HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0464.000 2004-2006 MiY M N~
Dixie Kaetsu
Harry Kim
Mayor ' • Managing Director
Peter L. Hendricks
•ri'oi'N~~~ Depury Managing D+recmr
COUNTY OF HAWAII
25 pupuni Street, Room 215 . Hilq Hawaii 96720-0252 • (808) 961-821 I • Fax (RO8) 961fi553
KONA_ 75-5706 Kuakini Highway, Suite 103 • Kailua-Kona, Hawei'i 96940
(ROS)329-5226 • Fax (808)326-5663
September 20, 2005
Honorable Stacy Higa, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
County of Hawaii
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, HI 96720
Dear Chairman Higa and Members:
? Change of Zone Application (REZ OS-002)
Applicant: State of Hawaii, DLNR
Request: Open to MCX 1-acre
Tax Map Key: 6-1-3:15
Change of Zone Application (REZ OS-009)
Applicant: Johanna Leaird Revocable Living Trust
Request: RM-1 to RM-10
Tax Map Key: 2-6-8:portion 22
Amendment to Chapter 25 (Zoning Code)
Rc. Plan Approval and Landscaping
As required by Chapter 4, Sec. 6-43(C), Hawaii County Charter, transmitted herewith for the
County Council's consideration and action are the Planning Commission's letters and enclosures
regarding the above-referenced requests.
Sincerely,
fA,~~ 1;~.'
Harry Kim
Mayor
Enclosures
cc: Planning Department Comm. No~_--~
~L + Ref. To:
~.y:. I 1 ~ ~ ~ I lawai'f County is an I'qual Opportunity Provider and Employer ~ ~V I q qn(t.[
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County of Hawaii
PLANNING COMMISSION
Aupuni Center • 101 Pauahi Sheet, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Phone (80R) 961-828R • Fax (80R) 961-8742
September 20, 2005
Stacy Higa, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
County of Hawaii
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, HI 96720
Dear Chairman Higa and Council Members:
Change of Zone Application (REZ OS-002)
Applicant: State of Hawaii, DLNR
Request: Open to MCX 1-acre
Tax Mao Key: 6-1-3:15
The Planning Commission, after a duly held public heazing on August 26, 2005, voted to
recommend for your approval the proposed legislative bill to change the district classification
from Open (O) to the Industrial-Commercial Mixed one-acre (MCX-la) district for
approximately 1.32 acres of land approximately 1,200 feet northwest of the junction between the
Kawaihae Road and the Akoni Pule Highway at Kawaihae, South Kohala, Hawaii.
The Commission concurs with the following Planning Director's reasons for recommending
favorable consideration of the change of zone:
The applicant is requesting a change of zone from Open (O) to the Industrial-
Commercial Mixed one-acre (MCX-1 a) district to allow light industrial or mixed
commercial/industrial uses. Once the property is rezoned, the applicant intends to offer a
long-term lease or leases over the property for sale by public auction and awazd the lease
to the highest bidder. As such, the specific use of the site cannot be determined until after
the lease is auctioned and awarded.
Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer
Stacy Higa, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 2
The property, originally intended for the development of Kawaihae Harbor, has
remained vacant since it was acquired by the State of Hawaii in 1959. The property
however, was not included in subsequent plans for the development of the harbor, and has
remained vacant and underutilized, receiving little interest based on its current Open
zoning. There has been interest in the property for commercial uses, and the applicant
believes that the MCX zoning will allow the highest and best use of the property.
hi order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable
goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only
through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions
can be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth determined by the
General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of these evaluations and
decisions must also be considered as they may have an impact on similaz areas in the
County.
The Change of Zone request from an Open (O) to anIndustrial-Commercial
Mixed (MCX-la) zoned district will conform to the goals, policies and standards ofthe
General Plan Economic and Land Use Elements. The General Plan is intended to be used
as a policy guide for the coordinated growth and development of all sectors of the
County. It sets forth goals, policies, standazds and courses of action to accommodate
growth without congestion, to designate and preserve the lands needed for residential use,
commercial and visitor services, industry, agriculture and open space, and to coordinate
these uses with the County's service and circulation systems. The overall goals, policies
and standards are set forth to physically plan the lands in the County in the best interest of
the island's residents. Land Use is one of the principal focal points of public concern and
policy. The Land Use Element provides the primary basis for direct control and guidance
of publicly and privately owned resources.
The request conforms with the goals, policies and standazds of the General Plan in
that the proposed development will be developed in an area adequately served by
necessary services such as water, utilities, sewers and transportation systems. The
proposed project also conforms to the Land Use -Industrial sub-element which states that
"Industrial development shall be located in areas adequately served by transportation,
utilities and other amenities."
Stacy Higa, Chairnian
and Members of the County Council
Page 3
The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the General
Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated
growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of the physical
relationship among the various land uses. The LUPAG Map establishes the basic urban
and non-urban form for areas within the County. The project area is designated Industrial
on the LUPAG Map. This industrial designation includes uses such as manufacturing and
processing, wholesaling, large storage and transportation facilities and light industrial
uses. The MCX zoning would be consistent with the Industrial designation on the
LUPAG Map for this area of North Kohala. The applicant proposes a mixture of light
industrial and commercial uses which would be suitable in this area.
"Che State Land Use designation for the subject property is Urban. The advantage
of this area is its proximity to water, air transportation terminals and harbor facilities.
The proposed change of zone would complement the existing industrial and commercial
land uses that already exist in this area and will provide for an orderly development of the
area.
The MCX zoning designation was created when the Zoning Code was amended in
1996. ]n accordance with Section 25-5-130, Hawaii County Zoning Code, this district
would allow a mix of light industrial and commercial uses. The intent is to provide for
areas of diversified businesses and employment opportunities by permitting a broad range
of uses, without exposing non-industrial uses to unsafe and unhealthy environments.
The property is a vacant, approximately 1.32-acre parcel ranging in elevation from
approximately 10 to 35 feet above mean sea level. The property was previously used by
Parker Ranch as a temporary holding area for cattle awaiting shipment. Parker Ranch
owned the property between 1935 and 1959 and the property has remained vacant since
the applicant acquired the property in 1959. Lands adjacent to the property are zoned
Open. The Kawaihae Lighthouse is located north of the property, as is the Department of
Hawaiian Home Lands' partially developed 90-acre industrial park and small residential
lot subdivision. The parcel adjacent to the south and west is State owned land reserved
for public recreational purposes by Governor's Executive Order 4042, and is utilized by
the Kawaihae Canoe Club for storage of their canoes and supplies. The property across
the Akoni Pule Highway to the east is vacant and zoned MG-1 a. The Kawaihae Harbor
and its industrial, recreational and commercial sport fishing activities are the predominant
land uses in the vicinity of the project area. There is a small commercial complex with
restaurants, convenience store, gas station, and marine related businesses within the
Kawaihae urban corridor.
Stacy Higa, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 4
All utilities and services are available to the site. Access to the project site is
proposed from the Akoni Pule Highway, aState-owned highway. County water is
available to the site. All wastewater will be disposed of by an individual wastewater
system meeting with the approval of the State Department of Health. Solid waste will be
handled by commercial haulers. Electricity and telephone services are available to the
site.
The property has no severe geological or topographical problems which cannot be
rectified or which would render the land unusable. The project site is located within Zone
"X", area determined to be outside the 500-year floodplain. However, the property is
situated in the tsunami inundation area. A condition will be included in any future SMA
Use Permit application to require the applicant to submit an Emergency Response Plan to
the Hawaii County Civil Defense Agency for review and approval prior to the issuance of
a Certificate of Occupancy. All development generated storm runoff shall be disposed of
on-site and not allowed onto adjacent properties or roadways.
An archaeological inventory survey of the property was conducted by Haun &
Associates in July, 2004. The survey identified one site with four features (Site 24180).
The features consisted of a stone wall, a stone alignment and an adjacent configuration of
metal posts or stakes, a low terrace, and series of intact and displaced concrete piers. No
further work or preservation was recommended for the site. By letter dated September 1,
2004, the State Department of Land and Natural Resources has agreed with the findings,
and has indicated that the survey meets the requirements governing standards for
archaeological inventory surveys and reports.
Botanical consultant Evangeline J. Funk, Ph.D., conducted a botanical survey of
the site on Apri19, 2004. The study concluded that no species of concern or candidate,
proposed, or listed threatened or endangered species were found during the survey and
none were expected. Although a faunal survey was not conducted, due to the extensive
prior dishirbance of the site as a temporary holding area for cattle, the applicant states that
it is highly unlikely that any listed threatened or endangered species would be found on
the site. Bird species in the area include the Japanese White-eye, House Sparrow,
Cardinal, House Finch, Warbling Silverbill, Spotted Dove and Barred Dove.
Stacy Higa, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 5
The request is not contrary to Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statues, relating to
Coastal Zone Management. The project site is situated in the Special Management Area;
thus a SMA Use Permit would be required prior to any development on the site. The
applicant intends to offer long-term leases which will be sold by public auction and
awarded to the highest bidder. As the specific use or uses of the site cannot be
determined until after the lease(s) are auctioned and awarded, it would be premature to
consider the SMA Use Permit application until the approval of this request by the County
Council and the subsequent awarding of the lease for the site. As a condition of approval,
the applicant will be required to secure a SMA Use Permit prior to any development of
the site. There is no record of a designated public access to the shoreline or mountain
areas that traverses the property. According to the applicant, no valued cultural, historical
or natural resources exist on the properties and there is no evidence of any traditional and
customary Native Hawaiian rights being practiced on the site. Thus, it is not anticipated
that the proposed request will have any adverse impact on cultural or historical resources
in the area. Therefore, no action is necessary to protect these rights.
1n view of the recent Hawaii State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa'akai O
Ka'Aina "decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights
must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the
associated traditional and customary practices of the site:
Investigation of valued resources: An Archaeological Inventory Survey dated July,
2004 by Haun and Associates was submitted with the application. A Botanical Survey
was conducted by Evangeline J. Funk, Ph.D. on April 9, 2004.
The valuable cultural historical and natural resources found in the rezoning area:
The site was formerly used as a temporary holding area for cattle awaiting shipment. An
archaeological survey identified one site (Site 24180) on the property, but no further work
or preservation was recommended for the site. This conclusion was supported by the
DLNR-HPD. A condition will be included to require the applicant to cease any work and
contact the Planning Department if any unanticipated archaeological features or sites are
discovered during the course of improving the site.
Possible adverse effect or impairment of valued resources: Native plants could be
destroyed by construction and ground alteration. The property does not abut the
shoreline, therefore Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights is not an issue.
Feasible actions to nrotect native Hawaiian rights: Conditions of approval will be
included to require the applicant to notify the Department of Land and Natural Resources
Stacy Higa, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 6
- Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD) should any unidentified sites or remains
be encountered, and proceed only upon an azchaeological clearance from the DLNR-
HPD. The applicant has stated that there is no evidence of any traditional and customary
Native Hawaiians rights being practiced on the site, nor existence of any known valued
cultural, historical or native resources in the area. Thus, it is believed that the project
would have no adverse impact relative to the cultural and historical resources of the area.
To the extent to which traditional and customary Native Hawaiian rights aze exercised,
the proposed action will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights and no action is necessary
to protect these rights.
Based on the above findings, approval of this change of zone request from Open
(O) to an Industrial-Commercial Mixed (MCX-1 a) district would result in an appropriate
land use pattern that will further benefit the general public.
The Planning Director and Planning Commission both agree that because the area under
consideration is on oceanfront property that is next to a public recreational area, certain uses
allowed within the MCX zoning may not be compatible. Therefore, in working with and agreed
to by the applicant, certain uses as noted under Condition D are prohibited from development on
the property.
One Planning Commissioner expressed the view that this property should be kept for public
recreational use. While this concept has merit, the property was part of a larger parcel that the
State had subdivided, with the larger parcel being granted to the County by the executive order
for public recreation, so the State has tried to accommodate public uses.
For your favorable consideration, an amendment to Section 25-8-12 (Kawaihae-Puako Zone
Map), of the County Zoning Code is transmitted.
Stacy Higa, Chairman
and Members of the County Council
Page 7
We are enclosing copies of the staff Background and Planning Director's Recommendation for
your information.
Sincerely,
Fred Galdones, Chairman
Planning Commission
Lstatedlnrrez05-002pc2
Enclosures
cc: Mr. Keith Chun/DLNR
Mr. Brian Nishimura
Department of Public Works
Department of Water Supply
Planning Department -Kona
Department of Land & Natural Resources-HPD/Kona
Rodney Haraga, DirectorlDOT-Highways, Honolulu
BStateULNRRE%.dw-5/10/OS
COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT
BACKGROUND REPORT
STATE DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 05-002)
The STATE DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES hay
submitted an application for a Change of Zone from Open (O) to the Industrial-Commercial
Mixed one-acre (MCX-la) district for approximately 1.32 acres of land located approximately
1,200 feet northwest of the junction between the Kawaihae Road and the Akoni Pule Highway at
Kawaihae, South Kohala, Hawaii, TMK: 6-1-3: 15.
REQUEST
1. Proposed Land Use: The applicant is requesting a change of zone from Open (O) to the
Industrial-Commercial Mixed one-acre (MCX-la) district to allow light industrial or
mixed commercial/industrial uses. Once the property is rezoned, the applicant intends to
offer along-term lease or leases over the property for sale by public auction and award
the lease to the highest bidder. As such, the specific use of the site cannot be determined
until after the lease is auctioned and awazded. The landowner is the State of Hawaii.
(Exhibit A -Change of Zone application)
2. Reasons for the Request: The property, originally intended for the development of
Kawaihae Harbor, has remained vacant since it was acquired by the State of Hawaii in
1959. The property however, was not included in subsequent plans for the development
of the harbor, and has remained vacant and underutilized, receiving little interest based on
its current Open zoning. There has been interest in the property for commercial uses, and
the applicant believes that the MCX zoning will allow the highest and best use of the
property.
'fhe Department of Land and Natural Resources is responsible for managing
State-owned lands that will promote the social, environmental and economic well-being
of its residents and insuring that these lands are used in accordance with the goals,
policies and plans of the State. The public land trust obligation of the State requires a
balance to ensure that sufficient lands aze available for public use as well as to take
advantage of opportunities to maximize revenues for the State. The State has addressed
the need for public recreational opportunities in the area through Executive Order 4042
which conveyed the adjacent shoreline parcel (TMK: 6-1-3: 14, approximately 4.fi7 acres)
to the County of Hawaii Department of Parks and Recreation. The change of zone, if
approved. would allow the highest and best use of the property and enable the State to
generate maximum revenue from the property.
The requested MCX zoning would also address the increasing demand for goods
and services in the Kawaihae area as a result of population growth in the district, the
construction of an alternate passenger terminal at Kawaihae Hazbor as recommended by
the State's 2020 Master Plan for Hazbors, and the Hawaii Superferry, anticipated to bring
additional passengers and vehicles to the project azea on a regular basis.
STATE AND COUNTY PLANS
3. State Land Use Designation: Urban.
4. General Plan LUPAG Map: Industrial.
5. County Zoning: Open.
6. Proposed MCX Zoning: The purpose of the MCX (industrial-commercial mixed use)
district is to allow mixing of some industrial uses with commercial uses. The intent of
this district is to provide for areas of diversified businesses and employment opportunities
by permitting a broad range of uses, without exposing non-industrial uses to unsafe and
unhealthy environments. This district is intended to promote and maintain a viable mix
of light industrial and commercial uses. The height limit in the MCX district is 45 feet.
The minimum yazds in the MCX district are front yazds 20 feet, side and reaz yazds, none,
except where the adjoining building site is in a RS, RD, RM or RCX zoned district.
Where the side or rear property line adjoins the side or reaz yazd of a building site in a RS,
RD, RM or RCX zoned district, side or rear yazd must conform to the side or reaz yard
requirements for dwelling use of the adjoining district.
7. Chapter 343, HRS: As the property is owned by the State, the proposed action is subject
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restaurants, convenience store, gas station, and marine related businesses within the
Kawaihae urban corridor.
12. U.S.D.A. Soil Type: KOC, Kawaihae very rocky very fine sandy loam 6 to 12 percent
slopes. Permeability is moderate, runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
Rock outcrops occupy 10 to 20 percent of the surface. This soil is used for pasture
13. Land Study Bureau's Productivity Rating: Unclassified.
14. Noise Impacts: Shirt-term noise impacts associated with firture construction activities
can be addressed by complying with all applicable State rules governing construction
noise abatement.
15. Air Quality: Fugitive dust during the development of the site can be mitigated by
compliance with the Department of Health's regulations. According to the applicant,
given the temporary nature of the construction time period, the potential impacts of the
construction activities should be minimal. The lessees of the property will be required to
comply with all applicable Federal, State and County requirements, including the
requirement to utilize best management practices to minimize dust impact.
16. FIRM: Zone "X", an azea outside of the 500-yeaz flood plain.
17. Coastal Hazards: Although the property is not an oceanfront pazcel, the property is
located within the coastal high hazazd azea. The Civil Defense Agency notes that the
property is in the tsunami inundation area.
18. Recreational Resources: The proposed request will not reduce the size of the coastline
or other azeas used for public recreational uses.
19. Visual Resources: The applicant states that it is unlikely that development of the
property will adversely affect the scenic resources in the vicinity of the project area.
20. Flora/Fauna: Botanical consultant Evangeline J. Funk, Ph.D. conducted a botanical
survey of the site on Apri19, 2004. The study concluded that no species of concern or
candidate, proposed, or listed threatened or endangered species were found during the
survey and none were expected. Although a faunal survey was not conducted, due to the
extensive prior disttubance of the site as a temporary holding azea for cattle, the applicant
states that it is highly unlikely that any listed threatened or endangered species would be
-4-
to the requirements of Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, regazding Environrental
Impact Statements. A Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) declaration was
published in the December 23, 2004 bulletin of the Office of Environmental Quality
Control.
8. Coastal Zone Management, HRS, Chapter 205A: "fhe entire State of Hawaii lies
within the Coastal Zone Management area.
9. Special Management Area: The SMA is a part of the Coastal Zone Management
Program regulated by the County. The project site is situated in the SMA, thus a SMA
Use Pennit would be required prior to any development on the site. The applicant intends
to offer long-term leases which will be sold by public auction and awarded to the highest
bidder. The specific use or uses of the site cannot be determined until after the lease(s)
are auctioned and awarded. As such, it would be premature to consider the SMA Use
Permit application until the approval of this request by the County Council and the
subsequent awazding of the lease for the site.
DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA
10. Subject Property: The property is a vacant, approximately 1.32-acre pazcel ranging in
elevation from approximately 10 to 35 feet above mean sea level. The property was
previously used by Pazker Ranch as a temporary holding area for cattle awaiting
shipment. Parker Ranch owned the property between 1935 and 1959 and the property has
remained vacant since the applicant acquired the property in 1959.
11. Surrounding Zoning and Land Uses: Lands adjacent to the property are zoned Open.
The Kawaihae Lighthouse is located north of the property, as is the Department of
Hawaiian Home Lands' partially developed 90-acre industrial park and small residential
lot subdivision. The parcel adjacent to the south and west is State-owned land reserved
for public recreational purposes by Governor's Executive Order 4042, and is utilized by
the Kawaihae Canoe Club for storage of their canoes and supplies. The property across
the Akoni Pule Highway to the east is vacant and zoned MG-la. The Kawaihae Harbor
and its industrial, recreational and commercial sport fishing activities are the predominant
land uses in the vicinity of the project area. There is a small commercial complex with
-3-
found on the site. Bird species in the area include the Japanese White-eye, House
Sparrow, Cardinal, House Finch, Warbling Silverbill, Spotted Dove and Barred Dove.
21. Archaeological/Historical Resources: An archaeological inventory survey of the
property was conducted by Haun & Associates in July, 2004. The survey identified one
site with fow featwes (Site 24180). The features consisted of a stone wall, a stone
alignment and an adjacent configuration of metal posts or stakes, a low terrace, and series
of intact and displaced concrete piers. No further work or preservation was
recommended for the site. By letter dated September 1, 2004, the State Department of
Land and Natural Resowces has agreed with the findings, and has indicated that the
survey meets the requirements governing standazds for archaeological inventory surveys
and reports.
22. Cultural or Native Gathering Rights: There is no evidence of any traditional and
customary Native Hawaiian rights being practiced on the site, nor existence of any known
valued cultwal, historical or native resowces in the area.
23. Traffic: According to the applicant, the proposed use of the pazcel for
industrial/commercial purposes is not anticipated to have any significant adverse impact
on road and traffic circulation in the azea.
24. Public Access: There is no record of a designated public access to the shoreline or
mountain azeas that traverses the property.
PUBLIC UTILITIES AND SERVICES
25. Access: Access is proposed from the Akoni Pule Highway, aState-owned highway with
two 12-foot wide lanes and paved shoulders.
26. Water: County water is available to the site.
27. Wastewater: All wastewater will be disposed of by an individual wastewater system
meeting with the approval of the State Department of Health.
28. Solid Waste: Solid waste will be handled by commercial haulers.
29. Essential Utilities and Services: Electricity and telephone services are available to the
site. The closest fire station is located approximately seven miles south of the site. The
closest police station is located approximately eleven miles from the property in Waimea.
-5-
AGENCIES' AND ORGANIZATIONS' COMMENTS
30. Department of Public Works: Exhibit B - Apri129, 2005 Memo
31. Department of Environmental Management: Exhibit C - Apri16, 2005 Memo
32. Fire Department: Exhibit D - Apri122, 2005 Memo
33. Civil Defense Agency: Exhibit E - Apri122, 2005 Memo
34. Department of Health: Exhibit F - Apri128, 2005 Memo
35. Department of Transportation: Exhibit G -April 21, 2005 Memo
AGENCIES - NO COMMENTS OR OBJECTIONS
36. Department of Parks and Recreation
AGENCIES - NO RESPONSE
37. Department of Water Supply, Real Property Tax Office, Department of Land and
Natural Resources Land and Historic Preservation Division, Natural Resources
Conservation Service
PUBLIC COMMENTS
38. None as of this writing.
-6-
CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION
COUNTY OF HAWAII
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
(Type or legibly print the requested informatic,~t~;~ f 1 ~ r M r
a '73
APPLICANT: State of Haw De f Land and~,atural Resource
APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE. ~ DATE: 2/lo/t15
ADDRESS: Attn: Keith Cilun Developm t nager, Land Division,
P.O. Box 621, Honolulu, Hawaii 96809
LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER:
LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS:Peter T. Young, Chairperso,
PHONE:(Bus.) (808 j 587-0405 (Res. (Fax) (808) 587-0390
LANDOWNER(S): State of Haw Del of Land and Natural Resources
LANDOWNERSIGNATURE(S : 1 DATE: 2/10/05
(M~y be 6 1
LANDOWNER(S)ADDRESS:Land D vision, P. B x 621, Honolulu, HI. 96809
REQUEST: Open (0) In ustrial-Commercial Mixed (M'CS)
(Existing caning) (Proposed Zoning)
TAX MAP KEY: (3) 6 -1- 3 : 15
STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: None
SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S) TO BE REZONED: 1 .32 acres
AGENT: Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant
ADDRESS: 101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217, Hilo, Hawaii 96720
TELEPHONE: (Bus.) (808) 935-7692 (Res.) (808) 935-7486 (F~) (808) 935-6126
Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent.
ORIGINAL: AFplicant COPIES: Agent
(See Instructions on Reverse Side) EXHIBIT
ATTACHMENT
Commercial, RM, Resort, & Industrial
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
COUNTY OF HAWAII
APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE
1, if your request is approved, do you intend to subdivide
the subject land in accordance with the approved change
of zone? No
If yyes, please answer the rest of question I and then to
question 3.
a• How many acres of the requested area do you intend to
subdivide?
b. Into what lot sizes?
c. if your request is approved, approximately how long
after the date of approval do you expect to submit
your subdivision plans to the Planning Department
for preliminary approval?
If you intend to subdivide, please submit a preliminary
schematic subdivision plan together with your change of
zone application form.
2. If you nave no firm plans of subdividing the subject area,
do you intend to:
a. Sell or lease the land to someone who has firm
plans?
b. Sell or lease the land to someone who has tentative
plans?
c. Sell or lease the land to someone who has no plans?
a. Keep it?
e. other (please state) The subject lands are"public lands" subject
to Chapter 171, Hawaii Fevised Statutes (HRS). IIpon approval
of the change of zone, the Applicant intends to offer a long-
term lease over this site. In accordance with H&S 171-13, the
lease of the subject property will be sold by public auction
and awarded to the highest bidder. As such, the specific use
or uses of the site will not be determined until after the
lease is auctioned and_ararded.
f. If you intend to do either a, b, or c, please elaborate
on the kind of plans the other party has. Please, also,
include in your answer approximately how soon after
approval of your rezoning do you expect to transfer the
subject land to another party.
3. What specific building plans do you have for the subject land?
Include in your answer the following: type of building
(apartment, office, launderette, etc.); financing arrangement;
timetable for construction; and any other information which you
feel might help us in evaluating your request.
Please see the response to question 2e.
4. Have you performed any study which would demonstrate a need fox
your proposed building and/or development? No
if so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided
below.
Although a specific study has not been performed for the
subject property, an inventory of vacant land zoned Industrial,
Hired Industrial/Commercial, and Commercial vas prepared for
the Ravaihae region. Baccluding the Department of Transportation
Harbor complex, there are approximately 80 acres of vacant .
Industrial zoned lands, 7 acres of vacant Commercial and no Mixed-
Coaercial~Industrial zoned lands in the Ravaihae region_ 'Phe
Applicant believes that the MCR zoning and the site characteristic
of the subject property will provide opportunities for commercial
uses that are not attracted to the existing vacant industrial or
commercial properties. For example, there has been interest in
constructing a quality restaurant on the subject property to take
advantage of the property's proximity to the ocean and spectacular
views of the South Rohala coastline.
-2-
5• Have you performed any study which discusses the
environmental impacts your request would nave on the
surrounding area and/or the County? Yes
If so, please elaborate on your findings in the space
provided below. ~ Final Environmental Bssessment/Finding of No
Significant Fact (FONSI) for the proposed action vas published
in the December 23, 2004 edition of "The Environmental Notice".
Short tern impacts anticipated from the proposed action include
increased noise levels, dust and exhaust from machinery involved
with construction activity to develop,the property_ The lessee
of the property v31i be reuuired to.ehmpiy with ail applicable
state and County requirements to.utilise~best management
practices to minimize impacts. Potential long term impacts
include drainage and runoff which vili be addressed through
compliance with the requireaents of the Department of Public
Korks_
6. Are there any buildings on the subject area? No
If so, what kind?
What do you intend to do with those buildings if your
request is approved?
Is the subject land currently being used for any
agricultural activity? No
if so, please list the kinds of products grown on and
how many square feet or acres of land per product?
-3-
g• To your knowledge, has there been any flooding and/or
drainage problem on the subject area? No
If so, please describe the problem.
9. Do you think that the roads leading to the subject area
needs improvement? No
If so, what kind?
Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume
or load? Yes
10• What sort of governmental assistance and/or improvements
do you feel will be needed in the subject area when
developed?
a. Schools X
b, Roads R
Sewer x
d. Drainage X
e. Police Protection X
f. Fire Protection R
X
9, Recreational Facilities
X
h. Recreational Facilities
i.
-4-
For those checked "yes," please elaborate what type or kinds of
improvements and/or assistance are needed.
11. Have you performed any historic sites study and/or survey of the
subject area? If so, what were the results? Please, also;
submit a copy of the study together with this change of zone
supplement. An archaeological inventory survey of the subject
property vas conducted by Haun ~ Associates. The survey found
one historic site (Site No. 24180), a complex of probable
military features from the World Nar II era. In a letter-dated
December 6. 2004, the State Historic Preservation Division
stated, "Sufficient information vas collected during the subject
survey, and we concur that no further wort is needed for Site -
24180_" The subject inventory survey is included as an
Appendix to the Savironmental Assessment submit ed with the
a lication.
