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Home My WebLink AboutCOM 0362.000 2004-2006 vv os Harry Kim ~L Dixie Kaetsu Mn}'or • • ~ ? Mrsnrtging Director Peter L. Hendricks ••h'q'N~+ Deput}' Mrtnaging Direc(or r COUNTY OF HAWAII" ~ v - 25 Aupuni Street, Room 215 Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4252 (808) 961-6211 Pax (808) 961 fi553 KONA: 75-5706 Kuakini Highway, Sui[e 103 • Kailua-Kona, Hawai%9~iZ40 1808)329-5226 • Fax (808)326-5663 July 5, 2005 Honorable Stacy Higa, Chairman and Members of the County Council County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Chairman Higa and Members: Change of Zone Application (REZ 04-033) Request: RM-1 to V-.75 Applicant: KPC Villages, LLC Tax Man Key: 7-5-9:23 As required by Chapter 4, Sec. 6-4.3(C), Hawaii County Charter, transmitted herewith for the County Council's consideration and action is the Planning Commission's letter and enclosures regarding the above-referenced request. Sincerely, 1 Harry Kim Mayor L061705may Enclosures cc: Planning Department Hawm'i County is an Equal Oppnrmnity Employer and Provider L ~,Qf~ 1.,13 y Comm. No. 36Z Ref. To: L Ref. Dote r~ -p~,~~1tr or l •.4 • 1'• ~~Oi N~ County of Hawaii - ~ PLANNING COMMISSION ~ , Aupuni CenU;r • 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Phoue (SOR)961-8288 • Fax (808)961-&742 July 5, 2005 Stacy Higa, Chairman and Members of the County Council County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Chairman Higa and Council Members: Change of Zone Application (REZ 04-033) Request: RM-1 to V-.75 Applicant: KPC Villages, LLC Tax Map Key: 7-5-9:23 The Planning Commission, after a duly held public hearing on June 17, 2005, voted to recommend for your approval the proposed legislative bill to change the district classification from Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) to Resort-Hotel 750 square feet (V-.75) for approximately 51,052 syuaze feet of land. The property is located on the mauka side of Alii Drive across from Huggo's Restaurant and the Royal Kona Resort Hotel complex, Kailua-Kona, Puaa 3rd, North Kona, Hawaii. The Commission concurs with the following Planning Director's reasons for recommending Favorable consideration of the change of zone: The applicant is requesting a Change of Zone from Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) to Resort 750 square feet (V-.75) to develop acommercial- residential complex consisting ofmulti-family units and commercial uses. The applicant is requesting the change of zone because the multiple-family residential units are allowed under the current zoning but the commercial uses aze proposed aze not permitted. The proposed development, expected to Like approximately 18 months, includes: • 67 multi-family units in a maximum 45-foot high multi-story building, with 4 one-bedroom units and 63 two-bedroom units. The average unit size is approximately 1,084 square feet. Hax~ai'i Counh~ is an Egual Opportunity Provider and Employer Stacy Higa, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 2 • 13,000 square feet of commercial space on the ground floor • recreation deck with pool • 92 underground residential parking spaces with access from the north driveway • 45 ground level commercial parking spaces with access from the south driveway • road reserve on the southern portion of the property for a future County road connecting Alii Drive with the Kuakini Highway. As the project site is located in the Special Management Area, the applicant is also requesting a concurrent SMA Use Permit to allow the proposed development. In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions can be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth determined by the General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of these evaluations and decisions must be also considered as they may have an impact on similar areas in the County. The Change of Zone request from Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) to Resort 750 square feet (V-.75) will conform to, among others, the Land Use and Housing elements of the General Plan. The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the General Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of the physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUPAG Map establishes the basic urban and non-urban form For areas within the County. The subject area is designated Resort, which includes uses such as hotels, condominium- hotels and supporting services. Thus, the proposed development would be consistent with the LUPAG Map designation. The property is zoned Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) by the County. Surrounding properties to the east and south are zoned Multiple-Family Residential (RM-1) and are vacant. Properties to the north and west are zoned Resort (V-.75). There is a multi-story commercial complex to the north, and commercial development west of the property across Alii Drive. Given the project's proposed extensive landscaping, the visual impact to the surrounding areas will not be significant. A favorable recommendation of this change of zone request will be Stacy Higa, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 3 consistent with the emerging land use pattern being established within this portion of North Kona. The Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) designates the property as Zone "X", an azea determined to be outside of the 500-year flood plain. The project site is approximately 150 feet from the shoreline and ranges from 10 to 35 feet above mean sea level. Soils within the property and surrounding area aze unclassified. Two accesses aze proposed from Alii Drive, atwo-lane collector street with an approximately 20-foot wide pavement with paved shoulders within a substandard approximately 50-foot right-of--way. The lower level parking deck with 92 pazking stalls for residents will have access from the north driveway. The upper level parking with 45 parking stalls for commercial use would be accessed from the south driveway. The Department of Public Works recommends that vehicular access to Alii Drive be limited to one approach and dedicate at no cost to the County, five (5) feet of additional right-of- way width (exclusive of the driveway approach) along the frontage of Alii Drive in conformance with collector street standards. The additional right-of--way would allow for one of several options including the preservation of the existing pazking, left-turn lane installation or a transit vehicle loading zone. The proposed project would add to the cumulative traffic impact on Alii Drive. In response to concerns about providing a roadway that would connect Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway, the design for the project includes a road reserve along the southern portion of the property that will be dedicated to the County for use as a road at a future date. Construction of the road will depend upon, among other actions, acquisition of similar road reserves from other landowners mauka of the property. A Traj~c Impact Analysis Report for the Ke Kai Alii Condominium on Alii Drive dated November 10, 2003 (Appendix 5 of the application) concluded that "the increases in ambient traffic due to new development projects in Kailua-Kona aze forecast to have an adverse impact on the Alii Drive/Hualalai road intersection. Mitigation in the form of widening the northbound approach of Alii Drive would improve traffic operations to acceptable levels. The proposed project would generate a small number of trips that add to the cumulative traffic impact but not adversely affect traffic." With or without the proposed project, the intersection of Hualalai Road and Alii Drive will not operate at an acceptable level of service. The TIAR does not address the intersection of Walua Road and Kuakini Highway which is forecasted to be deficient as a result of ambient growth in the area. Stacy Higa, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 4 According to the Department of Public Works, the Kailua Village Master Plan provides for a street connection (identified as the "Village Bypass") from Alii Drive to Kuakini Highway and Queen Kaahumanu Highway by an extension of Nani Kailua Drive. The southern portion of the property has been identified as a preferred location for the alignment of the Village Bypass. The Department of Public Works recommends that the applicant reserve and upon request by the Department of Public Works, provide the right-of--entry, slope easements and the proposed right-of--way at no cost to the County to allow for construction of the proposed Village Bypass. Vehicular access to the future Village Bypass maybe restricted to right-in and right-out movements at the discretion of the DPW by the inclusion of a center median divider in the County street. According to the Department of Water Supply, 73 units of water are required for the proposed development. Through participation in a previous waterline improvement project, the previous owners of the property secured a water commitment for 48 units of water. With additional waterline improvements along Alii Drive, water can be made available for the project. The Department of Water Supply requires the construction of the following improvements, should the change of zone request be approved: • extend the existing 12-inch water main approximately 1,200 feet to front the subject parcel; • install a service lateral to accommodate an appropriately sized meter to the development; and • submit installation plans prepared by a professional engineer, registered in the State of Hawaii, for review and approval. A condition will be included to require the applicant to construct the necessary improvements for the additional units of water. Essential utilities are available to the site. The Kealakehe Police Station is located about four miles from the project site, and fire protection is available from the Kailua- Kona Fire Station located approximately one mile from the site. The Kona Hospital is located in Kealakekua, approximately eleven miles from the property. The request is not contrary to Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statutes, relating to Coastal Zone Management Area. The property is situated within the Special Management Area, mauka of Alii Drive and therefore, will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. There are no identified recreational resources, public access to Stacy Higa, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 5 the shoreline or mountain areas, scenic and open space preserves, coastal ecosystems, marine resources or other natural and environmental resources in the project area. Thus, the proposed request and use of the property will not adversely impact those resources. The surrounding areas have been improved with commercial developments, and it is not anticipated that endangered or threatened candidate species of flora or fauna are located within the property. The project azea has not been identified as containing any significant botanical or biological habitat. An informal biological survey was conducted in September, 2003. On this property, as is typical of the region, the vegetation is almost completely alien. Only one common indigenous pant, 'uhaloa (Waltheria indica) was found on the site. No systematic faunal survey was conducted. The alien vegetation and urban surroundings provide habitat for a number of alien bird species such as the Yellow-Billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata), Common Myna (Acridotheres trisiis), Japanese White-eye (Zoaterops japonicus), and Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Mongooses, feral cats, rats and mice inhabit the property. According to the applicant, it is highly unlikely that any native forest birds, seabirds or migratory birds (especially those with threatened or endangered status) would find the site a suitable habitat or be affected by activities that occur on the parcel. The Hawaiian Hawk or'Io and the Hawaiian Owl or Pueo, possibly make some use of the area. The endangered Hawaiian Hoary Bat may also be present in the general area. According to the applicant, no rare, threatened or endangered species as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service appear to be present on the parcel, nor are there unique or valuable wildlife habitats. No impact on native species or habitat is expected. There is no evidence of any traditional and customary Native Hawaiian rights being practiced on the site, nor existence of any known valued cultural, historical or native resources in the area. There are no identified recreational resources, historic resources, public access to the shoreline or mountain areas, scenic and open space preserves, coastal ecosystems, marine resources or other natural and envirorunental resources in the area. The property is not proximate to the shoreline and will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. No scenic or open space resources to the shoreline or coastal view plane or coastal ecosystem will be negatively impacted by the proposed action. In view of the recent Hawaii State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa'akai O Ka'Aina "decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed. These rights must be addressed in teens of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site. Stacy Higa, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 6 Investigation of valued resources: An azchaeological survey was conducted by PHRI in 1987-1988 followed by a more intensive analysis of one of the sites (Site 50-10- 28-2005) in 1988 (Appendix 1 and 2 of the application). By letter dated March 8, 1989, the DLNR-HPD gave final approval to the azchaeological survey. By letter dated June 23, 2004 (Appendix 4 of the application), the DLNR-HPD approved the proposed data recovery plan for the site. An informal biological survey was conducted in September 2003. On this property, as is typical of the region, the vegetation is almost completely alien. It is highly unlikely that any native forest birds, seabirds or migratory birds (especially those with threatened or endangered status) would find the site a suitable habitat or be affected by activities that occur on the parcel. According to the applicant, no raze, threatened or endangered species as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service appeaz to be present on the parcel, nor aze there unique or valuable wildlife habitats. No impact on native species or habitat is expected. The valuable cultural, historical, and natural resources found in the azea: In cooperation with the DLNR-HPD, the applicant has decided to perform additional data recovery on Feature A in lieu ofpreservation, and a data recovery plan for Site 50-10-28- 2005 was prepazed in 2004 for Feature A and the associated cultural deposit (Appendix 3 of the application). By letter dated June 23, 2004 (Appendix 4 of the application), the DLNR-HPD approved the proposed data recovery plan for the site. Possible adverse effects or impairment of valued resources: Native vegetation maybe destroyed by ground alteration. There is no evidence that the flora in the area are particularly desired or used for cultural practices. Feasible actions to protect native Hawaiian rights: The property is located mauka of Ali'i Drive, and will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. There are no identified recreational resources, historic resources, public access to the shoreline or mountain areas, scenic and open space preserves, coastal ecosystems, marine resources or other natural and environmental resources in the area. As stated by the applicant, no gathering is taking place on the site. Thus, to the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights aze exercised, the proposed action will not affect traditional Hawaiian fights; therefore, no action is necessary to protect these rights. Based on the above findings, the approval of the Change of Zone request from an Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) to Resort 750 square feet (V-.75) district would result in an appropriate land use pattern that will further benefit the public. Stacy Higa, Chairman and Members of the County Council Page 7 For your favorable consideration, an amendment to Section 25-8-5 (Kailua Urban Zone Map), of the County Zoning Code is transmitted. We are enclosing copies of the staff Background and Planning Director's Recommendation for your information. Sincerely, Fred Galdones, Chai~~ Planning Commission Lkpcvi I l agesraz04-033#2 PC Enclosures cc: Sandra Song, Esq. Mr. Tony Nee/KPC Villages, LLC Department of Public Works Department of Water Supply Planning Department -Kona Department of Land & Natural Resources-HPD/Kona Rodney Haraga, Director/DOT-Highways, Honolulu R K PC V i l laces REZ S MA. doc-SR 7/0 S COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT KPC VILLAGES, LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 04-033) SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT (SMA 04-009) KPC VILLAGES, LLC has submitted an application for a Change of Zone from Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) to Resort 750 square feet (V-.75) for approximately 51,052 square feet of land, and a Special Management Area Use Permit to allow the development of a 67-unit residential and commercial complex. The property is located on the mauka side of Alii Drive across from Huggo's Restaurant and the Royal Kona Resort Hotel complex, Kailua-Kona, Puaa 3`d, North Kona, Hawaii, TMK: 7-5-9: 23. REQUEST 1. Proposed Development: The applicant is requesting a change of zone from Multiple- Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) to Resort 750 square feet (V-.75) and a Special Management Area Use Permit to develop acommercial-residential complex consisting ofmulti-family units and commercial uses. The applicant is requesting the change of zone because the multiple family residential units are allowed under the current zoning but the commercial uses as proposed are not permitted. The proposed development, expected to take approximately 18 months, includes: • 67 multiple-family units in a maximum 45-foot high multi-story building, with 4 one- bedroom units and 63 two-bedroom units. The average unit size is approximately 1,084 square feet • residential units aze proposed to be located on four levels above the commercial space • 13,000 square feet of commercial space on the ground floor • recreation deck with pool • 92 underground residential parking spaces with access from the north driveway • 45 ground level commercial parking spaces with access from the south driveway -I- ATTACH: Comm. 362 Bill 123 • a portion of a road reserve on the southern portion of the property for a future County road connecting Alii Drive with the Kuakini Highway (Exhibit A -Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone application) BACKGOUND INFORMATION 2. SMA Use Permit No. 276: On January 9, 1989, the Planning Commission approved SMA Use Permit No. 276 fora 48-unit condominium project and related developments on the property for then landowner Libbie Kamisugi. In a letter dated February 8, 2005, the applicant and current landowner has requested the revocation of this permit to pursue the current request. 3. Kailua Village Special District: The project site is located within the Kailua Village Special District. At its March 22, 2005 meeting, the Kailua Village Design Commission (KVDC) voted to recommend approval of the request. STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 4. State Land Use Designation: Urban. 5. General Plan LUPAG Map: Resort Node, under the 2005 LUPAG Map. Resort Node includes a mix ofvisitor-related uses such as hotels, condominium-hotels (condominiums developed and/or operated as hotels), single-family and multiple-family residential units, golf courses and other typical resort recreational facilities, resort commercial complexes and other support services. Only Major Resort Areas are identified as Resort Nodes on the LUPAG Map. 6. County Zoning: Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1). The requested Resort zoning would allow the following: • Height limit - 45 feet in the project area • Minimum building site area - ] 5,000 square feet • Minimum yards -front and rear yards, 20 feet; side yards, 8 feet for one story, 2 feet for each additional story • Landscaping -minimum of 20 percent of the total land area of any building site 7. Master Plan for Kailua-Kona (1994): Resort/Commercial mixed use. 8. Coastal Zone Management, HRS, Chapter 205A: The entire State of Hawaii lies -2- within the Coastal Zone Management area. 9. Special Mauagement Area: The property is located in the County's Special Management Area (SMA). The SMA is a part of the Coastal Zone Management Program regulated by the County. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT SITE AND SURROUNDING AREA 10. Subject Property: The property is a roughly rectangular parcel located on the mauka side of Alii Drive approximately .3 mile south of the intersection of Alii Drive and Hualalai Road. The property is approximately 150 feet from the shoreline and ranges from ] 0 to 35 feet above mean sea level. The property is vacant and overgrown with vegetation. 11. Surrounding Zoning and Land Uses: Surrounding properties to the east and south are zoned Multiple-Family Residential (RM-1) and aze vacant. Properties to the north and west are zoned Resort (V-.75). There is a multi-story commercial complex to the north and commercial development west of the property across Alii Drive. 12. U.S.D.A. Soil Type: Punaluu extremely rocky peat; permeability is rapid, runoff is slow and the erosion hazard is slight. 13. Land Study Bureau's Productivity Rating: Unclassified. 14. FIRM: Zone "X", an azea outside of the 500-year flood plain. 15. Flora/Fauna Resources: An informal biological survey was conducted in September 2003. On this property, as is typical of the region, the vegetation is almost completely alien. According to the applicant, only one common indigenous plant, 'uhaloa (Waltheria indica) was found on the site. No systematic faunal survey was conducted. The alien vegetation and urban surroundings provide habitat for a number of alien bird species such as the Yellow-Billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Japanese White-eye (Zoaterops japonicus), and Northern Cazdinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Mongooses, feral cats, rats and mice inhabit the property. According to the applicant, it is highly unlikely that any native forest birds, seabirds or migratory birds (especially those with threatened or endangered status) would find the site a suitable habitat or be affected by activities that occur on the parcel. The Hawaiian Hawk or 'Io • • and the Hawaiian Owl or Pueo, possibly make some use of the azea. The endangered Hawaiian Hoary Bat may also be present in the general area. According to the applicant, no rare, threatened or endangered species as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service appear to be present on the parcel, nor are there unique or valuable wildlife habitats. No impact on native species or habitat is expected. 16. ArchaeologicaUHistorical Resources: An archaeological survey was conducted by PHRI in 1987-1988 followed by a more intensive analysis of one of the sites (Site 50-10- 28-2005) in 1988 (Appendix 1 and 2 of the application). This site was first identified in the 1930's during an archaeological survey of the coastline (Reinecke 1930). The site was interpreted as a dwelling compound consisting of a large stone-walled enclosure with a platform and a small enclosure, and corresponded to Land Commission Award 4140 to Kamanawa. The various features associated with Site 2005 were determined to be significant for information content only, with the possible exception of Feature A (house site), a platform measuring approximately 45 by 35 feet. Feature A, as identified in Intensive Archaeological Survey and Limited Data Recovery Site 50-10-28-2005 (Rosendahl, April 1988) Figure 2, is located near the center of the property. In a letter dated August 9, 1988, during review of SMA Use Permit No. 276, the DLNR-HPD recommended the preservation of Feature A or additional minor archaeological investigation. The Planning Department recommended preservation of Feature A to then- owner Libbie Kamisugi. By letter dated March 8, 1989, the DLNR-HPD gave final approval to the archaeological survey. The current landowner has decided to perform additional data recovery on Feature A in lieu of preservation, and a data recovery plan for Site 50-10-28-2005 was prepared in 2004 for Feature A and the associated cultural deposit (Appendix 3 of the application). By letter dated June 23, 2004 (Appendix 4 of the application), the DLNR-HPD approved the proposed data recovery plan for the site. 17. Cultural Resources: According to the applicant, no valued cultural, historical or natural resources appear to exist on the property and no gathering is taking place on the site. 18. Air quality/Noise impacts: The proposed use will generate additional air pollution and noise. Construction will cause temporary impacts to air quality and noise, which will be -4- mitigated by proper adherence to mitigation measures imposed during permits for grading and construction. The applicant proposes to develop and implement a dust control management plan. 19. Coastal Hazards: The property is located mauka of Alii Drive, is not an oceanfront parcel, and will not affect or be affected by shoreline processes. 20. Visual Resources: The existing coastal views of some private properties mauka of the property may be affected, particularly for existing or future single-story buildings mauka of the proposed structure, with a maximum height limit of 45 feet. 21. Traffic. The proposed project would add to the cumulative traffic impact on Alii Drive. In response to concerns about providing a roadway that would connect Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway, the design for the project includes a road reserve along the southern portion of the property that will be dedicated to the County for use as a road at a future date. Construction of the road will depend upon, among other actions, acquisition of similar road reserves from other landowners. A Traffic Impact Analysis Repo°t for the Ke Kai Alii Condominium on Alii Drive dated November ] 0, 2003 (Appendix 5 of the application) concluded that "the increases in ambient traffic due to new development projects in Kailua-Kona are forecast to have an adverse impact on the Alii Drive/Hualalai road intersection. Mitigation in the form of widening the northbound approach of Alii Drive would improve traffic operations to acceptable levels. The proposed project would generate a small number of trips that add to the cumulative traffic impact but not adversely affect traffic." With or without the proposed project, the intersection of Hualalai Road and Alii Drive will not operate at an acceptable level of service. The TIAR does not address the intersection of Walua Road and Kuakini Highway which is forecasted to be deficient as a result of ambient growth in the area. According to the Department of Public Works, the Kailua Village Master Plan provides for a street connection (identified as the "Village Bypass") from Alii Drive to Kuakini Highway and Queen Kaahumanu Highway by an extension ofNani Kailua Drive. The southem portion of the property, as well as a portion of the adjoining property to the south, has been identified as a preferred location for the alignment of the Village Bypass. The Department of Public Works recommends that the applicant reserve and upon request by the DPW, provide the right-of-entry, slope easements and the proposed right-of--way at no cost to the County to allow for construction of the proposed Village Bypass. Vehicular access to the future Village Bypass may be restricted to right-in and right-out movements at the discretion of the Department of Public Works by the inclusion of a center median divider in the County street. 22. Public Access: There is no record of a designated public access that traverses the property. PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES 23. Access: Two accesses are proposed from Alii Drive, atwo-lane collector street with an approximately 20-foot wide pavement with paved shoulders within a substandard approximately 50-foot right-of--way. The lower level parking deck with 92 parking stalls for residents will have access from the north driveway. The upper level parking with 45 parking stalls for commercial use would be accessed from the south driveway. The Department of Public Works recommends that vehicular access to Alii Drive be limited to one approach and dedicate at no cost to the County, five (5) feet of additional right-of- way width (exclusive of the driveway approach) along the frontage of Alii Drive in conformance with collector street standards. The additional right-of--way would allow for one of several options including the preservation of the existing parking, left-turn lane installation or a transit vehicle loading zone. 24. Water: According to the Department of Water Supply, 73 units of water are required for the proposed development. Through participation in a previous waterline improvement project, the previous owners of the property secured a water commitment for 48 units of water. With additional waterline improvements along Alii Drive, water can be made available for the project. The Department of Water Supply requires the construction of the following improvements, should the change of zone request be approved: • extend the existing 12-inch water main approximately 1,200 feet to front the subject parcel; -6- • install a service lateral to accommodate an appropriately sized meter to the development; and • submit installation plans prepared by a professional engineer, registered in the State of Hawaii, for review and approval. 25. Wastewater: The project will comiect to the County sewer system. The Kealakehe W WTP has sufficient capacity to treat the wastewater from the development. 26. Schools: Kahakai Elementazy School is located 1.5 miles to the south, Kealakehe Intermediate School and Kealakehe High School are located within five miles from the site. 27. Recreational Facilities: Hale Halawai is located within walking distance from the property. A regional park with a swimming pool, ball fields, a gymnasium and other facilities is available at the Old Kona Airport. State Parks in the area include the Kealakekua Bay Historic Pazk and Kekaha Kai State Park. County parks in the region include Disappearing (White) Sands Beach Park, Hookena Beach Pazk and Kahaluu Beach Park. 28. Essential Utilities and Services: Electricity and telephone services are available to the site. 'the Kealakehe Police Station is located about four miles from the project site, and fire protection is available from the Kailua-Kona Fire Station located approximately one mile from the site. The Kona Hospital is located in Kealakekua, approximately eleven miles from the property. AGENCIES' AND ORGANIZATIONS' COMMENTS 29. Department of Public Works: Exhibit B -January 5, 2005 Memo 30. Department of Environmental Management: Exhibit C -December 1, 2004 Memo 31. Department of Water Supply: Exhibit D - Apri127, 2005 Memo 32. Fire Department: Exhibit E -December 21, 2004 Memo 33. Department of Land and Natural Resources Land Division: Exhibit F -December 20, 2004 Letter and attachments 34. Department of Health: Exhibit G -December 27, 2004 and January 7, 2005 Memos -7- AGENCIES - NO RESPONSE 35. Civil Defense, Police Department, Department of Land and Natural Resources Historic Preservation Division, Department of Transportation, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Kona Traffic Safety Committee PUBLIC COMMENTS 36. None as of this writing. -g- ' • 1 I ' CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION ' and t SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION ' Puaa 15i, North Kona, Hawaii TMK: (3) 7-5-009-023 ' Applicant: KPC Villages, LLC ' August, 2004 1 I 1 I EXH~tBIT • ' TABLE OF CONTENTS Applications: ' Change of Zone Application Change of Zone Application Attachment ' Environmental Review for Change of Zone Request for TMK: 7-5-009-023 ' Special Management Area Use Permit Application ' Background Information for Special Management Use Permit Application List of Figures: t Figure 1 USGS Map Figure 2 Neighborhood Location Map ' Figure 3a View of Property fiom Northwest Figure 3b View ofMid-Property ' Figure 3c View for Motorists on Kuakini over Property Figure 3d View to North from Northwest Property Comer ' Figure 4 Existing Features/Topographic Site Plan Figure Sa Site Plan/2nd Level Figure5b Sub 1~` Level Floor Plan ' Figure Sc 1~` Level Floor Plan Figure Sd 2"~ Level Floor Plan ' Figure Se 6`" Level Floor Plan Figure Sf South Elevation ' Figure Sg Building Sections Figure Sh Building Sections 1 1 ' TABLE OF CONTENTS ' List of Appendices: Appendix 1 Intensive Archaeological Survey and Limited Data Recovery, Site 50-10-28-2005 ' Appendix 2 Additional Analysis of Portable Remains: Site 2005 ' ' Appendix 3 Data Recovery Plan for Site 50-10-28-2005 Feature A and Associated Cultural Deposits ' Appendix 4 Letters from DLNR dated August 9, 1988, March 8, 1989 and June 23, 2004 to archaeological reports ' Appendix 5 Traffic Impact Analysis for the Ke Kai Alii Condominium on Alii Drive ' Appendix 6 Metes and Bounds Property Description and Survey Map Appendix 7 List of Property Owners within 300 feet of TMK No. 7-5-009-023 ' Appendix 8 Real Property Tax Clearance for TMK: 3-7-5-009-023 1 I 1 ' CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT (Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: K.P. C. Villages, LLC ' APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: ~C' C [~iux~P LLC DATE: -2 B-° ADDRESS: c/o Tonv C.Nee, 655 S. Hudson Ave, Los Angeles California 90005 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: ' LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Ton Nee Precilla Nee PHONE: (Bus.) (323)233-8888 (Res.) (Fax) (3231233-8008 LANDOWNER(S): K.P.C. Villaees, LLC ' LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): DATE:7-1 (Maybe by letter) _ LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: c/o Tonv Nee, 655 S. Hudson Ave., Los Angeles California 900x9` REQUEST: RM-1 TO V-.75 ' (Existing zoning) (Proposed Zoning) TAX MAP KEY: (31 7-5-009-023 ' STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: 75-5825 Alii Drive, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii ' SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S) TO BE REZONED: 1.17 acres AGENT: Sandra P. Song, Esq. ' ADDRESS: 101 Auouni Street, Suite 124, Hilo, Hawaii 96720; e-mail: Sandrason~((uwerizon.net 1 ' TELEPHONE:(Bus.) (8081933-9212 (Res.) (Fax) (808) 935-3945 Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ' ORIGINAL: Sandra P. Sone, Esq. _ COPIES: Tonv C. Nee, K.P.C. Villages, LLC ' ATTACHMENT Commercial, RM, Resort, & Industrial ' PLANNING DEPARTMENT COUNTY OF HAWAII APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE I. if your request is approved, do you intend to subdivide the subject land in accordance with the approved change ' of zone? No If please answer the rest of question I and then to question 3. ' a. How many acres of the requested area do you intend to subdivide? ' b. Into what lot sizes? c. if your request is approved, approximately how long ' after the date of approval do you expect to submit your subdivision plans to the Planning Department for preliminary approval? ' If you intend to subdivide, please submit a preliminary schematic subdivision plan together with your change of zone application form. ' 2. If you nave no firm plans of subdividing the subject area, do you intend to: ' a. Sell or lease the land to someone who has firm plans? No ' b. Sell or lease the land to someone who has tentative plans? No c. Sell or lease the land to someone who has no plans? No ' d' Keep it? No ' e. other (please state) Construct a building on the property with 68 residential units and 13,000 square feet of commercial space to be sold as a condominium time-share project. I 1 • ' f. If you intend to do either a, b, or c, please elaborate on the kind of plans the other party has. Please, also, include in your answer approximately how soon after ' approval of your rezoning do you expect to transfer the subject land to another. party. ' 3. What specific building plans do you have for the subject land? Include in your answer the fallowing: type of building (apartment, office, launderette, etc.); financing arrangement; ' timetable for construction; and any other information which you feel might help us in evaluating your request. The proposed plans are fora residential-commercial mixed-use, multi-story building, 45-feet in ' height, with underground and street level parking. 68 residential units are proposed for the upper levels of the building with 13,000 square feet of commercial space on the ground floor. 90 underground residential parking spaces 43 ground level commercial parking spaces are proposed ' The building plans also include a pool and deck. A road reserve is also designated on the project site for a future County road which would connect Alii Drive with Kuakini Highway. The owner is proposing to finance the building through conventional bank financing. ' Construction is expected to take 18 months and the sale of the units an additional 24 months. 1 ' 4. Have you performed any study which would demonstrate a need for your proposed building and/or development? No ' if so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided below. ' 2 ' S. Have you performed any study which discusses the environmental impacts your request would nave on the surrounding area and/or the County? Yes ' If so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided below. ' See environmental assessment attached to this application. No substantial adverse environmental effects are expected from the rezoning and subsequent development. Negligible short-term impacts to noise, trafftc, scenic values and dust or sedimentation ' may occur during construction. A dust control management plan would mitigate the impacts of dust during construction. Drainage plans and improvements will prevent adverse drainage impacts. Mitigation meastues will be implemented to ensure appropriate treatment of the significant archaeological feature on the site. Mitigation for long-term ' traffic impacts will be developed during the rezoning and plan approval process. Also, a road reserve is being set aside for a future road connecting Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway. 6. Are there any buildings on the subject area? No ' If so, what kind? ' What do you intend to do with those buildings if your request is approved? ' 7. Is the subject land currently being used for any agricultural activity? No ' if so, please list the kinds of products grown on and how many square feet or acres of land per product? ' -3- e. To your knowledge, has there been any flooding and/or drainage problem on the subject area? No If so, please describe the problem. ' g, Do you think that the roads leading to the subject area needs improvement? Yes If so, what kind? ' The regional traffic problems for the entire North Kona district need to be resolved. The owner is, however, setting aside a road reserve on the project site for a furore County road to connect Alii Drive with Kuakini Highway. Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume ' or load? Yes 10. What sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements do you feel will be needed in the subject area when ' developed? ' a. Schools X b. Roads X ' c. Sewer X ' d. Drainage :K e. Police Protection X ' f. Fire Protection K Recreational Facilities X 9 ' h. Recreational Facilities i. Other ' -4- ' For those checked "yes," please elaborate what type or kinds of improvements and/or assistance are needed. ' Existing schools, roads, sewer, drainage, police, fire and recreational facilities will accommodate the proposed project. 11. Have you performed any historic sites study and/or survey of the ' subject area? If so, what were the results? Please, also, submit a copy of the study together with this change of zone supplement. ' An archaeological survey was conducted by PHRI in 1987-1988, and a more intensive analysis of one of the features in 1988. Feamre A of Site 2005, a house site, was the only ' area where more intensive treatment was recommended. By letter dated August 9, 1988, DLNR recommended either that Feature A be preserved or that additional archaeological investigation be conducted prior to demolition of the site. IlY May, 2004, a revised data recovery plan for Site 2005 was submitted to DLNR State Historic Preservation for ' approval. ' Signature: Address: 655 S.Hudson Ave,Los Angeles,CA 90005 ' Telephone: (323)233-8888 ' Date: 7-2$-y~ 1 ' -7- ' 6338A/SOA P. D. 5/84 ' ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW ' CHANGE OF ZONE REQUEST FOR TMK 7-5-009-023 PUA`A, NORTHKONA, HAWAII ' July 2004 Introduction 1 This Environmental Review (ER) was developed at the request ofKPC Villages, LLC, as supporting material for a Change of Zone application that is being submitted to the ' Hawaii County Planning Department. Property Location ' The rezoning applies to a 51,083-sq. ft. property identified as TMK 7-5-009:023. The property fronts Ali`i Drive on the mauka side, at the southern end of downtown Kailua- ' Kona, about 3/10 of a mile south of the intersection of Ali`i Drive and Hualalai Road (see Figures 1-3). ' Current Land Use and Land Use Designations ' The property is now vacant of any developed uses and contains weedy vegetation. The existing features on the property and its topography are depicted in Figure 4. The property is bordered by other vacant property to the south and east, by a multi-story ' commercial complex to the north, and by Ali`i Drive to the west (mauka), across which lies commercial development. ' The parcel is currently zoned RM-1, is classified in the State Land Use Urban District, and is designated in the Master Plan for Kailua-Kona as KesorUCommercial Mixed Use (Hawai`i County Planning Dept. 1994: p.3-13). The property is designated in the I currently adopted (1989) Hawai 'i County General Plan as Medium Density Urban Expansion. ' Nature of Change of Zone Request and Project Description The change of zone request is from RM-1 (Multi-family residential, 1,000 square feet ' minimum land area per dwelling or separate rentable unit) to V-.75 (Hotel-Resort) The applicant is submitting the change of zone request in order to allow development of ' the proposed Ke Kai .Ali`i condominium-commercial complex. The project consists of 68 dwelling units in a multi-story building, with 13,000 squaze feet of retail space on the ground floor. A recreation deck with a pool are also included in the plans. 90 I underground residential parking spaces and 45 ground level commercial parking spaces are provided. The project also designates a road reserve on the south side of the property for a future County road connecting Ali'I Drive with Kuakini Highway. (Figures Sa-Sh). The project is expected to be permitted, designed and built over the next two yeazs. ' Environmental Repa-t, TMK 7-5-009:02.3 Page 1 Methodology for Determining Existing Environment and Assessing Impacts ' Methodology included field survey and examination of published records related to the environmental conditions on the site. ' An informal biological survey of the property was conducted in September 2003, after consulting information provided in a 1998 Special Management Area application. The ' primary objective was to determine whether any raze or endangered species, or habitat for ' such species, were present on the parcel. ' An archaeological survey of the property was conducted by PHRI in April 1988, followed by a more intensive analysis of one of the sites in October 1988. The work ' involved examination of previous archaeological surveys, research in land use history, and intensive fieldwork. ' Records, maps and publications examined included the zoning maps, pazcel maps and records, State Land Use District Maps, and Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) maintained at the Hawaii County Planning and Public Works Departments. Published t sources included the Atlas of Hawai 'i (3rd ed.), the Manual of Flowering Plants of Hawaii, the Rainfall Atlas, ofHawai'i, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographical map Kailua (1:24,000 scale), the U.S. Soil Conservation Service's Soil ' Survey oflsland ofHawai'i, the USGS publication Volcanic and Seismic Hazards on the Island ofHawai'i, and the 2000 U.S. Census of Population. The References section at the end of this report supplies full references for all published material. ' It should be noted that no Phase I Environmental Assessment was conducted as part of the research for this report, which does not cover the potential (if any) for hazardous ' conditions or materials being present on the site. General Site Description 1 The site is a minimum of 150 feet of the shoreline and ranges from 10-35 feet above mean sea level. The slope on the property is slight to moderate. Annual rainfall is ' approximately 40 inches (Giambelluca et al 1986). Soil in this azea is classified as Punalu`u extremely rocky peat, which is a thin layer of soil that builds up over pahoehoe soil. It has rapid permeability, slow runoff, and slight erosion hazazd. Its capability subclass is VIIs, meaning that it has severe limitations that make it unsuitable for cultivation and limit its uses largely to pasture and range, woodland or wildlife (USDA 1973:55). 