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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0864.001 2004-2006 BOB ?ACOBSON+v Or Phone No.: (808) 961-8263 Council Member v Fax No.: (808) 961-8912 E-Mail: jjaco@co.hawaii.hi.us OF M~+1 HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL County of'Hawai `i Hawaii County Building 25 Aupuni Street, Suite 209 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 May 4, 2006 TO: Chair Stacy Higa and Members oft . Haw/4i`i County Council FROM: Bob Jacobson, Council Member 1;,- V, SUBJECT: Document Regarding the Old Volc o Trail Attached for your information and consideration, in regard to Resolution 342-06, is the following document providing background to the history and current restoration efforts surrounding the Old Volcano Trail: Old Volcano Trail: Management Overview. As indicated on pages 46 and 47 of this document, the purposes stated in Resolution 342-06 are critical to tasks to be completed in order to open the Old Volcano Trail. Should you have any questions, please call me. Att. BJ/jw (NOTE: The "Old Volcano Trail Management overview" is on file in the Office of the County Clerk.) Comm. No. Ref. To: AOCA Ref. Date District 6 -Upper Puna, Ka'u, and South Kona ' Hawaii County Is An Equal Opportunity Provider And Employer OLD VOLCANO TRAIL Management Overview r 5 J of ..II w rv-.4U _ _ 'I'da oudiue frvw =mvnnvery Lnye -d Iw N. Ugnmmu. Compiled by Eric M. Kapono for the YWCA of Hawai `i Island February 3, 2005 OLD VOLCANO TRAIL Management Overview INTRODUCTION .............................................................3 PROJECT BACKGROUND 4 The Community Partnership 4 Chronology of Key Events ................................................8 EXISTENCE AND LOCATION OF THE OLD VOLCANO TRAIL 10 Geological Context .....................................................10 Ahupua`a of Kea`au and `Ola`a I I "Carriage Road" Construction, 1888 - 1894 13 Surveys of the Old Volcano Trail 16 1930 Land Court Ruling .................................................20 Current Status of the Old Volcano Trail 23 STAKEHOLDERS OF THE OLD VOLCANO TRAIL 26 Trail Neighbors ........................................................26 Community Characteristics 27 Community Outreach 28 Property Owner Notifications 29 Public Agencies ........................................................29 Trails as Public Resources 30 State of Hawaii 30 Federal Government 32 County of Hawaii 33 User Groups by Transportation Mode 33 SCENARIOS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE OLD VOLCANO TRAIL 34 Corridor Development Parameters 35 Jurisdiction Scenarios ...................................................36 State Ownership 36 Federal Ownership 37 County Ownership 38 Maintenance Scenarios ..................................................38 Public Agency 40 Private Organization 40 Public-Private Partnership 41 Trail Use Scenarios .....................................................41 Hiking Trail 41 Pedestrians, Equestrians, Bicyclists 41 Shared-use Path 42 Mixed Development 42 Trail Facilities ......................................43 Page 1 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview FUTURE PROJECT DEVELOPMENTS 46 Define Right-of-way Boundaries 46 Define Trail Corridor Alignment 46 Define Trail Development & Management 47 Design Trail ...........................................................47 Construct Trail .........................................................47 APPENDICES ...............................................................48 Survey & Feedback Form ................................................49 Community Survey Responses ............................................50 Property Owner Notification Sample Mailing 55 List of Parcels Receiving Notification Mailing 56 Page 2 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview INTRODUCTION This Management Overview provides background to the history and current restoration efforts surrounding the Old Volcano Trail. As an overview, it does not present recommendations, opting instead to provide information that guides future decision-makers. The Old Volcano Trail restoration project grew from the desires of community members to increase the number of recreational and exercise opportunities for the people of the Kea`au district. As discussed herein, the project was a unique opportunity to address health, recreation and transportation needs that were identified by over 300 community households. The Old Volcano Trail has a history as both boundary and corridor, serving to separate political districts while providing passage between places of significance. Both roles of the Old Volcano Trail allow unique insights to the history of Hawaii. For a more thorough exploration of the history of the trail, the reader is referred to the "Historical Background Document" dated January 26, 2004. Many individuals and groups have been involved since April 2001, each giving the added effort to keep this community initiative moving forward. As the project develops, the multiple levels of stakeholders interested in the trail's restoration will be given the opportunities to shape the trail's destiny. This Management Overview of the Old Volcano Trail partly fulfills a requirement of a grant agreement between the YWCA of Hawaii Island and the Hawaii Tourism Authority (HTA Contract No. BT-03-52). This document was compiled by Eric M. Kapono, who was contracted by the YWCA of Hawaii Island for the purpose of researching the Old Volcano Trail and facilitating the process for trail restoration. All requests for reprinting or distributing of the material contained herein shall be directed to Cynthia Albers at the YWCA of Hawaii Island. Hilo, Hawai'i January 31,2005 Page 3 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview PROJECT BACKGROUND The Old Volcano Trail was first documented in Rev. William Ellis' 1820-22 expedition on Hawaii island as the short route from Kilauea volcano to Hilo. In the 19`h century, the trail served as the primary means for international travelers and local residents alike to move between Hilo and the volcano. By the late-19' century, the trail's importance diminished when a new route was constructed, closely approximating today's State Highway 1 I ("Volcano Highway"). The trail today and for generations to come may continue to enrich the lives of travelers and residents alike, with its historical, natural and recreational characteristics. The Old Volcano Trail project may come to manifest a practical connection between residential areas as well as symbolize a social connection between volunteers, trail users and residents who enjoy it. Interest in researching and restoring the Old Volcano Trail came from a community- based initiative addressing improved health and recreational opportunities in the Kea`au district of Puna, Hawaii island. The Community Partnership: Kea`au Planning Group & YWCA of Hawaii Island The Kea`au Planning Group (KPG) formed in April 2001 to participate in the statewide Healthy Hawaii Initiative (HHI) that was mandated in legislation establishing the Hawaii Tobacco Settlement Special Fund. The relevant portion of the fund (Healthy Communities Initiative) aims for community-developed health promotion initiatives that support increased physical activity, improved nutrition, and reduced tobacco use, through systems, policy and environmental change. KPG focuses on the Kea`au High School Complex (HSC) district, a rural 200 square- mile area which includes one high school (Kea`au), one intermediate school (Kea`au) and two elementary schools (Kea`au and Mountain View). One of 10 HSCs on Hawaii island, the Kea`au district begins 30 minutes from the County seat of government in Hilo, and is situated on the windward (northeastern) slopes of Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes. As prescribed in the original intent of the Healthy Communities Initiative, KPG organized as a group of residents "who represent the fabric of a community and who are willing to come together in collaboration to initiate change and to improve health outcomes for all." The YWCA of Hawai `i Island assisted as the KPG fiscal sponsor (April 2001 to January 2005). The YWCA served as a committed partner, bringing a strong track record with local Page 4 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview funders and strengthening the long-term sustainability of the KPG partnership. Following a group focus session in January 2003, KPG developed a possibility statement that anticipates: A community that embodies and promotes a safe, healthy and active lifestyle through incentives for exercise, transportation options, and other physical activities with an emphasis on the district's natural beauty and open spaces. KPG members include school, community, government, business, and University of Hawaii representatives. Individuals participating in KPG planning and implementation activities since April 2001 have included: Cynthia Albers May Kahler Ron Reilly Charlene Awa Dan Kama Mary Ryan Beth Barwise Sandy Kelley Jay Scharf Laura Brezinsky Dave Mattice Chris Seymour Sally DeRyke Nancy Moser Jiro Sumada Bob Dircks Claudio Nigg Laura Warner Bob Jacobson Bernie Pavao Julie Williams Julie Jacobson Health Needs Survey Leadership and commitment of KPG is evidenced by the detailed and thoughtful consideration given to its 2001-02 Health Needs Survey. KPG designed and implemented a comprehensive community health needs survey of 70 questions which was distributed to residents in all Kea`au district communities. Responses (N=312, age range=l3-89 years) indicated that the top unmet needs included obesity education and prevention, transportation (to work, youth activities, and recreation activities), bike and hiking trails, and recreation programs for all ages. KPG determined that exercise-biking-hiking trails and other recreational-physical activity opportunities would directly and indirectly address these unmet needs without duplicating other programs in the district. Page 5 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Old Volcano Trail Project KPG identified the "Old Volcano Trail" (OVT) as a unique resource in the Kea`au-Volcano district that could address the needs revealed in the Health Needs Survey. The KPG project entails restoration of a portion of the OVT to public use for exercise and recreational purposes, as a collaboration between individual volunteers, community associations, state and county government, and other interested organizations. The intent of the trail project is the improved health and physical activity of the district community, with transportation alternatives provided through non-vehicular use of the trail for pedestrians and bicyclists to commute to school, work or other destinations. The entire OVT is 31 miles in length (from Hilo to Kilauea summit), and KPG initially focused on one 13.3 mile segment of the OVT. This middle portion - 11 miles from Hilo and 7 miles from Kilauea - was abandoned after 1891 when Kingdom of Hawaii surveyors identified a more direct route to Kilauea for a new macadamized "carriage road" (known today as State Highway 11, or Volcano Highway). The abandoned 13.3 mile segment is a public right-of-way, based upon a May 2003 Trail Abstract compiled at our request by Na Ala Hele Trails & Access Program, part of the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR). The Abstract further identified that the OVT was given a 30-foot wide "road reserve" in individual land grants from the 1890s. Page 6 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview a^ w " .t Mauna Kaa ' R 1a Kualald 4.. Y Mauna Loa y~ Kilauea r u Nn r I~r Figure 2 Location of the "Old Volcano Trail" (dotted line), approximately 31 miles between Hilo and Kilauea. Page 7 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Chronology of Key Events Apr 2001 The Kea`au Planning Group (KPG) participates in the statewide Healthy Hawaii Initiative. KPG includes volunteers from the Kea`au to Volcano district, and the YWCA of Hawaii Island serves as the KPG "fiscal sponsor." 