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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0046.000 2006-2008- N innovation through engineering b scientific excellence December 19, 2006 3 Councilmember Pete Hoffmann F , 25 Aupuni Street, Rm. 209 Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Participant: Attached for your review is a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) which was prepared pursuant to the EIS law (Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 343) and the EIS rules (Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 200). TITLE OF PROJECT Kona Kai Ola LOCATION Hawaii Island JUDICIAL DISTRICT North Kona TAX MAP KEYS 7-4-008:071-072 7-4-008:003 (portion) 7-4-008:099 (proposed parkway through project site) AGENCY ACTION Accepting Authority — Department of Hawaiian Home Lands Your comments must be received or postmarked by: February 6, 2007 Please send original comments to the: EIS Preparer: Oceanit Oceanit Center 828 Fort Street Mall, 6v' Floor Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Contact: Dayan Vithanage Phone: 808.531.3017 Copies of the comments should be sent to OEQC and the following: Accepting Authority: Department of Hawaiian Homelands 1099 Alakea Street, Suite 2000 Honolulu, HI 96813 Contact: Linda Chinn Phone: 808.587.6434 Applicant: Jacobi Development, Inc 171 17 Street NW, Suite 1550 Atlanta, GA 30363 Contact: Scott Condra, Senior Vice President Phone: 770.399.9930 If you no longer need this EIS, please recycle it. Thank you for your participation in the EIS process! Note: The attached E641rviYfiientbl Impact Statement is on file in the Clerk's Office. Comm. No.�_ .. Ref. Ta Ref. Date Oceanit Center 828 Fort Street Mail. Suite 600 Honolulu. Hawaii 96813 Phone: 808.531.3017 Fax 808.531.3177 www.oceanit.com I'r. I ).i 11 L oceanit V'I \I I\II'\(-I '�l \I I VI V"I I.. I,, t JI \ R . jiII I Kona Kai Ola I" Draft Environmental Impact Statement Wy Kealakehe, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii W 1W Prepared for: Jacoby Development, Inc. 171 17' Street, NW, Suite 1550 Atlanta, GA 30363 Preparedd\by. bw oceani% imanba+lMmgE [:gn[Enng L u.<:Af,: c,cJlcn<e .- 828 Fon Street Mall, Suite 600 L. Honolulu, HI 96813 PM December 2006 Accepting Authority 1 indicate that the statement and all ancillary documents were prepared under my direction or supervision and that the information submitted, to the best of my knowledge fully addresses the document content requirements as setforth in section 11-200-18, Hawai'i Administrative Rules. 69 Sincerely, Mr. Micah Kane A Chairman Hawaiian Homes Commission Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, State of Hawaii AN 11 For Accepting Authority: it Hawai'i State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands 1099 Alakea Street, Suite 2000 Honolulu, HI 96813 V In Cooperation with: r Hawai'i State Department of Land and Natural Resources 60 1151 Punchbowl Street, Room 130 Honolulu, HI 96813 Preparedd\by. bw oceani% imanba+lMmgE [:gn[Enng L u.<:Af,: c,cJlcn<e .- 828 Fon Street Mall, Suite 600 L. Honolulu, HI 96813 PM December 2006 Accepting Authority 1 indicate that the statement and all ancillary documents were prepared under my direction or supervision and that the information submitted, to the best of my knowledge fully addresses the document content requirements as setforth in section 11-200-18, Hawai'i Administrative Rules. 69 Sincerely, Mr. Micah Kane A Chairman Hawaiian Homes Commission Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, State of Hawaii AN 11 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawai'i Executive Summary Executive Summary Description of the Action Jacoby Development, Inc. and Kona Marina Development Group, LLC, an affiliate of Jacoby Development, Inc., herein collectively referred to as JDI, have been selected by the State of Hawai`i to develop Kona Kai Ola on approximately 530 acres in Kealakehe, Kona, Island of Hawaii. The project site comprises 200 acres owned by the State Department of Hawaiian Home Land, or DHHL, and 330 adjacent acres under the State Board of Land and Natural '! Resources, or BLNR. This project will not involve development of the Kaloko-Honokohau .. National Historical Park or the existing Honokohau Harbor, except for the shared entrance channel. The State of Hawaii has expressed a desire to create and expand income generating uses on the subject lands and provide expanded recreational and options for the surrounding community. r The vision for Kona Kai Ola is an environmentally sustainable marina -focused development featuring a mix of uses including visitor and resident -serving commercial enterprises, hotels and r time-share units, marina services, open space and community -benefiting facilities including public infrastructure improvements in a pedestrian friendly setting surrounding the marina and seawater lagoons. r The proposed Kona Kai Ola Master Plan includes a new 45 -acre 800 -slip marina that will meet " an increasing public demand for boat facilities on the west side of the Island of Hawaii. The �. project has a strong ocean and cultural orientation and these themes will be reflected in several proposed ways. A marine science center and a cultural park are proposed along with public access, public water features, community gathering areas, a yacht club, a big game fishing club, r and a proposed canoe park. Commercial areas will feature large retailers and local residential services intended to serve the ,. local residential market. and commercial development near the proposed marina will focus on meeting the needs of residential and visitor markets with smaller shops and unique restaurants and boutiques. The State agreements allow for the development of the lands for such uses as commercial, resort and light industrial. Although the agreement between the State and JDI prohibit the development r of residences that are marketed or intended for use as primary or permanent residences, JDI is planning to construct worker housing on a nearby site that will be leased at below market rents. Proposed transient accommodations include 700 hotel units that are expected to meet a wide range of demands, thereby providing employment, increasing the tax base and providing entrepreneurial opportunities. Per requirements of the agreements, a vacation ownership or time- share ownership plan could be developed and 1,803 units are proposed. r In keeping with the ocean and recreation orientation, the project will feature approximately 224 acres of developer -initiated green space, open space, public spaces and view corridors. Kona Kai r Ola will feature lagoons, water features and ponds throughout the development. r r. Page i n Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawai'i Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Integral throughout Kona Kai Ola is JDI's commitment to incorporate environmental sustainability. The project will feature the latest in environmental design and technology to create an energy efficient, low environmental impact, sustainable development at Kona Kai Ola. These efforts will help to optimize site potential and minimize non-renewable energy consumption, as well as protect and conserve water and enhance indoor environmental quality. Alternatives Analysis In typical land development projects, the initial planning process includes the exploration of alternatives to development objectives. Kona Kai Ola does not follow this same pattern of alternatives evaluation. The agreements and leases between the State and JDI stipulate the parameters of development for this site in terms of uses, quantities and size of many features, resulting in a limited range of land uses. Unlike a private property project, JDI is required to meet the criteria outlined in the agreements, thereby affording less flexibility in options and uses. From the developer's perspective, the agreements must also provide sufficient flexibility to allow for a development product that responds to market needs and provides a reasonable rate of return on the private investment. The economic viability and sustainability of the project is determined by the density and uses proposed. Because JDI is obligated to develop an 800 -slip marina for the State, complete road improvements, and provide various public enhancement features at its own expense, the density proposed for the income generating features of the development must be sufficient to provide an acceptable level of economic return for JDI. The market study determined that the currently proposed density and mix is the optimum to meet the anticipated financing and development cost obligations for the public features associated with the development. The only valid alternative to the proposed project is the no -action alternative. In this alternative, the project site would be left vacant, and the proposed marina, hotel and time-share facilities, commercial and marina industrial complexes, and community -oriented uses would not be realized. While the no -action alternative would not generate related adverse impacts, the creation of a master -planned State -initiated development, resulting in increased employment, tax revenue, recreation options and community facilities, would also not occur. Privately -funded improvements, such as the marina and regional roadway improvements, would not be implemented, and neither would other community-based improvements. Further, the creation of revenue producing businesses on the DHHL property to fund homestead programs would not occur, resulting in fewer potential benefits for Hawaiians. Hence, the agreements and leases between the State and JDI indicate that the no -action alternative has been rejected at this time. Significant Beneficial and Adverse Impacts The State of Hawaii has expressed a desire to create and expand income generating uses on the subject lands, and provide expanded recreational and