HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0472.001 2004-2006 JN~y'~~ ~'!W
~y6~;. Barbara Bell
Director
Harry Kim _
hlnyor _ Nelson Ho
•i
•~E of •H•~ Uepury Director
~II1tTT~'~T D~ ~tI~1T2tli
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
25 Aupuni S[reM, Room 210 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-0252
(808) 961-R083 • Fax (808) 961-8086
htto~//co hawaii hi us/d-rec[orv/dr e ivmne h[m
November 3, 2005
Vice Chair Virginia Isbell
And Members of the Hawaii County Council
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, HI 96720
Subject: Comm. 472 to Purchase Two (2) Boom Trucks
As requested in your October 24, 2005 memorandum, enclosed is information on how other
communities/cities handle bulky items.
If I can be of further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Aloha,
~a Bell
DIRECTOR
attachments
cc: Mayor
SWD Chief
Comm. No..I.112''
Ref. To°resevdM1 WYlt~i
Ref. Date 0~
Hnwni ~i County is nn eyua/opportunity provider and employer
a~
"N SOLID WASTE DIVISION
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
~M~`
COUNTY OF HAWAII - 108 Railroad Ave. - Hib, Hawaii 96720
Hilo Office (808) 961-8339 Fax (808) 961-8553
MEMORANDUM
DATE Monday, October 31, 2005
TO Barbara Bell, Director
FROM Michael Dworsky, Chief
SUBJECT: Response to County Councilperson Virginia Isbell request for information
Attached is some interesting downloaded information from the Internet which provides an
overview on how communities/ cities handle bulky items. There are basically three
methodologies to handle bulky or "white" goods:
a.) If curbside pickup is available (usually metropolitan areas), spick-up for bulky items is
scheduled into the monthly schedule. For example in Honolulu, Mayor Mufi Hannemann
has made bulky item pickup for all the island a priority. Until now only metropolitan
Honolulu had regularly scheduled bulky pickup. "There's no excuse to dump on Hawaii.
Collection services are readily available. Garbage is collected curbside twice weekly,
green waste twice monthly, bulky items monthly and drop-off centers are available around
the island for those who don't have curbside pick-up. This is our home, our island, our
responsibility to care for its health and beauty." Mayor Mufi Hannemann (www.opala.ora)
(see Attachment #1 and #2, also items 1, 2, and 3 of Attachment #3)
b.) When curbside pickup is not available (more rural communities, or smaller towns) transfer
stations or convenience centers are usually the accepted drop-off facility for bulkv Goods.
Prior to 1993 when the USEPA and the states adopted the subtitle "D" requirements for
landfills, there were small landfills in every community in the country. As a result of the
subtitle "D" legislation, most small unlined landfills have closed, and larger regional landfills
constructed properly and at great cost, have become the norm. Small communities that
can't support curbside pick-up, have developed transfer stations or convenience centers to
replace the local dump. (see item 4 of Attachment #3, and Attachment #5)
County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer.
c.) States can also implement an Advanced Disposal Fee if there is sufficient political will.
These have traditionally been difficult to implement, may not be cost effective, and will no
doubt run into objections from suppliers and importers. (see Attachment #6).
Finally Attachment #4 provide some interesting information regarding the handling of
Household Appliances (White Goods), and the concern about chemical components found in
some appliances. Attachment #5 discusses the impacts of transfer stations such as the County
of Hawaii operates. However, the County needs appropriate funding to operate the
convenience centers better and make necessary improvements to maintain them in the publics
interest.
County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer.
Bulky Item Pickup Page 1 of 4
Bulky Item Pickup
Drop-Off
Frequently Neighborhood Household Convenience
Asked Refuse Hazardous Bulky Item Centers for
Questions Collection Waste Pickup Refuse
8 Rec clin
~ Nome Monthly Bulky Pickup
Opala Nui .r=y ~n~
at"°^~ Expanding Islandwide - ~ ~
Waste ,
asoosai s
~t'J at Home Click on map for collection ,
y - W ~
ReLyCllna schedules. "t ~'~~Q
Businesses ~ w±........ n.. ~ ~
Mandatory Regularly scheduled, monthly - ,~4~.
~ Rewaino pickup is expanding to all Oahu -
",W,,1B homes. See the maps for your
cm region's schedule and start date. Please continue to call for bulky pickup
o~'®
~;~e service until the monthly schedule starts in your area.
Just o
~1q~°P" Keiki end Monthly pickup in your area is conducted over a 3-4 day period. All your
e „ Teachers
Forte items must be placed at the curb by 6:00 am on the first day only.
EmDIOYeas
Mayor Mufi Hannemann has made bulky item pickup for all the island a
News end roiorit Until now, onl metro olitan Honolulu had r ularl scheduled
EverHs P Y• Y P eg Y
bulky pickup. The new service will replace the "on-call" service that had bee
~ti a8 operating for the rest of the island.
Resources
Ydeos "The benefits Of regular bulky item pickup are huge for our
cc
o~ica communities. Oahu's streets and sidewalks can be clutter-free and safe,
~ VVaslat.ine and we believe this will significantly reduce illegal dumping. But only if you
~ do your part as well -everyone must responsibly adhere to the schedule
c°,,,~~ and place items at the curb only on designated days.
Us
"There's no excuse to dump on Hawaii.