2001-02 KPG designs & distributes a comprehensive health needs survey: 312 responses indicate some top unmet needs as obesity education and prevention, transportation to work and recreation, bike and hiking trails, and recreation programs for all ages. Nov 2002 KPG identifies restoration of the "Old Volcano Trail" as a unique opportunity to address the exercise, recreational and transportation needs of the district. Dec 2002 KPG contracts with an independent consultant to assist with research and facilitation for the "Old Volcano Trail" project. May 2003 DLNR Trails & Access Program finds the "Old Volcano Trail" to be a public right-of-way owned fee simple by the State, based upon a 1933 Land Court ruling. June 2003 KPG (through the YWCA) receives grant funding from the Hawaii Tourism Authority (HTA) for a field survey of the "Old Volcano Trail" including volunteer teams that clear a line-of-sight between survey markers ("pins"). Sept 2003 The Hawai` State Department of Transportation (DOT) Bike Plan Hawaii identifies the "Old Volcano Trail" as a Priority I - Shared-Use Path. Oct 2003 KPG and the YWCA notify 221 adjacent property owners about the field survey of the "Old Volcano Trail," and provide contact information to express support. Nov 2003 DLNR Land Division approves a "Right-of-Entry" permit for the YWCA to conduct the survey of the "Old Volcano Trail," including line-of-sight clearing. • First volunteer crew enters the trail at South Glenwood Road in Fern Forest subdivision on November 22, completing one mile the first day. Feb 2004 Initial round of Community Outreach meetings are completed, and input is solicited regarding community priorities for development of the trail. Page 8 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview July 2004 KPG volunteers encounter significant physical barriers along the OVT in the Hawaiian Acres section, and the decision is made to reduce the overall length of the trail pre-survey project, thereby postponing the Hawaiian Acres and Orchidland Estates portions of the trail until resources are acquired to remove physical barriers in the Hawaiian Acres section. Oct 2004 Last section of the pre-survey line-of-sight clearing is completed by KPG volunteers. Dec 2004 Survey firm R.M. Towill Corporation completes metes and bounds survey report, identifying the location of the "Old Volcano Trail." Towill Corporation ultimately donates over $25,000 of survey services to the success of the project. Jan 2005 Trail Management Overview completed. Jan 2005 Objectives of the Hawai `i Tourism Authority grant are completed. Page 9 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview EXISTENCE AND LOCATION OF THE OLD VOLCANO TRAIL Geological Context Thousands of years after Mauna Loa lavas contributed to the land mass of Hawaii island, Kilauea lavas began charting their way on top previous flows to N further expand east Hawai `i. The line where Kilauea flows overlap the older Mauna Loa flows corresponds sa v~ to the route of the OVT. The Mauna Loa flows, being' older, would characteristically have older growth s forests, whereas growth on the Kilauea flows in the v.n. nineteenth century would have been more sparse. It is " i MALES possible that the trail route was determined by the ease e 0 10KILOMMn with which travelers could move along the border of Figure 3 Kilauea Lava Flows the older forests and along the younger Kilauea flow. walk } Kftlo Bay IN Hilo 1935 6 1939 1950 ~~pN 19191 9 rnr ,926 PPlox Naalrhu !8 0 io MILES 1987 iJ 1869 0 10 KILOMETERS Figure 4 Mauna Loa lava flows Page 10 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Ahupua`a of Kea`au and `Ola`a The evolution of the OVT was shaped by the land tenure and land use systems in place during times of travel between Hilo and the Kilauea summit. The trail in fact forms a significant portion of the boundary shared by the `Ola`a and Kea`au ahupua `a (major land divisions). These two ahupua`a have distinct foundations in the conveyance of property title today. i ,Iv INuu I nrue11 • A roan .I Gupunu (~irsv !N rA Olua .-Ihlgmua (eirc•n 1874) - / Figure 5 Ahupua'a of 'Ola'a and Kea'au, as surveyed by John Lydgate (1874 & 1875), and showing the portion of "Old Volcano Trail" along the Kea'au -'Ola'a boundary. Page 11 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview In 1848, the Mahele 'Aina ("land division") began the process that led to today's fee simple ownership of land in Hawai'i. Through the Mahele process, Kamehameha III claimed 2.5 million acres of the archipelago's total 4 million acres of lands, of which he allocated 1.5 million as Government Lands and 1 million as Crown Lands. The remaining 1.5 million acres were then allocated to chiefs of high rank, and these lands were called Konohiki Lands. The title history of fee simple ownership of all Hawaiian lands today stem from one of these three sources. Ola`a is Crown Lands and Kea'au is Konohiki Lands; disposition of properties within each is distinct, and no single property crosses over the OVT along the Kea'au - 'Ola'a boundary. Ahupua'a of Kea'au Kea`au was held by Kekauluohi (niece of Ka`ahumanu) before the 1848 Mahele and was managed by her husband Charles Kana'ina who served as konohiki for Kea'au. Upon her death in 1845, her holdings passed to her son Lunalilo. Lunalilo retained his Kea`au holdings during the Mahele, and by 1855 had registered his Konohiki Lands with the Land Commission. Lunalilo ascended to the throne in 1873 as sixth monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, ruling for 13 months until his death in 1874 at the age of 39 years. Lunalilo's father Kana'ina remained as konohiki of Kea`au, and temporarily served as trustee of his son's estate which included the Kea`au holdings. Two years before his death, Lunalilo established a trust to manage, invest and sell his real estate for construction of a building to accommodate poor and elderly native Hawaiians. In 1877, the Lunalilo Home for elderly Hawaiians was established, although construction funds were lacking. In order to raise these funds, the Lunalilo Estate trustees sold one piece of property - the ahupua`a of Kea`au. In late 1881, the Hui' of William Shipman, Captain Elderts and Samuel M. Damon successfully offered at auction $20,000 for the nearly 60,000-acre Kea'au Tract. Two years later, Shipman bought out the interests of Elderts and Damon and became sole owner of Kea'au.2 ' A hui was a uniquely Hawaiian legal arrangement that was common in the 19' century. Hui were referred to as Co-Partnerships in Hawaiian Kingdom Law and distinguished from corporations and incorporated businesses. 'Emmett Cahill, The Shipmans of East Hawaii (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996), 116-117. Page 12 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Ahupua'a of '01a'a Before the 1848 Mahele, `Ola'a was held by Kaunuohua, descendant of high chief Keawema'uhili of Hilo.' During the Mahele, Kaunuohua relinquished '01a'a to Kamehameha 111, who then held '01a'a as Crown Lands.' This category of land was administered by the Board of Commissioners of Crown Lands. During the reign of Lunalilo the ahupua'a of '01a'a was offered to the public for leasing. In the newspaper Kuokoa on March 28, 1873, the following advertisement appeared': LAND FOR LEASE! The Crown Lands known as the ahupua'a of 'Ola'a, to the side of the district of Hilo, Hawaii. This is fine land for raising livestock and it has great abundance of pulu. For all matters regarding this, inquire with JNO. O. DOMINIS, Agent and Commissioner of Crown Lands. Honolulu, Mar 28, 1873. 591 4t. "Carriage Road" Construction, 1888 - 1894 In the late 1880s, the Kingdom of Hawai'i Interior Ministry sought to improve the route from Hilo to Kilauea for a growing number of travelers. Improvements generally were to widen and level the existing route with a "macadamized" road of crushed rock. Such was the case, until August 1891, when the existing route was rejected for a new route through the '01a'a forest. The new route left the old route at Kukulu (near present-day Kea'au Town), and coursed through the forests until re-joining the old route approximately 13 miles later at 'Oma'o ('Omau'u) woods. The construction of a "carriage" road through the '01a'a forests in the late 1880s opened the district to greater agricultural speculation, and in October 1891 the first 50 ten-acre homesteads lots were leased.' ' Maly, Kepa, The Historic Puna Trail - Old Government Road (Kea'au Section), 2 vols., Report prepared for Na Ala Hele Trails & Access Program, State of Hawai'i (Hilo, Hawai'i: Kumu Pono Associates, 1999, photocopy), 1:48 n. 8. ' Lilikala Kame'eleihiwa, Native Land and Foreign Desires. Pehea La E Pono Ai? (Honolulu: Bishop Museum, 1992), 238. 'Anita Manning, "Hawelu: Birdcatcher, Innkeeper, Farmer," The Hawaiian Journal of Hitory 15 (1981): fig. 5, 64a; Newspaper image translation by E. Kapono. 'Manning, "Hawelu," 66. Page 13 of 61 March IN89 ••Aagn.r 189.1 Olna school March IN93, 'seplemin•r I894 ' Figure 6 Construction progress of "Carriage Road" in relation to the "Old Volcano Trail" (dotted line). Page 14 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview i ON.. tiA".. I 1 r s° ,r Fna Ola" Qnnn' A d ® ~ s Figure 7 Detail view of where new "Carriage Road" debauches from "Old Volcano Trail" at 'Ola'a School, shown in relation to contemporary State Highways 11 and 130. One of the first actions of Sanford Dole's Republic of Hawaii was passing the Land Act of 1895, geared towards opening land ownership to non-Asian immigrants. The "Government Lands" and "Crown Lands" that were allocated following the Mahele were reclassified under the 1895 Act as "Public Lands." The liberal provisions for purchase of lease under the 1895 Land Act had bearing upon the 'Ola'a district by making ownership of the 50-acre parcels very attractive, especially with a newly built "Carriage Road" to access these lands. By 1900, nearly 200 grants were made for the 800 parcels of the `Ola`a Homestead Reservation Lots.' ' E.D. Baldwin, Surveyor, Registered Map 2250 - Olaa Homesteads Title Map, September 1900 (State of Hawaii Survey Office, mimeographed). Page 15 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Surveys of the Old Volcano Trail One result of the 1848 Mahele was the need for commonly certified boundaries of lands that were registered with the Land Commission. The first Surveyor General, W.D. Alexander, was appointed in 1871, and within a few years contracted John M. Lydgate to survey the boundaries of the `Ola`a ahupua`a (1874) and later the entire Puna district (1875) including Kea`au. Both survey maps indicate the course of the OVT (then named the "Hilo to Volcano Road"), showing how it forms part of the `Gla`a - Kea`au boundary (Lydate's 1874 `Ola`a survey is provided on the