Signature:
Address: P.0. Sox 621 o u HI 96809
Telephone: (808)587-0401
Date: 2/10/05
-5-
ti~zan75nn
F]I~iAL AND
1~1Il~1G OF N0 3Q~UNICANI' IMPAC'T'
THE KAWAIHAE PROJECT'
Kawaihae 1st, South Kohala, Hawari
DECEMBER, 2004
PREPARED FOR:
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NA"I`[ JRAI. RESOURCES
LAND DIVISION
P.O. Box 621
Honolulu, Hawari 96809-0621
PREPARED BY:
BRIAN T. NISHIMiJRA, PLANNING CONSULTANT
101 AUPUNI STREET
SUITE 217
HILO, HAWAII 96720-4221
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Purpose I
1.2 Identification of Proposing Agency 1
l.3 Identification of Approving Agency 1
1.4 Technical Description 1
1.5 Project Background 4
1.5.1 Need for the Project 4
1.5.2 Laod Use Designations .............................................................................................................................5
1.5.3 Listing of Permits and Approvals ............................................................................................................5
1.6 Agency and Public Consultation 5
2. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ......................................................................................................................6
2.1 Physical Environment .....................................................................................................................................6
2.1.1 Geology and Hazards ...............................................................................................................................6
2.1.2 Soils ..........................................................................................................................................................6
2.1.3 Cliroate .....................................................................................................................................................7
2.1.4 Hydrology and Drainage 7
2.1.5 WaterQuality ..........................................................................................................................................5
2.1.6 Flora and Fauna S
2.1.7 Air Quality 9
2.1.8 Noise 9
2.1.9 Scenic Resources 10
2.2 Social, Cultural and Economic Setting 10
2.2.1 Socio-Economic Characteristics 10
2.2.2 Adjacent Land Uses 11
2.3 Public Facilities and Services 12
2.3.1 Roads 12
2.3.2 W ater System 12
2.3.3 Protective Services 12
2.3.4 Schools ....................................................................................................................................................12
2.3.5 Power and Communication Systems 13
2.3.6 Wastewater 13
2.3.7 Solid Waste 13
2.4 Archaeology, Historic and Cultural Resources 13
3. SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL AllVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED
MITIGATION MEASURES ...................................................................................................17
3.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................17
3.2 Short Term Impacts 17
3.3 Long Term Impacts 17
4. ALTERNATIVES .............................................................................................................18
4.1 No Actiou Alternative 18
4.2 Alternative Uses 18
5. DETERMINATION, FINDINGS AND REASONS FOR SUPPORTING DETERMINATION ..............19
5.1 Significance Criteria 19
5.2 Findings ........................................................................................................................................................21
5.3 Reasons Supporting lletermination 21
REFERENCES
APPENDIX A -PERMITTED USES IN THE MCX ZONED DISTRICT
APPENDIX B -REPRODUCTION OF COMMENTS MADE DURING THE PRE-ASSESSMENT
COMMENT PERIOD
APPENDIX C -LETTER REPORT, APRIL 12, 2004, EVANGELINE J. FUNK, Ph.D
APPENDIX O -ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY
APPENDIX E -REPRODUCTION OF COMMENTS MADE DURING THE 30-DAY COMMENT PERIOD
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), is the owner of
approximately 1.32 acres of land in Kawaihae ln, South Kohala, Island of Hawaii, Tax Map
Key: (3) 6-1-3: 15, The subject property is currently vacant and DLNR intends to submit a
change of zone application to the Hawaii County Planning Department to allow for light
industrial or rrtixed commerciaUindustrial uses. Once the property is rezoned, DLNR intends to
offer along-term lease or leases over the property for sale by public auction. The purpose of this
Environmental Assessment is to comply with the requirements of Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised
Statutes (HRS) which are triggered by the use of State land.
1.2 Identification of Proposing Agency
Mr. Peter Young is the Chairperson of the Board of Land and Natural Resources. The mailing
address for the Department of Land and Natural Resources is P.O. Box 621, Honolulu, Hawaii
96809.
1.3 Identification of Approving Agency
In accordance with Chapter 343, HRS, the Department of Land and Natural Resources is the
appropriate accepting authority of the Environmental Assessment.
1.4 Technical Description
Tax Map Key No. (3) 6- I-3: 15 is an undeveloped parcel consisting of approximately 1.32 acres
of land situated within Kawaihae ls`, South Kohala, Island of Hawaii. The property is located
approximately 1,200 feet northwest of the junction between the Kawaihae Road and the Akoni
Pule Highway. (Please see the attached location map and tax plat map) The elevation of the
subject property is approximately 10 to 35 feet above mean sea level with the gradient sloping in
a southwest direction towards the ocean.
The subject property is currently vacant and zoned Open (O). DLNR will submit a change of
zone application to the Hawaii County Planning Department to allow for light industrial or
mixed commerciaUindustrial uses (i.e., MCX zoning district) which is consistent with the
Industrial designation in the County Genera] Plan. Upon approval of the change of zone request,
DLNR intends to offer along-term lease aver the property by public auction.
The industrial-commercial mixed use district (MCX) is intended to "provide for areas of
diversified businesses and employment opportunities by permitting a broad range of uses,
without exposing non-industrial uses to unsafe and unhealthy environments. This district is
intended to promote and maintain a viable mix of light industrial and commercial uses." (Section
25-5-130, Chapter 25, Zoning Code, Hawaii County Code) A complete list of uses permitted in
the MCX district is provided in Appendix A.
1
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1.5 Project Background
1.5.1 Need for the Project
The subject property has remained vacant since it was acquired by the State of Hawaii in
1959 and originally intended for the development of the Kawaihae Harbor. The subject
property, however, was not included in subsequent plans for the development of the harbor.
The property has remained vacant and underutilized, and DLNR has received little interest in
the property based on its current zoning. There has been interest, however, in the property
tier commercial uses due to the impressive site characteristics of the property which include
proximity to the water and impressive views of the South Kohala coastline and aze especially
attractive to certain commercial operations such as a quality restaurant. DLNR believes that
the mixed commerciaUindustrial (MCX) zoning district, which is consistent with the
County's General Plan designation for the area, will allow the highest and best use of the
property.
The Department of Land and Natural Resources is responsible for managing State-owned
lands ut ways that will promote the social, environmental and economic well-being of
Hawaii's people and for insuring that these lands are used in accordance with the goals,
policies and plans of the State. The public land trust obligation of the State requires a
balance to ensure that sufficient lands are available for public use as well as taking advantage
of opportunities to maximize revenues for the state. The state has addressed the need for
public recreational opportunities in the area through Governor's Executive Order 4042 which
conveyed the adjacent shoreline parcel (TMK: (3) 6-1-03: 14-approximately 4.67 acres) to
the County of Hawaii, Department of Parks and Recreation. The approval of the proposed
change of zone request will allow the highest and best use of the property and will enable the
state to generate maximum revenue from the property.
Moreover, approval of the change of zone request will help to address the increasing demand
for goods and services in the Kawaihae azea spurred by the 43.7 percent district population
growth rate between 1990 and 2000. In addition, the State's 2020 Master Plan for harbors
recommends constructing an alternate passenger terminal at Pier 4, Kawaihae Harbor for
accommodating ocean cruise passengers, and the Hawaii Superferry, which is scheduled to
begin service to Kawaihae in 2006, will also bring additional passengers and vehicles to the
project area on a regular basis. These additional passengers and vehicles anticipated at
Kawaihae Hazbor will increase the demand for commerciaUindustrial facilities.
To address this dernand and allow the site to be put to productive use, DLNR will submit a
change of zone application to the Hawaii County Planning Department to allow for light
industrial or mixed commerciaUindustrial uses, i.e., MCX zoning district. Upon approval of
the change of zone request, DLNR intends to offer along-term lease over this site. However,
because public land laws (HRS § 171-13) require that the lease be sold by public auction and
awarded to the highest bidder, the specific use of the site carmot be determined until after the
lease is auctioned and awarded. Therefore, the impacts discussed in this Environmental
Assessment aze discussed in general terms based on potential impacts that could result from
any of the uses permitted in the MCX zoning district.
4
1.5.2 Land Use Designations
The subject property is situated within the State Land Use Urban District. The County
General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map (LUP AG) designation for most of the
project area is Industrial. The County zoning designation for the property is Open (O). The
project area is situated within the County's Special Management Area (SMA).
1.5.3 Listing of Permits and Approvals
Federal None
State of Hawaii
Department of Health Underground Injection Control Approval of Drywells
Department of Transportation Approval of Driveway Connection(s)
County of Hawaii
County Council Approval of Change of Zone Request
Department of Public Works Approval of Project Construction Plans
Department of Water Supply Approval of Project Construction Plans
Planning Department Plan Approval
Approval of Project Construction Plans
Planning Commission Special Management Area Use Permit
1.6 Agency and Public Consultation
The following public and private organizations and individuals were consulted during the
preparation of this environmental assessment:
United States Fish and Wildlife Services, Division of Ecological Services
State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Historic Preservation Division
State of Hawaii, Dept. of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife
State of Hawaii, Department of Health
State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation
State of Hawaii, Office of Hawaiian Affairs
State of Hawaii, Depaztment of Hawaiian Home Lands
County of Hawaii, Planning Department
County ofHawaii, Department of Public Works
County of Hawaii, Department of Environmental Management
County of Hawaii, Department of Water Supply
County of Hawaii, Police Department
County of Hawaii, Fire Depaztment
Kawaihae Canoe Club
5
2. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
2.1 Physical Environment
2.1.1 Geology and Hazards
Environmental Setting
The project area is located on the lower souththwestern slopes of the Kohala Mountain and
consists of the Pololu volcanic series (Stems and Macdonald, 1946). The Pololu volcanic
series consists mainly of basaltic lava flows.
The volcanic hazard as assessed by the United States Geological Survey for the project area
is "9" which is the lowest risk designation on the island. (Heliker 1990) Zone "9" consists of
the Kohala Mountain, which has not erupted in about 60,000 years and is the oldest volcano
on the island.
The island of Hawaii is one of the most seismically active areas in the world and has
experienced more than twenty lazge earthquakes (magnitude 6 or larger) over the past 166
years. (Wyss and Koyanagi, 1992) Magnitude 6 earthquakes can be expected to cause
structural damage to non-reinforced buildings. The Building Code rating for the entire island
of Hawaii is seismic 7.one 4 which has the highest risk for seismic activity.
The Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) designates the shoreline azea of the parcel fronting
the subject property (TMK: (3) 6-1-03: 14) as being in Flood Zone VE-10 which indicates a
tsunami zone with a base flood elevation of 10 feet. The subject property is situated a
minimum of 50 feet mauka of the shoreline and with an elevation range of 10 to 35 feet
above mean sea level.
Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The proposed industrial or mixed commerciall industrial use of the subject property will not
expose the lessee(s) or the general public to any additional hazard risk that does not already
exist. The volcanic hazard risk designation for the subject property is the lowest on the
island. The Hawaii County Building Code requires that all new structures be designed to
resist forces to seismic Zone ~ standazds.
2.1.2 Soils
Environmental Setting
The soils of the project area consist of the Kawaihae series, as classified by the by the U.S.
Department ofAgriculture Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Soil Survey. (U.S. Soil
Conservation Service 1973) The Kawaihae series consists of somewhat excessively drained,
extremely stony soils that formed in volcanic ash. In a representative profile the surface
layer is dark reddish-brown extremely stony very fine sandy loam over pahoehoe lava
bedrock. Topsoil depth is 2 inches, subsoil depth is 33 inches and the bedrock depth is 20-40
inches. Permeability is moderate, runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate.
The Agricultural Capability Subclass rating for soil is VIIs, non-irrigated which includes
6
soils having very severe limitations that make them unsuited for cultivation and that restrict
their use lazgely to pasture or range, woodland, or wildlife.
Impacts and ,'Mitigation Measures
The elevations of the subject property range from approximately ] 0 to 35 feet above mean
sea level, gently sloping in a southwesterly direction towazds the ocean. Potential erosion
concerns will be addressed with all construction activities complying with the applicable
requirements of the State Department of Health and the Department of Public Works.
2.1.3 Climate
Environmental Setting
The project area is situated along the northwest coast of the Island of Hawaii which is
characterized as having a dry, grid climate. The annual rainfall along this leeward coast is
approximately 10 inches. More than 75% of the annual rainfall occurs during the six month
period between October and March.
The mean annual temperature is 77 degrees Fahrenheit. Northeasterly trade winds
predominate most of the year although strong southwesterly winds during the winter generate
much of the rainfall. The wind patterns aze also mazked by a strong diurnal shift, from
daytime on-shore winds to nighttime off-shore winds. (University of Hawaii Press, 1983)
Impacts
The climatic conditioixs of the project area will not have a significant long term impact on the
proposed project. The strong wind patterns of the azea aze a concern particularly during the
period of construction. Contractors will be instructed to utilize best management practices to
minimize dust impact.
2.1.4 Hydrology and Drainage
Environmental Setting
The primary drinking water in Hawaii is obtained from basal groundwater which results from
rainwater percolating down through the soil ; uu1 permeable volcanic rock. The fresh water
accumulates in large lens-shaped bodies (ce mmonly known as the Ghyben-Herzberg lens)
and floats on the heavier salt water. In dr areas such as Kawaihae (approximately 10 inches
of rainfalUyear) the basal water is probate ly brackish to saline for a considerable distance
inland. This is due to the limited fresh pater recharge and the tidal influence in proximityto
the shoreline.
The low rainfall and highly perme~: ble substrate of the azea also results in no perennial.
streams near Kawaihae. Accord',ng to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) prepared by the
Federal Emergency Managem~_ nt Agency dated September 16, 1988, the project area is
situated within Flood Zone (areas determined to be outside the 500 year flood plain),
Impacts and Mitigation P leasures
7
The proposed use of the subject 1.32 acre pazcel for industriaUcommercial purposes is not
anticipated to have any significant adverse impact on hydrology and drainage. Any potential
impacts may be mitigated by complying with State and County regulations.
2.1.5 Water Quality
Environmental Setting
At its nearest point, the subject property is situated approximately SO feet from the Pacific
Ocean. A parcel designated for public recreational purposes, (Governor's Executive Orcler
4042, TMK (3) 6-1-03: 10) is situated between the project site and the ocean. The coastal .
waters of Kawaihae are classified "A" by the State of Hawaii. These waters are to be
protected for recreational purposes and aesthetic enjoyment.
Lrn~acts
The proposed project is not expected to have any direct impact on marine waters. Any
additional runoffgenerated by the proposed project will be disposed on site.
2.1.6 Flora and Fauna
Environmental Setting
The subject property was previously utilized by Parker Ranch as a temporary holding area for
cattle awaiting shipment off of the island. Parker Ranch owned the property between 1935
and 1959 and the property has remained vacant since the State acquired the property in 1454.
Botanical Consultant, Evangeline J. Funk, Ph.D., conducted a botanical survey of the subject
1.32 acre property on Apri19, 2004. The findings of the botanical survey were provided in a
letter report dated April 12, 2004 and stated, in part, the following:
"We found this site to be vegetated entirely by very few taxa of introduced trees and
herbs. The kiawe trees (Prosopis pallida) are 20 to 35 feet in height and form an almost
closed canopy. The ground cover is vegetative buffelgrass (Censhrus ciliazis) which
partly covers the rock and debris strewn surface. Other introduced plants include a
couple of sea grape trees (Coccoloba uvifera) and an ironwood tree (Casuarina
equisetifolia), a kakalaioa shrub (Caesa]pinia bonduc), some hairy abut$on (Abutilon
grandifolium) and several hairy morningglory vines (Merremia aegyp[ia).
"No species of concern or candidate, proposed, or listed threatened or endangered species
as set forth in the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543
were found during this survey and none were expected."
Although a faunal survey was not conducted, it is highly unlikely that any candidate,
proposed, or listed threatened or endangered species would be found on the project site. This
is due to the extensive prior disturbance of the project site which served as a temporary
holding area for cattle awaiting shipment. Bird species commonly found in the area include
Japanese White-eye and the House Sparrow, Cardinal, House Finch, Wazbling Silverbill,
Spotted Dove, and Barred Dove. The property probably supports rodent, cat and mongoose
populations, although none were observed during several site visits to the area.
8
Impacts
Based on the extensive prior disturbance of the project site, it is highly unlikely that any
candidate, proposed, or listed threatened or endangered species as set forth in the Endangered
Species Act of 1973, as amended are present on the subject property. As such, the proposed
project will not have any significant impact on any protected or native plant or animal
species.
2.1.7 Air Quality
Environmental Setting
The air quality of the subject azea is affected by pollutants derived from the volcanic
emissions from the ongoing Kilauea emption. Other sources of air pollutants to a limited
degree include vehicle exhaust emissions along the Akoni Pule Highway. In general,
however, the ambient air quality of the project area meets all federal and state standards as
evidenced by its designation as an "attainment" area by the State Department of Health,
Clean Air Branch.
Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Short term impacts will result from the construction activity involved with developing the
subject property including dust and exhaust from machinery and vehicles. Given the
temporary nature of the construction time period, the potential impacts of these construction
activities should be minimal. In addition, the lessee(s) of the property will be required to
comply with all applicable state and County requirements, including the requirements to
utilize best management practices to minimize dust impact and comply with provisions of
Hawaii Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-60.1, "Air Pollution Control," and Section 11-60.1-
33, Fugitive Dust.
In addition, the uses allowed in the Industrial-Commercial Mixed District (MCX) are limited
to those which wIll not expose non-industrial uses to unsafe and unhealthy environments.
As such, the proposed action will not have a significant long term impact on the air quality of
the surrounding azea.
2.1.8 Noise
Environmental Setting
A Noise Study prepazed for the Kawaihae Ten-Year Master Plan for the Department of
Hawaiian Home Lands by Y. Ebisu & Associates in 1991 measured ambient noise levels at a
site adjacent to the subject property (':Cawaihae Lighthouse TMK: (3) 6-1-04: 1). The noise
measurements taken on August 28, ~ 991 on the Kawaihae Lighthouse site (50 feet from the
centerline of Akoni Pule Highway's produced an hourly sound level of 58.6 Leq (equivalent
sound level. These noise levels ~:re considered to be "moderate exposures" by federal
standards and well within guide fines for commercial, industrial and other non-noise sensitive
land uses.
9
Impacts and rblitigation ll~Ieasures
Temporary noise impacts will occur from construction activities for the development of the
property and are unavoidable. Mitigation measures can be taken, however, to minimize noise
impacts including the use of mufflers and implementing construction curfew periods. All
project activities must comply with the Administrative Rules of the Department of Health,
Chapter I 1-46, on "Community Noise Control".
2.1.9 Scenic Resources
Environmental Setting
The predominant scenic views in the vicinity of the project area are of the Pacific Ocean and
the South Kohala coastline. The Kawaihae Bay and Harbor azea are listed as site examples
of natural beauty in the Hawaii County General Plan. The view from the Akoni Pule
Highway, however, is obscured by the kiawe trees (20 to 35 feet in height) growing on the
property.
Impacts
The value of the subject property will be enhanced by taking advantage of the scenic views
of the Pacific Ocean and the South Kohala coastline. As such, it is unlikely that development
of the subject property will adversely affect the scenic resources in the vicinity of the project
area.
2.2 Social, Cultural and Economic Setting
2.2.1 Socio-Economic Characteristics
Setting
Hawaii County's population increased by more than 56,000 persons between 1980 and 2000.
Between 1980 and 1990, Hawaii Island's population increased by 30.7 percent, and increased
by 23.6 percent between 1990 and 2000. The April 1, 2000 population figure for Hawaii
County was 148,677 according to census figures compiled by the County of Hawaii,
Department of Research and Development.
The population of the South Kohala district increased tremendously from 4,607 in 1980 to
13,131 in 2000. Although the rate of growth has slowed from the 98.4 percent experienced
between 1980 and 1990, the 43.7 percent district growth rate experienced between 1990 and
2000 exceeded the County's overall growth rate by nearly two to one.
The rapid population growth reflects the growth of employment opportunities in the region.
The major economic activity for the South Kohala district is the tourism industry led by the
three major destination resort complexes of the Mauna Kea Resort, Mauna Lani Resort and
Waikoloa Beach Resort. The three major destination resorts can boast seven of the top
fifteen employers in the County of Hawaii.
Kawaihae Harbor is one of the two deep-draft commercial hazbors serving the Island of
Hawaii. It is an important infrastructural component that facilitates and supports the
economic activity and growth in the region. Over 98% of Hawaii's goods come through the
10
harbors, providing essential commodities such as food, clothing, building materials,
automobiles and fuel for the growing businesses and industries within West Hawaii. (State
Department of Transportation, Hazbors Division, August, 1998)
An analysis of vacant land m the vicinity of the project site that is already zoned for
industrial and/or commercial uses indicates that there are approximately 80 acres of vacant
industrial zone lands in the Kawaihae region (excluding lands within the Department of
Transportation harbor complex.) There aze approximately 7 acres of vacant commercial
zoned properties, and no mixed industriaUcommercial (MCX) zoned lands (which is the
zoning district that DLNK intends to seek for the subject property.)
Gnpacts
The proposed change of zone and subsequent availability of the subject property for
industriaUcommercial uses will help address a small portion of the demand for
industriaUcommercial parcels for the South Kohala district and in particular, the area
surrounduig Kawaihae Harbor. The subject property possesses a combination of unique
characteristics which makes it ideally suited for addressing the demand for
industriaUcommercial uses in Kawaihae. The property is blessed with spectaculaz views of
the ocean and the South Kohala coastline which enhance opportunities for commercial uses
that are not attracted to the existing vacant industrial or commercial properties. In addition,
the property has direct access from the Akoni Pule Highway as well as water commitments
for three water units from the Department of Water Supply. The proposed action, in and of
itself, will not generate growth, but will address demands generated in support of the growing
population and economy in the region.
2.2.2 Adjacent Land Uses
Existing Setting
The project azea is situated in a sparsely populated segment of the northwestern section of the
South Kohala district. The Kawaihae Harbor and its industrial, recreational and commercial
sport fishing activities is the predominant land use in the vicinity of the project azea. There is
a small commercial complex with restaurants, convenience store, gas station, and marine
related businesses within the Kawaihae urban corridor. The Department of Hawaiian Home
Lands has a partially developed 90 acre industrial park and small residential lot subdivision
north of the project area.
The parcel situated immediately north of the subject property is the site of the Kawaihae
Lighthouse. The parcel adjacent to the south and west of the subject property is state owned
land reserved for public recreational purposes by Governor's Executive Order 4042. The site
is being utilized by the Kawaihae Canoe Club for storage of their canoes and supplies. The
property across the Akoni Pule Highway to the east of the subject property is vacant.
Impacts and Mitigation Mensures
Aside from the government-owned parcels unmediately adjacent to the north, south and west
of the subject property, there aze commercial and industrial zoned pazcels directly across the
street'and also within 500 feet of the subject property. The proposed change of zone to allow
the pittl'(Yerty to be leased for industriaUcommercial uses will be in character with the majority
11
of the Land uses along this section of the Akoni Pule Highway and is consistent with the
County's long-range plans for the area as set forth in the County's General Plan. Any
impacts on the surrounding properties due to noise and other disturbances caused by the
proposed zoning change will be mitigated through careful construction management practices
and compliance with federal, state and county regulations.
2.3 Public Facilities and Services
2.3.1 Roads
Existing Setting
The Akoni Pule Highway is a two-lane arterial that runs between Kawaihae to Hawi to the
north. The roadway has two IZ-foot wide lanes and paved shoulders. The roadway has an
estimated capacity of 2,430 vehicles per hour total for both directions.
Impacts and 1Llitigati~n Measerres
The proposed use of the subject 1.32 acre pazcel for industriaUcommercial purposes is not
anticipated to have any significant adverse impact on the roads and traffic circulation in the
area. Any potential impacts may be mitigated by complying with the requirements of the
State Department of Transportation.
2.3.2 Water System
Existing Setting
The Department of Water Supply's Kawaihae-Lalamilo-Puako system provides water to the
subject property. In a Letter dated Januazy 28, 2004, the Department of Water Supply
indicated that, "Pazcel 6-1-003:01 S will have a total entitlement of three units of water."
Impacts
The proposed project will not have a significant adverse impact on the existing Department
of Water Supply system serving the subject location.
2.3.3 Protective Services
Existing Setting
The closest County fire station is situated along the Queen Kaahumanu Highway
approximately seven miles south of the project area. The police station is situated
approximately 1 I miles away in the town of Waimea.
Impacts
The proposed project is not anticipated to have any significant adverse impact on the existing
service providers.
2.3.4 Schools
Existing Setting
12
The project azea is served by Waimea Elementary School, Waimea Middle School and
Honokaa High School.
Impacts
The proposed action, in and of itself, will not generate growth, but provides the necessary
support to sustain a growing population and economy in the region. As such, the proposed
use of the subject property for industriaUcommercial uses will not have a significant adverse
impact on the public schools serving the project area.
2.3.5 Power and Communication Systems
Setting
The project area is served by Hawaii Electric Light Company's (HELLO) power lutes and
Verizon Hawaii telephone lines along the Akoni Pule Highway.
Impacts
The proposed action will not have any significant adverse impact on the power and
communication systems serving the region.
2.3.6 Wastewater
Setting
The project azea is not situated within the service limits ofthe County wastewater disposal
system. All wastewater generated will be disposed of by an individual wastewater system
meeting with the approval of the State Department of Health.
Impacts
The proposed action will not have any significant adverse impact regarding wastewater
disposal.
2.3.7 Solid Waste
Setting
There is no municipal collection system for solid waste in the County of Hawaii. Businesses
rely on private firms to collect and dispose of waste at the County's landfill which is situated
approximately 10 miles south of the project site on the mauka side of the Queen Kaahumanu
Highway.
Impacts
The proposed action is not anticipated to have any significant adverse impact regarding solid
waste.
2.4 Archaeology, Historic and Cultural Resources
Setting
1?
An archaeological inventory survey of the subject property was conducted by Haun & Associates
in July, 2004. The findings of this survey are summarized as follows:
"The survey identified one site with four features (Site 24180). The features consist of a
stone wall, a stone aligmnent and an adjacent co~guration of metal posts or stakes, a low
terrace, and a series oFintact and displaced concrete piers. 'l'est excavations identified a
mixed deposit covering portions of the project azea containing portable rernains from at least
three temporal periods. The marine shell and volcanic glass flakes were probably deposited
during prehistoric to early historic times. The square nail, and potentially some of the glass,
probably was deposited during the 1800s to early 1900s. A flat iron on the wall south oFthe
project area probably also dates to this period.
"Bottle glass and construction materials including concrete, aluminum, metal, and asphalt
represent use of the project area during the 1900s, potentially by the U.S. military during
WWII when the Kawaihae and Waikoloa region was used for military training. The
temporary nature of the boat launch's construction (see Figure 4) and the alignments of
possible tent stakes would be expected for a military facility used in the 1940s.
"The mixed nature of the deposit is probably a result of both historic earthmoving activity
and wave action. Haun et al. (2003) documented a pier a short distance north of the project
azea that was abandoned after it was damaged by a tsunami in 1946. The same event
potentially damaged the nearby boat launch and displaced the concrete piers in the seaward
portion of the project azea.
"Site 24180 is assessed as solely significant for it information content. The site has yielded
information important for understanding historic land use in the project azea. The mapping,
written descriptions, photography, and test excavations at the site adequately document it and
no further work or preservation is recommended for the site."
A complete copy ofthe Archaeological Inventory Survey ofTMIC: 3-6-1-03: 015 is provided as
an addendum to this environmental assessment.