Collection services are readily available. Our garbage is collected curbside
twice weekly, green waste twice monthly, bulky items monthly and drop-off
http:/lwww.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/bulky_item~ickup.html 10/31/2005
Bulky Item Pickup Page 2 of 4
centers are available around the island. Please take the time to know the
schedules and dispose of items properly. This is our home, our island, our
responsibility to care for its health and beauty." -Mayor Mufi Hannemann
Islandwide collection schedules
Rules/Guidelines
What is and is not collected?
-
What if I can t wait for the_ collection_Period or have items
unaccep#able for pickup?
What if _I__m_ iss the collection crew?
Reuse Options: How to reuse before you dispose?
Use The Honolulu Star-Bulletin's Free_"Recycles Ads"
The City provides free collection of bulky items, such as furniture,
appliances, and mattresses. Metal appliances are recycled. ff your items are
still in good, useable condition, contact reuse organizations such as
Goodwill and Salvation Army first.
• • • i
rt* ,:a
Your bulky items are collected in two different types of trucks. Large
metal appliances are collected separately and taken to a metal recycling
company. Those containing freon, such as refrigerators, are first taken to
Refrigerant Recycling to remove and recycle the freon. Other items, such
as televisions, mattresses, and furniture, are collected in a rear loading
packer truck and taken to the landfill for disposal. So, if those are still
usable, don't put them out for bulky item pickup, call one of the reuse
organizations listed here.
Rules/Guidelines
To help the City provide efficient service and to keep your
neighborhood safe and attractive, you must follow these rules:
. Put items out for collection no earlier than the evening before your
scheduled pickup day or period. Bulky items sitting at the curbside for
long periods are unattractive in your neighborhood, can be unsafe
(especially for children) and can attract illegal dumping at that site.
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/bulky_item~ickup.html 10/31/2005
Bulky Ttem Pickup Page 3 of 4
. Remove or secure doors for refrigerators. Children have been known
to suffocate in refrigerators, unable to open the doors from the inside.
Remove the doors, tie it closed or place the door against the ground or
a wall to prevent it from opening.
. Do not block sidewalks, driveways or roadways.
RE r~RN To U5r OF SUBJECTS
What types of items are collected
Whose bulky items are collected?
All householders except those in dwellings owned by the State or Federal
governments.
What 3s collected?
Furniture, mattresses, bed frames and box springs, rolled up and fastened
carpeting, appliances, minor home repairs and remodeling not to exceed
one cubic yard.
What is not collected?
Construction materials, demolition debris, dirt, rock, concrete, large
automobile parts, tires, auto batteries, propane tanks, hazardous waste and
any refuse suitable for regular twice-a-week collection.
What if I miss the collection crew?
Your bulky items must be stored on your property until the next month's
scheduled collection. Apartment buildings and complexes must provide a
holding area on the property.
What if I can't wait for my scheduled collection period or have items
unacceptable for pickup? You may drop off bulky items at any C
convenience center -Waianae, Ewa, Waipahu, Wahiawa, Kawailoa
(Haleiwa), Laie, Kapaa (Kailua), Waimanalo -open seven days a week, 7
a.m. to 6 p.m. Convenience centers also accept tires, auto batteries and
propane tanks. Householders can bring construction/demo materials directly
to the Waimanalo Gulch landfill (Leeward), open seven days, 7 a.m. to 4:00
p.m. For hazardous waste, click over to Household Hazardous Waste or call
the Household Hazardous Waste Line at 692-5411.
Re ruRrd To Li$r OF SuEi~ecTs
Honolulu Star-Bulletin's Free "Recycler Ads"
http://www.opals.org/waste_disposal_at_home/bulky_item~ickup.html 10/31/2005
Bulky Item Pickup Page 4 of 4
For those wanting to give away an item for free, the Honolulu Star-Bulletin
offers a free "Recycler Ad" in the classified section. They will list the item for
five days. Please call 529-4800 for details.
Re ruRN To L!si OF SUBJEC7s
Drop-Off
Frequently Neighborhood Household Convenience
Asked Refuse Hazardous Bulky Item Centers for
Questions Collection Waste Pickup Refuse
& Rec clin
http://www.opala.orglwaste_disposal_at_home/bulky_item~ickup.html 10/31/2005
Drop-Off Convenience Centers for Refuse & Recycling Page 1 of S
;i
_
Drop-Off Convenience Centers for Refuse and Recycling
Drop-Off
Frequently Neighborhood Household Convenience
Asked Refuse Hazardous Bulky Item Centers for
Questions Collection Waste Pickup Refuse
8 Rec clin
The City and County of Honolulu provides nine locations
around the island for residents to dispose of their household
rubbish. Residents may use any of these locations for free.
Recvciin9 Containers are onsite for the separate collection of different
et Home
types of materials: combustibles are processed at H-POWER;
D~B'no°toeeai non-combustibles are taken to landfill; yard waste is hauled to
t mulching and composting sites; and large appliances, tires and
R-~`-i`~ auto batteries are taken to recycling facilities.
for
Businesses
Mandarorv Subjects in this section: Click on subject or scroll down for
>Lt"7 R~""a more information.