options for the surrounding community. Page ii Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawai'i Executive Summary Kona Kai Ola will generate significant tax and base lease revenues that will increase State fiscal resources and help to fund efforts such as the financing of DHHL housing programs on other DHHL land. Regional public facilities, including an 800 -slip marina, the extension of Kuakini Highway and other infrastructure improvements, will be privately funded, thereby contributing to the State economy and providing significant regional benefits. The project will create an attractive market for environmentally and socially sound investment activities for the West Hawaii community. It will generate diverse employment and business opportunities. Development of the 552 -acre study area, which includes 22 acres owned by the Queen .. Lili`uokalani Trust for the proposed Kealakehe Parkway extension to Kuakini Highway, will impact physical resources. Potential environmental impacts, including noise, soil erosion, and fugitive dust and exhaust emissions will mostly occur during the construction period. Mitigation .. measures will be implemented and, once developed, the project will have no significant impact on noise, air quality, water quality, and archaeological and cultural resources. No endangered or threatened fauna are expected to be impacted by the project. The development of the new 800 slip private marina would cause a significant increase of boater activity in the harbor entrance and possible severe congestion during peak use periods. rr Mitigation measures could include traffic control, such as staggering of sport fish tournament traffic, implementation of a permanent manned traffic control tower or harbor patrol, and limiting vessel size. Other possible mitigation measures include widening the entrance channel tit or reducing the number of slips to 600. Regarding reduction of boat slips, the development agreement with DLNR presently requires that JDI develop and construct a new marina basin containing not less than 800 new boat slips. The proposed marina will not result in any significant increase in groundwater flow to the coastline, but rather a concentration of the existing flows to the harbor entrance. Large quantities of seawater will be pumped up from the sea and flow through the proposed sea water lagoons and into the proposed new marina basin. This will result in extreme dilution of the groundwater entering the marina with nutrient loading that is lower than the present coastal waters. Water .. quality will be improved, thereby generating a positive impact on the nearshore marine environment. Further, under short storm wave conditions, the proposed marina construction causes a positive impact by reducing the wave height by 10 percent in the mooring area. r The anchialine ponds that are located north of the existing harbor are not likely to be impacted, as no development activities are proposed north of the existing harbor. It is highly unlikely that existing groundwater flows to the Kaloko-Honok6hau pond system to the north of the existing harbor will be impacted by the proposed marina to the south. Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC) is being considered as an alternative source for the development's cooling needs, in keeping with the sustainability goals of the overall Kona Kai Ola project. The design of the SWAC shall mitigate possible impacts through the prevention of the introduction of high nutrient deep seawater directly into the seawater lagoons, marina, or shallow nearshore coastal waters. sr r Page iii M W Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawai'i Executive Summary Proposed Mitigation Measures Drainage, Flood Control, Water Quality and Soil Erosion: All construction activities will fully comply with public regulations. A construction waste management plan will be developed that seeks to reduce over 50 percent of the waste generated during construction. Material excavated during construction would be used for areas that require fill. Because of the highly porous geology, it is likely that surface generated sediments will enter groundwater in the advent of significant rainfall during grading. Because this groundwater could enter the new harbor area, the final harbor opening to the existing harbor would be opened only after all major site grading has occurred. The use of silt curtains will minimize the suspended sediment entering the ocean when the new harbor basin is opened to the existing harbor. Marine Environment and Aquatic Ecosystems: The change in the local groundwater flow pattern in the vicinity of the proposed marina will impact the anchialine ponds that are located between the proposed marina and the shoreline south of the harbor entrance. The salinity of the anchialine ponds will increase due to a reduction of brackish groundwater. Some ponds will be excavated to make the new harbor basin. These ponds are already degraded by nutrient enrichment, trash from visitors, and the introduction of minnows. No realistic mechanisms are envisioned for re -injecting fresh water into these systems to maintain their ecological balance as an anchialine system. These ponds will be changed from a brackish water system to a marine system. Ponds in the area of the shoreline park and cultural park will be cleaned of vegetation and protected from other physical alteration. A buffer zone around these newly established marine ponds will be protected as well. Further recommended mitigation includes restoring other anchialine ponds off the project site, preferably in the Kaloko- Honokohau National Historical Park land. The proposed marina will add 800 new slips to the existing facility and it is likely that a portion of these new boats will engage in fishing activities. It is recommended that facilities and programs to foster continued stewardship, fisheries science, and educational programs be implemented in the design of the new marina facilities. The proposed marine science center would provide a venue for implementing the educational and stewardship programs. Archaeological and Cultural Resources: Cultural and archaeological resources will be protected as directed by the preservation plans approved by DLNR. In addition, the shoreline area contains most of these sites and will be protected as a cultural park. The management plan for this area will be developed through close consultation with cultural descendants. For the area specifically within the legislative boundary of the National Park that is fronting the Kona Kai Ola project site, the developer will work cooperatively with the National Park Service to develop a management plan and interpretive plan for these cultural and archaeological resources. Further mitigation includes the proposed preservation of the ahu (small rock cairns) near the makai end of the site and a short section of the old walking trail as a symbol of the trail system. Also, a cultural practitioner, who is knowledgeable of the site and can assist the project developer to ensure proper cultural protocols are followed in the design, will be employed. Page iv W wk Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawai'i Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary To encourage cultural practices, access to the shoreline will be open and access to cultural resources will be in a manner that encourages native Hawaiian and local resident use. Mauka viewsheds from the shoreline will be preserved and not obstructed. Visual Impacts: Due to its location within the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway view plane, the project has the potential to impact public views of the coastline in this area of North Kona. The „. proposed Harbormaster Control Tower is a small two-story structure set back approximately 500 feet from the harbor entry channel and will be visible from the ocean and the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. To mitigate view impacts on the adjacent Kaloko-Honokohau National r Historical Park, design measures to minimize impacts will be employed. Further, it is proposed that the ground floor of the Harbormaster Control Tower be made available for park uses, such as a visitor center. i To further mitigate visual impacts, a 400 -foot buffer zone along the shoreline will be preserved — as open space. Improvements within this buffer zone will be limited to lateral shoreline public .. trails, mauka-makai access trails from the project site, and cultural or environmental -related improvements related to existing features within the buffer zone. No buildings or structures shall be built within the 400 -foot shoreline setback area, with the possible exception of possible r culturally -related structures. To control building mass near the shoreline, development sites directly adjacent to the shoreline r, setback area will be limited by design covenants to a lower unit density. Buildings immediately adjacent to the shoreline setback are proposed at one and two stories height to minimize building -� mass against the shoreline setback area. Major roadways, parking areas, and areas surrounding all major structures will be landscaped in accordance with a landscape master plan. Noise: It is not expected that construction -related project -generated noise will impact adjacent _ properties as they are mostly vacant or industrial. The only areas that may be affected are the Honokohau Harbor users and the Fishing Club located south of Kealakehe Parkway. �. Commercial, hotel and time-share buildings completed in the initial phases may also be affected r from construction noise due to subsequent phases as they are in very close proximity to the construction site. Construction blasting, if required for the new marina, could produce noise impacts. However, blasting at construction sites near populated areas is usually accomplished by using numerous small charges detonated with small time delays. Blast mats can also be used to assist in directing the explosive energy into the rock, controlling flying debris, and muffling the noise. With the r appropriate blast design techniques, the noise from blasting can be controlled to minimize noise .. impacts. In cases where construction noise exceeds, or is expected to exceed, the State's "maximum permissible" property line noise levels, a permit must be obtained from the State DOH to allow the operation of vehicles, cranes, construction equipment, power tools, etc., which .