following pages). On January 21, 1875, the boundaries of Kea`au were certified by the Boundary Commission, upon the application of Charles Reed Bishop who served as one of three trustees of the Lunalilo Estate. The boundaries are recorded in Boundary Certificate No. 61 (Third Judicial Circuit, Vol 1-B: 112-115), a portion of which is included below for the Kea`au boundary that traverses the OVT (the "Hilo and Volcano road"), beginning near Kilauea: South 63.30' West 19700 feet to Kaluaike crater at the east side of the Puna and volcano road [road from Kilauea, to Keauhou, Kalapana and Puna coastline] and at the head of this land; North 6.40' West 3600 feet to Pohakuloa koa grove on the Hilo and Volcano road about 1730 feet below the junction of the Hilo and Puna Road; North 46.38' East 10230 feet along the land of Olaa; North 56.45' East 9400 feet to O cut in the pahoehoe at the little rise in the road about a mile and a quarter above the Omao woods; North 69.48' East 6400 feet to O cut in the pahoehoe on the road in the Omao woods; North 40.42' East 13070 feet to K cut in the road at Kuhalau; North 29.42' East 12140 feet to A cut in the road a place called Kahooku where some Neneleau trees are growing, and from where the houses at Kanekoa can first be seen; North 24.00' East 23810 feet to a pile of stones by the side (East side) of the road, a little below Waiuli; North 42.40' East 12350 feet to a pile of stones at the upper edge of a little strip of woods through which the road runs; Page 16 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview North 13.05' East 5600 feet to a large pile of stones on the lower side of the road at Makaulele; North 16.10' East 985 feet to O cut in the road at the extreme East corner of Olaa. Thence still along Olaa; South 85.00' West 4250 feet; South 72•ZO' West 25800 feet to a point in the woods the lands of Olaa and Waiakea join. Thence along the land of Waiakea... Page 17 of 61 > 5 , x I - 5T W , j - ~yyy~ Q A10' w ~ J ± a N V N Figure 8 Registered Map 42, "Map of Olaa" by Lydgate, 1874 (State of Hawa'i Survey Office, mimeograph). Page 18 of 61 - nnmygw.l ,a., 1 .MOUntaln Vl t wli • y4rM„ I. p~ IIA A. p' IL,,rI,f. 11.ILI,..,,.. P .OlenwoeE \Iwn.n n I,alnwAu . t}.• P An4'+I+u P' kAann-tl V'U.Intln \IlApnu.t IIAaYU n,xxl. PA' AULU tl o 7 =z VpKUne Xntu yM l Figure 9t Old Placenames along "Old Volcano Trail" based on Lydgate's 1874 survey, in relation to 19" cei mileposts (approximate) and contemporary roads and highways. Page 19 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview 1930 Land Court Ruling In 1930, W. H. Shipman, Ltd. filed an Application with the Land Court (Application No. 1063) to establish the boundaries of its holdings. By this time, Shipman had also acquired the ahupua`a of Waikahekahe Nui and Waikahekahe Iki, at the southeastern border of Kea`au. Shipman hired Peter Arioli to survey all the holdings, and the Territory subsequently assigned its surveyor Charles L. Murray to compile the survey record for the government. Following a meeting with Arioli, Territorial Surveyor R.D. King filed a memo dated July 19, 1930, containing the following item: The boundary between the Olaa Homesteads and Keaau is the old Volcano Trail, a meandering line. Arioli informs R. D. King that this trail has not been in general use for 20 years. The boundary traverse of this trail is along the trail (which is two feet wide, one built-up section for a mile in distance being about 4 feet wide) and which is about 14 miles long. It is suggested that the traverse be adopted as the boundary between Olaa and Keaau. This is satisfactory to the Survey Dept. on the understanding that there is sufficient land to the north to meet the needs of the ancient right-of-way, etc., that no homestead lot will obstruct the right-of-way (State Survey Division; emphasis added). Murray generated six plats for the portion of the boundary along the Old Volcano Trail (HTS Plat 818 A through F "Boundary of Kea`au Along Old Volcano Trail" CL Murray 1930; a portion of the map is reproduced below for illustrative purposes). Murray transmitted his survey records to R. D. King, Surveyor, Territory of Hawaii, with a hand-written memorandum dated Dec 17, 1930 (State Survey Records). This memorandum included the following references to the OVT: The old volcano road from Mrs Carmichael's lot at about 24 miles to the East corner of Olaa has been described to follow direct courses and points have been placed at the main turns in the trail. Most of the trail is still clearly defined in the pahoehoe altho in places it is buried with light layers of silt. Many of the original traverse marks of the Olaa Homesteads survey were located and described, thereby verifying the original surveyors intention of the Homestead boundaries and the boundary of Kea`au. A set of maps (working sheets by C. L. Murray) showing the description from 24 miles to the east comer of Olaa accompany this memo. The trails on these maps are shown where they are clearly defined. There are no signs to show that this trail is still in use. In many places a heavy moss has grown on the grooved trail in the pahoehoe and other places the trail is covered Page 20 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview with uluhe fem. Still in other places new trails have been opened away from the old trail. All this goes to show that the old trail is very seldom used if ever. A comparison of the new description with the homestead descriptions can be made on Murray's work sheets. Where marks could not be found the homestead descriptions were adopted where possible. (//)//Y IJOO fo \\Q~JJ ~ Ca. •~o rs t// 1/f \\'ZZ9 ZJa ZJ/ 43v/ fa C'e C'o. \o\ NI 239 2J>, 135, 149 1J"O, v ° I b' a , /e.e j/a.o i'~~++-a sa•rs r-• .trees ~~o o ° 1 ~ o o d' E:// Sri/ If°~ ~~o °0~ 4 8 4 F.t/ir/?. S 3 ' P o~ 10 1 w Figure 10 Reduced reproduction of HTS 818 (C.L. Murray, 1930), showing "old trail", boundary traverse, and "30 ft rd. reserve". Page 21 of 61 ,-IE+tOI +a Co+ne+1 4 ! v 1 \ ~ r ~'oknu+T+ d 1133n 1 1\CL. Muu \7\ R '1IRRV x L±= Figure 11 Location of "Old Volcano Trail" as surveyed by C. L. Murray in 1930, from "East corner of Olaa" to "C Page 22 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Current Status of the Old Volcano Trail The historic route from Hilo to Kilauea volcano along the OVT is about 31 miles, and current trail restoration activities are focused on two-thirds of this route. For discussion purposes, the 31-mile route has been divided into three sections and described below. Hilo to East '01a'a Corner (10.3 miles) As historical narratives have revealed, the OVT began in downtown Hilo. One narrative mentioned leaving Hilo on Volcano Street and along the Waiakea fish ponds, which corresponds to the present Kilauea Avenue that begins downtown and passes Wailoa State Park. The original trail most likely corresponds to the entire length of Kilauea Avenue, until it merges with Highway 11 about 4 miles later. The trail then more or less follows Highway 11 towards present Kea'au town. On the Hilo side of Kea'au town is the beginning of "Old Volcano Road" which passes through Kea'au town; this corresponds to the 1891 "Carriage Road." At the intersection with Kea'au Intermediate School (formerly '01a'a School) is where the OVT turned right towards Pahoa. From this intersection the trail continued towards the new Kea'au Elementary School campus then turned towards Kilauea. From Kea'au Elementary, the trail passed along the backside of Kea'au Agricultural Lots subdivision towards the '01a'a "East Corner" and present Orchidland Estates. This entire portion of the trail, from downtown Hilo to the `Ola'a corner, is not recoverable today since most sections would have been paved during construction of 1888 - 1894 Carriage Road. One portion of the trail, between Kea'au Elementary and east '01a'a Corner, is not paved; however, we have not located any survey descriptions for this part of the trail. East '01a'a Corner to 'Omau'u (13.3 miles) From '01a'a corner, the OVT runs 13.3 miles until it rejoins Highway 11 at 'Omau'u woods. This juncture at the woods has at times been called "Carmichael's Lot," Shipman's Pen," and "Reed's Paddock," depending upon the era that testimony was collected. Page 23 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview This portion, which corresponds to the survey conducted by C. L. Murray in 1930, has been reclaimed by the surrounding forests. This was the initial KPG focus because it was abandoned and therefore not paved with subsequent constructions of Highway 11. From November 2003 to October 2004, KPG and over 50 community volunteers conducted a pre-survey of this part of the trail. The work consisted of working with a surveyor from R. M. Towill Corporation to locate the "pins" that were surveyed by Arioli and Murray in 1930. Using the old survey records, volunteers cut a line-of-sight between pins with directions given by the surveyor. Approximately 9.6 miles have been completed. Progress was impeded in the Hawaiian Acres area of the trail, when the field crew encountered a large stone wall about 1/2-mile long that was constructed across the trail. It was built by the sugar cane company in 1938 as a diversionary wall to redirect the water flow away from fields up-slope of the trail, with the effect of flooding significant portions of the Hawaiian Acres subdivision (see illustration). 'Omau'u to Kilauea (642 miles) The original trail from the Highway 11 intersection to Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park (HVNP) was probably covered by the 1894 Carriage Road, and again by the 1921 paved road. Remnants of these roads correspond closely with the paved "Old Volcano Road" that today parallels Highway 11, then crosses over to Volcano Village. Like the Hilo to 'Ola'a portion of the original trail, this area approaching HVNP may not be recoverable. However, since this portion was surveyed in 1930 by Murray and Arioli, it may be a straight forward matter to locate the survey spikes and discern the original route. However, this section of the trail still has strong potential for inclusion in the overall restoration project because its right-of-way was preserved with the road construction projects since the 1890s. Terminus at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Map accounts from Eillis' expedition (1823) and native testimonies on the boundaries of Kea'au and 'Ola'a all indicate an intersection of the OVT and the Keauhou-Kalapana Trail near Kilauea volcano. Comparing these accounts with the maps published by HVNP, it is possible that the OVT leaves present-day Volcano Village ("Old Volcano Road"), crosses Highway 11, enters HVNP, and continues past the Keauhou-Kalapana intersection to the Volcano House. Page 24 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Nww E:151 Olaa Corner - kr", a ~Qrch(dlan states Divernuienrr 14n I~bu, 1938 Y HA\\'A IIAn .4 r'S . ~ Diem `Fcrnres hi P.Iroa Eden Roe Fern Forest' Figure 12 "Old Volcano Trail""'mauka line" pre-survey complete (two dashed line portions) as of October 2004, with location of diversionary wall at west corner of Hawaiian Acres subdivision. Page 25 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview STAKEHOLDERS OF THE OLD VOLCANO TRAIL There are three general groups of key stakeholders for the OVT restoration project; Neighbors, Public Agencies, and Trail Users. Each group brings unique perspectives that relate to the