How the
Preparing Your Refuse for Disposal and Recycling
Maneaes
°oiN~gro Locations and Hours
Just for
• Keiki and
„ Teachers .Ewa Co_ nvenience Center
For City
E~Yees
- Laie Convenience Center
Nevus end _ _ _ _ _ _
Events ° Wahiawa Convenience Center
oam a
Waianae Convenience Center
vases
~notog Waimanalo Convenience Center
G~hics
Wastel.ine Waipahu Convenience Center
t
°ontae1 Kapaa Transfer Station
u:
. Kawailoa Transfer Station
. Keehi Transfer Station
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/convenience_centers.html 10/31/2005
i~"7T1~rC 1~~rv~ 2'ti
Drop-Off Convenience Centers for Refuse & Recycling Page 2 of 8
. Waimanalo Gulch_$anitar~Landfill
~'9 .
R Y
~ .
'tM..
Separate your refuse in advance so that
you can unload it into the appropriate
bins. Combustible material goes into the
bin that will be hauled to H-POWER. Yard
waste goes into the bin headed for the
composting facility. Non-combustible stuff
goes into the bin slated for the landfill.
R~7uRN To J.iS7 OF Sue,?EGr:.
General Rules and Procedures
Convenience centers are reserved for residential waste material
only. Commercial or business refuse (from tree trimmers, roofers,
plumbers, small stores, farmers, etc.) is strictly prohibited.
Delivery vehicles are limited to pickup trucks, mini-vans or
automobiles. Business-0wned vehicles are permitted, provided
they are limited to the above types and are delivering residential
waste.
In order to provide convenience to all, no more than two loads per
resident will be allowed per day. Most items from your home will
be accepted; however, certain items are restricted or prohibited.
When using a Convenience Center, please follow
these rules:
Plan your delivery.
Separate your combustibles, noncombustibles and
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/convenience_centers.html 10/31/2005
Drop-Off Convenience Centers for Refuse & Recycling Page 3 of 8
green waste. Upon your arrival, the convenience
center security guard/attendant will inspect your load
and instruct you to deposit your materials in the
appropriate refuse bins/storage areas.
Obey the security guard's instructions.
The success of the City's recycling program depends
on everyone's cooperation. Depositing rubbish in the
wrong bins will contaminate recyclables and could
affect your convenience center privileges in the future.
Make room for others.
Cut or breakdown long, large items, such as tree
branches, empty boxes, lumber and pipes, so that
they will fit compactly in the refuse bins. Remember,
convenience centers have a limited capacity.
Think safety at all times.
Drive slowly, watch for directions by the security guard
and obey all traffic control signs and pavement
markings. While unloading your vehicle, be careful of
your footing. Children and pets must remain inside of
vehicles at all times.
Set a good example for others.
Clean up after you're done. Picking up rubbish around
your vehicle will help to keep the convenience center
clean.
Be patient.
If the convenience center is closed, consider using the
City landfill, refuse transfer station, another
convenience center or return later. Heavy usage or
mechanical breakdowns can cause temporary,
unscheduled closures.
RETUftIJ TO LIST OF SUBJECT'
Preparing Your Refuse for Disposal and Recycling
The City requests your kokua when preparing your refuse for disposal.
Separate your refuse so that you can unload it into the appropriate bins:
. Burnable refuse r,, ~ „f-; ~ ,
goes into the ~ ~ j
"Combustible" bin, i
which is sent on to
the H-POWER ~ ~
waste-to-energy ,
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/convenience_centers.html 10/31/2005
Drop-Off Convenience Centers for Refuse & Recycling Page 4 of 8
plant. '
. Non-burnable
refuse goes into the
"Noncombustible" _ ~
bin, which ends up ~ ~
at the landfill. ~
.Yard waste goes
into the "Green . , y
Waste" bin, which is
delivered to Separate areas are designated at the
mulching and convenience centers for tires, batteries
composting sites. and large appliances. Metals are
transported to the metal recycler; batteries
. Large appliances, to the battery recycler and tires to the tire
tires and auto recycler. So please read the signs and
batteries are set off place materials in the proper locations.
on the side for Notice the rimmed tires mistakenly
separate collection dumped in the pile designated for tires
and delivery to without rims.
recycling facilities.
Upon arrival, please follow the attendant's instructions.
Acceptable Refuse for "Combustible" bin:
Paper, cardboard, cloth, plastic
Plastic bags of trash (unless filled with noncombustible
refuse)
Wood (2x4 size or smaller; maximum 4' length)
Roofing material (wood shingles and asphalt paper)
Acceptable Refuse for "Noncombustible" bin:
Metal, glass
Mattresses, furniture, appliances"
Rugs, carpeting
Tires (limit 4 per load)
Lumber (larger than 2x4 size; maximum 4' length)
Drywall, plywood panels
Roofing materials (tile)
Acceptable Material for the "Green Waste" bin:
Grass, leaves, branches
Hedge and tree trimmings
Stumps, logs
Banana cuttings, coconuts, palm fronds
Untreated lumber, untreated pallets
Separate Storage Areas are provided at each site for the
following recyclable materials:
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/convenience_centers.html 10/31/2005
Drop-Off Convenience Centers for Refuse & Recycling Page 5 of 8
Freon appliances -refrigerators, air conditioners
Non-feon appliances -washers, dryers, heaters, stoves
Tires
Auto batteries
Propane tanks (empty and 5 gal. maximum capacity)
Restricted Items:
Large appliances - 2 per month
Tires - 4 per month
Auto batteries - 2 per month
Drywall - 5 sheets per day
Plywood - 5 sheets per day
Prohibited Materials:
Business/commercial and farmlagricultural refuse
Dirt, rock, sand, concrete, asphalt
Liquids, oils, greases
Wet kitchen garbage
Animal carcasses and waste products
Large automobile parts
Explosives and weapons (including propane tanks)
Hazardous or toxic waste
Wet paints, solvents
Poisons, pesticides, herbicides
Medical waste
Propane tanks containing gas or larger tnan s gal.