� emit noise levels in excess of the "maximum permissible" levels. IN Page v WP Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawai'i Executive Summary Air quality: The project will have short and long term air quality impacts. Mitigation measures during the construction phase will be employed based on an effective dust control plan. Further, all construction activities will comply with State Air Pollution Control regulations and the provisions of Section 11-60.1-33, HAR. All grading operations will be conducted in full compliance with dust and erosion control requirements of the County of Hawai`i's Grading Ordinance. After construction of the project, implementation of air quality mitigation measures for long- term traffic impacts are not needed, as projected emissions are expected to remain within both state and national air quality standards. Traffic: To mitigate traffic impacts, various signalization improvements and roadway improvements will be implemented. To connect Kona Kai Ola with the neighboring communities, Kona International Airport, and Kailua-Kona Village, the project proposes to sponsor a regularly scheduled shuttle service, so that people could utilize Kona Kai Ola without having to use a car for access. Further, the project includes the construction and realignment of Kealakehe Parkway makai of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and through the lands of Queen Lili`uokalani Trust connecting with Kuakini Highway in Kailua-Kona. Another measure to enhance road connectivity in the ahupua`a is the improvement of the intersection of Kealakehe Parkway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. These improvements will serve the project as well as the regional community. Infrastructure and Utilities: Project -related infrastructure will be sized in accordance with project requirements. Consistent with Public Policies Kona Kai Ola is generally consistent with environmental regulatory requirements contained Chapter 343, HRS, and the Environmental Impact Statement Rules, Title 11, Chapter 200 of the Hawaii Administrative Rules. The project is consistent with and implements objectives and policies of the Coastal Zone Management Program, Chapter 205A, HRS, the Hawaii State Plan, Chapter 226, HRS, and the State DHHL Island Plan. Kona Kai Ola also is consistent with relevant objectives and policies of the Hawaii County General Plan and regional plans. At this writing, the County Council has approved a bill to amend the Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map for a portion of the site from Open to Urban Expansion. Also, project implementation requires rezoning to allow proposed uses. Compliance with environmental laws and policies are fundamental to Kona Kai Ola. JDI has made a corporate commitment to environmental sustainability in all its work and will incorporate the latest environmental design and technology to create an energy efficient, low environmental impact, sustainable development at Kona Kai Ola. Page vi Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawai'i Executive Summary Summary of Unresolved Issues Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC) is planned to utilize deep, cold ocean water for cooling or air conditioning, thereby significantly reducing energy consumption requirements. The specific design for the proposed SWAC facility has not been finalized. If injection wells are chosen for circulated-water disposal, the location of these will be dictated by the underlying aquifer and .. groundwater system. The design of the SWAC will be established as the project progresses. If SWAC is not implemented, then conventional air conditioning systems will be used. The project will generate jobs, thereby possibly requiring workers to commute from existing distant housing areas, or to search for housing from the increasingly expensive West Hawaii housing market. Affordable housing requirements generated by Kona Kai Ola will need to be ,,. determined, which is done in the rezoning process. Based on the current plan, it is anticipated that the development will need to secure water quantities estimated at 2.6 million gallons a day. Currently, Department of Water Supply (DWS) i sources are not adequate to support the project needs. The developer is working with the County, .. DLNR and others on new sources, transmission and storage of water for the development. w Listing of Required Permits and Approvals Federal i ■ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit (Section 404) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit (Section 10) r State of Hawaii i Department of Health • Office of Environmental Quality Control - Chapter 343- Environmental Impact Statement ■ Clean Water Branch - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit w • Clean Water Branch - Water Quality Certification (401) • Clean Water Branch — Zone of Mixing Noise, Radiation, and Indoor Air Quality Branch — Community Noise Permit ■ Safe Drinking Water Branch — Injection Well Permit and Source Water Use Approval Department of Land and Natural Resources • Commission on Water Resource Management — Well Construction Permit, Pump Installation Permit, and Water Use Permit • Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands - Conservation District Use Permit (SWAC pipe and parkway extension through Queen Lili`uokalani Trust property). •, Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism-Office of Planning Coastal Zone Management — CZM Consistency m Page vii r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii County of Hawaii • General Plan Amendment (in process) ■ Rezoning • Building Permit • Grading/Grubbing Permit • Special Management Area Permit (SMA) • Subdivision Approval Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Executive Summary Page viii Iwl r .. Page is r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction and Project Description..............................................................................1 1.1 Overview..................................................................................................................1 1.2 Project Site...............................................................................................................2 w1.3 Surrounding Uses.....................................................................................................6 1.4 Purpose and Need for the Project.............................................................................7 .. 1.4.1 DHIIL..........................................................................................................7 1.4.2 DLNR...........................................................................................................8 .. 1.5 Proposed Project and Objectives.............................................................................8 1.5.1 Development Program.................................................................................8 1.5.2 Project Sustainable Design........................................................................12 r 1.6 Phasing...................................................................................................................13 1.6.1 Phase 1.......................................................................................................13 1.6.2 Phase 2.......................................................................................................15 ' 1.6.3 Phase 3.......................................................................................................16 1.6.4 Phase 4.......................................................................................................16 1.7 Environmental Process...........................................................................................17 w 1.8 Proactive Communication Outreach Program.......................................................17 2 Alternatives Analysis.......................................................................................................19 r 3 Assessment of Existing Natural Environment...............................................................21 ,. 3.1 Climate...................................................................................................................21 r3.2 Soils........................................................................................................................21 ' 3.3 Geography, Topography, and Geology..................................................................23 3.3.1 Geography and Topography......................................................................23 3.3.2 Surface Geology.........................................................................................23 3.3.3 Subsurface Geology...................................................................................25 3.3.4 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation..................................25 m3.4 Natural Drainage....................................................................................................26 .. 3.5 Air Quality.............................................................................................................26 r .. Page is r W Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Table of Contents 3.5.1 Existing Condition.....................................................................................26 3.5.