manner in which the trail is designed, developed and managed, with an overriding concern for the safe enjoyment of this natural resource. For some, safe design may mean leaving the trail "as is" by not allowing public access, while for others it may mean development of sections constructed with a smooth tread that accommodates novice bicyclists. Determination of how the trail will be developed shall be made through consultation with all three groups of stakeholders, to the best extent possible. The project's work with stakeholders thus far is described below. Trail Neighbors There are several characteristics of the Kea`au district that would contribute to, and benefit from, restoration of the OVT. For example, contributing to the attractiveness of trail restoration is the rural environment, the wealth of natural and historical features, and the strong community spirit of the area as evidenced by the 57 volunteers committing to the trail pre-survey work. Benefits from trail restoration include increased recreational opportunities, increased venues for exercise, and increased means for resident bicycle commuters to travel without using the State Highway. The 13.3 mile portion of the OVT bounds seven Census Designated Places (CDP) and traverses through two CDPs. These communities are located along the heavily-traveled 19-mile section of the two-lane State Highway 11 ("Volcano Highway"), rising 3,400 feet from Kea`au town (330 feet above sea level) to Volcano village (3,730' a.s.l.). This region is among the "wettest" in the U.S., averaging 120" of annual rainfall. Commercial operations are primarily in Kea`au town. Up-slope of Kea`au town, for the next 19 miles towards Volcano, are 3 post offices, 3 gas stations, 3 mini-markets, and 3 small County parks, serving eight communities. This 200 square-mile area is characterized by its dispersed, rural communities in undeveloped residential subdivisions. The Kea`au Census Designated Place (CDP; Census 2000) has a population density per square mile of 814 persons, and other communities in the district range from 469 persons (Hawaiian Paradise Park CDP) to 38 persons (Fern Forest CDP) per square mile. Page 26 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Community Characteristics Hawaii County has the most ethnically diverse population in the U.S. (Census 2000 PHC-T-14, Table 26), with 28% identified as two or more races. Kea`au district is even more diverse, with 31% of more than one race: 56% White in combination with another Race, 47% Asian with another, and 30% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander with another. The nine Census Designated Places (CDP) that border the OVT have a combined population of 13,391, in 4,828 households with average Median Income (MI) of $30,791 (vs. County's MI = $39,805; and State's MI = $49,820; Census 2000). 2000 Census Designated Places (CDP) Fern Eden Fem Hwn Sub- Keaau Kurtis MTV Vol For Roc Acre Acre Orchid total County Population 2,010 1,157 2,799 2,231 480 451 756 1,776 1,731 13,391 148,677 Households 608 405 959 896 222 186 267 698 587 4,828 52,985 H-hold, Size 3.29 2.862.92 2.25 2.16 2.42 2.83 2.54 2.95 2.69 2.75 H-hold, <18 47.0% 36.3% 43.1% 26.5% 24.8% 38.7% 46.8% 36.7% 43.8% 38.2% 37.5% H-hold, >64 36.3 33.3 22.6 22.0 15.8 5.9 11.2 12.2 16.0 19.5 26.7 H-hold, MI 39,722 46,012 26,860 35,977 24,519 15,658 31,250 30,039 27,083 30,791 39,805 M MTV = Mountain View; H-hold = Household; MI = Median Income • Health Indicators Recreational and exercise activities are limited, due to geography as well as the commute residents must make daily to school and work. The impact of these limited opportunities is reflected in the health survey conducted by KPG, as well as the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) which indicates that the "Puna/Ka`u" district (wherein Kea`au district is located) is the State's most at-risk area in "Any level of leisure time exercise or physical activity in the last 30 days" (28.8% at-risk, vs. 18.9% for the State). Page 27 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview • Mode of Transportation to Work In its statewide review of 2000 Census data about how workers 16 years and older travel to work, the Bike Plan Hawaii 2003 identified the Kea'au-Volcano Census Tract as having twice as many bicycle commuters as any other in Hawai'i County.' Census Tracts with 10 or More Bicycle Commuters Hawaii County No. Keaau-Volcano 62 Kaumalumau-Kealakekua 29 Hilo: Puueo-Downtown 20 Kahului-Kaumalumalu 20 Hilo: Villa Franca-Kaiko'o 12 Kailua 11 Hilo: Puainako 11 Hualalai 11 Papaikou-Wailea 10 Community Outreach Presentations to all six (6) Community Associations along the trail were completed in early 2004; their names and dates are listed below. Each 1-hour presentation included historical background to the trail, government records regarding preservation of the right-of-way, and overviews of scenarios for trail development (i.e., user group requirements). NAME DATE OF PRESENTATION Hawaiian Acres Community Association July 13, 1003 Fern Acres Community Association January 17, 2004 B Bike Plan Hawai `i: A State of Hawaii Master Plan, Prepared for Highways Division, Hawaii Department of Transportation, Prepared by Kimura International, Inc., September 2003, p. 3-19. Page 28 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview NAME DATE OF PRESENTATION Eden Roc Estates Association January 17, 2004 Community Development Hui of Fern Forest January 17, 2004 & February 14, 2004 Orchidland Community Association, Inc. January 28, 2004 Cooper Center Council February 25, 2004 A total of 52 residents attended the presentations, and a total of 21 "Community Survey & Feedback Forms" were completed and returned to us (sample Survey Form, page 49). Responses from all the survey forms are presented in the Appendices (page 50). Property Owner Notifications A total of 221 parcels were identified as adjacent to the sections of the trail that was being cleared for line-of-sight in the volunteer pre-survey (November 2003 to October 2004). Contact information was obtained through the County Real Property Office for these property owners, and postcards were mailed on October 25, 2003. The mailing notified owners of our survey activities on the OVT, our intentions of restoring the OVT to public use, and provided them with a contact person to call to express their support. A sample of the postcard mailing, along with parcel identifications, may be found in the Appendices (page 55). Less than 10 postcards were returned undeliverable. As the OVT restoration project continues through its survey and design phases, neighbors and associations along the trail's route should have additional opportunities to shape the trail's destiny. Public Agencies To date, all levels of government have had varying degrees of official involvement with the OVT restoration project. Presented below is a discussion of trails within the governmental history of Hawaii, followed by a discussion of the official involvement of public agencies. Page 29 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Trails as Public Resources The first authority ever exercised over public trails and rights-of-way was by Hawai`i's first monarch Kamehameha the Great (1795-1819), through his edict Ke Kanawai Mamalahoe (The Law of the Splintered Paddle): E na kanaka, E malama `oukou i ke akua, a e malama ho'i i ke kanaka nui a me ke kanaka iki. E hele ka `elemakule, ka luahine, a me ke kama, a moe i ke ala he mea mina a ho'opilikia. Hewa no, make! O my people, Honor thy god, respect alike the rights of men great and humble; See to it that our aged, our women, and our children may lie down to sleep by the roadside, without fear of harm. Disobey, and die! This first law of the Hawaiian Kingdom was derived from an incident in 1782 when Kamehameha was pursuing two men on a scouting expedition near Papa`i, Hawaii island. When the men looked back to see his foot wedged in a fissure, they returned and hit Kamehameha on the head so hard that their paddle splintered. The fissure is at Mawae, a point on the boundary of the Kea`au and Waiakea ahupua'a. Over 150 years later, the State of Hawai'i would incorporate Ke Kanawai Mamalahoe into its Constitution: Article IX, Section 10: The law of the :splintered paddle, mamalahoe kanawai, decreed by Kamehameha I - Let every elderly person, woman and child lie by the roadside in safety - shall be a unique and living symbol of the State's concern for safety. The State shall have the power to provide for the safety of the people from crimes against persons and property. State of Hawai'i One of the last acts of the overthrown Hawaiian Kingdom was passage of the Highways Act of 1892 to administering the public's rights-of-way. The 1892 Act would later be modeled by the State and codified in Hawaii Revised Statues (HRS), Chapter 264-1(b), "Public highways and trails": All trails, and other non-vehicular rights-of-way in the State declared to be public rights-of-ways by the highways act of 1892, or opened, laid out, or built by the government or otherwise created or vested as non-vehicular public rights-of-way at any time thereafter, or in the future, are declared to be public trails. A public Page 30 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview trail is under the jurisdiction of the state board of land and natural resources unless it was created by or dedicated to a particular county, in which case it shall be under the jurisdiction of that county. • Na Ala Hele Trails & Access Program The State of Hawai'i Legislature recognized the importance of an integrated, statewide trail and access system, and subsequently established Na Ala Hele Trails and Access Program. FIRS 1981), regulates the operations of Na Ala Hele, which is mandated to:9 (1) Plan, develop, acquire land or rights for public use of land, construct, and engage in coordination activities to implement the statewide trail and access system; (2) Establish, maintain, and amend, as necessary, an inventory of all trails and accesses. The inventory is to include maps of each trail and access, a description of the trail or access including the agency with management jurisdiction over it, and it availability to the general public. The department must also publish and update periodically the portion of the inventory which identifies trails and accesses that are open to the public; (3) Classify each trail and access according to its function, type, theme, actual, and desired use; (4) Identify proposed, potential, and needed trails and accesses. This compilation is to include a listing of all recreational areas to which public access is unavailable or inadequate. (5) Examine in consultation with the Attorney General, legal issues such as theories, options and doctrines by which trails and accesses may be placed into or retained in public use, and the extent of liability exposure; (6) Establish volunteer advisory councils from whom advice and assistance should be solicited; (7) Act as a centralized information agency, as an advisor and assistant to other agencies, as an advocate, and as a coordinator for matters relating to the statewide trail and access system; and, 9 Na Ala Hele Hawai'i Trail and Access System. Program Plan. Prepared by Division of Forestry and Wildlife, Department of Land and Natural Resources. May, 1991. Pp. III-1 Page 31 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview (8) Submit an annual report to the Governor. FIRS 