RETURN TO LIST OF SUBJEC7 i
Locations and Hours
Ewa Convenience Center
Location: Geiger Road, near gate to Barbers Point NAS
Tel: 226-2996
Hours: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily
RETURN TO LIST OF SUBJEC7 S
Laie Convenience Center
Location: behind the City's Laie Corporation Yard (56-020
Kamehameha Highway)
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/convenience_centers.html 10/31/2005
Drop-Ot~'Convenience Centers for Refuse & Recycling Page 6 of 8
Tel: 293-8714
Hours: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily
RETURN TO UST OF SUBJECrs.
Wahiawa Convenience Center
Location: 71-129 Wilikina Drive, where Kamananui Road
meets Wilikina Drive
Tel: 621-3648
Hours: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily
RETURN ro Lrsr of sueJECr:;
Waianae Convenience Center
Location: off Plantation Road, next to the Waianae Landfill
Tel: 696-4203
Hours: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily
RETURN TO L/Sr OF SUBJECT S
Waimanalo Convenience Center
Location: Hihimanu Street, near the sewage treatment plant
Tel: 259-7182
Hours: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily
RENRN TO LIST OF SU6JECi S
Waipahu Convenience Center
Location: Waipahu Depot Road, near to the Honolulu Police
Academy
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/convenience_centers.html 10/3 I /2005
Drop-Off Convenience Centers for Refuse & Recycling Page 7 of 8
Tel: 676-8878
Hours: 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. daily
RETURN io usr of sUBJEC r:
Kapaa Transfer Station
Location: Kapaa Quarry Access Road
Tel: 262-4248
Hours: 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (M-F); 7:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
(Sat.-Sun.)
RETURN TO LIST OF SUBJECT,.
Kawailoa Transfer Station
Location: Kawailoa Road, Haleiwa
Tel: 637-5511
Hours: 7:00 a.m. -6:00 p.m. daily
RETURN 70 LIST OF SUBJECT.:
Keehi Transfer Station (accepts green waste and
combustible material only)
Location: 606 Middle Street
Tel: 845-1162
Hours: 12:00 noon to 6:00 p.m., Monday through Saturday
RETURN TO LIST OF $UBJEGIS
Waimanalo Gulch Sanitary Landfill (disposal only; no
recycling options available)
Location: 92-460 Farrington Highway
Tel: 668-2985
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/convenience_centers.html 10/31/2005
Drop-Off Convenience Centers for Refuse & Recycling Page 8 of 8
Hours: 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. daily
RETURN To LIST OF SuBJEQr$
Drop-Off
Frequently Neighborhood Household Convenience
Asked Refuse Hazardous Bulky Item Centers for
Questions Collection Waste Pickup Refuse
8~ Rec clin
http://www.opala.org/waste_disposal_at_home/convenience_centers.html 10/31/2005
_ _ Attachment 3
1.
The Citv of Marion, Iowa
Schedule a Special Trash Pick-Up
Please note there is currently a waiting list for special trash pick-up. Please submit this form early
and phone to double-check your selected date is available.
Special collection service is available every Monday to residents who pay Marion's garbage fee only,
businesses are not included. The service is $25 for everything picked up in a I S minute time frame while
using a large end loader and dump truck. The items must be placed at the curb for pick up. They cannot
be placed out before Saturday, but must be out by 7 a.m. on Monday.
The $25.00 fee covers pick up and disposal charges at the landfill and includes one (1) white good
(refrigerators, televisions, freezers, air conditioners, water heaters, stoves, etc.). Any additional white
goods will be charged at $9.00 each (landfill cost). The $25.00 fee also includes up to two (2) caz tires
(off rims), all additional tires will be charged at $3.00 each, $4.00 with rim. Any printers, fax machines,
copiers or scanners cost an additional $3 each (landfill cost). Computer monitors and towers cost an
additional $5 each (landfill cost). Any special collection including cardboard will be chazged an
additional $10.00 and hauled to the recycling center as cardboazd has been banned at the landfill since
January of 1999.
If you have questions on what is and is not covered by the basic fee, please contact the Public Services
Department, 377-6367. Any items, such as remodeling debris, torn down sheds, broken up concrete, etc.
will be chazged the $25.00 fee plus the landfill charges of $35.00 per ton. Items not accepted for pick up
are -oil, gasoline, paint, household chemicals, lawnmower engines, auto parts, hazazdous materials,
propane cylinders, Freon cylinders, etc.
Call the Public Service Department at 377-6367 with any questions or by 4:30 p.m. on the Friday prior
to arrange for this service or fill out the following form (no later than 5 p.m. on the Thursday prior)
which will be e-mailed to the city department.
2
The Town of Ferguson, Missouri
Waste Services:
Disposal of regular household waste for the City of Ferguson, Missouri is provided under contract with
Midwest Waste. These services are required for all residential housing units within the City limits.