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation..................................27 3.6 Natural Hazards.....................................................................................................28 3.6.1 Earthquakes................................................................................................28 3.6.2 Flood..........................................................................................................28 3.6.3 Tsunamis and Hurricanes...........................................................................30 3.6.4 Lava Flows.................................................................................................30 3.6.5 Brush Fires.................................................................................................33 3.7 Terrestrial Environment.........................................................................................33 3.7.1 Flora...........................................................................................................33 3.7.1.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................33 3.7.1.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations..............34 3.7.2 Fauna..........................................................................................................34 3.7.2.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................34 3.7.2.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations..............35 3.8 Water Resources....................................................................................................36 3.8.1 Groundwater..............................................................................................36 3.8.1.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................39 3.8.1.2 Groundwater Flow and Quality...............................................39 3.8.1.3 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation................40 3.8.2 Surface Water.............................................................................................40 3.9 Marine Environment and Aquatic Ecosystems......................................................41 3.9.1 Nearshore Environment and Coastal Waters.............................................41 3.9.1.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................41 3.9.1.2 Methodologies and Studies......................................................43 3.9.1.3 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation................44 3.9.2 Wave Impacts to the Existing Honokohau Harbor....................................47 3.9.3 Anchialine Ponds.......................................................................................47 3.9.3.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................48 3.9.3.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations..............48 3.9.4 Marine Fishing Impacts.............................................................................51 3.9.4.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................51 3.9.4.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation................52 3.9.5 Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles.............................................................53 3.9.5.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................53 3.9.5.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation................55 3.9.6 Ciguatera....................................................................................................57 Page x Im r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Enwonmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Table of Contents 3.9.7 SWAC Facility...........................................................................................58 4 Assessment of Existing Human Environment...............................................................61 a_ 4.1 Cultural Resources.................................................................................................61 4. 1.1 Background................................................................................................61 4.1.2 Assessment.................................................................................................62 4.1.2.1 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation................64 r 4.2 Archaeological Resources......................................................................................65 4.2.1 Existing Conditions....................................................................................65 4.2.1.1 DHHL Site Findings ................................................................67 _ 4.2.1.2 DLNR and Parkway Corridor Site Findings ............................67 4.2.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations................................69 ,.. 4.3 Visual Resources....................................................................................................71 4.3.1 Existing Conditions....................................................................................71 _ 4.3.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation..................................71 OW4.4 Noise ......................................................................................................................72 4.4.1 Existing Conditions and Methodology......................................................72 4.4.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation..................................73 4.5 Social Environment................................................................................................75 4.5.1 Existing and Anticipated Future Socio-economic Environment ...............76 r 4.5.1.1 Population................................................................................76 +� 4.5.1.2 Economic Forces......................................................................76 t114.5.2 Housing......................................................................................................77 4.5.2.1 Existing Conditions..................................................................77 a 4.5.2.2 Affordable Housing Requirement............................................78 m 4.5.3 Construction-Related Impacts and Recommended Mitigation..................78 4.5.4 Community Issues and Perceived Social Impacts.....................................79 4.5.4.1 Issues Related to Marine and Shoreline Environment.............79 ,. 4.5.4.2 Issues Related to Project Scale and "Growth-Generating" Nature..................................................................................................79 ■r 4.5.4.3 Project Compatibility with Existing and Emerging Community80 4.5.4.4 Likely Drivers of "Mixed Use Success"..................................82 it 4.6 Economic Environment.........................................................................................82 4.6.1 Tourism in Hawaii and Hawaii Island.....................................................82 r 4.6.2 Market Appropriateness.............................................................................83 4.6.2.1 Suitability of Project Site for Proposed Uses........................... 83 �. Page xi r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Table of Contents 4.6.2.2 Project Components.................................................................84 Vehicular Traffic....................................................................................................88 4.6.3 Project Economic Impacts.........................................................................85 4.6.3.1 Build -out and Absorption........................................................85 Existing Roadway Network.......................................................................88 4.6.3.2 Employment and Wages..........................................................86 4.6.3.3 Visitor Spending......................................................................86 Current Traffic Issues................................................................................89 4.6.3.4 Sales and Revenues..................................................................86 4.6.4 Public Costs / Benefits Resulting from Project Development ................... 86 4.7 Vehicular Traffic....................................................................................................88 4.7.1 Existing Roadway Network.......................................................................88 4.7.2 Current Traffic Issues................................................................................89 4.7.3 Existing Transit..........................................................................................90 4.7.4 Existing Traffic Conditions........................................................................90 4.7.4.1 Kealakehe Parkway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway ..........90 4.7.4.2 Makala Boulevard and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway ............91 4.7.5 Projections for Analysis.............................................................................91 4.7.6 Proposed Year 2020 without Kona Kai Ola Project..................................91 4.7.7 Anticipated Project Impacts and Recommended Mitigation ..................... 91 4.8 Marina Traffic Study..............................................................................................93 4.8.1 Existing Conditions....................................................................................93 4.8.