1 1 ' Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009: 023 Page 2 ' Flora, Fauna and Ecosystems: Existing Conditions Based on rainfall and geologic substrate, the original vegetation of the general azea was probably Coastal Dry/Nlesic Forest, per Gagne and Cuddihy (1990), consisting of an open canopy forest of various trees, shrubs, herbs, vines and ferns. The general ' landscape of the Kailua-Kona azea has been radically altered by centuries of settlements, over a century of grazing, and pazticularly by the development of the hotels, condominiums, resort homes and associated infrastructure and commercial activity since 1960. The vegetation has also been fundamentally altered by fire as well as ungulate grazing and browsing. Alien plants have infested to the point that in many locations ' native species aze few to none. The aliens kiawe (Prosopis pallida) and koa haole (Leucaena leucocephala) long ago became dominant in the coastal dry forest. On this property, as is typical of the region, the vegetation on the site is almost completely alien. ' In fact, only one common indigenous plant, `uhaloa (Waltheria indica), was found on the property. Typical plant species found during the survey aze listed in Table 1. ' Table 1 T ical Plant S ecies on Site Scientific Name Famil Common Name Life Form Status ' Abutilon randifolium Malvaceae Ha abutilon Herb A As stasis an erica Acanthaceae Chinese violet Herb A Cascabela thevetia A oc aceae Yellow oleander Tree A ' Clusia roses Clusiaceae Auto a h tree Ttee A Coccinea randis Cucurbitatceae Iv ourd Vine A Desmanthus vir alas Fabaceae Slender mimosa Shrub A I omoea triloba Convolvulaceae Little bell Vine A ' Leucaena leucoce hala Fabaceae Haole koa Tree A Malvastrum coromandelianum Malvaceae False mallow Herb A Panicum maximum Poaceae Guinea rass Grass A ' Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Pi weed Herb A Proso is allida Fabaceae Kiawe Tree A Ricinus communis Eu horbiaceae Castor bean Shrub A Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae Uhaloa Herb I ' Wedelia [rilobata Asteraceae Wedelia Vine A A = alien, E =endemic, [ =indigenous No systematic faunal survey of the property was conducted. The alien vegetation and urban environs provide habitat for a number of alien bird species such as Yellow-Billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicas), and Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Mongooses (Herpestes auropuncratus), feral cats (Fells catus), rats (Rattus spp.) and mice (Mus musculus domesticus) undoubtedly inhabit or use the property. Cats and mongooses were ' seen during the reconnaissance. It is highly unlikely that any native forest birds, seabirds or migratory birds (especially ' those with threatened or endangered status) would find the site suitable habitat or be affected by activities that occur on the parcel. The two Hawaiian raptors, the Hawaiian ' Hawk or `Io (Buteo solitarius), and the Hawaiian Owl or Pueo (Asio flammeus sandwichensis), possibly make some use of the area. Although the Hawaiian Hawk is an ' Environmental Report, TMK 7- i-009.023 Page 3 endangered species, the subject property consists of a low forest of alien trees and would not be considered part of its essential habitat. The only native Hawaiian land mammal, the endangered Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus), may also be present in the area, as it is has been observed in many areas on the island of Hawaii, including isolated sites with disturbed vegetation on Ali`i Drive. Systematic searches for bats are difficult to accomplish. As there were no reports of bat roosts, no searches have been undertaken for the property, and there is therefore no conclusive evidence for an absence of bats. As with the hawk, however, the alien ' vegetation and urban, disturbed surroundings of the project area would not be expected to represent essential habitat for this species. Flora, Fauna and Ecosystems: Impacts and Mitigation Measures No rare, threatened or endangered species as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service appear to be present on the parcel, nor are there unique or valuable wildlife habitats. Only one native plant species was observed. The history of continuous disturbance of this lowland, urban site indicates little value in terms of conserving native species. No impact on native species or habitat is expected to result from the rezoning or subsequent activities on the site. Drainage and Water Quality: Existing Conditions No permanent or intermittent streams appeaz on maps of the property, and no evidence of watercourses or gullies was present in the reconnaissance. No water bodies such as wetlands or anchialine ponds are present. The Flood Insurance Rate Maps for the azea classify the entire parcel as Zone X, defined as azeas identified in the community flood insurance study with moderate or minimal hazard from the principal source of flood in the area. Drainage: Impacts and Mitigation Measures The property does not appeaz prone to flooding or likely to produce lazge quantities of runoff onto adjacent areas in its current state. For any property undergoing intensification of use, flooding can be generated onsite because of an increase in runoff potential from rain falling on more impermeable surfaces. Mitigation for such impacts may consist of gutters, storm drains, drywells or other structures to ensure that all runoff is contained onsite. The applicant will develop a drainage plan that will be reviewed by the County of Hawai `i Department of Public Works, which will advise the County of any necessary drainage improvements during the rezoning and plan approval processes. The change of zone applicant will comply with all drainage mitigation conditions required by the County. Based on expected mitigation measures, no net impact to the applicant's or any neighboring properties is expected to result from the proposed project. Enviratmental Report, TMK 7-5-009: 02.3 Page 4 ~ • • I In order to reduce the potential for erosion, polluted runoff, and offsite transport of I sediment or dust, an erosion control plan and a dust control management plan will be developed and implemented as part of construction plans. I Lava Flow and Earthquake Hazards: Existing Conditions The entire Big Island is subject to geologic hazazds, especially lava flows and I earthquakes. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) classifies all of Kailua-Kona, which is on the slopes of the dormant volcano Hualalai, as Lava Flow Hazazd Zone 4, on a scale of ascending risk 9 to 1. Less than 15 percent of the ground surface within Zone 4 I has been covered by lava within the last 750 years. The entire island of Hawaii is in Zone 4 on a scale of ascending risk 1 to 4 in the Seismic I Probability Rating. Major damage corresponding to a score of 7 or above on the Modified Mercalli Scale is possible. Lava Flow and Earthquake Hazards: Impacts and Mitigation Measures No adverse impacts related to geological hazazds aze expected to result directly or indirectly from the proposed rezoning. A similaz level of lava flow hazard is shazed by all properties in the region. Compliance with the regulations of the Uniform Building Code is required to mitigate seismic damage. Air Quality and Noise: Existing Conditions Air quality in the project azea is currently affected mostly by emissions from motor vehicles and natural sources. Volcanic emissions of sulfur dioxide convert into particulate sulfate which causes a volcanic haze (vog) to blanket the area, a consistent problem in Kona. Motor vehicles on Ali`i Drive and adjacent roads and homes emit cazbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides and hydrocazbons (an ozone precursor), as well as smaller amounts of other pollutants. On-site noise is generated by neazby conunercial activities and roads, and is typical of urban settings. Air Quality and Noise: Impacts and Mitigation Measures i The proposed change of zone, which would allow 68 residences along with commercial I development instead of the 48 units originally authorized by SMA Permit No. 276, would result in a slightly greater density of mixed urban/commercial uses and would thus generate additional air pollution and noise. Such increases would be negligible in the context of existing conditions and merit no special mitigation measures. The azea is identified for urban uses and basic urban impacts have already been anticipated. Construction will cause temporary impacts to air quality and noise, which will be mitigated by proper adherence to mitigation measures imposed during permits for grading and construction by the County of Hawaii and the State of Hawaii. A dust Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009:023 Page S i • • control management plan will be developed and implemented as part of construction plans. I Scenic Resources: Existing Conditions Existing weedy vegetation on this property and the properties between it and Kuakini Highway almost completely blocks views of and through the pazcel from Kuakini I Highway and Ali`i Drive. The commercial complex to the north blocks views of the pazcel from that direction. Existing weedy vegetation on the property to the south also blocks views of the parcel from fixrther south. The property has little if any scenic value I in and of itself (Fig. 3). Several views in the Kailua Bay area are specifically cited in the 1989 Hawaii County General Plan Support Document (and/or the current proposed revision) as examples of natural beauty to be preserved for future generations: I View TMK Ahupua`a Kailua Bay Area 7-5-04:52 Lanihau 7-5-05:23, 24, 32 I White Sand Beach 7-5-05:7 Keahuolu Viewplane along Queen Various Various Ka`ahumanu Highway I going mauka and makai TMK 7-5-04:52 is a property on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway that is not visible from the I subject property. TMKs 7-5-05: 7, 23, 24 and 32 aze located on the north side of Kailua Bay, around Kukailimoku Point, and aze not visible from the subject property. There aze no views of the subject property (or the coast in front of it) from Queen Ka`ahumanu I Highway. Scenic Resources: Impacts and Mitigation Measures I The proposed rezoning is unlikely to adversely affect recognized scenic views. However, as with all coastal development, some private properties mauka of the subject property may have their coastal views diminished. This is particulazly true for existing or fixture single-story buildings that would lie mauka of the proposed multi-story buildings, which will have a maximum roof height of 45 feet. However, all property mauka of the subject I property as far as Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway is designated for Medium Density Urban Expansion in the current and proposed General Plan, and is likely to be multistory. As shown in Figure 1, the slope behind the subject property is consistently steep, and I properties mauka aze still likely to retain the potential for good ocean views, although some view blocking is inevitable. I No designated scenic views will be affected, and no other common public views of the ocean will be affected in any way. Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009: 023 Page 6 i • • I Socioeconomic: Existing Conditions The following table presents recent and historic population data for Hawaii County and the North and South Kona Districts. I Po ulation Growth in Kona, 1970-2000 I District/Period 1970 1980 1990 2000 % Growth North Kona 4,832 13,898 22,284 28,543 488% South Kona 4,004 5,809 7,658 8,589 114% Hawaii County 64,468 92,053 120,317 148,677 131% Sources: U.S. Bureau of [he Census: various publications; Hawaii County Da[a Book. The population of Kona has grown steadily since 1965 as a result of the expanding visitor industry in West Hawaii, which has a large and growing shaze of the visitors to the island and consequently the de facto population. At any given time, up to one-fourth of those present in Kona are visitors. The population of Kailua-Kona was 9,870 in 2000, according to the U.S. Census of Population. Whites account for 38.7 percent of the population, while 10.8 percent aze Hawaiian, 8.9 percent are Filipino, and S.7 percent aze Japanese. Children under 18 yeazs of age account for 27.3 percent of the population, while 10.0 percent of residents aze over 65. Those born in the U.S. account for 84.8 percent, and 52.3 percent were born in the State of Hawaii. For those 16 years of age or older, 71.1 percent are in the labor force. In terms of commuting to work, 69.8 percent drive alone, while 17.9 percent carpool, and 6.4 percent walk; 2.9 percent work at home. The greatest number work in sales and office positions (31.2 percent), followed by service occupations (27.7 percent), management and professional (20.3 percent), and construction and maintenance (9.4 percent). Only 9.9 percent of the population are government workers. The average household size is 2.78 persons. Families represent 68.7 percent of al] households. The median household income in 2000 was $40,784. Those below the poverty level are 10.8 percent of individuals and 11.8 percent of families. Owner- ' occupied dwellings make up 51.3 percent of all occupied dwellings, and 48.7 percent aze rented. Vacant homes aze 18.2 percent of the total number of units (U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Fact Finder web page). Socioeconomic: Impacts and Mitigation Measures The proposed rezoning would allow about 20 more households than would be possible under existing permits. Based on an average household size of 2.78 persons in the Kailua-Kona (Source: 2000 U.S. Census of Population, American Fact Finder web page), Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009: 023 page 7 ~ • • 55 additional residents might eventually occupy the units. It is anticipated that many of them would be short-term renters (mostly timeshaze occupants) from outside the State of Hawaii, as is common with condominiums in this azea of Kona. The magnitude of this addition would not be substantial in terms of the existing or expected growth in Kona. At the time of rezoning and subdivision, various fees and requirements aze usually imposed to account for the additional needs to provide general services to new residents. In addition, tax revenues generated by new residences increase the tax base and provide funds for roads, schools, parks and other public facilities. Neighborhood Character: Existing Conditions and Impacts The property is within an area whose principal land uses are hotels, services, retail shops and homes associated with the resort industry. The azea is identified as Medium Density Urban Expansion in the Hawaii County General Plan. The current draft of the General Plan, which is in the final stages of a periodic revision, proposes changing the designation of this azea to Resort Node. Because adjacent areas have land uses and densities similar to those being proposed through this rezoning request, and because the project is in conformance with approved land use plans, there would be little impact to the character of the neighborhood. Kailua Village Special District The project is within the Kailua Village Special District, as defined with the Hawaii County Zoning Code Section 25-7-1. The Master Plan for Kona (Hawai`i County Planning Department 1994) is meant to serve as a guide for the development appropriate to Kailua Village. It expresses the opportunities and constraints concerning land development controls, land use options, etc. As discussed above, the Ke Kai Ali'i project is consistent with the property's designation as Resort/Commercial Mixed Use (p.3-13). Furthermore, the rezoning is consistent or not inconsistent with the basic goals and objectives of the Plan (p. 2-1 to 2- 3) that include the following excerpts or pazaphrasals: • To maintain the continued role of Kailua Village as a tourist destination and retailing focus of Kona. • To maintain and enhance the character identified as the "Kona Way of Life." • To preserve and enhance the natural environment by preserving natural assets/landscape and integrating them with pedestrian activities and new development. • To discourage vehicle oriented development and encourage pedestrian activities, via design guidelines, density, land use and circulation proposals. • To enhance the pedestrian environment via provision for pedestrian pathways, sidewalks and bikeways where appropriate. • To minimize visual impact of the automobile via providing group pazking areas/structures for the Village to permit more pedestrian access. Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009.02.3 Page 8 ~ • • I To preserve and enhance culturaUhistoricaUnatural resources and sites to maintain local values and encourage visitor access. • To integrate new development in the natural environment. • To have respect for the local history, tradition and culture via the preservation of I sites and structures while encouraging public understanding and access. • To have an orientation to the pedestrian scale in buildings and landscape. • To use casual, rustic, natural materials and colors designed for comfort and I reflection as opposed to the Fast-paced style of high-tech/high-rise glass and metal. I The purpose of the Kailua Village Design Commission is to advise the Planning Director in matters concerning the design of buildings and structures and all public and private improvements within the Kailua Village Special District. The commission consists of I nine members with special experience and/or qualifications related to the Kailua Village azea who aze appointed by the Mayor. Among their duties is providing an azchitectural and design review of applications requiring plan approval by the Planning Director that is consistent with the provisions of the County Charter, general plan, zoning and all other related ordinances and any publicly funded master plan developed for Kailua Village I It appears that the project's nature and design chazacteristics aze likely to be consistent with the goals expressed in the Master Plan for Kona. In order to ensure that the development is compatible with design guidelines, the project will be subject to the review of the Kailua Village Design Commission. Agricultural Land. Existing Conditions and Impacts The agricultural utility of soil in Hawaii has been assessed by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service and mapped as part of map series Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH). The property is classified as Urban (Source: ALISH maps on file, Hawaii County Planning Department; Hawaii State Geographic Information System web page). No loss to important agricultural land would occur as a result of the action. Archaeology and Historic Sites: Existing Conditions An archaeological survey of the property was conducted by PHRI in 1987-1988 followed by a more intensive analysis of one of the features in 1988. In the first report (PHRI 1988a), archaeologists determined that one azchaeological site (Site 50-10-28-2005) was present. This site was first identified in the 1930s during an archaeological survey of the coast (Reinecke 1930). It is interpreted as a dwelling compound, consisting of a lazge stone-walled enclosure with a platform and a small enclosure. The site corresponds to Land Commission Award 4140 to Kamanawa, and represents a pahale or house site, appazently one of several that Kamanawa and her sister Kaikainali`i inherited from their father Manuhoa II. The archaeological survey involved Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009: 023 Page 9 i • • I systematic examination of Site 2005. The various features associated with Site 2005 were determined to be significant for information content only, with the exception of Feature A, a platform that measures about 45 by 35 feet. This feature contained a variety of artifacts from various pre-Contact and post-Contact periods that cleazly indicated its I long-term use as a habitation. The survey discussed three treatment options for this feature, including continued preservation, intensive data recovery excavations, and a combination of the two. The survey also recommended azchaeological monitoring during I any grubbing or grading on the property, incase previously unidentified surface structural remains, subsurface cultural features or deposits of significance aze encountered. I The report and its significance recommendations were submitted to the Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) Historic Sites Section in 1988. In a I letter of August 9, 1988, DLNR Director William Paty stated that although the survey was adequate, Feature A required more intensive data recovery and/or preservation. They recommended that a condition to the SMA require a supplemental azchaeological I report if Feature A were preserved or a data recovery report if the data recovery option was taken. In either case, the report would require approval from DLNR. The second report (PHRI 1988b) documented the data recovery in the form of excavated pits, midden analysis, and artifact dating that determined dates and functions from Feature A. It concluded that Feature A was almost certainly a house site, and that it was initially occupied during the late prehistoric period. The limited range of the artifacts was interpreted to indicate limited occupation. A data recovery plan for Site 50-10-28-2005 was prepazed in 2004 for Feature A and the associated cultural deposit (PHRI 2004), and was submitted to DLNR for approval in May, 2004. The reports and data recovery plan aze attached to the change of zone application as Appendix 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Archaeology and Historic Sites: Impacts and Mitigation Measures The report was reviewed by DLNR, which recommended in a letter of August 9, 1988, that the SMA contain a condition requiring either preservation of Feature A or additional minor archaeological investigation. The Planning Department recommended preservation of Feature A in a letter to then-owner Libbie Kamisugi. In light of this, and in receipt of some minor report revisions, and Ralston Nagata, State Historic Preservation Officer of DLNR, gave final approval to the archaeological survey by letter on Mazch 8, 1989. The current owner of the property has decided to perform additional data recovery on Feature A in lieu of preservation, and by letter dated June 23, 2004, DLNR approved the proposed data recovery plan for the site. Appendi_r 4 contains copies of all letters cited above. it Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009:023 Page 10 i ~ • I Valued Natural, Cultural and Historical Resources As no burials, ceremonial features, gathering resources appear to be located on the property, it would appear that no valued cultural, historical or natural resources appeaz to exist on the subject property. To the extent to which traditional and customary native I Hawaiian rights are exercised, the proposed action will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights, therefore no action is necessazy to protect those rights. I Traffic and Roads: Existing Conditions M&E Pacific prepazed a Traffic Impact Analysis Report (TIAR) for an earlier design of the project which was essentially the same as the proposed project except that it contained more retail space and did not include a road reserve. The report is attached to the change of zone application as Appendix 5 and summarized below. The report described existing roadway and traffic conditions in the project vicinity. Then, the engineer calculated the traffic that would be generated by 68 residential units and the 15,000 feet of retail space that are planned if the change of zone is approved. For comparison purposes, the engineer separately calculated the traffic generated that would be generated by a 48-unit residential project, as current zoning permits. The engineer then analyzed the traffic impacts of the proposed project by calculating Level of Service and intersection delays For the year 2005, factoring in current and reasonably foreseeable projects. Existine Roadway Ali'i Drive is a two-lane collector road that runs along the shoreline from Kailua- Kona to Keauhou. Ali`i Drive is posted for 15 MPH speed limit from the hazbor to Walua Road Hualalai Road is an east-west roadway that intersects Ali`i Drive from the mauka side about one-half mile north of the project site. This two-lane roadway provides access to the mauka regions of Kailua-Kona. The intersection with Ali'i Drive is an all-way stop with all approaches stop sign-controlled. Kahakai Road intersects Ali`i Drive at a skew angle from the makai side immediately north of the project site. This two-lane roadway serves makai properties that may not be directly connected to Ali`i Drive. The Kahakai Road approach is stop sign-controlled. Right turns from Kahakai Road onto Ali`i Drive are prohibited. The two-lane access roadway into the Coconut Grove Mazketplace is located across the street from Kahakai Street. Walua Road intersects Ali`i Drive at a skew angle from the mauka side about 1000 feet south of the project site. The two-lane Walua Road continues southwest and connects with Kuakini Highway. The Walua Road approach is stop sign- controlled. Environmental Report. TMK 7-5-009: 023 Page I1 ~ • • Existine Traffic I Traffic turning movement counts were taken during morning and afternoon peak hours at I three study intersections on September 10 and 11, 2003, to determine existing traffic conditions. I Traffic has been increasing on Ali`i Drive, as counts from the State Department of Transportation indicate. Traffic counts since 1994 show an uneven but certain increase of about 10 percent, from about 12,000 to over 13,000. Overall, there was a 1.2% annual I increase for the 1994 to 2002 period and a 3.1% increase from 1996 to 2002. Traffic Forecastine Methodology I Traffic forecasts were prepazed for the years 2005, when the project is expected to begin occupancy. Ambient traffic on Ali`i Drive can be expected to increase due to regional I growth and new projects in the azea during this two-yeaz period. The traffic that would be generated from the proposed project was then added to the ambient traffic forecast to obtain the total with-project traffic forecast. The combined ambient growth rates (ambient over existing) forecast for the two-year period in each direction of travel at the Kahakai Road/Coconut Grove Market Place roadway intersection are shown below: Southbound Northbound AM Peak Hour 25% 20% PM Peak Hour 20% 20% Traffc and Roads: Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures Proiect Generated Traffic The traditional procedure of trip generation, distribution, and assignment was used to forecast the number of trips that would be generated by the proposed project under the proposed change of zone, the distribution of these trips, and the specific intersection fuming movements that would he utilized. Under the scenario envisioned under the proposed change of zone, the 68 proposed residential condominium units aze expected to generate 31 outbound and 6 inbound trips in the morning peak, and 30 inbound and 15 outbound trips in the afternoon peak. The commercial area is expected to generate greater numbers of walk-in as opposed to motor vehicle trips, due to the project's location in apedestrian-dominated, visitor-oriented azea. The retail trips were calculated to be 10 outbound and 9 inbound trips in the ~ morning peak, and 17 inbound and 22 outbound trips in the afternoon peak. Based on review of other studies in the area, both the residential and commercial trips were assumed to have a 60% north/40% south distribution. The trips were then assigned as Environmental Report, TMK 7-.5-009: 023 Page I2 i • • turning movements to the study intersections and added to the ambient traffic forecasts to obtain the total with-project traffic forecasts. By comparison, the traffic that would be generated by a project that built 48 residential units, as would be allowed under existing zoning, was also calculated. Depending on the I intersection and movement under consideration, the reduction at AM and PM peak hours would be between about 10 and 40 percent, compazed to the proposed project. Level Of Service Analysis The concept of level of service is used to quantify the quality of traffic flow on roadway facilities and then expressing it on an "A" to "F" scale. Levels of service A to E aze I considered acceptable for unsignalized intersections. Level of service F (with average delays longer than 50 seconds) is considered undesirable for unsignalized intersections and would indicate the need for mitigation. The Ali`i Drive/Hualalai Road intersection has anall-way stop, and thus levels of service I were calculated for each approach and the intersection as a whole. The intersection is currently at level of service D during the morning peak and level F during the afternoon peak. The northbound approach of Ali`i Drive has the highest volumes and the worst levels of service. The current level of service F condition is evidenced by the long queues on the northbound approach of Ali`i Drive during the midday, afternoon and evening periods. The additional traffic volumes forecast over the next two years even I without the project (the ambient increase) will have an adverse impact at this intersection. The overall intersection level of service in the morning peak is forecast to change from level D to F, and delays would increase from 31 to 81 seconds/vehicle. The afternoon peak level of service would remain at level F, but the delay would increase from 52 to 117 seconds. Almost all the impact would be on the northbound approach of Ali`i Drive. The delay during the morning peak would increase from 45 to 134 seconds, and the afternoon delay would increase from 71 to 173 seconds. Traffic generated by the project proposed under the change of zone is a small component I of the rise, accounting for an increase in the overall delay at the morning peak from 81 to 95 seconds, and at the afternoon peak, from 117 to 133 seconds. Again, most of this increase in delay would be on the northbound approach of Ali`i Drive. It is important to I note that a project of 48 residential units, as permitted under existing zoning, would only have about 20 percent less additional impact. I Based on pure traffic considerations, the above analysis indicates a need, independent of the proposed project, for mitigating measures at the Ali`i Drive/Hualalai Road intersection (or an additioal connection between Ali`i Drive and Kuakini Highway) to I meet current and ambient traffic forecast demands. As for other intersections, both the Ali`i Drive/Kahakai Road and Ali`i Drive/Walua I Road intersections would continue to operate at acceptable levels of service given the total with-project forecast conditions. The only lazge change in level of service takes place at the Kahakai Road approach, which would decrease from a current level of I I Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009: 023 Page 13 i • • service A in the morning peak to level D for the ambient forecast. However, level of service D is still considered acceptable with no need for mitigation measures. This would indicate that the increase in ambient and total with-project forecast volumes would not have an adverse traffic impact at these intersections. I The outbound movement for the proposed project driveway is forecast to operate at level of service B in both peak periods, indicating very acceptable conditions. The left-turn movements into both sets of driveways are forecast to be level of service A in both peak periods, indicating very acceptable conditions. This would indicate that mitigating measures are not required for the proposed project driveways. I The proposed north project driveway will be about 20 feet from the Coconut Grove Mazket Place access roadway. The level of service methodology does not measure the impact of traffic interaction between closely spaced driveways. However, the traffic volumes using both driveways are sufficiently low that traffic operational problems should not be expected. I Conclusions The increases in ambient traffic due to committed development projects in Kailua-Kona aze forecast to have an adverse impact on the Ali`i Drive/Hualalai Road intersection. The proposed project would generate a small number of trips that would add to the cumulative traffic impact but would not adversely affect traffic in itself. The increase in generated traffic represented by the proposed 68 residential units and 13,000 Feet of retail space as opposed to 48 residential units that would be allowed under existing zoning is about 20 percent. This indicates that the change of zone, in itself, would lead to only a slight increase in traffic. In response to concerns about providing a roadway that would connect Ali'i Drive and Kuakini Highway, the design for the project now includes a road reserve that will be dedicated to the County for use as a road at a future date. Construction of the road will depend upon, among other actions, acquisition of similar road reserves from other landowners mauka of the property. I Public Utilities Facilities and Services: Existing Conditions I All necessary utilities aze available onsite, including water service via an 8-inch line adjacent to the property. Wastewater treatment in this azea is via an existing County sewer system, which transports sewage to the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for treatment. Public Utilities: Existing Conditions, Impacts and Mitigation Measures Discussions with the Hawaii County Department of Water Supply (DWS) indicate that sufficient water commitments maybe available or obtainable for the proposed development, and that water line upgrades maybe necessary. The outcome of these issues will be determined by negotiations with DWS at the appropriate time. Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009:023 Page 14 ~ ~ The proposed development would connect to the County sewer system, pursuant to State and County regulations. The Kealakehe W WTP has sufficient capacity to treat the ' wastewater from the development. No impacts or burdens to electrical, telephone or cable television services or other I customers would be experienced as a result of the rezoning and subsequent uses. I Public Facilities and Services: Existing Conditions The Kona Fire Station is at the base of Palani Road, about one mile away. The Kona I Regional Police Station is in Kealakehe near Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, less than four miles away. Kona Hospital is located in Kealakekua, about eleven miles from the site. Kahakai Elementary is 1.5 miles to the South, and Kealakehe Intermediate School and I Kealakehe High School are both within five miles of the site. A neighborhood recreational facility is present at Hale Halawai, within walking distance. A regional park with a swimming pool, ballfields, a gymnasium and other facilities is present at Old Kona Airport. A number of beach pazks serve the North Kona azea. Public Facilities and Services: Impacts and Mitigation Measures The additional demand represented by the approximately 20 additional units that would I be allowed under the proposed rezoning would create only negligible new demands on public facilities and services, all of which could be accommodated with existing facilities. As discussed above, at the time of rezoning and subdivision, various fees and I requirements are usually imposed to account for the additional needs to provide general services to new residents. In addition, tax revenues generated by new residences increase the tax base and provide funds for roads, schools, pazks and other public facilities. I Alternatives ' The alternative to rezoning the property would be to leave the existing zoning in place. In the RM-1 district, the most likely outcome would be that 48 residential units would be built, as this was once approved under SMA Permit No. 276. This would reduce the I potential population increase as well as the degree of related adverse and beneficial impacts, such as traffic impacts and tax base increase. Findings of Environmental Impact and Conclusions No substantial adverse environmental efFects to are to be expected from the rezoning and I the expected subsequent development. Negligible short-term impacts to noise, traffic, scenic values and dust or sedimentation may occur during construction. A dust control management plan is recommended as part of construction plans. The applicant will I prepare drainage plans that will be reviewed by the County and will prevent any adverse drainage impacts. Mitigation measures will be necessary for data recovery of an I Environmental Report, TMK 7-i-009:023 Page IS i • • archaeological site. Mitigation for long-term traffic impacts, if any, will be developed during the rezoning and plan approval review process. In terms of the relationship between the short-term use of man's environment and the ' maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, no short-term exploitation of resources that would entail negative long-term consequences has been identified for the rezoning. The construction of condominium units, commercial space and infrastructure I would involve the irreversible and irretrievable commitment of some quantity of natural resources, which can be reduced through re-use and recycling after demolition. f 1 ~ Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009:023 pag i • • I REFERENCES I Gagne, W., and L. Cuddihy. 1990. "Vegetation," pp. 45-114 in W.L. Wagner, D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, eds., Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. 2 vols. I Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Giambelucca, T.W., Nullet, M.A., and T.A. Schroeder. 1986. Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii. I Honolulu: Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. Hawaii County Department of Public Works. 1970. Storm Drainage Standards. Hilo. I Hawaii County Planning Department. 1989. General Plan, County of Hawaii. Hilo. I Hawaii County Planning Department. 1994. Master Plan for Kailua-Kona. Prep. By R.M. Towill for Hawaii-County. Hilo. I Heliker, C. 1990. Volcanic and Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawaii. Washington: U.S. GPO. I PHRI. 1988a. Intensive Archaeological Survey and Limited Data Recovery. Site 50-10- 28-2005. Prep. for Libbie & Company, Inc. Hilo: PHRI. I PHRI. 1988b. Additional Analysis of Portable Remains: Site 2005. Prep. for Libbie & Company, Inc. Hilo: PHRI. PHRI.2004. Data Recovery Plan for Site 50-10-28-2005 Feature A and Associated Cultural Deposit. Prep. For Mr. Tony Nee, Hilo, PHRI. Reinecke, J.E. 1930. Survey of Hawaiian Sites: From Kailua, Kona to Kaihuipuaa, Kohala. Unpublished manuscript. Dept. of Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Honolulu. I U.S. Bureau of the Census. American Fact Finder web page. http://factfinder.census.gov/. U.S. Soil Conservation Service. 1973. Soil Survey of Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. I Washington: U.S.D.A. I I E I Environmental Report, TMK 7-5-009:023 Page 17 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION . COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT (Type or legibly print the requested information) I APPLICANT: K.P.C. Villages, LLC APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: C. l/~u 9¢69 LLC DATE: 7~- ADDRESS: c/o Tonv Nee, 655 S. Hudson Ave., Los Angeles, California 90005 I LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: I LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Tonv Nee. Precilla Nee I PHONE: (Bus.) (323)233-8888 (Res.) (Fax) (323)233-8008 LANDOWNER(S): K.P.C. Villages, LLC / I LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): ~ ~c~. DATE:7-1S"O~ (Maybe by letter) LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: c/o Tonv Nee, 655 S. Hudson, Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90005 REQUEST: Development of aresidential-commercial, multi-story building, with 68 dwelling_ units 13 000 squaze feet of retail space a recreation deck with Wool, 90 residential pazkine spaces and 45 commercial pazkinQ spaces (a change of zone application seeking V- 75 zonine is being filed concurrently with this request) TAX MAP KEY: (3) 7-5-009-023 ZONING: RM-1 SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S): 1.17 acres [51,083 squaze feet) AGENT: Sandra P Songti Esa ADDRESS:101 Aupuni Street Suite 124 Hilo Hawaii 96720, a-mail: Sandrasong(a,verizon.net TELEPHONE: (Bus.) (808)933-9212 (Res.) (Fax)(808)935-3945) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Sandra P Sony Esq. COPIES:Tonv C. Nee, K.P.C. Vi]laQes, LLC i • • I BACKGROUND INFORMATION I SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION TMK: 7-5-009-023, PUA`A, NORTHKONA, HAWAII July, 2004 I. Introduction This background information is submitted on behalf of KPC Villages, LLC, to support a special management area use permit application being submitted to the Hawaii County Planning Department. SMA Use Permit No. 276 was issued by the Hawaii County Planning Commission on December 28, 1988, for the development of a 48-unit residential project on the project site. The owner of the property is presently proposing to develop the site into a mixed use condominium commercial complex with 68 residential units in lieu of the 48 unit approved under SMA Use Permit No. 276. The project also requires rezoning of the property from RM-1 to V.75. Accordingly, a new SMA use permit application is being submitted for this project. II. Description of Proposed Project and Statement of the Objectives to Be Accomplished This SMA permit is requested for development of a 51,083-sq. ft. pazcel of land identified by TMK 7-5-009:023. The property fronts Ali'i Drive on the mauka side, at the southern end of downtown Kailua-Kona, about 3/10 of a mile south of the intersection of Ali`i Drive and Hualalai Road (Figures. 1-3). The applicant proposes development of the Ke Kai Ali'icondomimum-commercial complex. The project consists of 68 dwelling units in a multi-story building, with 13,000 square feet of retail space on the ground floor. A recreation deck with a pool are also included in the plan. 90 underground residential parking spaces and 45 ground level commercial parking spaces are provided. The project also designates a road reserve on the south side of the property for a future County road connecting Ali'i Drive with Kuakini Highway. (Figures Sa-Sh). The Property is situated within the County's Special Management Area (SMA) which was designated pursuant to Chapter 205A, HRS. According to the requirements ofRule 9 of [he Hawaii County Planning Commission, Rules of Practice and Procedure, a 'I Special Management Area Use Permit is required for the proposed use. SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-5-009-023 Page 1 i • ~ I III. Description of the Area Involved and Anticipated Impacts of the Proposed Project on the SMA I Description of the Area Involved Including Existing Uses, Structures, Vegetation and Other Features I The property is a moderately sloping vacant lot with weedy vegetation bordering Ali`i Drive in downtown Kailua-Kona. The site was formerly a historic and prehistoric house I site, poorly preserved remains of which are still present. The property is a minimum of ' 150 feet of the shoreline and ranges from 10-35 feet above mean sea level. (Figure 4). I Description of Surrounding Area and Lund Uses. I The property is bordered by other vacant property to the south and east, by a multi-story commercial complex to the north, and by Ali`i Drive to the west (mauka), across which lies commercial development. In general, the surrounding area supports resort-oriented I commercial and residential development and is designated for such use. Description of How the Proposed Project Will Affect the Area Involved and Surrounding I Area. Soil Erosion and Agricultural Quality The slope on the property is slight to moderate. Annual rainfall is approximately 40 inches (Giambelluca et al 1986). Soil in this area is classified as Punalu`u extremely rocky peat, which is a thin layer of soil that builds up over pahoehoe soil. It has rapid permeability, slow runoff, and slight erosion hazard. Its capability subclass is VIIs, meaning that it has severe limitations that make it unsuitable for cultivation and limit its uses largely to pasture and range, woodland or wildlife (USDA 1973:55). Flora and Fauna I Based on rainfall and geologic substrate, the original vegetation of the general area was probably Coastal Dry/Mesic Forest, per Gagne and Cuddihy (1990), consisting of an open canopy forest of various trees, shrubs, herbs, vines and ferns. The general landscape of the Kailua-Kona azea has been radically altered by centuries of settlements, over a century of grazing, and particulazly by the development of the hotels, I condominiums, resort homes and associated infrastructure and commercial activity since 1960. The vegetation has also been fundamentally altered by fire as well as ungulate grazing and browsing. Alien plants have infested to the point that in many locations native species are few to none. The aliens kiawe (Prosopis pallida) and koa haole (Leucaena leucocephala) long ago became dominant in the coastal dry forest. On this property, as is typical of the region, the vegetation on the site is almost completely alien. In fact, only one common indigenous plant, `uhaloa (Waltheria indica), was found on the property. Typical plant species found during the survey aze listed in Table 1. Table 1 I SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-5-009-023 Page 2 i w • T ical Plant S ecies on Site Scientific Name Famil Common Name Life Form Status I Abutilon andifolium Malvaceae Ha' abutilon Herb A As stasia an erica Acanthaceae Chinese violet Herb A Cascabela thevetia A oc ceae Yellow oleander Tree A Clusia rosea Clusiaceae Auto a 6 tree Tree A Coccinea andis Cucurbitatceae I ourd Vine A Desmanthus vir alas Fabaceae Slender mimosa Shrub A I omoea triloba Convolwlaceae Little bell Vine A Leucaenaleucoc hala Fabaceae Haole koa Tree A Malvastrum coromandelianum Malvaceae False mallow Herb A Panicum maximum Poaceae Guinea ass Grass A Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Pi weed Herb A Proso is allida Fabaceae Kiawe Tree A Ricinus communis Eu horbiaceae Castor bean Shrub A Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae i.Jhaloa Herb I Wedelia tdloba[a Asteraceae Wedelia Vine A * A = alien, E = endemic, I =indigenous No systematic faunal survey of the property was conducted. The alien vegetation and urban environs provide habitat for a number of alien bird species such as Yellow-Billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japoncius), and Northern Cazdinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus), feral cats (Fells talus), rats (Rattus spp.) and mice (Mus musculus domesticus) undoubtedly inhabit or use the property. Cats and mongooses were seen during the reconnaissance. It is highly unlikely that any native forest birds, seabirds or migratory birds (especially those with threatened or endangered status) would find the site suitable habitat or be affected by activities that occur on the parcel. The two Hawaiian raptors, the Hawaiian Hawk or `Io (Buteo solitarius), and the Hawaiian Owl or Pueo (Asio~lammeus sandwichensis), possibly make some use of the area. Although the Hawaiian Hawk is an endangered species, the subject property consists of a low forest of alien trees and would not be considered part of its essential habitat. The only native Hawaiian land mammal, the endangered Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus), may also be present in the azea, as it is has been observed in many areas on the island of Hawaii, including isolated sites of disturbed vegetation on Ali`i Drive. Systematic searches for bats aze difficult to accomplish. As there were no reports of bat roosts, no seazches have been undertaken for the property, and there is therefore no conclusive evidence for an absence of bats. As with the hawk, however, the alien vegetation and urban, disturbed surroundings of the project area would not be expected to represent essential habitat for this species. SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-5-009-023 Page 3 ~ ~ I Historic Sites I An archaeological survey of the property was conducted by PHRI in 1987-1988 followed by a more intensive analysis of one of the features in 1988. (Appendix I and 2) I In the first report (PHRI 1988a), archaeologists determined that one archaeological site (Site 50-10-28-2005) was present. This site was first identified in the 1930s during an I archaeological survey of the coast (Reinecke 1930). It is interpreted as a dwelling compound, consisting of a lazge stone-walled enclosure with a platform and a small enclosure. The site corresponds to Land Commission Awazd 4140 to Kamanawa, and I represents a pahale or house site, appazently one of several that Kamanawa and her sister Kaikainali`i inherited from their father Manuhoa II. The azchaeological survey involved systematic examination of Site 2005. Th.e various features associated with Site 2005 were determined to be significant for information content only, with the possible exception of Feature A, a platform that measures about 45 by 35 feet. This feature contained a variety of artifacts from various pre-Contact and post-Contact periods that cleazly indicated its I long-term use as a habitation. The survey discussed three treatment options for this feature, including continued preservation, intensive data recovery excavations, and a combination of the two. The survey also recommended archaeological monitoring during I any grubbing or grading on the property, incase previously unidentified surface structural remains, subsurface cultural features or deposits of significance are encountered. I The report and its significance recommendations were submitted to the Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) Historic Sites Section in 1988. In a I letter of August 9, 1988, DLNR Director William Paty stated that although the survey was adequate, Feature A required more intensive data recovery and/or preservation. They recommended that a condition to the SMA require a supplemental azchaeological report if Feature A were preserved or a data recovery report if the data recovery option was taken. In either case, the report would require approval from DLNR. I The second report (PHRI 1988b) documented the data recovery in the form of excavated pits, midden analysis, and artifact dating that determined dates and functions from Feature A. It concluded that Feature A was almost certainly a house site, and that it was initially occupied during the late prehistoric period. The limited range of the artifacts was interpreted to indicate limited occupation. The report was reviewed by DLNR, which recommended in a letter of August 9, 1988, that the SMA contain a condition requiring either preservation of Feature A or additional minor archaeological investigation. The Planning Deparhment recommended preservation of Feature A in a letter to then-owner Libbie Kaznisugi. In light of this, and in receipt of some minor report revisions, and Ralston Nagata, State Historic Preservation Officer of DLNR, gave final approval to the archaeological survey by letter on Mazch 8, 1989. (See levers, Appendix 4) SMA Background Information, TMK.