Basic Service includes (1) once a week collection of refuse, recyclables, and yardwaste (all collected on
the same day); and (1) once a month collection of Bulky Trash, which will always fall on your last pick
up day of the month. Bulky Trash collection is limited to 3 items per pick-up and must be scheduled 3
days in advance with Midwest Waste.
Larger volume and white good appliances are not considered Bulky Trash, but they can be collected
every Wednesday for all Ferguson households by scheduling I day in advance with Midwest Waste.
Download Ferguson gazbage collection schedule map
COLLECTION HOURS 6:30 AM to 7:00 PM.
3
Town of Wakefield, New Hampshire
B. CATEGORY II -FEES REQUIRED -Wakefield New Hampshire
I. White Goods: A $10 disposal fee will apply to any white good that contains freon. Refrigerators must
have their doors removed prior to acceptance at the Transfer Station.
4
Town of Waterton, NY
Does The City Pick Up Bulk Items Or'White' Goods (which simply means large household
appliances of any color!)?
Yes, the City offers a spring and fall drop off program where residents can transport their unwanted
items to a designated site for disposal Most white' goods (lazge household appliances) aze accepted free
of charge. Examples aze: Washers, dryers, hot water heaters. All other items aze chazged based upon
volume. NOTE: Refrigerators, air conditioners or any other appliance which contains FREON are
no longer accepted.
Attachment 4
Nebraska Cooperative Extension NF94-189
A University of Nebraska NebFact Publication
Handling Wastes: Household
Appliances (White Goods)
by Shirley Niemeyer, Extension Specialist, Nome Environment _ J
Kathleen Heiden, Graduate Student, UN-L
Wayne Woldt, Extension Specialist, Waste Management
What do you do with your old or worn out white goods: lazge appliances such as refrigerators, freezers,
washers, dryers, stoves, furnaces, and water heaters? According to the Nebraska Integrated Solid Waste
Management Act, "on and after September 1, 1995, land disposal of discazded household appliances
shall be prohibited". (Household appliances are not specifically defined in the bill.) These requirements,
in Nebraska and other states, have resulted in changes in disposal procedures and increased interest in
recycling. (As of 1993, no state regulates disposal of household electronic products.) This NebFact will
help you to understand why this ban has been enacted and some of your options.
People are asking what to do with their old appliances. Options include:
1. trade in when purchasing a replacement,
2. locate local businesses that may recycle appliances for scrap metal, or
3. sell to business for reconditioning, at an auction or gazage sale.
If safe to do, store the appliance temporarily until acceptable options become available in your area.
Dumping litter (appliances) along the roadside is illegal and subject to fine. More options may become
available as businesses develop networks for recycling.
Be a responsible and good neighbor - if you must store an appliance, store it safely (doors otl; coils
protected, etc.) and out of sight, or find a way to have it reused, reconditioned, or recycled. Make sure
that any potential contaminants, such as CFCs (chlorofluorocazbons) and PCBs (polychlorinated
biphenyls) are handled responsibly.
Why Bans?
Why are household appliances banned from disposal in landfills in several states? Some of the reasons
include:
1. to reduce the waste volume going to the landfill
2. to increase recycling of some components and to save energy and natural resources and
3. to avoid problems with potential pollutants that may leak into the surrounding soil, air or
groundwater from some appliances. These potential pollutants include such materials as CFCs
and PCBs. Because of their persistence in the environment, toxicity, and potential damage to
groundwater, manufacture ofPCBs was discontinued in the U. S. in 1979. CFCs have a depleting
effect on stratospheric ozone and are being phased out world wide over a period of time.
The 1990 Amendments to the Federal Clean Air Act prohibit the venting or release of Freon, or CFC
and hydrochlorofluorocazbon (HCFC) refrigerant gases, from discarded appliances when they are
disposed or recycled. CFCs and HCFCs must be removed from each appliance before they are disposed
or delivered for recycling. The act provides fora $25,000 fine for each occurrence of intentional venting
of CFCs. The final person in the chain must have a certificate showing the CFCs were recovered by a
certified technician using a certified recovery machine.
Processing
Processing may involve shredding, cutting with a torch, or compressing and bundling. Before an
appliance can be purchased by a scrap processor, environmental problems such as PCBs and CFCs must
be addressed. A written certified CFC removal certificate must be supplied to the final facility in the
disposal chain.
Capacitors and CFCs or other potential contaminants such as mercury switches or insulation aze
removed before the remainder of the appliance, such as metal parts, are recycled. This activity may
require registering or permitting as a hazardous waste generator, preparing a special storage area for
PCBs, and contracting for hazardous waste disposal. Some scrap metal dealers may also require the
removal of compressors, motors, insulation, mercury switches, ballasts and other components before
appliances aze accepted. Thermocouples, found in some ovens, may contain mercury. Transmission oil
and compressor oil pose special processing problems because they may contain high levels of CFCs.
The removal and management of CFCs from discarded appliances is a complex process and means more
than buying a piece of equipment to remove the CFC gas. The recovery machine and the technician must
both be certified. The collection method must not damage or rupture the lines that contain CFCs. These
activities increase the cost of processing the appliances.