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation..................................94 4.9 Trails, Bike Paths and Pedestrian Access..............................................................96 4.10 Public Services and Infrastructure Facilities..........................................................97 4.10.1 Police Protection Services..........................................................................97 4.10.2 Fire Protection Services.............................................................................97 4.10.3 Medical Services........................................................................................98 4.10.4 Public Educational Facilities......................................................................99 4.10.5 Drainage and Storm Water Facilities .......................................................100 4.10.6 Waste Water Facilities.............................................................................101 4.10.7 Solid Waste Facilities..............................................................................102 4.10.8 Potable Water Facilities...........................................................................103 4.10.9 Energy and Communications...................................................................104 4.10.9.1 Electrical................................................................................104 4.10.9.2 Telecommunications and Cable.............................................104 4.10.9.3 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation..............105 4.10.10 Water Features and Lagoons................................................................106 5 Conformance with Public Plans and Policies..............................................................109 Page xii Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Table of Contents 5.1 State......................................................................................................................109 5.1.1 Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes ...................................................109 a 5.1.2 State Land Use Law, Chapter 205, Hawaii Revised Statutes.................109 5.1.3 Coastal Zone Management Program, Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statutes.................................................................................................................109 5.1.4 Hawaii State Plan, Chapter 226, Hawaii Revised Statutes ...................116 5.1.5 DHHL Hawaii Island Plan......................................................................128 .. 5.2 County ofHawai`i................................................................................................128 5.2.1 General Plan.............................................................................................128 — 5.2.2 Community Development Plans..............................................................145 r 5.2.3 County Zoning.........................................................................................146 5.2.4 Special Management Area.......................................................................148 r 5.3 Permits Required for Project................................................................................148 w rrr 6 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources.........................................151 7 Relationship between Short Term Uses of the Environment and the Maintenance of LongTerm Productivity ................................................................................................153 8 Cumulative Impacts.......................................................................................................157 .. 9 Probable Adverse Environmental Impacts Which Cannot be Avoided...................159 10 Summary of Unresolved Issues.....................................................................................161 rr 11 Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola....................................................163 w 12 Supporting Documentation...........................................................................................179 12.1 Contributing Consultants.....................................................................................179 12.2 List of Consultation Agencies as Part of the DEIS Process.................................179 r 12.3 Comment Letters and Responses as Part of the Public Notice of the EISPN...... 181 +� Bibliography and References....................................................................................................183 r rList of Abbreviations.................................................................................................................187 r Page xiii r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Table of Contents Appendices..................................................................................................................................189 A. Comment Letters and Responses as Part of the Public Notice of the EISPN B. Market Study, Economic Impact Analysis, and Public Costs/Benefits Assessment C. Air Quality Study D. Flora Survey Report E. A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Mammalian Species F. Geology and Ground -Water Hydrology in the Vicinity of Honokohau Harbor G. Water Quality, Marine Biological Baseline Studies, and Impact Analysis H. Zone of Mixing Report I. Wave Penetration J. Cooling Water Intake Analysis K. Cultural Impact Assessment 2006, and Cultural Impact Assessment 2001 L. Archaeological Inventory Survey 2006, and Archaeological Inventory Survey 2001 M. Environmental Noise Assessment Report N. Social Impact Assessment O. Traffic Impact Analysis Study P. Marina Boat Traffic Study Q. Marine Fisheries Study and Underwater Noise Impacts Review Page xiv I. Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures Tables Table 1: Proposed Kona Kai Ola Development Program............................................................. 12 Table 2: Community Contacts Completed November 2005 through September 2006 .............. 164 Table 3: Presentations to Community Organizations................................................................. 177 Table 4: Contributing Consultants.............................................................................................. 179 Table 5: Information on Comment Letters on EISPN................................................................ 181 w .r Figures Page xv FigureA: Location Map.................................................................................................................. 3 FigureB: Tax Map Key Map.......................................................................................................... 4 FigureC: Land Ownership Map..................................................................................................... 5 Figure D: Preliminary Concept Plan............................................................................................. 10 W Figure E: Green/Open Space Plan ................................................................................................ 11 FigureF: Phasing Map.................................................................................................................. 14 FigureG: Soils Survey Map......................................................................................................... 22 FigureH: Watershed Map............................................................................................................. 24 Figure I: Flood Hazard Ma 29 FigureJ: Tsunami Hazard Map..................................................................................................... 31 "o Figure K: Volcanic Hazard Ma 32 FigureL: Aquifer Map.................................................................................................................. 37 +r Figure M: Boring Locations.......................................................................................................... 38 �. Figure N: Water Quality Classifications Map.............................................................................. 42 Figure O: National Park Service Legislative Boundary Map ....................................................... 49 Figure P: Anchialine Pond Locations........................................................................................... 50 Figure Q: Archaeological Resources Location Map..................................................................... 70 Figure R: Noise Measurement Locations..................................................................................... 74 Figure S: State Land Use Map.................................................................................................... 110 Figure T: Conservation District Map.......................................................................................... 111 .. Figure U: DHHL Island Plan Map.............................................................................................. 129 rr Figure V: Hawaii County Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map ......................................... 