198D-1 defines a "trail" as "an identifiable linear course primarily used for, or used to get, a recreational, educational, or inspirational experience. It includes, but is not limited to: (1) A corridor trail, which is a designated route, segregated from a highway, providing a continuous linkage between or among major urban areas, fragmented accesses, and major trail areas; (2) A segment or connector trail, which is a designated route from one locale to another; and (3) A special use trail, which is a designated course for a special activity or function." Using records collected from the State's Archives and Survey Division, the Trail Abstractor of Na Ala Hele was able to declare the OVT to be a "publicly owned feature"." In accordance with HRS 264-1(b), the OVT is a public right-of-way under the jurisdiction of the State's Board of Land and Natural Resources. At present, the OVT is not part of the Na Ala Hele trails inventory. However, the Na Ala Hele program staff have provided significant technical assistance to the restoration project, such as compiling the Trail Abstract and discussing development strategies used in other areas of Hawaii and the U.S. Federal Government The stakeholder interest of the Federal government pertains to the historical connection that the OVT has with HVNP, and the proposed restoration serving as a new recreational access to the resources of HVNP. Such development of the OVT may impact HVNP in terms of visitor volume and visitor access at a minimum, and possibly extend to resource inventory and management. OVT project development should be coordinated with the Supervisor and specialists working at HVNP in order to address HVNP concerns while ensuring OVT users have a positive experience. The Federal government, through the Federal High Ways Administration (FHWA) of the Department of Transportation, also has an interest in the OVT project. At the end of fiscal year 10 Ref. H03:07 Old Volcano Trail; Memo from Doris M. Rowland to Rodney Oshiro, May 12, 2003; Na Ala Hele Trails & Access Program, Division of Forestry & Wildlife, Hawaii Department Of Land & Natural Resources. Page 32 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview 2004 (September 2004), the FHWA through its Public Lands Highway Discretionary (PLHD) program allocated $100,000 to a metes and bound survey of the OVT. This survey will focus on the "mauka" line of the OVT boundary. The OVT project was proposed to PLHD as a bicycle and pedestrian facility that increases access to the public lands of HVNP. PLHD funding often continues until project completion, in which case funding may be allocated in later fiscal years for the subsequent OVT development phases of trail design and trail construction. County of Hawai `i On December 1, 2003, a presentation on the OVT restoration project was made to Mayor Harry Kim, executive staff and senior administrators from the following departments: Parks & Recreation, Public Works, Engineering, Solid Waste, Planning, and Research & Development. Primary concerns of the County included: prevention and mitigation of solid waste dumps, and prevention of wild fires. In April 2004, the Hawaii County Council passed a Resolution (No. 161-04) "Acknowledging and Recognizing the Second Saturday of October as Ld Ho `dla Ala Hele Day (Trail Revitalization Day)." Introduced by Councilman Bob Jacobson, the Resolution brings attention to the role that trails play in Hawaiian history and for contemporary enjoyment and recreation. The County Department of Public Works (DPW) is administering the Federal PLHD funds and procuring the services for a metes and bounds survey. As of November 2004, bids had been received from qualified firms and the selection process was initiated. The County of Hawaii has been involved and informed about the OVT restoration project, and their involvement should continue to be solicited as the project develops. User Groups by Transportation Mode Direct involvement of user groups has been limited. As the restoration project develops, input should be solicited from the individuals and advocates for the groups below. • Wheelchair Users • Bicyclists • Hikers • Equestrians Page 33 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview One group, however, has been active in the restoration project thus far - the Big Island Mountain Bike Association (BIMBA). BIMBA currently volunteers to maintain other trails on the island, and the organization favors the OVT as a unique opportunity for their members and other enthusiasts. The design and construction of the OVT will be determined primarily by the degree to which one or more of these user groups have access. The user group requiring the least amount of accommodation, in terms of tread construction and maintenance, will be the hiker group. Other user groups will require wider treads and corridors of maintenance. This issue is addressed more in the scenarios presented in the following section. SCENARIOS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE OLD VOLCANO TRAIL This section of the Management Overview addresses the OVT corridor and right-of-way, and relationship of development aspects to restoration efforts. Development aspects entail the inter-relationship of Jurisdiction, Trail Use, and Maintenance, as illustrated below. What is required or allowed with any one aspect will influence the other two. However, each of the three sides are unique enough to warrant their separate considerations. Some scenarios will be presented regarding the roles or prospects for each development aspect. Final determinations for the best scenario will result from consultations with the OVT's stakeholders, as described earlier. C ti`V A ~i ~J~ OYT Derelopnieni K .tilunu,,enieni MAINTENANCE Page 34 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview OLAA AHUPUAA ' Manka"line (Olga Homestead Lots) z s _ • • • Po•npo.cerl Trail Corridor , • - . . ~ o u ~ IIPt C 1111111'Il '9jrrvnn )I`I 1 Yllll r rggrrnqurumumunmm.. moon "Makai"line (Boundary traverse) KEAAUAHUPUAA Surceycd by Murray (1930) & KPG (3003-04) Figure 14 Proposed "Trail Corridor"within 30' right-of-way. Corridor Development Parameters One factor shaping the development of the OVT pertains to the trail's alignment and the public right-of-way that may be relied upon. As indicated in 1930 by Territorial Surveyor, Robert D. King, the public right-of-way was to be maintained on the `Ola`a side (i.e., north). Based upon King's statement, a proposed alignment of the contemporary OVT is illustrated above. The "makai" traverse line represents the boundary that was surveyed in 1930 by Arioli (for W.H. Shipman), and confirmed by Murray (for the Territorial government). The traverse comes from taking measurements between points placed at major turns in the original trail. Since the original trail was actually a "meandering line," some portions of the trail were on either side of the traverse, essentially cris-crossing the traverse. Ruling on the boundary between Kea`au and 'Ola`a in 1930, King stated: It is suggested that the traverse be adopted as the boundary between Olaa and Keaau. This is satisfactory to the Survey Dept. On the understanding that there is sufficient land to the north to meet the needs of the ancient right-of-way, etc., that no homestead lot will obstruct the right-of-way. Page 35 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Deeds issued since the Republic's 1895 "Land Act" for the `Ola`a Homestead Lots describe boundaries that parallel the OVT, where a 30-foot width is reserved for the right-of- way. The "mauka" line of the right-of-way comprises the separate title boundaries of the `Ola`a parcels along the right-of-way. Unlike the "makai" traverse line, the "mauka" line has not been surveyed as a contiguous line, although the `Ola`a lot boundaries do share corners along this "mauka" line. Because King used the traverse as the boundary, all portions of the trail that meandered onto the Kea`au side of the traverse were relinquished to W. H. Shipman, Ltd., the property owner of Kea`au. The proposed "trail corridor" represents where the contemporary trail could be placed, and allows for a buffer zone between the corridor and the Kea`au and `Ola`a landowners. Jurisdiction Scenarios Issues of jurisdiction pertain to responsibilities of ownership, including the assumption risk and liability for trail users, trail maintenance crews, or other parties on the trail. In order to limit risk and liability, the jurisdictional entity will develop, apply and enforce policies and guidelines for the trail. Furthermore, periodic assessments of the trail may require revisions to policies, guidelines, or enforcement procedures, and possibly extend to the closing of the trail, in order to limit risk and ensure safety. According to the State's Na Ala Hele program, "The best liability defense is a properly constructed, well-maintained and monitored, sufficiently marked trail with adequate warnings of potential dangers" (Nd Ala Hele Program Plan, p. VI-11). Presently, the OVT is under the State's jurisdiction, and administered by DLNR, as evidenced by the granting of a Right-of-Entry permit for KPG to conduct the line-of-sight survey of the "makai" line. The permit allowed only for the line-of-sight survey. Although the OVT is not officially restricted to the public, it also is not officially identified as a resource open and available for the public's enjoyment. Before confirmation or conveyance of jurisdictional responsibilities for this public resource can be determined, issues of Maintenance and Trail Use must be defined and addressed through a more comprehensive management plan. Jurisdiction Scenario A: State Ownership If OVT ownership remains with the State, there are different governmental agencies that may assume jurisdiction. If the Land Division of DLNR is unable to assume responsibility for Page 36 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview the OVT, a second option is Na Ala Hele Trails & Access Program; Na Ala Hele is part of DLNR, and within the Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW). Since the OVT project was first raised with Na Ala Hele in March 2003, concerns have been expressed by staff that their agency does not have adequate personnel or support resources to include the OVT into its public access program. However, staff has committed to other types of support, including the Trail Abstract research, published resource materials to aid in OVT development, and general guidance on trail design and development practices. Jurisdiction Scenario B: Federal Ownership In a July 20, 2004 letter to Superintendent Bryan Harry of the National Parks Service (NPS) Pacific Islands Support Office in Honolulu, Congressman Ed Case (Hawai`i, Second District) requested that "the National Park Service conduct a reconnaissance survey regarding the feasibility of including the Old Volcano Trail as a unit of the National Park Service." Case wrote that he sees "two appealing options" available to the NPS:" One would be to incorporate the trail as part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. It is my understanding that properties that touch on the border of the park can be incorporated into the park without further authorization. I believe that including this historic trail, which has such an intimate link to Kilauea, would be most appropriate. Another option would be to designate it as a new national historic trail or as