The South Kohala district and Kawaihae in particular, had a significant role in Hawaiian history.
Writing about Kawaihae Kirch (1985) states:
"The port of Kawaihae, with its sheltered natural harbor, was an important calling point for
many of the early European voyagers and traders. For about five yeazs 1790-1794, it was the
primazy residence of Kamehameha I as he regrouped and prepared his forces for the ultimate
conquest of Maui, Molokai, and Oahu. Here at Kawaihae, on a prominent natural rise
above the harbor, Kamehameha I constructed (or, most probably, rebuilt and expanded) a
massive war temple (Luakini) named Pu'ukohola. It was on the alter of Pu'ukohola in 1791
that Kamehameha offered up the body of his arch-rival and cousin Keoua, as an offering to
Kuku' ilimoku, his personal war god."
Excerpts taken from Haun's historical documentary reseazch (Haun, 2004) provides the
following:
"In the mid-1800s Kawaihae was a populaz anchorage for foreign vessels. Hawaiian chiefs
were actively involved in foreign trade, and food, sandalwood, firewood, pulu, and fresh
water were exchanged for imported goods (Kelly 1974:36-77). These items were generally
14
brought from azeas outside Kawaihae, but salt was one important trade good produced
locally. Awell-developed salt manufacturing system was maintained near the beach and
each salt pan was said to be named (Kelly 1974:33-34). Apparently salt was an important
traditional exchange item for Kawaihae residents as well, being traded to Kona and other
parts of Kohala for food and tapa. (Barrere 1983:30) In Allen 1987:15)."
"Eazly 1900s land use in Kawaihae is described in oral historical interviews conducted by
Hammett et al. (1991), Carlson and Rosendahl (1990), Maly (1999), and Orr (2003).
William Akau moved to Kawaihae as a child in 1928. Water was obtained from a well neaz
the Doi Chevron Station. Water was also obtained from the gulch neaz Pu'u Kohala when it
was still a perennial stream. In about 1931, a water line from Waimea was built and the well
was no longer used. Mr. Akau's grandfather used to raise fish for Pazker Ranch in a pond
where the old salt works were located. Mr. Akau and Mr. Eddie La'au, Jr. remember that
people living along the coast south of Kawaihae used to come to Kawaihae by canoe to trade
dried fish for dry goods and produce.
"In the 1930s, Kawaihae was a bustling place with twice weekly steamship arrivals. Cast
iron street lamps illuminated the village streets at night. The ships anchored offshore and
transferred goods using lifeboats until the concrete territorial pier (Site 23860) was
constructed ui 1937. Cattle were the principal export. The cows were driven down from
Waimea early in the morning and kept in large corrals near the pier. There was a building
with restrooms (Site 23859) at the pier and a building were the cowboys would spend the
night before returning to Waimea. There were two dry docks in town that served the fishing
fleet based at Kawaihae. Kawaihae families were fish retailers and wholesalers selling fish
throughout the island and shipping fish to Honolulu. The hills behind the coastal village
were planted with limes, mangos, tomatoes, melons, and other produce.
"Mr. Masaru Doi and Mr. Akau recounted events at Kawaihae during World War II. Barbed
wire was stretched along the entire shoreline where a series of gun emplacements were
established. A huge tent camp was built and the area was used for troop training. The
soldiers mined the territorial pier with explosives. Fishing was greatly reduced and forbidden
to people of Japanese descent. The Doi family began lazge-scale raising of pigs fed with the
food waste from the military camp. Following the war Kawaihae town suffered from
unemployment and was seriously damage (sic) by a tidal wave in 1946. The wave destroyed
the pier and it was never repaired; however, ii continues to be depicted on the 1995 USGS
Kawaihae Quadrangle map (see Figure 1), adjacent to the project area.
In 1955, construction of the Kawaihae Harbor began and it was completed in 1959 (Hammatt
et al. 1991). This radically changed the at, ~peazance of coastal Kawaihae, the flow of the
ocean, the feeding habitat of several species of marine life, and the lifestyle ofthe people of
Kawaihae Village and others who frequ-anted the shores of the Kawaihae black sand beach."
Kimura International, Inc. interviewed M, .David Houle, a Parker Ranch representative, while
preparing a Phase I Environmental Site ;\ssessment Report for the subject property. Mr. Houle
stated that Parker Ranch built cattle pe its on the property to hold the cattle for shipment to the
other islands. (Kimura International Inc., April, 2004)
Impacts
IS
The archaeological inventory survey report prepared by Haun and Associates stated that, "The
mixed nature of the deposit is probably a result of both historic earthmoving activity and wave
action." Physical as well as anecdotal evidence indicates that the subject property was probably
utilized as a cattle holding area as well as a possible military camp over the past 70 years. Haun
and Associates concluded that, "The mapping, written descriptions, photography, and test
excavations at the site adequately document it and no further work or preservation is
recommended for the site. In a letter dated September 1, 2004, the State Historic Preservation
Division provided their comments on the subject archaeological inventory survey and stated, in
part, the following:
"We agree with your significance assessment under Criterion D, as solely significant for
its information content. The mapping, written descriptions, photography and test
excavations sufficiently document the site and we agree that no further work is
warranted.
"In general, the report meets the requirements of Title 13 § 13-276 governing standards
for archaeological inventory surveys and reports. We anticipate accepting it as fatal on
the condition you send us a replacement page," (The requested revisions have been made
and submitted to the State Historic Preservation Division via transmittal letter dated
September 10, 2004.
The historical research and interviews with former residents of Kawaihae indicated that salt
production, fishing and cattle export were important activities in Kawaihae. Approval of the
subject request will not inhibit these activities from continuing. The state owned parcel fronting
the subject property is reserved for public recreational purposes by Governor's Executive Order
4042. The site is being utilized by the Kawaihae Canoe Club for storage of their canoes and
supplies and also provides public access to the shoreline. Based on the foregoing, the proposed
action is not anticipated to have any impact on traditional and customary cultural practices.
16
3. SUMMARY OP' POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVII20NMENTAL IMPACTS AND
PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES
3.1 Overview
As previously mentioned, DLNR intends to submit a change of zone application for the subject
property to allow for light industrial or mixed commerciaUindustrial uses on the property, and
subsequently offer along-term lease or leases for such uses. However, because public land laws
(HRS § 171-13) require that the leases be sold by public auction and awarded to the highest
bidder, the specific use or uses of the site cannot be determined until after the lease(s) are
auctioned and awarded. Therefore, the impacts discussed in this Environmental Assessment aze
discussed in general terms based on potential impacts that could result from any of the uses
permitted in the MCX zoning district.
3.2 Short Term Impacts
Construction Activity
Impacts: Short term impacts will result from the proposed construction activity related to
developing the property for industriaUcommercial uses including increased noise levels, dust acrd
exhaust from machinery.
Mitigation: Given the relative short construction time period involved in developing a relatively
small (1.32 acre) site, the potential impacts of the construction activities should be minimal. In
addition, the lessees} of the property will be required to comply with all applicable state and
County requirements including the State Department of Health regulations and any requirements
to utilize best management practices to minimize impacts.
3.3 Long Term Impacts
Drainage:
Impacts: County requirements stipulate that, all development generated runoff be disposed on
site and cannot be directed towazd any adjacent properties.
Mitigation: The lessee(s) will be responsible for obtaining all necessary permits to comply with
all drainage requirements, including any requirements to utilize best management practices to
minimize any potential impacts.
17
4. ALTERNATIVES
41 No Action Alternative
The no action alternative would restrict the potential use of the subject property to open space or
pazk use as permitted by the existing Open (O) zoning designation. DLNR has received little or
no interest in the property based on the current zoning and the property remains underutflized.
DLNR believes that allowing light industrial andlor commercial uses on the property would
improve the utilization of the property. It should also be noted that DLNR, as the trustee of
public lands, owes a fiduciazy duty to the trust beneficiaries in its management of public lands.
The proposed rezoning is in furtherance of DLNR's efforts to put its lands to the highest and best
use and maximize revenues for the trust.
At the same time, DLNR recognizes the public benefits of retaining the Open designation of the
shoreline area for public recreational use, and in furtherance of this, DLNR initiated the set aside
of the adjoining parcel (TNII{: (3) 6-1-03: 14) to the County of Hawaii, Department of Parks and
Recreation, for public recreational purposes under Governor's Executive Order 4042. The site is
approximately 4.67 acres in size and provides public access to the shoreline. A portion of this
parcel is being utilized by the Kawaihae Canoe Club for storage of their canoes, but there is
ample space available for expanded recreationa(use by the County. There has been no
indication that the additional 1.32 acres provided by the subject property is necessary or even
desired for public recreational purposes.
4.2 Alternative Uses
Alternative uses may be considered for the subject property. It should be noted however, that
any change of zone request other than an industrial or industrial-commercial mixed use district
would require an amendment to the County General Pian.
18
5. DETERMINATION, FINDINGS AND REASONS FOR SUPPORTING
DETERMINATION
51 Significance Criteria
According to the Department of Health Rules (11-200-12), an applicant or agency must
determine whether an action may have a significant impact on the environment, including all
phases of the project, its expected consequences both prsmazy and secondary, its cumulative
impact with other projects, and its short and long-term effects. In making the determination, the
Rules establish "Significance Criteria" to be used as a basis for identifying whether significant
environmental impact on the environment if it meets anyone of the following thirteen criteria.
1. Involves an irrevocable commitment to loss or destruction of any natural or cultural
resources.
The proposed project involves the change of zone fora 1.32 acre parcel from open to
industrial-commercial mixed use to allow the property to be utilized for industrial or
mixed commerciaUindustrial uses. The prior use of the property as a holding pen for
cattle as well as a military camp site has resulted insignificant ground disturbing activity.
As such, the subject property does not contain any existing natural or cultural resources
that will he destroyed or irrevocably lost by the proposed action.
2. Curtails the range of beneficial uses of the environment.
T'he proposed change of zone will entrance rather than curtail the range of beneficial uses
of the environment. 'The development of the subject site for industriaUcommercial uses is
consistent with the other land uses already estahlished within this azea of Kawaihae.
3. Conflicts with the State's long-term environmental policies or goals and guidelines as
expressed in Chapter 344, HRS; and any revisions thereof and amendments thereto,
court decisions, or executive orders.
The proposed action is consistent with the Environmental Policies established in Chapter
344, HRS, and the National Environmental Policy Act.
4. Substantially affects the economic or soc ial welfare of the community or state.
The proposed action will have a positive inpact on the economic and social welfare of
the community. The availability of the s ~ ibject 1.32 acre pazcei for industriaUcomnrercial
use and the pazcel's unique site charact .ristics will provide an excellent opportunity for
an industrial or commercial lessee. T ~ese site characteristics include proximity to the
ocean and hazbor, spectacular views , f the South Kohala Coast, direct access from the
highway and sufficient water com ,fitments to support development. The proposed action,
in and of itself, will not generate ;,towth, but provides necessazy support to sustain a
growing population and ec:ono „y in the region.
]9
5. Substantially affects public health.
The proposed action will not have any substantial impact on public health. Potential
noise, air, water and drainage impacts will be addressed through careful construction
management practices and compliance with federal, state and County requirements.
6. Involves substantial secondary impacts, such as population changes or effects on
public facilities.
The proposed project will not have any substantial seconday impacts because it is not a
generator of growth. Rather, the proposed action will support and sustain a growing
population and economy in the region.
7. Involves a substantial degradation of environmental yuality.
The lessee(s) of the property will be required to comply with all federal, state and County
requirements to protect environmental quality. As such, the proposed project will not
involve a substantial degradation of environmental quality.
8. Is individually limited but cumulatively has considerable effect on the environment,
or involves a commitment for larger actions.
As stated previously, the proposed action will not have any substantial secondary impacts
and is consistent with the County's long range plans for the area. The proposed action
does not involve a cotmnitment for lazger actions and will not induce other actions having
a cumulative effect on the environment.
9. Substantially affects a rare, threatened or endangered species or its habitat.
The project site has been extensively disturbed by previous uses and does not have any
candidate, proposed, or listed threatened or endangered species on the property. As such,
the proposed action will not have any substantial adverse effect on any raze, threatened or
endangered species or its habitat.
10. Detrimentally affects air or water quality or ambient noise levels.
Short term impacts will result from the proposed action including increased noise levels,
dust and exhaust from machinery involved in the construction of project improvements.
However, any construction is not expected to be lengthy or extensive given the relatively
small size of the pazcel, and therefore, the potential impacts of these construction
activities should be minimal. The lessee(s) of the property will be required to comply
with all applicable federal, state and County requirements, including complying with
State Department of Health regulations and any requirements to utilize best management
practices to minimize all impacts.
11. Affects or is likely to suffer damage by being located in an environmentally sensitive
area, such as a flood plain, tsunami zone, beach, erosion-prone area, geologically
hazardous land, estuary, freshwater, or coastal waters.
20
The project site is not situated in an environmentally sensitive area such as a flood plain,
tsunami zone, beach, erosion-prone area, geo(ogicatly hazardous land, estuary,
freshwater, or coastal waters.
12. Substantially affects scenic vistas and view planes identi5ed in county or state plans
or studies.
The predominant scenic views in the vicinity of the project azea are of the Pacific Ocean
and the South Kohala coastline. The Kawaihae Bay and Harbor area are listed as site
examples of natural beauty in the Hawaii County General Plan. The view from the Akoni
Pule Highway, however, is obscured by the kiawe trees (2D to 35 feet in height) growing
on the property. As such the proposed project will not substantially affect the scenic
vistas and view planes of the area.
13. Requires substantial energy consumption.
The proposed project will not require substantial energy consumption,
5.2 Findings
Based on the foregoing information presented, it is determined that the proposed action to allow
industriaUcommercial uses on the project site will not have a significant effect. As such, a
determination of a Finding of No Significant Impact for the proposed action is appropriate.
5.3 Reasons Supporting Determination
The nature and scale of the proposed action is such that no significant environmental effects are
anticipated. Potential impacts, if any, can be mitigated through cazeful construction management
practices and compliance with all governmental requirements including those of the State
Department of Health and the County Department of Public Works.
21
REFERENCES
Haun & Associates, '?004. Archaeological Inventory Survey, "fMK: 6-1-03: li, Land of
Kawaihae 1, South Kohala District, Island of Hawaii
Hawaii County Code. 1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6 1999. Section 25-5- (30,
Chapter 25, Zoning Code, Hilo.
Heliker, C. (990. Volcano and Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawaii. Washington: GPO
Kimura International, Inc. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Report, TMK: 6-1-03: parcel
I~, Kawaihae, South Kohala, Hawaii, April, 2004
University of Hawaii Department of Geography. 1483. Atlas of Hawaii. University of Hawaii
Press, Honolulu.
U.S. Soil Conservation Service. 19T . Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii.
Washington: U.S.D. A.
Stearns, H.T. and vlacdonald G.A. 1946. Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the lslcrnd
of Hawaii. Bulletin 9, Hawaii Division of Hydrography. Advertiser Publishing Co., Ltd.
Honolulu.
Y. Ebisu & Associates. 1991. Noise Studv For The Kawaihae Ten Year h~Iaster Plan Kawaihae,
South Kohala, Kawaii. Prepared for the RM Towill Corporation
APPENDIX A
PERMITTED USES IN THE MCX ZONED DISTRICT
(Section 25-5-130, Chapter 25, Zoning Code, Hawaii County Code)
Section 25-~-132. Permitted uses.
(a) The following uses shall be permitted in the MCX district:
1) Agricultural products processing, minor.
2) Amusement and recreation facilities, indoor.
3) Art galleries, museums.
4) Automobile sales and rentals.
Automobile service stations.
6) Bars and nightclubs.
7) Broadcasting stations.
8) Business services.
9) Car washing.
10) Catering establishments.
l 1) Cemeteries and mausoleums, as permitted under chapter 6, article 1 ofthis code.
12) Churches, temples and synagogues.
l3) Cleaning plants using only non-flammable hydrocarbons in a sealed unit as the
cleaning agent.
14) Commercial parking lots and garages.
15) Community buildings, as permitted under section 25-4-11.
16) Convenience stores.
17) Data processing facilities.
13) Day-care centers.
l9) Financial institutions.
20) Food manufacturing and processing.
21) Home improvement centers.
22) Kennels in sound attenuated buildings.
23) Laboratories, medical and research.
2=1) Manufacturing, processing and packaging estabGslunents, light.
2~)Medical clinics.
26) bleethtg facilities.
27) Motion picture and television production studios.
28) Offices.
29) Photographic processing.
30) Photo~aphy studios.
31) Plant nurseries.
32) Public uses and structures, as permitted under section 25-d-11.
33) Publishing plants for newspapers, books and magazines, printing shops,
cartographing, and duplicating processes such as blueprinting or photostating shops.
3d) Repair establishments, minor.
3 ti) Restaurants.
36) Retaii establishments.
37) Sales and service of machinery used in agricultural production.
38) Schools, business.
39) Schools, photography, art, music and dance.
40) Schools, vocational.
41) Self-storage facilities.
42) Telecommunications antennas, as permitted under section 25-4-12.
43) Temporary real estate offices, as permitted under section 25-4-8.
44) Theaters.
45) Utility substations, as permitted under section 25-4-11.
46) Veterinary establishments in sound-attenuated buildings.
47) Warehousing.
48) Wholesaling and distribution operations.
(b) In addition to those uses permitted under subsection (a) above, the following uses may be
permitted in the MCX district, provided that a use permit is issued for each use:
1) Crematoriums.
2) Nfajor outdoor amusement and recreation facilities.
3) Yacht harbors and boating facilities.
(c) Buildings and uses normally considered directly accessory to the uses permitted in this
section shall also be permitted in the MCX district.
APPENDIX B - h RODUCTION OF COMMENTS Iv. -JE DURING THE PRF.-
ASSESSMENT CONSULTATION PERIOD
1. State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Historic Preservation
Division, May 7, 2004.
2. State ofHawaii, Department of Health, District Environmental Health Program Chief,
April 1, 2004.
3. State of Hawaii, Office of Hawaiian Affairs, April 14, 2004.
4. State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, May 3, 2004.
5. County of Hawaii, Department of Water Supply, January28, 2004.
6. County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works, Engineering Division, April 12, 2004
7. County of Hawaii, Department of Environmental Management, Apri12, 2004.
8. County of Hawaii, Fire Department, Apri126, 2004.
9. County of Hawaii, Planning Department, April 13, 2' X04.
10. Kawaihae Canoe Club, July 6, 2004.
UNOA L1Ni.LL f"./ ~ 30AXO (:F li1N0 ANU NA NRA{, RESG4RCE5
iOVERNOR OF 4AWAll ! / ~ CG.MNISSION ON WATCR RESOURCE NANgGEMFNT
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STATE OF HAWAlI 3UREAU OF CONVEYANCES
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~NSERVq TION ANO CC.ASiA~:ANpS
DE?ARTAAENT OF L.aND AND NATURAL RESOURCe'S =CNSERVanpNANpRESpuRCesENFGacEMExr
ENGINEERMG
NIS ~ ORIC ?RE3cRVATION DIVISiCN -aRESTRVeNpwlicuFE
~~qR orna+' K,iKI,'HIHEvVA 3UILDING. RCOM tARCOUwE''~unp aesERVEic
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{APCLR!. HAWAII 36707
May 7, 2C04
Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant LOG N0: 2004.1441
101 Aupuni SUaet, Suite 217 DOC N0: 0405MM04
Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4221
Dear Mr. Nishimura:
SUBJECT: Chapter 6E-3 Historic Preservation Review [StateiDept, of land and Natural Resources]
Pre-c~vironmentai Assessment Consultation, Proposed Lease of State Land far Industrial
or CommerciaUlndustrial Uses
Kawaihae 1st, South Kohala, Hawaii Island
TMK: (31 6-1-003:015
thank you far your letter dated March 31, 2004, and your request for our comments on the prooosed change of zone for
the subject prepery. 'Ne understand DLNR intends to orfer a long-term lease rot sale by public auction, and to rezone
the property to allow for mixed cgmmercia4 and industrial uses.
Earlier this year, at the request of Mr. Harry Yada of the Land Division, our Hawaii Island staff conducted a brier Held
inspection to determine if historic sites were present, or likely to be present on the subject property. Early maps of this
area indicate there were habitation sWctures on the shoreline at Kawaihae during fhe eatdy past-contact period, and the
prevalence of cattle ranching and cattle-related commerce at Kawaihae strongly suggest there would be both a pre-
contact and historic period component to any sites on the property. The property is covered wish a fairly dense stand or
kiawe, much of ~,vhich has been pushed down by strong winds, Flooding and high winter Butt has deposited large
amounts or modern trash closer to the ocean, and within a deeply incised drainage channel along the south side of the
property. Several archaeological features were noted, however, including a terrace, several walls, and the remnants of
what may have been part or a Diet. Deep sails were also noted, which suggests that significant bused cultural deposits
may be present
We recommend, therefore, that an archaeological inventory survey he undertaken to identify all historic sites, evaluate
their significance and propose mitigation treatments, if needed. Such mitigation measures may be recommended to
Hawaii County Planning as a condition of any rezoning approvals. -
If we can provide further clarification about this review, please contact either MaryAnne Maigret (808) 327-36°0 or Dr.
Patrick McCoy (808) 0°2-8029.
Aloha,
P. Nally IMcEtdowney, Administrator
State Historic Preservation Division
MM:jen
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
P.O. 8aX 41fi
HILO. HAWAIf 46721~~916
April 1, 2004
VIr. Brian T. ~ ishimura
Planning Consultant
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo. Hawaii 96730--1221
Subject: Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation
State of Hawaii, Department of Land & Natural Rzsourczs
Proposed Lease of State Land for Industrial or Commercialr'Industrial uses
Kavvaihae 1", South Kohala. Island of Hawaii
Tas ~Iap Key: (3) 6-1-3:15
Underground Injection Systems (Ph. 586--1253) which receive 4vaste~.vater or storm run-offs from
the proposed development nezd to address the requirements of Chaptzr Hawaii State
Department of Health Administrative Rules, Title 11, "Underground Injection Control"
The :\rmy Coms of Engineers should be contacted at (808) •138-9253 ro identify whether a
Federal license or permit (including a Department of :army permit) is required For this
project. Pursuant to Section 401(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Act (commonly
known as the "Clean Water Act"), a Section 401 Water Quality Certirication is required for
"[a]ny applicant for Federal License or permit to conduct any activity including, but not limited
to, the construction or operation of facilities, which may result in any discharge into the
navigable waters...."
National Pollutant Dischazge Elimination System (NPDES) general permit coverage is
required for the fouowing activities:
a. Storm water associated with industrial activities. as der7ne in Title 40. Code of
Federal Regulations, Sections 122?6(b)(14)(i) through 133.26(b)((=!)(ix) and
123?6(b)(14)(si);
b. Construction activities, including clearing, grading, and excavations, that result in
the disturbance of equal to or ;rester than one (1) acre of total land area. The
total land area includes a contiguous area where mtrltiple separate and distinct
construction activities may be taking place at different times on different
schedules uncle: a larger common plan of development or sale. An YPDES
permit is required before the commencement of the construction activities.
c. Discharge of treated ertluem from Peaking underground storagz tank remedial
activities;
Brian T. Nishimura
Page
April 1, 2001
d. Discharge of once through cooling water less than one (1) million gallons per day;
e. Discharge ofhydrotesting water;
f. Discharge of construction dewatering effluen[;
Discharge of treated effluent from petroleum bulk stations and terminals;
h. Discharge of treated effluent from well drilling activities;
i. Discharge of treated effluent from recycled water distribution systems:
j. Dischazges of storm water from a small municipal sepazate storm sewer sys[em;
and
k. Discharge of circulation water from decorative ponds or tanks.
The Clean Wa[er Branch (CWB) requires that a Notice of Intent. (NOI) to he covered by a
NPDES general permit for any of the above activities be submitted a[ least 30 days before the
commencement of the respective activities. The NOI forms may be picked up at our office or
downloaded from our website at httn::/www.state hi usidoh/eh/cwbiformsi~enl-index html
The applicant may be required to apply for an individual NPDES permit if there is any type of
activity in which wastewater is discharged from the project into State waters and/or coverage of
the discharge(sl under the NPDES general permit(s) is not permissible. An application for the
NPDES permit is to be submitted at least 180 days before the commencement of the respective
activities. The NPDES application forms may also be picked up at our office or downloaded
from website at http:,%www.state.hi.usidoh/ely~cwb/forms;indiv-index.html
Hawaii .administrative Rules, Section 11-55-38, also requires the owner to either submit a copy
of the new NOI or NPDES permit application to the State Department of Land and Natural
Resources, State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) or demonstrate to the satisfaction of the
DOH that the project, activity, or site covered by the NOI or application has been or is being
reviewed by SHPD. Please submit a copy of the request for review by SHPD or SHPD's
determination letter for the project.
If you have any questions, please contact the CWB at 586-4309.
No future notification or consultation on the Environmental Assessment is needed at this time.
Sincerely,
"
Aaron Ueno
District Environmental Health Program Chief
WORD:Nishimura-Pre E.a-DLYR.my
PHONE (808) 594-1888 FAX (808) 594-1865
.
\\/~j
i
~'4~
~"sa.. J.
STATE OF HAWAII
OFFICE OF HAWAIIAN AFFAIRS
71 ~ KAPI'OLANI BOULEVARD, SUITE 500
HONOLULU, HAWAI'196813
HRD04-1341
April 14, 2004
Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, HI 96720-4221
Subject: Pre-Environmental Consultation, State of Hawaii, Department
of Land and Natural Resources -Proposed Lease of State Land for
Industriai or Commercialllndustrial Uses, Kawaihae 1s', South Kohala,
Island of Hawaii, TMK: (3) 6-1-03:15
Dear Brian;
Thank for your letter dated March 31, 2004 regarding the pre-environmental
consultation for the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural
Resources' proposed (ease of State land for industrial or commerciallindustrial
uses, located at Kawaihae is`, South Kohala, Island of Hawaii, TMK: (3) 6-1-
03:15. Your letter requests that the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) review
and comment on the proposed project.
OHA staff doesn't have enough information on what type of industrial or
commercial/industrial uses are proposed on the subject parcel to offer
comments at this time. However, OHA looks forward to the opportunity to
review and comment on the Draft Environmental Assessment for the project
when it is finalized.
If you have questions or concerns please contact Matthew Myers, Policy
Advocate at 594-1945 or matthewmQoha.org.
'0 wau iho no,
CIyd~W. Namu'o
Administrator
LINDA LINGLE ' ~ n ' RODNEY K HARAGA
GOVERNOR '95D pIRECfOR
I 1
pCPfllY GII![IIX
4~ BRUCE Y. lAATSUI
Y LINDEN H. JOESTIN6
~~,rj;~
g
yP"~ BRIAN H. SEKIGUCMI
STATE OF HAWAII IN REPLY REFER T0:
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
869 PUNCHBOWL STREET STP 8.1126
HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5097
May 3, 2004
Mr. Brian T. Nishimrua
Planning Consultant
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, Hawaii 967"LO-4221
Dear Mr. NishimLUa:
Subject: Proposed Lease of State Land by DLNR at Kawaihae, Hawaii
Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation
TMK: (3) 6-1-3: 15
Thank you for your notice of the subject proposed lease of land by the Department of Land and
Natural Resoiuces and requesting our comments on the proposal. We have the following
comments:
1. Our Highways Division should be consulted regarding any access onto Akoni Pule
Highway.
2. From the information provided, we are unable to determine the scale and magnitude of
the proposed development. The amount, type and mix of the uses and activities to be put
on the subject site may require a Traffic Impact Analysis Report (TIAR) to determine any
impacts to our roadway.
3. Please keep us listed and informed as a concerned party.
We appreciate the opportunity to provide our comments.