CFCs
Appliances to be disposed, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, may contain CFCs. Puncturing the
appliance refrigerant coil in the garbage truck, in landfill compaction, or in baling or shredding
appliances can release the CFCs into the air. To prevent the release of CFCs from discazded appliances,
CFCs must be removed from the appliances before they are crushed, baled or certified. Certified
machines (at a cost of about $2500) aze available that can remove the CFCs from most refrigerators and
air conditioners and recycle them for other uses. Release of CFCs into the air can result in fines.
Appliances that contain CFC or HCFC refrigerant gases include refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners,
water coolers, heat pumps and dehumidifiers. CFCs aze also found in wall panel insulating foam in
freezers and refrigerators.
Business and Consumer Solutions -Recycling, Reuse, Reconditioned
Appliances often contain significant amounts of steel. Some refrigerators contain at least 80 pounds of
steel. The demand for scrap metals over the years has supported recycling, and appliances aze just one
item in the recovery of iron and steel from obsolete products. In most processing facilities, appliances
are mixed with other items containing ferrous material such as cazs.
Appliance recycling businesses have developed in some areas. These recyclers either accept appliances
brought to their business free of charge or for a fee, or pick up the appliances for a fee. Fees may range
from $6 to $20 or more per appliance. In some areas, utility-sponsored collection programs aze in effect.
Retail stores may also offer a take back program when new appliances are purchased. Some landfills or
transfer stations accept appliances for a fee. Some communities arrange for a volunteer effort to collect
the appliances once or twice a year and then have trained personnel come to the community to either
remove the CFCs and PCBs containing parts or to transport the appliances to an appropriate facility.
Check the yellow pages, and with local or area appliance retail outlets, scrap metal dealers, and the
Nebraska State Recycling Directory for information on possible appliance recyclers in your area.
Appliances are delivered to scrap yards by different types of haulers: installation contractors, scrap
peddlers, individual home owners, and some municipal waste haulers.
There are labor and transportation costs in getting scrap to a processor. Whether obsolete appliances are
collected or not is determined in part by whether the scrap processor is offering a price high enough to
balance the cost of labor and transportation.
Factors that affect the price include proximity of populated areas to the processor and ease of access.
Appliances are generally considered a "low-end" item in the scrap price.
References
Lund H. F. (1993). 7helLtcGraw-Hill recycling handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Proceedings of the National EPA Conference on Household Hazardous Waste (1990,1991,1992,1993,1994). Andover MA:
Dana Duxbury & Associates.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of
May 8 andJune 30, 1914, in cooperation with the II. S.
Department ofAgriculrure. Elbert C Dickey, Director ofCooperative Extension, University ofNebraska, Institute of
Agriculture and Natural Resources.
University ofNebraska Cooperative Extension educational programs abide with the non-discrimination policies of the
University ofNebraska-Lincoln and the United States Department ofAgriculture.
Attachment 5
TRANSFER STATION VS. DIItECT HAUL
The choice of the two methods of hauling solid waste to the landfill could be made strictly on an
economic basis using Forms II-1V. The cost of operating a transfer station for the example
community 1 estimated at $85,634 per year. Directly hauling the solid waste costs approximately
$161,623 The cost of building and operating a transfer station verses delivering the solid waste to
the landfill with collection vehicles is a key consideration in the analysis. However, other factors and
political situations may also influence the final decision.
A transfer station can serve other purposes for the community. In the absence of a local landfill, a
transfer station provides a place for residents to dispose of items not picked up by normal collection
crews. Large items such as appliances and mattresses may be discarded at a transfer station. Finally, a
transfer station provides a facility where a recycling program could be easily
implanted.
RURAL COMMUNITY CONVENIENCE CENTERS
As the new Subtitle "D" landfill regulations begin to take effect, many landfills will close,
particularly in rural areas. In the absence of a local landfill or transfer station, residents will more
likely use illegal roadside dumps to dispose of waste not collected by the current system, unless an
alternative disposal site is provided. Illegal dumps are not only an eyesore, but are also a source of
groundwater pollution and potential health problems. Convenience centers provide a place for
citizens to dispose of items not picked up by normal solid waste collection, and they can provide a
space for a recycling program.
A community convenience center is simply a place for residents to bring material that they wish
to dispose of, or to recycle. There is a wide spectrum of convenience center designs. Factors such
as the type of material accepted, location and topography of the center, and the amount of money to
be spent will affect the design of the facility. Minimal requirements for a convenience center include:
] . all weather surfaces on the access road and on the site;
2. easy access by residents to the site and to the solid waste and/or recycling containers on the
site;
3. a fence around the perimeter to prevent material from blowing around and for security; and
4. an attendant on duty while the center is open to assist residents, prevent scavenging and
vandalism, keep the site neat, and most importantly, to control what is deposited at the site.
CONVENIENCE CENTER COSTS
The costs of building and maintaining a rural community convenience center can be divided into
capital costs and annual costs. Capital costs are the costs of purchasing the items needed to
construct and operate a convenience center. Annual costs include the costs of operating the
convenience center.
CAPITAL COSTS
The costs of constructing a convenience center could be as little as a few thousand dollars for a
minimal center, or as much as over $100,000 for a full service convenience center that includes
recycling. The following discussion of cost estimates for the site and equipment includes a list of
many items that could be used for a convenience center (Table 9). However, not all of these items
are necessary. A minimal convenience center may only have a few small containers (dumpsters) and
one or two large roll off boxes. Community leaders must decide what kind of convenience center
services and equipment would best fit the needs of their community.