part of the existing Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail ...Making Old Volcano Trail a part of the park or assigning a historic designation to the trail would enhance our efforts to sustain the history, culture, and beauty of our Hawaii and our country, as well as provide a fascinating recreational option in East Hawaii for residents and visitors alike. There are no results from the NPS reconnaissance survey to date, so no determination can be made for the likelihood of Federal ownership of the OVT. Nonetheless, concerns would probably parallel those of the State agencies, i.e., to what degree will resources be available to monitor and maintain a safe and enjoyable trail. "Case seeking to make Old Volcano Trail part of National Parks system," Congressman Ed Case News Release Number: 2004-55, July 21, 2004. Page 37 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Jurisdiction Scenario C: County Ownership The final scenario may be the least likely to reach fruition, largely because at present the County of Hawaii does not have an administrative mechanism to manage trails; there are no County-owned trails. The most appropriate County agency would likely be the Department of Parks and Recreation. There is at present no official involvement of the County in the trail development, with the exception of the administration of the PLHD funding. Maintenance Scenarios Trail Maintenance is responsive to Trail Use and Jurisdictional policies. To date there is no jurisdictional agency that makes decisions to allow or restrict access to any particular user group on the developed OVT. Therefore, the discussion below will identify guidelines for maintenance based upon the type of user groups on the trail. Scenarios will be presented for maintenance responsibilities, which should be considered in light of the previous scenarios for jurisdiction. The case could be made that the OVT best fits as a "Rural Trail" within the trail classification scheme used by Na Ala Hele because the trail borders highly dispersed residential areas where the impact of development is minimal to nonexistent." The following chart modifies a Na Ala Hele rubric by isolating the "rural" guidelines from the rest of the trail classification system. Na Ala Hele's Program Plan (Na Ala Hele, IV-4) cites the challenge in maintaining a balance between protection of the: • physical setting (biophysical and cultural-historical resources); • social characteristics of public use (the mixture of users, their equipment, and behavior); and, • managerial requirements and options (facilities, personnel, rules and regulations). Restoration of the OVT should reflect consideration of these physical, social and managerial aspects. Development of the trail move chronologically along a continuum of 12 Na Ala Hele, IV-5. "Trail Types" defined by Na Ala Hele include: Urban, Rural, Wildland, and Sensitive. Page 38 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview complexity (see illustration below), as resources become available, as user interest grows, or as community wishes become expressed. Although pedestrian access is the least complex of the development and maintenance scenarios, expanding access to equestrians and/or bicyclists (especially off-road bicycles) entails relatively minor increases in resources, compared to the paved tread required for wheelchair access. "Rural" Trail Classification Guidelines - Na Ala Hele Trails & Access Program User Tread Tread Clearing Width (Trail way & Corridor) Maintenance Group Width Material Trees/Logs Brush/Logs Clearing height Comments Trails should be Natural/ 2 Ft. cleared four times a ©i 2 - 4 Ft. Woodchip Tread only each side of 7 - 8 Ft. year in wet climates tread where vegetation grows rapidly. 1 Ft. 3 Ft. © 2 - 4 Ft. Natural each side of each side of 9 - 10 Ft. Trails should be tread tread cleared at a frequency that maintains safe 2 Ft. 2 Ft. conditions. Packed Maintenance 3 - 4 Ft. each side of each side of 9 - 10 F[. Dirt tread tread frequency is affected by climate, intensity and types Asphalt or I Ft. 2 Ft. of public use as well ® 4 - 6 Ft. Packed each side of each side of 7 - 8 Ft. as the availability of Dirt tread tread a labor force to do the work. DLNR - Na Ala Hele Trails & Access Program Plan, May 1991. Page V-I1 (modified, in order of tread width) Development Maintenance Compleviq• T ® M Q jp- Natural tread & Paved tread & minimal width maximum width Page 39 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Maintenance Scenario A: Public Agency The level of government (State, 1 y Federal or County) maintenance v/ responsibility depends upon which agency assumes jurisdiction. Trail design and maintenance standards and procedures have a v~ been developed by the U.S. Forest Service corridor t~ c (Department of Agriculture), and may be followed should a Federal agency assume jurisdiction. If jurisdiction rests with the State, then, Na Ala Hele's maintenance r" guidelines may be followed. The County rtrailway, has no trail maintenance procedures, Y 1+; tr-a~ although the Federal and State guidelines could be adopted by the County. Regular maintenance and assessment activities are Figure 16 Spatial definitions for Maintenance key elements to reducing liability exposure on the part of the jurisdictional agency, and a sound maintenance plan should identify resource levels necessary to ensure a safe trail access and corridor. Maintenance Scenario B: Private Organization It is common to find private organizations that incorporate for the sole purpose of supporting a public resource such as a trail. These most often are the "Friends of-type of organizations, where enthusiasts are willing to volunteer to maintain a trail. In this scenario, a private organization, either newly formed or already existing, would organize volunteers for regularly scheduled trail maintenance work-days. An alternative is to organize a number of stakeholder organizations to assume maintenance duties for different sections of the trail. Some possibilities include the community associations adjacent to the OVT, user group associations (BIMBA, Horse Owners, Sierra Club, etc.), or other civic or educational groups seeking community service projects. Page 40 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview There is an extensive collection of handbooks, guides and schematics to assist the private organization in managing volunteers for effective trail repair and maintenance projects. Many are available on the Internet at Web-sites maintained by trail and hiking clubs. Maintenance Scenario C: Public-Private Partnership This scenario may be the most feasible because it expands the available resources. The role of the public agency may include: guidance on maintenance techniques, provision of maintenance supplies or machinery, and availability for large jobs (such as removing a fallen tree). The role of the private partner(s) would be the provision of manual labor according to a regular schedule. Furthermore, the public agency would be responsible for periodic assessments of trail condition, to determine if trail maintenance activities are sufficient for a safe and reliable trail experience. Trail Use Scenarios Scenario A: Hiking Trail The scenario requiring least effort for trail construction and maintenance focuses on one user group: the experienced hiker. The development process would entail clearing of trees and brush to allow for a 2'-4' width of natural tread for hikers. The trail would be aligned around major and minor obstacles in the terrain, such as holes, trees, or any out-cropping or rocks. Users may enjoy the trail in a short-walk, a day-long hike, or possibly overnight (either camping or staying at one of the "bed-and-breakfasts" on the route). Users may also do a one- way or round-trip hike, depending upon their transportation arrangements. Hikers may also be accommodated by the growing number of eco-tourism outfitters. 13 Scenario B: Pedestrians, Equestrians, Bicyclists Development of the trail to include bicycles and pedestrians will entail a greater width and height to be cleared and maintained. In this scenario, it may be more efficient to build up 13 The State's Na Ala Hele Trails & Access Program has a system in place to collect fees from commercial guides that operate tours on State trails, usually based on the size of the group; such a system could be modeled for the OVT. Page 41 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview portions of the trail instead of aligning around some obstacles. For example, it may be advantageous to fill- SHARE THE TRAIT. in holes with cinder, remove larger trees, or construct bridges in order to obtain a straighter or smoother tread. Trails with all three user groups are fairly common, and signs provide guidance on trail etiquette: 'qF bicyclists yield to all users, and all users yield to horses. Trail assessment includes monitoring of user RESPECT: interaction through incident reports or observation, and M440 4m. « trail management policies could be adjusted to improve alp.". \w K Mab 19VI PI I,% II.L the enjoyment of user groups on the trail. For example, increases in incidents may require additional signs, additional turn-outs (short side loops) for users to pass Figure each other, or restrictions on user access. 17 "Who Yields to Who", Interna- group tional Mountain Biking Association. Scenario C: Shared-use Path The "shared-use path" is a category of bicycle facility that can accommodate all user groups including wheelchairs. Its design specifications account for a smooth or paved tread with a 10' width, with a maintained shoulder area of 3' to 6' on either side of the tread. This scenario would allow for multiple levels of skill among users, and therefore greater numbers of users. This scenario obviously requires the greatest amount of resources for construction. However, the trail will require minimal maintenance, and the trailway and corridor will be easier to access and maintain. Scenario D: Mixed Development Finally, it is possible for the trail to have distinct segments, such that certain sections having high quality experiences (i.e., scenic views, endemic forests, historical features) may be developed for the accommodation of wheelchairs or other groups. There could be other portions of the trail classified as a "shared-use" path, and other less developed portions accommodating hikers only. Page 42 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Trail Facilities Facilities and structures should be an integral part of OVT development, and be compatible with the natural and recreational features of the trail. Below are some examples of facilities that should have a role in OVT restoration efforts. Trail Structures The Na Ala Hele Program Plan identifies the following structures (page V-14). • Boardwalks are used in marshy, boggy areas for both ease of access and for resource protection, and can also be used to help disabled users cross difficult areas. Design particulars and construction methods vary widely, depending upon the type of environment, expected level of use, and funding. • Bridges should generally be as wide as the widest trail leading to them. They can range from structures built to accommodate horses to logs across streams. • Posts, gates, and stiles limit vehicular or animal access while allowing easy pedestrian access for tail users. • Ramps are generally for persons with disabilities and should be designed