• 7- ti-009-023 Page 4 i • • I The current owner of the property has decided to perform additional data recovery on Feature A in lieu of preservation, and a data recovery plan for Site 50-10-28-2005 was I prepazed in 2004 for Feature A and the associated cultural deposit (PRAT 2004). (Appendix 3). By letter dated June 23, 2004, DLNR approved the proposed data recovery plan for the site. (Appendix 4). I Valued Natural. Cultural and Historical Resources No valued cultural, historical or natural resources appeaz to exist on the subject property ' and no gathering is known to be occurring. To the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights are exercised, the proposed action will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights, therefore no action is necessary to protect those rights. Geological Hazazd The entire Big Island is subject to geologic hazazds, especially lava flows and earthquakes. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) classifies all of Kailua-Kona, which is on the slopes of the dormant volcano Hualalai, as Lava Flow Hazazd Zone 4, on a scale of ascending risk 9 to 1. Less than 15 percent of the ground surface within Zone 4 has been covered by lava within the last 750 years. The entire island of Hawaii is in Zone 4 on a scale of ascending risk 1 to 4 in the Seismic Probability Rating. Major damage corresponding to a score of 7 or above on the Modified Mercalli Scale is possible. i Drainage, Water Ouality and Floodplains No permanent or intermittent streams appeaz on maps of the property, and no evidence of watercourses or gullies was present in the reconnaissance. The Flood Insurance Rate Maps for the area classify the entire parcel as Zone X, defined as azeas identified in the community flood insurance study with moderate or minimal hazazd from the principal source of flood in the azea. No water bodies such as wetlands or anchialine ponds aze present. Land Use Designations and Controls The parcel is currently zoned RM-1, and the applicants aze seeking a change of zone to V-.75. The property is classified in the State Land Use Urban District, and is designated in the Master Plan for Kailua-Kona as ResorUCommercial Mixed Use (Hawai`i County Planning Dept. 1994: p.3-13). The property is designated in the currently adopted (1989) Hawaii County General Plan as Medium Density Urban Expansion Zoning, State Land Use districts, Master Plan for Kailua-Kona and Hawaii County General Plan designations for surrounding land is similaz. SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-5-009-023 Page S ~ • • Utilities and Public Services I Discussions with the Hawaii County Department of Water Supply (DWS) indicate that sufficient water commitments maybe available or obtainable for the proposed I development, and that water line upgrades may be necessary. The outcome of these issues will be determined by negotiations with DWS at the appropriate time. I The proposed development would connect to the County sewer system, pursuant to State and County regulations. The Kealakehe WWTP has sufficient capacity to treat the wastewater from the development. No impacts or burdens to electrical, telephone or cable television services or other customers would be experienced as a result of the rezoning and subsequent uses. Noise On-site noise is generated by neazby commercial activities and roads, and is typical of urban settings. Scenic Value Existing weedy vegetation on this property and the properties between it and Kuakini Highway almost completely blocks views of and through the parcel from Kuakini Highway and Ali`i Drive. The commercial complex to the north blocks views of the pazcel from that direction. Existing weedy vegetation on the property to the south also blocks views of the parcel from further south. The property has little if any scenic value in and of itself (see Figs. 3a-c). Several views in the Kailua Bay azea aze specifically cited in the 1989 Hawaii County General Plan Support Document (and/or the current proposed revision) as examples of natural beauty to be preserved for future generations: View TMK Ahupua`a Kailua Bay Area 7-5-04:52 Lanihau 7-5-05:23, 24, 32 White Sand Beach 7-5-05:7 Keahuolu Viewplane along Queen Various Various Ka`ahumanu Highway going mauka and makai TMK 7-5-04:52 is a property on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway that is not visible from the subject property. TMKs 7-5-05: 7, 23, 24 and 32 aze located on the north side of Kailua Bay, around Kukailimoku Point, and aze not visible from the subject property. There aze no views of the subject property (or the coast in front of it) from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. SMA Background Information, TMK.• 7-5-009-023 Page 6 i • • IV. Description of Impacts Which Cannot Be Avoided and Mitigation Measures Proposed to Minimize that Impact I Many of the potentially adverse impacts described in the previous sections are minor and do not require any formal mitigation. In order to reduce the potential for erosion, polluted runoff, and offsite transport of sediment or dust, an erosion control plan and a dust control management plan will be developed and implemented as part of construction plans. I To reduce the risk of casualties and damages from earthquake, all structures will be built to the current UBC seismic safety design standards. To avoid wastewater impacts to water quality, the project will connect to the County sewer system. I Impacts to historic sites will be mitigated through data recovery of Feature A. Archaeological monitoring will also occur during construction. I V. Description of Alternatives to the Proposed Project The alternative to the proposed project would be to leave the existing RM-1 zoning and I SMA Use permit in place. The most likely outcome would be that 48 residential units would be built, as authorized under SMA Permit No. 276. This would minimally reduce the potential population increase. It would also somewhat reduce the degree of related adverse and beneficial impacts, such as traffic impacts and tax base increase. VI. Description of Any Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments of Resources I Very little irreversible or irretrievable commitment of resources is involved in this project. No valuable agricultural land, significant historic sites, exceptional trees, I valuable water resources, native ecosystems, scenic viewplanes or other valuable resources will be destroyed or damaged as a result of the activities. The proposed action will use raw materials from Hawaii and elsewhere during building. Many of these materials can be easily recycled and put to use in other ways than originally intended. The use of minor amounts of electrical and diesel power during construction is also an irretrievable commitment of resources. SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-5-009-023 Page ~ i • • I VII. Statement Discussing the Proposed Development in Relationship to the Objectives and Policies as Contained in Chapter 205a, HRS, and the SMA I Guidelines 1. Recreational Resources 2. Historic Resowces 3. Scenic and Open Space Resowces 4. Coastal Ecosystems 5. Economic Uses 6. Coastal Hazards I 7. Beach Protection 8. Coastal Zone Management Consistency Review Chapter 205, HRS, provides objectives and policies to guide the use and protection of coastal resources. The following is a list of objectives and selected policies for each resource along with a discussion of the consistency of the project in each category: Recreational Resources Objective: o Provide coastal recreational opportunities to the public. Policies: o Provide adequate, accessible, and diverse recreational opportunities in the coastal zone management area Discussion: The CZM recreational resources objectives and policies aze focused on government responsibilities to provide coordination and funding for coastal recreational opportunities and to provide accessible and diverse recreational opportunities in the coastal zone management area. There are no resowces associated with the property that would provide unique coastal recreational opportunities. Therefore, the proposed development is not inconsistent with the recreational resources objectives and polices of the CZM program. Historic and Archaeological Resources Objective: o Protect, preserve, and enhance the historic and prehistoric sites and natwal resource significant in Hawaiian history. Policies: o Identify and analyze significant azchaeological resowces. o Maximize information retention. o Support State goals for protection, restoration, interpretation, and display of historic resowces. Discussion: The CZM historic resowces objectives and policies provide for the protection of significant azchaeological and historic resowces through the preservation or through information retention. An azchaeological report was prepazed for the property, which SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-.5-009-023 Page 8 i ~ • inventoried resources, collected data, and proposed data recovery or preservation of one feature of the azchaeological site. The report was reviewed by DLNR, which recommended in a letter of August 9, 1988, that the SMA contain a condition requiring either preservation of Feature A or additional minor archaeological investigation. A final report was approved by the DLNR, under condition of minor revisions, on December 16, 1988. The Planning Department recommended preservation of Feature A in a letter to then-owner Libbie Kamisugi. In light of this, and in ' receipt of some minor report revisions, and Ralston Nagata, State Historic Preservation Officer of DLNR, gave final approval to the archaeological survey by letter on March 8, 1989. The current owner of the property has decided to perform additional data recovery on Feature A in lieu of preservation, and by letter dated June 23, 2004, DLNR approved the proposed data recovery plan for the site. i Scenic and Open Space Resources i Objective: o Protect and preserve the quality of coastal scenic and open space resources. Policies: o Identify valued scenic resources in the coastal zone management area. o Ensure that new developments aze compatible with their visual environment. o Preserve, maintain, and where desirable, improve and restore shoreline open space and scenic resources. o Increase public pedestrian access opportunities to scenic places and vistas. o Access easement to public or private lands which have natural or scenic value shall be provided or acquired for the public. Discussion: The proposed development is unlikely to adversely affect recognized scenic views. However, as with all coastal development, some private properties mauka of the subject property may have their coastal views diminished. This is particularly true for existing or future single-story buildings that would lie mauka of the proposed multi-story buildings, which would have a maximum roof height of 45 feet. However, all property mauka of the subject property as faz as Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway is designated for Medium Density Urban Expansion in the current and proposed Genera] Plan, and is likely to be multistory. As shown in Figure 1, the slope behind the subject property is consistently steep, and properties mauka aze SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-5-009-023 Page 9 still likely to retain the potential for good ocean views, although some view blocking is inevitable. No designated scenic views will be affected, and no other common public views of the ocean will be affected in any way. Coastal Ecosystems Objective: o Protect valuable coastal ecosystems from disruption and ' minimize adverse impacts on all coastal ecosystems. Policies: o Improve the technical basis for natural resource management o Preserve valuable coastal ecosystems of significant i biological or economic importance I o Minimize disruption or degradation of coastal water ecosystems by effective regulation of stream diversions, channelization, and similar land water uses, recognizing competing water needs o Promote water quantity and quality planning and management practices which reflect the tolerance of fresh water and marine ecosystems and prohibit land and water uses which violate state water quality standards. Discussion: These coastal ecosystem objectives and policies call for the protection of valuable coastal ecosystems from disruption and to minimize adverse effects. The project area does not support coastal ecosystems or flora and fauna, and the project will not have any direct impact on coastal ecosystems. No stream diversion, channelization, wetland alteration, or similar effects will occur. The applicant will comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to environmental protection, including clean water, air quality, flood control, and wastewater disposal. Erosion and sediment control plans that will minimize polluted runoff will be developed, reviewed and approved by the County, and implemented. Therefore, the proposed development is not inconsistent with the Coastal Ecosystems objectives and policies of the CZM Program. SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-5-009-023 Page 10 Economic Uses Objective: o Provide public or private facilities and improvements important to the State's economy in suitable locations. Policies: o Concentrate coastal dependent development necessary to the State's economy in appropriate places. Discussion: These economic uses objectives and policies are intended to ensure that coastal dependent developments aze appropriately planned and ~ developed. The proposed development is coastal resort-based and in conformance with State and County plans, and is therefore consistent with the Economic Uses objectives and policies of the CZM Program. Coastal Hazards Objective: o Reduce Hazazds to life and property from tsunami, storm wave, stream flooding, and erosion. Policies: o Control development in areas subject to coastal hazazds. i o Ensure that developments comply with the requirements of the Federal Flood Insurance Program. o Prevent coastal flooding from inland projects. Discussion: The coastal hazard objectives and policies aze intended to minimize impacts to life and property along the shoreline. The project area is not within a coastal Special Flood Hazard Area as defined in the National Flood Insurance Program. The property does not appeaz prone to flooding or likely to produce large quantities ofrunoffonto adjacent areas in its current state. For any property undergoing intensification of use, flooding can be generated onsite because of an increase in runoff potential I from rain falling on more impermeable surfaces. Mitigation for such impacts may consist of gutters, storm drains, drywells or other structures to ensure that all runoff is contained onsite. The applicant will develop a drainage plan that will be reviewed by the County of Hawaii Department of Public Works, which will advise the County of any necessary drainage improvements during the ~ rezoning and plan approval processes. Based on expected mitigation measures, no net impact to the applicant's or any neighboring properties is expected to result from the proposed project. The applicant will comply with all drainage mitigation conditions required by the County. All Federal, State and County regulations and programs regarding drainage, including the Federal Flood Insurance Program, will be complied with during project ~ development to minimize any potential coastal flooding from SMA Background Information, TMK.• 7-5-009-023 Page II i • • inland projects. Therefore, the proposed development is not inconsistent with the Coastal Hazazds objectives and policies of the CZM Program. Managing Development Objective: o Improve the development review process, communication, and public participation in the management of coastal resources and hazazds. ~ Policies: o Use, implement, and enforce existing law effectively to the maximum extent possible in managing present and future coastal zone development;. o Facilitate timely processing of applications for i development permits and resolve overlapping or conflicting permit requirements; and o Communicate the potential short and long--term impacts of proposed significant coastal developments eazly in their life-cycle and in terms understandable to the public to facilitate public participation in the planning and review process. Discussion: The objectives and policies relating to managing development apply to government agencies mandated with implementing the CZM program and do not apply to individual projects. County review of the SMA permit satisfies the Managing Development objectives and policies of the CZM Program. Public Participation Objective: o Stimulate public awazeness, education, and participation in coastal management. Policies: o Maintain a public advisory body to identify coastal management problems and to provide policy advice and assistance to the coastal zone management program;. o Disseminate information on coastal management issues by means of educational materials, published reports, staff contact, and public workshops for persons and organizations concerned with coastal-related issues, developments, and government activities; and o Organize workshops, policy dialogues, and site-specific mediations to respond to coastal issues and conflicts. Discussion: As part of the County's responsibility to manage development, surrounding property owners within 300 feet of the perimeter of the property will be notified, per Zoning Code and Planning Commission Rule No. 9 (Special Management Area) public SMA Background Information, TMK: 7-~ -009-023 Page 12 i • • I hearing notification requirements. The applicant is required to serve a First Notice to the surrounding property owners of the I proposed development at the time the Special Management Area Use Permit Application is submitted to the Planning Director. The First Notice informs the surrounding property owners the I opportunity to participate in the evaluation of the Applicant's request in the Special Management Area Use Permit Application. The public participation process also includes the contested case I Hearing process. As such, public participation begins as soon as the application is submitted to the Planning Department. The I public is able to submit their comments, provide information to the Planning Director, prior to the scheduling of the Special Management Area Use Permit Application for a public hearing. I This initial and the subsequent public hearing process improves the development review process, communication, and public participation in the management of coastal resources and hazazds. I The Planning Commission public hearing and if required, the contested case process, provides the vehicle for stimulating public awareness, education of this process and more importantly I participation in the coastal management decision making. Therefore, the proposed development is not inconsistent with the Public Participation objectives and policies of the CZM Program. Beach Protection Objective: o Protect beaches for public use and recreation. Policies: o Locate new structures inland from the shoreline setback to conserve open space and to minimize loss of improvements due to erosion; o Prohibit construction of private erosion-protection structures seawazd of the shoreline, except when they result in improved aesthetic and engineering solutions to erosion at the sites and do not interfere with existing recreational and waterline activities; and o Minimize the construction of public erosion-protection structures seawazd of the shoreline. Discussion: The property is a minimum of 150 feet mauka of the shoreline and there aze several properties between it and the shoreline. The project does not involve and would not impact on any beaches or erosion prone azeas. Therefore, the proposed development is not inconsistent with the Beach Protection objectives and policies of the CZM Program. SMA Background Information, TMK.• 7-5-009-023 Page 13 I i • • I Marine Resources I Objective: o Implement the State's ocean resources management plan. Policies: o Exercise and overall conservation ethic, and practice stewazdship in the protection, use, and development of I marine and coastal resources; o Assure that the use and development of marine and coastal resources are ecologically and environmentally sound and economically beneficial; o Coordinate the management of marine and coastal resources and activities management to improve effectiveness and efficiency; o Assert and articulate the interests of the State as a partner with federal agencies in the sound management of ocean resources within the United States exclusive economic zone; o Promote research, study, and understanding of ocean processes, marine life, and other ocean resources in order to acquire and inventory information necessary to understand how ocean development activities relate to and impact upon ocean and coastal resources; and o Encourage research and development of new, innovative technologies for exploring, using, or protecting marine and coastal resources. Discussion: The objectives and policies relating to marine resources apply to government agencies mandated with implementing the CZM program and do not apply to individual projects. Therefore, the proposed development is not inconsistent with the Marine Resources objectives and policies of the CZM Program. SMA Background Injormation, TMK: 7-5-009-023 Page 14 REFERENCES Gagne, W., and L. Cuddihy. 1990. "Vegetation," pp. 45-114 in W.L. Wagner, D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer, eds., Manual of the Flowering Plants ofHawaii. 2 vols. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Giambelucca, T.W., Nullet, M.A., and T.A. Schroeder. 1986. Rainfall Atlas ofHawaii. Honolulu: Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. Hawaii County Department of Public Works. 1970. Storm Drainage Standards. Hilo. Hawaii County Planning Department. 1989. General Plan, County ofHawaii. Hilo. Hawai `i County Planning Departrnent. 1994. Master Plan for Kailua-Kona. Prep. By R.M. Towill for Hawaii County. Hilo. Heliker, C. 1990. Volcanic and Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawaii. Washington: U.S. GPO. PHRI. 1988a. Intensive Archaeological Survey and Limited Data Recovery. Site 50-10- 28-2005. Prep. for Libbie & Company, lnc. Hilo: PHRI. PHRI. 1988b. Additional Analysis of Portable Remains: Site 2005. Prep. for Libbie & Company, Inc. Hilo: PHRI. PHRI. 2004. Data Recovery Plan for Site 50-10-28-2005 Feature A and Associated Cultural Deposit. Prep. for Mr. Tony Nee, Hilo, PHRI. Reinecke, J.E. 1930. Survey of Hawaiian Sites: From Kailua, Kona to Kaihuipuaa, Kohala. Unpublished manuscript. Dept. of Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Honolulu. U.S. Bureau of the Census. American Fact Finder web page. http://factfinder.census.gov/. U.S. Soil Conservation Service. 1973. Soil Survey oflsland ofHawaii, State ofHawaii. Washington: U.S.D.A. 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Consuding Arohoeo/ogist tv Rapore 383-041388 0cs % . ..ti INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY:; AND LIMITED DATA RECOVERY ~a'~~ SITE 50-10-28-2005 ~,r~,. Land of Puaa 1st North Kona District, Island of Hawaii Ap rf I 1988 305 Mohoull Street • Hilo, Hawaii 98720 (808) 989-1763 or 966-8038 •AUL H. ROSENDAHL, Ph.D., Inc. • Consulting A~choeologist Report 383-041388 INTENSIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIIRVEY AND LIMITED DATA RECOVERY SITE 50-10-28-2005 Land of Puaa 1st North Rona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK: 7-5-09:23) By Margaret L.K. Rosendahl, B.A., S.O.P.A. Supervisory Archaeologist Prepared for Ms. Libbie Kamisugi Libbie ~ Company, Inc. 1060 Young Street, Suite 210 Honolulu, Hawaii 9681k April 1988 • 383-031388 ii SIIMMARY Intensive archaeological survey and limited data recovery at Site 50-10-28-2005* was conducted by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PHRI) between December 16-18, 1987 for Libbie & Company, Inc. The basic objective of the archaeological work was to provide information appropriate to and sufficient for satisfying data collection requirements recommended by the Department of Land and Natural Resources--Historic Sites Section (DLNR-HSS). Site 2005, comprised of 1.35-ac located in the Land of Puaa 1st, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:7-5-09:23), is described as a "Dwelling Compound" consisting of a large stone-walled enclosure with a platform and a small enclosure (Hawaii Register of Historic Places [HRHP] Site Form--Site 2005, additional notes). During the present work, Site 2005 was recorded and mapped, and six test units totaling 2.97 sq m were excavated at the site. The excavations yielded shell midden, indigenous artifacts, and historic artifacts. The main focus of the excavations was to recover data from the platform identified as "Auhaukeae Platform" on the HRHP Site Form. Auhaukeae Platform had been initially described as associated with historic period use of the property. During the present work, a cultural deposit was found beneath the platform. Indigenous artifacts and hydration-rind dating results from the platform indicate the platform was initially occupied in the mid-1600s. Another major feature (Feature B) at Site 2005 appears to be associated with ranching. Site 2005 is determined to be important for information content only. Features B, C, and D of Site 2005 have undergone sufficient data collection and require no further work. Feature A requires further data collection and/or preservation, depending on further development plans. *Hawaii Register of Historic Places (HRHP) site designation system: all four-digit site numbers prefixed by 50-10-28- (50=State of Hawaii, 10=Island of Hawaii, 28=USG5 7.5' series map ("Kailua, Hawaii"]). 383-041388 iii CONTENTS Page INTRODDCTION 1 Background 1 Scope of Work 1 Project Area Description 2 Previous Archaeological Work 2 Field Methods and Procedures 7 FINDINGS 9 Site 2005 Description 9 Limited Data Recovery Excavations 15 DATA ANALYSES 19 Age Determinations 19 Portable Artifacts 19 Midden 24 CONCLIISION 26 Discussion 26 Evaluations and Recommendations 27 Scope of Work for Further Archaeological Data Recovery Excavations 29 REFERENCES CITED 30 ILLIISTRATIDNS Figure 1 Project Location Map 3 2 Project Area Location Map and Site 2005 4 3 Site 2005, Feature A (Photograph) 11 • 383-041388 iv ILLIISTRATIONS (CONT.) Figure Page 4 Site 2005, Features A and C with Cross Section 12 5 Site 2005, Feature B (Photograph) 13 6 Site 2005, Feature B with Cross Section 14 7 Site 2005, Feature A, TU-1, West Face (Photograph) 16 TABLES Table 1 Summary of Identified Features 10 2 Summary of Hydration-Rind Age Determinations 20 3 Detailed Distribution of Portable Artifacts 21 4 Qualitative Distribution of Midden Remains 25 383-041388 1 INTRODIICTION BACHGROOlID At the request of Ms. Libbie Kamisugi of Libbie & Company, Inc., Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PHRI) conducted intensive archaeological survey and limited data recovery at Site SO-10-28-2005, situated in Kailua, Land of Puaa 1st, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK:7-5-09:23). Approximately 44 man-hours of labor were expended in conducting the field work. Upon completion of the field work, findings and preliminary conclusions--including tentative evaluations and recommendations--were discussed with Dr. Ross Cordy, chief archaeologist in the Department of Land and Natural Resources-Historic Sites Section (DLNR-HSS), and with Ms. Connie Kiriu, staff planner in the Hawaii County Planning Department (HCPD). Dr. Cordy and Ms. Kiriu will formally review project findings upon submission of this final report. SCOPE OF WORK The basic objective of the intensive survey and limited data recovery work was to collect data sufficient (a) to both determine and document as fully as possible the significance of the specific archaeological resources, and (b) to define as specifically as possible the scope and scale of any subsequent mitigation measures (e.g., data recovery excavations, interpretive development, and/or preservation) that might be necessary or appropriate. Generally, this objective contrasts with that of a reconnaissance survey, the basic objective of which is the initial identification and preliminary significance evaluation of archaeological resources. Based on correspondence from DLNR*, and based on discussion with Dr. Ross Cordy of DLNR-HS S, the following tasks were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the survey and limited data recovery work: 1. Surface survey of the previously identified Site 2005. This was to include appropriate detailed recording (written des- criptions, measurements, scaled plan maps, photographs, and surface midden and artifact collections, including dating samples); 2. Limited data recovery excavations at Site 2005, in order to recover a representative sample of subsurface remains; *Letter of September 21, 1987, from Ralston Nagata, DLNR, to Ms. Libbie Kamisugi, Libbie & Company, Inc. 383-041388 2 3. Reconnaissance survey of the portion of the project area situated inland of Site 2005, in order to determine the presence or absence of previously unidentified resources, and to collect information from any identified sites sufficient to make preliminary significance evaluations; 4. Laboratory analyses of data recovered during the survey and excavations; and 5. Analyze field and laboratory data, and prepare appropriate reports. PROJECT' AREA DESCRIPTION The project area comprises 1.35 acres situated in the Land of Puaa 1st, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (Figures 1 and 2). The parcel is c. 200 ft inland of a rocky coastline and southeast of Oneo Bay. Kailua town is located c. 0.5 miles north of the parcel. The parcel is bounded to the west by Al ii Drive, and on the remaining three sides by undeveloped parcels. The project area is rectangular and measures c. 315 ft (N-S) by a maximum of 175 ft (E-W). The topography of the project area is fairly level, and rises northwest to southeast from 10 ft above mean sea level (AMSL) to c. 35 ft AMSL. The terrain of the project area is characterized by low pahoehoe outcrops dating to the prehistoric period (Stearns and MacDonald 1946). Soil covers 25~ to 40% of the project area, and is described as Punaluu extremely rocky peat, with 6~ to 20% slopes and 40% to SOZ surface rock cover (Sato et al. 1973:48, Sheet 85). Vegetation in the project area is generally comprised of dense thick grass (1-3 ft high), and scattered large kiawe (Prosopis pallida [Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.] HBK) and koa-haole (Leucaena lg auca [L.] Benth.). Koa-haole and grass is thickest in the southeast quadrant of the project area. Average rainfall in the general vicinity of the project area is 10 to 20 inches per year (Armstrong 1973:56). PREVIOUS ARC9AEOLOGICAL WOR& Site 2005 was initially identified and recorded by J.E. Reinecke as "Site 71. A large, modem house platform" during his coastal survey for Bishop Museum in 1930 (Reinecke Ms.). Subsequently, as part of the 1970 Statewide Inventory of Historic Sites, the site was recorded by staff members of the DLNR-HSS. The DLNR-HSS Hawaii Register of Historic Places (HRHP) site record form provides the following information on the site: 383-041388 3 w~'.~M Ma.i1 a_ M.~.e.. • ' ~OL ~ f. ~i • Ku4umwd. I~.W b~ y': yl aPaiaru La~ 7 ,:f~~ I IrA ~ ~1. ~ . He..a4.• P...n.. s y Wiln•o ~ - Nab ~ ~ I I ~ ~ 4~ I~upalv.ho. 20~N a F' ~ , ~ _ . "j` 'r ~Q MAVI~~KC~pi. /~1 .~a noma• < M O dY~ ~ Iw~lkeu la ~:~4 y1 r\~.^V~~1.u Y.. NTb 1ia a F 1 ~ Y `~~aGa t~ 1111 Nana[ n. MAU A~~ A LEA i~ H . PROJECT ~ t~ ar, r'r`~~'. LOCATION K~...,,.' ~ ~ 1 ,a,~:n~ z GPwn C.ek r 'L Pnnna A1.fMMU. Gsy N P °P° • - ~ I O.nLem' z . ~ RnMtl Kmwn Y.. R ~ p 1 i_':.. ' l ' ~ p r." •e ! T 0 ~~Pih.6 ~ u M~LIO ~ 1 i • ~ l' ~ / C awlann. ~ A N..I.h. i / I ' G O 5 IOM11.. A SeuN rblrK (naiad p Figure 1. PROJECT LOCATION HAP Intensive Archaeological Survey and Limited Data Recovery Site 50-10-28-2005 Land of Puaa 1st North Kona District, Island of Hawaii PHRI Project 87-383 December 1987 383-041388 4 'd e "~K ~ I Y ] L I! ~ j~~: I ~.~99 _ ; j: 9 ' J 4 •IO~BYj I i. ifl c ~ ' b~arf: ]il i a ef, / / ° I R~j~F} ' ~ e 3~;e.; sY , e I a~f:°v " LL I r~~1y1F ] f h I n' I~YY ~e j Q ~ ~ N v. - I W l~Il~i Jl W G ' ~ b0 1 ? ~ ' I 1 ti O 1,0 7 $ e e} Q o e 3; p f e me ~ - i~,ri - ^'n < ~I; a 1 ~ bf].Y QI / + " 1j O J „d 1~/ ~ Y F ^I•~~ 2 U Q S I _ p •i I~ ~ f f V ~ " e " ~ W ] OC ` , I • • e \ ~ LL • Q ' ~ ~ W ..V/ ~ f ~9 r. ~ II °1 ~ / E _ .E ~,4 ~ a / W 1 ~ OI 5 m I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~l I e ~ "91 ~ ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~i /1 /~'~ti-, '/J ~3a~ ^a ~i' 1 ICY V 383-041388 S This platform [Auhaukeae Platform] is located just inland of Huggo's restaurant, on the south side of Kailua, and on the eastern side of Alii Drive. The platform is within a large enclosure, possibly of modern construction. It is 8 by 10 meters in size and about .25 meters high. Its overall shape is rectangular, and it has a small "C" shaped structure on top on its seaward side. The edge is faced with stone, while the interior is filled with rubble, dressed on top with smooth and branch coral, and perhaps sand. A large amount of surface midden was present, including shells, and historic debris. Bottle glass scrapers were found, as were bits of ceramics. On Platform 2 were found two cut shell fishhook blanks of rectangular shape (HRHP Site Form 2005). A subsequent review of site information by Dr. Ross Cordy in 1987 resulted in updates to the site form. The site is presently recorded as situated in the Land of Puaa 1st rather than Auhaukeae, and is now identified as a "Dwelling Compound" comprised of a large, stone-walled enclosure with platform and small enclosure (HRHP Site Form 2005, additional notes). The HRHP site form indicates the site correlates with Land Commission Award (LCA) 4140 to Kamanawa (HRHP Site Form 2005, additional notes). According to Barrere (1986), Kamanawa and her sister Kaikainali'i "inherited several pieces of land in Kona and elsewhere from their father Manuhoa II, a uterine brother of Kame'eiamoku, one of Kamehameha's most prominent warrior chiefs and councilors" (1986:237). Described as a ap hale (house lot), the property was surveyed by J. Fuller on September 21, 1854. The survey information indicates the area was at that time bounded by Auhaukeae (ahupuaa) to the north, konohiki land to the east, ala (path/road) to the south, and ala nui (main road/path) to the west (HRHP Site Form 2005, additional notes). The project area was also surveyed in 1979, by Soehren (manuscript unavailable through DLNR-HSS), and in 1980 by Hammatt (Hammatt 1987; also unavailable. The most recent archeological work in the project area was by Soehren, who in preparation for topographic mapping by Donald C. McIntosh, inspected the project area and flagged its corners (Soehren 1987). Archaeological work in parcels adjacent to the project area includes a study by Allen-Wheeler (1981). The Allea-Wheeler study was conducted within the makai portion of the Land of Hienaloli 6th, in the former site of the Kona Sunset Motel. During the study, two walls and one modified outcrop were located and described. Extensive land modification and hotel construction in the area since the study have most likely destroyed those features. Dther studies in parcels adjacent to the project area include a reconnaissance survey (Sinoto 1980) and subsequent intensive survey and 383-041388 6 excavations (Allen 1986) conducted on a 49,933 sq ft coastal parcel located north of the project area, in the Lands of Hienaloli 6th and Auhaukeae 1st. The Allen study includes thorough background research on the contact period, a section on previous archaeological work, and describes the overall setting of the parcel (1986). During the Allen study, 25 features were recorded--two walls; two enclosures, one built on an outcrop; two 9.0 by 9.0 m low platforms; eight small high platforms with modified outcrops; one cairn with an outcrop; one platform with a distinct, unpaved, modified outcrop segment; four modified outcrops; one concrete cistern; one large soil area which included a modified outcrop; two depressions; and one dense midden concentration" (Allen 1986:23). The results of the Allen study indicated the parcel was occupied by AD 1650. The low midden frequencies at the features indicated the parcel early on was used casually, perhaps for activities such as fishing and shellfish-collecting (Allen 1986:206). According to Allen, "two peak periods of post-Contact activity are reflected by midden and artifact concentrations: an earlier period from about AD 1810 to 1850, and a later period from ca. AD 1890, when A'alona purchased the first of the two properties, to around 1935" (1986:206). As evidenced by the presence of historic artifacts and midden, the makai (seaward) portion of the property was used extensively during the early historic period, (Allen 1986:206). Later, as suggested by the historic artifact assemblage, the parcel was utilized in Kailua's export-import market trade. The artifacts also reflected the parcel was utilized by high status occupants (Allen 1986:207). The makai area was used for living and work activities while the mauka (inland) portion was primarily for trash disposal. Allen suggests that perhaps during the 1870s-1880s, several agricultural features were constructed in the mauka area (1986:208). Changes to the property associated with the later period include the construction of a cross wall and the adaptation of preexisting features for a modern frame house (Allen 1986:209). Recently, Hammatt and Borthwick (1987) conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of a five-acre parcel (TMK:7-5-9:25,28,43) situated north of the project area, in the Land of Auhaukeae. Hammatt and Borthwick summarize their findings as follows: ...Ten archaeological sites were located...Besides small habitation sites and modified bluffs, there are 3 large house platforms surrounded by enclosing walls. These sites are believed to date to the historic era around sad after the residence of Kamehameha I in Kailua 1810-1850 and at least one (Site 3) has historic debris scattered on its living surface. One site (Site 10) can be definitely connected to a specific Land Court Award (L CA 7052 to Kekuakoa). The largest house compound site (Site 3, whose ownership is uncertain) could be awards assigned to either Kailikulani or to Kanewahilani. All three of the large house sites show evidence of intensive occupation and probably contain sizable buried cultural debris and possibly burials. The native testimory of LCA 7082 (Site 10) mentions a nearby cemetery which could mean burials occur around-the site (1987:1). 383-041388 7 Recent historical research on the Kona area, and archaeological work within Kona has greatly increased the understanding of pre-contact and early historic period settlement and land utilization in the area. Kelly provides a detailed post-contact history of the Kona area in "Na Mala o Kona: Gardens of Kona, A History of Land Use in Kona, Hawaii" (1983) Barrere presents an overview of Kona's history, from the traditional history through the post-Mahele years (Barrere 1986). Historical research indicates that Kamehameha I, after uniting the islands, in 1812 returned to Kona to take up residence. He established his residence in Kamakahonu; as a result, Kamakahonu became a focus of political and economic activity. This period evidenced an increase in the population, growth of the Kailua-Keauhou settlements, increasing demands on the commoners, in terms of work and goods to support Kamehameha and his entourage, and an increasing number of visits by exploring and trading ships. Kamehameha died in 1819. A year later, the first missionaries arrived in Kona. Kamehameha's heir, Liholiho, assumed power, and he along with his entire court and two mission families relocated to Honolulu by December of 1820 (Barrere 1975, 1986:232). During the following years, John Adams Kuakini, an autocratic chief, served as governor of the Kona area, until his death in 1844 (Barrere 1986:234). Major land reformation in the Kona area was initiated through the Great Mahele of 1848. According to Chinen (Chinen 1958), "the lands identified and separated in 1848 as Crown Lands, Government Lands, and Konohiki Lands were all 'subject to the rights of native tenants"' (1958:29). All native tenants who occupied and improved any portion of Crown, Government, or Konohiki Lands could be awarded fee simple titles (1958:29). FIffi,D MHTHODS AND PROCBDDRES Field work was carried out December 16-18, 1987 by Supervisory Archaeologist Margaret L.K. Rosendahl and by Field Archaeologists Robert Noah and Steven Tachera. The field work was conducted under the overall direction of Principal Archaeologist Dr. Paul H. Rosendahl. The area inland of Site 2005 was initially inspected (1002 coverage ground reconnaissance) by means of pedestrian sweeps. Sweeping crew members were spaced at intervals of 5 to 10 m, depending on vegetation. To facilitate the survey, crew members used a blueline topographic map prepared by Kona Surveyors (Scale:l"=10 ft, Job Number 87-10876, dated August 7, 1987). One archaeological site, Site 2005, was investigated during the present field work. Detailed recording of the site included written descriptions, measurements, scaled plan maps, surface profiles, test unit cross-section drawings, 35 mm black-and-white photographs (PHRI Roll No. 654), and soil descriptions. Sis test units (TU) were excavated at the site. Units were dug according to natural layers or according to arbitrary levels within • 383-041388 8 layers. A total of 2.97 sq m was excavated. All recovered soil was screened through 1/4-in mesh; all soil layers encountered were noted. Shell midden and soil samples were collected for laboratory analysis. No charcoal was available for dating. Soil descriptions for test units followed standard procedures and terminology set forth in the Soil Survey Manual (Soil Survey Staff 1962) and in the Mansell Color Notation system. • 383-041388 9 FINDINGS During the present survey, no new features were identified inland of Site 2005 (in roughly the southeast quadrant of the parcel). The area inland of the site has been subjected to land modification activities. Large piles of boulders, soil, and kiawe stumps were noted in the area, and vegetation in the area is comprised of recent regrowth--sparse grass and immature koa-haole. Site 2005 was examined in detail. The features comprising the site are described below. SITE 2005 DESCRIPTION Site 2005 is comprised of five features: a platform (Feature A), a terrace (Feature B), a C-shape (Feature C), an enclosing wall (Feature D), and a concrete pad (Feature E) (Table 1 and Figure 2). Feature A (Figures 3 and 4), previously identified as a platform, has formal attributes which more accurately represent a terrace; however, to maintain continuity with earlier reports it will still be referred to as a platform. Feature A overall measures 13.5 m (E-W) by 11.0 m (N-S). The northern edge of the feature is defined by a low (35 cm) alignment of large rounded boulders and an exposed outcrop. Present on the east side of the feature are several intermittently spaced large boulders. On the southern limits of the feature there is a paucity of surface paving; the southern limit of the feature is level with the surrounding ground surface. The western or seaward portion of the feature is defined by a stacked wall (Feature D) and a C-shape (Feature C). The surface area of the platform is paved with coral and basalt pebbles and cobbles, and it is fairly irregular and overgrown with dense grass. Feature B, a terrace, is centrally located within the project area (Figures 5 and 6). The terrace measures 3.5 m (N-S) by 2.0 m (E-W)(or 4.5 m [N-S] by 3.7 m [E-W] overall, exclusive of the wall that abuts the east corner of the terrace). Feature B is fairly well constructed and has a westward sloping surface of set and leveled boulders. An L-shape wall segment abuts the terrace to the north and runs parallel (at a distance of 0.85 m from the terrace) to the western face of the terrace. The stacked wall measures c. 1.0 m wide and 0.7 to 1.0 m high. The walls enclose an area that measures c. 3.40 m by 0.85 to 1.00 m. The enclosed area has a very irregular surface of large boulders. A wall abuts the inland corner of the terrace. The wall has no discernible facing along its northern half, has a 0.40 m high facing along its seaward facing southern half, and on its inland side is faced to a height of c. 1.15 m. The width of the wall is c. 0.9 m. Feature C is a C-shape wall situated on the northwest corner of Feature A. Feature C abuts Feature D (wall). The wall of the C-shape is comprised of loosely stacked basalt boulders; it measures 0.45 to 0.90 m high, and averages c. 0.50 m wide. The interior floor of the C-shape measures 2.9 m by 1.5 m. Sand is present on the floor. • 383-041388 10 Table 1. SOlH1ARY OF IDSNTIFISD FSATQRES Site & Formal Tentative CRM Value Field Work Feature Site/Feature Functional Mode Assess. Tasks Comments Number Type Interpretation R I C DR SC EX 2005 Complex Habitation/ M/L L L + + + Fea. A, multiple- A Platform Ranching component historic B Terrace and underlying indige- C C-shape ous use; Fea. B, ranch- D Wall ing feature ramp; Fe= E Concrete pad C, recent construction; Fea. D encloses most of of project area, also ranching use; Fea. E, function unknown *Cultural Resource Mgmt. Value Mode Assessment:--Nature: R = scientific research, I = interpretive, C = cultural; --Degree: H = high, M = moderate, L = low. ~kField Work Tasks Completed: DR = detailed recording (scaled drawings, photographs, and written descriptions), SC = surface collections, EX = test excavations. Feature D is comprised of the wall that encloses Site 2005 and a wall which extends from the enclosing wall into the interior of the feature. The north and west walls of Feature D are roughly contiguous with the north and west property boundaries. The south wall of Feature D, beginning at the southwest corner of the project area, extends c. 12.5 m east, then turns and extends northward for c. 70 m. At approximately the center of the project area, the wall turns eastward and extends c. 15.0 m to a c. 8.0 m gap in the wall. After the gap the wall extends northward for c. 15 m to the inland limits of the project area (northeast corner). The Feature D interior wall bisects the north portion of the feature. At the southern extent of the interior wall are two short wall segments. One of the segments defines an area in the northeast corner of the site--an area which measures c. 20.0 m (N-S) by 27.0 m (E-W). The walls of Feature D are predominantly comprised of stacked small- to medium-sized basalt boulders. The walls range from 0.75 to 1.00 m in width and from 0.80 to 1.25 m in height. In the vicinity of Feature B, the wall contains several mortared boulders. Feature D, though portions of it have been dismantled and removed, is in fair to good condition. Feature E is a 10-cm-thick concrete pad. The pad measures 3.0 m by 10.6 m and is constructed directly on a large base of boulders. 383-041388 11 5; w ~F ~ + A p' 2' '~rk4 at A" ~ d f n a s§ '`t , , , ~lV~~s4 ~~~t.x tit p . r4?~~M~a~' ~ ~ ~I~i{i~~'v i`ur~g°. r It s t i ~ , ! ~r' r~~ ~ ~ Il ~'s~ I 0 n 2¢ ji~ 9 °L~ 's °P'i er r~ ~ ~y s eA Figure 3. SITE 2005, FEATURE A. View to south. (PHRI Neg.654-21) • 383-041388 12 Q i. Q m J J" a m ~TU-5 iLL ~ - r F m ~ 3 _ i J J " ~O o QTU-e ~ .I~ ~ ol~ Corals ~Cl °~~Q? off, b~u'~ ° ° O ~6 ~ ° ~ 1 ~ Q VVVVVV ~ ~Onvd ~ G o ~ ~ Q ~C o" o;~ ° E n° (7~ ~,~o ~ ~O~ ~ O ~ Q o ~ J o o Basalt Cobbles~~ ~ a TU-3 TU-2 ~ - E-'O C Vv O ~ ^ J 8~~° TU-1 ~ O ~ ~ o° ,o a ~ a° b O Q o ~'l S O U p b a y 'J ~ o ° ~ p ° O '~7 ~ m~ ~ 0, ° 5 p V r~ fJ C O ~ 0 0 0 ~d >~~J~ Feature A~ ° r-, o ~~m° ~ y.' o o h' i O - a r ° ~ Q -n o a~e»al~ ~~d. " °o ao 0 o . o p o ` tvym Uprights ~o~ oa o°°0°~~0 ~mm I;: o ° D -ova a,,,~a Fay O~ ~ ~'o.p °cp~a.p uCOo ° O. 07 0.0 0 :~'J Sand ~ o$ 0 0 0 ~ ~~,0.