Illegal dumpsitr~~
Illegal dumping is the disposal of waste in an unpermitted area to avoid the associated disposal costs or
efforts. It is also known as fly dumping, midnight dumping, open dumping or wildcat dumping because
materials are often dumped in open areas, from vehicles, along roadsides, and late at night.
Why are litter and illegal dumping a problem?
Litter and illegal dumping pose a serious threat to public health and safety, property values and quality
of life. The areas used for illegal dumping are usually easily accessible by people, especially children,
who are vulnerable to both the physical and chemical hazazds posed by wastes. The rodents, insects, and
other vermin attracted to these sites may also pose health risks.
Dumpsites with scrap tires provide an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes, which can multiply 100
times faster in the warm, stagnant water standing in scrap tire casings. Severe illnesses, including
encephalitis and dengue fever have been attributed to disease-carrying mosquitoes. Some of these sites
have been evacuated and property damage has occurred due to spontaneous combustion or arson. Illegal
dumping can impair runoff, making areas more flood prone when wastes block ravines, culverts, and
drainage basins. At rural dumpsites, open burning may cause forest fires and severe erosion, as fires
burn away trees and undergrowth. Additionally, runoff from sites may contain chemicals that leach into
and contaminate wells and surface water used as sources of drinking water.
In addition to serving as magnets for further dumping and criminal activities, illegal dumping may
decrease property values as the community becomes unattractive to commercial and residential
developers. The resultant tax revenue decrease due to lack of development exacerbates the problem as
there will be no funding available to clean up the sites and prevent further incident.
Why do people litter and illegally dump?
Communities frequently subject to illegal dumping are typically areas with limited access to or
knowledge of convenient, affordable waste disposal facilities or services and recycling programs. In
lower-income areas, residents may have difficulty affording trash pick up and disposal fees. Also, due to
gang- or drug-related activities and high crime rates, illegal dumping being given a low priority by law
enforcement officials and prosecutors. The problem may be worse in areas with a high renter population
who have less stake in the community or absentee landlords who do not respond to problems. Residents
in rural areas, where illegal dumping is a common, long-time practice, may not be aware of applicable
laws or understand the potential harmful impacts.
_ Attachment 6
Advance Disposal Fees (ADFs)
GMA (Grocery Manufacturers Association) supports mazket-based incentives such as unit pricing;
these "waste-end" mechanisms aze imposed at the point of disposal, promoting efficient waste
management decisions. We oppose "front-end" fees placed on products at the point of purchase. These
front-end fees provide no direct benefit, act as a tax on grocery products, and are expensive to
administer.
Background
Advance disposal fees (ADFs) impose afront-end chazge on products or materials before they are
discarded as waste. In practice, ADFs are difficult to implement and administer because of the
complexity in setting charges that reflect waste management costs and collecting the fees. These fees
have been imposed on narrow product categories such as tires or batteries and also on glass containers in
Hawaii and on all containers in Florida. The Florida law -the most complex and comprehensive ADF
adopted - set a flat fee on a broad range of containers (without regazd for true waste management costs)
and then offered a series of exemptions for containers with recycled content or for those made from
materials that were recycled at a high level in the state. The law was implemented in 1993 and was
allowed to sunset in 1995 due to its ineffectiveness.
Analysis
ADFs aze expensive to administer. Significant government bureaucracy is required to establish fee
levels, to determine how fees are collected, and to manage and enforce collections. Significant parallel
effort is required from companies who must track products and remit the appropriate fees. During the
ADF's two years of operation in Florida, administrative costs for the private sector alone equaled 14
cents for every dollaz collected by the state.
ADFs operate as discriminatory taxes on selected grocery products and packaging materials. Fees cannot
be set proportional to waste management costs. In Florida, 88 percent of the proceeds were diverted to
non-recycling purposes. Exemptions in Florida's ADF law established arbitrary tazgets that
discriminated against certain products and packages. Target recycling levels were set at vazying levels,
reflecting bias against certain packaging materials. In addition, recycled content exemptions
discriminated against food packaging because certain packaging materials (e.g. certain plastics) cannot
achieve necessary levels of safety and purity with recycled content.
ATTACHMENT
INFORMATION FOR MS. ISBELL ON USAGE OF BOOM TRUCK FOR BULKY GOODS
The County of Hawaii Solid Waste Division of the Department of Environmental Management has
requested County Council approval for the purchase of two Boom Trucks. Boom Trucks are intended to
be used throughout the island to safely pick-up and transport bulky items (white goods) and green
wastes. It is the goal of the County to separate and recycle as much generated waste as possible, and to
keep these items out of the waste stream which currently ends up at the two permitted landfills.
One of the planned improvements to the Transfer Stations is to provide space for the separation by the
residential users, of both white goods, and green wastes. These must be kept out of the transfer station
chutes and trucks. In the past, heavy white goods placed in the transfer station chutes, have caused
damage to the chutes and the floor of the transfer trailers. "They also fill up the trailers prematurely,
causing additional driving to landfills, increasing costs to the County of Hawaii. It is difficult and
almost impossible to separate the bulky items at the landfill face, once they have been compacted in a
transfer trailer.