in accordance with the "Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards." • Stairways are expensive and often difficult to construct, and should be used only when there is a high demand for access and no other viable alternative. • Waterbars are erosion control features used to divert water from trails and accesses. Waterbars present obstacles to disabled users and should not be used on trails which are fully accessible to the disabled. • Benches are placed at scenic viewpoints along rural and wild land trails, and should be provided on all trails accessible to the disabled. • Camping Sites are usually in rural or wild land settings and may consist of facilities such as a shelter, picnic table, trash receptacle, and a toilet. • Parking. "Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards" should be followed for parking where trails are accessible to persons with disabilities. Drainage from parking areas should be routed away from bluffs or other erodible features, and away from streams or other water sources. Page 43 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview • Picnic tables and shelters should be suitable for use along trails and accesses of all types. • Trash receptacles should be provided near all parking, camping, and picnic areas, and at the trail heads of urban and rural trails and accesses. • Toilet Facilities. The need for toilet facilities at or along trails and accesses varies and should be determined on a case-by-case basis. California guidelines suggest that restrooms are not required if there are fewer than fifty people per mile of shoreline, and call for separate units for men and women for every 50 people expected. Whenever possible, trail heads should be located near existing parks where toilet facilities are available. In areas lacking water, waterless compost toilets can be installed. Trail Access Areas There are numerous possibilities for the public to access the OVT at several "lateral" access roads that cross-over the trail. These roads include, but are not limited to, `Ola`a Road, Kuauli Road, South Kulani Road, South Kopua Road, South Glenwood Road, Old Volcano Road at Highway I 1 (mile marker 22), and Old Volcano Road at Volcano Village. There is minimal parking on road shoulders at the trail-road junctures, and property will need to be acquired or donated in order to accommodate car parking. When parking areas are installed, space should be made for disabled persons, in accordance with the "Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards." Sign Types • Traiihead Kiosks Trailhead kiosks are larger signs positioned at the beginning of the trail or trail system. Well-designed kiosks include a complete map and description of all the nearby trails. The main trailhead kiosk is the ideal place to describe trail length and relative difficulty. Visitors armed with this information can make smart decisions about which trails to travel. Trailheads are also excellent places to promote trail etiquette, explain local rules, list emergency contact information, and recruit volunteers for future trailbuilding efforts. • Directional Signs Directional signs provide navigational information - everything from a simple blaze or trail name to the length of a route - and should be repeatedly posted Page 44 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview along the trail. These signs can be small, so long as they are obvious and clearly mark the way. Be careful not to overuse them, especially if the route is easy to follow. More frequent placement may be needed for trails that are hard to follow. • Warning Signs Warning signs are used to caution trail users of upcoming hazards and should be placed close to the trail so they're easy to see. Be sure to position them well in advance of the hazard so that visitors have enough time to read the sign and react. It is particularly important to sign before very challenging technical trail features, like big drop-offs, narrow bridges, or other elements of increased risk. • Difficulty-Level Signs These should be posted at the main trailhead and at every access point. Signs should be large enough to clearly display the trail's difficulty level as well as its length. Signage should be particularly clear at the intersections of trails with differing difficulty levels. • Regulatory Signs Regulatory signs delineate rules, such as the direction of travel, or designate user groups. When creating regulatory signs, keep the tone constructive and upbeat. Visitors are more apt to obey rules that are presented in a positive way. • Educational Signs Educational signs interpret natural or cultural points of interest along the trail and should be placed farther from the trail tread - roughly 4 feet away. Trail users will stop to read these signs, and you don't want them to block the trail for extended periods. Post the signs in clear areas that are easily accessed (you don't want vegetation to be trampled while people read the sign). Educational signs are most useful when they are in close proximity to the elements they describe. • Way-Marked Routes In a way-marked route system, certain trails are identified by unique "blazes" (i.e., colors, symbols or other markings) that enable users to follow a designated route on interconnecting trails. Marking routes in this manner is a convenient and effective way of giving visitors a self-guided experience without the need for frequent map checks. Way-marked routes usually link trails of similar difficulty. Page 45 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview FUTURE PROJECT DEVELOPMENTS The general tasks listed below represent the phases to complete in order to open the OVT to public access. The first two tasks will be the same for whatever scenario of OVT development is implemented. The remaining tasks will vary in complexity and resource requirements, depending upon the extent of tread installation (i.e., natural tread vs. asphalt tread). Since the OVT project is not a priority with any of the jurisdictional entities, most of the work described below will be initiated and monitored by a volunteer interest group, such as the Kea`au Planning Group. Define Right-of-way Boundaries As illustrated earlier, the contemporary OVT shall follow a corridor within a 30'-wide right-of-way. Of the two parallel lines that comprise the right-of-way boundary, over two-thirds (approximately 9.6 miles) of the "makai" line was been identified. The "mauka" boundary of the right-of-way will be surveyed in early 2005. Once the two lines of the right-of-way boundary are identified and marked, the OVT corridor will be determined. • Time frame: October 2003 to June 2005 Define Trail Corridor Alignment The width and height of the OVT corridor ultimately shall be determined by the trail user groups being accommodated on the trail. The corridor width will be 2' to 4' for pedestrians, equestrians and bicyclists, and up to 6' for wheelchair users. The OVT corridor will meander within the 30'-wide right-of-way, and account for significant buffers on either side, to maintain the distance between the trail and neighboring landowners. Defining the corridor alignment will begin with on-the-ground reconnaissance to determine the best placement of the trail tread. Survey tape may be used to mark location of the corridor, which will be aligned around holes, fissures, rock outcropping or impenetrable forest. This reconnaissance may be completed before final determination is made on the trail user groups able to access on the OVT. • Time frame: June 2005 to September 2005 Page 46 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Define Trail Development & Management Trail development & management will take into consideration the multiple scenarios presented earlier for Jurisdiction, Maintenance and Trail Use. It may be easier to initiate the Development and Management process with a focus on the pedestrian, equestrian and bicyclist scenario for trail use, then develop maintenance requirements and guidelines that ensure a safe trail. These requirements and guidelines may then be used by the jurisdictional agency to determine the level of resources or liability that they will be assuming. Although the aspects of Jurisdiction, Maintenance and Trail Use are discussed separately, the reality is that discussions and decisions on the three will occur simultaneously. • Time frame: September 2005 to January 2006 Design Trail OVT Design will incorporate the Development and Management decisions into schematics and specifications for OVT trail construction. A number of key areas that trail design will address includes corridor lay-out, corridor dimensions, tread installation, access points, and facilities. • Time frame: January 2006 to June 2007 Construct Trail Resource requirements for OVT construction will vary depending upon the type of tread being installed. Construction tasks will include clearing, grading or filling, installing of tread, building turns, tum-outs and/or bridges, installation of facilities, and installation of access areas. Numerous U.S. engineering and contracting firms specialize in the research, design and construction of remote or back country trails, and they may be contacted through the Professional Trailbuilders Association (PTBA). Furthermore, specialized trailbuilding technologies and machinery have been developed to reduce the impact of construction upon the surrounding environment. • Time frame: June 2007 to December 2007 Page 47 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview APPENDICES 1. Survey & Feedback Form 2. Community Survey Responses 2. Property Owner Notification Sample Mailing 3. List of Parcels Receiving Notification Mailing Page 48 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview • • • TRAIL RESTORATION • Name: Area of Residence: Date: 1. What "mode of transport" should be allowed on the Old Volcano Trail? (Circle for each) Pedestrian YES NO Horse YES NO Other YES NO Bicycle YES NO 4WD YES NO Other YES NO 2. What activities should be allowed on the Trail (events, guided tours, camping, etc.)? 3. What activities should NOT be allowed on the Trail? 4. What issues are most important to address before the Trail is opened to the public? 5. What type of community involvement should there be to open, manage &/or maintain the Trail? 6. How should we protect the Natural, Historical & Cultural Resources along the Trail? 