~_ 5 Interior moo °oe~o Feature C - ° e p r i v e p,lii Feature D N ~r° ` 0 5 10 15 i m i-i , T-T-~ ~ 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 ° ° ~f, ~ Coral Pebble/Basalt E Cobble Paving Thick Grass Coraf 3 \ and 'ili 'ili Paving m ~ ~ ® Test Unit (TU) 0 l7 (p J \ 1 LL r F m 3 - Figure 4. SITE 2005, FEATURES A, C, D, AND SECTION 383-041388 13 _ ~ . x , ff,„, y Figure 5. SITE 2005, FEATURE B. View to north. (PHRI Neg.654-32) 383-041388 14 A' A i ~ - O - ~ o °O , O r~ ~ ~J A U F- A' Qv O~ ?u-~; v Q. o s io ft r ~ ~ m t 0 1 2 3 Figure 6. S1TE 2005, FEATURE 8 AND SECTION 383-041388 15 LIMN DATA RSGOpSRY S%C~pATIONS TQ-1 T'0-1 is a 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit situated in the northeast quadrant of Feature A (Figures 4 and 7). The purpose of TU-1 was to sample the Feature A platform area adequately and to determine its construction. TU-1 displayed the following stratigraphy: LAYER DESCRIPTION I c. 26-29 cm thick; very dark brown (lOYR 2/2 dry) sandy loam; weak, very fine, angular structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky, nonplastic; abrupt and smooth lower boundary; II c. 4-5 cm thick; light yellowish-brown (lOYR 6/4 dry) loamy sand; structureless, fine, granular; loose, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; abrupt and smooth lower boundary; III c. 15-26 cm thick; black (2.SYR 2.5/0 dry) sandy loam; weak, very fine, angular structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; abrupt and smooth lower boundary; IV c. 4-17 cm thick; dusky red (2.SYR 3/2 dry) loam; weak, very fine, angular structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic. The platform fill was comprised of a layer of large basalt boulders underlying small coral and basalt cobbles. Layer I, beneath the fill, is comprised of very dark brown soil. This soil, found throughout the project area, probably was deposited by aeolian/alluvial forces. Layer I contained the bulk of historic artifacts from the unit (predominantly small fragments of glass and metal. The layer contained relatively sparse amount of midden. Layer II is a thin, light yellowish-brown loamy layer of sand that contains black and white sand. Layer II appears to have been deposited prior to platform construction. Midden in the layer was relatively sparse. Waterworn marine shell recovered is likely associated with the black and white sand portion of the layer. The cultural material in the layer, which includes historic artifacts, is similar in nature to the material recovered from Layer I. The material appears to have been deposited during occupation of the platform. Layer III is a black sandy loam that is very compact and greasy. Very rounded pebbles ('ili'ili) were present in the layer. These pebbles 383-041388 16 Ate; 2.,. x s° Figure 7. SSTE 2005, FEATURE A, TU-1, WEST FACE. View to west. (PART Neg.654-30) 383-041388 17 probably represent an early pavement. The majority of indigenous artifacts recovered from the unit were from Layer III. Layer III contained few historic artifacts. Two volcanic glass flakes from the layer were submitted for hydration-rind age determination (PHRI Nos. VG-742 and -744). The flakes yielded date ranges of AD 1675-1723 and AD 1630-1758, respectively. Layer IV is a red loam that overlies undulating bedrock. No midden or artifacts were present in the layer. TU-2 Because cultural material was found within Layers I and III of TU-1, areas surrounding the unit were tested in order to define the extent of the material. TU-2 was placed about 2.0 north of TU-1 abutting the north face of Feature A. TU-2 measured 0.5 by 0.5 m. Layer I was c. 12 cm thick and correlated with Layers I and II in TU-1. Midden in the layer was sparse and was comprised predominantly of Cypraeidae, Hipponicidae, and Echinoidea. Layer I of TU-2 yielded few artifacts, of which the majority were historic. A single volcanic glass flake from the layer was submitted for hydration-rind ,age determination (PHRI No.VG-743). The flake yielded a calibrated range of AD 1686-1726. The composition of Layer ZI was similar to the composition of Layer III of TU-1, except there were only two historic glass fragments in Layer II--there were no indigenous artifacts. Midden in Layer II was sparse and was comprised predominantly of Cypraeidae, Conidae, Isognomonidae, and Echinoidea. Excavation of TU-2 confirmed that Layer ZII of TU-1 extended outside the limits of the Feature A platform. Layer III, 7 cm thick (maximum), correlates with Layer IV of TU-1. Layer III rests directly on bedrock. No cultural material was present in the layer. TQ-3 TU-3, located about 2.0 m north of TU-2, measures 1.0 by 0.5 m. TO-3 contained only one layer situated above bedrock. This layer (i) correlates with Layer I of TU-i and -2. Layer I of TU-3 yielded a few indigenous and historic artifacts. Marine shell midden in the layer was sparse, and was generally comprised of the species identified in TU-1 and -2. TO-4 TU-4 was placed in the southern portion of Feature S, adjacent to the Feature B wall (Figure 6). TU-4 measured 0.85 by 0.85 m, and was excavated in order to determine the nature and the function of Feature B. A layer of large boulders was initially removed from the surface of the 383-041388 lg unit. Two boulders were partially set into the soil; the other boulders were loose. Beneath the boulders was a single layer 35 cm deep, which rested on bedrock. The layer correlated with Layer I of TU-1, -2, and -3. Midden in the layer was very sparse and was comprised of Cypraeidae, Conidae, and Echinoidea. A single indigenous artifact and a few historic items were present in the layer. TO-5 TU-5, 0.5 by 0.5 m, was placed c. 3.0 m northeast of the northeast corner of Feature A. The stratigraphy in TU-5 correlated closely with the stratigrapahy of TU-1. Layer I was c. 20 cm thick and contained relatively more sand than Layer I in the other units. Layer II was similar to Layer I and contained a sand lens. Layer III correlated in color and texture with Layer III of TU-1, though no artifacts were present. Layer III was c. 5 cm thick. Layer IV was c. 5 cm thick and rested directly on bedrock. Shell mid den in Layers I-III was very sparse and was comprised of Cypraeidae, Conidae, and Echinoidea. Only two artifacts were recovered from TO-5 (from Layer Z). TU-6 TU-6 measured 0.5 by 0.5 m and was located at the southeast corner of Feature A. The stratigraphy in TU-6 was similar to the stratigraphies in TU-1 and TU-5, except TU-6 did not contain Layer III. Layer I was c. 17 cm thick and contained 'ili'ili, coral paving, and sand. A few artifacts were recovered from Layer I. Midden in Layer I was very sparse and was comprised predominantly of Cypraeidae and Conidae. Layer II was c. 5 cm thick and was comprised mostly of yellow sand. Layer III, a maximum of 17 on thick, correlated with Layer IV of TU-1 and TU-5. No cultural material was identified in Layer III. 383-041388 lg DATA ANALYSBS AGH DETERMINATIONS Zn order to establish a date for initial occupation of Feature A, and in order to obtain an estimate of overall time span and depth of occupation evidenced by the cultural deposits at Feature A, three volcanic glass samples from the feature (two from Layer III of TU-1, and one from Layer I of TU-2 of Feature A) were submitted to MOHLAB (State College, Penn.) for hydration-rind age determination analysis (Table 2). The two samples from TU-1 (PRAT Nos. VG-744 and -742) yielded date ranges of AD 1630-1758 and AD 1675-1723, respectively. The sample from TU-2 (PHRI No.VG-743) dated to AD 1686-1726. A11 three date ranges correlate well; the ranges indicate initial use of Feature A may have taken place about the mid 1600s. Layer I of TU-2 appears to correlate with Layers I and II of Feature A. Layer II of TU-2 appears to be the northern edge of Layer III, Feature A. The relatively thinness of Layer II (TU-2) and the mixed nature of Layer I (TU-2) may account for the presence of the volcanic flake in Layer I of TU-2. PORTABLE ARTIFACTS During the present work, 2,292 portable artifacts were recovered. Thirty-five artifacts (1.5%) were indigenous (prehistoric), and 2,257 (98.5,°6) were non-indigenous (historic) (Table 3). Indigenous Artifacts The indigenous artifacts represent a limited range of types--fishing gear, tools, domestic implements, flaked stone, and miscellaneous. Twenty-nine of the 35 indigenous artifacts were recovered from TU-1. Eighteen of the 35 artifacts (51.4) came from Layer III of TU-1. Fishing gear comprised three items (a bone octopus lure point and two cowrie shell lures). Tools consisted of abraders (one caral [Porites sp.] and six echinoid spine [Heterocentrotus mammillatus]) and polished basalt flakes. The abraders were probably used primarily for manufacturing fishhooks and other bone and shell implements. The polished basalt flakes (9 items) may have been from shattered adzes and/or whetstones. The flaked stone category consists of basalt flakes and six flakes of volcanic glass. The presence of basalt and volcanic glass flakes suggests that tool manufacturing, core reduction, or use of the flakes as tools themselves took place at the site. The absence of debitage, cores, or formed stone tools at the site indicates the flakes probably were not waste debris, but rather were used as scraping or cutting implements. 383-041388 20 Table 2. SUM!lARY OF HYDRATION-RSPID AGE DHTffi2MINFiTIONS PHRI MOHLAB Hydration Calendric Calendric Lab. No. Lab. No. Source* Provenience Rind Date Yrs. Range Yrs. VG- 462- (microns) AD AD (2 sigma) 744 2005-744 59 Feature A 1.62+0.09 1694+32 1630-1758 TU-1, Layer III 31/34-49/60 curbs 742 2005-742 11 Feature A 3.85+0.08 1699+12 1675-1723 TU-1, Layer III 31/34-49/60 curbs 743 2005-743 11 Feature A 3.80+0.06 1706+10 1686-1726 TU-2, Layer I 0-12 curbs *Hawaii glass source: 11=Puuwaawaa, 59=Puaa 2 (Michels 1982 [revised 1985), 1986). The domestic implement category consists of a single limpet shell scraper (Cellana sp.). The miscellaneous category consists of shells that were drilled, perforated, or were otherwise modified. The indigenous artifact assemblage, although generally limited, indicates initial occupation of the site (occupation of Feature A) took place during the prehistoric period. Non-Indigenous Artifacts The 2,257 non-indigenous artifacts recovered during the present study consist primarily of fragments of shattered glass, metal fragments, nails, and slate fragments. The shattered nature of the glass limited any analysis of the material. The metal fragments were very small and rusty, and were similarly fragmented. Ninety-sin point seven percent (96.7%) of the historic artifact assemblage was recovered from TU-1 of Feature A. The artifacts from Layer I of TU-1 comprised 85.7 of total historic artifacts for the site. Preliminary analysis of the artifacts was restricted to tabulation by materials. Building materials in the non-indigenous artifact collection include window glass, nails (including square-headed), pipe, fragments of metal screen, a screw, and washers. The building materials were primarily associated with Feature A, and suggest a structure was once present on the feature. The square-headed nails recovered indicates the structure may have been built c. the late 1700s. 383-041388 21 Table 3. DETAILED DISTRIBUTION OF PORTABLE ARTIFACTS Feature B Site CATEGORY SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 TU-4 Total SC-4 Total I INDIGENOUS FISHING GEAR Octopus Lure: Point (bone) - - - - - - 1 Cowrie shell lure - - - 1 1 1 2 SUBTOTAL - - - 1 1 1 3 TOOLS Abrader: Coral - - - - - - 1 Echinoid - - - - - - 6 Adze Polished basalt flake - - - - - - 9 SUBTOTAL - - - - - - 16 DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS Scraper (cellana sp.) - - - - - - 1 FLAKED STONE Flake: Basalt - - - - - - 5 Volcanic glass - - - - - - 6 SUBTOTAL - - - - - - 11 MISCELLANEOUS/OTHER Drilled pearlshell - - - - - - 1 Modified: Echinoidea - - - - - - 1 Shell - - - - - - 2 Perforated Conidae - - - - - - 1 SUBTOTAL - - - - - - 9 TOTAL INDIGENOUS - - - 1 1 - 35 383-041388 22 Table 3. (Cont.) Feature B Site CATEGORY SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 TU-4 Total SC-4 Total I NON-I2~IDIGEN005 BONE Button - - - - - - 2 CERAMICS Bowl - - 1 - 1 - 1 CERAMICS (Cont.) Handle - - - - - 1 1 Plate - - - - - - 1 Unident. fragments - - - - - 13 21 SUBTOTAL - - 1 - 1 14 23 GLASS Bottle 5 1 1 1 8 - 20 Button - - - - - - 1 Window - - - - - - 138 Unident. fragments - - - 8 8 8 840 SUBTOTAL 5 1 1 9 16 8 999 LEAD Pin - - - - - - 1 METAL Button - - - - - - 4 Eyelets - - - - - - 3 Machine arm - - - - - - 1 Nails - - - - - - 67 Pin - - - - - - 1 Pipe - - - - - 1 1 Screen - - - - - - 8 Screw - - - - - - 1 Washer - - - - - - 2 Unident. fragments - - - - - 5 1,040 SUBTOTAL - - - - - 6 1,128 383-041388 23 Table 3. (Cont.) Feature B Site CATEGORY SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 TU-4 Total SC-4 Total I PEARLSHELL Button - - - - - - 5 PLASTIC Comb - - - - - - 1 PORCELAIN Button - - - 1 1 - 4 SLATE - - - - - - 93 TOTAL NON-INDIGENOUS 5 1 2 10 18 28 2,257 GRAND TOTAL 5 1 2 11 19 28 2,292 Household furnishings recovered include ceramic and glass fragments. As previously stated, most of the fragments were non-diagnostic. The few diagnostic bottle pieces recovered were identified as pieces of beverage bottles dating from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s. Layer I of TU-1, Feature A yielded an unusually great number of buttons (IS)--two bone buttons, one glass button, four metal buttons, five pearlshell buttons, and three porcelain buttons. Besides consisting of a number of different materials, the sizes of the buttons were variable. Dating of the bone buttons is not possible. The glass and/or porcelain buttons became available on the American market from about 1830 to 1880 (Albert and Adams 1951). The pearl shell buttons were probably made and used during the last half of the 19th century (Garland et al. 1985:A-46). The metal buttons, which included single-element and composite buttons, were generally in poor condition. There are few diagnostic items in the historic artifact assemblage, and the range of material in the assemblage is limited. However, based on an initial examination of the assemblage, the assemblage appears to date to the mid-1800s. The non-indigenous artifact collection identifies Feature A as an historic period structure. 383-041388 24 MIDDSN The basic objectives of the midden analysis were to determine the nature of the subsurface remains, and to determine the distribution of the remains across the site. Table 4 presents the variety aad distribution of midden at Site 2005. Midden was recovered from all excavation units. The excavated midden material was sifted through 1/4-in screen (the very wet and compact condition of the midden material, due to heavy rains, required that 1/4-in screen be used). Subsequently, all midden underwent laboratory analysis. Midden samples from TU-1 and TU-4 were selected for detailed analysis. Shell midden from TU-1 and -2 was sorted by class and family, and the presence or absence of specific shells were noted. Bone, land snails, and vegetal remains were not specifically identified. The midden was generally limited, and was comprised primarily of shell midden--Cypraeidae, Conidae, and Echinoidea. Most of the shell midden was present in TU-1, in Layer III. Cypraea spp. and Conus spp. were the dominant shells. The midden recovered from TU-4 was very sparse. The overall sparseness of shell midden suggests exploitation of shells was limited. The dominance of Cypraea spp. and Conus spp., common inhabitants of the shoreline and reef areas, in the gastropod collection does indicate human exploitation of the littoral zone. 383-041388 25 Table 4. FREQIIEBTCY AMID DISTRIBIITION OF ECOFACTOAL REMAINS SITE 50-10-28-2005 MATERIAL Feature A, TU-1 Feature B, TU-4 I II III I MARINE INVERTEBRATES GASTROPODA Cellana spp. + + - - Trochus intextus - - + - Nerita Picea + + + - Littorina pintado - + - - Planaxis labiosa - - + - Strombus maculatus + - - _ Hipponicidae + + + - Cypraeidae + + + + Cymatiidae - - + - Thaididae + + + - Conidae + + + - Terebridae - T + - Opercula + - - _ BIVALVIA Brachidontes crebristriatus + + + - Isognomonidae + + + - Tellinidae + - - - ^lrochidae + - - - Chamacae + - - - Turbinidae - + - - OTHER Echinoidea + + + + Crustacea + + + - NON-n~euTNf? GASTROPODS + - - - VERTEBRATES + + r - VEGETAL REMAINS Charcoal + + + - Seeds + + + - Twigs + + + - Rootlets + + + - Kukui nut + + + - NON-ECOFACTOAL REMAINS Coral + + + - Rock + + + - Soil - - + - 383-041388 26 CONCLIISION DISCIISSION The present survey and excavation findings document multiple- component use of Feature A of Site 2005. The building materials recovered at Feature A suggest that a structure was present on the feature. The function of the structure is uncertain; however, the 15 buttons (several varieties) and three eyelets recovered suggest sewing took place ir. the structure. The varied composition, styles, and sizes of the buttons suggest the buttons are not remnants from articles of clothing. Buttons from clothing are usually found in groups of similar buttons. TU-1 contained a generally limited number of household items--items which would suggest that Feature A was used for habitation. However, Mahele information indicates a house site was present on the property by the 1850s. Mahele information indicates the project area was awarded to Kamanawa, who was a niece of Kameeiamoku, one of Kamehameha's most prominent warrior chiefs and councillors. Kamehameha's move to Kona in 1812 involved an entourage of supporting chiefs and councillors. These chiefs and councillors resided in areas surrounding Kamehameha's residence (at Kamakahonu) and some of them are identified in Land Commission Awards. Records indicate that the LCA parcels were occupied by the early 1800s. Based on the artifact assemblage and on historic documentary information, occupation of Feature A is tentatively estimated to date between the 1800s to the 1900s. Layer III of TU-1 documents earlier occupation at Feature A. T<ao volcanic glass specimens from the layer yielded dates of AD 1630-1758 and AD 1675-1723. A third specimen from Layer I of TU-2 yielded a date of AD 1686-1726. TU-2, which was placed adjacent to and outside the northern wall of Feature A, indicated that the Layer III cultural deposit extended slightly beyond the north side of the platform structure of Feature A. TU-6, situated at the southeast comer of Feature A, contained no evidence of Layer III. TU-5, placed in Feature B, contained a thin Layer IIZ deposit which yielded a very limited amount of cultural material. The artifacts recovered in Layer III (Feature A) were predominantly indigenous, and they were primarily comprised of basalt and volcanic glass flakes, and polished basalt flakes. Artifacts also included a coral abrader, an echinoid spine abrader, modified Echinoidea, and modified shell. The greasy nature of the soil in the Layer IIZ suggests recurring use of the area for cooking, though no fire place feature was located. Based on the evidence in Layer III, late prehistoric habitation use is suggested for Feature A. This interpretation correlates very closely with a similar site located in TMK:7-5-09:31 (Allen 1986:206). The site in the Allen study exhibited a similar initial occupation date, a similar artifact assemblage, a similar low midden frequency. Allen suggests the site was used casually and "was probably primarily related to fishing and 383-041388 27 shellfish-collecting, no clear evidence for fishhook manufacture occurs in the earliest assemblage" (1986:206). Feature B appears to be associated with ranching. The structure has a ramp-like appearance and has adjoining walls that appear to have once been parts of corrals. Several of the wall segments adjoining Feature B contained boulders with attached mortar, indicating historic construction. Surface artifacts at Feature B, primarily portions of beverage bottles, were found mostly in wall cavities. Cattle were introduced at Kona in 1794 by Vancouver (Kelly 1983:79), and eventually cattle were shipped out of Kailua Bay. Based on the evidence at the feature, and on historical docimxentary research, Feature B is interpreted to be a probable ranching feature dating to the 1800s. Feature C is a recent addition to the surface of Feature A. A transient likely constructed it for temporary shelter (a transient currently resides on the property). Portions of Feature D appear to have been initially constructed during the Mahele, or as early as the 1800s. Other portions appear to be later additions (additions include interior enclosures). Some of Feature D has been destroyed; other areas of the feature appear to have been rebuilt. Initially, Feature D was apparently built to enclose Feature A; other parts of the feature are probably additions related to ranching. Feature E, a thin concrete slab, is of undetermined function. The concrete in appearance is similar to the mortar attached to several of the boulders in Feature D. Based on the survey and limited data recovery, Site 2005 appears to have been initially occupied in the mid-1600s. The second major period of occupation is tentatively estimated to be between the early 1800s and continuing thru the 1900s. EVALDATIONS AND RECA1'AI@IDATIONS The significance of the archaeological mains identified within the project area was assessed in terms of the National Register criteria contained in the Code of Federal Regulations (36 CFR Part 60.4). These criteria are used by Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources--Historic Sites Section (DLNR-HSS) to evaluate eligibility for both the Hawaii State and National Register of Historic Places. Sites determined to be potentially significant for information content fall under Criterion D, which defines significant resources as ones which "...have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history." Sites potentially significant as representative examples of site types are evaluated under Criterion C, which defines significant resources as those which "...embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction..., or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction." 383-041388 28 Sites with potential cultural significance are evaluated under guidelines prepared by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) entitled "Guidelines for Consideration of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservation Review" (ACHP 1985). The guidelines define cultural value as "...the contribution made by an historic property to an ongoing society or cultural system. A traditional cultural value is a cultural value that has historical depth" (1985:1). The guidelines further specify that "[a] property need not have been in consistent use since antiquity by a cultural system in order to have traditional cultural value" (1985:7). Site 2005 is determined to be important for information content only. Features B, C, and D of Site 2005 have undergone sufficient data collection and require no further work. Feature A requires further data collection and/or preservation, depending on future development plans. Feature A has an historic component associated with the structure and an underlying, and thus chronologically earlier, cultural deposit attributed to the late prehistoric period. In order to facilitate future client management decisions regarding site treatments, sites are further evaluated in terms of three value modes which are derived from the previously mentioned state and federal evaluation criteria (Table 1). The archaeological sites are evaluated in terms of potential scientific research, interpretive, and/or cultural values. Research value refers to the potential of archaeological resources £or producing information useful in the understanding of culture history, past lifeways, and cultural processes at the local, regional, and interregional levels of organization. Interpretive value refers to the potential of archaeological resources for public education and recreation. Cultural value refers to the potential of archaeological resources to preserve and promote cultural and ethnic identity and values. Feature A of Site 2005 is assessed as having moderate research value, and low interpretive and cultural values. The remaining features of Site 2005 are assessed as having low research, interpretive, and cultural values. Three optional treatments for the disposition of Feature A are: (a) continued preservation of the feature, (b) data recovery excavations to recover sufficient information to docimtent the feature, and (c1 preservation of a portion of the feature, and data recovery excavations at portions to be affected. The other features within Site 2005 have been adequately documented; their physical preservation is not necessary. It is recommended that Features B-E be granted archaeological clearance. It is also recommended that a qualified archaeologist monitor all grubbing in the vicinity of Site 2005. There is always the possibility, however remote, that previously unidentified surface structural remains, subsurface cultural features, or deposits of significance might be encountered in the course of subsequent development activities. In the event portable artifacts, buried cultural features, or deposits are • • 383-041388 Zg encountered during grubbing, work should be suspended immediately until the monitoring archaeologist has the opportunity to inspect and evaluate the significance of newly discovered remains. SCOPE OF WORR FOR FARTHER ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA RECOVERY S%CAVATIONS Based on the findings of the intensive archaeological survey and limited data recovery excavations, further data recovery andlor preservation is recommended for Feature A. Proposed development plans appear to affect at least a portion of Feature A. The basic objective of recommended additional work would be to accomplish adequate and appropriate recovery of significant archaeological data preseat sufficient to recommend that full archaeological clearance be granted for Feature A. Based on the finding of the intensive survey and limited data recovery field work, the following general tasks were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the proposed additional data recovery work at Feature A: 1. Areal excavations of earlier prehistoric cultural deposits underlying the existing surface structural remains of Feature A; 2. Analysis of data recovered in the course of carrying out Task No. 1; and 3. Preparation and submission of appropriate written reports. 383-041388 30 RHFBRHNCHS CITHD ACHP (Advisory Council on Historic Preservation) 1985 Guidelines for Consideration of Traditional Cultural Values in Historic Preservation Review. Washington, D.C.: Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. (Draft report, August). Albert, L.S. and J.F. Adams 1951 The Button Sampler. New York: Cramery Publishing Co. Allen, J. 1986 Phase I Intensive Survey and Phase II Excavations at TMK 7-5-09:31, Kailua, North Rona, Island of Hawaii. Ms.101586 in Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Allen-Wheeler, J. 1981 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Two Parcels in Kailas-Kona, Island of Hawaii. Ms.042781 in Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Armstrong, R. W. 1973 Atlas of Hawaii. Honolulu: The University of Hawaii Press. Barrere, D. 1986 Kona: Kai Malino A 'Ehu. Appendix A: IN Allen, J., Phase Z Intensive Survey and Phase ZI Excavations at TMK 7-5-09:31, Kailua, North Kona, Island of Hawaii. Ms.101586 in Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 1975 Kamehameha in Kona: Two Documentary Studies. Pacific Anthropological Records No. 23. Dept. Aathro., B.P. Bishop Museum, Hanolulu. CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 36 CFR Part 60 National Register of Historic Places. Washington, D. C.: Dept. of Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii. Chinea, 1958 The Great Mahele. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Garland, A.W.H., M.L.K. Rosendahl, and K.D. Delimont 1985 Appendix A: Analysis of Non-indigenous Artifacts from Site Complex 50-Ma-B12-4, Wailea Point Condominium Site, Wail ea Resort, Paeahu, Makawao. Maui. IN Walker et al. 1985 383-041388 31 Kelly, M. 1983 Na Mala o Kona: Gardens of Kona, A History of Land Use in Kona, Hawaii. Department Report Series 83-2. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Hammatt, H.H. and D.K. Borthwick 1987 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of a 5-Acre Parcel, 'Auhaukea'e, Kona, Hawaii (TMK:7-5-9:25.28,43). Cultural Surveys Hawaii. Honolulu. Michels, J.W. 1986 Hydration Rate Constants for Pua'a 2 (Kona) Volcanic Glass, Hawaii Island, Hawaii. MOHLAB Technical Report No.59. State College, Pennsylvannia: MOHLAB. 1982 Hydration Rate Constants for Puuwaawaa Trachytic Glass, Hawaii Island, Hawaii. MOHLAB Technical Report No.11. State College, Pennsylvannia: MOHLAB. (Revised 1985.) Reinecke, J.E. Ms. Survey of Hawaiian Sites: Erom Kailua, Kona, to Kalhuipuaa, Kohala. Unpublished manuscript. Dept. of Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. (1930) Sato, H., W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R. Smythe, and M. Takahiro, Jr. 1973 Soil Survey of Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. U.S. Dept. Agriculture-Soil Conservation Service and Univ. of Hawaii Agri. Experiment Station. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Sinoto, A. 1980 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Parcel 1 (TMK:7-5-09:31), Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. Ms. in Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Soehren, L. 1987 Letter to Ms. Libbie Kamisugi of Libbie & Co., Inc. dated August 31, 1987. Soil Survey Staff 1962 Soil Survey Manual. U.S. Dept. Agriculture-Soil Conservation Service. Handbook No. 18. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. • 383-041388 32 Stearns, H.T. and G.A. Macdonald 1946 Geology and Ground-water Resources of the Island of Hawaii. Hawaii Div. Hydrographv Bull. 9. Walker, A.T., P.H. Rosendahl, and A.E. Haun 1985 Intensive Survey and Salvage Research Excavations, Wailea Point Condominium Site, Wailea Resort, Land of Paeahu, Makawao, Island of Maui. PH RI Report 150-021285. Prepared for Wailea Point Development Company. AUL H. ROSENDAHL, Ph.D., Inc. Consulting Archaeologist ~ t i..U I .1 Report 488-092388 ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS OF PORTABLE REMAINS: SITE 2005 Laad of Puaa 1st. Disirici of North Kona Zslaad of Hawaii (TMK:7-5-09:23) by Margaret L.K. Rosendahl, B.A., S.O.P.A. Supervisory Archaeologist and Karen Delimont Laboratory Supervisor Prepared for Ms. Libbie Kamisugi Libbie & Compa:ry, Znc. 1060 Young Street, Suite 210 Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 October 1988 488-092399 ii SIIMMARY At the request of Ms. Libbie Kamisugi of Libbie 6 Company, Inc., Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PHRI) conducted additional analysis of portable remains from Site 50-10-28-2005, situated in Kailua, Land of Puaa 1st, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK:7-5-09:23). The analysis was a follow-up to Project 88-383 (Rosendahl 1988); it included analyses of both ecofactual remains and portable artifacts. The ecofactual remains totaled 845.41 g. Invertebrates constituted the bulk of the remains (773.31 g - 91.47%). The portable artifacts consisted of 2,345 items. The items were both indigenous and non-indigenous. The indigenous items represented a limited range of types--fishing gear, tools, domestic implements, flaked stone, and miscellaneous. The non-indigenous items consisted primarily of nails and fragments of glass, metal, and slate. Eight bottle fragments and 13 buttons in the portable artifact collection were datable. The fragments dated from c. 1815 to the early 1900s. The buttons dated between 1790 and the early 1900s. In general, the findings and conclusions arrived at in the present project concur with the Project 88-383 findings. The additional analysis of portable remains from Layer III indicates that Feature A was initially occupied during the late prehistoric period. The additional analysis of non-indigenous artifacts from Layers I and II indicates that Feature A may have been historically occupied as early as AD 1790, and that occupation extended into the early 1900s. 488-092388 iii CONTENTS Page INIR0DDCTION 1 Background 1 Methods and Procedures 1 FII~IDINCS 2 Ecofactual Remains 2 Indigenous Artifacts 2 Non-Indigenous Artifacts S Miscellaneous Items 21 CONCLUSION 23 REFERENCES CITED 25 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Bonito Lure Point 3 2 Cherry Pectoral Bottle 15 3 Button Illustrations and Photographs 19 4 Ceramic Sherds 22 TABLES Table 1 Frequency and Distribution of Ecofactual Remains 3 1-A Bone Identification Table 4 2 Detailed Distribution of Portable Artifacts 6 3 Bottle Manufacturing Techniques 11 4 Mouth and Neck Finishes 13 5 Dating Attributes of Recovered Bottles 17 488-092388 1 INTRODIICTION BACKGROUND At the request of Ms. Libbie Kamisugi of Libbie & Company, Inc., Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Znc. (PHRI) conducted additional analysis of portable remains from Site 50-10-28-2005, situated in Kailua, Land of Puaa 1st, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK:7-5-09:23). The additional analysis was a follow-up to Project 88-383 (Rosendahl 1988). During that project, because development plans concerning Feature A of Site 2005 were still uncertain, only limited analysis of portable remains was conducted, the reason being that if in the future the developer decided Feature A could not be preserved, which was deemed likely, additional data recovery at the feature would be necessary, in which case it would be prudent to postpone in-depth analysis until the mains could be assessed as a whole. As it happens, the developer decided to preserve Feature A. The present study thus consists only of an extension of the analysis begun in Project 88-383--a level of inquiry which, if the feature was tc be preserved, had been considered sufficient mitigation (Rosendahl 1988). METHODS AND PROCEDURES During Project 88-383> six test units totalling 2.97 sq m were excavated (TU-1, -2, -3, and -6 at Feature A; TU-5 adjacent to Feature A; and TU-4 at Feature B). The units were dug according to natural layers or according to arbitrary levels within layers. All soil and midden recovered from the units were screened in the field through 1/4-inch mesh. Laboratory analysis of the material recovered, being preliminary, consisted of an analysis of the distribution of indigenous and non-indigenous portable artifacts and a rough assessment of the frequency and distribution of ecofactual remains (ecofactual remains were categorized by presence or absence). During the present study, the portable artifacts were individually analyzed and research on the origins and functions of the artifacts was conducted. The ecofactual remains were sorted one hundred percent to species or particular material, and the remains were analyzed in terms of actual weights and percentages. 488-092388 2 FINDINGS ECOFAGTIIAL REMAINS The ecofactual mains analyzed during the present study were recovered from TU-1 at Feature A, Site 2005. The remains include invertebrates (gastropods, bivalves, Echinoidea, and Crustacea), vertebrates (fish and mammal), and vegetal remains (kukui and charcoal). Table 1 summarizes the variety and distribution of all recovered ecofactual mains. The ecofactual mains total 845.41 g. Invertebrates constitute the bulk of the remains (773.31 g - 91.47%). Cf the total itrvertebrate remains, 65.35% (552.46 g) represent gastropods, 12.58% (10b.37 g) represent bivalves, and 13.54% (114.48 g) represent other marine invertebrates (Echinoidea, barnacle, Crustacea, and Vermitidae). Vertebrate remains, which constitute only 1.10% (9.28 g) of total recovered ecofactual mains, consist primarily of small fishbones and scales. The fish remains, when possible, were identified tc species. Vertebrate mains also include a few fragments of mammal bone (also identified to species when possible) and two fragments of pig teeth. Vegetal remains constitute 7.30% (61.69 g) of tot z? ecofactual remains. Vegetal remains were sorted into two categories: kukui (candlenut, Aleurites moluccana) and charcoal from unidentifiable plant remains. IPIDIGENOIIS ARTIFACTS The present intensive analysis includes both artifacts considered in Rosendahl (1988) and artifacts recovered in the process of sorting mid den that was not sorted as part of the previous project. A total of 2,345 portable artifacts were recovered. Thirty-eight artifacts (1.6%) were indigenous and 2,307 (98.4%) were non-indigenous. Of the 38 indigenous artifacts, 37 (97.4%) were recovered from Feature A and one was recovered from Feature B. Of the 37 recovered from Feature A, 32 (86.1%) were from TU-1 (19 [52.8%] were from Layer III alone). The indigenous artifacts represent a limited range of types--fishing gear, tools, domestic implements, flaked stone, and miscellaneous. Fishing Gear Fishing gear was comprised of twe items--a bone bonito-lure point and a fragment of a cowrie-shell lure. The bonito-lure point (IIIB1[1]a), recovered from Feature A, was coded according to Sinoto (1979). It has a 488-092388 3 Table 1. FYBQOBNCY AMID DISTBIBIITFOH OF SCOFACTOAL RffifAiliS FROM SI18 2005 MATERIAL FEATURE A TU-1 i $ MNI II $ MNI IIZ $ MNI TOTAL INV811TH8RATH5 GASTROPODA Cella na sp. 11.73 0.28 4 2.06 0.22 4 0.69 0.02 2 14.48 Trochus inteatus 0.99 0.02 6 I.48 0.16 1 0.64 0.02 2 3.11 Turbinidae - - - - - - - - - - Nerita icea 17.80 0.42 65 8.02 0.85 34 15.65 0.46 62 41.47 Littorina incado - - - 0.35 0.04 2 - - - 0.35 Sirombus mac ulatus 5.62 0.13 4 11.02 1.16 6 9.75 0.29 9 26.39 Cypraeidae 29.13 0.69 9 30.38 3.20 6 143.21 4.19 30 202.72 Cymatiidae 1.29 0.03 1 6.90 0.73 5 3.26 0.10 2 11.45 Ripponicidae 16.32 0.39 205 34.92 3.68 370 36.13 1.06 302 87.37 Thaididae 5.96 0.14 5 12.27 1.29 3 16.70 0.49 26 34.93 Euplica varians - - - - - - 1.57 0.05 13 1.57 Co nidae 40.11 0.95 15 33.61 3.55 9 38.70 1.13 35 112.42 Terebridae 0.30 0.01 - 0.35 0.04 2 0.22 0.01 1 0.87 Ope rc ula 0.33 0.01 1 - - - - - - 0.33 Unidentified gastropoda - - - 2.25 0.24 - 12.75 0.37 7 15.00 SUBTOTAL GASTROPODS 129.58 3.07 315 143.61 15.15 442 279.27 8.16 491 552.46 B roALV IA Brachidonc es crebristriatus - - - 0.80 0.08 2 2.25 0.07 8 3.05 Isognomo nidae 3.12 0.07 4 4.31 0.45 7 12.35 0.36 27 19.78 Tellinidae - - - 1.22 0.13 1 0.49 0.01 1 1.71 ve neridae 4.74 0.11 2 1.53 0.16 2 0.64 0.02 1 6.91 Chamacea 16.00 0.38 4 31.37 3.31 8 7.07 0.21 3 54.44 Unidentified bivalvia 8.63 0.20 2 - - - 11.85 0.35 - 20.48 SUBTOTAL BiVAL IV IA 32.49 0.77 12 39.23 4.14 20 34.65 1.01 40 106.37 ~ 3 cm 2 1 0 FIGURE t. Bonito Lure Polnt 488-092388 4 Table 1. (Cont.) NATHAIAL FEATORE A TO-1 Z S l41I II Z riN2 III Z AIIiZ TOTAL OTFISA Echiaoidea 21.62 0.51 3 18.94 2.00 1 66.35 1.94 9 106.91 Barnacle 2.89 0.07 1 - - - - - - 2.89 Cruseacea - - - 1.21 0.13 - 1.74 0.05 - 2.95 Vermitidae 1.73 0.04 1 - - - - - - 1.73 SUBTOTAL OTHER 26.24 0.62 5 20.15 2.13 1 68.09 1.99 9 114.48 TOTAL MARINE INVERTS. 188.31 4.46 332 202.99 21.41 463 382.01 11.17 540 773.31 OTBA IHVBI2~IIA2S3 Non-Ma cine Gaa tro pods 0.95 0.02 - - - - 0.18 0.02 - 1.13 VSBTSSRASES 5.42 0.13 - 1.13 0.12 - 2.73 0.08 - 9.28 PBGBTAL IIHMARiS Aleuritea mol uccana 24.85 0.59 - 0.52 0.05 - 6.91 0.20 - 32.28 Charcoal 11.07 0.26 - 1.21 0.13 - 17.13 0.50 - 29.41 TOTAL VEGETAL REMAINS 35.92 0.85 - 1.73 0.18 - 24.04 0.70 - 61.69 TOTAL NON-ECOFACTIIAL 3992.70 94.54 - 742.21 78.29 - 3011.88 88.05 - 7746.79 GRAND TOTAL 4223.30 100.00 382 948.06 100.00 463 3420.84 100.00 553 8592.20 Table A. BONE IDPN1'IHSCATION TABLE N-1 I iI III Total 0-26cmba 0-26/29®ba ifi/29-31/34~bs 71/74-49/60cmb• (lvd odes eotal 1/4 and 1/8 ivch aecerial) ..°ISH Acavthuridae (caudal epive) 1.62 - - - 1.62 Hveacanchidae (dorsal spine) - - 0.28 - 0.28 (pelvic gicdlea) - - 0.02 - 0.02 ' Oivdontidae (de coal ep inee) - - - 0.10 0.10 Plasmobranch ii (tooth) - - - 0.18 0.18 L`nident. fish 1.04 4.51 8.32 O.B2 14.69 B IBD Unident. bird 0.97 - - - 0.97 NAlV1AL Caois fwiliaria - - - 0.36 O.J6 Sua ccxofa (i<e [h) 0.47 2.21 - 0.09 2.77 Baeeua - 0.02 - 0.03 0.05 Unidevc. me®LL d. 73 5.07 3.59 - 11.39 Uvidenc. w. mammal - - 0.64 - 0.64 Unident. med. ae®al - - - 2.07 2.07 UNID@li'. VEA'i'E8MT8 0.52 - 0.40 - 0.92 Tocalc: 7.35 11.83 13.25 3.65 Jb.Ofi 488-092388 5 single basal perforation and a point length of 27.26 mm. The Cypraea lure fragment, recovered from Feature B, is a small specimen and is typical in form. The specimen, missing part of its columellar lip, eahibits a small portion of a single perforation. Tools Tools consist of abraders (one coral [Porites sp.l and six echinoid [Heterocentrotus mammillatus]) and nine polished basalt flakes. The abraders were probably primarily used for manufacturing fish hooks and other bone and shell implements. The basalt flakes may be from shattered adzes or whetstones. Domestic Implements Domestic implements consist of a single limpet shell scraper (Cellana sp.). Limpet scrapers were used in food preparation for scooping and scraping, and for peeling the skin of foods such as cooked taro, sweet potato, and breadfruit (Titcomb 1979). Flaked Stone The flaked stone collection consists of five basalt flakes, eight volcanic glass flakes, and a single chert flake. The basalt and volcanic glass flakes suggest that tool manufacturing, core reduction, or use of the flakes as tools took place at the site. The chert fragment, tan in color, may have come from a local source (one source is in leeward Oahu [MacDonald and Abbott 1970]), or it may have come from an American or European source (Greer 1977:32). Chert from America or Europe was usually available in the form of raw nodules or prepared gun flints. Chert was used for gun flints up to the 19th century, prior to the advent of percussion gunlocks. The chert may also have been used as a "strike-a-light." Miscellaneous Artifacts Miscellaneous artifacts include a small fragment of pearl shell and a single Conus shell. Both the Conus and the pearl shell evidence drilling. The Conus is drilled at its apex. Other miscellaneous artifacts are slightly modified by cut marks or abrasions. NON-IDIDZGENOIIS ARTZFAGTS The 2,307 non-indigenous artifacts recovered from Site 2005 consist primarily of nails and fragments of glass, metal, and slate. The metal fragments were very small and rusty; the glass provided limited diagnostic material. Because most non-indigenous artifacts were fragmented, they were categorized in Table 2 by material (bone, ceramics, glass, lead, etc.) rather than by functional type. 488-092388 6 Table 2. DBTAII.HD DZSTIIISD7IOi OY POSTdBLS AYTIFACfS PYO!! SITS 2005 Peature A CATEGORY TU-1 TJ-2 N-3 TU-5 ?V-fi Total I II IIZ Total I IZ Total Z I I I~IIDIGffiiODS FISHIIx: GRAY Octopus lure: - - - - - - - - - - - Point (bone) 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Cowrie shell lure - - - - - - - - - - - SUBTOTAL 1 - - t - - - - - - 1 TOOLS Abrader: Coral - - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 Echinoid 3 2 1 6 - - - - - - 6 Adze: - - - - - - - - - - - Polished basalt flake 1 - 5 6 1 - 1 1 1 - 9 SUBTOTAL 4 2 7 13 1 - 1 1 1 - 16 DOMESTIC Il~LLB70II7TS Scraper (cellana sp.) 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 FLA%SD STOHE Flake: Basalt - - 4 4 - - - 1 - - 5 Che rt 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Volcanic glass 2 - 6 8 - - - - - - - 8 SUBTOTAL 3 - 10 13 - - - 1 - - 14 MISCHLLATDIOOS/OTEHR Drilled pearlshell 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Modified: Echinoidea - - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 She11 - - 1 1 1 - 1 - - - 2 Pe rf ozated Conidae 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 SUBTOTAL 2 - 2 4 1 - 1 - - - 5 TOTAL IND IGENWS 11 2 19 32 2 - 2 2 1 - 37 MOM-I2IDIGHNOOS BOIL Button 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 2 CERAMICS Bowl _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ 488-092388 7 Table 2. (Cont.) Feature A CATHGORY TO-1 TO-2 TO-3 TO-5 TU-6 Total I ZI III Total I II Total I I I CffitAMICS (Cont.) Handle - - - - - - - - - - - Pla[e - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 Unident. fragment 5 1 1 7 - - - - - 1 8 SUBTOTAL 5 1 1 7 - - - - 1 1 9 GLASS Bottle 6 1 - 7 5 - S - - - 12 Sutton 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Window 138 - - 138 - - - - - - 138 U nident. fragment 796 52 3 851 5 2 7 5 - 2 865 SUBT02AL 941 53 3 997 10 2 12 5 - 2 1016 LEAD Pin - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 MBTAL Boz wrench 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Button 4 - - 4 - - - - - - 4 Eyelets 3 - - 3 - - - - - - 3 Nails 63 2 - 65 - - - 2 - - 67 Pin (tool) 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Pipe - - - - - - - - - Screen 7 1 - 8 - - - - - - 8 Screw 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Washer 2 - - 2 - - - - - - 2 Unident. fragment 838+ 185+ 13 1,036 - - - 4 - - 1,040 SUBTOTAL 920+ 188+ 13 1,121 - - - 6 - - 1,127 PSAitI.SHm"r_ Button 5 5 - 5 PLASTIC Comb 1 - - 1 - - - - - - 1 PORCSLAIH Button 3 - - 3 - - - - - - 3 SLATS 89 4 - 93 - - - - - - 93 TOTAL NON-INDIGENOOS 1,970 246 17 2,233 10 2 12 12 1 3 2,261 GRAND TOTAL 1,981 248 36 2,265 12 2 14 14 2 3 2,298 488-092388 8 Table 2. (Cont.) Feature B Siie CATEGORY SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 TJ-4 Total SC-4 Total Z ZlIDIGHNOOS PISHiNG GEAR Octopus Lure: Point (bone) - - - - - - 1 Cowrie shell lure - - - 1 1 - 1 SUBTOTAL - - - 1 1 - 2 TOOLS Abrader: Coral _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Ecbinoid - - - - - - 6 Adze: Polished basalt flake - - - - - - 9 SUBTOTAL - - - - - - 16 DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTS Scraper (cellana sp.) - - - - - - 1 FLARED STONE Flake: Basalt - - - - - - 5 Che rt - - - - - - 1 Volcanic glass - - - - - - 8 SUBTOTAL - - - - - - 14 MISCELLANEOIIS/OTEER Drilled pearl sb ell - - - - - - 1 Hod if ied: Echinoi dea - - - - - - 1 Shell - - - - - - 2 Perforated Conidae - - - - - - 1 SUBTOTAL - - - - - - S TOTAL IND IGENWS - - - 1 1 - 38 HON-IImZGHN00S BONE Button - - - - - - 2 CERAMICS Bovl - - 1 - 1 - 1 Button - - - - - - - 488-092388 9 Table 2. (Cont.) Peaiure B Site CATEGORY SC-1 SC-2 SC-3 TU-4 Total SC-4 Total I CERAMICS (Cont.) Handle - - - - - 1 1 Plate - - - - - - 1 Unident. fragments - - - - - 13 21 SUBTOTAL - - i - 1 14 24 GLASS Bottle 5 1 1 1 8 - 20 Button - - - - - - 1 Window - - - - - - 138 Unident. fragments - - - 8 8 8 881 SUBTOTAL 5 1 1 9 16 8 1,040 LEAD Pin - - - - - - 1 METAL Bos wrench - - - - - - 1 Button - - - - - - 4 Eyelets - - - - - - 3 Nails - - - - - - 67 Pin (tool) - - - - - - 1 Pipe - - - - - 1 1 Screen - - - - - - 8 Screw - - - - - - 1 Washer - - - - - - 2 Unident. fra gmenis - - - - - S 1,045+ SUBTOTAL - - - - - 6 1,133+ PEARLSHELL Button - - - - - - 5 PLAST ZC Comb - - - - - - 1 PORCELAIN Button - - - 1 1 - 4 SLATE - - - - - - 97 TOTAL NON-IND IGENCUS 5 1 2 10 18 28 2,307 GRAAII) TOTAL 5 1 2 11 19 28 2,345 488-092388 10 Bottles Bottles can be dated by analyzing several key attributes: (a) mold and tool markings, (b) neck and mouth finishes, (c) color, and (d) trademarks. Table 3 lists mold and tool attributes used during certain manufacturing periods. Information in the table and in the present discussion concerning mold and tool markings and bottle manufacturing techniques is derived mostly from Ft. Hood (1986) and Carter (1978). Concerning manufacturing techniques used during certain periods, between Ft. Hood and Carter there were very few discrepancies. Neck and mouth finishes provide important clues for dating bottles. Marry finishes were used during the last half of the 19th century, none of which are used today. According to Carter (1978): Prior to the invention of the lipping tool in the mid-19th century [Lorrain 1968:41-3; Newman 1970:73], the sheared lip and the applied lip were the major closure types used [Ward, Abbink, and Stein 1977:230]. The lipping tool was used to produce various types of closures from the 1850s until the introduction of the automatic bottling machine in 1903. Ft. Hood (1986) provides information on various mouth and neck finishes used during the 19th century (see Table 4 for a summarization of this information). Color, when considered in conjunction with other attributes, is helpful in determining manufacturing dates of bottles. According to Ward et. al (1977:240), in conjunction with other attributes certain glass colors can be assigned to certain periods: black and olive-greens, 1815-1885; purple, 1880-1925; aqua 1880-1910; brown and clear, 1880-present. Glass not treated with decoloring metals is olive-green to olive-amber (McKearing 1948:7). The addition of certain elements or compounds of elements to the basic glass mixture can produce a variety of colors: Element/Compound Added Color Produced Copper, selenium, gold Red Nickel, manganese Purple Chromium, copper Green Cobalt, copper Blue Carbon, nickel Brown Iron Green, yellow Selenium Yellow, pink Tin, zinc Opal, milkglass iron slag 'Black Glass" A number of variables affect the actual color produced. The amount of the compound used, the purity of the basic glass mixture, glass temperature, time relative to glass temperature, and reheating all affect the final color of the glass (Munsey 1970). 