Bulky items will be placed in clearly marked locations at the transfer stations. Because they are both
bulky and heavy, the boom truck will easily pick up the items on an as needed basis within the permit
requirements of the Hawaii State Department of Health.
Boom trucks are the best vehicles for this type of work. Worker safety is important, and avoiding injury
and the associated claims to the County of Hawaii are also important.
Some additional reading below provides information on how other communities deal with bulky goods,
utilizing boom trucks. It doesn't seem to make any difference if the community has curbside pick-up, a
call up program requesting pick-up, or a convenience center drop off station for bulky goods.
IBERVILLE PARISH LOUISIANA -BOOM TRUCK COLLECTION SERVICE
"ln order to better serve the residents oJ7berville Parish, the Boan Truck Co/lection Service was added. The purpose of the
Boom Truck Service is to
Dispose o~'large items in front ofyour home far removal
Have the mini dump come to you home once a week.
No vehicle in needed to transport your items to another locafion.
Keep our Parish cleaner, and make a safer environmentfor our children.
Allow residents to have a community clean up once a week at their own home.
These are just a few ways the Baom Truck will serve our residential comrnunity. This Boom Truck is a very important part of
solid waste management for Iberville Parish. Please remember that small items should be placed in trashcans or plastic bags
for the twice a week residential truck to pick up.
You can't lose and everybody wins with the Boom Track Service!"
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DURHAM, NC -Solid Waste Management Department
Bulky Item Pick-up Service
Bulky item pick-up service is provided to residents who have large items, such as large household appliances (white goods)
and old furniture which are too large [o be collected by the roll-out car[ crews. Items are picked up mechanically using a
special boom truck This service is provided for a fee (currently $20) for the collection of up to five large items. Payment can
be made by mail, in-person, or through your water bill.
NORTH FAYETTE TOWNSHIP -PENNSYLVANIA
North Fayette Township retained R. W. Beck to develop a cost effective program for the curbside collection of leaf and yard
waste, and to evaluate the current waste and recycling program in an effort to determine how to increase the program's
efficiency and cos[ effectiveness. The evaluation was performed as part of the Pennsylvania Recycling Technical Assistance
program available from the Department of Environmental Protection.
North Fayette Township is a suburb of Pittsburgh. Once a sparsely populated rural township, over the last few years [he
Township has grown a[ a rate of about three percent annually, or roughly 100 new homes per year, to approximately 4,000
residential households. Many of [he new residents are younger, middle class families that believe recycling is important for
the environment, and they support a refuse and recycling program [hat will increase recycling in the Township.
Collection System Recommendations
Given the material breakdown shown in Table 9, it appears that the Towrship could greatly increase recycling diversion with
only a minimal increase in current costs and collection resources. Specifically, it is recommended that the Township adapt
their collection system as follows:
@~ Implement a 39-week yard/leaf waste collection route;
~ Implement a bulky waste collection program to divert brush (i.e., that which is too large for collection via
rearloader) and scrap metal;
~ After making the preceding changes, increase refuse and recycling collection productivity levels to meet
reasonable industry performance standards and consequently increase route size; and
~ Revise [he Township's solid waste ordinance [o improve material definitions and implement a fee system for the
collection of bulky wastes.
Details of how to implement these recommendations, as well as cost impacts, are described below.
Implement a Bulky Waste Collection Program
The unlimited collection of bulky waste, much of which is bulky brush and yard waste, has been a significant problem for the
Township. To address this waste stream, and increase diversion of bulky bmsh materials as well as scrap metal and
appliances, the Township should purchase agrapple/boom truck with a 30 cubic yard dump body for collection of
bulky waste. Grapple trucks significantly increase efficiency for the collection of large piles of bmsh, bulky waste, and
appliances.
Brush (tree-trimming waste) could be collected separately and diverted to a compost facility to be managed. Scrap metal and
appliances could also be collected separately and delivered to a scrap metal recycler. Only the bulky wastes, which are
largely residential renovation material and household clean-outs, would be disposed at the landfill.
By requiring productivity gains in the Township's recycling route (discussed below), we believe i[ is reasonable to staff the
grapple routes with the current recycling crews. In other words, [he same crew would collect both recyclables and the range
of bulky wastes on the curzent bi-weekly schedule. On the days when recyclables were being collected, the grapple truck
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would sit idle. On the days when the grapple truck was in operation, the recycling truck would sit idle. Preventive
maintenance and most repairs would be performed on these vehicles on there down days.
All bulky waste (including brush and appliances/scrap metal) will be collected on a call-in basis and should be completed in
the regular eight hour day.
CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE -City Wide Services-Sanitation
Regular Garbage Service :Acceptable items are food scraps, non-recyclable paper, glass and plastic. Items should
be placed in plastic bags or garbage cans with a maximum size of 30 gallons. Garbage is collected once a week.
Automated Waste Collection: Acceptable items are food scraps, non-recyclable paper, glass or plastic. Use of the
95 gallon city issued cart is required. Garbage is collected once a week. Please bag all garbage.
Trash Flash: Acceptable items are bulky items such as appliances, furniture, mattresses, water heaters, etc.
Materials are collected with an articulated boom truck/trailer. Materials should be set out at curbside. Up to 3
items can be picked up at one time. Residents should contact the 311 Call Center to arrange for this service. The
City is divided iu[o five areas which are serviced once a week.
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