Very truly yours,
1-----.
i
RODNE' K. H GA
Directo of Transportation
O~•1. GeAf
t'p DE ~RTMENT OF WATER SUP} _Y COUNTY OF HAWAII
3° 345 KEKUANAOA 51REET, SUITE 20 • HILO, HAWAII 96720
yl~ur M°wP" a° TELEPHONE (606) 961 -8050 • FAX (BOB) 961-8657
January 28, 2004
- r~--~.c
~o~
y°r; I
nCG N
Mr. Harry M. Yada ~o o
District Land Agent
State of Hawaii
Department of Land and Natural Resources ` `
75 Aupuni Street, Room 204
Hilo, HI 9b720
REASSIGNMENT OF WATER UNITS TO TAX MAP KEY 6-1-003:015
IN CONNECTION WITH CONSOLIDATION ACTION
OF TAX MAP KEY 6-1-003:010, 011, AND 014
This letter is to confirm that the Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) can reassign two
water units from the parcel resulting from the consolidation of Parcels 6-1-003:010, 6-1-003:01 1, and
6-1-003:014. The two water units will be reassigned to Parcel 6-1-003:015. Parcel 6-1-003:01 ~ is
contiguous to the parcel resulting from the consolidation of Parcels 6-1-003:010, 6-1-003:01 1, and
6-1-003:014. Parcel 6-1-003:015 will then have a total entitlement of three units of ~~~ater. The parcel
resulting from the consolidation of the three parcels will keep the existing service now being used for
the benefit of Parcel 6-1-003:010 and will not be entitled to additional units. We will keel: a record of
this reassignment for our Customer Service Section.
Should there be any questions, please contact Mr. Lawrence Beck of our Water Resources and
Planning Branch at 961-8070.
Sinccrel-y yours,
ilton D. Pavao, P.E.
Manager
LBBaco
copy - DWS Customer Service (Hilo)
1A/afow hri.h,~~t nannwoh•t
f
Bruce C. McClure
Director
Harry Kim
,l/agar
~a.~--
F
C"~~~tt Ronald K Takahashi
Dizie Kaetsu
,Lfanaging Director DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS
Deputy Direcmr
IOI Pa uahl Street, Sui[e 7 Hilo, Hawaii 96720.4224
(808) 961.8321 Fax (808) 961$630
April 12, 2004
Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant
101 Aupuni S[reet, Suite 217
Hilo, HI 96720- 4221
Subject: Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation
State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources
Proposed Lease of State Land for Industria] or Commercial Uses
TMK: (3) 6-1-003:015
Kawaihae I South Kohala, Island of Hawaii
We received your request dated March 31, 2004. Please show the property in relation to
the coastal flood zone in the submittals for change of zone in the study. We reserve the
opportunity to further comment on the application for change of zone. Thank You.
If y have any questions, please contact Khan Emler of our Kona office at 327-3530.
en M. Kuba, Division Chief
Engineering Division
KE
c: ENG-HILO/KONA
JMSV Oi
4~~ ~ .7~
Harry Kim - Barbara Bell
Mayer Dircdor
~1y w
~ Jib
ri ai •H•
C~ixixtttg of ~tziutzti
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
25 Aupunl Stree4 Room 210 • Rilo, Hawaii 96720252
(808) 96t-8083 • Faz (808) 961-8086
Apri12, 2004
Mr. Brian T. Nishimura
Planning Consultant
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, HI 96720-4221
Re: Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation
State of Hawaii Department of Land & Natural Resources -Proposed Lease of
State Land for Industrial or CommerciaUIndustrial Uses
TMK:(3)6-1-3:15
Kawaihae 1~`, South Kohala, Island ofHawai'i
Thank you for your letter of March 31, 2004.
We have no comments to offer regarding the proposed project and there will be no need for
further noti$cation or consultation.
~-~i'~
BarBar/~I
DIRECTOR
M~7 w.'•?6
iF- ~ ..~;.rh
Harry Kim - ~ Darryl J. Oliveira
Mayor Flre Chkf
..,;R,o.;~ Desmoad K. Wery
Uepcry Fire Chkj
~outttp of ~~Yoa~i'f
FIRE DEPARTMENT
25 Aapani Street • Suite S03 • H4{o, Hawaii 96720
(808)961-8247 Faz (808)961-8296
April 26, 2004
Mr. Brian T. Nishimura
Planning Consultant
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, HI 96720-4221
Dear Mr. Nishimura:
RE: PRE-ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CONSULTATION
STATE OF HAWAII, DEPARTMENT OF LAND & NATURAL RESOURCES
PROPOSED LEASE OF STATE LAND FOR INDUSTRIAL OR
COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL USES
TAX MAP KEY: (3) 6-1-3: 15
KAWAIHAE 1ST, SOUTH KOHALA, ISLAND OF HAWAII
This responds to your request for comments on the above-referenced
pre-environmental assessment consultation.
We have no comments to offer at this time regarding the project.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment.
Sincerely,
®ARR ~~L OLIVEIRA
Fire Chief
NA:Ik
~p\I COG
v y~
i <
Hmnn Pi Cnnuhr i~ nn Fnunl nvnrlrmifv Pnmidvr and Fnmlmrr.
,•tY o1 N~
c°.' - yy
Harry Kim ,E _ Christopher 1. Yuen
Mayor
Dirrctar
'•rj'a.F.N'i•
Roy R. Takemot~
Deputy D(rtctar
~1tL[TC~~7 II~ ~2TfllMti
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
IOI Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720-3043
(808)961-8288 Fax(808)961-8742
April 13, 2004
Brian T. Nishimura
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4221
Dear Mr. Nishimura:
SUBJECT: Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation Comments
Proposed Change of Zone for Sale of Long Term Lease of State Land for
Industrial or Commercial/Industrial Uses
State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR)
Kawaihae ls`, South Kohala, Island and County of Hawaii
Tax Maa Kev: (3) 6-1-003:015
We are in receipt of your letter, dated March 31, 2004, requesting our pre-consultation comments
in connection with your preparation of a draft Environmental Assessment for the proposed
DLNR project.
We understand the DLNR intends to apply for a change of zone to allow for industrial'or mixed
commercial/industrial uses on the subject property and to subsequently offer along-term lease for
sale by public auction of the vacant property.
As mentioned in your letter, the subject 1.32-acre parcel is zoned Open by the County of Hawaii.
The property is situated in the State Land Use Urban district and is in the Hawaii County Special
Management Area (SMA). The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map of the
General Plan (GP) designates this general area as Industrial. 'T'here is a band of Open along the
shoreline, as there is around most of the island, but this band cannot be precisely scaled off to a
set width. It is meant to signify a policy that open space along the shoreline should be protected.
Rezoning of this entire parcel to Industrial can be considered under the present LUPAG map
designation, but consideration will have to be given to the effect that it may have on shoreline
open space in the rezoning and SMA process.
Brian T. Nishimura
Page 2
April 13, 2004
In view of the above, the DEA should be sure to include a detailed discussion on the inventory of
land in the vicinity of the subject property that is currently zoned for industrial and mixed
industriaUcommercial uses. Included in this discussion should be a snunmary of the number of
vacant lots and land area currently available as well as that currently in industrial and mixed
industriaUcommercial use.
Rule 9-4(10)A(iii), Planning Commission Rules of Practice and Procedure, identifies a change in
the density or intensity of use of land as "development" in the SbIA. Therefore, a Special
Management Area Use Permit Assessment (SMAA) application shall be submitted and a
determination issued prior to approval of a change of zone. In lieu of review under the SMAA
process, the applicant may determine that the proposed use, activity or operation will: a) exceed
$125,000 in valuation; or b) have a significant adverse effect on the SMA. The applicant must
then petition the Planning Commission for a Special Management Area Use Permit, which must
be approved prior to any change of zone approval.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the proposed project. Should you have questions,
please feel welcome to contact Larry Brown or Esther Imamura ofmy staff at 961-8288.
Sincerely,
CHRISTOPHER J. YLJErY~
Planning Director
LMB:mad(lmb
P:\WPWMGO\Larry1EA-EIS Comments\Nishimura-DLNR 6-13-IS PreDEA cmnts.doc
xc: DLNR
Planning Department -West Hawaii Office
BRIAN T. NISHIMURA, ~ CANNING CONSULTANT
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4221
Phone: (808) 935-7692 Fax: (808) 935-6126 E-mail: btnishi@interpac.net
September 14, 2004
Mr. Christopher J. Yuen, Director
County of Hawaii
Planning Department
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3
Hilo, Hawaii 96720-3043
Subject: Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation Comments
Applicant: State of Hawau, Department of Land and Natural Resources
TMK: (3) 6-1-003: 15
Dear Mr. Yuen:
Thank you for providing your comments regarding the subject matter ut your letter dated April
13, 2004. Upon review of your comments, we have prepared the following response to address
the issues raised in your letter.
Ouen Soace Atona the Shoreline: As stated in your letter, the Open designation along
the shoreline on the County General Plan LUPAG Map `5s meant to signify a policy that
open space along the shoreline should be protected--"' The open space abng the
shoreline fronting the subject property will remain protected inasmuch as a parcel
designated for public recreational purposes under the jurisdiction of the County of
Hawaii, Department of Parks and Recreation, (Governor's Executive Order 4042, TMK
(3) 6-1-03: 10) is situated between the prc+ject site and the shoreline.
2. Inventory of Vacant Land Zoned Industrial, Mixed IndnstriaUCommercial, and
Commercial Ilse: The following is an inventory of vacant land in the vicinity of the
subject property zoned for industrial, Waxed industriaVcommercial and commercial uses
(based on information provided on tF,e Coutrty's Real Property Tax website).
a. Vacant Industrial Zoned Lands _MG-la)*
Tax Plat Area (Acres) Comments
6-1-02 5.19 Eig' it vacant parcels ranging io size from .58 acre to .72 acre. Dces not
in olude a 1.7 acre parcel listed on the tax map as a cemetery.
6- (-06 66.99 ~ light vacant parcels within the Kaei Hasa Industrial Subdivision
6-1-04 6.94 A single vacant parcel
6-1-03 19,64 A single vacant parcel with mixed moing (MG-la, CV-10 and A-0Oa).
Area coned industrial not determined
* Does not inc',ude industrial zoned ]ands withht the ICawat7tae Harbor complex which
are set asic' a to the Department of Transportation for harbor-related facilities.
b. Vacant Mixed Industrial/Commercial Zoned Lands (MCX): None.
c. Vacant Commercial Zoned Lands (CV-10):
Tax Map Plat Area (Acres) Comments
6-I-02 4.52 Eight vacant parcels ranging in size from .l9 acre to 2.1 I acre.
6-1-03 2.48 Four vacant parcels excluding the 19.6 acre parcel with mixed
zoning (MG-la, CV-l0 and A-40a).
d. Summary: Excluding the Department of Transportation harbor complex, there are
approximately 80 acres of vacant industrial zoned lands in the Kawaihae region. There
aze approximately 7 acres of vacant commercial zoned properties, and no mixed
commerciallindustrial (MCX) zoned lands (which is the zoning district that DLNR
intends to seek for the subject properly.) MCX zoning and the site chazacteristics of the
subject property will provide opportunities for commercial uses that aze not attracted to
the existing vacant industrial or commercial properties. For example, there has been
interest in constructing a quality restaurant on the subject property to take advantage of
the property's proximity to the ocean and spectaculaz views of the South Kohala
coastline.
3. Special Management Area Use Permit Assessment: Your comment letter states that,
"a Special Management Area Use Permit Assessment (SMAA) application shall be
submitted and a determination issued prior to approval of a change of zone." In the
event that the change of zone request is approved, DLNR intends to offer along-term
lease or leases over this site. However, because public ]and laws (HRS §171-13) require
that the leases be sold by public auction and awarded to the highest bidder, the specific
use or uses of the site cannot be determined until after the lease(s) aze auctioned and
awazded. As such, it would be premature to consider the SMAA application until the
after the change of zone application is approved and the lease awarded to the highest
bidder.
Thank you again for your comments during the pre-environmental assessment consultation period.
We will be submitting a copy of the draft environmental assessment for your review shortly.
Should you have any questions regarding this matter, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely, l ~
J'~.~--~
Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant
Copy -State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Land Division
KAWAIHAE CANOE CLUB
a
DATE: July 6, 2004
TO: Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant
FR: Manny Veincent, President
RE: Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation
State of Hawaii, Department of Land & Natural Resources -Proposed Lease of
State Land for Commercialf Industrial Uses
TMK: (3( G-I-3:15
Aloha Brian,
The State's proposal is fine with the Canoe Club.
We will want further notification or consultation on the proposed project. Further
communication should be directed to me, Club President, at P. O. Box 85G Kamuela, HI
96743.
Thank you.
APPENDIX C -LETTER REPORT
APRIL 12, 2004
EVANGELINE J. FUNK, Ph.D.
botanical consultants
240 makee road honolulu. hawaii 96815 phone (808) 923-4193 fax (808) 923-4193
April 12, 2004
Mr. Brian T. Nishimura
Nishimura Planning
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Dear Mr. Nishimura,
On Apri19, 2004 we conducted a botanical survey of a 1.32 acre site located in
Kawaihae, North Kona, Hawaii (TMK (3) 6-1-03: 15 Kawaihae, 1~, South Kohala)
We found this site to be vegetated entirely by very few taxa of introduced trees and herbs.
The kiawe trees (Prosopis pallida) are 20 to 35 feet in height and form an almost closed
canopy. The ground cover is vegetative buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) which partly
covers the rock and debris strewn surface. Other introduced plants include a couple of
sea grape trees (Coccoloba uvifera) and an ironwood tree (Casuarina equisetifolia), a
kakalaioa shrub (Caesalpinia bonduc), some hairy abutilon (Abutilon grandifolium) and
several hairy morningglory vines (Merremia aegyptia).
No species of concern or candidate, proposed, or listed threatened or endangered species
as set forth in the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531-1543
were found during this survey and none were expected.
Thank you very much.
Yours truly, ('l
Evangel 9ie Funk, Ph.D.
Botanical Wetland Errvironmental Studies
APPENDIX D -ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY (REVISED
SEPTEMBER 10, 2004) AND COMMENT LETTER FROM THE STATE HISTORIC
PRESERVATION DIVISION DATED SEPTEMBER 1, 2004
< o F N~ PETFA T. YUUNU
LINUA LPIGLE e' ~ SOAROOFlAN0 P1M NATURAL PESWRCE9
UOVERNOfl OF HAWAII LOLMS9pN p! WATER RESOURCE LIANAQENBT!
UAN OAVIOSON
UEFUTY lNRECTOR~IANO
YVONNE Y. QU
p, d~y~d and oEPNn ouccroR.wATER
C AOUATIG RESOURCES
BOAPNO ANp OCEAN RECREATION
ly SUREIJI OF CONVEYANCES
STATE OF HAWAII caLa~ssnN ON WATER RESOURCENANA3FMEM
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES coNSERV`ivroRE~souRC~,ESALEN~RCENOTr
ENUNEEHINO
r ~ HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION HISTOHCPRESEi1VAt1ON
~h of HaWa KAKUHIHEWA BUILDING, ROOM 555 IUNOOIAYIE ISIAf10 RESERVE COMMLSSpN
601 KAMOKILA BOULEVARD srArlE
gRSs
KAPOLEI, HAWAII 98707
September 1, 2004
Dr. Alan Haun LO(i NO: 2004.2655
Haun and Associate, Inc. DOC NO: 0408MM22
HCR 1 Box 4730
ICea' au, Hawai' i 96749
Dear Dr. Haun
SUBJECT: Chapter 6E-42 Historic Preservation Review, Archaeological Inventory Survey
(Haun, Henry and Orr, July 2004)
Lands of Kawaihae, South Kohala, Hawaii
TMK: (3) 6-1-003:015
Thank you for your cover letter dated July 9, 2004, and a copy of the above mentioned report (Report
337-061004) for our review, which we received July 13, 2004. The report was prepared for Mr. Brian
Nishimura. Our comments are late and we apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you or your
client.
The information presented in the historical and archaeological background sections of the report is quite
complete and provides an excellent foundation on which to predict the types of historic properties that
might be found in the 1.32-acre parcel. The review of previous azchaeological reseazch is likewise
adequate to guide you in the interpretation and evaluation of site significance. There is one item in the
historic background section, however, that we would recommend be re-examined. The item pertains to
the Fair American incident, as it relates to John Young and his eventual relationship to the Kawaihae area.
Your account, drawn from Rosendahl & Carter (1988), suggests Kealakekua Bay as the setting for the
incident, rather than Kaupulehu. Are we misreading your te;rt or is your source in error?
One site is identified in the survey (24180), which consists of a wall, a stone alignment, a fow terrace, a
configuration of metal posts/stakes, and a series of displaced and intact concrete piers. Test excavations
indicate a deposit probably mixed by historic earthmoving activity and/or wave action. While marine
shell and volcanic glass fragments in the mixed matrix may have originated from pre-contact use, an
intact buried deposit is not indicated. The material remains located in this survey, coupled with the
proximity of a temporary boat launch situated immediately north of the subject property, suggests use by
the military during WWII.
We agree with your signficance assessment under Criterion D, as solely significant for its information
wntent. The mapping, written descriptions, photography and test excavations sufficiently document dre
site and we agree that no further work is warranted.
Dr. Alan Haun
Page 2
In general, the report meets the requirements of Title 13 §13-276 governing standazds for azchaeological
inventory surveys and reports. We anticipate accepting it as final on the condition you send us a
replacement page, if warranted, for the historic background section. In addition, a typo persists in the
project area description (P. 1) and Figure 10 (p. 28) for Highway 270, which, according to our reference
sources, should read Akoni Pule Highway.
If you have any questions about this review, please contact MaryAnne Maigret in our Hawaii Island
office (808) 327-3690 or Dr. Sara Collins in Honolulu (808) 692-8026.
Aloha,
P. Holly McEldowney, Administrator
State Historic Preservation Division
c: Christopher J. Yuen, Director, Hawaii County Planning, 101 Pauahi SCreet, Suite 3, Hilo, HI
96720-3043
Haun & Associates
Archaeological, Coltmal, and Historical Resource Management Services
HCR 1 Box 4730, Keaan, Hawau 96749 Phone: 982-7755 Fax: 982-6343
September 10, 2004 Project 337
Dr. Holly McEldowney, Acting Administrator
State Historic Preservation Division
Department of Land and Natural Resources
601 Kamokila Boulevard, Room 555
Kapolei, Hawaii 96707
Subject: Replacement Pages for
Archaeological Inventory Survey Report
TMK: 6-1-03: 15, Land ofKawaihae 1
South Kohala, Island of Hawaii
Deaz Dr. McEldowney:
Enclosed are replacement pages (3) for the subject report as requested in your letter of
September 1, 2004 (Zog No. 2004.2655, Doc. No. 0408MM22) and a submittal form.
If you have any questions or comments, please contact me at 982-7755.
Sincerely,
an E. Haun, Ph.D.
Principal Investigator
Encl. Replacement pages (3), Submittal Form
cc: Mary Anne Maigret
Brian Nishimura
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY
TMK: (3) 6-1-03: 015, LAND OF KAWAIHAE 1
SOUTH KOHALA DISTRICT, ISLAND OF HAWAII
By:
Alan E. Haun, Ph.D.
Dave Henry, B.S. and
Maria E. Ka`imipono Orr; M.A.
Prepared for:
Mr. Brian Nishimura
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4221
July 2004
Haun 8~ Associates
Archaeological, Cultural, and Historical Resource Management Services
HCR 1 Box 4730, Keaau, Hawaii 96749 Phone: 982-7755 Fax: 982-634;
SUMMAR .
At the request of Mr. Brian Nishimura, Haun & Associates conducted an archaeological inventory
survey of TIviK: 6-1-03:15 a 1.32-acre parcel located in the Land of Kawaihae I, South Kohala, Island of
Hawaii. The objective of the survey was to satisfy historic preservation regulatory review invenmry re-
quirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-
HPD), as contained within Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title li, DLNR, Subtitle 13, Slate Historic Pres-
ervation Rules.
The survey identified one site with four featwes (Site 24180). The features consist of a stone wall,
a stone alie}uttent and an adjacent configuration of metal posts or stakes, a low terrace, and a series of intact
and displaced concrete piers. Test excavations identified a mixed deposit covering portions of the project
area containing portable remains from at least three temporal periods. The marine shell and volcanic glass
flakes were probably deposited during prehistoric to t=arly historic times. The square nail, and potentially
some of the glass, probably was deposited durvtg the 1800s to early 1900s. A flat iron on the wall south of
[he project area probably also dates to this period.
Bottle glass and construction materials including concrete, aluminum, metal, and asphalt represent
use of the project area during the 1900s, potentially by the U.S. military during WWII when the Kawaihae
and Waikoloa region was used for military training. The temporary natwe of the boat launch's construction
(see Figzo~e 4) and the alignments of possible tent stakes would be expected for a military facility used in
the 1940s.
The mixed nature of the deposit is probably a result of both historic earthmoving activity and
wave action. Haun et al. (2003) documented a pier a short distance north of the project azea that was aban-
doned after it was damaged by a tsunami in 1946. The same event potentially damaged the nearby boat
launch and displaced [he concrete piers in [he seaward portion of the project area.
Site 24180 is assessed as solely significant for it information content The site has yielded infor-
mation importarrt for understanding historic land use in project area. The mapping, written descriptions,
photogaphy, and test excavations at the site adequately document it and no further work or preservation is
recommended for the site.
CONTENTS
Introduction 1
Scope of Work 1
Project Area Description 1
Field Methods 4
Archaeological and Historical Background 4
Historical Documentary Research 4
Previous Archaeological Work 22
Project Expectations 26
Findings 27
Conclusion 37
Discussion 37
Significance Assessments 37
Recommended Treatments 38
References 39
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Portion of USGS Kawaihae Quadrangle showing Project Area 2
Figure 2. Project Area Vegetation 3
Figure 3. Remnant of Concrete Boat Launch 3
Figure 4. Concrete Boat Launch showing Concrete Bags 5
Figure 5. Shallow Drainage Adjacent to Parcel 5
Figure 6. Ahupua'a Boundaries and Land Commission Awards 6
Figure 7. Portion of Duperrey's 1819 Map of Kawaihae 14
Figure 8. Portion of Loebenstein's 1903 Map of Kawaihae Bay 21
Figure 9. Previous Archaeological Work 24
Figure 10. Site Location Map ZS
Figure 11. Site 24180, Feature A Wall 29
Figure 12. Asphalt Ramp 29
Figure 13. Site 24180, Plan Map of Features B and C and portions of Feature A 30
Figure 14. Site 24180, Feature 8 Alignment 31
Figure 15. Site 24180, Feature 8 Metal Post 31
iii
ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.)
Figure 16. Site 24180, Feature C Terrace 33
Figure 17. Site 24180, Feature C, TU-1 North Face Profile 33
Figure 18. Historic Artifacts 34
Figure 19. Site 24180, Feature D, Upright and Fallen Piers 34
Figure 20. Shovel Test Stratigraphy 36
TABLES
Table 1. Land Commission Award Claims Kawaihae 18
Table 2. Summary of Previous Archaeological Work 23
iv
INTRODUCTION
At the request of Mr. Brian Nishimura Haun & Associates conducted of an archaeological inven-
tory survey of the c. 1.32 acre TMK: 6-1-03: 15 located in the Land of Kawaihae 1, South Kohala District,
Island of Hawaii (Figure The objective of the survey was to satisfy current historic preservation regula-
tory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Pres-
ervafion Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawau Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Sub-
<>~,.;,,title 13, State Historic Preservation Rules (DLNR 2003).
The survey fieldwork was conducted on May 26, 2004 by a crew of three under the direction of
Dr. Alan Haun. Approximately 3 person days were required to complete the field work portion of the pro-
ject. Described in this final report aze the project scope of work, field methods, background information,
survey findings, and significance assessments of the sites with recommended treatments.
Scope of Work
Based on DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys, the following specific tasks were determined
to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the project:
1. Conduct background review and research of existing azchaeological and historical docu-
mentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity-including ex-
amination of Land Commission Awards, ahupua'a records, historic maps, archival mate-
rials, archaeological reports, and other historical sources;
2. Conduct a high intensity, 100% pedestrian survey coverage of the project area;
3. Conduct detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scale plan draw-
ings, written descriptions, and photographs, as appropriate;
4. Conduct limited subsurface testing (manual excavation) at selected sites (a) to determine
the presence or absence of potentially significant buried cultural deposits or features, and
(b) to obtain suitable samples for radiocarbon age determitration analyses;
5. Analyze background research and field data; and
6. Prepare and submit Final Report.
Project Area Description
The project area consists of a 1.32-acre pazcel bounded on the northeast by Highway 270 (Akoni
Pule Highway), on the southwest by a bare lava State Conservation Land easement, on the northwest by the
Kawaihae Lighthouse site, and on the southeast by a shallow drainage, undeveloped land and the Kawat7rae
Canoe Club facility. The parcel varies in elevation from c. 10-20 ft.
The study parcel receives from 10-20" of annual rainfall (Juvik. and Juvik 1998) and averages day-
time [emperanues of 80 degrees (Armstrong 1983). The parcel is relatively level, sloping slightly towazds
the ocean. Soils within the project area consist of Kawaihae very rocky very fine sandy loam (6-12%
slopes). This soil series is characterized 6y a thin surface layer of reddish brown extremely stony sandy
loath, over a dark reddish brown to dusky red stony silt loam (Sato et al. 1973:26). The soil in this azea is
underlain by Pleistocene Era pahoehoe bedrock associated with Pololu volcanics (Wolfe and Morris 2001).
The vegetation within the parcel consists of kiawe (Prosopis pallrsa [Htmrb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.] HBK.)
and grasses with scatteredtronwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia L; Figure 2).
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Figure 3. Remnant of Concrete Boat Launch, view to easy-northeast
The seaward portions of the parcel have been disturbed by storm surf and/or high winds. Many of
the kiawe trees in this area have been blown down and a lazge amount of modem debris is present. The
rusted frame of a truck is present in the north-central portion of the parcel (see Figure 10). The adjacent
State Conservation Land easement, located along the seaward portion of the parcel also shows evidence of
disturbance. This bare lava area contains the rernnants of a concrete boat launch and numerous waterworn
basalt boulders are scattered over the surface. Debris present amidst the boulders included Large fragments
of concrete, milled lumber and metal.
The boat launch is located along the water's edge, west of the project area. The seaward portion is
comprised of a concrete slab that is 4.0 to ~.0 m long by 3.~ m wide (Figure i and see Figure 10). The area
inland of the slab has been destroyed and is comprised of displaced slab fragments and boulders. One of ttte
displaced slab fragments has a section of a perforated aluminum hinge imbedded into its underside. The
north-northwest and south-southeast sides of the slab are bordered by raised berms comprised of bags filled
with concrete that have been coated in mortar (Figure 4). These berms are 11.0 to 12.5 m long, 1.0 to 1.2 m
wide, 0.4 to 0.6 m in height above the surface of the slab and 0.7 to 1.0 m in height above the surrounding
ground surface.
As stated, a drainage forms a portion of the southeastern project area boundary. The portion of the
drainage within [he parcel varies in depth from 0.5 to 1.2 m (Figure The inland portion of the drainage,
outside the projeci area, is 2A iu 2S m N depth as it passes beneath Highway 270.
Field Methods
The project area was subjected a 100% surface examination with surveyors spaced at IO m inter-
vals. Transects were oriented in a northwest by southeast direction, parallel to Highway 370. Ground sur-
face visibility was good to excellent throughout the parcel. The sites were flagged with pink and blue flame
Bing tape and their locations plotted on a scaled project area map with the aid of Garmin Global Positioning
System (GPS) III+. "the accuracy of the GPS device for a single point is 15 m. This accuracy is in-
creased to less than c. 3-~ meters by taking multiple points including property corners and overlying the
plotted points on a scaled map using AutoCAD software. The sites were subjected to detailed recording
consisting of the preparation of scaled plan maps, the completion of standardized site/feature forms. and
photographic documentation.
