altx~hnl themselves.
T1~tEATMEN7' NEEDS AND ACCFSSIBII.ITY OF SF.AVICES
Table 1 illuturata the euimated substance treatment needs by district for public achcwl swdems in
grades sbt through twelve, while Table 2 displays the same infirmatkm by courny. Over 3,000 youW
stesewide need treatment for alcohol abuse while an additional 2,227 need treatment for drug abuse.
Additionally, 3,160 require treatment for both alcohol and drug abuse, leading to a combined lotai of
8,426 studenu who have either an alcoltol abuse problem, dmg abuse problem or both.
~fYeaument needs for alcohol aodlor drug abuse aro highest in Hawaii County (13.991;), Maui
7 Courrry (12.8%), and in Kauai County (11.4%).
• Hawaii and Maui Counties have double the pertxntagc of sixth and twdflh grade students
needing tubsunce abuse treatment compared to Kaual Coumy or the City and County o[
Horalulu.
Alcohol abuse is highest in Hawaii County for grades tcn and twelve and Maui Coumy for grade
eight.
• Lest then one-third of the swdents with treatment needs have utilized troamwot facilhles.
The majority of the atudenu who reported thry ncodad help fur as alcohol, tobacco, or other drug-use
problem also relwrted that they had difficulty asking help. For all grade, the four moat common
rtutaom reported for not seeking help wore:
having no idea whero to go far help
• Satdena thinking they could colvo the problem themselves
• Fearing that teachers of parents would tied out
• tieing afraid that they would got In tenable with the law
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RL(:OHOL DRUG ABUSE ID:808-586-4016 JUL 01'97 14:00 No .015 P.09
RECOMMENDATIONS
Although this study wu situated in the school sating, the data doerly show that factors aasoeiaed
with subswtee abuse by youth extend well btryond Wo school csmptts. 'iltecatore. there is a role to
he plsyod by families, peer group:, armmuaitiea, media, businaa, and law enforeanent whose efforts
must complement and support on-going school-hued pmgrsma. Based oa the eatttents of this study.
the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Divisiao makes the following recommendatbm:
PYevenlion
• Continue school-hued drug education and preveMiaa pmgrama.
• Link proveruba offoru to broader dements of the school curriculum such u health edueatioa
and wdlaess ao that the message is repeated in a vuisty of cantos:.
• Begin as integrated approach ur substance abuse prevention no later than grade four, with
special emphasis on the dangers of cigarato smoking.
• Link school-based prevanion programs to community dforta in ordtx m address rho social
milieu factors which contribute to substance abuse by youth.
• Enforce merchant compliance with existing Podersl and State laws prohibiting solo of alarhol
sad tobacco products to mince.
• lnarrporata students' perapoaives imo preventioa program dcsiga, ddlvery, std evaluation.
TtYatmeot
• Provide school-based wbstanca show treatment services so that youdr who Hood thew
programs can rosily access them.
• Sustain school-based wbstattce-abuse treatment prograau sad emsuro that thew services are
available to any studonl who Huy ncod than.
• Expand school-bassi wbshnce show ttratmart programs to all high :drools and intermediate
schools.
• Disseminate informathm shout aubaunce abuse traatmem and muttsdhtg programer mono
broadly in schools and atrphaaize the fact thu thew services are canftdentGd.
Lot, good resesrclt on the prevalence and daerminants o[ substance abuse among youth is crucial m
the provisitm of dfp~tive proventkrn and tratment aervicee. Educatoe, pttraMS. sod rewsrchers
should culhtborste wherever possible to facilitate the broadest possible student puticipatiua in such
studios.
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