488-092388 11 Table 3. BOTTLB MANOFACI9RING TR(~iIQIIHS Date Manufacturing Source Description Technique Pre-1800s Free blown 1* Pontil scar on base; uneven bottle shape; no seams c. 1810 Three-piece 1 Seams present on body, shoulder hinged mold and neck; uneven surface 1830-1905 Three-piece 2~~ Seams encircling the shoulder and dip bottom mold one on either side extending upward from shoulder 1840 Two-piece 1 Seams on sides of body and neck; hinged mold uneven surface 1857-1915 Snap case 1, 2 Replaced pontil for finishing bottle; no seams but indentation on the body of the bottle may be apparent where the snap case grips it; uneven surface 1858+ Three-piece 2 A circular seam on the base of the post-bottom mold bottle; seam extending out and up either side of the bottle all the way to the finish Unknown Three-piece 2 Date unknown; however appears to cup-bottom mold coincide with three-piece post-bottom mold; a seam encircles the sides of the bottle just above the base; seam extends up either side of the bottle to the finish 1867 First lettered 1 Replaced paper labels; provided panel permanent advertising 1881 Semi-Automatic 1 Seams on body and neck up to automatic mouth; mouth still hand-finished *Carter 1978. ~Ft. Hood 1986 488-092388 12 Table 3. (Cont.) Date Manufacturing Source Description Technique 1903-1969 Owen's Scar 1, 2 An irregular feathery circular bottle machine suction cut-off scar on the base of the machine-made bottles, sometimes extending up onto the sides of the bottle just above the base; mold seams extend up and over the bottle lip 1935-1955 Valve mark 2 A small (about 1 cm diameter) regularly shaped circular scar on machine-made bottle bases 488-092388 13 Table 4. MODTH AMID NSCR FINIS~S Date Manufacturing Description Technique ?-1855 Fire-polished The earliest type of glass bottle finish; fire-polished finishes result from breaking the bottle neck from a blow-pipe and then smoothing the roughened edges in a fire ?-1870 Flanged or folded Another early finish done similar to the fire-polished method except that while the glass is still warm the lip is flared {flanged) outwards for easier pouring or is completely folded over; all are irregular in shape ?-1845 Applied string These bottle finishes are the same as afire-polished finishes except that an extra band of glass is applied around the lip; the band exhibits the impression of a string used in holding the bottle cork in place 1825-1875 Applied tooled These can be identified by the obvious piece of glass that has been applied to the bottle neck; it has been tooled with lipping shears so that its shape is regular; lipping usually occurs on the exterior below the portion of the lip where it attaches to the bottle; a ridge can be felt inside the bottle neck as further evidence that the finish has been applied 1870-1915 Improved tooled Characterized by regularity of shape; lipping shears have been used directly on the unfinished bottle neck without application of more glass as in the applied tooled finish; the most obvious identifying characteristic is the absence of mold lines on either side of the bottle immediately below the tooled finish; the mold lines may stop on the shoulder of the bottle, but usually extend up the neck almost to the finish s • 488-092388 14 Because most bottle trademarks have been documented, dating by trademark is the most accurate method of bottle dating. Bottle trademarks usually consist of an emblem on the base of the bottle. In the absence of an emblem, manufacturer's names or product names are helpful (Ft. Hood 1986). Descriptions Eight bottle fragments in the portable artifact collection had enough diagnostic attributes to enable dating. The date ranges of the eight fragments overall span c. 1815 to the early 1900s. Five of the eight fragments appear to be from proprietary bottles; two fragments are probably from beverage bottles and the final specimen (consisting of only a basal fragment) could not be identified. The earliest bottle (1815-1870) fragment is made of "black glass." Three sources comment on the use of black glass. Fike (1987:13) states "[b]lack glass was mostly used for alcoholic beverages such as stout, ale, and wine, and mineral water, prior to ca. 1870." Munsey (1970:37) states: Until approximately the mid-1800s it was believed that dark glass ("black glass") was the best glass. This belief probably stemmed from the demand for dark glass containers by merchants of wine and spirits after they discovered their products would keep better in dark containers. Glass makers catered to the demand by making a very cheap "black glass," adding iron slag to achieve the extremely dark greenish-amber color. This glass was so dark that at first glance it appeared to be black (1970:37). Wilson and Wilson notes: The black bottles (actually a dark olive green) were mass produced as a cheap container between the 1840s and 1880s with forming moulds... They were made in a thousand shapes and sizes. The crudity of the individual bottle was caused by the skill [sic] of the blower and by the factory where it was made (1968:13). The comment by Wilson and Wilson concerning the crudity of black bottles certainly applies to the specimen of "black glass" in the present collection. The mouth piece portion of the specimen, which appears to be flanged and folded, is very irregular. The finish of the specimen is somewhat rough. The specimen consists of only a mouth and neck piece so it is difficult to say what the complete bottle looked like; however, the mouth and neck do resemble one pictured in Wilson and Wilson (1968:13,~k4). A fragment of an aqua proprietary bottle with the inscription "LOWELL MASS" along a back panel and "CHERRY" along a side panel dates from 1841 to the early 1900s (Figure 1). A description of this bottle was found in Fike (1987:94). The bottle is an Ayer's Cherry Pectoral bottle. 488-092388 15 . r.: L~ f i i ; ii r ~ `i y C i ~i J ~ 9 _ ~ ~ ~ I 1 ~ I ;E _ , i 3~ 2 0 a ~ I r r ~ € I t ~ i 7 4 ~ ~ I _ _ r~ - FIGURE 2. Ayer's Cherry Pectoral Bottle 488-092388 16 According to Fike, Ayer's Cherry Pectoral was introduced around 1841 (1987:94) by James Cook Ayer, who established his business in that year. In 1878, Sames Cook Ayer was succeeded by Frederick Ayer who operated the business until the early 20th century. By 1937 the Ayer company had branches on every continent. In 1938 the business was acquired by Sterling Product Inc. Ague Cure (Fike 1987:94). A fragment of a lavender bottle, believed to be a proprietary bottle, is embossed on the base with the words "BLUE RIBBON" and on one side with a dosage scale (1 to 14). The face of the bottle apparently was also embossed; however, the fragment exhibits only small unreadable portions of letters. A similar bottle is described in Putnam (1965:23) under the heading "Prescription Ware." The bottle in Putnam is described as a "Practical Oval" or "Duplex Oval." The bottles presented in Putnam are from old-time bottle maker's catalogues; unfortunately, Putnam does not include the names of the catalogues nor manufacturing dates of the bottles. The estimated date given here for the fragment, c. 1867-1925, is based primarily on manufacturing techniques and color. One bottle fragment, lavender in color, is from a bottle which originated in Honolulu. According to information in Elliott (1971:183), the bottle once held gin. Elliott provides the following information on the bottle: 2 pc. tooled top; 1 pt; 8 1/2 in; flat base with concave center; no base markings; amethyst; manufactured 1900-1905. The bottle fragment in embossed with the words CO. LTD." and the letters "H. I." below. The whole embossment on the original bottle reads: "W.C. PEACOCK & CO. LTD., HONOLULU, H.I." Elliott notes that "[p]rior to 1898, bottles were sometimes embossed 'H. I.' [Hawaiian Islands]. When Hawaii was annexed to the U.S. in 1898, bottlers had their containers marked 'H.T.' [Hawaiian Territory]... However, it is entirely possible that 'H. I.' was used by some of the bottlers long after Hawaii became a territory" (Elliott 1971:9). One base-and-body fragment is clear. Present on the base portion is a maker's mark, a stylized "C". No reference to this mark could be found. Based on shape, the bottle may be a proprietary type; however, Fike notes similarly shaped bottles may have been used for chemicals and household products (1968:14). Based primarily on manufacturing technique, this fragment probably dates to post 1867. The remaining three fragments, having no distinguishing characteristics, were dated primarily on the basis of color and manufacturing techniques. The datable attributes for all bottles in the present collection are presented in Table 5. Buttons Seventeen buttons were recovered during data recovery excavations at Site 2005. Of the 17, 13 were whole buttons and four were fragments. Only the 13 whole buttons are discussed in detail here. The thirteen buttons were typed using a classification system devised by L. Stone (1974:45)--a system which had been used previously in studies by Carter 488-092388 17 Table 5. DATING ATTRIBIITSS OF RECO~ BOTTLES Method Finish Color Type Embossed Date Lettering Eire- Black/ Beverage 1815-1870 polished olive green Post-bottom Aqua Proprietary "LOWELL MASS 1841- mold and "CHERRY" early 1900 Cup-bottom Clear Proprietary 1867+ mold /household Cup-bottom Lavender Proprietary "BLUE RIBBON" 1867-1925 mold Cup-bottom Improved Lavender Proprietary 1870-1915 mold tooled /household Lavender Gin CO. LTD." 1900-1905 and "H.I." Cup-bottom Lavender Unknown 1880-1925 mold Lt. green Beverage? late 1800s- early 1900s (Ms), and with some modification in studies by Garland (1985, Han et al. 1986). Stone's system considers the following attributes of buttons: (a) structure (number and combination of button parts), (b) method of manufacture, (c) composition of button or button parts, (d) shape, (e) decoration, and (f) size. The buttons are then classified according to the following four inclusive units (Stone 1974): Class - difference in structure; Series - differences in method of manufacture; Type - combinations of material and shape attributes; and Variety - combination of design and minor shape variations; The following are descriptions for the 13 whole buttons. The 13 buttons are described in terms of class, series, and type; variety is discussed only i£ a representative type is present in either Garland (1985, Han et al. 1986) or Carter (Ms). If the type is not present in Garland or Carter, a brief description of the button is included. 488-092388 18 Porcelaia/Milkglass Buttons (Four Specimens) CLASS I: Single-element button (Figure 3g) SERIES A: Molded one-piece button with sew-through holes fcr attachment TYPE 1: Porcelain or white milk glass, no decorations VARIETY: Variety a: Slightly concave center with sloping rim, 4 holes, corrvex back. (2 specimens) Dimensions: 11.74mm by 3.63mm; 11.94mm by 3.07mm Variety j: Slightly concave center with sloping rim on face, 4 holes, flat back. (2 specimens) Dimensions: ll.lmm by 2.71mm; 11.32mm by 3.llmm White glass buttons with sew-through holes were low in price and available on the American market from about 1830 to 1880 (Albert and Adams 1951). According to Fcrd (1943:140), plain white china buttons were used well into the 20th century (Han et al. 1986). Plain white buttons were commonly used for undergarments, men's shirts, and women's dresses. Bone Buttons (TY~o Specimens) CLASS I: Single-element button (Figure 3e) SERIES B: Lathe-turned, one-piece button with sew-through drilled holes TYPE 1: Mammal bone VARIETY: Variety e: Recessed center with raised rounded rim, 4 holes, convex back (two specimens) Dimensions: 14.2mm by 2.84mm; 13.Slmm by 3.Omm The use of plain sew-through bone buttons for utilitarian clothing began as early as the 18th century in England, and continued into the early 20th Century in America (Garland 1985). The bone buttons were generally made from mammal bone. The size of the button used was dependent on how sturdy the closure on the garment needed to be, i. e., where the button was used. Smaller buttons were used on shirts or trousers, larger ones were used on coats and waistband closures on trousers. Generally, sew-through buttons were placed where use was frequent, and a secure fastener was needed. The bone buttons in this collection were most likely used for shirt or trouser closures. 488-092388 29 ap. ry ~ c n Y/~ 5 .~~s ,~P x, O: ~/3v a. ~ b, c. d. 3 cm 2 • ~ , ~ ~ 0 FIGURE 3. Buttons Shell Buttons (Three Specimens) CLASS I: Single-element (Figure 3f) SERIES B: Lathe-turned with bored holes TYPE l: Marine mollusk, pearl shell, no decoration VARIETY: Variety unknown: slightly concave face, 4 holes, flat back (three specimens). Dimensions: 10.00mm by 1.7mm; 9.8mm by 1.9mm; 8.43mm by 2.OOm Pearl shell buttons were manufactured both in England and the United States in quantity beginning in the 1850s (Ford 1943:156). Shell buttons were originally manufactured using foot lathes; later machines with multiple boring lathes were used (Han et al. 1986). Small shell buttons, such as the present specimens, were commonly used on shirts or bodices for front closures, and on sleeves and collars. Metal Buttons (Three Specimens) CLASS I: Single-element button (Figure 3d) SERIES D: Molded one-piece button with sew-through holes TYPE 1 Copper alloy, simple impressed design on face VARIETY: Variety unknown: Slightly concave face, a single line of raised dots around four sew-through holes, convex back. (1 specimen) Dimensions: 16.3mm by 0.7mm 488-092388 20 CLASS Z: Single-element button (Figure 3a) SERIES D: Molded one-piece button with sew-through holes TYPE DHICNOGN: Brass, impressed design on face VARIETY: Variety unknown: Oval button with concave face, deeply impressed flower design on face, scalloped edge, a single hole (for a metal pin?), flat back. (1 specimen) Dimensions: 21.1 mm by 15.6 mm by 3.2 mm CLASS I: Single-element button (Figure 3b, c) SERIES D: Molded one-piece button with sew-through holes TYPE 2 Copper alloy, inscribed name on face VARIETY: Variety unknown: Flat face inscribed "Patent 1881" or "Patent 1882," deeply recessed round center, four holes, corvex back. (2 specimens) Dimensions: 15.6mm by 1.4mm The two copper alloy buttons (CZSDTI and CISDT2) are utilitarian- types. These buttons were often used on men's trousers as fly and waistband closures, or were used for suspenders. According to South's button typology, this style of button appeared on the East Coast of the United States as early as the 1830s (Hume 1974:90-91, Garland 1985). Metal buttons with flat crowns and sunken panels with sew-through holes, such as the two copper alloy buttons, resemble utilitarian bone buttons used during the same period, the difference being that metal buttons were often stamped on the front or back with advertising or manufacturing information. The method of manufacture of the brass button could not be determined. The button's single hole may indicate that the button was fastened to cloth by way of a metal pin that extended through the hole to form the shank of the button. No other information was available for this type of button. Composite Button (one specimea) CLASS II: Crown and shank separate elements SERIES A: Domed crown, shank joined at back with wire fastener TYPE UHICNOWN: Glass crown, copper alloy wire shank VARIETY: Variety unknown: opaque glass dome with pearlescent finish. Metal pin through body formed into shank on back. Dimensions: 13.OOmm by 9.Smm Similar buttons, described as clear or opaque and of various shapes and sizes, sometimes embellished with a metal ornament, appears in Albert and Kent (1949:102.11). Albert and Kent does not provide a date for this type cf button. The button appears decorative; it may have adorned a woman's garment. 488-092388 21 MISCffi.LAHI:OQS ITEMS Many metal items were present in the portable artifact collection, however, most items were undatable. Datable items in the collection, aside from those already discussed, include ceramic sherds, a comb, eyelets, nails, a screw, pieces of slate, fragments of tools, windowpane fragments, and a wrench. The ceramic sherds (seven) consisted of a portion of a bowl, a portion of a plate, a portion of a handle (pcssibly a pitcher handle), and four small sherds for which function could not be determined, There were no maker's marks on the sherds. The bowl sherd, which appears to consist of stoneware, exhibits a light-green glaze and a darker green hand-painted design. No date was determined for this item. The plate sherd (Figure 4a), consisting of blue-and-white transfer-print creamware, probably dates to c.1790-1820. The portion of a handle consists of whiteware with an opaque white glaze; it probably post dates 1820. Of the remaining sherds, one appears to consist of banded annulaxware (Garland 1985:A-8) dating to c. 1795-1815 (Figure 4c). 'Pao other sherds, consisting of whiteware and exhibiting a gaudy dutch glaze, may date to c. 1850-1900 (Figure 4b, d). The comb fragment, dark brown and very brittle, appears to consist of either celluloid or rubber. Celluloid was used to make molded objects such as as combs from 1869 to the 1930s. Celluloid tends to deteriorate quickly, becoming cracked and brittle and losing color. Rubber, when it came on the market after 1851, was also used for mclded objects such as combs (Garland 1985). The material the comb fragment consists of resembles that of a headcomb recovered during the Lanihau burials (Carter Ms.). The headcomb was inscribed "RC Co. Goodyear" indicating it was made of rubber and dating it to c. 1851 when Goodyear received his patent for vulcanized rubber. The three eyelets recovered could not be dated and their function could not be determined. Eyelets were frequently used for lace-up shoes around the turn of the century; however, they also served other functions as well. Both round- and square-headed nail s are present in the portable artifact collection, with the majority of the nails being square-headed. Square-headed nails were produced in America beginning c. 1790; the nails were machine-cut out of flat pieces of steel. This process was sufficiently economical so as to allow extensive use of nails in woodworking (Hodges 1964:119). The square-headed nails in the present collection have flat striking surfaces rather than earlier-style individually raised (through hammering) striking surfaces. Square-headed nails with flat striking surfaces were not produced until around 1815. A single, large (63.00 mm long) screw in the artifact collection was probably used for wood (based on form). There are cast marks on either side of the screw, just below the head. The marks indicate the screw probably dates to the early 1900s. 488-092388 22 3 an ~//////1//}/f~'~ 2 ~ 1~~~[! ~ 0. t 0 l r ~ .r ~ c ~ F/GURE Gr~mfc Shsrds Ninety-three fragments of slate were recovered at Site 2005. All the fragments were too small to identify. All fzagments were dark gray; a few of the larger fragments exhibited incised lines possibly produced by a writing implement. The tool fragments consist of two items--a straight-shaft box wrench with a crank handle, and a probable copper tool core. The wrench, recovered from Feature A, was made to be used only for a particular size nut or screw. According to archaeologist Dr. Peter Jensen (pers. comm.), wrenches of this sort were frequently used for irrigation valves. The wrench appears to consist of cast iron. The handle, now only a shaft of rusted metal, to reduce friction to the hands was probably at one time covered with wood. Cast-iron wrenches (developed after wrought iron wrenches) were utilized after c. 1800 (Encyclopedia Britannica Macropaedia 1984 8:623-623). The copper tool core, 95.80 mm long, consists of a handle portion (1/3 the length of the core) and a portion which supported the functional portion of the tool. The two portions of the core are separated by a solid disk which probably abutted the handle. The handle portion, square in cross section, exhibits irregular notches; the notches probably prevented a wooden handle from slipping off. The remaining portion of the core is cylindrical in cross section. An 1$.34-mm-long section of the remaining portion, extending from the tip of the core toward the handle, is split lengthwise. Eight point nine two (8.92) mm from the tip of the remaining portion is a small pin which extends through the core, perpendicular to the split. This pin may have functioned to secure the functional portion of the tool (perhaps a whetstone) to the core. The tool core could not be positively identified or dated. The window glass fragments recovered from Site 2005 were all flat and of even thickness, and they were all clear with a patina. It is probable that the fra~nents were produced by the "Continuous Process" method which was developed between 1922 and 1924. This method, completely automatic, could produce sheets of almost any size and of uniform thickness (Carter 1978). 488-092388 23 CONCLIISION In PHRI Project 88-383, the analysis of ecofactual remains included remains from both TU-1 (Feature A) and TU-4 (Feature B). In the present project, because TU-4 yielded so few remains, the analysis is limited to TO-1. As mentioned in the Findings section of this report, in TU-1 invertebrates constitute the bulk of ecofactual remains (91.47%). Vegetal remains constitute 7.30% of ecofactual remains, "other" marine invertebrates, 13.54;6, and vertebrate remains, 1.10$. The great majority of the invertebrates consists of shellfish. Of the total shellfish, the great majority consists of Cypraeidae and Conidae (which are edible) and Hipponicidae (which is an invertebrate that 'hitchhikes' on seaweed and other shells). PHRI Project 88-383 indicated that the dominance of Cypraeidae and Conidae reflected human exploitation of the li*_toral zone, i.e., the flesh of the shells was consumed. The further analysis of the shell midden indicates it is entirely possible some of the shells were consumed. Evidence io support this includes the fact that the amounts of Cypraeidae and Conidae relative to other species do not reflect amounts that generally occur naturally. There is also, however, a strong possibility the shells were not consumed at all but were transported into the feature to be used for fill. Allen (1986), during an intensive survey of an area near Site 2005, found features which evidenced being filled. Allen writes, "[m]uch of the midden had apparently been redeposited as part of construction or burial fill; these samples were not considered representative of site-specific dietary behavior and were therefore omitted from quantitative analysis." The primary evidence that the shell midden represents fill is the fact that the majority of the midden is waterworn. Secondary evidence includes the fact that Cypraeidae, Conidae, and Hipponicidae are generally the dominant species in all three layers in TU-1. This dominance, although explainable in a number of ways, could mean all the shell midden in the unit is actually the result of a single deposition of fill that has been disturbed. If the shell midden does reflect food consumption, then the ratio of ecofactual to non-ecofactual remains in Ti7-1 (about 1:10) indicates consumption was not extensive. The low consumption level would make Feature A very similar to certain features located in TMK:7-5-09:31 (Allen 1986:206). The features in the Allen study, aside from similar low shell midden frequency, exhibited similar initial occupation dates and artifact assemblages. Allen suggests the features were used casually and were probably primarily related to fishing and shellfish collecting (1986:206). The results of the additional analyses of the portable artifact collection generally support the Project 88-383 findings. Project 88-383 concluded that the portable artifacts in Lager III indicate Feature A was initially occupied during the late prehistoric period, and that the 488-092388 24 limited range of The artifacts indicates limited occupation. The additional information analyzed during the present study concurs with this estimation. Project 88-383 also concluded, based on the non-indigenous portable artifact collection, that Feature A was historically occupied between the 1800s and 1900s. The additional analyses finds this also to be generally accurate. The analyses indicate that Site 2005 may have been historically occupied as early as the late 1700s. A ceramic sherd (blue-and-white transfer print creamware) dates to as early as 1790. Most of the artifacts date to between 1815 through the early 20th century. The nails in the artifact collection, square- and round-headed, date to as early as 1815. The bottles in the collection date to between 1815 and the early 1900s. The buttons date to between 1790 and the early 20th century. As to what type of structure occupied Feature A, Report 88-383 does not hypothesize as to structure function, stating function is uncertain. The report indicates that the limited household items in the artifact collection preclude interpreting the feature as a household; it does, however, say that "sewing took place" at the feature. The report also states that Land Commission Award (LCA) records indicate that Site 2005 was part of an LCA awarded to Kamanawa, a niece of Kameeiamoku, one of Kamehameha's most prominent warrior chiefs, and that a house site was present on the site. Based on the earlier and the present additional study, and judging by the nature of the historic portable artifacts at the feature, it is concluded that it is not unlikely that Feature A is a former housesite. The items present at the feature (buttons, ceramics, glass, eyelets, tools, a comb fragment, and slate), although limited in range, nevertheless are all items found in households. It may be that the items are limited only because of the relatively small sample size taken. 488-092388 25 RRFBRENCRS CITBD Albert, L.S., and J.E. Adams 1951 The Button Sampler. New York: Cramery Publishing Co. Albert, L.S. and K. Kent 1949 The Complete Button Book. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. Carter, L.A. 1978 Appendix C. A Dating Analysis of Historic Artifacts, Incre- ment 3. IN Cordy 1978, Archaeological Survey and Excavations at Makena, Maui. Third Increment, Seibu Golf Course: Fairways 1, 7 through 10, and 16 through 18. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Prepared for Seibu Hawaii. Ms Appendix. Analysis of Historic Artifacts from Lanihau, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (in prep.). Elliott, R.R. 1971 Hawaiian Bottles of Long Ago. Honolulu: Hawaiian Service, Inc. Fike, R.E. 1987 The Bottle Book: A Comprehensive Guide to Historic, Embossed Medicine Bottles. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books. Ford, G.H. 1943 The Button Collector's History. Springfield, Massachusetts: Pond-Ekberg Co. Garland, A.W.H., with M.L.K. Rosendahl and K.D. Delimont 1985 Appendix A. Analysis of Non-Indigenous Artifacts from Site Complex 50-Ma-B12-4, Wailea Point Condominium Site, Wailea Resort, Paeahu, Makawao, Maui. IN Walker (1985). Intensive Survey and Salvage Research Excavations, Wailea Point Condominium Site, Wailea Resort, Land of Paeahu, Makawao, Island of Maui. PHRI Report 150-021285. Prepared for Wailea Point Development, Inc. Greer, R.A. 1977 Honolulu in 1828. Hawaiian Journal of History 11:3-38. 488-092388 26 Han, T.L., S.L. Collins, S.D. Clark, and A. Garland 1986 Moe Kau a Ho'oilo: Hawaiian Mortuary Practices at Keopu, Kona, Hawaii. Chapter VII. Artifacts and Manuports from the Keopu Burial Site. Departmental Report Series Report 86-1. Dept. of Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Prepared for Hawaii Department of Transportation. Hodges, H. 1964 Artifacts. New York: Frederick A. Praeger. Hume, I.N. 1974 Artifacts of Colonial America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. McKearing, G.S., and H. McKearin 1948 American Glass. New York: Crown Publishers. MacDonald, G.A., and A.T. Abbott 1970 Volcanoes in the Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Munsey, C. 1970 The Illustrated Guide to Collecting Bottles. New York: Hawthorn Books. Putnam, H.E. 1965 Bottle Identification. Salem, Ore.: Old Time Bottle Publisher. Rosendahl, M.L.K. 1988 Intensive Archaeological Survey and Limited Data Recovery Site 50-10-28-2005, Land of Puaa 1st, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. PHRI Report 383-041388. Prepared for Libbie 6 Compary, Inc. (April) Sinoto, Y. 1979 Appendix C. Coding System for Hawaiian Fishhooks. IN Kirch (1979), Marine Exploitation in Prehistoric Hawaii: Archaeological Investigations at Kalauipua'a, Hawaii Island. Pacific Anthropological Records: No.l 29. Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. Stone, L. 1974 Fort Michilimackinac 1750-1781. An Archaeological Perspective on a Revolutionary Fort. Lansing, Michigan: Treicrafi. 488-092388 27 The New Encyclopaedia Britannica 1984 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. (Macropaedia) Titcomb, M. 1979 Native Use of Marine Invertebrates in Old Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. (Second edition) United States Army Foot Hood 1986 Standard Operating Procedures for Eield Surveys. Archaeological Resource ManaRemen*_ Series Research Report Number 13. Ward, A.E., E.K. Abbind, and J.R. Stein 1977 Settlement and Subsistence along the Lower Chaco River, the CGP Survey. Charles A. Reher (ed). Chapter 9:217-278. Wilson B., and B. Wilson 1968 Spirit Bottles of the Old West. Wolfe City, Texas: Henington Publishing Company. Report 2367-052404 Data Recovery Plan for Site 50-10-28-2005 Feature A and Associated Cultural Deposit Land of Pua`a 1 S`, North Kora District Island of Hawaii (TMK: 3-7-5-09:3) Br Alan B Corbin, .HLA. Supervisory Archaealogrst PREPARED FOR .~LIr. Tony Nee c% Bou Trading lnc. 39J9S. Broadway Los Angeles, CA 90031 ,~LIAY?004 PNRI Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. Archaeological • Historical • Cuhural Resource Management Studies & Services HAWAII: 221 Waunuenue Avenue Hilo, Hawaii 9680 {600) 969-I]6J GUAM: P.O. Box 27105 G.M.F.. Gvam 96911 (671)112-1 l I] SUMMARY Paul H Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PHRI) has prepared this archaeological data recovery plan at the request of Mr. Tony Nee, cio Bou Trading Inc. This plan is for Site 50-]0-28-2005 (Feature A and associated cultural deposit), a previously identified habitation site of pre-contact and post-contact age, situated in the seawazd (makai) portion of the traditional native Hawaiian land unit (ahupuo'n) of Pna'a I~', in the District of North Kona, Island of Hawaii. The current data recovery plan focuses on two research goats: (a) confirmation that Feature A of Site '005 was a domestic household and the primary residence on the subject property; and (b) determining if the shell midden to be recovered trom excavation units placed during data recovery work is a product of shellfish consumption, or was the shell natural shell brought in as fill? To answer the research goals, excavation units will.be placed ai Feature .q. If the units yield 2 more complete range of domestic and household items, this would further confirm the presence of a primary household. To answer the research question concerning origin of the shell midden, a methodology by which to determine origin wih be tested. • ~ i Contents Introduction I - Background 1 Scope of Work 1 Project Area Description 3 Previous Archaeological Work -General Area 3 Previous Archaeological Work - Specific Project Area b Site 50-10-28-2005 Description 8 Implications of Previous Research for Site 2005 12 Data Recovery Plan 13 Research Goals 13 Field Procedures IS Laboratory Procedures lb References Cited 17 Figures Figure I. Projett Location 1 Figure 2. Project Area Location Map and Site 2005 9 Figure 3. Site 2005, Features A, C, D, and Section 10 Figure 4. Site 2005, Feature B. and Section 1 I iii • INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PRAT) has prepared this archaeological data recovery plan at the request of Mr. Tony Nee, c/o Bou Trading Inc. This plan is for Site 50-]0-28-2005 (Feature A and associated cultural deposit), a previously identified habitation site of pre-contact and post-contact age, situated in the seaward (makai) portion of the rraditional native Hawaiian land unit (ahupua'a) of Pua`a 1", in the District of North Kona, Island of Hawaii. More specifically, the site is located immediately adjacent to and inland (mauka) of Ali`i Drive, within Parcel 3 of TMK:3-7-5-09 (Flo re 1). The project area is rectangular and measures c. 315 feet (north to south) by a maximum of 175 feet (east [o west). Site 2005 was originally identified in 1930 during an archaeological survey of West Hawaii Island sites conducted by J. Reinecke for B.P. Bishop Museum (Reinecke Ms.). In 1987-8, PHRI conducted in[ensive survey and limited data recovery at the site (PRAT Report 383-04li88; Rosendahl, M.L.K. []988]), and additional analysis of portable remains (PRAT Report 488-092388; Rosendahl and Delimont 1988). Subsequent review of the PHRI findings by the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) (SHPD) (File 88-591; Doc. 3983E) determined that additional mitigation was required for the cultural deposit identified beneath and in association with Feaure A of Si[e 2005. The mitigation could be in the form of either long-term preservation in place, or data recovery excavations with no subsequent preservation. The acceptability of either alternative was reconnrmed recently with Dr. Patrick McCoy, SHPD Staff Archaeologist for Hawaii ?stand (pers. comm. with PHRI 10/6/03). SCOPE OF WORK The overall purpose of the current plan is to fulfil] the historic preservation requirements of the County of Hawaii and the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD); specifically, the requirements as contained in the drafr SHPD Administrative Rules Chapter 278: Rules Governing Standards for Archaeological Dutc Recovery Studies and Repons; Hawaii Administrative Rules; Title 13, DLNR; Subtitle li, SHPD (May 2001); and to comply with ail current historic preservation requirements of the SHPD and the Hawaii County Planning Department in connection with any subsequent development planning and construction permit applications. The specific purpose of the plan is to mitigate future development impacts to Site 50- 10 <8-2005 byway of data recovery of the information content present at the site. Based on the fmdings of the 198'-8 PHRI inventory survey (M.L.K. Rosendahl 1988) and the current standards of the SHPD, the following tasks were determined to constitute an adequate scope of work for the mitigation work, the details of which were to be addressed by this mitigation plan: 1. Conduct appropriate background review and research, and prepare a formal written data recovery plan for SHPD review and approval; 2. Conduct fieldwork-shovel testing to define the nature and extent of the associated cultural deposit beneath Feature A; 3. Conduct fieldwork-data recovery excavations (using hand tools); 4. Conduct post-field analyses of fieldwork and other research data. ~ i • 1 (PORTION OF 1996 USGS 7.S ' \ (+QUADRANGLE M P, "KAILUA, HI")' ~..1Wa~i~w «ono~u'~ ~ ~ \ ~ ~ A ~ _ ~ 1 ~ ~1 t ` ~ ~ I it ~ ` ~ ~ Ml 1 l \ ~ \ ~ _ M1VA ` \ \\1 V A V ~ \ ~Ke~uceeoA seww ~,II 1. ~ A I t ~V A ~ ~ ~ _ \ I ~ U ~ AV .~~~~,v~~ ~I >.e.u? ..I v ~ I I v ~ ¦ MAD LOCATION ~ _ - - \ ` t Ito _ iooo zooo - y / P ~o ~ - n \ t _ w-:~ ~ ~ ~ ! ~ J i v Kallua- ~ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ V• A ' I - - - ` \ ~ ~ s Qr L% ~N •is"~~~'~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I r~~ ~ ,y\\ PRQJECT.AREA h 1~ ~/~~p~ i Leo f \ -yf ( ate!' n~BM • _ 2 ~ ) V ~ T I ~ ~ I ~ A • I 2 ' ~ j ~ LU ~ ~ ~ No r , ~ o Laniakea''~ti--^~ 1 ' ~.tem I I ~ e ( I' ~ ~ \ ; Oneo Boc ~ ~ 1( I V D~_ ~ ~ Runk ' Y tl ~ h .ter, . ~ Ka/ae ~ ~ . - ~ : ~ t ~ Cl PaaKai ~ ~ r" ~+ti~ ~ ~ 4 i^~ 1 " NT• ~ wafer \i ~.J l ~ Pockst ~v ° ' ~ Teak<<"~ Ianks :MG~'~ I A~ .vPll Figure 1. Project Location 2 PROJEC7AREA DESCRIPTION The project azea is c. 200 feet inland of a rocky coastline and southeast of Oneo Bay (Figure 1). Kailua town is about 0.~ miles north of the parcel. The parcel is bounded to the west by Alii Drive, and on the i remainine three sides by undeveloped parcels. The project area is rectangular and measures c. 3 l ~ fr (IQ-S) by a maximum of 17~ fr (E-W). The topography of the project area is fairly level, and rises northwest to southeast from 10 feet above mean sea level (AMSL) to c. 35 ft AMSL. The area has numerous low pdhoehoe outcrops datine to the prehistoric period (Stearns and MacDonald 1946). Soil covers 25% to 40% of the project area, and is described as Punaluu extremely rocky peat, with 6°'° to 20% slopes and 40% to 50% surface rock coy er (Sato et al. 1973:48, Sheet 85). Vegetation in the project area generally comprises dense thick grass (1-3 fr hi;h), and scattered large kiawe (P~osopis pallida) and koa-haole (Leucaeno glauca). Koa-haole and orris is thickest in the southeast quadrant of the project area. Averaee rainfall in the general viciniry of the project area is ] 0 to 20 inches per year (Armstrong 1983:56). PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK -GENERAL AREA .4 brief review of previous archaeological work in the project area and vicinity is presented here for ~ contexrual purposes. For a detailed review the reader is referred to the inventory survey report For the Pualani Makai project (Carlson and Rosendah] 2003). Archaeological work in parcels in the viciniry of the project area includes a study by Allen-Wheeler (1981). The Allen-Wheeler study was conducted within the makai portion of the Land of Hienaloli 6'", in the former site of the Kona Sunset Motel During the study, two walls and one modified outcrop were located and described. Extensive ]and modification and hotel construction in the area since the study have most likely dzstroved [hose fearures- ~ Other studies near the project area include a reconnaissance survey (Sinoto 1980) and subsequent intensive survey and excavations (Allen 1986) conducted on a 49,933 sq fr coastal parcel located north of the project area, in the Lands of Hienaloli 6'" and Auhaukeae 1". The Allen study includes thorough background research on the contac[ period, a section on previous archaeological work, and describes the overall setting of the parcel (1986). During the Allen study, 25 features were recorded: two walls; two enclosures, one built on an outcrop; two 9.0 by 9.0 m low platforms; eight small high platforms with modified outcrops; one cairn with an outcrop; one platform with a distinct, unpaved, modified outcrop segment; four modified outcrops; one concrete cistern; one large soil area which included a modifed outcrop; two depressions; and one dense midden concentration" (.Allen 1986:23). The results of the Allen study indicated the parcel was occupied by AD 1650. The low midden frequencies at the Tearures indicated the parcel early on was used casually, perhaps for activities such as fishing and shellfish collecting (Allen 1986:206). PHRl conducted a project in the vicinity in 1988; this consisted of an archaeological inventory survey of land to the east, within Puapua'a 1st and 2nd, directly inland of the Kuakini Highway Realignment Comdor (Walker and Rosendahl 1988). The Realignment Comdor itself, which cuts across ahupua 'a in the viciniry, was investigated in the early 1980s by Schilt (1984). SchSlt's work gives a relatively thorough 3 ~ i outline of the range, frequency, and cultural nature of archaeological remains in the ahupuo 'a of Puapua'a (1484). Fotmal features types identifed in the corridor include modified outcrops, platforms, enclosures, walls, trails, and open soil azeas. Functional types determined for these sites include agriculture, habitation, and transportation. Schilt identified, among other miscellaneous features, "an almost continuous complex of gardening features" (1984317) within Puapua'a lst and 2nd, to which she assigned a single site designation (D7-66). Based on her relatively intensive investigations within the realignment corridor, including 36 volcanic glass and six radiocarbon daces, Schilt developed a five phase cultural chronology for the region of the project area (1984:284). During Phase I (Pioneer Settlement, c. AD 1050-1400) there was sporadic use of the area for habitation, mostly in the lowland slopes. During the later portion of this phase, development of the upland subzones of the Kona Field Sys[em may have started. During Phase II (Garden Developments c. AD 1400-1600'1650) small gardens beean to be established and temporary habitation increased in the kola, or coastal subzone of the Kona Field System (within which the project area is situated). Erosional deposition of soil, disrupted from development of upland areas, began to occur in the kola subzone during this time. During Phase I1 (Refuge, Habitation, and Intensive/Bxtensive Gardening, c. AD 1600/1650-1779), extensive agricultural development of the mauka portion of the lmla had become established. Cultivated crops included sweet potato, wauke (used in making tapa), and probably gourds. Habitation was rarely permanent, however, but was more often seasonal or temporary. The dryland agricultural Kona Field System, dependent solely upon rainwater for imgation, became fully developed durine this period. An increase in social stratification, population, and overall cultural complexity at this time also resulted in an increase in warfare/social conflict. Defensive refuge caves began to be utilized. During Phase IV (Historic Habitation and Gardening, c. AD 1779-1850), cultivation of the kvia slopes decreased Cultivated crops included not only traditional ones, but also included such crops as watermelon, cabbage, tobacco, and pineapple (1984:28<). Permanent habitation was generally in the makai portions of the kola. Near the end of this oeriod land began to be conveced from agriculture to grazing. The final Phase V (c. AD 1850-present) saw land use shift completely to grazing following the awards of kola lands to chiefs, missionaries, and others. Previous archaeological work conducted in the general vicinity of the project area, within or adjacent to the Lands of Puapua'a 1st and 2nd, includes a reconnaissance survey at Waiono Meadows (Allen 1984), a survey of a shoreline parcel in Puapua'a (Hammatt 1980), reconnaissance surveys and excavations within or adjacent to Kahakai Elementary School (Dye 1978, McNeil] 1982, Soehren 1982, Welch 1982, Walker and Rosendahl 1985a, Delimont et al. 1985), reconnaissance surveys within or adjacent to the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor (Ching et al. 1973, Hommon and Rosendahl 1983, Walker and Rosendahl 1985b), and a reconnaissance of a portion of Kahului 2nd (Soehren 1976). In ] 987, Hammatt and Borthwick (1987) conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of a five- acre parcel (TMK:7-5-9:25,28,43) situated north of the project azea, in the Land of Auhaukeae. Hatnmatt and Borthwick summarize their findings as follows: ...Ten archaeological sites were ]ocated...Besides small habitation sites and modified bluffs, there are 3 large house platfotms surrounded by enclosing walls. These sites are believed to date to the historic era around and after the residence of Kamehameha I in Kailua 1810-1850 and at least one (Site 3) has historic debris ' scattered on its living surface. One site (Site ]0) can be definitely connected to a specific Land Court Award (LCA 7052 to Kekuakoa). The lazgest house compound site (Site 3, whose ownership is uncertain) could be awards assigned to either Kailikulani or to Kanewahilani. All three of the large house sites show evidence of intensive occupation and probably contain sizable buried cultural debris and possibly burials. The native testimony of LCA 7082 (Site 10) mentions a nearby cemetery which could mean burials occur around the site (1987:1). 4 In .April-May 1991 PHRI conducted archaeological data recovery at l4 sites within the 15-acre Wastewater Treatment Facility, within the northwest portion of the overall Pualani Makai Project Area During the data recovery work Site 14081 (cave) was investigated further. This site had been considered significant as an excellent example of a site type (Criterion C), important for information content (Criterion D) and possibly significant for cultural value (Criterion F) due to the possible presence of human remainss within a cave chamber, under a rock mound. Further investigation as part of the data recovery fieldwork indicated that Site 14081 did not contain human remains; the site, however, was determined to be an excellent example of a site type and was recommended for preservation "as is." Due to various project circumstances, the final report on the data recovery work was never submitted to the SHPD. PHRI conducted an additional inventory survey of a small portion of the Pualani Makai project area in 1995 (Pualani Estates Subdivision Water Transmission System; Head and Rosendahl 1996). During the survey, six sites were identified/reidentified, of which two were possible burials (14129 and 19836)~Site 19836 was tested during the additional invenioryry survey, and no Inman skeletal remams were tdentified. Site 141"'9 subseeuently underwent burial testing by Rechtman (2002), and no burial was identified. As referred to above, in ?001 Rechtman conducted burial testing in the Pualani Makai project area as part of a due diligence study (Rechtman 2002). Rechtman examined three sites: 14132, 14091, and 14129. Site 14132 was a lava tube. During the Rechtman project the entire extent of the subsurface tube was completely recorded and it was found to contain the skeletal remains of at least ten individuals. Site 14091 was a platform that when tested was found to contain human remains in a lava blister below the platform. Site 14129 was a platform that when tested yielded no burial remains. Due to the negative findings, Site I4L9 is now assessed as having significant information that has been sufficiently collected for proper analysis and interpretation of the site. do further archaeological work is necessary at the site. Recently PHRI conducted burial testing in the Pualani Makai project area (PHRI Memorandum 2274-122402, dated 24 December 2002, to B. Brooks, Westpro Development, Inc., from P. Rosendahl, PHRI). Three previously identified platforms were tested for human skeletal remains (Site 14123, Feature F; Site 14124, Feature C; and Site 14126, Feature B). During [he 5eldwork, each feature was measured, sketched, photographed, and then dismantled. Of the three features, only Site 14124, Feature C yielded human skeletal remains. The remains were very fractured and comprised 329 fragments. The remains were left in the ground and were covered with a plastic sheet and soil. No other cultural remains were identified. Other recent archaeological projects conducted in the general vicinity of the current project area include: (a) Ali'i Highway Phased Mitigation Program (Haun et al. 1998); (b) Archaeological Inventory Survey of Two Parcels in Holualoa 2nd and 3rd (Wolforth 2000); and (c) Archaeological Invemory Survey, Walua Apartment Project (Corbin 2001). During the Ali'i Highway Phased Mitigation Program (Haun et al. 1998) I?7 sites with 1,548 features were identified in the project area. Most sites had been identified during previous work. Fifty-eight sites were assigned a permanent habitation function. Four of these sites were also assigned a burial function, and two of the four were assigned a ceremonial function as well. A temporary habitation function was assigned ' to 28 sites. Of these, four were also assigned a burial function, one was assigned a ceremonial function, and two were assigned a buriaUceremonial function. The most common non-habitation site function was agriculture (40 sites), followed by ranching (livestock control; 16), ahupua 'a boundary (14); burial (I1), hansportation (7), and water catchment (1). The 1,84 features had the following functions: agriculture (1,029 features), permanent habitation (306), burial (53), temporary habitation (43), livestock control (30), religious or ceremonial (]5), marker (14), ahupua "a boundary (14), transportation (12), storage (3), water catchment (2), communication (2), and recreation (1). Three features were assigned a temporary habitation and burial function. The function of 21 features was undetermined. 