Subsurface testing during the project consisted of the excavation of five OS m diameter shovel
tests and one OS by OS m test unit. The shovel tests were excavated ut stratigtaphic layers and were termi-
nated on bedrock. The test unit was excavated in arbitrary levels within stratigtaphic layers and was also
terminated on bedrock. Standardized excavation records were prepared after the completion of each strati-
graphic layer. The soil removed during excavation was screened through ''/I' mesh. Following the excava-
tions, asection drawing depicting the stratigraphy was prepared and the recovered cultural remains were
transported to Haun & Associates.' office for analysis.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Historical Documentary Research
The project area is situated in Kawaihae 1 (Figure Kawaihae is literally translated as "the water
[ofJ wrath (people are said to have fought for water from a pool in this arid area)" (Pukui et al. 1974:97).
Traditional and legendary accounts contain many references to Kawaihae (Kamakau 1992). Maui ali'inui
Kama-lala-walu ignored the advice of his counsel and sent his half-brother Ka-uhi-o-ka-lani (both sons of
Kiha-a-Pi' ilani) to spy on Hawai' i island, to see how large the population was. They landed in Kawaihae.
Ka-uhi-o-ka-lani ran about [hat same evening and returned before the canoes were dis-
mantled and placed in the house. The keepers of the gods a[ Mailekini were servants of
- Kama, and so they concealed the canoes of the spies. When K.a-uhi-o-ka-lani returned his
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6
fellow spies and hosts asked, "where did you go?" "I went visiting from here to the lava
bed and Kiholo, the pond. Then did you turn back?" "No, I wen[ on to the long stretch of
sand, to the small bay with a point on that side and one on this side. There are large
inland ponds." "The sandy stremh is 'Ohiki, and this walled-in ponds are Kaloko and Ho-
?okohau. Then you came back'" No, I wen[ on..." (Kamakau 1992:6).
The next morning the spies began a circuit of Hawaii. After they returned to Nlaui, they reported roKama-
lala-walu the following:
"We went all around Hawaii. There were many houses, but few men. We went to Kohala
and found the men only on the shores...." The spies had seen the land of Kohala but had
failed to see the people for on all of [he fields where sports were held from inner Kohala
to outer Kohala, from Kohala of the coastal cliffs to Kohala of the inland, a crowd of
people gathered every day from morning [o night to play. Kohala was (mown as a [Mekly-
papulated I:md. The spies thought that if Kohala was conquered, Kona, Ka u and Puna
would be easily taken, and they felt [hat Hilo and Hamakua would lend no assistance.
This was true, for [he chiefs of these districts were cousins of the chiefs of Maui (Ka-
makau 1992:6-~7).
While most of the prophets and seers supported Kama-lala-walu's war on his cousins of Hawaii
Island, children of his fathers sister P~ ikea and ~Umi-a-Liloa did not. Some warned [hat if he did go, he
would die and not return to Maui alive. They landed at Kohala and began the destruction of the people of
Kohala. Kanaloa-kua ana, son of Keawe-nui-a'Umi was captured and treated cruelly. "His whole skin was
tattooed, his eyelids turned inside out and tattooed." He was renamed Ka-maka-hiwa.
From Kohala, Kama-lala-walu set forth for Kawaihae, and found no one there. The peo-
ple had gone up to Waimea, for all observed the services at the heiau of Mailekini. Only
those of lower Kawaihae and Puako remained. The battlefield was a[ Waimea. Kama-
lala-walu's counselors said, "Waimea is not a battle site for strangers because the plain is
long, and there is no water.... It is better to go to Kona..." (Kamakau 1992:8).
Kama-lala-walu did not take heed and listened instead to two old men of Kawaihae who gave him
false information and suggested that he cut up his canoes before heading up to Waimea so that Maui warri-
ors would not be tempted [o retreat to Niaui. Then they headed for the plains of Waimea. When they got
there [hey looked back towards the sea and saw the men of Kona advancing toward them.
The lava bed of Kaniku and all the land up to Hu'ehu'e was covered with men from
Kona. Those of Ka'u and Puna were coming down from Nlatma Kea, and [hose of
Waimea and Kohala were on the level plain of Waimea. The men covered the whole of
the grassy plain of Waimea like locusts (Kamakau 1992:58).
The battle of Pu'u~oabaka commenced just outside these plains. The light-weighted lava rocks
here contributed to the defeat of the Maui w:uriors who were used to heavier water-worn rocks. The Maui
warriors retreated; some to Kawaihae, others to Kohala. And because of the lack of canoes, very few es-
caped alive. Ka-utu-a-Kama, son of Kama-lala-walu who was killed on the plain of Puako, escaped to
Kekaha, found a canoe and fled to Nlaui. He was saved by Hinau, the foster son of Lono-i-ka-makattiki.
Many of the chiefs of Kona were relatives of Ka-uhi-a-Kama through his mother Kapu-kini-akua (Ka-
makau 1992:9-60).
After the death of Hawai i Island a[i'inui Lono-i-ka-makahiki, ttis children did not succeed ttim
and Hawaii Island was divided mto smaller divisions (Kamakau 1992:61-63). The descendants of
Kanaloa-kua'ana (Keawe, Ke'eaumoku, Kalani'opu'u and Keoua) later ruled Kohala, Kona and Ka'u. The
descendants of Keawe-nui-a-'Umi ruled Hilo and Hamakua. This was no[ a peaceful period. The chiefs of
Kona and Hilo fought each other for the various resom~ces each area had. These wars lasted for several dec-
ades with [he Hilo chiefs usually defeating the Kona-Kohala chiefs, especially during the reigns of
Kua ana, Kuahdia, Ka-lani-ku-kau-la ala a and Moku. Ke-aka-mahana (w) was the ruler of Kona during
the wars with Hilo.
7
The rulers of Kona who succeeded Ke-aka-mahana were her daughter Keakea-lani and
het son, Keawe [Ke-awe-i-kekahi-ali'i-o-ka-moku]...Keakea-lani was the ruler of Kona
and Kohala. The Mahi clan were the waz leaders, that is they were in charge...But the
chiefs of HIlo were always victorious over those of Kona...after [hey won the battle of
Hu'ehu'e the secret places and burial caves in Kona were broken open... In the battle of
Mahilti, Ka-Tani-ku-kau-la'ala'a and Moku were [he chief war leaders of Hilo (Kamakau
1992:61-63).
After Nloku the Hilo chiefs ceased [o reign. Kohala ali inui Keawe's half sister Ka-Tani-kau-lele-
ia-iwi was the mother of Alapa'i-nui-a-Ka-uaua. who went to live on Maui with his half sister, Ke-ku'i-
apo-iwa-nui (wife of Ke-kau-like, Maui ali'inui) after his father's (Ka-uaua-nui-a-Mahi) death at the hands
of the Hilo chiefs in the battle of N[ahild. When Alapa'i heard of Keawe's death and the unrest between the
district chiefs, he went back to Hawaii Island with plans to make waz on all the chiefs. He captured the
chiefs of Kohala and Kona, and became ruler of those districts. However, when his brother-in-law Ke-kau-
like heard about Alapa'i"s victory, Ke-kau-like made war on .Alapa'i in order to return Kohala and Kona to
their chiefs. He wasn't successful, but Ke-kau-like's warriors prevented Alapa'i from conquering the Hilo
and Ka`u chiefs (Kamakau 1992:64-65). During these battles a lot of damage was done on the landscape.
The fighting began with Alapa`i at Kona. Both sides threw all [heir forces into the hsht.
Ke-kau-like cut down the trees throughout the land of Kona. Obliged to flee by canoe be-
fore Alapa i, he abused the country people of Kekaha. At Kawaihae he cut down all the
coconut trees. He slaughtered [he country people of Kohala.. seized their possessions and
returned to Nlani (Kamakau 1992:66).
In retribution. Alapa'i decided to carry the battle to Ntaui. While Alapa`i and his warriors were
encamped in Kohala. Kamehameha was born to Ke-ku'i-apo-iwa (II) in Kapakai ('I'i, John Papa 1984:3),
in the a/tupun'a of Kokoiki, in the moku of North Kohala near the NIo'okini heinu. Kamakau (1992:67)
says it was AD 1736; however, others say it was between L753 and 1753 with more Leanine towards 1753
(Cahill 1999:56-57). Ile was quickly rake? by Kohala chief Nae-'ole and hidden in Halawa (Kamakau
1992:67-69), his ancestral homeland (Williams 1919:121). Ke-ku'i-apo-iwa (II) was the daughter of Kakela
and Ha'ae. Kamehameha~s father was Keoua, younger brother of Ka-lani-'opu'u. Because of her weakened
condition, Ke-ku'i-apo-iwa did not accompany the Alapa i expedition to Maui. The infant Kamehameha
was placed in the charge of Nae= ole and his younger sister Ke-ku-nui-a-lei-moku until he was five. He was
then returned to Alapa'i who placed the child in the caze of his wife, Ke-aka (Kamakau 1992:68-69).
- Before Alapa'i reached Maui, a dying Ke-kau-like [Ka-Tani-ku'i-hono-i-ka-moku] made his son
Kameharnehanui his successor. Ke-kau-like died enroute to Kula (Karnakau 1992:69). When Alapa'i heard
of his death, he decided not to make war on his sister's son. While visiting them on Maui Alapa'i heard that
the 0' ahu chiefs attacked his relatives on Molokai, so he went there to help (Kamakau 1992:70).
Alapa'i was said to have been a good ruler and loved by the common people, bm his rule had
come about by slaying a(i'inui Ka-lani-nui-'i-a-mamao (father of Kalatti'opu'u and Keoua] and his brother
Ka-lani-ke e-au-moku, rightful oli'inui of Hawaii island, and tanine control. This would be the cause of
several battles between Alapa'i and his nephew, Kalani'opu'u (F..unakau 1992:75-78).
In 1754 .Alapa'i became ill and moved to Kikiako'i a Kawaihae. As his illness progressed "at
Kikiako i in the heiau of Mailekini, Kawaihae, he appointee his son Keawe-'opala to be ruler over the
island" (Kamakau 1992:77). However, this was short-lived due in part to shifting allegiances of Keawe-
- 'apala's chiefs (i.e., his relative Ke'eaumoku) and kahuna, to :o with KalanCopu'u. "A canoe arrived from
Kekaha and brought word to Ke'eaumoku that Ka-Tani-'opr a was a[ Kapalilua (in south Kona) and was
coming to make war against Keawe-'opala. Ke'eautnoku t'~,crefore made up his mind to join forces with
Ka-lani--opu'u" (Kamakau 1992:78). It was that same y ar [hat Kalani opu'u, a lover o[ war, became
ali'inui of Hawaii islaud (Kamakau 1992: 78-79). Kalani`~ pu'u was the son of Ka-lani-nui-i-a-mamao (rul-
ing chief of Ka`u whom the Kumu(ipo was composed f ,;l however, his biolosical father was said to be
Pelt-io-holani. aLi'inui of Oahu (Kamakau 1992:110; c also'hi 1983). About 1754 Kalam'opu'u con-
quered East Nlaui from his wife's brother the Maui ;ng Kamehamehanui (son of Kekaulike) by using
Hana's prominent Pu'u Kau'iki as his foruess. He ap~ .noted one of his own Hawaii chiefs, Puna, as gover-
nor of Hana and Kipahulu. "Many chiefs from Ha• :ui at this tune settled on Maui, some oY them grand-
8
children of Keawe" (Kamakau 1992:79-80).
Conflict between Hawv i chiefs continued. Ke'eaumoku, son of Keawe-poe-poe rebelled against
Kalani opu'u and sec up a fort at Pololu and Honokane. He was attacked by Kalarriopu'u so he moved to
Maui. In 1766 Maui ali'inui Kamehameha-nui became ill in Hana and ceded his lands to his younger
brother Ka-hekili-nui-'Ahu-menu (Kahekili), a fierce warrior and "manipulator." Following the death of
Kamehameha-nui, Ke'eaumoku "maaied" his widow Namahana, a cousin of Ku-nui-akea Kamehameha
_ (Kamehameha I). Their daughter Ka'ahumanu, would later become a favorite wife of Kamehameha I (Ka-
makau 1992:79-84, 309).
Between 1775 and 1779 fighting continued between KalanCopu'u and Kahekili. In 1775
Kalani opu u and his Haoa forces raided and severely destroyed the neighboring Kaupo district, before con-
tinuing several more raids on Molokai, Lanai, Kaho'olawe and parts of West Maui. It was at the battle of
Kalaeoka'ilio that Kamehameha, nephew and favorite warrior of Kalaniopu u, was first recognized as a
g[ea[ warrior and given the name of Paz ea (hard-shelled crab) by the Maui chiefs and warriors (Kamakau
1992:84). Kalani`opu'u re[umed again to Maui in 1776, but was severely defeated by Kahekili's warriors.
In January 1778 Cook landed in Waimea, Kauai and the culture of old Hawaii began its spiraling
change (see Day 1992). Cook left Hawaii For several months, but returned later in the yeaz. Kalatri'opu'u
was fighting Kahekili's forces in Wailua, Maui on November 19, 1778 when Cook's ship was sighted on
his return trip to the islands. Kalani'opu'u visited Cook on the Resolution, while Kahekili visited Clerke on
the Discovery (Kuykendall and llay 1976:16).
When Cook sailed into Kealakekua Bay on January 17, 1779, Kalani`opu`u was still fighting Ka-
hekili on Maui. A[ this time Kahekili's brother Ka'eo-kulaui was ruling chief of Kauai; Ka-hahana was
ruling chief of Oahu and Molokai; Kahekili'ahumanu of western Maui, Lanai and Kaho'olawe; and
Kalani'opu`u was ruling chief of Hawaii and Hana (Kamakau, 1992:84-86, 92, 97-98). On January 25's
Kalani'opu'u visited Cook again at Kealakekua Bay, presenting him with several feather cloaks. In Febru-
ary Cook's plan to kidnap Kalani`opu`u as a hostage was [bwarted and Cook was killed following a skir-
mish over a stolen cutter (Kuykendall and Day 1976:18).
Lieutenant King made the following observation when [hey entered Kawaihae Bay February 6,
1779:
Although [hc northwestern par[ of the bay which...is calla "Coe-yah-ya looks green and
pleasant, yet as i[ is neither wooded or hazdly any signs of culture, and a few houses. It
has certainly some defect, and does not answer the purposes of what the natives cultivate
(Beaglehole 1967:5251n Allen 1989:14).
A month later King made the following observations:
Along the NE side of the bay close to which we Saild [sic), It is very little Cultivated, &
we saw but few houses; the Peoples appearance shewd that they were the lowest Class
that inhabited them [Beaglehole 1967:608 In Rosendah] & Carter 1988:19].
The off and on warring between the Hawed and Maui forces continted, but Kalatti'opu'u was
aging. Kalanio'opu'u schemed for peace by having his son Kiwala'o by Kalola, sister of Kahekili, and [heir
twin half-brothers, go to Kahekili, who had the battles cease (Kamakau 1992:88-89; Desha 2000:49-50).
Kahutia'opu u declared his young son Ka-Tani-kaui-ke-a-ouli Kiwala o to be his heir, to his nephew Kame-
hameha he gave the war god, Ku-ka'ili-moku (Kamakau 1992:107). But even before the death of
Kalani opu'u in 1772, chiefs and ka/tuna were already taking sides between KIwala'o and Kamehameha.
Kamehameha and a few other chiefs wets concerned about thew land claims which Kiwala'o did
not seem to honor, so after usurping Kiwala'o with a sacrificial rime], Kamehameha retreated to his district
of Kohala. While in Kohala, Kamehameha farmed the land growing taro and sweet potatoes (Handy and
Handy 1978:531). After Kalani'opu'u died civil waz broke out and the wars between Maui and Hawaii also
continued (Kuykendall and Day 1976:23, 24; Handy and Handy 1978:528; King 1990).
9
" In 1781, after Kahekili heard about the death of Kalani'opu'u, Kahekili, split his forces and sent
them through Mauti's south-eastern Kaupo Gap and the north-eastern Koolau Gap into Hana. After dam-
ming and diverting the supply of spring water to Pu u Kau'iki, the Hawaii chiefs were finally defeated, and
the Maui nli'inui regained control of Hana in1782 (Katnakau, 1992:8486; 1 LS-116; Fornander 1400:Vo1 II
- 146-7, 150, 216). Following his Hana victory, Kahekili went on to gain control of all the islands except
Hawaii, by trickery and warfare (Kamakau 1992:116, 128-141).
Kiwala'o [Keopuolani's father) was killed in 1782 (Cahill 1999:62), but the warring between the
forces of Hawaf i Island districts continued. Demographic trends during the eazly historic period indicate a
population reduction in some areas, yet show increases in others, with relatively little change in material
culture (Kirsh 1985:308, Kent 1983:13). There was a continuum of craft and slams material, intensification
_ of agriculture, ali'i (chief) controlled aquaculinte, upland residential sites, and oral records which were rich
in information. The Ku cult, along with its luaki»i heiau, and the kapu (restriction or regulation) system
were at their peak, although western influence was already altering the cultural fabric of the islands.
- In 1790, when Captain George Vancouver made his First stop in the Hawaiian Islands he was told
[hat Kalaniopu'u was dead; HawaCi was ruled by Keoua Kuahu'ula (half-brother of Kiwala'o), his uncle
Keawe-mau-hill, and Keoua's cousin, Kamehameha (Day 1984:77). Vancouver went on to trade with
_ KalanikGpu(e in Waikiki. He then found that the ruling chief of Kauai, Ka-umu-alt i, was a mere child; his
father Ka'eo was on Maui with Kahekili. Vancouver also noted a decrease in the population and the num-
ber of chiefs since the arrival of Cook (Kamakau 1992: 162-163).
During this same year the Eleanora, afar-trading vessel, arrived at Kealakekua Bay. Its sister
ship, the Fair American, was becalmed off Kaupulehu where it was attacked and everyone on board was
killed except for crewmember Issas Davis. As the attack was going on, Eleanorn's boatswain John Young
was on shore trading for supplies. Fearing retaliation by the crew of the Eleanora, Kamehameha detained
- Young and allowed his ship to sail without him. Kamehameha took both Davis and Young under his caze
(Kuykendall 1957:2426In Rosendahl & Carter 1988:20).
Young later served as Governor of Hawaz i Island (1802-1812) and maintained a residence at
- Kawaihae, located between Makahuna and Makeahua gulches (Allen 1987:15).
Kame'eiamoku, one of the North Kona chiefs on Hawaii, however, had previously been
_ insulted by Metcalf and vowed revenge oa the next ship that passed his way. By coinci-
dence, it happened to be the Fair American, sceking land neaz Kawaihae Bay. The oppor-
tunity to avenge his insult by foreigners, the defenseless state of the vessel due to its
small crew and inexperienced commander, and the value of the muskets and other iron
implements on board sealed the vessel's doom. Metcalf and his crew were either killed or
drowned. The only survivor was Isaac Davis, who, although wounded, jumped overboazd
aad managed to reach a native canoe, whose occupant clubbed him into submission but
for some reason spazed his life. The Fair American was hauled ashore and Kamehameha
later appropriated it, its guns, ammunition, and other articles of trade, as well as Davis -
himself (Rhodes 1993: Chapter III).
- By 1790 Kamehameha I had gained enough control of the island of Hawaii that he could leave to
join the waz parties on Maui. Kamehameha also had at his disposal western weapons, and an armed schoo-
ner (n.a. 1967:5). Kamehameha brought a cannon from the Eleanora along with the expertise of Isaac
Davis and John Young, who were now advisors and aikane punahele (favorites) of Kamehazneha I (Ka-
- makau 1992:147-148).
Finding their lives secure, and being watched closely and unable to escape, Young and
_ Davis became reconciled to their lot. Their fortunes became quickly and closely linked to
those of the king. They would play a significant role in Kamehameha's rise to dominance,
and Young, especially, who quickly gained the king's trust and became his principal advi-
sor, would be visited, consulted, or at least mentioned by every visitor to the islands for
- the next forty yeazs (Rhodes 1993:Chapter III).
10
"At Kawaihae and Kealakekua, Young and Davis built up an army and navy for Kamehameha
along European lines, inrroduced firearms to Hawaiian warfare, and directed their use in Kamehameha's
conquest of Maui, Lanai and Molokai" (n. a. 1967:5). His canoe fleet "beached at Hana and extended from
Hamoa to Kawaipapa" to battle Kalanikupule, sou of Kahekili (who now ruled Oahu). After several battles
along the East Nlaui coast, Kamehameha's forces reached Wailuku where the "great battle" took place.
This would be the beginning of the end of independent ruling chiefs because of the inequity of battle strat-
egy and weaponry (Kamakau 1992:147-1481.
Back on Hawal'i Island in 1790, Keoua Kuahu ula [twin brother of Keoua Pe~e'ale, sons of
Kalaniopu'u and Kane-kapo-lei IKamakau I992:120)j ravaged Kamehameha's birthlands of Kohala. At the
advice of Ka-you-kahi, a kahunn from Kauai (Kelly 1974:6), Kamehameha personally helped to construct
the heiau Pu'u Koho15 in the sumrner of 1791, to assure his victory over his cousin, Keoua Kuahu'ula, who
was sacr~ced at the heiau (Day 1984:77; Kamakau ]992:154-157). John Young reportedly noted that
"Kamehatneha offered 11 human sacrifices at the dedication of the heiau. The principal offering was the
body of Keoua Ku-ahu'ula" (Llopis 3r Sharp 1994:1). Pu'u Kohola Heiau is said to have been a recon-
structed older Lono heiau from the time of Lonoikamakahiki (c. 1580) and Kama and "consecrated by
Lono" (Kelly 1974:6). Kamehameha thought first of re-constructing Ivlailekini Heiau, which was on the
slope of a hill named Pu~u Kohola, but his chief kahuna advised him to build a new one at [he Cop of the
hill instead.
"Kamehameha may have rebuilt an abandoned heiau [here or constructed a new one, but the heiau
platform he built in 1791 still dominates._Kawaihae" (n.a. 1967:6). "...the common people came in relays
from all parts of Kamehameha's dominions to carry stone for the walls and platforms of the heiau. The
workers are said to have camped by thousands on [he neighboring hillsides" (n.a. 1967:7; see also For-
?ander 1996:328 [,2]). "John Young later told Waimea's missionary Lorenzo Lyons [hat he had seen thir-
[eenhumans sacrificed on the altars of Pu ukohola during [he ceremonies" (n. a. 1967:7).
Tradition holds that the present heiau on the "hill of the whale" overlooking Kawaihae
Bay is located on the site of an earlier temple structure. Folklore centering around one of
King Lonoikamakahiki's battles with his enemies on Hawaii, at Kawaihae, as recounted
by Fomander, mentions Mailekini and Haleokapuni and alludes [o Puukohola as a s¢ate-
gic point that the rebels hoped to occupy. There is a brief mention of a temple at Puuko-
hola, but no physical description [233]. Fomander makes two references to human sacri-
fices on the hill. First, he states that the rebel forces encamped a[ Haleokapuni, who
planned to occupy Puukohola and shower rocks down on the forces of Lono, "would not
ascend Puukohola unless a man on the side of Lonoikamakaltiki should be slain: then
only would Puukohola he scaled for human sacrifices" [234]. He also relates that "This
battle of Lonoikamakahtki at Puukohola was named the Kawal.una, because of the night
strategy successfully executed by him on that occasion. Kazialoapulehu, having been
made prisoner, was killed and laid upon the altar (lele)" [235]. We can only surmise that
this means [he altar of a temple on top of the hill. After winning his battles, Lono con-
ducted relieious services at certain temples in thanks and celebration: one of these obser- -
vances w:u held atPu'ukohola (Greene 1993: Chapter VII).
the time of the dedication of Puukohola heiau in 1791, the coastal region from Kawaihae to
Puako supported a sizable Hawaiian population" (n.a. 1967:8). (Note: Doting Fornander's time, someone
who carried the stones was still alive and talked to him about it (Kelly 1974:6).]
After the death of his older brother [Kiwala-o] Keoua lived in K.a'u, successfully fighting
off Kamehameha's generals. Following the new strategy, Kamehameha sent Keoua's un-
cles, Keaweaheulu and Kamanawa, to convince Keoua that Kamehmahea was offering
him a truly respectful peace..4pparently trustful at first, Keoua consented to go with
them, but at some point on the trip [o Kawaihae he evidently suspected he was being led
in«~ a uap. His canoes landed briefly a[ the sacred place of Luahinewai near Kiholo.
There, in the beautiful fresh-water pool, he bathed.... After bathing he cut off the end of
his ..'omu'o, an act which believers in sorcery call 'the death of Uli' and wltich was a
certain siart that he knew he was about to die.... `The death of Uli' refers to death caused
by the vengeance of the sorcerer, since Uli is the goddess worshipped by sorcerers. The
11
part cut off is used for the purpose of sorcery so that those who do a man [o death may
themselves be discovered and punished.... Just as Keoua was stepping from the canoe
onto the beach at Kawaihae, Keeaumoku and the other chiefs of Kamehameha's forces
attached him and the occupants of his canoe (Kamakau 1961:156-157 In Kelly 1974:7).
[Note: At Kawaihae today a different version is told. Keoua is said to have been shot and
killed by John Young and Issac Davis who stood a shot[ distance back From the water's
edge below Mailekini Heiau. This area now is known as Pelekani, meaning Btitni? or
British. because of Young and Davis' action taken there (Kelly 1974:7).]
Two other significant heiau near Pu'u Kohola are Mailekini Heiau located -west and downslope
from Pu'u Kohola; and Hale O Kapuni, dedicated to the shark awnakua, which is located west and off
shore from the two land heiau.
Mailekini Heiau is said to relate to `inter-chiefdom and inter-island warfare of the period
before 1780 when it served as the principal temple of the ruling chief of Kohala' (Apple
1969:23). Nlailekini continued to be important into the historic period, being restored by
Kamehameha I contemporaneously with construction of Pu'u Kohola Heiau (Soehren
1964:11). Offshore from Mailekini is Che location of a third heimr known as Hale 0 Ka-
puni. Reportedly Hale O Kapuni was associated with sharks, and remains of human sacri-
fices from iV[ailekini were placed here to feed them (Davies in Soehren 1964:12; Apple
1969:1'1-19). Soehren reports the structural portion of the heiau has been largely obliter-
ated by tidal waves and siltation connected with construction of the harbor, bur local resi-
dents continue to sight sharks in the general area. Of...note is the former residence of
Kamehameha [I, which was Located near the beach, just below Pu'ukohola Heiau (Alle?
1957:16).
Hale O Kapuni is mentioned in the Story of Lortoikamaknhiki as the place where all the chiefs en-
camped: it was located immediately below the temples of Pu'ukohola and Nlailekini at Kawaihae (For-
nander 1917(4):324 In Ketty 197421). [Note: Kelly (1474) mentions that in a visit to Kawaihae. resident
Eddie Laau Sr. pointed out where [he heiau. which is no longer visible, was located. I[ is now covered with
silt that washes down from the coral fill. At least three white-tipped sharks circled in the vicinity that al'[er-
noon. Laau also stated that the "chair" of Kamehameha was not a chair, but a place Kamehameha use to
"rest his arm on whi]e standing on ]and, watching the sharks circle in [he vicinity of Hale-o-Kapuni below"
(Kelly 1974:27)
On his second voyage to Hawaii in 1793, Vancouver counseled the chiefs to stop making war on
each other. He gave Kamehameha some cows and sheep (at Vancouver's advice Kamehameha put aten-
yeat kapte on them). Vancouver went on to visit Kahekili in Lahaina and made the same request; then on [o
Waikiki to Kalanikupule.