7. What are some "Pros" and "Cons" to opening and managing the Trail? Pros Cons Do you have any other thoughts or input at this initial planning phase, to guide our future project plans? Completed forms may be mailed to: YWCA of Hawaii Island, ATTN: Cynthia Albers, 145 Ululani St, Hilo, HI 96720 Page 49 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Community Survey Responses (N=21) What "mode of transport" should be allowed on the Old Volcano Trail? Pedestrian: Yes = 21; No = 0 Horse: Yes = 16; No = 3 Bicycle: Yes = 17; No = 2 4WD: Yes = 0; No = 16 Other: No = ATV, motorbike, 3 wheelers What activities should be allowed on the Trail? - Guided tours, Rest stops, Overnight stops - Biking, Hiking - tours, races - All of these - Hiking, guided tours (but no commercial tours) - Camping, guided tours, running like marathoning - Interpretation, access ways - Anything on foot or human-propelled or animal - Everything non-motorized. But bathrooms & fire areas will needed if camping is allowed - Tours ok, Bikes, School groups - Hiking, light camping, tours, foot, horse, bike - Hiking, riding, individual & groups - Guided tours, events - Guided tours, nature walks, camping & picnicking - Only if they have proper disposal equipment - Hiking, Bicycling - Hiking - Education, guided tours - Short-time overnight one-time camping only special section maybe - Hiking only What activities should NOT be allowed on the Trail? - Hunting, camping - Hunting, selling drugs - Motorized vehicles - 4WD, Horses Page 50 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview - Commercial tours - Any motorized vehicles, except wheelchairs - Motorized anything - Motorized vehicles - No motor vehicles - No longterm camping - single overnight with permit only - No camping unless sanitary facilities & trash cleanup provided - 4WD, Auto, Trucks - Any motorized vehicles - No dirt bikes - Trucks, cars - No 4x4 drives, no cars - No longtime camping & homeless What issues are most important to address before the Trail is opened to the public? - Safety - Safety, Noxious weed spreading - I would need more time to think on this. Safety - who would be using the trail? - Completed - Safety for people traversing trail - Commercial use limits, dirt bikes - Weed control - Parking & access, Bathrooms, Rules of Use & Behaviors - Sanitation Facilities Avail? Litter & Trash - Junk - cars, trash - Squatting, Hunting, Trash, Water, "comfort station" (like King's Landing) - Who will police trail? Who will provide litter cleanup? Will user sanitary facilities be provided? Where will points of access to trail be located? Will parking areas be provided? - Safety, Security - Rubbish, dumping access, cleanup provisions, community involvement, volunteer-ism, student service projects for maintenance - Where do they park? Horses need bags to keep trail clean - What it can be used for - Who will police it Page 51 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Maintenance, Funding, No large bike tours, motor bikes, ATV, 4x4, car, van tours Take their rubbish with them, not to leave on trail Emergency access in case of injury/sickness What type of community involvement should there be to open, manage &/or maintain the Trail? - Periodic trail maintenance - Good question! I'm not sure. - We think it would be a group association - Set-up a nonprofit corporation - Community group, individual & business sponsorship, (i.e., B & B, Akatsuka's) - Community volunteer days - Organized trail club to be responsible for maintaining - Each development should share in maintenance, management, of their respective areas - Weed abatement, non-native plants, rubbish - Volunteer work - Representatives from each community need to be kept informed - Half-half, who is going to cleanup horse manure, trash cans pick up - Maintenance in their area How should we protect the Natural, Historical & Cultural Resources along the Trail? - Provide trash collection points, Periodic trash pick-up and disposal - Of course - Keep it small - To make pavement, bury in cinders - Carefully - bypass where possible - Depends on what they are, different resource needed to be treated differently - Enforced fines, education - Keep as close to original plan - Signage? Documentation of any historical/cultural sites and protection from damage, interpretive signage - Signs - No cars or 4x4s, motor bikes - Short of an armed guard, lots of luck Page 52 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview What are some "Pros" and "Cons" to opening and managing the Trail? • Pros - Recreation, Hiking - Alternate access, more recreation, support Puna's visitor business - New areas for exploring - Historical, Good hike/walk - Eco-tourists, recreational - Access - More activities of recreation helps ecotourism - Showing our children (future) how things were historically as well as visitors - Access to local trails for hiking "quiet" enjoyment, recreational needs for Puna district, walk dogs on leash - Respect the purposes of the trail - Would be a great hiking trail • Cons - Trash, safety - Weeds spreading into Olaa forest, illegal activities may make it unsafe - Could become useless for hikers if bicycles, 4WD, etc. allowed - Need to continue maintenance - Long-term cost - Abuse of intended use - None - Never let motorized vehicles in! Degradation, erosion of environment, noise, danger, vehicle dumping - Too many people - What about those who want stores, shops, etc. - Vandalism to historical sites Do you have any other thoughts or input at this initial planning phase, to guide our future project plans? Wheelchair / stroller accessible, water, composting toilets, trash removal, signs in English, Hawaiian, Japanese Page 53 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Motorized vehicles are not compatible in any way with pedestrian walking, dog walking, horseback riding and bicycle riding. Provide parking areas with rubbish cans at a few accessible points along the trail for vehicles and trailers. Open for whatever is decided by the majority Emergency, car help, toilets Page 54 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Property Owner Notification Sample Mailing Dear Property Owner, October 2003 The community-based Keaau Planning Group, in conjunction with the YWCA Hawaii Island, will be conducting an on the ground "metes and bounds" survey of the "Old Volcano Trail" that forms the boundary between the land divisions of 'Ola'a and Kea'au. Our research shows that your property is adjacent to this trail. The "Old Volcano Trail" is the ancient and historical route between Hilo and Kilauea. We will be surveying only the portion from about Kea'au Agricultural Lots up to the trail's juncture with Highway 11 (about 2 miles above Glenwood). This portion of the trail is a public right-of-way owned by the State of Hawai'i and administered by the Department of Land & Natural Resources. Our survey of the trail will comprise location and replacement of "spikes" along a traverse about 14 miles long, as recorded on Land Court maps from 1930 showing the trail. The public right-of-way is 30' wide, and on the 'Ola'a side of this traverse. The survey is the initial step in determining the feasibility of restoring portions of this trail to public use, for exercise, recreation or other non-motorized activities. This initiative grew from a district-wide health needs survey conducted by the Kea'au Planning Group in 2002. Survey crews and volunteers will be at different parts of the trail from October 2003 to April 2004. Please direct any questions to Mr. Jay Scharf, Office of County Councilman Bob Jacobson, at 961-8263 or email at scharfjscharf@yahoo.com. Page 55 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview List of Parcels Receiving Notification Mailing Zone Sec Plat Parcel Parcel Number 1 8 86 2 18086002 1 8 86 1 18086001 1 8 09 64 18009064 1 8 09 62 18009062 1 8 09 41 18009041 1 8 09 24 18009024 1 8 09 22 18009022 1 8 09 20 18009020 1 8 09 19 18009019 1 8 09 18 18009018 1 8 09 13 18009013 1 8 09 6 18009006 1 8 09 5 18009005 1 8 09 1 18009001 1 8 08 43 18008043 1 8 08 38 18008038 1 8 08 32 18008032 1 8 08 8 18008008 1 8 08 7 18008007 1 8 08 6 18008006 1 8 08 5 18008005 1 8 08 4 18008004 1 8 04 108 18004108 t 8 04 100 18004100 1 8 04 95 18004095 1 8 04 93 18004093 1 8 04 92 18004092 1 8 04 9 18004009 1 8 04 8 18004008 1 8 04 6 18004006 1 7 11 24 17011024 1 7 11 2 17010002 1 7 10 1 17010001 1 7 09 24 17009024 1 7 09 2 17009002 1 7 09 1 17009001 1 7 08 19 17008019 1 7 08 14 17008014 1 7 08 13 17008013 1 7 08 12 17008012 1 7 08 10 17008010 Page 56 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Zone Sec Plat Parcel Parcel Number 1 7 08 6 17008006 1 7 08 5 17008005 1 7 08 3 17008003 1 7 08 1 17008001 1 7 07 4 17007004 1 7 07 3 17007003 1 7 07 2 17007002 1 7 07 1 17007001 1 7 02 38 17002038 1 7 02 6 17002006 1 7 02 5 17002005 1 7 02 4 17002004 1 7 02 2 17002002 1 7 02 1 17002001 1 7 01 62 17001062 1 7 01 58 17001058 1 7 01 2 17001002 1 7 01 1 17001001 1 6 62 232 16062232 1 6 62 231 16062231 1 6 62 230 16062230 1 6 62 229 16062229 1 6 62 228 16062228 1 6 62 227 16062227 1 6 62 226 16062226 1 6 62 225 16062225 1 6 62 224 16062224 1 6 62 223 16062223 1 6 62 163 16062163 1 6 62 162 16062162 1 6 62 161 16062161 1 6 62 156 16062156 1 6 56 79 16056079 1 6 56 78 16056078 1 6 56 77 16056077 1 6 56 76 16056076 1 6 56 32 16056032 1 6 56 28 16056028 1 6 56 27 16056027 1 6 56 26 16056026 1 6 56 25 16056025 1 6 55 57 16055057 1 6 55 56 16055056 Page 57 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Zone Sec Plat Parcel Parcel Number 1 6 55 21 16055021 1 6 55 20 16055020 1 6 54 43 16054043 1 6 54 42 16054042 1 6 54 41 16054041 1 6 54 40 16054040 1 6 54 16 16054016 1 6 54 15 16054015 1 6 33 43 16033043 1 6 33 40 16033040 1 6 33 27 16033027 1 6 33 26 16033026 1 6 33 11 16033011 1 6 33 10 16033010 1 6 13 80 16013080 1 6 13 58 16013058 1 6 13 57 16013057 1 6 13 56 16013056 1 6 13 55 16013055 1 6 13 23 16013023 1 6 13 22 16013022 1 6 13 21 16013021 1 6 13 20 16013020 1 6 13 19 16013019 1 6 13 18 16013018 1 1 100 42 11100042 1 1 100 41 11100041 1 1 100 8 11100008 1 1 100 7 11100007 1 1 99 37 11099037 1 1 99 36 11099036 1 1 99 26 11099026 1 1 99 25 11099025 1 1 99 24 11099024 1 1 99 23 11099023 1 1 99 10 11099010 1 1 99 9 11099009 1 1 98 37 11098037 1 1 98 31 11098031 1 1 98 30 11098030 1 1 98 27 11098027 1 1 98 26 11098026 1 1 98 19 11098019 Page 58 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Zone Sec Plat Parcel Parcel Number 1 1 98 18 11098018 1 1 98 17 11098017 1 1 98 16 11098016 1 1 98 15 11098015 1 1 98 13 11098013 1 1 98 10 11098010 1 1 98 9 11098009 1 1 98 6 11098006 1 1 98 5 11098005 1 1 98 4 11098004 1 1 39 277 11039277 1 1 39 205 11039276 1 1 39 206 11039275 1 1 39 207 11039274 1 1 39 274 11039207 1 1 39 275 11039206 1 1 39 276 11039205 1 1 39 204 11039204 1 1 39 122 11039122 1 1 39 121 11039121 1 1 38 190 11038190 1 1 38 189 11038189 1 1 38 188 11038188 1 1 38 187 11038187 1 1 38 148 11038148 1 1 38 147 11038147 1 1 38 146 11038146 1 1 38 145 11038145 1 1 38 144 11038144 1 1 34 1 11034001 1 1 30 158 11030158 1 1 30 125 11030125 1 1 30 124 11030124 1 1 30 123 11030123 1 1 30 72 11030072 1 1 30 71 11030071 1 1 30 70 11030070 1 1 30 69 11030069 1 1 30 1 11030001 1 1 29 195 11029195 1 1 29 194 11029194 1 1 29 185 11029185 1 1 29 184 11029184 Page 59 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Zone Sec Plat Parcel Parcel Number 1 1 29 183 11029183 1 1 29 182 11029182 1 1 29 181 11029181 1 1 29 180 11029180 1 1 29 179 11029179 1 1 29 178 11029178 1 1 29 177 11029177 1 1 29 176 11029176 1 1 29 175 11029175 1 1 29 174 11029174 1 1 29 173 11029173 1 1 24 152 11024152 1 1 24 151 11024151 1 1 24 150 11024150 1 1 24 149 11024149 1 1 24 148 11024148 1 1 24 147 11024147 1 1 24 146 11024146 1 1 24 145 11024145 1 1 24 144 11024144 1 1 24 143 11024143 1 1 24 142 11024142 1 1 24 141 11024141 1 1 24 140 11024140 1 1 24 139 11024139 1 1 24 138 11024138 1 1 24 137 11024137 1 1 24 130 11024130 1 1 24 129 11024129 1 1 24 106 11024106 1 1 24 105 11024105 1 1 23 173 11023173 1 1 23 172 11023172 1 1 23 171 11023171 1 1 23 170 11023170 1 1 23 169 11023169 1 1 23 168 11023168 1 1 23 167 11023167 1 1 23 166 11023166 1 1 23 165 11023165 1 1 23 164 11023164 1 1 23 163 11023163 1 1 23 162 11023162 Page 60 of 61 "Old Volcano Trail" Management Overview Zone Sec Plat Parcel Parcel Number 1 1 23 161 11023161 1 1 23 160 11023160 1 1 23 159 11023159 1 1 23 158 11023158 1 1 23 157 11023157 1 1 23 156 11023156 1 1 20 85 11020085 1 1 04 13 11004013 Page 61 of 61