5 • During the archaeological inventory survey of the Two Parcels in Holualoa 2nd and 3rd project area (Wolforth 2000), seven sites with 26 features were recorded: one heiau (Site 3829), three residential sites 0600, 6317, 6374), and three walls (63]6, 6340, 21391). Site 5600 consisted of a wall, two midden deposits, three pladorms, a terraceipavement, five enclosures, two pahoehoe outcrops with bedrock mortars, a burial cave, and a papamu. Functional interpretations included habitation, recreation, boundary enclosures, house floor pavement, recreation, and boundary walls. Sites 6316 and 6340 were ahupua'a boundary walls. Site 6317 consisted of an enclosure, a wall, and a platform functioning for permanent habitation. Site 6374 consisted of an enclosure, three platforms, a mound, a modified outcrop, and a terrace all functioning for permanent habitation. Site 21391 was an enclosure wall. During the archaeological inventory survey for the Walua Apartment Project (Corbin 200]), 27 sites were identified. Eight of the 27 had been previously identified during an earlier inventory survey that covered a portion of the current project area (Head et al. 1994). Nineteen sites consisting of 22 features were newly identified. Seven of these sites were tested. The 22 Ieatures comprised the following formal types: modified outcrops (8), walls (6), enclosure (I), terrace (I), platform (2), lava blister cave (1), rock alignment (1), shrine (1), paved area (I), and papamu (I PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK- SPECIFIC PROJECTAREA Site 2005 was initially identified and recorded by J. E. Reinecke as "Site 71. A large, modem house platform" during his coastal survey for Bishop Museum in 1930 (Reinecke Ms.). The site was subseouently recorded by staff members of the DLNR Historic Sites Section (HSS (now known as the SHPD]) as pan of the 1970 Statewide Inventory of Historic Sites. The DLNR-HSS Hawaii Register of Historic Places (HARP) site record form provides the following information on the site: This platform [Auhaukeae Platform] is located just inland of Huggo's restaurant, on the south side of Kailua, and on the eastern side of Alii Drive. The platform is 8 by 10 meters in size and about ?6 m high...rectangular, and it has a small "C" shaped structure on top on its seaward side. The edge is faced with stone, while the interior is filled with rubble, dressed on top with smooth and branch coral, and perhaps sand. 4 large amount of surface midden was present, including shells, and historic debris. Bottle glass scrapers were found, as were bits of ceramics...(HRHP Site Form 2005). A subsequent review of site information by Dr. Ross Cordy in 1987 resulted in updates to the site form (SHPD files). The site is presently recorded as situated in the Land of Pua`a 1" rather than Auhaukeae, and is now identified as a "Dwelling Compound" comprising a large, stone-walled enclosure with platform and small enclosure (HARP Site Form 2005, additional notes). The HRHP site form indicates the site correlates with Land Commission Award (LCA) 4140 to Kamanawa (HARP Site Form 2005, additional notes). According to Barrere (1986), Kamanawa and her sister, Kaikainali`i, "inherited several pieces of land in Kona and elsewhere from their father, Manuhoa II, a uterine brother of Kame`eiamoku, one of Kamehameha`s most prominent warrior chiefs and councilors" (1986:237). Described as a pahale (house lot), the property was surveyed by J. Fuller on September 21, I854. The survey information indicates the area was at that time bounded by Auhaukeae (ahupua'o) to the north, konohiki land to the east, ala (path/road) to the south, and ala nui (main road/path) to the west (HARP Site Form 2005, additional notes). 6 The project area was also surveyed in 1979 by Soehren (manuscript unavailable through DLN'R- SHPD). In 1987 Soehren, in preparation for topographic mapping by Donald C. McIntosh, inspected the project area and flagged its comers (Scehren 1987). In late 1990, PHRI conducted burial testing in the current project area (PHRI Memorandum 972= 131290, dated 12 December 1990, to S. Fuke ~ Associates, from P. Rosendahl). Specifica]ly, Feature C of Site 14084, a mound was tested for a burial. No human remains were identified at the site. 7 • SITE 50- I 0-28-2005 DESCRIPTION Site 2005 comprises five features: a platform (Feature A), a terrace (Feature B), a C-shape (Feature C), a concrete pad (Feature E), and a wall, which surrounds the site (except for an open portion to the east) (Feature D) (Figures 3, and 4). Features B, C, D, and E have undergone sufficient data collection and require no further work (Rosendahl 1988:28). This plan focuses on data recovery for Feature A only. Feature .A, previously identified as a platform (HARP Site Form 2005), has formal attributes which more accurately represent a terrace: a platform is defined as "raised above ground on four sides" i Donham 1986:14), while a terrace is defined as "raised above ground on one to three sides" (Donham (986:14). However, to maintain continuity with earlier reports it will be referred to as a platform in this report. Feature .4 is 13.5 m (east to west) by 1 ].0 m (north to south). The upper surface of the platform is paved with coral and basalt pebbles and cobbles, and it is fairly irregular and overgrown with dense crass. Thz northern edge of the feature is defined by a low (35 cm high) alignment of large rounded boulders and an exposed outcrop. Present on the east side of the fearure are several intermittently spaced large boulders. On the southern side the feature is level with the saaounding ground surface and is only sparsely paved- The western, seaward portion is defined by a stacked wall (Feature D) and a C-shape (Feature C). Five test units were placed in and around Feature A during the previous intensive archaeological survey (Rosendahl 1988). These units are briefly described here (see Figure 3 for profiles of TU-1, -2, -3 TU-I was placed in the northeast quadrant of Feature A. The platform fill comprised a lave: of large basalt boulders underlying small coral and basalt cobbles. Layer I (0-30 cmbd), beneath the fill, was very dark brown soil. Layer I comained the bulk of historic artifacts from the uni; (predominately small fragments of glass and metal). Little zcofacmal remains were recovered. Layer II {28-35cmbd) appeared to have been deposited prior to platform construction. The layer was a thin, light yellowish-brown loamy layer of sand that contained black and white sand. The cultural material in the layer was similar in nature to the material recovered from Layer I. The material appeared to have been deposited during occupation of the platform. Layer III (32-50 cmbd) was a black sandy loam containing '1!1'1!1 pebbles, probably representing a pavement, and contained most of the indigenous artifacts recovered from the unit. Few historic artifacts were present in the layer. Beneath Layer III was Layer N, (47-67 cmbd) a sterile red loam overlying bedrock. TU-2 was placed about two meters north of TU-1 outside the platform. Layer I (0-14 cmbd), correlating with Layers I and II of TU-1, yielded a few historic artifacts and a sparse shell midden. Layer II (15-22 cmbd) was similar to Layer III of N-1, except that the layer yielded only two historic glass fragments, a polished basalt flake, and a sparse shell midden. Excavation of TU-2 confirmed that Layer III (paving) of TU-I extended outside the limits of the Feature A platform. Laver III (20-28 cmbd), on bedrock, correlated with Layer N of TU-] and was sterile. TU-3, located about two meters north of TU-2, outside the platform, comained only one laver above bedrock. Layer I (0-47 cmbd) yielded only two historic glass fragments, a polished basalt flake, and sparse ' shell midden. TU-4 was placed adjacent to the Feature B wall (Figure S). Initially, a layer of primarily loose boulders was removed from the surface of the unit. Beneath the boulders was a single layer of soil 35 cm thick over bedrock. Midden in the layer was ve[y sparse, and only a single indigenous artifact and a few historic items were present. The layer corresponded with Layer I of TU-1, -2, -3. 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 69 ~ 'is: '9 i i is ~ Q •IOlEYj Imo.. ~+~1'a' iY ~ I lil. ~ ~ I p°, ~~~:i j O ( ~~~lf ~ a i ~ ))e Ir 1 ~ ~ l~jf~o.~ ar o I ~ _rn :e ~ I / ~ o I 'i ~ u~.. r i ~ a I I I I 'I TI .'~~l' ~ ~ .I ~ ~ I . O J WeM~ I CE •1~ l i _ I- o, I i ~ , J I a If~ll • ~ I C~ ~ ~ f . ' ~ ~ ,c~, . Quin ~1:' i ~ / W ~ l ~ 9 ~1 ~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ I ~ 1 I ~ - ~ I ~f / 1~ • ~ 'IC `1~. X111 \ I I ~ _ . ~ I Q ~ 0 a o i ~ - _ H~ o 1 QTU-6 a Aic~ i7 oQ . ~ ~O Q O~oa d coral-. - ~ act ~ v . CcQ o,, o ~ C C V _ ~ " U C ~ b ~ ~V i~ -~l c a'~I i~ Q ~~o ~ ~J3Vw Basalt Cobbles ` 0 TU-3 TU-2 (jo TU-1~ "`7 tCG~ 5 e`~ o o~ ~l1 ~ ~'Q of Q ~ b o~ 0.~ ~o ~{i ~ ~ i/ 7 p V a c ~ _ _ u C '.i ~ ? w ~U " J~ c o ~ ~ e o V o ~ u n aim ~ Feature A ~l ~ ~ ~ may, _ ° _ ~o; _ ~ G, aoe~ ~ $ Q~ ~~~e. ace~~el~ ~ 5~d. - 'oo°~ _ o. -r,; o - o c ENO Ji UPrignts C)o oo~oo -o. mm o ~ ~ CaQ e vV~" o ~ D' ° a o of e.Q ° p o-0 o c ^j Qa ~o ~0 ' Sand -$a.o 0.°c~o ~o.oooJ Feature C Interior o -ooo °oeOo plii Drive Feature D N tt 0 5 10 15 n ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 7 2 3 ~4 ~ 5 0 I ~ ~ so-®.- Coral Peoble/Basalt ~E Cobble Paving ` ~ Tbick Grass Coral a m~ and 'ili 'ili Paving m s~ Test Unit CTUJ U ~ ~ J ~ L' ~ . F N m - Figure 3. Site 2005 Features A, C, D, and Section 10 i ~ A' A t i ~ r-ci'~/ ~ ~-x~, a~ ~a~ O U ~ o~ o~ ~ , O 0 5 10 }t f m 0 7 2 9 Figure 4. Site 2005, Feoture 8, and Section O N Tli-5 was placed about three meters northeast of the northeast corner of Feature A, outside the platform. The stratigraphy in TU-5 correlated closely with that of TU-I. Layer I contained relatively more sand than Layer I in the other units, and a historic artifact and a polished basalt flake. Layer II was similar to Laver I and contained a sand lens. Layer III, although correlating in color and texture wtth Layer QI of TU-i, contained only very sparse shell midden. Tli-6 was located at the southeast comer of Feature A. The stratigraphy in TU-6 was similar to the stra[igraphies in TU-I and TU-5, except TU-6 did not contain Layer III. Layer I contained "ili'ili pebbles, coral paving, and sand. A few historic artifacts were recovered. Layers II and III were sterile sand. During the Rosendahl (1988) project, in order to establish a date for initial occupation of Feature A, and in order to obtain an estimate of overall time span and depth of occupation evidenced by the cultural deposits at Feamre A, three volcanic Blass samples from the feature (two from Laver III of TU-l, and one from Layer I of TU-2 of Feature A) were submitted to MOHLAB (State College, Penn.) for hydration-rind age detemtination analysis. The two samples from TU-1 yielded date ranges of AD 163C-I',58 and AD 1675-1723. The sample from TU-2 dated to AD 1686-1726. All three date ranges correlate well: the ranges indicate initial use of Feature .q may have taken place about the mid 1600s. However, the ranges should be viewed with caution, as several researchers have found problems in volcanic glass hydration-rind dating analysis (cf. Haun et al. 1998; Walker et al. 1988; Welch 1989). In summary, Test Unit 1 provided the vast majority of the prehistoric and historic artifacts recovered from the units, containing 96.7% of the historic artifact assemblage. Test Unit 2 provided only two historic glass fragments and a polished basalt flake and a sparse shell midden. Test Unit 3 provided several historic glass fragments, a lead pin, two nails, several pieces of rusted metal, a basalt flake, a polished basalt flake, and sparse shell midden. Test Unit 4 provided sparse amounts of historic and prehistoric material, as did Test L'nits 5 and 6. Because the vast majority of cultural material was found at Feature A, it was decided that the current data recovery excavations would focus on Feature A only. IMPLICATIONS OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH FOR SITE 1005 The previous intensive archaeological survey and limited data recovery and historical documentation (Rosendahl 1988) revealed the presence of historic artifacts that were probably the remnants of a structure associated with Land Commission Award 4140 to Kamanawa. This implies, of course, that further excavation would reveal historic materials and artifacts probably associated with this structure. Previous excavations have also substantiated the existence of a prehistoric component beneath the historic component. Thus, further excavations will doubtless provide more data concerning the prehistory of the site. 12 DATA RECOVERY PLAN Data recovery for Feature A was recommended during the previous intensive archaeological survey and limited data recovery (Rosendahl 1988:28). Within the Conclusion sections of the previous intensive archaeological survey and additional analysis of potable remains (Rosendahl 1988; Rosendahl and Delimont 1988) several research subjects are discussed, and these subjects form the basis of the two research goals posed in this data recovery plan. RESEARCH GOALS Research Goal #1 Site ?005 is within an LCA award to Kamanawa, a niece of Kame`eiamoku, and what appears to have once been a house is present at the site (Rosendahl 1988). During the Rosendahl (1988) project, the function of Feamre A was judged uncertain; the feature appeared to represent a household, but only a limited ranee of household items were recovered (buttons, ceramics, glass, eyelets, tools, a comb fragment, and slate). Nevertheless, all items could be Found in households, and the lack of further items was thought to be due to [he small sample size (Rosendahl and Deiimon2 1988:24). Therefore, one pertinent research goal will be further excavation of Feature A to further document the house structure as the primary residence on the subject property. Procedures to be Undertaken to Address Research Goal #I It is hoped that further excavation in the form of six 1.0 by 2.0 m units placed at Feature A may answer this question by providing a more complete range of domestic and household items, e.g., eating utensils, crockery jars, wooden fragments of furniture, and a wider variety or"bottle or ceramic fragments. The six units wilt be placed in the following areas: northwest, northeast, west-central, east-central, southwest, and northeast. Research Goa! #2 Determining whether shell remains within a site is natural shell (whether present naturally or imported as fill) or the byproduct of food consumption is sometimes a difficult problem in Hawaiian archaeology; there are no established criteria by which this can be determined. Therefore, one of the current research goals is to attempt to begin providing a methodology by which shell remains can be judged. During the Rosendahl (1988) project, excavation of TU-1 revealed a surface architectural layer of large basalt boulders underlying small coral and basalt cobbles. Beneath this was a layer containing the bulk of historic artifacts with some shell midden (Layer I). Beneath this was a sandy layer probably deposited prior to platform construction and containing prehistoric and historic artifacts and a midden composed of marine shell previously labeled as being weathered in the intensive archaeological survey (Layer II) (Rosendahl 1988). Layer III was black sandy loam containing 'ili'ili pebbles, probably representing a pavement, and most of the indigenous artifacts recovered from the unit were in this layer. Beneath this was a sterile red loam overlying bedrock. 13 Subsequent detailed araiysis of the marine shell ecofacts indicated the following possibilities: I. Marine shell was brought to the site and consumed. It was thought that evidence to suppott this included the fact tttat the amounts of Cypraeidae and Conidae relative to other species did not appear to reflect amounts that generally occur naturally (Rosendahl and Delimont 1988:23); however, Rosendahl and Delimont do not cite a study or mention the criteria by which shell is deemed naturally present or manupotted; and 2. The shells were transposed into the feature to be used for fail. Allen (1986), dvrine an intensive survey of an area near Site 2005, found features that evidenced being filled..411en wrote "much of the midden had apparently been redeposited as part of construction or burial fill; these samples were not considered representative of site- specificdietary behavior" (Allen 1986}. Considering this subject, a second research goal is to answer the following question: Does the shell midden within Feature A (Layer II), and above the 'ili'ili paving (previously labeled as being weathered in the intensive archaeological survey [Rosendahl 1988)) represent (1) naturally occurrins shell that was brought in as Gll, or are the shells the product of consumption? Procedures to be Undertaken to Address Research Goal 2 Only Cypraeidae (cowry) shells will be used to test Research Question 2. This shell will be used because it possesses characterstics that make it suitable for answering Research Goal 2: (a) The shells are normally plentiful in midden collections, ofren comprising one of the top two or three shell remains present by percentage; (b) Cowry shells are cracked prior to being consumed, and this cracking is detectable through careful examination. Other shells, for example, opihi or pipipi, do not have to be cracked; therefore it is more difficult to tell if the remains are natural or a byproduct of human consumption; and (c) Cowry shells exhibit an easily recognizable, natural wear panern. To elaborate, in a near ocean environment the thinner portions of the shell abrade away first, leaving the harder, thicker portion of the shell (dorsum or lip portions). Therefore, if cowry is harvested and consumed, there should be relatively more dorsum vs. aperture portions in the midden byweight. Vice versa, if the midden consists of natural shell, then there should be relatively fewer dorsum vs. aperture remains by weight. The samples of shell collected during data recovery will be compared to a sample of cowry shell from Ka`upulehu obtained during recent data recovery work (Corbin in prep) and a sample of naturally occurring • shell taken from a nearby beach area. The sample from Ka`upulehu is from an inland site and is known to be from a midden, and therefore not naturally deposited. Three assumptions will guide the analyses of the marine shell remains: Assumption I is that cowry shell remains from a midden would not be so abraded and weathered because shells are alive prior to being cooked and eaten, and are not subjected to abrasion from an ocean environment after they are eaten. Naturally !4 occurring shell die in the ocean and are most likely subiected to long periods of abrasion prior to be deposited on shore. Assumption ? is that shell remains in a midden would appear more cracked, as shells were cracked prior to eating. Analysis of the edges oT shell pieces should show differences between pieces of shells tha[ were cracked, as opposed to pieces of shells that were naturally broken and abraded in a marine environment. Assumption 3 is that the parts of cowry shells present in a midden would be measurably different from the parts of shells present in a naturally occurring deposit. Parts in a naturally occumng deposit would tend to lack the thinner, lighter parts of shells, such as the dorsum, because these parts are the first to be abraded away in an ocean environment. To tes[ Assumption I, three bulk random samples by weight from Corbin (in prep) will be analyzed for abrasion, and will be compared to three bulk random samples from the current project area. Presence/absence of heave abrasion will be noted for each piece and the results will be compared. For purposes of sampling, 5.0 pounds of shell will be taken from the current project area test unit assemblage. To [est Assumption three bulk random samples by weight from Corbin (in prep) will be subjected to edge analysis, and this will be compared to three bulk random samples from the current project area. IT is assumed that cracked shells would have idemifiable characteristics. For example, pieces that are cracked should have sharper, more ragged and angular edges. Presence./absence of evidence of crackine will be noted for each piece and the results will be compared. To test Assumption 3, three bulk random samples by weight from Corbin (in prep) will be subjected to parts analysis, and this wilt be compared to [hree bulk random samples from the current project area. The analysis will consist of separating the cowry shells into upper, thinner-shelled dorsum parts, and lower, harder and denser parts of the cowry. In addition to the above, sizes of shells shall be compared, as it is assumed there would be Ieneth differences between intentionally cracked shells and shells naturally deposited. Each piece from the control eroup and the samples will be measured for length and the resulu will be compared. Additionally, the overall results will be compared to the control sample from a nearby beach em~ironment, where it is known that the cowry shells are naturally occurring. Field Procedures Excavations would be focused on investigation of the two subjects above. Considering the trst subject, further confirming the status of Feature A as the primary household, the excavation of six lx2 m units should be sufficient to determine this. Considering the second subject, we believe that excavation of six Ix2 m units will yield enough shell (five pounds) to analyze. Field methods would also include the sampling of a natural beach area near the current project area to act as a control sample for cowry shell characteristics. Initially, the scope of work included shovel tes[ing to define the nature and extent of the associated cultural deposit beneath Feature A. However, after a careful review of the previous archaeoloeical survey and limited data recovery at Site ?005 and the Formulation of the above research questions, it was decided that placement of shove] tests are unnecessary. The nature and extent of the associated cultural deposit l.i beneath Feature .4 can best be determined simply by placement of excavation units upon Feature A. The excavations will be dug according to natural or cultural layers. Layers will be identified and labeled in sequence, e.e., Layers I, II, and III. Within each layer, arbitrary ten centimeter levels will be excavated. For example, Layer I/level 1 is the fvst layer/level encountered. If Layer I is, for example, fourteen centimeters in thickness, this fast ten centimeters will be Layer L%Ievel 1, and the remaining four centimeters will be Layer L'level 2. Layer II would beiin at 14 centimeters below the surface. All excavated material will be passed through 1/4-inch hardware mesh. Record forms will be maintained for each stratum identified during the excavation. Pre-excavation and post excavation photographs will be taken. Upon completion of the excavations, profiles for each unit will be drawn, and shatieraphic information will be recorded following U.S. Soil Conservation guidelines and Munsell color notations. The excavations upon completion will be backfilled. Laboratory Procedures Artifact analysis will be done along the Lines of the anatysis done durine the additional analysis of the ponable remains from Site 2005 (Rosendahl and Delimont 1988), including line drawings or photographs of selected artifacts. Anifacts recovered from the screening process will be weighed, counted, and described. Faunal material will be identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Species identification, weight, number of individual specimens (NISP) and minimum number of individuals (MNI) will be recorded for al] units. Detailed analysis of cowries from three of the units will be done by weight for 5.0 pounds, this being a sufficient sample to address the second research question. Any samples suitable for radiocarbon assay will be submitted to Beta Analytic of Miami Florida for radiocarbon anah~sis. Historic materials will be analyzed using sources including Ward et al 19T, Wilson and Wilson (1968), Putnam (1968), Fike (1987), Elliot (1971), Carter and Rosendahl (n.d.),Garland et al (]985), and Munsey (1970). Based on the extant information on the site, and the nature and scope of the current project, it is doubtful that other specialized analyses will be necessary. An appropriate final report will be written. This report will clearly present the excavation Sndings at the site and review the findings in terms of existing archaeological information for the area. Following this, all artifacts and laboratory samples will be stored in PHRI curation facilities for a limited period to be agreed upon between PHRI and the clienl. PHRI will later remm all materials to the client, if desired by ;he client. Ib REFERENCES CITED Allen, J. 1986 Phase I Intensive Survey and Phase II Excavations at TMK 7-~-09:31, Kailua, North Kona, Island of Hawaii. Ms. 101586. Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Allen, M.S. 1984 Archaeoloeical Reconnaissance Survey, Waiono Meadows Development Project Area, Puapua'a !st and 2nd, Holualoa 1st and 2nd, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK:7-5-1:2,12 and 7-6-2:1,14). PHRI Report 119-070584, Prepared for Waiono Meadows Ranch, Ltd. .411en-Wheeler, J. 1981 Archaeoloeical Reconnaissance Survey of Two Parcels in Kailua-Kona. Island of Hawaii. Ms. 042781. Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Armstrong, R.W. (editor) 1983 Atlas ojHawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. (Second edition) Barrere, D. 1986 Kona: Kai Malino a `Ehu. Appendix A: In Allen, J., Phase I Intensive Survey and Phase II Excavations at TMK i-5-09:31, Kailua, North Kona, Island of Hawaii. Ms. 10186. Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Carter, L., and M.L.K. Rosendahl n. d. Analysis of Historic Artifacts from Lanihau Point, North Kona, IN Intensive Archaeologtcal Survey and Testing, Existing Residential Subdivision Site, Lanihau, North Kona, Island of Hawaii. Report Manuscript. Prepared for The Hilton Head Company. Carlson, A.K., and P. Rosendahl 2003 Archaeological Inventory Survey Pualani Makai Project. Lands of Puapua`a I" and roe North Kona District, Island of Hawai`I (TMK:3-7-5-17::,19,23,25.26). PHRI Report 764-060903. Prepared for Westpro Development, Inc. Ching, F.K.W., E. Neller, S.L. Palama, and P.B. Griffin 1973 The Archaeology of North Kona: from the Ahupua`a of Kahului to the Ahupua`a of Kahaluu. Surface Survey- Realignment of Alii Drive. Hawaiian Archaeological Journal 73-2. Archaeological Research Center Hawaii, Inc. Prepared for Belt, Collins, and Associates. Corbin, A.B. 2001 Archaeological Inventory Survey Walua Apartment Project, Land of Waiaha 1, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-5:18:7). PHRI Report 2086- • 030101. Submitted to Maryl Group, Inc. in prep Data Recovery Excavations. Kaupulehu Phase II Expansion Area. Prepared for Kaupulehu Developments. 17 Delimont, K., A.E. Haun, and P.H. Rosendahl 1985 Intensive Survey and Test Excavations, Kahakai Development Project Area. Lands of Puanua`a 1st and 2nd, North Kona, Island of Hawaii. PHRI Reoort 157-070185. Prepared for K.G. (Hawaii) Constn:ction. (With J. Landrum III) DLNR (Department of Land and Vatural Resources) 2001 Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 13, Subtitle 13 State Historic Preservation Division Rules. Dept, of Land and Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Division. Honolula (Draft, May 2001) Donham, T. 1986 Full Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Kohana-Iki, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-3-09:3,14). PHRI Report 216-040286. Prepared for Helber, Hastert, Van Hom & Kimura. Dve, T. 1978 An Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Four Alternative Sites for the IKailua- Keauhou Eiememary School. Ms. 031078. Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Ef[iot, R.R. 1971 Hawaiian Bottles ofLongAgo. Hawaiian Service, Inc. Fike, R.E. 1987 77se Bottle Book. Salt Lake: Gibbs M. Smith Books. Garland, .4. W.H., M.L.K. Rosendahl, and K.D. Delimont 1985 Appendix A. Analysis of Non-Indigenous .Artifacts From Site Complex 50-Ma-B 12- 4, Wailea Point Condominium Site, Wailea Resort, Pakahu, Makawao, Maui. IN Intensive Survey Salvage Research Excavations, Wailea Point Condominium Site, Wailea Resort, Land of Paeahu, Makawao, Island of Maui. PHRI Report ]50- 021285. Prepared for W"ailea Pt. Development, Inc. Hammatt, H.H. 1980 Archaeological Survey of a Shoreline Property, TMK:7-5-20:22,34) Puapua'a, Kona, Hawaii Island. Report 14-158. Archaeological Research Center Hawaii. Hammatt, H.H., and D.K. Borthwick 1987 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of a 5-Acre Parcel, `Auhaukea`e, Kona. Hawaii (TMK:7-5-9:25.28,43). Cultural Surveys Hawaii. Honolulu. Haun, A. E., J. D. Henry, J. A. Jimenez, M. A. Kirkendall, K. Maly, and T. R. Wolforth 1998 Ali`i Highway Phased Mitigation Program Phase I -Archaeological Intensive Survey, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii, vot. 1, Summary. PHRI Report 1320-052798. Prepared fer County of Hawaii c,~o R.M. Towill Corporation. Head, J.S., and P.H. Rosendahl 1995 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Pualani Estates Subdivision, Water Transmission System, Land of Puapua`a 2nd, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-5- 17:Poc 1). PHRI Report 1590-040195. Prepared for International Assets Limited cio Ronald M. Knoll Consulting Group. Head, J., S. Goodfellow, and P. H. Rosendahl 1994 .Archaeological Inventory Survey, Ali'i Drive Sewer Project, Land of Pua`a 2"d and 3`", and R'aiaha 1" and 2nd, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:7-5-18:7,8). PHRI Report 937-080894. Prepared for M & E Pacific. 18 Homnton, R.J., and P.H. Rosendahl :983 Archaeological Investigation of the Ali`i Drive Realignment Corridors, North Kena, Island of Hawaii. Science Management, Inc. Prepared fot Belt, Collins & Associates. McNeill, J.R'. 1982 ,4ppendix, Report on Archaeological Monitoring of the Kahakai Elementary School Site. In W""etch 1982:97-99. Munsey, C. :970 The Illustrated Guide to Collecting Bottles. New York: Hawthorn Books. Putnam, P.A. 1968 Battles Before 1865. Los Aneeies: Rapid Blue Print Co. Rechtman, R. 2002 Due Diiieence Archaeologiczl Study for TMK:3-7-6-17:1,19,2,26,26. Puapua`a Ahupua`a, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. West Pro Development, Inc. Prepared for Bill Brooks. Reinecke, J.E. Ms. Survey of Hawaiian Sites: From Kailua, Kona, to Kalhuipuaa, Kohaia. Unpublished manuscript. Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum. (1930). Rosendahl, M.L.K. 1988 Intensive Archaeological Survey and Limited Data Recovery Site 50-10-28-2005. Land of Puaa 1", North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:7-6-09:2). PHRI Repon 3 8 3-04 1 3 88. Prepared fbr Ms. Libbie Kamisugi. Rosendahl, M. and Ii. Delimont 1988 Additional Analysis of Potable Remains: Site 2005, Land of Puaa 1", District of North Kona, Island of Hawaii. PHRI Report 488-093388. Prepared for Ms. Libbie Kamisuei . Sato, H.H., W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R. Smythe, and M. Takehiro, Jr. 19?3 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. U.S. Department of Agriculture-Soil Conservation Service and the University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Schilt, R. 1984 Subsistence and Conflict in Kona, Hawaii. An Archaeological Study of the Kuakini Highway Realignment Corridor. Departmental Report Series 84-1. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Prepared for the Department of Transportation, State of Hawaii. Sinoto, A. 1980 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of Parcel ] (TMK:7-6-09:31), Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. Manuscript in Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum. Soehren, L.J. 1976 Reconnaissance Survey in Honokohau II, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK: i-4- 08: portion 26). Letter Report dated 1 November, 1976. Prepared for K.M. Youne & Associates, Inc. 19 i r 1982 Kahakai Elementary School, Archaeological Surveillance of Soil Investigation. hi Welch 1982. Letter repon prepared for Mr. Edward Masuoka, Chief, Project Management Branch. Division of Public Works, Department of Accounting and General Services. State of Hawaii. 198'7 Letter to Ms. Libbie Kamisuoi of Libbie & Co., Inc. dated August 31, 1987. Stearns, A.T., and G.A. MacDonald 1946 Geology and Ground-Water Resourees of the Island of Hawaii. Hawaii Division of Hydrography Bullerin 9. Territory of Hawaii, Honolulu. Walker, A.T., and P.H. Rosendahl 1985a Supplementary Report: Archaeological Reconnaissance of TMK Parcel '6 and the .Alit Drive Realignment Corridor, Full Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Kahakai Development Project Area, Lands of Puapuaa 1" and 2"', North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. PHRI Report ]41-013185. Prepared for KG (Hawaii) Construction 19556 Fuil Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Kahakai Development Project Area, Puapuaa 1°' and 2"`, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (TMK3-i-~-30:1). PHRI Report 141-111984. Prepared for KG (Hawaii) Construction. 1988 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Pualani Subdivision, Lands of Puapuaa 1" and and, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. PHRi Report 36i-OS 1988. Prepared for Pualani Development Company. Welch, D.J. 1982 Archaeological Survey and Excavations of the Kahakai (Kailua-Keaultou) Elementary School Site, North Kona, Hawaii. Ms. 051082, Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Prepared for State of Hawaii, Division of Public Works, Department of Accounting and General Services. Wilson, W. G., and B. Wilson 1968 Sprits Bottles of the Old West_ Wolfe Ciry, Texas: Heningron Publishine Co. 20 a* i ' Ya, 2y ~ ~ r a ~ ~ ;~~x~,y, ~"^.i~ ~ 2i~" '~^+h~ - i 5'^P'°'i ~ fy,p a ww~~y~ JO ~ft a "'~'~'t'Y•M,.~`r~~ 1 ~ ~ a' i~~~}s~ • ~ •f•^~~ , 4 v ~ii? '~F[-x~~(K~ T s °f:°s' w _~SLLL ~-~r srs~.d 't KMrf},` PV {VJ : t.+4. - : - U6FIIT 1{, {RROGRJxtr~,~? r ~ s ~ ` r . yAMM{I iKrOMOR! iF s 2 ~ ' r " ' ~ : IIUSSfLL R tuRUfW~0 S '+6 3.,K z °sTa.~~o~~E+~.waic~ ri~ pi'ALOMCRT ~ ~_rn t ''sa„"~'e..s~.. 7",vs~^~+;~M"y,,"T'.^=„r«t tpW~4Rt50YfCtt - ' pEpARTMENTdTOfNO~D NATi..F2A6 63k 4OUNOC4 ~ ~ po.ftRrAnac+wwa~ , - W~"~ORWIRK.;MRRI"f' ,~~{{tt ^r" - , ~ 'Nr~~A R0..~pY Kt~ ^'kk ir.+.- OGMftIIYRtpW~MG+lild4Ei$~c:~~. ~ " ,s - MOYOIUIU M~WMY f{~0! ^R.~ MIdIRGEi tWORC[Y(RT is dxfr°3s'~{'~.'~= 3_ rY!3!j~Y~}$ CO"KtlMC[f, i. ~ roRatRCUrofaipu ~<x - (1WO II1111116tYIMt d'.1`t~ i~+r _ ra`,4k fT~7[?M+tt.-~Y-y~r: 3S'ts~'' - - . - -<j k~TfR ~RD 4M0 otvtlO/Yt"t AUG 4 198b FILES ~~8$-591 DOC.: 3983E 'I't~+e Honorable Albert Lono Lyman Planning Director Caunty of Hawaii Department of Planning 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96'20 SUHJcCT: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (SMA 88-7) Tpnlicant: M. Libbie Kamisugi; 48-unit Condcminium Project & Related Improvemente, Kailua-Kona; TMK: ~-5-09: 23 Dear Mr, Lyman: Thank you for giving our Department the opportunity to comment On this matter. We have reviewed the materials you submitted and have the following comments. One significant historic site {2005} is located on this parcel. A brief list of needed archaeological data recovery tasks was prepared earlier by our Historic Sites Section, and this Special Management Area Use Permit Application (SMA) contains the report of the archaeological data recovery work (M. Rosendahi, 1988. "InLeneive Archaeological Survey and Limited Data Recovery, Site SO-10-28-2005"). That report adequately covers the surface survey data recovery tasks and the limited test excavations to date the platform. Dates are processed. However, the report only briefly analyzes the artifacts and midden remains. For a data recovery report, we expect more analysis of these items - including measurements and representative, scaled illustrations of artifacts and quantitative information oz minimal counts of individuals for midden (not just presence/absence). The consulting archaeologist noted this need. Further, an unexpected, prehistoric deposit was found under the platform (Feature A), and the consulting archaeologist stated that it needs more data recovery. The consulting archaeologist zecommerded slightly more excavation in this deposit and then full analysis of the artifacts and midden in tha final report. !Y~-C9.~!'~~+~. ~~'~-'i.y"-cvo~_.1 ~~t a"' ^'~5.~ ~ e Y ~y ~ ~r ..~~x.nY ..s-„ ~i ,sky - ~h ' k'Y6G:. k k , c . A a- k e; .a.+ r+t t',k ;,y.+ a r ;v Honorable Albert Lono Lyman 2 DOC t 3983E w~ r s;~.^`,''' ~ f t '.YI.~ti+rs?Jf-R ~S`~` xr-ia.> ~ p~~ ~ ; Alternat vely tf Feature A~>ts ~preser;ved thea„~the~addf`tfonaY 3 ~excavation'~c not'~>ice ed ,and ~asappl~eeata~I,~.zep~o"rt'~'riould eed~to ; .r~ v Abe done ,to~tully,ana~2yze~~h,art~facts='and Lmi3dan , Ilia applican~t~ has yet ?to deeide~on~thest'opt#?ons. ~T -v We recommend that'the following condition be attached `to any approved SMA. ~ ' Feature A shall be preserved or undergo additional minor archaeological ezeavation. If the feature is preserved, then a supplemental archaeological report must be submitted including full analysis of the artifacts and midden recoverzd. If additional data recovery is to occur, then the analysis of artifacts and midden shall occur in the final report. Either report must be reviewed and deemed acceptable by the County P1anring Departaert 8nd Che State Department of Land and Natural Resources Historic Sites Section. ';hank you again for ycur cooperatior, in this matter. Please feel free to call me or Jay Lembeck at our Office of Conservation ar,d Erviront~entai Affairs, at 548-7837, if you have any questions. Very truly your G/~' WILLIAM W. PATY, Cha' person Board of Land and N ral Resources cct State Parks/Historic Sites DOWALD - - - ` JOHN WAINEE s o. , ~ WILLIwY W. FATY, CHAIRpERSO1L fd.LwwOR of ..w.n ~ s. ~ Ep.MO M tAMD AMD IYTIRIAL wFaylReea aEnmes r UBERT K. LANOORAF MANAMU TACAIIOgI ''~~'~~.m.n>~ a RUSSELL N. FUNUMOTO STATE OF HAWAII ADUACiATURE DEYELOPYEMT i110GRwM DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATVRAL RESOURCES Aouwrle RESOURCES v. o. SOZ fiZf CONSERVwTION AND EMVIgONYENTIL wiGwlll$ HONOLULU. MI1WAll 9EE09 CONSERVATION AMD RESOURCES ENPoRCEYEMT CONVEYwNCES March 8 , 19 89 FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE lwO MANAGEMENT STATE MRI[S WATER AMO NNO OEVELDFYENT Mr. Duane Kanuha Acting Planning Director • Planning Department County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Dear Mr. Kanuha: Attention: Mr. Rodney Nakano SUBJECT: Historic Preservation Review of Revised Archaeological Data Recovery Report (Roseadahl S Delimont 1988. Additional Analysis of Portable Remains: Site 2005. PHRI.) Kdmisugl Puaa, North Rona, Hawaii TMK• 7-5-9.23 We have received a copy of this revised report and all of our recommended revisions have been included. Thus, we believe archaeological data recovery can be considered completed, with the preservation of Feature A of site 2005. S' cerely yours, TO NAGATA S a e arks Administrator and Deputy to a Historic Preservation Officer Cc: PHRI tE °F A~ • PETER T. OUN~ IJNDA UNCLE y ~ I, s a ~ CNUPPEPSON SDARD OF LWO AND NATURAL PESWPCES GOVEPNOR OF HAWAII COMMSSgN ON WATER RESOURCE MANaGEMENi } DAN DAVIDSON 3 DEPUTY DIRECTOR~iAND / ~a`yd End /VEi' ~~e']pyaAq~*~ DE°UTY DRECTOR?WAiEP ICl•` .4 a, o,^F, aOUAnC RESOURCES g L RCATING AND OCFiW RECPEA'ION C ~ 9UPEAU OF ANVEYANCES G STATE OF HAWAII COMMISSION ON WATEF'nESOUPCE MANAGEMENt CONSERVATION AND COASTAL LINOS DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES coNSEPVanoNANO PESOUaDES ENFORCEMENT ENGINEERING s~ ~ HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION HSRORIC PRES RVATION ~We ofHaN KAKUHIHEWA BUILDING, ROOM 555 NAMOOUWEIGIAND RESEPVE COMMISSION 601 KAMOKILA BOULEVARD ware a°R~s KAPOLEI, HAWAII 96707 June 23, 2004 ' Dr. Paul Rosendahl LOG NO: 2004.1933 PHRI DOC NO: 040GP:~I07 22~ ~Iaianue^.ue Ave..^.ue Hilo. Hawaii 96720 Dear Dr. Rosendahl: SUBJECT: Chapter GE-42 Historic Preservation Review Third Draft Report (2367-052404): "Data Recovery Plan for Site 50-10-28-2005 Feature A and Associated Cultural Deposit" (Corbin 2004) Pua'a 1" ,North Kona, Hawaii Island T'V : (3) 7-5-09:3 Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on the subject plan, which was received in our office May 26, 2001. This is the third draft report, which was prepared for Mr. Tony Nee of Bou Trading Company. The current revisions were made to respond to the comments in our review letter of April 27, 2004 (Log No 2004.1291; Doc. No. 0404PM10). Attached to your letter is a copy of our last set of comments and a summary of your responses. W'e believe that you made a eood faith effort to address the comments in our last review- letter on the data recovery plan for Site 50-10-28-2005. We had some minor questions concerning one of the research goals and the sampling design. Research Goals Your response to our last comments on research goals indicates that the shellfish remains described in the Rosendahl 1988 report should not have been characterized as "weathered," even though the midden from the earlier work could not be found to confirm this. You have reasoned that the midden would not be weathered because it was found above a possible pavine and if the shell is in fact part of a natural deposit it would be highly unusual to find such a deposit above a cultural layer. We don't asree with this sweeping generalization because inter-stratified natural and cultural deposits are found in the archaeological record, although perhaps not so often in Hawai' i as other places. The eoal is to determine whether the shell is part of a till deposit. u RECE4VED JUG! 2 g ZO%~ Dr. Paul Rosendahl Page 2 - Field Procedures The revised report indicates aereement with our previous recommendation to excavate six I x 2 meter units, which we believed would be more likely to provide the required amount of shell and would, in addition, provide a better basis for establishing the temporal-functional relationships between the upper and lower deposits and characterizing the primary residence that is the subject of the first research goal. This third revised plan meets with our approval. If any questions should arise during the course of the data recovery excavations, please contact our Hawaii Island archaeologist, Patrick McCoy. at 692-8029, or assistant Hawaii Island archaeologists, Mary Anne Maigret, at 327-3690. Aloha, / y ~J IJ c~CL/ ~!G `~/LlG9L iZE'. J P. Holly McEldowney, Administrator / State Historic Preservation Division PM: sky c Chris Yuen, County of Hawaii Planning Department Kai Emler, County of Hawaii Department of Public Works TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT for the KE KAI ALII CONDOMINIUM ON ALIT DRIVE C= M. YRn'%a j~~!Cc'N3EG PRO-ESSiO!VAL I1 ENGINcER rt \ iVc. 3+^:93-C / ~ THIS WORK WAS' REPARED BY ME OR UNDER SUPERVISION Expiration Date: 4/30/04 , BY: M&E Pacific, Inc. 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Telephone: (808)961-2776 Faz: (808)935-5934 November 10, 2003 i „ ~ i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Project Description 1 Existing Conditions 4 Existing Roadways 4 Traffic Volumes 5 Traffic Forecasts 7 Ambient Traffic Forecast 7 Project Generated Traffic 9 Total Forecast Volumes 11 Leve! of Service Anal~~sis 11 r Conclusions 19 Figures: Figure 1 Location Map 2 Figure 2 Schematic Plan of Two Parking Levels 3 Figure 3 Existing 2003 Traffic Volumes 6 Figure 4 Ambient 2005 Traffic Forecast 12 Figure 5 Project Generated Traffic Assignment Forecast 13 Figure 6 Total With Project 2005 Traffic Forecast 14 Tables: Table 1 Trip Generation-and-Distribution Summary - - 10 - - Table 2 Level of Service Analysis 16 i ~ • i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.} Page No. Appendices: Appendix A Traffic Turning Movement Counts Appendix B Traffic Calculations - Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service (LOS) Calculations TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS REPORT for the KE KAI ALIT CONDOMINIUM ON ALIT DRIVE A mixed use residential condominium and retail project is being planned on Alii Drive in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. This report documents a study that was conducted to identify the traffic impacts of the proposed project and to recommend any mitigating measures. PROJECT DESCRIPTION A condominium project with 68 residential units and 15,000 square feet of commercial area is being proposed on Alii Drive in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii. The project site .s on a 1.~± acre parcel ,dent,f;ed as Tax lw4ap Key (3)7-5-0~: 23. The project site is mauka of Alii Drive and south of the Coconut Grove Market Place, as shown on Figure 1. The proposed project is expected to be occupied in about two years. The proposed project would include 68 residential units in four stories above two parking decks. There would be about 15,000 square feet of commercial area on these two parking decks. The retail mix is expected to include about 10,000 square feet of sundry retail stores aimed toward the visitor market and a 5,000 square foot restaurant. The lower level parking deck would have 93 parking stalls for the residents and would be accessed from the north driveway. The upper parking level would have 47 parking stalls for the commercial space customers and would be accessed from the south driveway. A schematic plan of tpe two parking levels is shown on Figure 2. Three roadway intersections on Alii Drive in the vicinity of the project site were studied for traffic impacts. The Hualalai Road intersection is about one-half mile north while the Walua Road intersection is about one-fifth mile to the south V To Keai Ke eheh Pa~ar~ - a.,al PI tea. a. 5~` PROJECT ~ ~dy~ ' aon d~ SITE on y y.,~-., pla a~~ ~ - S81'Ona p`O' ';`L " O 1 y - Hualalai°' ~cy I_ m - ~ m c ad'*.. ~ o s m c m m m Rq- x 'ti, o s u s m.~, o c~ m e m m C~ m R W 7.y~ .Y N ' ; z3 ~ ~ ~ z Kawena Kakalinag ~ .m .o m Aloha Kona Dr Pow--=--- t, { I I ~ ~ o a ona Dr~~m~.~ a - ~ t l t 'K~~`' Nani Kailua Dr ~ - ~ ~ `,Kamaaina 'S" Or~ ~ ~ ~'-Y',Yi 3i ~i YI Kailua-Kona ~ Ha~e.~~---~ -~.~,~f-,o ~ ~~~~z= , s d~ - m : - t ~ y z m l \ 't - ,Luna ule~, N Ong Purneh a ; ' ~ m• ~ ' i x d ~ ~ I " ' ~ s x fix } ` i ~ i i f ' ~ I Q c ~ v , ~ ~ ~ j 3 ~ I - i ~ ~ ~ i F x e ~ a~a~~ _ i f ~ ~ ~ ~ i z ~ ~ y6 ~ d ~ Q ~ - 1 dr-r~- w.c ¢I 'd o a m ~.