Young tmd Davis became an inteeral part of this early period of modern Hawaiian civili-
zation, and for their efforts Kamehameha rewarded them by making them high chiefs and
endowing them with large tracts of land on which they settled and raised families. This
property was given patticularly for their services in helping conquer the islands of Ha-
waii. Maui, Molokai, and Oahu. [28] The land given to Young included Mailekini and
Pu'tilcohola heiau. Near their homes in Kawaihae, Young and Davis raised fruits and
vegetables new to Hawaii from seeds procured from foreign ships. Their residence in this
area made it a required port of call for sea captains who had to obtain Young's blessing
before conducting business with the Hawaiian government. In 1793 Vancouver landed
the first saute in Hawaii at this spot (Rhodes 1993: Chapter IIIi.
In lSl0, Issac Davis died and it was left to Young to carry on; he acquired the nickname "Olo-
hana" which was a Hawaiian equivalent to sailor's cry "All hands!" He also adopted Davis' siz children,
raised them as his own, and held Davis' estate in trust for them (n.a. 1967: 9. 11).
Davis served as governor of Oahu during the early years of the nineteenth century. In
i 810 he ne~~otiated terms of peace fur Kamehameha with Ka'umu'afi i, the king of Kauai,
l2
bringing that island under Kamehameha's dominion. When Ka'umu'ali'i journeyed to
Honolulu on board a foreign vessel to see Kamehameha, some lower chiefs conspired m
kiSl him and proposed to Kamehameha that a sorcerer perform this deed. The king re-
fused and even had the sorcerer slain. The chiefs then hatched a plot to kill Ka'umu'ali'i
secretly as he journeyed into the interior. Learning of these plans, Davis warned Ka'u-
mu'ali'i to return on board ship. Shortly thereafter, Davis died by poisoning, possibly in
retaliation for this act of loyalty to Ka'umu'ali'i [30] Davis's grave is located at Kawaihae
(Rhodes L993: Chapter 111).
After the conquest of Oahu, Young was designated governor of Hawai i Island. an office
that primarily involved superintending tax gathering for [he king. He governed Hawaii
from his home a[ Kawaihae from 180? to 181? while Kamehameha attended to royal
business on other islands; Yaung later became the resident chief of Kohala, with frequent
assignments to Honolulu and elsewhere (Rhodes 1993: Chapter III).
Coastal Kawaihae was developing into an unportant provisioning "port-of-call" by the early 1800s
with sweet potatoes, yams and a variety of other crops, which were culttvated in the vicinity, particularly
the uplands. By the mid-1800s ranc}ting became a flourishin_ economic factor in the Kohala and North
Kona areas wnh cattle being shipped out of Kawaihae (Rosendahl 1995:1 I
Kawaihae's principal articles of trade in the period were ,alt and sweet potatoes, timber
for ship repairs, high quality tapa...hogs, fowl, taro, sugar cane, breadfruit, melons, co-
conuts and bananas. Vessels replenished their water stores from either stream or springs.
Among his private enterprise, Olohana conducted a thriving canoe-making venttue and
supervised the land he had received as a gifr from Kamehameha which included the two
ahuoua'a of Ouli and Kawaihae 2"d. Young modified Mailekini helau to serve as a pro-
tecme tort for Kawaihae. Eyewitness accounts describe the fort as being mounted with
twenty-two guns and had the appearance of the broadside of a European warship (n.a.
1967: t21.
As business agent for Kamehameha, as well as chief of the area, Young supervised the
trade with ships at this port, where local salt and sweet potatoes, timber for ship repairs,
hogs, fowl, taro, sugar cane, breadfruit, muskmelons, coconuts, and bananas were traded
for nails, iron, and finally, at Young's suggestion, for more sophisticated types of goods.
A lucrative sandalwood trade also originated here; with Yaung supervising Crom his
home the measuring and loading of trees. Young was involved in, or witness to, most df
the significant events in the early years of the Hawaiian kingdom (Rhodes ]993: Chapter
[l]).
In 1815 John Palmer Parker, an ex-seaman, made his home at Kawaihae where he began hunting
cattle that roamed [he slopes of Nlauna Kea. By this time the Vancouver's cattle of 1793 had increased to
destructive numbers and Parker was hired to thin the wild herds. Since people had not yet developed a taste
for beef, Parker salted the meat with Kawaihae salt and tanned the hides to trade with ships that stopped at
Kawaihae. He later built pens to confine the cattle and horses (n.a. 1967:14-15).
An 1819 map by Louis Duperrey during the Freycinet zxpedition (Figure indicates 75 to 80
structures along Kawaihae Bay, stretching from Makeahua Gulch in the south to the present Kawaihae
lighthouse in the north and showing houses laid out in three rows running parallel [o the coast and extend-
ing inland to roughly 40 to 50 feet in elevation. The map indicated the location of John Young's house, as
well as that oI Liholiho and Ke'zaumoku (Rosendahl and Carter 198323). "Four yeazs later Reverend Wil-
liam Ellis (1963:399) estimated the number of houses at Kawaihae Village to be around 100" (Allen
1987:1
Kamehameha I died on May 3, 1819 in Kailua-Kona and once again the culture of Hawaii was to
chance radically.
l3
- r..
A
.ki ~ ~ " E
3
a..~-
-~d..c-ice '~j
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~le 1ie~q~
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s
~'1'_ _
Fieure 7. Portion of Duperrev's1819 Map of Kawaihae
to
On the morning after his father's' death, Liholiho left Kailua, which had been defiled by
death, For Kawaihae in Kohala, as was the custom. During his absence, as was also [he
custom, the population committed al] kinds of excesses, breaking the kapu with impunity.
Although the usual mourning ceremonies on the death of a king took place, no sacrifices
occurred to provide the old king with companions in the next world. Doting this mourn-
ing period, the dead chiefs bones were secreted in a cave, the traditional action that ritu-
ally disassociated [he mandate [o rule from the dead king so that his heu could re-
establish it on his return to the area. After the requisite [en days of seclusion had passed,
Liholiho returned to assume power, at which time he was also supposed to re-establish
the kapu system, something he did not do. Instead he left again for Kawaihae in the Ko-
hala district, where he took up residence until October, probably hoping to avoid having
to make some important decisions concerning land redistribution, requests by the ali i to
share in the sandalwood trade, and whether or not to break the kapu, an action he knew
Ka'ahumanu arid others favored (Greene 1993: Chapter V).
After Kamehameha's death, a degree of unrest existed among some of the principal chiefs
regarding several economic matters, including the king's monopoly of the sandalwood
trade. This tension in the poetical situation disturbed [he elderly Young, who entreated de
Freycinet to stress to the Hawaiians that peace and unity were essential for [he future of
the country and could only be attained by continuing loyalty to the Kamehameha dynasty.
De Freycinet's draftsman, Jacques Arago, noted that this request of bfr. Young's could
only have been dictated by generosity of sentiment; personal interest had no share in i[;
the poor old man has but a few days to Live; extended on a bed of sickness, he perceives
the rapid approach of death, and, little regarding his own sufferines, his last prayers are
offered up for a country, which [he beneficence of Tarmneamah makes him grieve [o
leave a prey [o the factions which are about to divide it (Rhodes 1993: Chapter III).
Six months after his death, his son and successor Liholiho, met with kuhina nui Ka'ahumanu, and
a council of chiefs and chiefesses at Kawaihae. His advisors, which included his father's kahuna Hewa-
hewa, convinced the new king Kamehameha II to abolish the kapu system. Hz signified his a~eement by
sining down and eating with his mother Keopuolani, breaking the'ni kapu (Oliver 1961260; Kuykendall
and Day 1976:41; Kamakau 1992:222-228).
Liholiho's cousin Kekuaokalani, caretaker of the war god Ku-Katlimoku, disagreed with the new
edict and revolted. By December of 1819 the revolution was quelled. Kantehameha II sent edicts through-
out the kingdom renouncing the ancient stale religion, ordering the destruction of the heinu images and [he
heinu structures to be destroyed or abandoned and left to deteriorate, allowine the personal family religion,
the 'auntakun worship, to continue (Oliver 196 L260; King 1990; Kamakau 1992:222-228).
During this period, the sandalwood trade was wreaking havoc o? the commoners who were weak-
ening with the heave production, exposure, and famine just to fill the coffers of the ali~i who were no
longer under any control constraints (Oliver 1961261; Kuykendall and Day 1976:42; Bushnell 1993:212).
On a stopover in the Kohala district i? the early 1800s Ellis wrote the following:
About eleven at night we reached Towaihae (KawaihaeJ, where we were kindly received
by Nir. Young...Before daylight on the 22nd, we were roused by vast multitudes of peo-
ple passing through the district from Waimea with sandal-wood, which had been cut in
- [he adjacent mountains for Karaimoku, by the people of Waimea, and which the people
of Kohala, as far as the north point, had been ordered to bring down to his storehouse on
the beach, for the purpose of its being shipped to Oahu. There were between two and
three thousand men, carrying each from one to s'ix pieces of sandalwood, according to
[heir site and weight. It was generally tied on their backs by bands of ti leaves, passed
over the shoulders and under the arms, and fastened across their breasts.... (Kuykendall
and Day L976:42, 43, Ellis 1984:397)
The lack of control of the sandalwood trade was to soon create the Firs[ Hawaiian national debt as
promissory notes and levies were initialed by American traders and enforced by Attterican warships (Oliver
_ 1961:261, 262). "In the 1820s, the sandalwood trade was at its peak and every tree found was cut for its
15
value. The forests of Kohala, which reached almost to [he Kawaihae shore as late as 1815, contained ah
abundance of the coveted wood, presumably the dry land species" (n.a. 1967:16).
In 1825, Kuhina-nui Ka ahumanu [King Kamehameha III was just a child] placed a kapu on cut-
ting sandalwood trees. She saw what it was doing to the people; neglecting their crops and fishing and get-
ting into deb[ (Breunan L995:43). This wus too late for Kawaihae. In 1820 the missionaries o? the Thnd-
deus noted the "green slopes of Kohala" on amving at Kawaihae: by 1832 missionary Lorenzo Lyons re-
marked that Kawaihae was "about as desolate a place as I have ever seen, nothing but barrenness, with here
and there a native hut. "and "scorched, withered and desolate Kawaihae...Be[ween [he denuded forest. and
the wild cattle ravaging any re-growth, a growing community in Waimea diverted [he streams. forever
changing the Kohala leeward landscape and climate" (n.a. 1967:18).
Beef became a barter item (Brennan 1995:48); and in 1332, Kamehameha III sent a high chief to
California to bring some vaqueros back to Hawaii to help with the training of horse and cattle handling.
Although the cattle were being slaughtered by [he thousands for their hides and [allow, their numbers were
increasing beyond belief. Over 100,000 wild cattle were roaming the mountains of Waimea alone. Many
crops were mined by the hordes of cattle (Brennan 1995:1-54). The solution was for the vaqueros or
pnniolo as Hawaiians called them, to first train Hawaiian and haa(e men to be good horsemen or wrangler
or cowboy (pnniolo). This was the beginning of Hawaii s cattle kingdom (Brennen 1995:70). Paniolo Jack
Purdy and John Parker, Kamehameha IH's chief cattle killer, pazmered to furnish the king with badly
needed beef for battertng with toreign ships (Brennan 1995: i4).
In the mid-1800s Kawaihae was a popular anchorage for foreign vessels. Hawaiian chiefs
were actively involved i? foreign trade, and food, sandalwood, fuewood, pu[u, and fresh
water were exchanged for impotted goods (Kelly 1974:36-77). These items were eener-
ally brought from areas outside Kawaihae, but sal[ was one important trade oood pro-
duced locally. Awell-developed salt manufacturing system was maintained near the
beach and each salt pan was said to he named (Kelly 1974:33-34). Apparently salt was an
important traditional exchange item for Kawaihae residents as welh being traded to Kona
and other parts of Kohala for food and tapa (Barrere 1983:30 In Allen 1987:15).
The Hawaiian culture was well on its way towards Western assimilation as industry in Hawaii
wen[ from the sandalwood trade, to a short-lived whaling industry, to cattle ranching, and the more lucra-
tive, but insidious sugar industry. Sugar cane was grown on all islands and when Cook amved, he wrote of
seeing sugar cane plantations. The Chinese on Lanai are credited with fast producing sugar as early as
1302. However, it was not until 1835 that sugaz became established commercially, primarily to replace a
waning sandalwood industry (Oliver 1961:263; Kuykendall and Day 1.976:92). 1835 was also the year that
John Olohana Youne died at the age of 93 i? Honolulu where he is buried at the Royal Mausoleum (n. a.
1967:19).
to [he 1840s a political act of the Hawaiian Kingdom government would change forever. the land
tenure system i? Hawai i and have far-reaching effects. The historic land transformation process was an
evolution of concepts brought about by fear, growing concerns of takeovers, and western influence regard-
ing land possession. King Kamehameha III, in his mid-thirties, was persuaded by his kuhinn nui and other
advisors to take a course that would assure personal rights to land. One-third of all lands in the kingdom
would be retained by the king; another one-third would go to a(i'i as designated by the king; and the last
one-third would be set aside for [he moka'oinana or [he people who looked after the land. In 1846 he ap-
pointed a Boazd of Commissioners, commonly known as the Land Cotnnrissioners, to "confirm or reject all
claims to land arising previously to the 10'" day of December, AD 184.5." Notices were frequently pasted in
The Polynesinn (Moffat and Kirkpatrick, 1995). However, the legislature did not acknowledge this act
until June 7, 1848 (Chuten 1958:16: Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995:48-49), known today as The Grent
Makele. In 1850, the Kingdom government passed laws allowing foreigners to purchase fee simple lands
(Speakman 2001:91).
The 1840s also heralded other changes as well. The Hawaiian governrrten[. with the aid of the
missionaries. encouraged the sugar industry as well as other enterprises such coffee, cotton, rice, potatoes,
and sill: worms (Speakman 200E 93). Subsistence crops were ruined by displaced din and dust, natives
were being asked to grow sugar cane on their lands in exchanee for money, only to find themselves in-
16
debted, and forced [o surrender homelands; land-use disputes between natives and other cultures ensued;
and restrictions on government lands prevented subsistence hunting and gathering. Subsistence-based cul-
ture was eventually lost with the escalating dependence on purchased goods and the growing development
related to sugar production (Tomonari-Tuggle 1988:50, J 1).
Dunne the Great Mahele. Kawaihae 2 was given to John Young (LCA 8515H). Kawaihae 1 was
retauted as government land. This Land Commission Award (LCA) and subsequent kuleann claims in
Kawaihae f and 2 are listed in Tabfe I. The locations of al] awarded parcels are shown in Figure h.
The Waihoaa 'Aina (2000) Nlahele Database: which is a compilation of data from the Indices of
Awazds (Indices 1929), Native Register (NR n.d.), Native Testimony (IVT n.d.), Foreign Register (FR n.d.) and
Foreign Tesnmony (FT n.d.); lists twenty-two claims for 56 parcels within Kawathae 1 and 2. Seventee?
parcels were awarded to 15 claimants. There are no LCAs within the project area. The awarded kuleana
parcels, except for the unusually large award to Kaukahi (LCA 240P, 34.58 ac), range from 0.06 to 5.2
acres in area with an average of 1.33 acres. Three awards consisted of two parcels and the rest consist of a
single parcel.
The testimoaies refer co fourteen ill land divisions. Only one, Nlakila, is mentioned twice. Most of
the awarded parcels are concentrated in at the coast Three inland parcels are situated between 2,700 ft and
4,000 f[ elevation. LCA testimony mentions fourteen lots with at least :31 houses. Seven house lots were
enclosed. Nine parcels are described as cultivated; however, no specific. crops are named. The testimony
describe a pier and warehouse (LCA 4884) owned by William French, 20 salt pas or beds, a chapel, and
two animal pens for horses, Boats, and cattle owned by L.B. Lincoln, a leather tanner.
Disease also had a devastating affect on the population and the landscape. killing a[i'i and
maka'ninana alike; measles epidemics in 1843 and 1849, was followed by the horrendous smallpox epi-
demic in 1853. Ten thousand people are said to have died of this disease in Hawaii (Kamakau 1992:411,
418). John Papa'I'i in Fragments ~f Hnwaiian History (1984) talks about the impact of this disease and as
hnhu or guardian of several young ali'i; he had to take several of them off oT Oahu island. They just kept
sailing from island to island aad usually were not allowed to land as Oahu was thought to be the source of
the smallpox (~1' i 1984:171). The people of Kawaihae were not spared doting this period.
The people (of coastal Kawaihae] have nothing [o eat half the thne...sometimes they get
one meal a day and sometimes they are entirely destitute (Missio? Station Report
1841).... I could not refrain from weeping when I emered there (coastal Kawaihae)...i[
was a sad and desolate scene. Ia April one hundred cotnmunicants were present, many of
[hem in the bloom of life -now there were but twenty-four, and not a youth among them
(Mission Station Report 1835, cited i? Hammatt & Shideler 1991x:'7).
While other places were getting established with growing sugar cane in the ISSOs, Kawaihae was
still involved in the whaling industry and the fledgling cattle ranching industry via Waimea: cattle were
driven from Waimea to Kawaihae where they were shipped to Honolulu. Cattle pens were located across
from the small boat harbor, but massive rock walls near the present Canoe Club are said by local consult-
ants, [o be remnants of older cattle pens (Allen 1987:15).
The extensive commerce of Kawaihae is indicated in an account in the Pacific Commer-
cial .ddverriser for January 29, 1857 (In Brundage 197122) which reports [ha[ 40-50
whaling ships had stopped at this port during [he year and that exports included 1,00
barrels of sal[ beef, 5,000 barrels of sweet potatoes, fresh beef, pork, fowl, and beans,
1,200 bullock aides, 5,000 goat skins, 35,000 Ibs of tallow, attd 22.000 Ibs of wool.
Weekly service was provided by the inter-island 37-ton ~Yfary by this time (Hammatt and
Sheidler 1991x: 3).
By 1858 at least 2,1 l9 foreigners lived in Hawaii. Many were merchants who traded and provided
provisions, ranchers and missionaries who lived in various locations throughout the islands. "Foreigners
engaged in agricultural pursuits with the idea of reaping a profit from the land, m contrast with the Hawai-
ians, who carried on...subsistence agriculture" (Coulter 1971:1 I). In the I860s, the U. S. Civil War brought
17
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19
about a boost for the sugar industry in Hawaii as sugar plantations in the South were boycotted or de-
stroyed. And while Rev. Lorenzo Lyons was busy building churches; lmiolo in Waimea, Koku Goa at
Puako and one at Kawaihae (n.a. 1967:18-19), Rev. Bond was getting involved in the sugar business.
In 1860, Rev. Bond engaged his "long-time acquaintance" (Stephenson 1977:7), Samuel N. Cas-
tle in founding the Kohala Sugar Company on lands owned by Bond and his neighbor Dr. James Wight.
The lust crop of the Kohala Sugaz Company was harvested in January 1865 (KTF 1975:69). Kohala's tran-
sition was a reflection of what was happenine elsewhere in Hawaii, as the sugar industry grew. The indus-
try brought in tens of thousands of Laborers from Asia, Europe, [he tlmericas. Oceania. and Africa to work
on the many plantations and mills that were being established on all major islands, which had a profound
effect on life in Hawau (Oliver 1961:123).
Maly (1999) presents excerpts from.a variety of historic documents spanning the mid- to late
1800x. The documents describe road building efforts from Kawaihae to Kiholo and Waimea, and schools
- including one at Kawaihae Kai that was used until it was destroyed in 1946 by a tidal wave. Boundary
Commission testimony cited by Vtaiy, mentions Kawaihae residents who were bird catchers. Kawaihae had
ancient fishing rights that extended out to sea.
During the late 1800x, and continuing into the 1900s there were many leases, subleases. and other
land transactions, most involved Kahua and Parker Ranches (Carlson and Rosendahl 1990). A storm in
1872 destroyed all the wharves in Kawaihae (Hammatt et al. 1991). Jackson's 1883 map shows a number
of houses, a jail, a lighthouse. a woolshed. a stare, a church. a boathouse. and the Braves of Davis and
George Macy (Hammett et al. 1991).
figure 8 is a portion of Loebenstein's 1903 map of Kawaihae Bay. The map show the ![eiau o?
Pu'u Kohala. To the north of Pohaukole Gulch, Fanny Young's house, Parker's house a store, church. and
Davis' Brave are shown. Ftuther north the old soap works, salt pans, a jail, a hotel, and another store are
depicted near the wharf. Beyond the wharf to north, a shipping cord and the locations of [he "old° and
"new" Lighthouses are shown.
Early 1900s land use in Kawaihae is described in oral historical interviews conducted by Hammett
et at. (1991), Carlson and Rosendahl (1990), NIaIy (1999), and Orr (2003). William ,llcau moved to Kawai-
hae as a child in 1928. Water was obtained from a well near the Doi Chevron Station. Water was also ob-
tained Yrom [he gulch near Pu`u Kohala when i[ was still a perennial stream. In about 1931, a water line
from Waimea was built and the well was no longer used. Mr. Akau's grandfather used to raise fish for
Parker Ranch in a pond where the old salt works were located. Mr. Akau and ivfr. Eddie La'au, Jr. remem-
bec that people living along the coast south of Kawaihae used to come to Kawaihae by canoe to trade dried
fish for dry goods and produce.
[n the 1930x. Kawaihae was a bustling place with butte weekly steamship arrivals. Cast iron street
]amps illuminated the village streets at nigh[. The ships anchored offshore and uansferred goods using life-
boats until the concrete temtorial pier (Site 238f~0) was constructed in 1937. Cattle were the principal ex-
port. The cows were driven down from Waimea early in the morning and kept in large corrals near the pier.
There was a building with restrooms (Site 2?859) at the pier and a building where the cowboys would
spend the nigh[ before returning to Wai[nea. T here were two dry docks in town that served the fishing fleet
based at Kawaihae. Kawaihae families were fish retailers and wholesalers selling fish throughout the island
and shipping fish to Honolulu. The hills behind the coastal village were planted with limes, mangos, toma-
toes, melons, and ocher produce.
Nit. Masaru Doi and NU. Akr n recounted events at Kawaihae during World War II. Barbed wire
was stretched along the entire shoreli ;c where a series of gun emplacements were established. A huge tent
camp was built and the area was us d for troop training. The soldiers mined the temtoriat pier with explo-
sives. Fishing was greatly reduce ~i and forbidden to people of Japanese descent. The Doi family began
large-scale raising of pigs fed ; idt rite food waste from the military camp. Following [he war Kawaihae
town suffered from unemploy~-uznt and was seriously damage by a tidal wave in 194(1. The wave destroyed
the pier and it was never rep~[ired: however, it continues to be depicted on the 1995 USGS Kawaihae Quad-
rangle map (see Figure 1). adjacent to [he project area.
20
oy J,
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Figure 8. Portion of Loebenstein's 1903 Map of Kawaihae Bay (from Barrera and Kelly 1974)
21
In 195, construcnun of the Kawaihae Harbor began and it was completed in 1959 (Hammatt et al.
199L). This radically changed the appearance of coastal Kawaihae. the flow of the ocean, the feeding habi-
tat of several species of marine life, and the lifestyle of the people of Kawaihae Village and others who
frequented the shores of the Kawaihae black sand beach.
Along with the rise of [he tourism industry, and competing sugaz markets abroad, the sugar com-
panies saw a sharpening decline in business. The 1950s and 1960s were the bleakest years for the sugar
industry and it was becoming apparent that the sugar industry was beyond salvage (Kent 1983:107-108).
Vlore changes were soon to take place on the landscapes of Hawaii. The lack of jobs in Kohala caused an
exodus to Oahu during the construction boom of the sixties. As art economic remedy, Kohala Sugar Com-
pany offered its employees au option to purchase lots in newly crc;a[ed subdivisions. On [he heels of this
offer, new jobs were being created in the tourist industry as Mauna Kea Hotel, followed a few years later
by other hotels in Waikoloa, were built and occupied in the late 19fi0's and early 1970's (Tomonari-Tuggle
1988:59-62).
Records at the Bureau of Conveyances indicate that the project area was Territory of Hawaii prop-
erty controlled by the Board of Harbor Cormnission under Executive Order 737. The order was cancelled in
1957 and the land was transferred to the Department of Hawaiian Homelands in 1967. The property records
identify the area as the "Cattle Pen Site" probably due to its use for shipping cattle in the 1930s.
Previous Archaeological Research
.4 search of DLNR-SHPD archaeological report database and other sources identified Z7 reports
covering portions of Kawaihae and adjacent areas. Table 2 summarizes the studies and Figure 9 shows the
project locations. At least seven previous studies included the project area (see Figure 9); however, none of
them reported the historic features there. Not included in the table or fietire are the early surveys by Thrum
(1908), Stokes (Stokes and Dye 1991), and Reineke (1930). Thrum (1908:42) reported [he former presence
of a heiau at Uli in Waimea.
In 1906. Ioh? Stokes, [hen Curator of Polynesian Ethnology at Bishop Museum. did fieldwork on
the island of Hawaii, documenting heiau and drawing plans of the better-preserved ones. Using Thrum's
- list as a guide, Stokes began his fieldwork in Kailua-Kona. "Once itt [he field, however, Stokes discovered
that local Hawaiians could identify many more heiau than appeared on Thrum's list" (Stokes & Dye
1991:10). In the South Kohala District, Stokes recorded only two heiau, Mailekini and Pu ukohola, at
Kawaihae. In addition. Stokes heard about four other heimt at Puako, near the coast, but he was unable to
gather any infotntation about these sites from local informants (Stokes & Dye 1991).
During his 1930 survey conducted for the Bishop Museum. Reinecke examined [he western coast
of the island and. "walked along the coast from Kalahuipua'a [near Puako] to Kawaihae, but considered it
not worth while to attempt a survey of this algarroba-covered [kiatve] coast unless... [he]... had a base
there" (Reinecke 1930).
The surveys in Table 2 cover nearly 17,000 acres identifying ~ 10 sites with 1390 features. To aid
in reconstructing, settlement patterns, features were quantified by probable age and function, and the studies
are ordered by elevation. Traditional Hawaiian features were categorized as habitation, agricultural, burial
(including possible burials), ritual, trail, ahu, and wall. Features not assignable to these categories were
categorized as miscellaneous/indeterminate. Traditional sites in this category include saltpans, popnmu,
fishponds, and pahoehoe excavations.
Density per acre values are given for sites, features, and habitation and agricultural features. Over-
all, the studies have identified 723 habitation features, 241 agriculuual features, 33 burials. 23 ritual fea-
tures. 13 trail segments, and 67 nhu, and 2,007petroglyphs. Historic features, except walls, were not segre-
gated by function. The majority of the walls are ranch-related.
Density values for surveys of at Least ~0 acres indicate [he highest densities of habitation features
between sea level and 280 ft elevation (0.36 features per acre). Agricultural feature density is also high near
22
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the coast. Overall featwe density ranges from 0.01 to 1.28 featwes per acre. Habitation featwe density
ranges from 0 to 0.36 features per acre with an average of 0.09. Agricultural feature density ranges from 0
to 0.35 features per acre with an average of 0.09. Burial and ritual sites are concentrated near the coast.
Only five radiocarbon dates are reported in the studies by Hammett et al. (L941) and Walker and
Rosendahl (1995). The four Hattunatt e[ al. (1991) dales from habitation sites include a modem result, and
three age ranges of A.D 1670-1935, 1510-1950, and 1330-1430. Walker and Rosendahl report a age deter-
mination on charcoal from an inland temporary habitation site that produced two potential age ranges of
1689-1734 and 1811-1925.