131 Figure W: Hawaii County Zoning Map..................................................................................... 147 Figure X: Special Management Area Ma 149 Page xv Op Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement • Island of Hawaii w, w This page is intentionally left blank .». r r rw s IM m r Ift • r A Op rY Page xvi 0 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description I Introduction and Project Description 1.1 Overview int Jacoby Development, Inc. and Kona Marina Development Group, LLC, an affiliate of Jacoby Development, Inc., herein collectively referred to as JDI, have been selected by the State of Hawaii to develop Kona Kai Ola at Kealakehe, Kona, Island of Hawaii. The project includes a community -focused marina and commercial village that features visitor lodging, a marine science center, water features, and a cultural center. The project area encompasses 530 acres, of " which 200 acres are owned by the State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands, herein referred to ,r as DHHL, and 330 adjacent acres are owned by the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, herein referred to as DLNR. In addition to the 530 -acre project area, 22 acres owned by the Queen Lili`uokalani Trust are proposed for the extension of a proposed parkway that serves Kona Kai Ola and Kailua-Kona. r The total subject area for this Draft Environmental Impact Statement is therefore 552 acres. This W project does not include lands in the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park or the Honokohau Harbor except for the shared entrance channel. This document contains the Draft Environmental Impact Statement, or DEIS, in accordance with Chapter 343 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes. The following summarizes project information: Project Location Kealakehe, North Kona, Island of Hawaii r Judicial District North Kona ,., Project Area Tax Map Key 7-4-008: 071 and 72 7-4-008: 099 (proposed parkway through project site) 7-4-008: 003 (portion) r Project Site Total 530 acres - 330 acres owned by DLNR r (includes parkway property through site) - 200 acres owned by DHHL Additional Study Area 22 acres for parkway extension south through lands owned by `t Queen Lili`uokalani Trust Total EIS Study Area 552 acres Existing Land Use Mostly vacant, contiguous to the existing DLNR Honokohau Harbor facility to the north. Page 1 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii w Existing Land Use Designations State Land Use .. Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Introduction and Project Description .......... Urban and Conservation Hawai `i County General Plan ........... Open and Urban Expansion Hawai `i County Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Designation ................. Urban (DHHL); Urban and Open (DLNR) (On November 29, 2006, the Hawai `i County Council approved re -designation of most of the DLNR land to Urban Expansion) Hawai `i County Zoning ..........................................................Open .. Special Management Area ....................Completely in SMA Zone DHHL Island Plan......................................................Commercial Applicant Mr. Scott Condra ,. Senior Vice President Jacoby Development, Inc. 171 17th Street, NW, Suite 1550 ,. Atlanta, Georgia 30363 Phone: 770-399-9930 Fax: 770-206-9150 r► E-mail: condraCa jacobvdevelopment.com v Accepting Authority State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands 1099 Alakea Street, Suite 2000 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Contact: Linda Chinn ,. Telephone: 808-587-6434 re DEIS Preparer: Oceanit Oceanit Center 828 Fort Street Mall, 6th Floor Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Contact: Dayan Vithanage Telephone: 808-531-3017 ft E-mail: konakaiolaLvoceanit.com 1.2 Project Site The 530 -acre project site of the proposed Kona Kai Ola is located in Kealakehe, North Kona, on •+ the island of Hawaii as shown in Figure A. The site is owned by the State of Hawaii, and includes Tax Map Key (TMK) parcels as illustrated in Figure B. Figure C contains ownership information, which is summarized as follows: •� • DHHL owns about 200 acres identified as TMK 7-4-008:072; ., • DLNR owns about 330 acres identified as TMKs 7-4-008: parcels 003 (por.), 071, and 099 (proposed Kealakehe Parkway extension makai of Queen Ka`ahumanu Hwy). so rro Page 2 OR to Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park Harbor au Harbor -----L,--- • .It ?one 7 Sec. 4 Plat 08 Jote: Underlined numbers are Parcel Numbers )ata Located at: http://www.ha"ii.gov/dbedt/gi Figure B: Tax Map Key Legend - Project Site Parcels —••—• Proposed Parkway T .I W N E S T1 TV1T1 wr 0 1,000 2,000 Feet JAcosr DEV�, INC. 41 ��.All IIIIY� 'ii.x muumuu; i State of Hawaii ` (Airports) f '� �`!'�e,� �' �■i r vu r ii. �I �N w' ilk W.41 taµ;rpq llpll ..y\un.♦.el • °Illlli i, �'�iNp�11•, � _ ilk Interior 1\ .S1u K l��h n Che. `. • _ _ �� :II OsIG'. h 1 < Pal Nis Ui gel P,arl �V �Villayes of Laiopua DHHL Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description The DEIS study area also encompasses approximately 22 acres of land to be used for the proposed Kealakehe Parkway extension to Kuakini Highway south through Queen Lili`uokalani Trust lands. The entire project site is bounded on the north by Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, and on the south by the Queen Lili`uokalani Trust parcel and the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant operated by Hawaii County. The project site is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean shoreline, and on the cast by Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. Currently, most of the project site is vacant. A gravel road with some DLNR-owned storage units and boating support equipment occupy a small portion of the DLNR parcel identified as TMK 7- 4-008:003, surrounding the existing harbor. On the parcel to the south identified as TMK 7-4- 008:071, a small public park and an unimproved parking area are located near the existing harbor entrance channel. The parking area is currently being used by adjacent boat owner slips, as well as those who hike to `Alula, a small pocket beach located a short distance to the south, for sunbathing, snorkeling, and scuba diving. Limited shore fishing occurs in this area as well. The land and shoreline are difficult to access. `Alula provides the only safe ocean access during calm seas. The shoreline area of the project site contains the majority of the most prominent cultural/archaeological features. Makaopio (Hale-o-Lono) heiau was built in a brackish water pond on the north side of the beach area. Further south is the Hale o Kane structures. There are also anchialine ponds in this immediate shoreline area. The shoreline south of this area is made up of rugged lava flow, perched beaches and small groupings of dry vegetation. The inland project site area consists of rugged lava flows with sparse dry vegetation. 1.3 Surrounding Uses Surrounding uses include harbor -related commercial and recreational activities at the Honokohau Harbor, and cultural and recreational activities related to the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. The Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park was authorized by the U.S. Congress in 1978 to preserve and perpetuate traditional native Hawaiian activities and culture. The congressional advisory commission recommended that the area previously designated "Honokohau Settlement National Historical Landmark" and adjacent waters to be preserved for the benefit of the Hawaiian people and the nation as part of the national park system. The congressionally legislated Park boundary includes 7.5 acres of State lands on the northern side of Honokohau Harbor and 15.5 acres of State lands to the south of the harbor entrance. While the NPS has a lease agreement with the State for the 7.5 acres, the 15.5 acres on the southern side of the harbor is not leased by NPS. These lands are included in the current Kona Kai Ola project area. For the area specifically within this legislative boundary fronting the Kona Kai Ola project site, the developer will work cooperatively with the National Park to develop a management plan and interpretive plan for these cultural and archaeological resources. Page 6 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Introduction and Project Description The town of Kailua-Kona lies to the south of the project site and south of the Queen Lili`uokalani Trust property. The nearshore waters are primarily for transit of vessels entering or exiting the Honokohau Harbor, swimming, snorkeling or scuba diving off `Alula beach, scuba diving from boats moored or anchored at various locations within Honokohau Bay, and fishing from boats in Honokohau Bay and other shore locations. The area from Keahole Point to the north to Kailua-Kona town to the south is typified by rich coral reefs and fish communities, and features several popular scuba - diving sites. r. 1.4 Purpose and Need for the Project The State of Hawaii has expressed a desire to create and expand income generating uses on the subject lands, and provide expanded recreational and options for the surrounding community. r+ Kona Kai Ola responds to these efforts, and the project is based on agreements with two State agencies. DHHL has a lease agreement with Kona Marina Development Group, LLC, an affiliate of Jacoby Development, Inc., for the development of its 200 acres. DLNR has a development agreement with JDI for its 330 acres. The background of these agreements is discussed in this section, and these agreements are collectively referred to as "agreements with the State" in this DEIS. _ 1.4.1 DfIBL .. The 200 -acre DHHL parcel was transferred to DHHL by the State of Hawaii in February 2001 as part of a 1994 settlement with the State. The land has been identified by DHHL as the only major DHHL parcel with income -generating potential on the west side of the Island of Hawai `i .. and is designated for commercial development in the DHHL Hawaii Island Plan of May 2002. Its strategic location relative to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and proximity to the Kona International Airport, Honokohau Harbor, the town of Kailua-Kona, and municipal infrastructure rr systems, render the site a prime candidate for generating income that will support the mission of this public trust. (DHHL 2002) In January 2004, this land was leased to Kona Marina Development Group, LLC, an affiliate of Jacoby Development, Inc., for a commercial, light industrial, retail/restaurant, hotel, time-share, and resort recreation development. Although permanent residential development is not allowed r under the lease agreement with the State, JDI is planning to construct employee housing on a nearby site that will be leased at below market rents. It is anticipated that project -generated revenue will help finance DHHL housing programs on other DHHL land, including the Villages W at La`i `Opua that requires expensive infrastructure for water, sewer and roads. Page 7 M W Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description 