~d ~t Y t ~a~a~st n,~a~1` ~ ,1 FAG, o~a~. Y?ja, v~~r~n~~dG. e/a(o,ha/ S .Study Intersections FIGURE 1 LOCATION MAP 2. • ecc I i i ~ ~ l ccc 15.1 I I~ I I ~ I i I I•; ~I ~ i c r~ru~ eru~ R~iAI ~ _ _ _ - - - 93 PARKING SPACES o en' an• (9 COMPACT ) LEVEL B1 PARKING /RETAIL LEVEL ccc ccc ~ ~~,~0 CC 6 ~ b S b I I I weer ~ m aeraa r~ru~ _ i r - RETM g 'h(IJ r--~ I RE7AN. - I ~ I eaoV~ ~ _ ~ r ~I o cn' Rn' 47 PARKING SPACES (8 COMPACT) (4 ACCESSIBLE) LEVEL 01 PARKING RETAIL LEVEL FIGURE 2 • • of the project site. The Kahakai Street and Coconut Grove Market Place access road intersection is located immediately north of the project site. These three intersections are identified on Figure 1. EXISTING CONDITIONS A survey of the existing roadway and traffic conditions on Alii Drive was made. Existing Roadways Alii Drive is a two-lane collector road that runs along the shoreline from Kailua- Kona to Keauhou. It is the makai of three north-south routes that run through Kailua-Kona. The roadway serves mostly non-residential, visitor-oriented land uses from the harbor to Walua Road, where multi-family residential buildings L.nnin . M ?4.n n ~.FL. A C: h.:. ..~....1 F... 4 G L. M... ...I I:....;L ucynl w appeal w uro avuul. nw ~nvc IS pvatcu Ivl lu nwc Flel uuw apecu unut from the harbor to Walua Road. The speed limit increases to 30 miles per hour south of Walua Road. Hualalai Road is an east-west roadway that intersects Alii Drive from the mauka side about one-half mile north of the project site. This two lane roadway provides access to the mauka regions of Kailua-Kona. This intersection is an all-way stop with all approaches stop sign controlled. Kahakai Road intersects Alii Drive at a skew angle from the makai side immediately north of the project site. This two lane roadway serves makai properties that may not be directly connected to Alii Drive. The Kahakai Road approach is stop sign controlled. Right turns from Kahakai Road onto Alii Drive are prohibited. The two lane access roadway into the Coconut Grove market Place is located across the street from Kahakai Street. Walua Road intersects Alii Drive at a skew angle from the mauka side about 1000 feet south of the project site. The two lane Walua Road continues in a southwest to northeast direction to connect with Kuakini Highway. The Walua Road approach is stop sign controlled. Traffic Volumes Traffic turning movement counts were taken at the three study intersections on September 10 and 11, 2003, after public schools had returned from summer vacation. Traffic counts were taken during the morning (6:30 to 8:30 a.m.)and afternoon (3:30 to 5:30 p.m.) peak periods. Traffic turning movement counts require traffic surveyors to station themselves by each study intersection and record each vehicle movement as through or turning movements by 15 minute intervals. The worksheets for the traffic counts are included in the Appendix. The resultant peak hour movements are summarized on Figure 3. Traffic volumes over five vehicles per hour (vph) are rounded to the nearest five. The dominant direction of travel on Alii Drive is northbound in the morning peak and southbound in the afternoon peak. The State Department of Transportation takes traffic counts every two years at selected roadway sections on Hawaii. One of these count stations is at the Alii Drive/Hualalai Road intersection (Station 8-M). Traffic counts were available for four years: 1994, 1996, 1998 and 2002. The following data shows the historical trend of two-way daily traffic on the south leg of Alii Drive: 1994 11,900 1996 11,010 1998 14,050 2002 13,060 Daily two-way traffic volumes for the south leg of Alii Drive show an 8% decrease from 1994 to 1996, a 27% increase from 1996 to 1998, and subsequent 7% decrease from 1998 to 2002. Overall, there was a 1.2% annual increase for the 1994 to 2002 period and a 3.1 % increase from 1996 to 2002. • 1 1 0 0 > d a Y Y ~ ~ f 0 p O ~ p G O ~ o ~ ~ o a 2 ~ a Q 1 j ~ ~ OL J ~ i 9l J i 5E 7 ~ 0 54 7 ~ ~ M ~ w w ~ ~ ~ m ~ ? ~ > N o a ~ a a ¢ J O Q ~ z ~ ~ ~ U w ooM 0 ~ w ooo~ p Q~Q ~ ~ OQ ro~ r Q 2. OU t Ol Y O LL M Fj W O L J i r~ Y Q ~ t- O L J i t ~ Q ~ ~ w O~ ~ ~o~~n d Z ~ooo d o C~ Og S Z !`r'N ~ pa S 7 ~ N LL Q U ~ d Z H N X W w w > > ~ ~ 0 0 a a °a N~ ° ~ ~ Q 1 Q 1 OOZ ti i J 98Z J i 09 7 0' 4 OL 7 0 0 Y O p ~ r 1 1 i • ~ i TRAFFIC FORECAST The proposed project is expected to be occupied in about two years. Therefore, traffic forecasts were prepared for a two year period. Ambient traffic on the Alii ~ Drive can be expected to increase due to regional growth and new projects in the area during this two year period. The traffic that would be generated from the proposed project was then added to the ambient traffic forecast to obtain the total with project traffic forecast. Ambient Traffic Forecast Ambient traffic growth in the study area consisted of two components: general traffic growth and traffic from other new projects in the area. TF1e h;.otOrlCol nrC ~nhh rate of traff,c ~:~a$ ~iged t~ f`nrerac4 general ^yro::rth The y. observed traffic growth rate of 3.1 % on the south leg of Alii Drive from 1996 to 2002 was assumed for the general growth rate. The current through volumes on Alii Drive from Figure 3 were increased by 6.2%. The increase in hourly trips during each analysis period in each direction of travel at the Kahakai Road/Coconut Grove Market Place roadway intersection is shown below: Southbound Northbound AM Peak Hour 19 34 PM Peak Hour 30 31 To the general growth volumes were added traffic that would be generated by several new projects in the area. These project included: o Kona Hawaiian Village (270 time share units) o Kona Sea Ridge (137 units) o Alii Cove (200 units) 0 75 additional condominium units on vacant lots along Alii Drive 0 80 room hotel and 40,000 square feet retail area on Walua Drive o Hualalai Village on Hualalai Road(100 units) o Pu'aa elderly housing on Hualalai Road o Apartment building on Hualalai Road (164 units) • i The traffic forecasts from the following Traffic Impact Analysis Reports (TZAR) were used (and extended if it did not include this report's study area) to forecast the hourly morning and afternoon volumes that would be generated from the above projects and traveling through the study intersections: o Phillip Rowell and Associates, Inc., "TZAR for Alii Cove Condominiums TMK(3)7-5-18:08 in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii" (October 7, 2002) o M&E Pacific, Inc., "TZAR for a proposed 270 unit Time Share Condominium in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii" (May 1999) o M&E Pacific, Inc., "TZAR for the UofN BENCORP Development, First Revision" (August 5, 2003) However, only half the number of trips was included in the foecast for two reasons. The first was to account for those units in the above projects already occupied and whose trips are included in the traffic counts. Second, some of these projects are not expected to be fully built and occupied within the two year forecast period. The increase in hourly trips during each analysis period in each direction of travel at the Kahakai Road/Coconut Grove Market Place roadway intersection is shown below: Southbound Northbound AM Peak Hour 66 85 PM Peak Hour 86 78 The two sets of volumes were combined and the resultant ambient traffic forecast is shown on Figure 4, with volumes over five vph rounded to the nearest five. The traffic volumes generated by the new projects are higher than the general growth volumes. The combined ambient growth rates (ambient over existing) forecast for the two year period in each direction of travel at the Kahakai Road/Coconut Grove Market Place roadway intersection are shown below: • Southbound Northbound AM Peak Hour 25% 20% PM Peak Hour 20% 20% Project Generated Traffic The traditional procedure of trip generation, distribution, and assignment was used to forecast the number of trips that would be generated by the proposed project, the distribution of these trips, and the specific intersection turning movements that would be utilized. The trip generation step forecasts the volume of vehicle trips that would be generated by the proposed project during the two analysis periods. The Institute of Transportation Engineers Trip Generation Handboak (Sixth Edition, 1997) has trip generation equations or rates to calculate the number of AM and PM peak hour trips that would be generated by various land uses. The handbook also provides the percentage of inbound and outbound trips in each peak hour. For a residential condominium/townhouse (land use code 230), the equations are: AM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.79Ln(X) + 0.298 PM Peak Hour Ln(T) = 0.827Ln(X) + 0.309 where, T =hourly trips produced; and X = number of condominium units. The 68 proposed residential condominium units are expected to generate 31 outbound and 6 inbound trips in the morning peak, and 30 inbound and 15 outbound trips in the afternoon peak. The trip generation analysis is summarized on Table 1. The trip generation rate for specialty retail (land use code 814) was used for the 15,000 square foot commercial area. The Trip Generation Handbook defines the • specialty retail land use as, "generally small strip shopping centers that contain a variety of retail shops and specialize in quality apparel, hard goods, and services such as real estate offices, dance studios, florists and small restaurants." The handbook shows a PM peak hour average rate of 2.59 trips per thousand square feet of gross leasable area. No rate is given for the AM peak; therefore, half of the PM peak hour rate was assumed for the AM peak hour, assuming that restaurants or offices were open for business. The trip generation forecast for the commercial area is summarized on Table 1. The commercial area is not expected to generate a large number of motor vehicle trips since a large number of walk-in trips can be expected due to the project's location in avisitor-oriented area. TABLE 1 TRIP GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION SUMMARY Analysis Trip Generation Trip Distribution Trip Distribution Period Direction Tri s North South Percent Number Percent Number AM Residential Total 38 Inbound (17% 6 60 4 40 2 Outbound 83% 31 60 18 40 12 Retail Total 19 Inbound 52% 10 60 6 40 4 Outbound 48% , 9 60 6 40 3 PM Residential Total 45 Inbound 67% 30 60 18 40 12 Outbound 33% 15 60 10 40 5 Retail Total 39 inbound 43% 17 60 10 40 7 Outbound 57%) 22 60 12 40 9 The trip distribution step divides the generated trips by directions of travel to/from the project site. Based on the traffic counts from the Alii Lani Subdivision shown in the "Traffic Impact Analysis Report fora 32 Unit Condominium on Alii Drive" (July 9, 2003) prepared by M&E Pacific, Inc., both the residential trips and commercial trips were assumed to have a 60% north/40% south distribution. The I trip distribution percentages and resultant volumes ars summarized on Table 1. i • • i The trip assignment step assigns the distributed trips as turning movements to the study intersections. The project generated trips at the Alii Drive/Hualalai intersection were split 50% to Alii Drive and 50% to Hualalai Road, based on current traffic volumes at the intersection. The trips generated through the Walua Road intersection were split 90% to Alii Drive and 10% to Walua Road. The residential-generated trips were assigned to the north project driveway while the commercial-generated trips were assigned to the south project driveway. The results of the trip assignment procedure for the proposed project are graphically shown on Figure 5. The traffic volumes are not rounded. Total Forecast Volumes The project generated volumes from Figure 5 were added to the ambient traffic forecasts from Figure 4 to obtain the total with project traffic forecasts shown on Figure 6. Traffic volumes over five vph are rounded to the nearest five for the five study intersections. I ' LEVEL OF SERVICE ANALYSIS The concept of level of service is used to quantify the quality of traffic flow on roadway facilities. The Transportation Research Board has developed procedures to calculate level of service value(s) by measuring traffic volumes against the capacities of different types of roadway facilities. Their HiQhwav Capacity Manual 2000 (HCM2000) describes the various procedures developed for freeways, highways, signalized and unsignalized intersections, etc. A comparison of levels of service for the different forecast scenarios can give an indication of the traffic impacts of ambient traffic growth and the proposed project. The procedure used for analyzing unsignalized intersections calculates vehicle delays and levels of service based on the distribution of gaps in trafFc on the major street and driverjudgement in selecting gaps through which to execute turns. For two way stop intersections where only the minor street traffic is ~ • • i r 0 i o Q I Y w V Y ~ ~ ~ Q Q V Q Q V Q O O ~ O~ Z Q Q 1 ~ Q ~ 1 Ol t ~,i 5t .ttit 05 Z ~ Op ~L 1 Y1 ~ ~ n ~ w w ~ ~ y N ~ > r j I- ~ O Q O ~ W y a ¢ ~ ~ W a ¢ °a °a O ~ ~ o ~ ~ o ~ o ~ ~ U o'a ~ r 5L a = mho r o~ $ ~ LL v 0 ~ a ~ ~ Y c~7 i l C Y ~ a' ~W Ol 1 titr Q OL S~tr Y Q H ~ oQ ~ ~o~N a o~ z -•NO~ a c U~ 5 7 Q U~ 5 1 m rL N a ~ z W m Q > w ~ ~ o ~ J J Q Q Q n ~ ~ 0 N V 0 N 7 ~ ~ 'J 1 1 Q 05Z ? t ~ Q Ob£ J i J Q 59 7 0° Q SL 1 0 2 ~ N = ~ ~ J Q Q O Y ~ o 1 1 ~ • • I } ~ o _m w a In Y W Y ~ O w ~ O ~ O O Q Z ~ m ~ r Q Q ~ 1 < 1 3 t t ~Q z z N y Q U VN W 1 1 ~ E 1 ti 1 - LL 6 ? i ~ w y 8 7 0~ F hl .1 om W w v 2 ~ ~ ~ i ~ w G7 a NcD ~ ~ c~vv M 1 ~ a , ~ Q W 8t 7~ o O Q OL 1 0 o Q Q LL a a ~ t7 $ ~ ~ ~ p ~ o~ N = Q N z d H ~a t $ 1 Y d a ~ ~w t t W UQ Q Of o p~ ~ U F. U w ~ > ~ ~ c O o ~ a a Q • ~ N Q ~ ~ J 1 a 1 ~ 9 1 t Q 4l J 1 Q ~ ~ ~ Q v x ~ x J Q J Y Y O ~ r 1 1 • f 1 o 0 ~ y y W ~ it O !n p O a Q ' ~ ~ our Z a " `D a ~ Q 1 Q 1 ~ 3 OL 1 SL 1 ~ t OS 7 ~ o OL 7 ~ vp °c°c~o ~ v; H ~ ~ v o y r Q ^'1 ~i U S h t OL 1 i W y S 1 ~ y 5l 7°~ ~ ~ ~ U w w LL ~ ~ N~ ° Q a tY' a ~ ii Ol 1^~1 = -g J «,t = O ~ W oz 7 P~ p Y Ol I m o p Y N Q' v ~ W ~-o ~ d U d W W o x ~ ~ >w a Q ww °N° ~ o ¢ a p ~°a r Sl a o'Q r of a ~ C~ y 1 y 1 Y d w Oa l ~°°o O~ z To'r'o CpU7 ~ S 7 ~ V N D a S Z N O ~ J U ~ Q H > H ~ ~ p O J J a a p O O p O O N C O N V ~ ~ 1 ar Q ~ l a ~ SCJ~. .1 "l t Q ~SF. 1 "t t j 59 7 ° u~ a SL ~ u~ _ ~ ry = ~ ~ = Q Q Q ~ ~ Q~ ~ Y Y ~ p F 1 1 14. ~ • • i controlled by a stop sign, levels of service are calculated for the critical turning movements including outbound movements from the stop-controlled approach, and left turns from the main road to the minor road. The procedure does not calculate an overall intersection level of service. For all way stops where each incoming approach is controlled by a stop sign, levels of service are calculated for each approach and the intersection as a whole. The Hiohway Capacity Manual defines the relationship between level of service and delay (in seconds/vehicle) as shown below: Level of Service Delav (SecondsNehiclel I ~ A <10.0 ~ B 10.1 to 15.0 ~ ~ 15.1 to 25.0 D 25.1 to 35.0 E 35.1 to 50.0 F >50.1 Levels of service A to E are considered acceptable for unsignalized intersections. Level of service F (with average delays longer than 50 seconds) is considered undesirable for unsignalized intersections and would indicate the need for mitigation. The results of the level of service analyses are summarized on Table 2. The existing, ambient forecast and total with project forecast levels of service and delay for the three study intersection are placed side-by-side so that changes in levels of service can be identified. Only the total with project forecast levels of service and delay are shown for the two proposed project driveways which do not currently exist. The Alii Drive/Hualalai Road intersection has an all-way stop so that levels of service were calculated for each approach and the intersection as a whole. The intersection is currently at level of service D during the morning peak and level F during the afternoon peak. The northbound approach of Alii Drive has the 75. ~ • ~ M N O~ O~ N M N M ~ M m N e r r Q ~ O O ~ O m ~ O ~ W ~ m O Q1 O (D N M N I- O ~ O LL W LL ¢ m¢¢ m¢ m¢ n¢ o U o 0 r _ o ' OH `0 ~D^MM ON.-N ~N OM.-M ~ ^ O O ~ 01 m ~ O M W r R ' S W ~ V N ~ N N Y - Q m a C7 m r ~ N° o° r m ? w Zfl ~nNr-a o~o~m r~ H m ~ LL Q LL W ¢ n Q¢ m¢ w0 N ~ c- O~ m M r M m~ V~ V O V N ' (n Q~ mN~ r M~rn~ ~rn a° r~N° H ~ ~ O LL U LL U O m Q Q m¢ m¢ m Q U n U m ~ Q U Q ~ N N W = f0 W M~ o] N V M O~ V O r OJ y W CJ OSZ ~ oroo~co M V'aj~ via; co~ooa ~ U m~ ¢ m~ M N ~ o W d ¢ O N y LL U LL U ~ m Q Q m¢ U m U n C J LL ¢ ~ ~ ~ J ornrr °co~~ o° ~ m W cp ~ J ~ W O ~ U W m Q n Q Q m¢ p O 4. ~ ~ U ~ ~ o m m ~ ¢ m m m } ~ m w w o~ n. Q ~ U ~ w U U ~ J y ~ Q Q ~ Q Q O K~.J j~., ~ ~ v _dO -o ~ `m m OQ n w Z y m O y u _ ~ ~ y ~ m ~ m ~ L a~mm Y~ ~0mm Qom UQ y Oa y Jinn O 2 ~O~ S=x00 J O app` O dp` Q ~°O~ ~ Q ~ S Q Q w Y~ Q Q w~ Q W d Q w d Q W S Q Q W ~ ~ ~ J > ~ ~ ~ ~ O D O W ~ - - - _ Z Q Q Q Q ¢ Q 16. highest volumes and the worst levels of service. The current level of service F condition is evidenced by the long queues on the northbound approach of Alii Drive during the midday, afternoon and evening periods. The additional traffic volumes forecast for the ambient conditions will have an adverse impact at this intersection. The overall intersection level of service in the morning peak is forecast to change from level D to F, and delays would increase from 31 to 81 seconds/vehicle. The afternoon peak level of service would remain ~ at level F, but the delay would increase from 52 to 117 seconds. Almost all the impact would be on the northbound approach of Alii Drive. The delay during the morning peak would increase from 45 to 134 seconds, and the afternoon delay would increase from 71 to 173 seconds. Traffic generated by the proposed project would have a much smaller impact at this intersection when comparing the ambient and total with project forecasts. The morning peak overall delay would increase from 81 to 95 seconds, and the afternoon peak delay from 117 to 133 seconds. Again, most of this increase in delay would be on the northbound approach of Alii Drive. The above analysis indicates the need for mitigating measures at the Alii Drive/Hualalai Road intersection to meet current and ambient traffic forecast demands. Two alternative measures include signalizing the intersection or widening the northbound approach to two lanes, one through and one right turn lane. Widening the roadway would bring levels of service to acceptable conditions, as shown at the bottom of Table 2. For the ambient forecasts during both peak periods, the overall intersection and northbound approach levels of Service would improve from level F to C. For the total with project forecast, the level of service would improve to level C in the morning peak and level C in the afternoon peak. Table 2 shows the levels of service on each critical turning movement for each of the other unsignalized intersections. The critical movements at the Alii Drive/Kahakai Road/Coconut Grove Market Place access road intersection include the outbound movements from the side streets and the two left turn movements from Alii Drive into the side streets. There are only two critical movements at the Alii Drive/Walua Road intersection, the outbound movement from Wafua Road and the southbound left turn from Alii Drive. Both project access roads also have the same two critical movements. The results on Table 2 show that both the Alii Drive/Kahakai Road and Alii Drive/Walua Road intersections would continue to operate at acceptable levels of service with the total with project forecast conditions. The only large change in level of service takes place for the Kahakai Road approach that decreases from a current level of service A in the morning peak to level D for the ambient forecast. However, level of service D is still considered acceptable with no need for mitigation measures. This would indicate that the increase in ambient and total with project forecast volumes would not have an adverse traffic impact at these intersections. The outbound movement for the proposed project driveway is forecast to operate at level of service B in both peak periods, indicating very acceptable conditions. The left turn movements into both sets of driveways are forecast to be level of service A in both peak periods, indicating very acceptable conditions. This would indicate that mitigating measures are not required for the proposed project driveways. The proposed north project driveway will be about 20 feet from the Coconut Grove Market Place access roadway. The level of service methodology does not measure the impact of traffic interaction between closely spaced driveways. However, the traffic volumes using both driveways are sufficiently low that traffic operational problems should not be expected. 18. ~ • • i I CONCLUSIONS The increases in ambient traffic due to new development projects in Kailua-Kona are forecast to have an adverse impact on the Alii Drive/Hualalai Road intersection. Mitigation in the form of widening the northbound approach of Alii I Drive would improve traffic operations to acceptable levels. The proposed project would generate a small number of trips that would add to the cumulative I traffic impact but would not adversely affect traffic. I I I 19. • • I APPENDIX A TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNTS • TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT Ke Kai Alii Condominium/Retail Project Hualalai Road 3 4 LOCATION: Alii Drive/Hualalai Road Intersection DATE: September 10, 2003, Wednesday TIME: 630a-8:30a/330p-5:30p 2-----^ ^_____5 WEATHER: dear 1_____> c____6 RECORDER: R. niberts Alii Drive TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL O.JU-0.45a L4 O 6 2 1 L I 55 127 6:45-7:OOa 31 7 6 31 26 47 148 7:00-7:15a 47 4 10 43 39 73 216 7:15-7:30a 36 3 4 27 45 64 179 7:30-7:45a 42 7 14 58 55 97 273 7:45-8:OOa 60 2 11 46 47 90 256 8:00-8:15a 58 13 15 33 73 99 291 8:15-8:30a 54 7 18 64 48 81 272 6:30-8:30a 352 43 84 323 354 606 1762 7:30-8:30a 214 29 58 201 223 367 1092 3:30-3:45p 108 12 19 48 54 81 322 3:45-4:OOp 83 16 12 69 39 62 281 4:00-4:15p 104 16 25 67 53 85 350 4:15-4:30p 98 11 15 58 52 82 316 4:30-4:45p 97 12 14 86 40 87 336 4:45-5:OOp 109 9 17 72 43 88 338 5:00-5:15p 78 14 16 70 45 73 296 5:15-5:30p 94 18 15 70 49 69 315 3:30-5:30p 771 108 133 540 375 627 2554 4:00-S:OOp 408 48 71 283 188 342 1269 • I I TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT COUNT Ke Kai Alii CondominiumlRetail Project ~ Coconut Grove Marketplace LOCATION: Alii Drive/Kahakai Road 7 g g DATE: September 11, 2003, Thursday To Waimea ~ ~ ~ To Keauhou TIME: 6:30a-8:30a/3:30p-5:30p V WEATHER: Gear 1 10 RECORDER: T. Lemansky (Movements t-s) Alii Drive 2 11 R. Alberts (Movements 7-12) 3 ---V y___ 12 ^ 4 5 6 Kahakai Road TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOT n,nn n, w ~ C o.JU-o.45 0 44 1 1 0 0 0 2 67 0 115 6:45-7:00 3 58 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 78 0 144 7:00-7:15 3 41 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 6 112 0 167 7:15-7:30 0 50 6 2 1 0 1 0 1 4 105 2 172 7:30-7:45 4 77 10 2 0 0 0 0 1 7 i19 0 220 7:45-8:00 0 87 5 3 0 0 2 0 5 10 157 2 271 8:00-8:15 0 59 7 5 0 0 5 0 6 7 159 0 248 8:15-8:30 6 85 5 4 0 0 0 1 0 5 117 1 224 6:30-8:30 16 501 37 18 1 0 9 2 14 44 914 51561 7:30-8:30 10 308 27 14 0 0 7 1 12 29 552 3 963 TIME MOVEMENT NUMBER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 TOT 3:30-3:45 4 115 12 3 0 0 4 0 5 3 127 0 273 3:45-4:00 10 138 12 4 0 0 1 1 5 30 109 0 310 4:00-4:15 5 128 16 2 0 1 1 1 3 5 114 0 276 4:15-4:30 4 113 13 1 0 1 2 0 1 6 121 2 264 4:30-4:45 6 129 17 3 0 0 2 0 5 11 117 4 294 4:45-5:00 7 112 16 2 0 1 1 1 2 10 140 2 294 5:00-5:15 5 126 18 2 0 0 1 0 5 7 96 2 262 5:15-5:30 9 154 13 3 0 0 3 0 5 5 113 1 306 3:30-5:30 501015 117 20 0 3 15 3 31 77 937 11 2279 4:00-5:00 22 482 62 8 0 3 6 2 11 32 492 81128 ~ • • i TRAFFIC TURNING MOVEMENT GOUNT Ke Kai Alii Condominium/Retail Project Walua Road 3 4 LOCATION: nlii Drivenwalua Road intersection < > DATE: September ~o, 2003, Wednesday 2-----^ ~_-___5 TIME: 6:30a-8:30a/3:30p-530p 1-----> <____6 WEATHER: Ilea. Alii Drive RECORDER: t. ~emansky I IIVIE I IVIl7. VEIVI EIV 1 ~VUIJB ER PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL 6:30-6:45a 43 5 4 0 0 69 121 6:45-7:OOa 55 2 12 0 0 83 152 7:00-7:15a 46 9 8 2 0 85 150 7:15-7:30a 65 2 7 0 3 136 213 7:30-7:45a 87 9 6 3 1 138 244 7:45-8:OOa 65 10 14 0 1 165 255 8:00-8:15a 81 11 7 1 4 116 220 8:15-8:30a 85 8 9 4 2 114 222 6:30-8:30a 527 56 67 10 11 906 1577 7:30-8:30a 318 38 36 8 8 533 941 3:30-3:45p 113 8 11 1 1 96 230 3:45-4:OOp 122 13 14 4 5 125 283 4:00-4:15p 124 15 7 4 2 127 279 i 4:15-4:30p 157 13 14 3 1 121 309 4:30-4:45p 140 13 17 5 3 126 304 4-45-5:OOp 139 16 9 2 5 115 286 ~ 5:00-5:15p 136 15 11 3 3 117 285 5:15-5:30p 107 14 13 1 1 102 238 3:30-5:30p 1038 107 96 23 21 929 2214 4:00-5:OOp 560 57 47 14 11 489 1178 APPENDIX 8 TRAFFIC CALCULATIONS UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTION LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS) CALCULATIONS ; - ; - ; ,-Ti- r ; -r-; ; -r-~- ~-i j j TT-i% o I I~I ~I j ialm J die n I Iii JI I{ t y y I ~~I{I " I I i J I I 1 i 3 I~ l I .~I Y~`T „I I~~m ILL I try. ~,€le ~ ~ II ~ ~ I i ~ ~ ~ ' I fn 1m j H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u m x ~ ~ k xi~l p - ~ ~ ~ ~ CW ~ ~ ~ s = ~ '~rvi I m ~ i E V g i I~ 2~~i ~ ^gg ~ x e W' u " ~ ~ m 2I 5 18 R I€ ~ 3 E~~ e k g a 1 e ~tp ~ 3 el ~ . 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( C w' 7~ E ~ W o w N a W ~s ~ gSe~ ~ m p W: I ~ ~ t a u w ~ ~ ~ _ ~ € I ~ ~ ~ ~ g I 1 I ~ - w 0. a ~ I~3 I ~ Q 6 a I al; ~ ~I G ~ ~ e ~ w ~ n ~ g~ a @ 13. i PARCEL 23 Fbr Rezoning From "1-o RM-I To V-7S LAND SITUATED ON THE EASTERLY SIDE OF ALIT DRIVE AT PUAA 1sT., NORTH KONA, HAWAII. HAWAII BEING A PORTION OF ROYAL PATENT 215? LAND COMMISSION AWARD 4140 i TO KAMANAWA ' Beginning at a found pipe in concrete on the Westerly edge of a stonewall on the Easterh ~ side of Alii Drive, being also the Northwest comer of Lot 3-A and Road Easement. the coordinates of said point of beginnine referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAHELO"' hcine 4.615.'8 feet North and 1,369.05 feet West and running by azimuths measured clockwise from ~ True South: 1. 160° ? 1 " 00"' 317.7 leer along the Easterly side of Alii Drive to found pipe in concrete; 3. 36=° 0=" 00'~ 18?.81 feet along Lot 3 to a found pipe in concrete; 3. 347° 09' 00° 31534 feet along Lot 3-A and a 12-feet wide road easement to the point of beginning and containing an area of 1 .I 73 ucn, i C. ~pJ~ MO%, DON MCINTOSH SURVEYING. INC. O LICENSED ~ ~ ~ rROFESSIONAL Z Z LAND //~~j~' i SURVEYOR No. 4968 ~'9lq.,ytt SP~ Donald C. McIntosh. L. P. L. S. ==-?96K ~ Consultant-Planner, Developments Kailua-Kona. Ha~saii June 1, ?004 I I DON MCINTOSH SURVEYING, INC. TMK: (3) 7-~-0~~~~3 P. O. Bor >8 Kailua-Kona. Hawaii 967-t~-U0~3 JOB VO: ~z o~°io -.-.o,,~ ~ o om o m 4 ~ ~ / ~ £ ~ o , w o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 263 ° 03 ' 00 " m P ~ ~ o ~ n 182. 87 ,o O m a ~ n ~ m ¢ ~ ~ ° m ~ o ~ o ~ o ~ c _ z ~ F ,5i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a a o QO ~ _ one ~n ~ r, m ~ a fn QQo , O O D O O O ? I C U ~ 5 O cD N r m C ~ ~ tl ~ o~ m m + o n n ~ 4 C C ~ F > ro ~ ~ ~ 7 ~n 7' -a p D ? O u ~D Ti C ~ cD O \ n? I D 7 ~ D I (D ~ p ~ ~ 1 O ~L co v (n n o n ' r- n ~ ~ w 0 0 ~ _ w m q 0 ~ p m ~o o m o ~ `O n Ioo ` ~ ~ I: n ~ ~ u ~ y 1 N N 1T1 N v n j O . O N x ~ ~ ~ ~ -a ~ • n O r O O 7 I O ~ ~ n fTl ~ _ w ~ W p D o ~ ~ ~ ON ltl ~ ~ f ~ O Z ~'1 C ~ a O v N !D O~ J O Z m f Z ~ A ~P - < 4 ~ cn ~ O O (J~ ~ N (D O CD v, i ? -~,-+ONOC'' ~ Q-~ o a (p ~ O N A O N J N O C~ O ~ ~ T~ C CP ~ I n o -o 3 a ,o O 8q°30'00" Q ~ ~ ~ 45. q~ f ~o - _ _ t _ F ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] p ~ ~ C 1 O rJ o o a ~ ~ _ ~ ; ~ ~ n r, , ~ ti ~ ~w o ~ O ~ ~ w 0 t ~ n J N ~ ~T ~ ~ ti ~ ~ ] N -1 iC U r. O U V+ ~ w ~ D. rv o, O n o m tD ~ ~0~. b ~ A ~ tin ~ ~ ~ ~ o~°~ a m ~ rn _QQCC jj ~ , ~ a y`~ m Ci ~r l ip Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ` ~i ~ y ~ O .t ~ J~ O O O O~ m fj `a°, v, ° a ¢ 9 ~ ~ _ J o _ p N p .c r * S o~ o n~ ~ r ~n o r- D N * ~ " ~ ~ u r Q m `"$o~n c r z ~ N ~ o. ~ r- ego w o o ~ N'°' f G ~ C ,'a 0 0~ C N ~ f a n ~ o ~ v° 6 / r O~y' ID ~ U~ n?.o m 4 n1 N ° ~ 2 rv N •O C~ ~~S }°T j N Q S'.n O A ;MO NN'SO O J j ~ o o n ~J'~ J lO a ppp O O" ^ O A O ~ A ~ m~ ~ ~'m ~o p~ N Q J ~ ~ o n 3 rt u N~ ~ •o oD~ o n O A S ~ A j n o, 8 a o PROPERTY OWNERS WITHIN 300 FEET OF TMK NO: (3) 7-5-009-023 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-010 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-011 Kona Billfisher Condominiums Margaret M. K. Kobayashi, Trustee (Lessor) Recreational Time Share Hawaii 45-012 Oopuhue c/o Property Management Hawaii Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 77-6435 Kuakini Hwy. Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Pleasant Travel Service (Lessee) , 2830 Borchard Road Newbury Park, California 91320 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-013, 19 TMK No: (3) 7-5-009-014, 015 Tessa G. Dye, Trustee (Lessor) B. P. Bishop Trust Estate (Lessor) 1055 Ko'oho'o Place P. O. Box 3466 Kailua, Hawaii 96734 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 Pleasant Travel Service (Lessee) Olu Kai, Ltd. (Lessee) 2830 Borchard Road 75-5828 Kahakai Street Newbury Park, California 91320 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-016, 017 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-018 Olu Kai, Ltd. Evelyn S. Foo, Trustee (Lessor) 75-5828 Kahakai Street c;o MaryLou Woo, Trustee Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 91-590 Farrington Hwy, #210, Unit 303 Kapolei, Hawaii 96707 Olu Kai, Ltd. (Lessee) 75-5828 Kahakai Street Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-020 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-021 B. P. Bishop Trust Estate (Lessor) B. P. Bishop Trust Estate (Lessor) P. O. Box 3466 P. O. Box 3466 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 Woods Family Properties (Lessee) JYZ Partners, et al. (Lessee) Kona Seas Ltd. Partnership 75-5707B Alii Drive Margorie C. Williams Family Trust Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Pleasant Travel Service Robert T. Williams Trust Robert Tatman Williams Trust c/o B. P. Bishop Trust Estate P. O. Box 3466 Honolulu, Hawaii 96801 TMK No. {3) 7-5-009-022 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-025, 28 Cascavilla Properties LRG Real Estate LP (Lessor) Philip Cascavilla P. O. Box 306 Asa Charles Cascavilla Kamuela, Hawaii 96743 920 Tenison Memorial Road Dallas, Texas 75223 Anekona LLC (Lessee) 75-5751 Kuakini Hwy. #206 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 GM, LLC #34300184 c/o First American Commercial R E Svc. P. O. Box 167928 Irving, Texas 75016 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-026 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-027 State of Hawaii Eugene K. Gregory (Lessor) Department of Land and Natural Resources c/o Anekona LLC (Lessee) 75 Aupuni Street 75-5751 Kuakini Hwy. #206 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 GM, LLC #34300184 c/o First American Commercial R E Svc. P. O. Box 167928 Irving, Texas 75016 TMK: No. (3) 7-5-009-035, 037 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-039 County of Hawaii Ronald H. and Sandra H Hirata c/o Department of Public Works 75-5811 Melelina Street 101 Pauahi Street Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 TMK No. {3) 7-5-009-043 TMK No. (3) 7-5-009-046 Radcliffe Greenwell Florence V. Hind Hilton, Trustee (Lessor) Patricia G. Greenwell Trust Theone V. Hilton, Property Trustee (Lessor) P. O. Box 309 c/o Pleasant Travel Service (Lessee) Kamuela, Hawaii 96743 2830 Borchard Road Newbury Park, California 91320 .r o. William Takaba Harry Kim r~~~ ' Fnance Director Mayor ''W'M•'+ County of Hawaii DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE -REAL PROPERTY TAX Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi St, Suite 4 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4224 • Fax (808) 96I-8415 Appraisers (808) 961-8354 • Clerical (808) 961-8201 • Collections (808) 961-8282 75-5706 Kuakini Highway • Suite 1t2 • Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 • Fax (808) 327-3138 Appraisers (808) 327-3542 Clerical (808) 327-3540 REAL PROPERTY TAX CLEARANCE (rev. 07/99) T M K(s) : 3-7-5-009-023-0000 This is to certify that the real property taxes due to the County of Hawaii on the parcel(s) listed above have been paid up to and including 06-30-2004. This clearance was requested on behalf of KPC Villages LLC for the County Planning Department and is issued for this/these parcel(s) only. Sally J. Kaaiakamanu REAL PROPERTY TAX DIVISION D~ARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS • COUNTY OF HAWAII HILO, HAWAII DATE: January 5, 2005 Memorart~lurn ; TO Cli"ristopher J. Yuen, Planning Director ~ Planning Department FROM Galen M. Kuba, Division Chief /r , Q, Engineering Division SUBJECT Change of Zone Application (REZ 04-033) Applicant: KPC Villages, LLC Location: Puaa 15', N. Kona, HI TMK: 3 / 7-5-009:023 We reviewed the subject application and our comments are as follows: DRAINAGE 1, All development generated runoff shall be disposed of on-site and shall not be directed toward any adjacent properties. 2. The applicant shall be informed that if they include drywells in the subject development, an Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit may be required from the Department of Health, State of Hawaii. 3. A drainage study shall be submitted for approval, prior to issuance of a grading permit, and the recommended drainage system shall be constructed meeting with the approval of DPW. EARTHWORK 1. All earthwork and grading shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sediment Control, of the Hawaii County Cade. 2. The applicant shall comply with chapter 11-55, Water Pollution Control, Hawaii Administrative Rules, Department of Health, which requires an NPDES permit for certain construction activity. H ROADWAYS m 1. All driveway connections to a County road shall conform to Chapter 22, Streets = ~ and Sidewalks, of the Hawaii County Code. W 2. The Kailua Village Master Plan provides for a street connection from Alii Drive to Kuakini Highway and Queen Kaahumanu Highway, by an extension of Nani Kailua Drive called the Village Bypass. The southern side of the subject property has been identified as a preferred location for the alignment of the proposed street as ~~t~^~`;'~` Memorandum to PD ~ • January 5, 2005 Page 2 of 2 represented in the application (the property line corner radius may be reduced to 25 feet). The applicant should be required to reserve and upon request by the DPW, provide the right-of-entry, slope easements and the proposed right-off-way at no cost to the County to allow for construction of the proposed Village Bypass. Vehicular access to the future Village Bypass may be restricted to right-in and right-out movements, at the discretion of the DPW, by the inclusion of a center median divider in the County street. 2. Alii Drive, the County street fronting the subject property is classified as a collector street on the County's General Plan.. It has an approximate 20-ft. wide pavement with paved shoulders, within a substandard (approximate) 50-ft. right-of-way. Vehicular access to Alii Drive shall be limited to one approach. The applicant should be required to dedicate at no cost to the County, 5 feet of additional right- of-way width (exclusive of the driveway approach) along the frontage of Alii Drive in conformance with collector street standards. The additional right-of-way allows for one of several options including preserving existing parking, left turn lane installation or a transit vehicle loading zone. The applicant shall improve, at no cost to the County, the subject property frontage along Alii Drive consisting of, but not limited to, concrete curb, gutter and sidewalk, drainage improvements, street lights, signs, markings and any relocation of utilities; meeting with the approval of the DPW. Install street lights, signs and markings meeting with the approval of the DPW, Traffic Division. TRAFFIC 1. The TZAR dated November 10, 2004 concludes that, with or without the proposed project, the intersection of Hualalai Road with Alii Drive will not operate at an acceptable level of service. The report suggests widening Alii Drive at the intersection to provide a northbound right turn lane to mitigate that deficiency. Further study which considers pedestrian activity, need for property adjustments and community acceptance would be advised, making the suggestion questionable at this time. The TZAR does not address the intersection of Walua Road at Kuakini Highway which will also be impacted and is forecasted in other reports to be deficient as a result of ambient growth. 2. Any and all traffic control devices that are requested in the future, for said development, shall be designed and installed by the development at no cost to the County of Hawaii. These devices include but are not limited to crosswalks and other lane and pavement marking adjustments, warning and regulatory signs, ADA compliance items, flashing lights, streetlights and traffic signals. Should there be any questions concerning this matter, please feel free to contact Kiran Emler of our Kona Engineering Division office at 327-3530. KE copy: ENG-HILO/KONA PLNG-KONA `OJ~,TY Oi „'~7 i,µi j .n Harry Kim Barbara Bell Mayor r Director 'r° o~~""~ Nelson Ho Deputy Director C~nixnt~r >xf ~ttfuttii ~1~~ t~EC 7 n,r~ o j DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAC'".l"I~IENT k.i- 25 Aupuni S[reet, Room 210 • Hilo, Hawaii 967204252 ~+v'-! , (BOS) 961-8063 • Fax (608) 961-8066 ~ ` ~ MEMORANDUM Date December I, 2004 To CHRISTOPHER YL)~N, Planning Director m-- ~rj From : r BARB~)~ELL, Director SUBJECT: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (SMA 04-009) Request: Residential-Commercial Building with 68 Dwelling Units, 13,000 Square Feet of Retail Space, Pool, & Related Improvements Change of Zone Application (REZ 04-033) Request: RM-1 to V-.75 Applicant: KPC Villages, LLC TMK: 7-5-9:23 We have reviewed the subject application and offer the following recommendations: DEPARTMENT COMMENTS: WASTEWATER DIVISION: y ~'L~"~ ( ) N comments ( Require connection of existing and/or proposed structures to the public sewer in accordance with Section 21-5 of the Hawaii County Code. ( )Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in accordance with Section 23-85 of the Hawaii County Code. ( )Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21-26.1 of the Hawaii County Code. ( )Other: SOLID WASTE DIVISION: ~;y- ( ) No comments ( Commercial operations may not use transfer stations for disposal. ( Aggregates and any other construction/demolitionwrite should be reused to its fullest extent. ( )Ample room should be provided for recycling. ( Greenwaste maybe disposed of at the drop sites located at the Kailua and Hilo transfer stations, or other suitable diversion programs. OOther: ~u1L`+~tJ` SC4.11~ wwr~ri li#[•~I~lrlv~__T'~~1__~12L~-_l'ti iC \iAc-i~~yy (:+~i1:l;Lii~1.t~! ii/t1f-':. C~(;~>~~t.:.fi~ i LC~Ci.3). CC: 3WD, WWD 6499 Hawui'i CountyE~Hip~'uniry provider and employer. T qtr or rf?•~ %'"w4, Barbara Bell Director Harry Kim Mayor Loeo Tysoa • ,r•+~.` So(id Waste Division Chief ••Oi M County of Hawaii DEPARTMENT OF ENVIItONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 25 Aupuni Street. Roam 210 • Hilo, Hawaii %7204252 (808) %1-SOBS • Fa: (80S) 961-8086 October 13, 2003 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Guidelines INTENT AND PURPOSE This is to establish guidelines for reviewing solid waste management plans, for which special conditions are placed on developments. The solid waste management plan will be used to: (1) encourage recycling and recycling programs, (2) predict the waste generated by the proposed development to anticipate the loading on County transfer stations, landfills and recycing facilities, and (3) predict the additional traffic being generated because of waste and recyGing transfers. REPORT The consultant's report will contain the following: 1. Description of the project and the potential waste it may be generating: i.e. analysis of anticipated waste volume and composition. This includes waste generated during the construction and operational phases. Greenwastes will be included in this report for both construction grubbing and future operational landscape maintenance. 2. Description and location of the possible sites for waste disposal or recycling. We will not allow the use of the County transfer stations for any commercial development; commercial development as defined under the policies of the Department of Environmental Management, Solid Waste Division. 3. Since the Department of Environmental Management promotes recycling, indicate onsite source separation facilities by waste stream; i.e. source separation bins of glass, metal, plastic, cardboard, aluminum, etc. 4. Identification of the proposed disposal site and transportation methods for the various components of the waste disposal and recycling system, including the number of truck traffic and the route that truck will be using to transport the waste and recycled materials. 04/27/2005 15:41 FAA 981 8857 • DEPT WATER SUPPLY M/0 • @1001 nl r~rr~ aa1 J~. • g DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY COUNTY OF HAWAII 345 KEKOANAO'A S7HEE7, SUI7E 20 H140, HAWAII 98720 ~ NPN,,\1•~ TELEPHONE (BOB) 961-8050 FqX (BOB) 981.8657 April 27, 2005 TO: Mr. Christopher 7. Yuen, Planning Dtrector Planning Department _ _ _~-i FROM: Milton D. Pavao, Manager SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (12.EZ 04-033) , REQUEST: RNI-1 TO V-,75 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT, APPLICATION'~MA 04-009) REQUEST: RESIDENTIAL-COMMERCIAL BUILDING WITH 6~ DvVELLING UMTS, .13,000 SQUARE FEET OF RETAII:-~PA~'E~ POOL, AND RELATEDIMPROVEMENTS - APPLICANT - KPC VILLAGES, LLC TA7C MAP KEY 7-5.009:023 This memo shall supersede our memo dated December 28, 2004. The applicant has submitted water demand calculations prepared by its engineering consukant.. Based on an estimated average daily water demand of 28,990 gallons per day, a total of 73 equivalent units (eu) of water (at 400 gpd per eu) is required for the proposed residential and commercial project. Through participation in a previous waterline improvement project, the previous owners of the property secured a water commitment for 4$ equivalent units of water. With additional waterline improvements along Ali`i Drive, water can be made available for the entire project. Therefore, pursuant to the Department's "Rules and Regulations," a water cortunitment may be issued. Based on the 24 additional units of water, the required water commitment deposit is $3,600.00. In addition, an an~ount of $10,000.00 shall be remitted for the applicant's contribution towards replacing a 6-inch pipeline bottleneck with a 12-inch pipeline. Remittance of $13,600.00 from the applicant is requested as soon as possible so that a water commitment may be formally issued. The commitment will be in writing with specific cotKiitions and effective dates stated. Please keep in mind that this letter shall not be construed as a water commitment. In other words, unless a water commitment is officially effected, water availabi 'ty is subject to change, depending on the water situation. The applicant sltall prepare and submit an assignment of rights to transfer the 48 equivalent its of water in accordance with the Alii Drive Agreement from W & R, Inc. The assignment must be consented to by the Water Board in accordance with provisions of the agreement. ~ / / E IBIT I~UaEar brirc~a rro~reS~... The Department of Weser Supply k an Equal OppOrtuntry proultler aritl empipyel. 70 file a mmplaipl Of diacdmination. Wdte: USDA, Director Office Of Civil Rights, Roam 3:!6-W, WhlBen Builrnng, 141119nd Indepentl0~ee Avenue, SW, Waahingron OC 20250-9d10. Ol Call (202) 720-5804 (voiw and TDD) 04/27/2005 15:41 FA% 981 8857 DEPT WATER SLtPPLY M/0 (~j002 • • Mr. Christopher J. Yuen, Planning Director Page 2 Apri127, 2005 For the applicant's information, should the subject change of zone be approved, the follo~witlg are the DeparCment's requirements: 1. Construct necessary wrier system improvements, which shall include, but not be limited to: a. extending the existing 12-inch water main approximately 1,200 feet to from the subject parcel, and b. installation of a service lateral that will accommodate an appropriately sized meter to the development. Submit installation plans prepazed by a professional engineer, registered in the State of Hawaii, for review and approval- 2. Remit the prevailing facilities charge based upon 48 units from the Alii Drive Agreement of $1,400.00 and the other 25 (1 plus 24 additional) units, which is subject to change, of $.133,190.00, or a total of $134,590.00. This is due and payable upon completion of the installation ~f the required water system irnpmvements and prior tp water service being granted. 3. Submit the appropriate documents, properly prepared and executed, to convey the water system improvements and necessary easements to the Water Board of the County of TTawai`i. A registered land surveyor shall stamp and certify the metes and bounds description within the conveyance documents, should it be necessary. Prior to water service being granted, the Water Board shall accept the conveyance documents. 