Clark (1987) proposed a settlement pattern model for the Kawaihae-Waimea region that consists
of low zones as follows:
Coastal Zone Extends from [he coos[ to between~200 m and 400 m inland with most
sites below 30-45 m (98-148 TQ elevation. The Coastal Zoue is subdi-
vided mto shoreline and inland sub-zooes. Subsistence activity had a
marine exploitation emphasis including fishing, collecting, and sal[
making. Agricultural crops included coconut, sweet potato, gowds, and
other medicinal, utilitarian, and food plants. Archaeological features in-
clude "residential structwes, community-oriented structures, burial
monument,, ngiicuitural features, military Features [recent], and miscel-
laneous` (1987:247). Habitation sites include Tingle use sites, extended
and recurrent occupations, and permanently occupied sites. Habitatio?
features include small walled shelters, caves, overhangs, terraces, plat-
forms, and enclosures. The more intensively occupied habitation sites
are clustered In neighborhoods sometimes larger wards.
Intermediate "Lone Extends from the Coastal Zone to between 7.3 and 9.7 km inland at
approximately 585 m (1,414 ft) elevation. Subsistence activity Limiced
to small scale seasonal cultivation of alluvial t7a[s near drainages and
bird catching. Archaeological features include short-tern occupation
sites including ?ridden scatters, fireplaces, small walled shelters, caves,
and overhangs, which are typically situated near drainages.
Kula Zone Extends from the Intermediate Zone to between 7.3 and 9.7 km inland.
It ranges in elevation from 585 m [0 830 m (1..919-2,722 ft) in eleva-
tion, with small sections extending to as much as 975 m (3,198 ft) ele-
vation. Subsistence activity is dominated by agricultwe. The zone is
divided into two primary sub-zones based on the nature of cultivation.
Sub-zone 1 is defined by the presence of formal fields mound com-
plexes, small terraces, modified outcrops, and animal and gazden enclo-
swes. Sub-zwe 2 is characterized by the absence of formal fields and
limited to planting swales, clusters of mounds, and modified outcrops.
Irrigation ditches occw in both sub-zones. Crops included sweet pota-
toes, dry-land taro, gourds, and mauke. Habitation sites include single
use sites, extended and recurrent occupations. and permanently occu-
pied sites. Habitation features include small walled shelters, caves,
overhangs, teraces, platforms, and encloswes. The more intensively
occupied habitation sites are clustered in neighborhoods sometimes laz-
ger wards. Burial featwes are also present.
WildemessZone Zone extends inland from the Kuta Zone to the mountain tops. The
zone is divided into two sub-zones. Sub-zone L consists of areas that
were exploited for a variety of resources including, -wood, bark, birds,
wild plants foods, fine-~ ained basalt for tool manufacture. Sub-zone 2
consists of the highest elevation areas that were no[ economically ex-
ploited and largely untouched except for some religious activity.
25
PROJECT EXPECTATIONS
Based on historical documentary evidence and previous :uchaeological work, prehistoric sites in
the project area could include habitation sites, burials, salt pans, and ritual features. Habitation sites should
consist of temporary and permanent habitations (walled shelters, platforms, terraces and enclosures). Pre-
historic sites would be expected to date no earlier than the 1300s with most post-dating the 1600-1800s.
Historic sites, except WWII military training feattres, primarily could include habitation sites, graves, port-
related infrastructure, and ranching and farming features. Ranch-related features should be represented by
roads and cattle walls and pens. The military training features should be represented by small coastal forti-
fications.
26
FINDINGS
The survey identified one site with four features (Site 24180). The features are comprised of a
stone wall (Feature A), a stone alignment and an adjacent configuration of metal posts or stakes (Feature
B), a low terrace (Feature C), and a series of intact and displaced concrete piers (Feature D). The distribu-
tion of the features is presented in Figure 10 and the features are described below.
Feature A is a stone wall that is located along the northeastern and northern sides of the site, sea-
ward of Highway 270 and south of the northern project area boundary. The extent of the wall is depicted on
Figure 10. The wall originates 15.5 m outside the project area boundaries to the southeast, north of the
drainage. It extends to the north-northwest from the boundary a distance of 64.0 m to where it encounters a
paved asphalt ramp (discussed below). This portion of the wall is constructed of stacked cobbles and small
to medium-sized boulders, ranging in width ar the base from 1.3 to 1.4 to and at the top from 0.75 to ] .0 m
(Figure / The height of this section of the wall ranges from 0.8 to 1.4 m. The wall is core-filled with
cobbles and portions of it evidences faced sides.
Several historic cultural remains were found in association with the wall. A metal flat iron was
noted on top of the wall near its southern end and a porcelain toilet tank cover was situated at the base of
the wall on the western side, 8.0 m to ffie north-northwest of the 'von. A concentration of clear window
pane glass was observed on top of the wall, 2.0 mnorth-northwest of the tank cover.
The ramp present at the north-northwestern end of the first wall segment is I I.5 m long (northeast
by southwest) and 4.3 to 9.S m wide (Figure 12). It originates against the seaward side of Highway 270 and
slopes down [o the southwest, terminating at an area of level soil. The sides of the ramp slope down to the
north and south, and the surface is paved with asphalt. No cultural remains were present at the ramp.
The wa{I continues to the west from the northwest comer of the ramp a distance of 20.6 m to
where a 2.0 m wide gap is present. This wall section is also built of stacked cobbles and small boulders,
similar m width to. the first section. Portions of the wall at the eastern end have collapsed to the south,
though the remaining part is intact, ranging in height 0.75 to 1.4 m.
The wall extends to the west from the gap a distazrce of 22.7 m to where it exits the northern pro-
ject azea boundary. Ii continues in this direction an additional 6.75 m to where it terminates at the edge of
the coastal escarpment. The western half of the feature in this area is comprised of a free standing wall that
is 1.2 to 1.4 m wide at the base, 0.7 to 1.0 m wide at the top and d.0 to 1.1 m m height, and is built of
stacked cobbles and small boulders with a wre-filled cobble interior. The eastern half forms a terrace on
the northern side of the wall, with the wall functioning to retain an azea of level soil that is 15.3 m long
(east-west) and 5.0 m wide. The retaining wall is 0.9 to 1.3 m m height and is faced. No cultural remains
were noted along the northern portion of the wall or on the surface of the terrace.
Featwe A is interpreted as an historic wall that functioned to enclose the remaining features of the
site. Its historic interpretation is based on its appearance, on the presence of historic debris on and adjacent
to the wall and its association with the other features of [he site. Feature A is unaltered and in fas to good
condition.
Feature B is a stone alignment and a series of metal posts situated in the south-central portion of
the project area, seaward of the Feature A wall (Figure /3). The feature is located in a grassy, level area
that angles slightly to the southeast. The main portion of the stone alignment is 24.2 m long (northwest by
southeast), consisting of large cobbles and small boulders placed one coruse wide and one to two courses in
height (Figure 14). The alignment rums to the northeast at the northwestern end, extending in this direction
4.SS m. The alignment is 0.3 to 0.6 m wide and 0.3 to 0.65 m in height. An exposed bedrock outcrop is
located west of the northwest end of the alignment, measuring 5.9 m long (east-west), OA to 0.7 m wide
and 0.6 to 0.8 m in height. Several cobbles are piled on top of the outcrop along iu southern side.
27
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F b~ue 11. Site 24180, Feature A Wall, view to southeast
aanaaA all
=.q~~ win
~~{~~~-~Iyw~~1.~-~ ~+~i
,F' Sea w lam- ~ ~ .Y ~
•`r~ - ^7- CSC _ `'4~i i"-~`i
..•~tiwt:.oi7" ~-.~i'•t•``~'=L.±~'i'1 =~_~•%+~i.:' S~a~i a.. ~'S.
~~q~
Figure L. Asphalt Ramp, view to souythwest
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30
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1
Figure 14. Site 24180, Feature B Alignment, view to northwest
za' ~ j.,f . i~ 7 I . t lam.,- ! r
Ayr;~~r}~'v~k~..~v~'"r~wl,C~^y,~fl
~~"`t61 ~~~147~At~~. .I i'j
`a
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w
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Figure l Site 24130, Feature B Metal Post, view to south-southwest
31
I~he metal posts or stakes are situated to the north and northeast of the stone alignment (see Figure
J3). "These posts are T-shaped in cross-section and are comprised of two joined sections of I angle von
that extend vertically out of the ground att average distance of 2.0 ft (0.6 m; Figure IS). A total of 12 posts
were identified, placed in three linear alignments. The two northwestern-most alignments are 18.0 m long
(northeast by southwest) and are spaced 3.9 m apart. The southeastem alignment is located 16.4 m to the
southeast and is 11.1 m long (northeast by southwest).These three alignments form two rectangular con-
figurations. No cultural remains were found in association with the feature.
Feamre B is interpreted as the possible remnant of a World War II era encampment. The rectangu-
laz configuration of posts may have served as tents stakes with the stone alignment bordering the seaward
side. Feature B is unaltered and in fair condition.
Feature C is a low, crude enclosure situated 12.8 m southwest of Feature B (see Figtere 13). The
terrace is roughly oval-shaped and is 6.6 m long (northwest by southeast) and 4.4 m wide, with several
large kiawe trees growing out of the surface. A retaining wall extends along the southwest, northwest and
southeast sides that is 03 to 0.45 m in height and comprised of one to three courses of small boulders and
cobbles (Figure The northeast and east sides abut a bedrock outcrop. The surface is comprised of a
level soil deposit with no cultural remains present.
A 0.5 by 0:5 m test unit (TU-I) was excavated into the surface of the terrace {see Figure /3). This
excavation revealed two soil deposits over bedrock (Figure I Layer I consisted of 0.39 to 0.4 m of a dark
brown (IOYR i/3) silC with 20-30°/u gravel and pebble htclusions. Cultural remains from Layer I consisted
of clear window pane glass (n=2, 2.4 grams), a fragment of metal (0.1. grams), 20 fragments of recent char-
coal (6.1 grams), eight fragments of milky colored bottle glass (22.7 gams- Figure 18), three waterworn
basal[ pebbles (2.9 grams) and 12 marine shells (Cypraea sp, n=6, 19.4 gams, Nerita picea, n=~, ] .7
grams, Nerita polita, n=2, 09 grams, Purpura aperta, n=1, 1.3 gams). The Layer II deposit consisted of
0.08 to 0.1 m of a dark reddish brown (SYR 314) silt with no cultural remains present.
Feature C is interpreted as the foundation for an historic structure possibly associated with the
World War ? occupation of the site. This is based on the presence of the historic debris recovered fiom
Layer I and its close proximity to Feature B. Feamre C is unaltered anct in fau condition.
Feature D consists of an upright concrete pier and three fallen piers, located in the southwestern
portion of the project area in a level soil area within a grove of kiaa~e trees. The distribution of the four
piers is present in Figure (0. The upright pier is located 7.0 m southwest of Feature C. This pier is 1.33 m
in height and measures 0.62 m by 0.85 m at the base and 0.6 by 0.73 m at the top (Figure 19). A 2" by 6"
wooden board is imbedded horizontally through the pier and a 1"deep by 5" wide goove is formed around
the sides of the pier. The seaward side of the board is 1 I" (028 m) long though the inland side is flush with
the side of the pier and appears to have been burned off. A ''/z" threaded bolt extends vertically out of the
top of the pier in each corner.
The first fallen pier is located adjacent to the upright pier 2.5 m to the east (see Figure J9). Phis
pier is identical fo the fast, though no wooden board or bolts were noted, This pier is 155 m in length sug-
gesting that the upright pier is imbedded c. 0.22 m into the ground.
The second fallen pier is located 7.4 m to the southwest of the upright pier, situated on the project
area boundary in an area that appears to have been impacted by wave activity. This pier is partially buried
in the ground with the exposed portion measuring L2 m in length, 0.8 m in width and 0.5 m in thickness.
Though buried it appears to be roughly the same size as the upright pier.
I'he third fallen pier is located outside the parcel, 4.0 m southwest of the second fallen pier. This
pier is exposed on the ground surface and appears different than the others. It is 1.3 m long and 0.5 m on
each side. No bolts or wooden boards are present. Large amounts of tno~iem debris is scattered around Fea-
ture D, likely deposited by storm activity.
32
w
T..,t . d
y
r l~ .49.,~~.
x
9r~'-- r'
. f ' ,us, ~~~~K ' 4
Figure 16- Site 24130, Feature C Terrace, view to east
0
Layer I - Dat1c brown (lOYR 3/3) silt with
I 20.3~%a gravel aad pchhle i¢cLusioas;
Miud cultural remains presco[
Layer -Dark reddish hmwu (SYR 314) si3t
No cuihval remains
snrM
Bedrock
n SOcm
Figure 11 Site 24180, Feature C, TU-1 North Face Profile
33
-^<v~.
`~"F ~ ~ BottlO fiagtneids ,
~ ~ '
TU-I, Layer I-3 ~ y c.
~~ff~~
~3+~`,
-
Decorativey~~ ,s ,
ST-4, Layer I -'c S
Nail
ST-5, Layer I
~ Scm
Figure 13. Historic Artifacts
.r
~t
4
- ~i
S
`~r
.
~1!sT ~ I '1
i rrf',' s ~ I
f~
~ • '
• ~
t
11 .r~ .y
fir.
wy~r...~~'~i-'` r ~ la rte.` ~~~.yJ,•_T"`rr^'~
~ _'.'?~~(r~ ~ :~"i~'1~~vtC-s~~~.'~_ 1~~ ~ "al _r+>'i.N~r''t~:~, `~-y
Figure l9 Site 2=1180, ,Feature D Uprightyand Fallen Piers. view to cast
~-1
Feature D is interpreted as the foundation for an historic structure of undetermined function. As
only one of the four piers are intact, it is impossible to determine the original size and shape of the srruc-
ture. [t is possible that this feature may be associated with the abandoned boat launch situated outside the
parcel to the west. Feature D is altered and in poor to fair condition.
Subsurface testing was undertaken to determine if subsurface cultural deposits were present. A
mtal of five OS m diameter shovel tests (STs) were excavated (see Figures 10 and 13). The shovel tests
were positioned in two parallel rows. with STs I-3 bisecting the approximate center of the parcel and STs
4-5 located c. 30.0 m to the west. These excavations revealed identical soil stra[igraphy which consisted of
033 to 0.67 m of a dark brown (?SYR 3/4) silt with from 30 to 80% gravel and pebble inclusions (Laver
I), over bedrock. The soil stratigaphy noted within the shovel tests is presented in Figure ?0.
ST-1 was situated near the southern end of the Feature B alignment. Layer I in this location was
0.65 to 0.68 m in thickness. Cultural remains Gom Layer I consisted of 48 fragments of marine shell
(Cvpraea sp., n=34, 34.8 grams, Conus sp., n=l, 0 3 gams, Nerita picea, ?=I3, 4.3 grams, Nerita politer,
n=3, L I gams, 1'ellino sp., n=3, 1.0 grams, Stilifer linckioe, n=1, 0.7 grams and unidentified marine shell
fragments, ?=4, 1.7 grams), a small waterworn basalt cobble (56.1 grams), a volcanic glass flake (llmm
long, 8 mm wide, 2 rnm thick, 0.4 grams), two clumps of burned wood (10.9 gams), 10 fragments of chaz-
coal (2.0 gams) and two fragments of rusted metal (2.5 gams).
ST 2 was located near the northwestern end of Feature B, 20.0 mnorth-northwest of ST-1. Layer 1
in this location was 0.27 to 0.31 m in thickness. Cultural remains from this ST consisted of 230 fragments
of recent charcoal (167 grams), two fragments of Cypraea sp. shell (2.0 grams), a volcanic glass flake (14
mm long, 1 l mm wide, 2 mm thick, 13 grams) and two fragtents of brown bottle glass (2.4 gams).
ST-3 was situated 20.0 m norrh-northwest of ST-2 in an area of level grass. Layer ] m this location
consisted of 0 33 m 0 35m and contained no cultural remains.
ST-1 was located 20.0 rawest-southwest of ST-2. Layer I in dtis area was 0.4 to 0.46 m in thick-
ness. Cultural remains Gom ST-+ consisted oC five marine shell Gagnents (Cypraea sp, n=3, 5.4 grams,
Ce[lana sp., n=1, 0.7 gams, :Intro sp., n= 1, 3.1 grams), one frogmen[ of sea urchin body (0.1 grams), three
wa[erwom coral pebbles (8.4 grams), one large fragment of recent charcoal (0.7 grams), a small metal
grommet (0.7 grams), a fragment of brown bottle glass (0.9 grams), three fragments of cleaz window pane
glass (2.9 gams) and a small molded glass object (2.9 grams). This glass object is 22 mm long, 13 mm
wide and 7 mm thick with two 4 mm in diameter spiked projections isee Figure 18). It apparently is a
decorative element from a glass vessel of undetermined shape.
Sl'-> was situated 20.0 mnorth-northwest of ST-4 and 20.0 rawest-southwest of ST-3. Layer [ in
[his area was 0.4 to 0.-11 m thick. Cultural remains from ST-4 consisted of nine marine shell fragments
(Cvpraea sp.. n=4, 4.9 gams, Cellana sp. ,n=f, 0.3 gams, Nasser Serra, n=l, 02 grams, and three uniden-
tified marine shell fragments 0.9 grams) and a round headed nail with a square shaft (4.0 grams). The head
of the nail is l l m in diameter and the shaft 33 tnm long and 3 ttun square (see Figure 18).
The shovel testing within the parcel evidenced a mixed cultural deposit containing both indige-
nous and historic cultural remains. The indigenous remains consisted of marine shells, volcanic glass flakes
and watenvom coral. The historic remains consisted of bottle and window pane glass, a small glass object,
metal fragments, a nail, and what appears to be relatively recent charcoal because it consists of large, well
preserved pieces including some that are not completely carbonized. The absence of cultural remains in ST-
3 suggests this mixed deposit is situated in the south and southwestern portion of the parcel, in the general
vicinity of Features B, C and D. The presence of the indigenous remains indicates that the parcel was pre-
historically occupied, although no pre-contact surface remains or intact culrural deposits were identified.
The historic debris represents the remnants of historic use of the area. This historic use may represent the
remains of historic house sites that may have once existed within or near the project area, and/or the rem-
nants of the World War [I era use of the parcel.
35
1
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E E
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~ ~ ~ ~
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O r O ~
w
36
CONCLUSION
Discussion
Test excavations identified a mixed deposit covering portions of the project area containing port-
able remains from a[ least three temporal periods. The marine shell and volcanic glass flakes were probably
deposited during prehistoric to early historic times. The squaze nail, and potentially some of the glass,
probably was deposiced during the f SOOs to early 1900s. The flat iron on the wall south of the project area
probably also daces to this period.
The bottle glass and construction materials including concrete, aluminum, metal, and asphalt rep-
resent use of the project area during the 1900s, potentially by the U.S. military during WWII when the
Kawaihae and Waikoloa region was used for military training. The temporary nature of the boat launch's
construction (see Figure d) and the alignments of possible tent stakes would be expected for a military fa-
cility used in [he 1940s.
The mixed nature of the deposit is probably a result of both historic earthmoving activity and
wave action. Haun et al. (2003) documented a pier a short distance north of the project area that was aban-
doned aver it was damaged by a tsunami in 1946. The same event potentially damaged the nearby boat
launch and displaced the concrete piers in [he seaward portion of the project area.
Significance Assessments
Pursuant [o DLNR (2003) Chapter 275-6 (d), the initial significance assessments provided herein
are not final until concurrence from the DLNR has been obtained. The site identified dttring the survey is
assessed for significance based on the criteria outlined in the Rules Governing Procedures for Historic
Preservation Review (DLNR 2003: Chap 275). According to these rules, a site must possess integrity of
location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association and shall meet one or more of the
following criteria:
I. Criterion "a". Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the
broad patterns of our history;
2. Criterion "b". Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past;
3. Criterion "c". Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of
construction; represent the work of a master; or possess high artistic value; .
4. Criterion "d". Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on
prehistory or history; and
5. Criterion "e". Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people
or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional culttual prac-
tices once carried out, or still carried out, a[ the property or due to associations with tradi-
tional beliefs, events or oral accounts--these associations being important to the group's
history and cultural identity.
Based on the above criteria, Site 24180 is assessed as solely significant under Criterion "d". The
site has yielded information important for understanding historic land use in project area.
37
Recommended Treatments
The mapping, written descriptions, photography, and test excavations a[ the site adequately docu-
ment it and no further work or preservation is recommended for the site.
38
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39
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40
FR
n. d. Foreign Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land
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FT
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Kelly, Marion
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logical and Historical Surveys ojthe Waimea to Kawaihae Road Corridor, Island of Hawaii.
By William Barrera, Jr. and Marion Kelly. Departmen[al Report Series 74(1). Bemice P.
Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
Ken[, N. 1.
1983 Hawaii: Islands Under the Influence. Monthly Review Press, New York.
4I
King, P. N.
1990 A Local i#ismr;v.' Tradiaon, Development, and World War. Consultant Report No. ]3.
Kirch, P.
1985 Feathered Gods and Fishhooks.' An /ntroduction (o i~awaiian Archaeology and Preh~storv.
University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu.
Kuykendall, R.
1957 The Hmvaiian Kingdom 185~J-187-0. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.
Kuykendall, R. and Day, A. G.
1976 Hawaii: A History from Polynesian Kingdom to American State. Prentice-Hall, Englewood.
Ladd, E,
1986 Ruins Stabilization and Restoration Record. Pu`ukohola Heiau National Historic Site, Kawai-
hae, Hawaii. National Park Service ms. On file, State Historic Preservation Division. Kapolei.
Langias, C.
1994 Pu`u of Mauka Kawaihae and Kalala Ahupua`a, District of Kohala, Hawaii Island. Report of
an Investigation of the Hawaiian Cultural Significance of Candidate Sites for the Kamuela
Area (Hawaii) NEYRAD Installation. Prepared for S1tI International, Menlo Park, California.
Llopis, J. and Sharp, M.
1994 "Geophysical Investigation For the Location of a Historic Heiau. Kawaihae. Hawaii." Geo-
tectmical Laboratory. Prepared for U.S. Army Engineer, Honolulu. [On file at SHPD Library
#H-1375]
Maly, K.
1999 Na'a[a Hele Ma Kai O Kohala Hema (The Coastal Trails ojSourh Kohala), Archival-
Historical Documentary Research, Oral History-Consultation Study and Limited Site Preser-
vation Plan, Kawaihae-Anaeho`omalu Trail Section. Lands of Kawaihae 2, Ou1i, Lalamilo,
Waikoloa, Puako, Waima, Kalahuipua`a and Anaeho`omalu, District of Kohala, Island of
Hawaii (TMK: Overview Sheets: 6-2, 6-8 & 6-9). Kutnu Pono Associates report prepared for
Na Ala Hele Program (Hawaii Island), State Division of Forestry and Wildlife.
Moffat, Riley M. and Fitzpatrick, Gary L.
1994 Surveying the Mnhele: Mapping the Hmvaiian Land Revolution. Palapa(a'flina. Editions
Limited, Honolulu.
Mission Station Reports
1332-70 Mission Station Reports: Waimea, Hawaii. Hawaii Mission Children's Society Library.
n.a. (No Author)
1967 "Historical Notes: Waimea-Kawaihae, South Kohala, Hawaii." [On file a[ SHPD Library #H-
463]
NR
n.d. Native Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land
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NT
n.d. Native Testimony Recorded by the Boazd of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Ha-
waiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawaii S[a[e Archives.
42
Oliver. D.L.
(961 The Pacifrc Islands. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Orr, M.
2003 "Cultural Impact Assessmen[, Kahua Ranch DAGS Rainbow Tower & Faci]i[ies, Pu'u Wai-
akanonula, Kahua Ranch, Ahupua'a ofKahuali'ili'i, District of Kohala, Hawaii.
Pukui, M., Elbert, S. and Mookini, E.
1974 Place ;Names of Hmvaii. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
Rechtman, B., and M. Clark
2000 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of an 8.7-acre Parcel at Mau`umae Beach (TMK: 3-6-2-
02:7). Kawaihae 2nd, South Kohala District, Island of Hawaii. Rechtman Consulting Report
RC-009 prepared for C & H Properties, Kamuela Hawaii.
Reinecke, J.E.
1930 Survey of Sites on West Hawaii. Ms. In Bishop Museum.
Rhodes, U.
1993 "Overview of Hawaiian History" [Chapter 11 & [II] in Greene (1993) NPS
Rosendahl, P., and L. Carter
1988 Excavations at John Young's Homestead. Kawaihae, Hawaii, Archaeology at Pu`ukohola
Heiau National Historic Site. Edited by Gary F. Somers. Western archaeological and Conser-
vation Center Publications in .-I nthropology No. 47.
Rosendahl, P., and L. Carter
1995 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Proposed Substation Site and U[ility Corridor for
NEXRAD, Land of Kawaihae 1" South Kohala District, Island of Hawaii. PHRI Report
1492-121694 prepared for SRI Interna[ional, Menlo Park, California.
Sato, H, W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R. Smythe, and M. Takehiro
1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii, United States Department of Agriculttt[e, Soi] Conserva-
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Schuster, L.
1992 Bulldozers and Archaeology at John Young's Homestead, Archaeology a[ Pu`ukohola Heiau
National Historic Site. National Park Service, Honolulu.
Soehren, L.
1964 An Archaeological Survey of the Shores of Ouli and Kawaihae, South Kohala. Hawaii. De-
partment of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
Somers, G.
1988 Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Spencer Beach Park. Entrance Road, Puukohala Heiau
National Historic Site, Island of Hawaii. Ms. On file, Pacific Area Office, National Pazk Ser-
vice, Honolulu.
Speakman, C.E., Jr.
1978 .in lnjormol History ojthe Hawaiian Island. San Rafael: Pueo Press.
Stephenson, L.K.
1977 Kohala Keia (This is Kohala) Collected Expressions of a Community, A Product of Ko
hala People. Privately published.
43
Stokes. J. and T. Dye
1991 Heiau of the Island of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology Z. Bishop Museum
Press, Honolulu.
Tomonati-Tuggle, Myra
L988 North Kohala: Perception of a Changing Cornmuniry. A Cultural Resource Management
Study." For DLNR Division of State Parks, Honolulu.
Thrum, T.
1908 Heious and Heiau Sites Throughout the Hawaiian Islands. IN Hawaiian Annual for 1908, pp.
38-47.
Waihona'Aina Corporation
2000 The Mahele Database, Waihona.com
Walker, A., and P. Rosendah]
1989a Interim Report: Summary of Findings and General Significance Assessments and Recom-
mended General Treatments, Archaeological Inventory Strrvey, Mauumae Beach Parcel.
PHRI Report 702-102689 prepared for Sidney Fuke & Associates, Hilo.
1989b Preliminary Report: Summary of Findings and General Significance Assessments and Rec-
. ommended General Treatments, Phase 1 -Site Identification, Archaeological Inventory Sur-
vey, Queen's Lands at Mauna Kea, Land of Kawaihae 2, South Kohala District, Island of
Hawaii. PHAI Report 591-0907891 prepared for Mautta Kea Properties.
1994 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Proposed NEXRAD and ATCBI Sites and Related Access
Road Corridor, Land of Kawaihae 1 South Kohala District, Island of Hawaii. PHRl Report
1492-023394 prepared for SRI International, Menlo Park- California.
1995 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Proposed Substation Site and Utility Corridor for
NEXRAD, Land of Kawaihae I" South Kohala Di: trict, Island of Hawaii. PHRI Report
1492-121694 prepared for SRl International, Menlo Park, California.