1.4.2 DLNR DLNR acreage adjacent to the Honokohau Harbor was identified as the site for a new marina basin to connect to the existing harbor. The project site is strategically located for commercial development and to generate income for the State of Hawaii, while providing community and statewide economic and social benefits. Since it was determined that the cost of the harbor expansion was too high for the State to finance with public funds, DLNR solicited proposals from interested developers. In exchange for expanding the harbor, the developer would be granted a limited range of development options, subject to a long term lease, for some of the remaining DLNR lands in the area. In November 2005, the Board of Land and Natural Resources signed a development agreement with JDI. The development agreement provides that as an essential component of the Board's finding that the public interest demands the Kona Kai Ola project, JDI will develop and construct a new marina basin of not less than 45 acres and containing not less than 800 new boat slips. Traffic in the area is already congested at peak times, and any additional development would require significant traffic improvements. JDI is therefore required by DHHL to complete a range of roadway improvements in the area. These transportation improvements include: ■ A realignment of the Kealakehe Parkway and intersection with Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway; Construction of the Kealakehe Parkway extension to serve each of the development parcels of the property. These improvements, along with certain other infrastructure improvements to be constructed as part of the project, constitute the "Core Infrastructure" as defined in agreements with the State. If JDI meets certain conditions in its development agreement with the Board, including development and construction of the new marina and Core Infrastructure, JDI is permitted to develop a project with land uses including retail/restaurant, hotels and time-share units, light industrial/marina uses, open space, public access, and recreational water features. Although residential use is not permitted on the leased lands, JDI is planning to construct employee housing on a nearby site that will be leased at below market rents. The agreements also prohibit the transfer of fee simple ownership of State land. The commercial and time-share features will be based on long-term leases. Per the agreement, the project site will be leased from the State. 1.5 Proposed Project and Objectives 1.5.1 Development Program The vision of Kona Kai Ola is an environmentally sustainable marina -focused development consisting of a mix of uses including visitor and resident -serving commercial enterprises, hotels and time-share units, marina services, open space and community -benefiting facilities including public infrastructure improvements in a pedestrian friendly setting surrounding the marina and seawater lagoons. The Kona Kai Ola Master Plan proposes a mixed-use and community -focused marina and commercial village as shown in Figure D. Project components include the following: Page 8 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description Marina: The focal point of the proposed project is a new 45 -acre marina. The new marina is anticipated to meet an increasing public demand for boat facilities on the west side of the Island of Hawaii. The agreements stipulate that the new marina contain approximately 800 boat slips with a minimum basin size of 45 acres. .� Ocean Recreation and Cultural Emphasis: Kona Kai Ola has a strong ocean and cultural orientation and these themes will be reflected in several proposed ways. A marine science center is proposed along with public access, public water features, community gathering MR areas, a yacht club, a big game fishing club, a proposed canoe park, and a cultural park. • Open Space: In keeping with the ocean and recreation orientation, the project will feature approximately 224 acres of developer -initiated green space, open space, public spaces and view corridors. The project will also feature a 400 -foot development setback from the t"t shoreline, as illustrated in the Open and Greenspace Plan Figure E. ^ Commercial: Commercial areas primarily located on the DHHL parcel will be designed to primarily serve the local residential market. This may include large retailers and local residential services such as banking, office space, grocery stores and restaurants. The commercial development near the proposed marina on the DLNR portion of the site will be more focused on serving both the local residents and the visitor market with smaller shops and unique restaurants and boutiques. • Hotels: Kona Kai Ola includes hotels that are expected to meet a wide range of demands, and thus optimize economic benefits. 700 hotel units in conjunction with a commercial !O village are proposed. The economic analysis completed as a part of this DEIS and Ir included as Appendix B of this DEIS, analyzed various development scenarios to determine which levels will provide economic viability for the project. • Time-share Units: Per requirements of the agreements, a vacation ownership or time- share ownership plan may be developed in one or more phases, 1,803 of these units are proposed. The agreements specifically prohibit the development of residences that are marketed or intended for use as primary or permanent residences. • Marina Support • To support the marina and its activities, approximately eight acres are W proposed for marina industrial uses such as boat repair, launching, storage, rental, sanding/paint station, and fueling. • Other Amenities: Kona Kai Ola will feature lagoons and water features throughout the I•• development. i Support: Areas are reserved for facilities support, job training, employee parking and a seawater air conditioning facility. • Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC) facility: This system is designed to pump cool water from ocean depths through the development assisting air conditioning and then disposed of in injection wells to prevent nearshore impacts. Page 9 VLLAM OF LATaPLIA W 4 gw.omMwACOM70 MUI Ls,0011.1.1.,sW1 HIOMAT W OLE" TOWUPM , PrAPOM ssr nocsr uruanuu. 1MMr ow M W IIIg101" MM101UM PAW MOM7W PUPM! y ACCM r111i1�wIN�K Mt , .. ; 111OM;Q1R a all .,WMMR T a MMI 00MMl110N1- 11UL 1 ti ow"wY11110N 1 - OLL711@t lOUMIIY �s r Source: PBR HAWAII Pian is cormpwr oft &M sub)W to cftrW Figure D: Preliminary Concept Plan W ec) Legend z�AWT/� ..Y..,M.,....1.1..,... R 1000 I �- Not to Scale JACOBY Eve ori rr, Lw. � r ��1 1 -a- Source: PBR HAWAII Figure E: Green/ Open Space Plan Plan K oonoephW only and subpd to chenge ua (C z� aClf��/t 3 JDI Not to Scale JAcoeY Lneve orsa�rl ,1w- Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description w L Table 1 summarizes land uses proposed in the Kona Kai Ola development program. ^ Table 1: Proposed Kona Kai Ola Development Program '- Preliminary Uses Land Uses Acreage Units Marina Various levels of boat 800 slips 45 acres ^ accommodations Hotels Three hotels 700 units 66 acres W Time-share Eight areas 1,803 units 145 acres A Commercial Two areas not applicable 51 acres Marina Industrial Marina support not applicable 7 acres Project Support and Project support / employee parking not applicable 13 acres Utilities Utilities Lagoons Water features Marine Park not applicable 19 acres r Brackishwater Pond Marine Science Center rA Community Area Community Uses not applicable 24 acres r yacht Club Big Game Fishing Club go Shoreline Park (buffer = 400 feet) Cultural Park Parks Harbor Entrance Park 66 not applicable acres Marina / Canoe Park Lagoon Park Entry Park Pq Open space and Open space areas not applicable 93 acres roads Roadways Total 2,503 Hotel/Time- 530 acres shares units 1.5.2 Project Sustainable Design JDI has made a corporate commitment to environmental sustainability in all its work. JDI intends to incorporate the latest environmental design and technology to create an energy efficient, low environmental impact, sustainable development at Kona Kai Ola. The US General Services Administration defines sustainable design as a process that "seeks to reduce negative impacts on the environment, human health and comfort of building occupants, thereby improving building performance" (GSA 2006). Sustainable design principles include the ability to: minimize non-renewable energy consumption Itll Page 12 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description optimize site potential .,0 use environmentally preferable products protect and conserve water • enhance indoor environmental quality �j0 optimize operational and maintenance practices One key to measuring the sustainability of the project's design and operation is to use the A Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System. The LEED Green Building Rating System is the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction, and operation of high performance green buildings. LEED gives building ow developers and operators the tools they need to have an immediate and measurable impact on their buildings' performance (LEED 2006). JDI has experience with the LEED certification ,. process from its other projects both for individual buildings, and for large campus infrastructure as well. JDI intends to pursue LEED certification for its development of the Kona Kai Ola project. Many of these strategies are discussed throughout this DEIS and many sustainable afeatures are recommended as mitigating measures for certain aspects of this project. 