4. Comply with all other applicable policies and requirements crf the Departments Rules and Regulations. Noncompliance may be cause for voiding this water commitment, at which time availability will be subject to change in accordance with the prevailing water system conditions, policies, and Rules and Regulations. Should there be any questions, please call Ms. Shari Komata of our Water Resources and planning Branch at 961-8070, extension 252. S' rel yours, Milton avao, P.E. Maua r SHK:sco copy - Sandra P. Song, Esq. Mr. Tony C. Nee, KPC Villages,l,LC o Harry Kim " ~ Darryl J. Oliveira Mayor Fire Chief ot; ~y;' , _ Desmond K. Wery :;J I-",~ ~ Deputy Fire chief FIRE DEPARTMENT 25 Aupuni Street • Suite 103 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 (808) 961-8297 Fax (808) 961-8296 December 21, 2004 TO: CHRISTOPHER J. YUEN, PLANNING DIRECTOR FROM: DARRYL OLTVEIRA, FIRE CHIEF SUBJECT: SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION(SMA04-009) REQUEST: RESIDENTIAL-COMMERCIAL BUILDING WITH 68 DWELLING UNITS, 13,000 SQUARE FEET OF RETAIL SPACE, POOL, AND RELATED IMPROVEMENTS CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 04-033) REQUEST: RM-1 TO V-.75 APPLICANT: KPC VILLAGES, LLC TAX MAP KEY: 7-5-9:23 Fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10.207: "Fire Apparatus Access Roads "Sec. 10.207. (a) General. Fire appazatus access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section. "(b) Where Required. Fire appazatus access roads shall be required for every building hereafter constructed when any portion of an exterior wall of the first story is located more than 150 feet from fire department vehicle access as measured by an unobstructed route around the exterior of the building. "EXCEPTIONS: 1. When buildings aze completely protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system, the provisions of this section maybe modified. " 2. When access roadways cannot be installed due to topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades or other similaz conditions, the chief may require additional fire protection as specified in Section 10.301 (b). ~ . , l~, ~ptl Cp~~ ~~_i i t i i < EXHIBIT Hawni'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. r Christopher J. Yuen December 21, 2004 Page 2 " 3. When there are not more than two Group R, Division 3 or Group M Occupancies, the requirements of this section may be modified, provided, in the opinion of the chief, fire-fighting or rescue operations would not be impaired. "More than one fire appazatus road may be required when it is determined by the chief that access by a single road maybe impaired by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions or other factors that could limit access. "For high-piled combustible storage, see Section 81.109. "(c) Width. The unobstructed width of a fire appazatus access road shall meet the requirements of the appropriate county jurisdiction. "(d) Vertical Clearance. Fire appazatus access roads shall have an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches. "EXCEPTION: Upon approval vertical cleazance may be reduced, provided such reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs aze installed and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance. "(e) Permissible Modifications. Vertical cleazances or widths required by this section may be increased when, in the opinion of the chief, vertical clearances or widths aze not adequate to provide fire appazatus access. "(f) Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be provided with a surface so as to provide all- weather driving capabilities." (20 tons) "(g) Turning Radius. The fuming radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be as approved by the chief." (45 feet) "(h) Turnarounds. All dead-end fire appazatus access roads in excess of 150 feet in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the fuming azound of fire appazatus. "(i) Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as access under this section, it shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable sections of the Building Code and using designed live loading sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. "(j) Grade. The gradient for a fire appazatus access road shall not exceed the maximum approved by the chief." (15%) "(k) Obstruction. The required width of any fire apparatus access road shall not be obstructed in any manner, including pazking of vehicles. Minimum required widths and clearances established under this section shall be maintained at all times. "(1) Signs. When required by the fire chief, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads and prohibit the obstruction thereof or both." Christopher J. Yuen December 22, 2004 Page 3 Water supply shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10.301(c): "(c) Water Supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which buildings or portions of buildings aze hereafter constructed, in accordance with the respective county water requirements. There shall be provided, when required by the chief, on-site fire hydrants and mains capable of supplying the required fire flow. "Water supply may consist of reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or other fixed systems capable ofproviding the required fire flow. "The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of delivering the required fire flow shall be protected as set forth by the respective county water requirements. All hydrants shall be accessible to the fire department apparatus by roadways meeting the requirements of Section 10.207. Should water catchments be approved, all catchments tanks must be accessible to fire appazatus with fire dedicated connections. YL OLIVEIRA Fire Chief NA:cmj i E of RETER T.YOUNG ?r \ D , -I~ SWRD Of IA1A IJA N,1i11UL REEOIMCES LINDA LMGLE ° CONIRSSION pI WATER RESOURCE SURAGEIFM coYER++oR a luwui - I DRN DRVIDSON OEPUT'! HECTOR. LAM YYONNE Y. QU O~A'nR RR~ OEFVfY HECTOR -WATER "4-<,'-,'.; ~ ACRIATIC RESOURCES STATE OF HAWAII '~.TwcuoocEwRRECREA,an euREAUa cCNrErAN~Es p f f ' - OWMi5510R fN W/,TER RESOURCE MNMGEI.EM o _ DEPARTM~N7 OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES coRSERVeTar~uotoAStu w+os L' ~ ~ LAND DIVISION CONSERVATgR AND RESOURCESEKp1CEMEM ENOELERMG FORESTRY ARD WIDUFE # POST OFFICE BOX 621 wsTORE: rRESERVATIOR HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809 "AROOiAwE uww~sERVE S~ccember 20, 2009 STATERUUCS REZ 04-033.RCM LD-NAV KPC VILLAGEA Honorable Christopher J. Yuen Planning Director County of Hawaii Planning Department 25 Aupuni Street, Room 109 Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4252 Dear Mr. Yuen: SUBJECT: Special Management Ares Use Permit & Change of Zone Authority: County of Hawaii Planning Department I.D. No.: REZ 04 033/KPC Villages, LLC Request: Residential-Commercial Building w/68-Dwelling Units, Retail Space & Pool TMK: 3rd/ 7-5-009: 023 Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on the subject matter. A copy of the document pertaining to the subject matter was distributed or made available to the following Department of Land and Natural Resources' Divisions for their review and comment: - Division of Forestry and Wildlife _ - Engineering Divi s:ion - Division of State Parks - Commission on Water Resource Management - Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands - Land-Hawaii District Land office Enclosed please find a copy cf the Engineering Division comment. The Department of Land and Natural Resources has no other comment to offer on the subject matter. Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact Nicholas A. Vaccaro of the Land Division Support Services Branch at 1- 808-587-0364. Very truly yours, r r ~ DIERDRE S. MAMIYA Administrator EXHIBIT C: HDLO ~ ~~~-a9. i. F • • t or iL7ERT..nuNO _ CNMRIODN , , ; ewima uwDAw wnw~L ~aainDrt LINDA LMCLE • IpN ON WmEll K60YIIC[ MVYAflBIf covcnNd+a wwiu p F f;! 1(r D ~ . ~ ` ~ - DIV1 DAVgldl ,,cy~[:a ~ RrVII'AIECipI•LA10 ~°I GVVIO'EG10R•~A7M `ad ru aka "~w2~OR DEC 15 `1~ 0 ~ „D~A„«.D,.~ wawua eoNUCtANist STATE OF HAWAII o DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES caae~v~tnN~raoD~m~LUrot LAND DIVISION caNSE~v~non [~in~i+cwie rogemRt AM weal! POST OFFICE BOX 621 ~«mwcrassm"r°" s`^Qd~ HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809 ~wooNwewHO~ec~~co...maN m.~c rAiea December 7, 2004 ~i LD/NAV r' SMA 04 009KPCVILLAGES.CMT Suspense Date: 12/16/ s MEMORANDUM: m r TO *XXX Engineering Division ~ *XXX Division of Forestry and Wildlife *XXX Division of State Parks *XXX Commission on Water Resource Management *XXX Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands XXX Hawaii District Land Office (DD) FROM: Dierdre S. Mamiya, Admi is rat Land Division SUBJECT: Special Management Area Use Permit & Change of Zone Authority: County of Hawaii Planning Department I.D. Nos.: SMA 04-009 and REZ 04-033 Applicant: KPC Villages, LLC , Proposed: Residential-Commercial Building with 68-Dwelling Units, Retail Space 6 Pool and Related Improvements TMK: 3`a/ 7-5-009: 023 Please review the subject application and submit your comments (if any) on Division letterhead signed and dated by the suspense date. Should you need more time to review the subject matter, please contact Nick Vaccaro at 597-0384. If this office does not receive your comments on or before the suspense date, we will assume there are no comments. ( ) We have --n--o comments. ~ Comments attach~:c%'1` / Division: L'~,~1"~?~`+`j'i~-~i Signed: ` u Date : Name : ERIC T. HIRANO, CHIEF ENGINEER DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING DIVISION LA/NAV ReG: SMA 04 0091{PCVILLAGES.CMT Hawaii.297 COMMENTS (X) We confirm that the project site, according to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), is located in Zone X. The Flood Insurance Program does not have any regulations for development within Zone X. O Please take note that the project site, according to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), is located in Zone. O Please note that the correct Flood Zone Designation for the project site according to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is _ O Please note that the project must comply with the rules and regulations of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) presented in Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44CFR), whenever development within a Special Flood Hazard Area is undertaken. If there are any questions, please contact the Stale NFIP Coordinator, Ms. Carol Tyau-Beam, of the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Engineering Division at (808) 587-0267. Please be advised that 44CFR indicates the minimum standards set forth by the NFIP. Your Community's local flood ordinance may prove to be more restrictive and thus take precedence over the minimum NFIP standards. If there aze questions regarding the local flood ordinances, please contact the applicable County NFIP Coordinators below: O Mr. Robert Sumimoto at (808) 523-4254 or Mr. Mario Siu Li at (808) 523-4247 of the City and County of Honolulu, Department of Planning and Pemritting. O Mc Kelly Gomes at (808) 961-8327 (Hilo) or Mr. Kiran Emler at (808) 327-3530 (Kona) of the County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works. Mr. Francis Cerizo at (808) 270-7771 of the County of Maui, Department of Planning. Mr. Mario Antonio at (808) 241-6620 of the County of Kauai, Department of Public Works. O The applicant should include project water demands and infrastmcture required to meet water demands. Please note that the implementation of any State-sponsored projects requiring water service from the Honolulu Board of Water Supply system must first obtain water allocation credits from the Engineering Division before it can receive a building permit and/or water meter. O The applicant should provide the water demands and calculations to the Engineering Division so it can be included in the State Water Projects Plan Update. O Additional Corunents: O Other: Should you have any questions, please call Mr~Andr~ew~Monden of the Planning Branch at 587-0229. Signed: A ~ ERIC T. HIRANO, CHIEF ENGINEER ' Date: FE Or y~i • 4 \Y SY 1~ 0 i LINDA LINGLE gt CHIVOME L FUKINO, M.D. GOVERNOR ~ DIRECTOR OF HERITN STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ~!~6'{ t P.O. BOX 916 n j..1 7 n ~ { HILO, HAWAII 96721-0916 l-, MEMORANDUM DATE: December 27, 2004 TO: Christopher J. Yuen Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Aaron A. Ueno District Environmental Health Program Chief SUBJECT: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (SMA 04-009) Request: Residential-Commercial Building With 68 Dwelling Units, 13,000 Square Feet of Retail Space, Pool, and Related Improvements Change of Zone Application (REZ 04-033) Request: RM-1 to V-.75 Applicant: KPC Villages, LLC Tax Map Key: 7-5-9:23 Underground Injection Systems (Ph. 586-4258) which receive wastewater or storm run-offs from the proposed development need to address the requirements of Chapter 23, Hawaii State Department of Health Administrative Rules, Titte 11, "Underground Injection Control." The Army Corps of Engineers should be contacted at (808) 438-9258 to identify whether a Federal license or permit (including a Department of Army permit) is required for this project. Pursuant to Section 401(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Act (commonly known as the "Clean Water Act"), a Section 401 Water Quality Certification is required for "[a]ny applicant for Federal license or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited to, the construction or operation of facilities, which may result in any discharge into the navigable waters...." , i:.:'..F. EXHIBIT C Christopher J. Yuen Page 2 December 27, 2004 A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) general permit coverage is required for the following activities: a. Storm water associated with industrial activities, as define in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Sections 122.26(b)(14)(i) through 122.26(b)(14)(ix) and 122.26(b)(14)(xi); b. Construction activities, including clearing, grading, and excavations, that result in the disturbance of equal to or greater than one (1) acre of total land area. The total land area includes a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules under a larger common plan of development or sale. An NPDES permit is required before the commencement of the construction activities. c. Discharge of treated effluent from leaking underground storage tank remedial activities; d. Discharge of once through cooling water less than one (1) million gallons per day; e. Discharge of hydrotesting water; f Discharge of construction dewatering effluent; g. Discharge of treated effluent from petroleum bulk stations and terminals; h. Discharge of treated effluent from well drilling activities; i. Discharge of treated effluent from recycled water distribution systems; j. Discharges of storm water from a small municipal separate storm sewer system; and k. Discharge of circulation water tiom decorative ponds or tanks. The Clean Water Branch (CWB) requires that a Notice of Intent (NOI) to be covered by a NPDES general permit for any of the above activities be submitted at least 30 days before the commencement of the respective activities. The NOI forms may be picked up at our office or downloaded from our website at ht~t ://www.state.hi.us/doh/eh/cwb/forms/genl-index html The applicant may be required to apply for an individual NPDES permit if there is any type of activity in which wastewater is discharged from the project into State waters and/or coverage of the discharge(s) under the NPDES general permit(s) is not permissible. An application for the NPDES permit is to be submitted at least 180 days before the commencement of the respective activities. The NPDES application forms may also be picked up at our office or downloaded from website at kitty://www.state.hi.us/doh/eh/cwb/forms/indiv-index.html Hawaii Administrative Rules, Section 1 I-55-38, also requires the owner to either submit a copy of the new NOI or NPDES permit application to the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) or demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Christopher J. Yuen Page 3 December 27, 2004 DOH that the project, activity, or site covered by the NOI or application has been or is being reviewed by SHPD. Please submit a copy of the request for review by SHPD or SHPD's determination letter for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the CWB at 586-4309. Construction activities must comply with the provisions of Hawaii Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-46, "Community Noise Control." a. The contractor must obtain a noise permit if the noise levels from the construction activities are expected to exceed the allowable levels of the rules. b. Construction equipment and on-site vehicles requiring an exhaust of gas or air must be equipped with mufflers. c. The contractor must comply with the requirements pertaining to construction activities as specified in the rules and the conditions issued with the permit. Should there be any questions on this matter, please contact the Department of Health at 933-0917. W ORD:SMA04-009REZ04-033.my aaF N4W a F ~aea y' CNIYOME L. FUKINO, M. DIRECTDR OF HEAITN LINOA LINGLE GOVERNOR g a STATE OF HAWAII"~' '""~l 11 !'m 37 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH , , P,o. eoxsTS ' HILO, HAWAII 96721-0916 MEMORANDUM DATE: January 7, 2005 TO: Christopher J. Yuen Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Aaron A. Ueno District Environmental Health Program Chief SUBJECT: Special Management Area Use Permit Application (SMA 04-009) Request: Residential-Commercial Building With 68 Dwelling Units, 13,000 Square Feet of Retail Space, Pool, and Related Improvements Change of Zone Application (REZ 04-033} Request: RM-1 to V-75 Applicant: KPC Villages, LLC Tax Map Key: 7-5-9:23 The subject project is located within or near proximity to the County sewer system. Al] wastewater generated shall be disposed into the County sewer system. We have no objections to the proposed consoiidation and resubdivision application. However, minimum setback requirements for existing wastewater systems needs to be maintained. The existing systems need to be identified on the application map. The Army Corps of Engineers should be contacted at {808} 438-9258 to identify whether a Federal license or permit (including a Department of Army permit} is required for this project. Pursuant to Section 401{a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Act (commonly Christopher J. Yuen Planning Director, County of Hawaii Page 2 January 7, 2005 known as the "Clean Water Act"}, a Section 401 Water Quality Certification is required for "[a)ny applicant for Federal license or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited to, the construction or operation of facilities, which may result in any discharge into the navigable waters...." A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System {NPDES} general permit coverage is required for the following activities: a. Storm water associated with industrial activities, as define in Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Sections 122.26(b}(14}(i) through 122.26(b)(14)(ix) and 122.26(b)(14)(xi); b. Construction activities, including clearing, grading, and excavations, that result in the disturbance of equal to or greater than one (1) acre of total land area. Thetotal land area includes a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct total land area includes a contiguous area where multiple separate and distinct construction activities may be taking place at different times on different schedules under a larger common plan of development or sale, An NPDES permit is required before the commencement of the construction activities. c. Discharge of treated effluent from leaking underground storage tank remedial activities; d. Discharge of once through cooling water less than one (l) million gallons per day; e. Discharge of hydrotesting water; f. Discharge of construction dewatering effluent; g. Discharge of treated effluent from petroleum bulk stations and terminals; h. Discharge of treated effluent from well drilling activities; i. Discharge of treated effluent from recycled water distribution systems; j. Discharges of storm water from a small municipal separate storm sewer system; and k. Discharge of circulation water from decorative ponds or tanks. The Clean Water Branch {CWB) requires that a Notice of Intent {NOI) to be covered by a NPDES general permit for any of the above activities be submitted at least 30 days before the commencement of the respective activities. The NOI forms may be picked up at our office or downloaded from our website at http://www.state.hi.us/doh/ehlcwb/forms/eenl-index.html. The applicant may be required to apply for an individual NPDES permit if there is any type of activity in which wastewater is discharged from the project into State waters andlor coverage of the discharge(s) under the NPDES general permit(s) is not permissible. An application for the NPDES permit is to b activities. The NPDES application forms may also be picked up at our • Christopher J. Yuen Planning Director, County of Hawaii Page 3 January 7, 2005 office or downloaded from website at httn'//www state hi us/doh/eh/cwb/forms/indiv-index.html. The applicant may be required to apply For an individual NPDES permit if there is any type of activity in which wastewater is discharged from the project into State waters and/or coverage of the discharge(s) under the NPDES general permit(s) is not permissible. An application for the NPDES permit is to be submitted at least 180 days before the commencement of the respective activities. The NPDES application forms may also be picked up at our office or downloaded from website at http•//www state hi us/doh/eh/cwb/forms/indiv-index.html Hawaii Administrative Rules, Section 11-55-38, also requires the owner to either submit a copy of the new NOI or NPDES permit application to the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) or demonstrate to the satisfaction of the DOH that the project, activity, or site covered by the NOI or application has been or is being reviewed by SHPD. Please submit a copy of the request for review by SHPD or SHPD's determination letter for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the CWB at 586-4309. Construction activities must comply with the provisions of Hawaii Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-46, "Community Noise Control." a. The contractor must obtain a noise permit if the noise levels from the construction activities are expected to exceed the allowable levels of the rules. a. The contractor must obtain a noise permit if the noise levels from the construction activities are expected to exceed the allowable levels of the rules. b. Construction equipment and on-site vehicles requiring an exhaust of gas or air must be equipped with mufflers. c. The contractor must comply with the requirements pertaining to construction activities as specified in the rules and the conditions issued with the permit. Should there be any questions on this matter, please contact the Department of Health at 933-0917. WORD:SMA 04-009.x[ RKPCVillagesREZ-428/05 COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT RECOMMENDATION KPC VILLAGES, LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 04-033) Upon careful review of the request against the guidelines for granting a change of zone, the Planning Director is recommending that a favorable recommendation for a Change of Zone from Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) to Resort 750 square feet (V- .75) for approximately 51,052 square feet of land be forwarded to the County Council. Since this recommendation is made without the benefit of public testimony, the Director reserves the right to modify and/or alter this recommendation based upon additional information presented at the public hearing. "Fhis favorable recommendation is based on the following findings: fhe applicant is requesting a Change of Zone from Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-1) to Resort 750 square feet (V-.75) to develop acommercial- residential complex consisting ofmulti-family units and commercial uses. The applicant is requesting the change of zone because the multiple-family residential units are allowed under the current zoning but the commercial uses are proposed are not permitted. The proposed development, expected to take approximately 18 months, includes: • 67 multi-family units in a maximum 45-foot high multi-story building, with 4 one- bedroom units and 63 two-bedroom units. The average unit size is approximately 1,084 square feet • 13,000 square feet of commercial space on the ground floor • recreation deck with pool • 92 underground residential parking spaces with access from the north driveway • 45 ground level commercial parking spaces with access from the south driveway • road reserve on the southern portion of the property for a future County road connecting Alii Drive with the Kuakini Highway As the project site is located in the Special Management Area, the applicant is also requesting a concurrent SMA Use Permit to allow the proposed development. In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions can be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth determined by the General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of these evaluations and decisions must be also considered as they may have an impact on similar areas in the County. The Change of Zone request from Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-L) to Resort 750 square feet (V-.75) will conform to, among others, the Land Use and Housing elements of the General Plan. The Land Llse Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the General Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of the physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUPAG Map establishes the basic urban and non-urban form for areas within the County. The subject area is designated Resort, which includes uses such as hotels, condominium- hotels and supporting services. Thus, the proposed development would be consistent with the LUPAG Map designation. The property is zoned Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet {RM-1) by the County. Surrounding properties to the east and south are zoned Multiple-Family Residential (RM-1) and are vacant. Properties to the north and west are zoned Resort (V-.75). There is a multi-story commercial complex to the north, and conunercial development west of the property across Alii Drive. Given the project's proposed extensive landscaping, the visual impact to the surrounding areas will not he significant. A favorable recommendation of this change of zone request will be consistent with the emerging land use pattern being established within this portion of North Kona. "The Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Rate Map {FIRM) designates the property as lone "X", an area determined to be outside of the 500-year flood plain. The project site is approximately 150 feet from the shoreline and ranges from 10 to 35 feet above mean sea level. Soils within the property and surrounding area are unclassified. -2- "two accesses are proposed from Alii Drive, atwo-lane collector street with an approximately 20-toot wide pavement with paved shoulders within a substandard approximately 50-foot right-of--way. The lower level parking deck with 92 parking stalls for residents will have access from the north driveway. The upper level parking with 45 parking stalls for commercial use would be accessed from the south driveway. The Department of Public Works recommends that vehicular access to Alii Drive be limited to one approach and dedicate at no cost to the County, five (5) feet of additional right-of- way width (exclusive of the driveway approach) along the frontage of Alii Drive in conformance with collector street standards. The additional right-of-way would allow for one of several options including the preservation of the existing parking, left-turn lane installation or a transit vehicle loading zone. The proposed project would add to the cumulative traffic impact on Alii Drive. In response to concerns about providing a roadway that would connect Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway, the design for the project includes a road reserve along the southern portion of the property that will be dedicated to the County for use as a road at a fuhrre date. Construction of the road will depend upon, among other actions, acquisition of similar road reserves from other landowners mauka of the property. A Traff c Impact Analysis Keport for the Ke Kai Alii Condominium on Alii Drive dated November 1 Q 2003 (Appendix 5 of the application) concluded that "the increases in ambient traffic duc to new development projects in Kailua-Kona are forecast to have an adverse impact on the Alii Drive/Hualalai road intersection. Mitigation in the form of widening the northbound approach of Alii Drive would improve traffic operations to acceptable levels. 'The proposed project would generate a small number of trips that add to the cumulative traffic impact but not adversely affect traffic." With or without the proposed project, the intersection of Hualalai Road and Alii Drive will not operate at an acceptable level of service. The T[AR does not address the intersection of Walua Road and Kuakini Highway which is forecasted to be deficient as a result of ambient growth in the area. According to the Department of Public Works, the Kailua Village Master Plan provides for a street connection (identified as the "Village Bypass") from Alii Drive to Kuakini Highway and Queen Kaahumanu Highway by an extension of Nani Kailua -3- Drive. 'fhe southern portion of the property has been identified as a preferred location for the alignment of the Village Bypass. The Department of Public Works recommends that the applicant reserve and upon request by the Department of Public Works, provide the right-of-entry, slope easements and the proposed right-of-way at no cost to the County to allow for construction of the proposed Village Bypass. Vehicular access to the future Village Bypass may be restricted to right-in and right-out movements at the discretion of the DPW by the inclusion of a center median divider in the County street. According to the Department of Water Supply, 73 units of water are required for the proposed development. 'through participation in a previous waterline improvement project, the previous owners of the property secured a water commitment for 48 units of water. With additional waterline improvements along Alii Drive, water can be made available for the project. The Department of Water Supply requires the construction of the following improvements, should the change of zone request be approved: • extend the existing l2-inch water main approximately 1,200 feet to front the subject parcel; • install a service lateral to accommodate an appropriately sized meter to the development; and • submit installation plans prepazed by a professional engineer, registered in the State of Hawaii, for review and approval. A condition will be included to require the applicant to construct the necessary improvements for the additional units of water. Essential utilities are available to the site. The Kealakehe Police Station is Located about four miles from the project site, and fire protection is available from the Kailua- Kona Fire Station located approximately one mile from the site. The Kona Hospital is located in Kealakekua, approximately eleven miles from the property. The request is not contrary to Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statutes, relating to Coastal Zone Management Area. The property is situated within the Special Management Area, mauka of Alii Drive and therefore, will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. There are no identified recreational resources, public access to the shoreline or mountain areas, scenic and open space preserves, coastal ecosystems, marine resources or other natural and environmental resources in the project -4- area. Thus, the proposed request and use of the property will not adversely impact those resources. The surrounding areas have been improved with commercial developments, and it is not anticipated that endangered or threatened candidate species of flora or fauna are located within the property. The project area has not been identified as containing any significant botanical or biological habitat. An informal biological survey was conducted in September, 2003. On this property, as is typical of the region, the vegetation is almost completely alien. Only one common indigenous pant, 'uhaloa (Waltheria indica) was found on the site. No systematic faunal survey was conducted. The alien vegetation and urban surroundings provide habitat for a number of alien bird species such as the Yellow-Billed Cardinal (Paroaria capitata), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Japanese White-eye (Zoaterops japonicus), and Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Mongooses, feral cats, rats and mice inhabit the property. According to the applicant, it is highly unlikely that any native forest birds, seabirds or migratory birds (especially those with threatened or endangered status) would find the site a suitable habitat or be affected by activities that occur on the parcel. The Hawaiian Hawk or'lo and the Hawaiian Owl or Pueo, possibly make some use of the area. The endangered Hawaiian Hoary Bat may also be present in the general azea. According to the applicant, no rare, threatened or endangered species as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service appeaz to be present on the parcel, nor are there unique or valuable wildlife habitats. No impact on native species or habitat is expected. There is no evidence of any traditional and customary Native Hawaiian rights being practiced on the site, nor existence of any known valued cultural, historical or native resources in the area. There are no identified recreational resources, historic resources, public access to the shoreline or mountain areas, scenic and open space preserves, coastal ecosystems, marine resources or other natural and environmental resources in the area. The property is not proximate to the shoreline and will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. No scenic or open space resources to the shoreline or coastal view plane or coastal ecosystem will be negatively impacted by the proposed action. In view of the recent Hawaii State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa'akai O -5- Ka'~4ina"decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed. These rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site. Investigation of valued resources: An archaeological survey was conducted by PHRI in 1987-1988 followed by a more intensive analysis of one of the sites (Site 50-10- 28-2005) in 1988 (Appendix l and 2 of the application). By letter dated March 8, 1989, the DLNR-HPD gave final approval to the archaeological survey. By letter dated June 23, 2004 (Appendix 4 of the application), the DLNR-HPD approved the proposed data recovery plan for the site. An informal biological survey was conducted in September 2003. On this property, as is typical of the region, the vegetation is ahnost completely alien. It is highly unlikely that any native forest birds, seabirds or migratory birds (especially those with threatened or endangered status) would find the site a suitable habitat or be affected by activities that occur on the parcel. According to the applicant, no raze, threatened or endangered species as listed by the LJ.S. Fish and Wildlife Service appear to be present on the parcel, nor are there unique or valuable wildlife habitats. No impact on native species or habitat is expected. The valuable cultural, historical, and natural resources found in the area: In cooperation with the DLNR-HPD, the applicant has decided to perform additional data recovery on Feature A in lieu of preservation, and a data recovery plan for Site 50-10-28- 2005 was prepazed in 2004 for Feature A and the associated cultural deposit (Appendix 3 of the application). By letter dated June 23, 2004 (Appendix 4 of the application), the DLNR-HPD approved the proposed data recovery plan for the site. Possible adverse effects or impairment of valued resources: Native vegetation maybe destroyed by ground alteration. There is no evidence that the flora in the area are particularly desired or used for cultural practices. Feasible actions toprotect native Hawaiian rights: The property is located mauka of Ali'i Drive, and will not be impacted by coastal hazard and beach erosion. There are no identified recreational resources, historic resources, public access to the shoreline or mountain areas, scenic and open space preserves, coastal ecosystems, marine resources or other natural and environmental resources in the area. As stated by the applicant, no -6- gathering is taking place on the site, 'T'hus, to the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights are exercised, the proposed action will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights; therefore, tto action is necessary to protect these rights. Based on the above findings, the approval of the Change of Zone request from an Multiple-Family Residential 1,000 square feet (RM-i) to Resort 750 square feet (V- .75) district would result in an appropriate land use pattern that will further benefit the public. The accompanying draft bill to amend Section 25-8-5 (Kailua Urban Zone Map) of Chapter 25, Zoning Code, of the Hawaii County Code, is provided for your consideration of a favorable recommendation to the County Council. Please note the proposed conditions of approval attached to the draft bill. CKPCV illageaRBZ.doc-5/9/0 i KPC VILLAGES, LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (RE'L 04-033) CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL A. The applicants, its successors or assigns shall be responsible for complying with all of the stated conditions of approval. B. The required water commitment payment shall be submitted to the Department of Water Supply in accordance witL its "Water Conrrr~it~neut Guidelines Palic~' withir. rinet<; days from the effective date of this ordinance. Further, for the additional units of water, the applicant shall construct the necessary improvements as required by the Department of Water Supply prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy. C. Construction of the proposed development shall be completed within five (5) years from the effective date this ordinance. Prior to construction, the applicant, successors or assigns shall secure Final Plan Approval for the proposed development from the Planning Director in accordance with Section 25-2-70, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code), Hawaii County Code. Plans shall identify all existing and/or proposed structwes, paved driveway access and parking stalls associated with the proposed development. Landscaping shall also be indicated on the plans for the purpose of mitigating any adverse noise or visual impacts to adjacent properties in accordance with the requirements of Planning Department's Rule No. l7 (Landscaping Requirements}, D. The applicant shall provide a road reserve on the southern portion of the property for a future County road connecting Alii Drive with the Kuakini Highway ("Village Bypass"). If required by the Department of Public Works, provide the right-of--entry, slope easements and proposed right-of--way at no cost to the County to allow for the construction of the proposed Village Bypass. E. The vehicular access to Alii Drive shall be limited to one approach. Five (5) feet of additional right-ot=way width (exclusive of the driveway approach) along the frontage of Alii Drive in conformance with collector street standards shall be dedicated at no cost to the County. F. The driveway connection to Alii Drive shall conform to Chapter 22, Streets and Sidewalks, of the Hawaii County Code. G. The applicant shall improve, at no cost to the County, the property frontage along Alii drive consisting of, but not limited to, concrete curb, gutter and sidewalk, drainage improvements, street lights, signs, markings and any relocation of utilities, meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works. Install street lights, signs and markings meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works> Traffic Division. H. All trafhe control devices requested in the future for the proposed development, shall be designed and installed by the applicant at no cost to the County. The devices include, but are not limited to, crosswalks and other lane and pavement marking adjustments, warning and regulatory signs, ADA compliance items, bashing lights, street lights and traffic signals. I. A drainage study shall be prepared by a licensed civil engineer and submitted to the Department ol~ Public Works prior to issuance of a construction permit. The recommended drainage improvements shall be constructed meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works prior to receipt of a Certificate of Occupancy. J. All development-generated runoff shall be disposed of on site and shall not be directed toward any adjacent properties. K. Sewer lines shall be installed within the development to connect with the County's sewer system, meeting with the approval of the Department of Environmental Management, and prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy. L. A Solid Waste Management Plan shall be submitted to the Department of Environmental Management for review and approval prior to the issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy. M. Should any remains of historic sites, such as rock walls, terraces, platforms, marine shell concentrations or human burials be encountered, work in the immediate azea shall cease and the Department of Land and Natural Resource -State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD) shalt be immediately notified. Subsequent work shall proceed upon an archaeological clearance from DLNR-SHPD when it finds that sufficient mitigation measures have been taken. N. The applicant shall make its fair share contribution to mitigate the potential regional -2- impacts of the property with respect to parks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads. The fair share contribution shall be initially based on the representiitions contained within the change of zone application and may be increased or reduced proportionally if the unit counts are adjusted. The fair share contribution shall become due and payable prior to receipt of Pinal Plan Approval or within five (5) years from the effective date of this change of zone ordinance, whichever occurs first. The fair share contribution for each lot shall be based on a maximum density for each lot as determined by the zoning resulting from this change of zone. The fair share contribution in a form of cash, land, facilities or any combination thereof shall be determined by the County Council. The fair share contribution may be adjusted annually beginning three years after the effective date of this ordinance, based on the percentage change in the Honolulu Consumer Price Index (HCPI). The fair share contribution shall have a maximum combined value of $6,411.25 per multiple-family residential unit ($9,991.20 per single-family residential unit). Based upon the applicant's representation of intent to develop a total of nineteen (19) multiple-family residential units (calculated as a difference between the current 67-unit request and 48 units approved under SMA Use Permit No. 276), the indicated total of fair share contribution is $121,813.75 for the multiple-family residential units. However, the total amount shall be increased or reduced in proportion with the actual number of units according to the calculation and payment provisions set forth in this condition. • $3,162.49 per multiple-family residential unit ($4,817.93 per single- family residential unit) to the County to support park and recreational improvements and facilities; • $99.95 per multiple-family residential unit ($232.42 per single-family residential unit) to the County to support police facilities; • $307.46 per multiple-family residential unit ($459.06 per single-family residential unit) to the County to support fire facilities; • $137.04 per multiple-family residential unit ($200.98 per single-family residential unit) to support solid waste facilities; and -3- • $2,704.3I per multiple-family residential emit ($4,280.82 per single- family residential unit} to the County to support road and traffic improvements. [n lieu of paying the fair share contribution, the applicant may contribute land and/or construct improvements/facilities related to pazks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads within the region impacted by the proposed development, subject to the review and recommendation of the Planning Director, upon consultation with the appropriate agencies and approval of the County Council. The value of the road reserve required by Condition D shall be credited against the fair shaze contribution for roads. O. Should the Council adopt a Unified Impact Fees Ordinance setting forth criteria for imposition of exactions or the assessment of impact fees, conditions included herein shall be credited towazds the requirements of the Unified Impact Fees Ordinance. P. To ensure that the Goals and Policies of the Housing Element of the General Plan are implemented, the applicant shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 11, Article 1, Hawaii County Code relating to Affordable Housing Policy. This requirement shall be approved by the County Housing Agency prior to receipt of Final Plan Approval. "Che affordable housing requirement shall apply to units in excess of the 48 allowed under current zoning. Q. The applicant shall comply with all applicable County, State and Federal laws, rules, regulations and requirements. R. An annual progress report shall be submitted to the Planning Director prior to the anniversary date of enactment of the ordinance. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the status of the development and to what extent the conditions of approval are being complied with. 'This condition shall remain in effect until all of the conditions of approval have been complied with and the Planning Director acknowledges that Further reports are not required. S. An initial extension of time for the performance of conditions within the ordinance may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: -4- i . fhe non-perfo,znance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the control of the applicants, its successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault or negligence. 2. Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the General Plan or 'Coning Code. 3. Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the change vl zone. Q. The time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed the period originally granted for performance (i.e., a condition to be performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year). 5. If the applicant should require an additional extension of time, the Planning Department shall submit the applicant's request to the County Council for appropriate action. Should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion, the Director may initiate rezoning of the area to its original or more appropriate designation. -5- C`JUN7`Y ~OF H~~~AI`I ST~TF, ~F HAVVAI`I BILL NU. (PLANNING DEPT) ~7t_~Il'~I/11!'CI? ND. AN ORDINANCE AMIiNDI[~IG SEC TION 2~-8-5 (KAILUA UILBAN ZONE MAP), ARTICLE 8, CFIAFTER 25 (Z,vN1NG CODE) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE, esY CI~IANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL (RM-1) TO RESOR`f-HOTEL (V-.75) AT PUAA 1sT, NOR"I'H KONA, HAWAII, COVERED 13Y TAX MAP KEY 7-5-923. BE IT OKDAINED BY THE COUNCIL, OF THE COUNTY OF' HAWAII: SECTION I. Section 25-8-5, Article 8, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawaii Cotmry Code, is amended to change the district classification of property described hereinafter as follows: The district classification of the following area situated at Puaa Is`, North Kona, Hawaii shall be Resort-Hotel (V-.75): Beginning at a found pipe in concrete on the Westerly edge of a stonewall on the Easterly side of Alii Drive, being also the Northwest corner of Lot 3-A and Road Easement, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAHELO" being 4,615.28 feet North and 1,369.05 feet West and running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: 1. 160° 21' 00" 317.75 feet along the Easterly side of Alii Drive to found pipe in concrete; 2. 263° 03' OU" 182.81 feet along Lot 3 to a found pipe in concrete; 3. 347° 09' 00" 315.34 feet along Lot 3-A to a found pipe in conesete; 4. 84° 30' 00° 145.41 feet along Lot 3-A and a 12-feet wide road easement to the point of -1- beginning and confi~iniog an area of 1.172 acres. All us shown on the map attached hereto, marked F,xhibit "A" and by reference made a part hereof: SF,CTION 2. In accordance with Section 25-2-44, Hawaii County Codc, the County Council finds the following conditions arc: Necessary to prevent circumstauccs which may be adverse to the public health, safety and welfare; or (2) Reasonably conceived to fulfill needs directly emanating Yrom the land use proposed with respect to: (A) Protection of the public from the potentially deleterious effects of the proposed use, or (B) Fulfillment of the need for public service demands created by the proposed use. SE'T ATTACHED CONDITIONS SECTION 3. In the event that airy portion of this ordinance is declared invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other parts of this ordinance. SECTION 4. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED B~': COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII Hawaii Date of Introduction: Date of 1st Reading: Date of 2nd Reading: EfCectivc Date: -2- iy~ m a A-Sa A-5a QY / RM-4 .Q, ~ ~ ~a A-la RM-2.5 Q C~ . o / ~ ° RM-2 ~ c; RM-1 ° ~ A-la ' ~ ~ ~ RM-4 R i RMi RD-3.75 _ ! RD-J.75 A4a ! ~h ti 1 RM I ~ I cv-zs MULTIPLE•FAMILYRESZDENTIAL (RM•1) I RM 1I ~ ~ a, ~ TO RESORT-HOTEL ~V-.75) ~~a~a~~,' ~,r 1.17 A2 CS Rh1-1 CVi7.5 ~ - I ~ ~ CV-7 5 l n' i y ~ / RM-4 / i ! ~ Y~1.25 A-1a RM-2 ~ ry: RM-2 ' v CV 7.6 - CV-~7.5 A 1a / R i _ Kuakini Hwy. ~ _ _ is-fa i , - .i _ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - KuBkmi Hwy-- V-.75 ' a V-,75 RM 1 - ~ ~ I"a ~ V-. b5 ~ V-1 / RM-1 ~ OPEN ~ RM_-i : 4~$15.281!~ CV-f0 ~ I ~ V-.75 U 7~ i ~ ~ V 75 ,y,3Gb.F}YW ~ ~ I P O` I ~ KpHF,LO ~ i a 1v / - - - - _ _ ~ V 5 ~ ~ ~ k 7b~A'- 75 ~ _ _ L RM-4 ! V-.75 OPEN ~ ~ / - - - y-,75 i CV 10 I ~ l l ~ Ali'i Drive k~g, OPEN 7"akdl R~ - i ~7--1 i l I V-.75 Vj.~75 % V-.75 r.. ~ / RS-7.5 550 2Ba 0 560 112 1,680 _ 2,PA0 ~'e~eel AMENDMENT TO THE ZONING CODE AMENDING SECTION 25-8-5 (KAILUA URBAN ZONE MAP) ARTICLE 8, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING CODE) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE, BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM MULTIPLE-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL (RM-1) TO RESORT-HOTEL (V-.75) AT PUAA 1st, NORTH KONA, HAWAII PREPARED BY: PLANNING DEPARTMENT COUNTY OF HAWAII TMK 7-5-009:023 Date November 17, 2004 EXHIBIT "A„ (KPC viunces, ~tc:llse~