Wolfe, E., and J. Moms
2001 Geological Map of the Island of Hawaii. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S Geological Sur-
vey
44
APPENDIX E -REPRODUCTION OF COMMENTS MADE DURING THE 30-DAY
COMMENT PERIOD AND RESPONSES TO 'CHE COMMENTS
1. State of Hawaii, Office of Environmental Quality Control to Peter Young, Department of
Land and Natural Resources dated October 12, 2004. Response letter from Brian T.
Nishimura, Planning Consultant to Ms. Genevieve Salmonson, Director, Office of
Environmental Quality Control dated November 18, 2004.
2. County of Hawaii, Planning Department to Brian T. Nishimura, dated October 29, 2004.
Response letter from Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant to Mr. Christopher J. Yuen,
Director, Planning Department, dated November 18, 2004.
4 O•
r 1
LB'AA LIN[iLE GEllEV1EMESALWNHpN
OOVEBMOB OFNAWN B~
STATE OF HAWAII
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL OUALiTY CONTROL
?as 9JVfN BERETANN 6TREEr
EUfIEN1
HONOLULU. HAWA~9BB13
TEIEPNOIIE(B0815BH1B5
FACSNAILEtBOE)9B6<1BE
EmeY: oegeOtwYNagM.N.u.
October 12, 2004
Peer Young
Department of Land and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 621
Honolulu, Hawaii 96809
Attention: Keith Chun
Deaz Mr. Young:
Subject: Draft Environnrentak Assessment (EA)
Kawaihae Change of Zoning Ptroject
We have the following comments to offer:
Timeframe: What are the anticipated stag and end dates of this project, and when do you
anticipate the auction of this parcel?
Pre-assessment consultation letters: 1n Appendix B (Pre-Consultation correspondence) only the
first page of the Department of Health's April 1", 2004 has bees reproduced. Please correct this
in the fins] EA.
!f you ]rave any questions, call Nancy Heinrich at 566-4185.
Sincerely,
( ,(i _ ,
t;,'c~-
GENEVIEVE SAL.MONSON
Director
c: Brian Nishimura
BRIAN T. NISHIMURA, PLANNING CONSULTANT
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
HIlo, Hawaii 96720-4221
Phone: (808) 935-7692 Fax: (808) 935-6126 E-mail: btnishi@interpac.net
November 18, 2004
Ms. Genevieve Sahnonson, Director
State of Hawaii
Office of Environmental Quality Control
235 S. Beretania St., Suite 702
Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
Subject: Draft Environmental Assessment
The Kawaihae Project
Dear Ms. Sahnonson:
This is in respotsee to your letter dated October 12, 2004, providing comments on the subject
Draft Environmental Assessment. The responses to your comments are provided as follows:
1. TIMEFRAME. The change of zone application will be submitted to the Hawaii County
Planning Department within a month of the completion of the HRS 343 Environmental
Review process. The change of zone process is anticipated to take between 9-12 months
to complete and the public auction is anticipated to take place within 12 months of the
change of zone.
4. PRE-ASSESSMENT CONSULTATION LETTERS. The second page of the
Department of Health's letter of April 1, 2004 will be included in the final EA.
Thank you for taking the time to comment on the proposed project.
Sincerely,
Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant
c. Mr. Keith Chun, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Land Division
Mr. Harry Yada, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii District Land Office
Oa(Y OF NgwYr
Harry Kim Christopher J. Yuen
Mrryor
Dirtc,or
`R' w 1~
1TE of~N~`
Roy R. Takemoto
Deputy Dlrcnor
~i7[1Tlt~~J II~ ~.tI~tT2CiT
PLANNING DEPAR'T'MENT
l01 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720-3043
(808)961-8288 Fax(808)961-8742
October 29, 2004
Brian T. Nishimura
101 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4221
Dear Mr. Nishimura:
SUBJECT: Draft Environmental Assessment Comments
Proposed Change of Zone for Sale of Long Term Lease of State Land for
Industrial or CommerciaUIndustrial Uses
State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR)
Kawaihae 1",South Kohala, Island and County of Hawaii
Tax Map Kev: (3) 6-1-003:015
We aze in receipt of your memo, dated October 6, 2004, transmitting the subject Draft
Environmental Assessment for the proposed change of zone for the subject pazcel.
We understand the DLNR intends to apply for a change of zone to allow for industrial or mixed
commerciaUindustrial uses on the subject property and to subsequently offer along-term lease for
sale by public auction of the vacant property.
By this letter we confirm that the subject 1.32-acre pazcel is zoned Open by the County of
Hawaii. The property is situated in the State Land Use Urban district and is in the Hawaii
County Special Management Area (SMA). The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG)
map of the General Plan (GP) designates this general area for industrial and open uses. The open
designation is assigned to a band of land along much of the shoreline of Hawaii County.
Although this band appears to affect the makai portion of the subject lot, it cannot be precisely
scaled to a set width. It is meant to signify a policy that open space along the shoreline should be
protected. Although rezoning of this entire parcel to xiustrial or mixed commercial and
industrial uses maybe considered under the present LUPAG map designation, consideration
must be given to the effect that it may have on the shoreline open space in the rezoning review
Hawaii County is an equal opp n tunity provider and employer
Brian T. Nishimura
Page 2
October 29, 2004
process.
The following corrections should be made prior to publication of the Final EA.
1. Although historically referred to as the Kawaihae-Mahukona Road, the highway
fronting the subject property is officially named Akoni Pule Highway.
2. The Tax Map Key (TMK) number for the adjacent shoreline pazcel reserved for
public recreational purposes by Governor's Executive Order 4042 (Part 4.1) is (3) 6-
1-03:014.
We have reviewed the DEA and offer the following comments, which we feel must be addressed
to support a Finding of No Significant Impact.
1. Although provided in Appendix B by your response t.o our pre-DEA comments, in
support of the perceived shortage of land suitable for the uses permitted under MCX
zoning, the discussion under Part 2.2.1 - "Socio-Economic Characteristics" should
include an analysis of vacant land in the vicinity of the project site that is already
zoned for industrial and/or commercial uses.
2. Part 2.1.9 -Scenic Resources discussion should mention Senate Concurrent
Resolution No. 179 H.D. 1 (copy enclosed), which resolved that the State and County
governments work in close collaboration to discourage subdivision and building
development makai of the Kawaihae-Mahukona-Hawi Road (Akoni Pule Highway).
3. Parts 2.3 - "Public Facilities and Services" and 3. - "Summary of Potential Adverse
Environmental Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Measures" should include a
discussion on the range of potential impacts that can be anticipated with a change in
zoning from Open to MCX. It is not reasonable to assume that such a change in
permitted uses will not have any impact or create any additional burden on existing
facilities and/or service providers.
For example, Part 2.3.2 - "Water System" should include some discussion or. the
potential adverse impacts on the future development of the adjacent parcel (TMK 6-1-
003:014) if two of its three total water commitments available from the Department of
Water Supply aze assigned to the subject parcel.
Also, Part 2.3.3 - "Protective Services" should provide some discussion on the range
of additional burden that would likely be placed on the existing emergency service
providers (fire, police, medical) as a result of the change in permitted uses from Open
to MCX.
4. Under part 4. - Alternatives, a discussion on the obvious alternative to the proposed
action of retaining the Open zoning designation of the subject property for future
expansion of the adjacent parcel designated for public shoreline recreational uses
should be included.
Brian T. Nishimura
Page 3
October 29, 2004
The listing of permits and approvals in Part 1.5.3 should include the requirement for
Special Management Area review pursuant to Rule 9 of the Planning Commission
Rules of Practice and Procedure for any subsequent development of the subject
property.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the proposed project. Should you have questions,
please feel welcome to contact Larry Brown or Esther Imamura of my staff at 961-8288.
Sincerely,
s
1
CHRISTOPHER J. YIFl~N
Planning Director
LMB:Imb
P:\WPWiN60\Lany\EA-EIS CommentsWishimum-DLNR 6-1-3-IS DEA cmnts.doc
Encl: SCR No. 179 H.D. 1
xc: DLNR w/Bncl.
Planning Department -West Hawaii Office
.175 ~
i r < <~..<. I~. rv n r l~. H .
;.,~i~;, I.r.ri~ii Lr,,i5i,~+i ut(r., iy"~ l~
CIA IF:I)FNA~VAI1
` ti~•b"
~iRGZ?~IG THE RETFP]TIOA? C)~' '~TE"+7 A^?D OPEAJ bPi~c:E MAKAI OF X:4WAIHAE-
MAHUKONA-HAWI ROAD FROM RAWAIHAE TO UPOLU POINT, HAWAII
WHEREAS, lands makai of the Kawaihae-Mahukona-Haws Road are
currently in a relatively undeveloped state; and
WHEREAS, the area contains Lapakahi State Historical Park,
an ancient Hawaiian coastal settlement, and, Mookini Heiau State
Monument, one of the most famous heiaus on the island; and
WHEREAS, the State Department of Transportation has
previously recognized the value of makai views. by requiring the
location of all utility poles on the mauaa side of Queen
xaahumanu Highway immediately south of the Rawaihae-Mahukona-Hawi
Road; and
WHEREAS, existing State zoning does not provide for urban
development on the vast majority of these lands; and
WHEREAS, the makai area lies !n large measure within the
Coastal Zone Management area administered by the State; and
WHEREAS, the makai area also lies within the Special
Management Area administered by the County; now, therefore,
HE IT RESOLVED by the Senate of the Fourteenth Legislature
of the State of Hawaii, Regular Session of 1988, the House of
Representatives concurring, that the State and the County "
3overnrnents are urged to work together in a collaborative effort
.o ensure that the pu611c view and open space currently existing
Sakai of the Rawaihae-Mahukona-Hawi Road be preserved; and
BE IT FdJRTHEA RESOLVED that the State and County governments
ork in close collaboration to discourage subdivision and
uilding development makai of the Kawaihae-Mahukona-Hawi Road;
nd
i
51217 SCA R~041
i ~ ~ ~ ~ <J .
i ~~;z~ ~ ~ a
~
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that certified copies of this
Concurrent Resolution be transmitted to the Chairperson of tha
Board of Land and Natural Resources, the State Land Use'
Commission, the Chairperson of Cha Nawnii County Council, the
Mayor of xnwaii County and the Direckor gf the Hawaii G~our~<;,~
R tinning Daparemenk:
,y
1
RF51217 SCR R0041
BRIAN T. NISHIMURA, PLANNING CONSULTANT
I01 Aupuni Street, Suite 217
Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4221
Phone: (808) 935.7692 Fax: (SOS) 935-6126 E-mail: btnishi@interpac.net
November 18, 2004
Mr. Christopher J. Yuen, Director
County of Hawaii
Platming Department
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3
Hilo, Hawaii 96720-3043
Subject: Draft Environmental Assessment Comments
Applicant: State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources
TMK: (3) 6-1-003: 15
Dear Mr. Yuen:
Thank you for providing your comments regazding the subject matter in your letter dated October
29, 2004. Upon review of your comments, we have prepared the following response to address
the issues raised in your letter.
1. Corrections: All references to the I{awaihae-Mahukona Road will be changed to the
Aknoni Pule Highway. In addition, the adjacent parcel reserved for public recreational
purposes will be identified as TMK: (3) 6-1-03: 014.
2. Part 2.2.1- Socio-Economic Characteristics: This section will be amended to include
an analysis of vacant land in the vicinity of the project site that is already zoned for
industrial and/or commercial uses.
3. Part 2.1.9 -Scenic Resources: We acknowledge the value of the scenic views makai
of the Akoni Pule Highway from Kawaihae to Upolu Point. We believe, however, that
Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 179 H.D.1 was not itrtended to apply to the subject
property. The subject property was an existing part of the I{awaihae urban node at the
time the resolution was adopted as evidenced by the State Land Use Urban designation
as well as the County General Plan Industrial designation. As such, we believe the
resolution more appropriately applies to those undeveloped lands between the urban
node of ICawaihae and Upolu Point
4. Parts 2.3 -Public Facilities and Services: The proposed change of zone of a 1.32 acre
pazcel from Open to Mixed Commercial/Industrial uses will not have a significant impact
on existing public fact7ities and service providers. The subject property is situated within
the existing urban node established for I£awaibae and will result in an increase of less
than 10% of the existing commercially zoned property and less than 1 % of the existing
industrial zoned property. It should be noted that the Fire Department stated, "we have
no comments to offer at this time regazding the project." The Police Department did not
respond to our request for comments.
With regard to the water issue, the Department of Parks and Recreation has been
assigned administrative responsibility for TMK 6-I-003: 014. The Department of Parks
and Recreation did not object to the transfer ofthe water commitments and in fact,
assisted the State's efforts in securing the transfer,
5. Part 4-Alternatives: The section on Alternatives will be revised to include a discussion
to retain the Open designation for future expansion of the adjacent public shoreline
recreational use.
6. Part 1.53-Listing of Permits: Section 1.5.3 will be revised to include the requirement
for a SMA permit.
Thank you again for your comments on the draft environmental assessment. Should you have any
questions regazding this matter, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely, ~
Brian T. Nishimura, Planning Consultant
c. Mr. Keith Chun, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Land Division
Mr. Harry Yada, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii DisMct Land Office
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DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORK
COUNTY OF HAWAII
HILO, HAWAII
DATE: April 29, 2005
Memorandum
TO Christopher J. Yuen, Planning Director
Planning Department
FROM Galen M. Kuba, Division Chief~n-''
_~ngineering Division
SUBJECT Change of Zone Application (REZ 05-002)
Applicant: State of Hawaii
Location: Kawaihae 15', S. Kohala
TMK: 3 / 6-1-003:015
We reviewed the subject application and our comments are as follows:
1. All development generated runoff shall be disposed of on-site and shall not be
directed toward any adjacent properties. A drainage study shall be submitted for
approval prior to the issuance of any construction permit, and the recommended
drainage system shall be constructed meeting with the approval of DPW prior to
the issuance of a certificate of occupancy.
2. The applicant shall be informed that if they include drywells in the subject
development, an Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit may be required from
the Department of Health, State of Hawaii.
3. All earthwork and grading shall conform to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sediment
Control, of the Hawaii County Code.
4. The applicant shall comply with chapter 11-55, Water Pollution Control, Hawaii
Administrative Rules, Department of Health, which requires an NPDES permit for
certain construction activity.
5. The Hawaii Belt Highway, fronting the subject property, is under the jurisdiction of
the Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT). Comments and requirements
concerning this road should be obtained from the HDOT.
Should there be any questions concerning this matter, please feel free to contact Kiran
Emler of our Kona Engineering Division office at 327-3530.
co ENG-HILO/KONA
PY~
PLNG-KONA
EXHIBIT
Hawaii County is and Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer
,NTY of /,qw
4~' •7q
j ,
~iGt.
Harry, lCim Barbara Bell
Mdygr ri Director
'rE n: ~r'~' Nelson Ho
Deputy Director
C~>zixixtu of ~txfirttii
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
25 Aupuni Stree[, Raom 210 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-0252
(80S) 961-8083 • Fax (808) 961-8086
MEMORANDUM
Date April 6, 2005
To CHRISTOPHER YL1EN, Planning rector
From BARBARA BELL, Director /
SUBJECT: Change of Zone Applicatidn (REZ OS-002)
Applicant: State of Aawai`i, DLNR
Request: Open to MCX 1-acre
TMK: 6-1-3:15
We have reviewed the subject application and offer the following recommendations:
DEPARTMENT COMMENTS:
WASTEWATER DN ISION: N(A
( ) No comments
( )Require connection of existing and/or proposed structures to the public sewer in accordance with
Section 21-5 of the Hawaii County Code.
( )Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21-26.1 of the
Hawaii County Code. Complete D.E.M. Sewer Extension Application.
( )Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in accordance with
Section 23-85 of the Hawaii County Code.
( )Other:
SOLID WASTE DNISION:
( ) No comments
(x) Commercial operations, State and Federal agencies, religious entities and non-profit
organizations may not use transfer stations for disposal.
(k) Aggregates and any other construction demolition waste should be responsibly reused to
its fullest extent.
(x) Ample room should be provided for implementation of a recycling program.
Greenwaste may be transported to the green waste sites located at the Kailua and Hilo transfer
stations, or other suitable diversion programs.
( Y~) Construction and demolition waste is prohibited at all County Transfer Stations.
( )Submit Solid Waste Management Plan in accordance with attached guidelines.
( X) Other: t-ESS~C CSC SC40.1~ Syl3Mli' SOMA WA.Sl'E MAK/4GF.~lh`~11`
pLA_.l~l, PER Ia.lTA.Ct~E?-D OCT. 13~ ZtJO3 (ylflbb"1.6f~11~S
CC: SWD 6869
Hawai ~i County is an erlual opportunity provider and employer.
Elf?~IT ®6~®~~
T ww,,_
-~~'°•yy Barbara Bell
Director
Harry Kim
Mayor ).AlaO TySOa
Solid Watte Olvition Chtej
•~W M?
Canty Of ~~V1/~I`I
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIIiONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
25 Aupeai StreeP, [loom 210 a FLIq gawaf'i 96720.A251
(808) 96108.7 . Faz (808) 961-8086
October 13, 2003
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Guidelines
INTENT AND PURPOSE
This is to establish guidelines for reviewing solid waste management plans, for which
special conditions are placed on developments. The solid waste management plan will
be used to: (1) encourage recycling and recycling programs, (2) predict the waste
generated by the proposed development to anticipate the loading on County transfer
stations, landfills and recycling facilities, and (3) predict the additional traffic being
generated because of waste and recycling transfers.
REPORT
The consultant's report will contain the following:
1. Description of the project and the potential waste it maybe generating: i.e.
analysis of anticipated waste volume and composition. This includes waste
generated during the construction and operational phases. Greenwastes will be
included in this report for both construction grubbing and future operational
landscape maintenance.
2. Description and location of the possible sites for waste disposal or recycling. We
will not allow the use of the County transfer stations for any commercial
development; commercial development as defined under the policies of the
Department of Environmental Management, Solid Waste Division.
3. Since the Department of Environmental Management promotes recycling,
indicate onsite source separation facilities by waste stream; i.e. source
separation bins of glass, metal, plastic, cardboard, aluminum, etc.
4. Identification of the proposed disposal site and transportation methods for the
various components of the waste disposal and recycing system, including the
number of truck traffic and the route that truck will be using to transport the waste
and recycled materials.
Solid Waste Management Plan Guidelines
Page 2 of 2
5. The report will include any impacts to County waste and recycling facilities, and
the appropriate mitigation measures. All recommendations and mitigation
measures will be addressed.
6. Description of the waste reduction component that analyzes techniques to be
employed to achieve a reduction goal.
7. Analysis will be based on the highest potential use or zoning of the development.
REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS
1. A solid waste management plan will be done for all commercial developments, as
defined under the policies of the Department of Environmental Management,
Solid Waste Division.
2. We will require the developer to provide or resolve all recommendations and
mitigation measures as outlined in the report; besides any conditions placed on
the applicant by the Department of Environmental Management.
3. A licensed environmental or civil engineer will draft and certify the solid waste
management plan.
CONCUR:
j.i~~
Barbara Bell
DIRECTOR
xrv ar yqK
Harry Kim Darryl J. Oliveira
Mayor Fire Chiej
....:•y>~ Desmond K. Wery
• or x• Deputy Fire Chief'
~tCoutttp of ~aYooi`i
' FIRE DEPARTMENT
25 Aupuni Street • Suite 103 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720
(808)961-8297 Fax (808) 961-8296
April 22, 2005
TO: CHRISTOPHER J. YUEN, PLANNING DIRECTOR
FROM: DARRYL J. OLIVEIRA, FIRE CHIEF
SUBJECT: CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ OS-002)
APPLICANT: STATE OF HAWAII, DNLR
REQUEST: OPEN TO MCX 1-ACRE
TAX MAP KEY: 6-1-3:15
In regards to the above-mentioned special permit application, the following shall be in accordance:
Water supply shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10301:
"Sec. 10.301. (a) Type Required. The chief shall designate the type and number of fire
appliances to be installed and maintained in and upon all buildings and premises in the
jurisdiction other than private dwellings. This shall be done according to the relative
severity of probable fire, including the rapidity with which it may spread. Such appliances
shall be of a type suitable for the probable class of fire associated with such building or
premises and shall have approval of the chief.
"(b) Special Hazards. In occupancies of an especially hazardous nature or where special
hazards exist in addition to the normal hazard of the occupancy, or where access for fire
appazatus is unduly difficult, additional safeguards may be required consisting of additional
fire appliance units, more than one type of appliance, or special systems suitable for the
protection of the hazazd involved. Such devices or appliances may consist of automatic fire
alarm systems, automatic sprinkler or water spray systelns, standpipe and hose, fixed or
portable fire extinguishers, suitable asbestos blankets, breathing appazatus, manual or
automatic covers, cazbon dioxide, foam, halogenated and dry chemical or other special fire-
extinguishing systems. Where such systems are installed, they shall be in accordance with
the applicable Uniform Fire Code Standazds or standards of the National Fire Protection
Association when Uniform Fire Code Standards do not apply.
EXHIBIT
V , y<
lr V°~J~V '~E~
Hazoni'i County is an Equal Oppartunidj Provider and Employer.
V
Christopher J. Yuen
Apri122, 2005
Page 2
"(c) Water Supply. An approved water supply capable of supplying required fire flow for
fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which buildings or portions of
buildings are hereafter constructed, in accordance with the respective county water
requirements. There shall be provided, when required by the chief, on-site fire hydrants and
mains capable of supplying the required fire flow. '
"Water supply may consist of reservoirs, pressuue tanks, elevated tanks, water mains or
other fixed systems capable of providing the required fire flow.
"The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of
delivering the required fire flow shall be protected as set forth by the respective county
water requirements. All hydrants shall be accessible to the fire department apparatus by
roadways meeting the requirements of Section 10.207.
"(d) Fire Hydrant Markers. When required by the chief, hydrant locations shall be
identified by the installation of reflective markers.
"(e) Tlmiug of Installation. When fire protection facilities are to be installed by the
developer, such facilities including all surface access roads shall be installed and made
serviceable prior to and during the time of construction. When alternate methods of
protection, as approved by the chief, are provided, the above maybe modified or waived.
"(f) All fire alarm systems, fire hydrant systems, fire extinguishing systems (including
automatic sprinklers), Class I, II, III (combination standpipe system) and combined systems,
basement inlet pipes, and other fire protection systems and appurtenances thereto shall meet
the approval of the fire department as to installation and location and shall be subject to
periodic tests as required herein. Plans and specifications shall be submitted to the fire
department For review and approval prior to installation."
~ULI V CllCE1
Fire Chief
JCP:cmj
Troy M. Kindred
HaCry KIIR r Administrator
Mayor
Lanny T. Nakano
{j,, ~'ei MM`'~ AssistantAdminisbator
~fu7~~ ~ ty(h ~I7<1TXCl~I' .Q1~ ~~1V iX~1
' ` ~I~ DEFEPiSE AGE1~iCY
- 920 Olulaoi Street • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-3958
1. ~ _ j,:i(~08) 935-0031 Fax (808) 935-6460
TO: Christopher Yuen, Director, Department of Planning
Attention: Norman Hayashi
FROM: Lanny T. Nakano, Acting Administrator ~7~^~~'~
DATE: Apri122, 2005
SUBJECT: Special Permit Application (5SP OS-002)
Applicant: State of Hawaii, DLNR
Request: Open to MCX 1-acre
Tax Map Key: b-1-3:15
We have reviewed the above application and would like to submit the following comments;
Section 2. Environmental Setting, 2.1 Physical Environment, 2. i. l Geology and Hazards,
Environmental Setting states, "as being in Flood Zone VE-10 which indicates a tsunami zone
with a base flood elevation of 10 feet. The subject property is situated a minimum of 50 feet
mauka of the shoreline and with an elevation range of 10 to 35 feet above mean sea level."
We believe that this should read as, "The Property is located within the coastal high hazard
area, and that there is a high degree of risk to human life." The Applicant must bear in mind
that the property is in the tsunami inundation area. The subject property is also vulnerable to
hurricane storm surge and high surf conditions, as experienced on September 11, 1992, when
Hurricane Iniki moved north and pazallel to the west shores of Hawaii Island.
If you have any questions, please call us at 961-8229.
EXHIBIT Ug9,8~3
Hawaii County is an equal opportunity provider and employer
~ s. ~..°..M9b
4 ,l'e \ °+9~ 9
Ni
LINDA LINGLE 'ER CNIVOME L FUKINO, M.p.
covEanloa oweci'oa of Nea~1rv
o?
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
P.O. BOX 916
HILO. HAWAII 96721-0916
h9F_,MORANDUM
llA"I'l~: April 28, 2005
TO: Christuph~~r.l, Yuen
Planning l)ircclur, Cuunly ul I lawaii
FKOM: Aaron Ueno
District }:nvironmental IIeallh Program Chief
SUI3,IIX'"I : Change of Lone Application (REl OS-002)
Applicant: StateoflIawaii,DLNK
Kequest: Open to MCX I-acre
Tax Map Key: 6-1-3:]5
The use of individual wastewater systems is allowed. "The type and number of individual
wastewater systems to he used will be determined by the wastewater rules in effect at the
time of building permit application.
UIUI:I1 IU'i 115-1102 NI
~~°~~~w3
EXHIBIT
F
Department of Transportation
Highways Division
Hawaii District
50 Maka'ala Street DIR LOG No. 0696 (follows 0643)
Hilo, Hawaii 96720 April 21, 2005 HWY-H OS-2.0265
.
TO: HWY-T, ALVIN TAKESHITA r"'~ r"~^
~ ~ ~"o
ATTN: ROBERT ITAGAKI r
FROM: STANLEY TAMURA, HAWAII DISTRICT ENGINEER
SUBJECT: Subdivision Use _ SMA
_ Variance _ SLU _ Special Permit
_ PUD _ Consolidation X Rezoning 05-002
Memorandum & Comments TMK. No. 6.1-003:015 _ ) ,
Transmitted as follows:
We have no objections to this application.
_ Not applicable to State Highway System.
_ Comments of Letter No. HWY-H dated will stand.
For review and comment to County of Hawaii, Planning Department.
X _ With comments shown below. Roadview Explorer Route 270 sign m.p. 1.897 frame 12567 right side
MORE INFORMATION NEEDED
X Drainage and flood patterns at existing drainage structures on State highway.
X Drawings showing existing driveways with dimensions.
X Construction plans (for review and approval).
Drainage plans and calculations.
X _ Traffic Impact Analysis and Report (for review and approval).
X NPDES Permit or DOH Letter of Determination.
ACCESS COMMENTS/CONDITIONS:
Channelization of access intersection.
Traffic Signalization at
Street Lighting at
No vehicle access, 10-ft. planting screen easement other than at access points.
Common access driveways for lots
X Highway Improvements required from this application shall be provided at no cost to the State and shall conform
to Hawaii Statewide Uniform Desion Manual for Streets and Highways and the Specifications for Installation of
Miscellaneous Improvements within State Hiahwavs.
Defer comments to County of Hawaii Department of Public Works.
Utility Easement(s) required.
Left Turn channelization lane on highways where speed limit is 45 mph or greater. Posted 35 mph S.L.
OTHER COMMENTS/CONDITIONS:
X No additional storm discharge shall be allowed onto the State's right-of-way.
Metes and bounds discrepancy, contact State Highways.
Future highway corridor will affect lots:
Show control of access along highway.
X Shall participate in their prorata share of future highway impacts and improvements.
X Guardrails for all lots (lower ones) that require protection from highway traffic.
X Applicant shall comply with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements.
for construction activity disturbing one (1) or more acres of total land area.
X ADAAccessible Improvements.
X On site employee parking required - No parking on state highway. .
ABOVE CONDITIONS EFFECTIVE FOR 2 YEARS FROM DATE SHOWN.
Contact Person: Clinton M. Yamada (808) 933-8866 EXHfBIT ®6~5~4
State Highway Project No.: FAP 11-D
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