1.6 Phasing Figure F presents the proposed Phasing Plan for land-based development. Wbile the marina has a separate phasing sequence, the Phasing Plan depicts how the marina construction fits into the P% land-based construction sequence. It is anticipated that a 15 -year build out will ensure market �+ viability for each component of the master plan. Installation of the boat slips would be constructed as the market warrants over the 15 -year build out of the project. At this time we are estimating the number of slips that would be constructed in each phase. If for some reason the market demand for boat slips in that phase differs from the anticipated projections, the allocation for that phase would be increased or decreased accordingly. Each phase is hereby discussed. 1.6.1 Phase 1 Phase 1 includes the development of Commercial Parcel No. 1, which is approximately 29 acres. This parcel fronts Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and is at the intersection of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and Kealakehe WWTP Access Road. This prime parcel provides a natural location for !" retail activity and therefore would be developed immediately. A regional commercial center that W will serve the residents of Kona is envisioned for this site. Developing this commercial parcel in Phase 1 requires major traffic improvements, as access to the parcel is critical to its commercial success. JDI will not only provide access to the commercial parcel, but also address regional traffic issues like congestion and connectivity in Phase 1. The roadway system will be improved with turning movements and widening per recent plans by the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT). JDI plans to improve the intersection of the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and the Kealakehe WWTP Access Road. The Kealakehe WWTP Access Road is planned to be realigned and widened to an 80 feet road right- of-way (ROW) that will serve the Commercial Parcel No. 1 and eventually intersect with the proposed Kuakini Highway Extension to the west. P1 Page 13 1W 1� wLWM{or urOrw �° - MMOPOOED runNM ACCpa TO Qum ull%*I Txw KWUtx "*WAY usmpd Ou r oum L1uTu�pGLAW w ATM PR raoroarn OLM ruu and ACCM TOOO-I lilVrOMMUN . [ ? TNNT Ma! oaoac �; -I M,MTMMOMLNMTOIYCY 41bMk MIIMPROPOM 1 PUTUMM ACCY To 00 TRLWT I wnnwirle�rrrr A. 1 �T MMNMM CULTYIIN. t . MMM PAW oCMAM /IION1 ��3 I COMMbwATY1M I BOUNCT 01MCTY ` ., - Source: PBR HAWAII Plan is ooncepWW only and ribod to dur" Figure F: Phasing Map W z� Legend =OR PHASE z " 0 3 Iz 3 Not to Scale JACOBY DEVED ENT,, n4c. Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description JDI also plans, in accordance with DHHL lease agreement, to realign Kealakehe Parkway mauka of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway to allow for a straighter path to the parkway's intersection with Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. In addition, JDI plans to build a new Kealakehe Parkway/Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway intersection, and extend Kuakini Highway. Beyond the roadway improvements mentioned above, JDI is planning to address congestion on the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and resolve regional connectivity issues by extending Kuakini Highway as a parallel route to Queen Ka`ahlunanu Highway to the existing Kuakini Highway terminating at Makala Boulevard by Old Kona Airport State Park. This will alleviate traffic off the main highway. The highway extension over Queen Lili`uokalani Trust lands is subject to future negotiations and agreements with Queen Lili`uokalani Trust. W Utilities within the project boundary, such as water, sewer, power, telephone, and cable television within the Kuakini Highway Extension ROW, will also be developed in this phase. Phase I is proposed to be built out in the first two years after approval from DLNR and DHHL, subject to negotiating a lease on the DLNR lands and negotiating an agreement with Queen Lili`uokalani Trust on the Kuakini Highway Extension. The improvements are situated on DHHL land, which allow it to be developed as soon as aforementioned conditions are met. Access to the existing Honokohau Harbor and the existing Kealakehe WWTP will continue throughout Phase 1. 1.6.2 Phase 2 The excavation of the 45 -acre marina basin will occur in Phase 2. This first increment of marina construction will exceed 50% of the overall estimated marina cost. Basic marina facilities »_ included in this increment will be the marina utilities, the perimeter treatment/railing and portions of the promenade. Approximately 100 slips will be constructed in this increment. Marina support facilities located on the north boundary of the project and adjacent to the existing r Honokohau Small Boat Harbor will be developed in Phase 2. This area is an extension of the existing harbor lands and may include uses such as additional boat maintenance and repair facilities to support the existing marina and new marina. r Three hotel parcels will be developed in Phase 2. Two of the three parcels are located along the basin's edge. The third parcel is located along the coastline mauka of the 400 -foot shoreline rt setback. The Employee Parking Area and the Project Support Facilities site are also being developed in this phase. Commercial Parcel No. 2, at the intersection of the proposed Kealakehe Parkway Extension and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, will also be developed in Phase 2. Further, several community +. uses are included in Phase 2. The nine acre Community Benefit Development parcel makai of the Commercial Parcel No. 2, the Yacht Club and Big Game Fishing Club are being developed in this phase. The harbor entrance park at the mouth of the existing marina will also receive improvements during Phase 2. The public access ways to the shoreline adjacent to Hotel Parcel No. 1 and its associated parking, trails, and restrooms will also be developed during this phase. r Page 15 M .W Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description W An 80 -foot Right of Way road along the north boundary of the W WTP will be built in this phase, and will provide access to the three hotels that are being developed. Numerous 60 feet ROW roadways are also planned in Phase 2. The utilities that will service the project, such as water, sewer, power, telephone, and cable television within the roadway's ROW mentioned above, will also be developed in Phase 2. Phase 2 is proposed to be built out in the two to five years after the project has been issued its permits and entitlements. Access to the existing Honokohau Harbor and Kealakehe WWTP will continue through this phase on existing and transferring to the new roadways. 1.6.3 Phase 3 Phase 3 includes the second increment of the basic marina facilities. Marina construction for this increment will include further development of the promenade, marina restrooms and parking, expansion of the fuel dock, vessel pumpout station and approximately 400 additional slips. The central water feature that spans from the new Kuakini Highway through the center of the project and flows into the marina basin will be built in Phase 3. This water feature will be the primary amenity for the uses in this portion of the project. Three of the eight time-share parcels will be developed in Phase 3 thereby generating 675 units. Three community uses are also planned for Phase 3. The Marine Science Center will be built along the north edge of the water feature. The Lagoon Park with man-made swimming lagoons will be built on the south edge of the water feature. The last community feature in Phase 3 is the construction of the Canoe Launch and Marina Park at the north edge of the new basin. A mid-level 40 feet ROW roadway connecting the northern and southern side of the project will be constructed in this phase. This roadway will allow Kona residents and visitors to traverse across Kona Kai Ola without having to drive onto the Kuakini Highway extension, thus reducing congestion on Kuakini and retaining local traffic on-site. The utilities within the 40 feet roadway's ROW servicing the uses in this phase, as well as the rest of the project, will be developed concurrently in Phase 3. Phase 3 of the master development plan would be built over the nine-year period. 1.6.4 Phase 4 The fourth and final phase of the project to be built over the 15 year period is comprised of the remaining time-share parcels. Parcels one, two, three, four, and five will be completed in Phase 4. The coastline roadway comprising of 60 feet and 50 feet ROW segments will be built in this final phase. The utilities within these roadways' ROW will be developed concurrently in this phase. The remaining basic marina facilities include building the balance of approximately 300 slips and an additional vessel pumpout station. Page 16 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Introduction and Project Description 1.7 Environmental Process Of the nine land uses or administrative acts that trigger environmental review under HRS 343, the following are relevant to the proposed project: • The project involves State lands; ■ The project site includes lands in the Special Management Area; and ■ The project requires an amendment to the Hawaii County General Plan. An Environmental Impact Statement Preparation Notice (EISPN) was published on July 8, 2006, and comment letters from agencies and citizens were received in July and August of 2006. Responses to the comment letters were mailed in the week of October 20, 2006. A copy of the comment letters and corresponding response letters are included in Appendix A. This DEIS was prepared pursuant to Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS), and the Environmental Impact Statement Rules, Title 11, Chapter 200 of the Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR). This DEIS provides an overview of technical, environmental, social, cultural, and economic aspects of the project. It seeks public input at this stage to allow public and agency concerns to be addressed as part of the Final EIS. This DEIS identifies possible impacts from the Kona Kai Ola project and explores potential mitigation measures to avoid or reduce impacts. There has been significant public input from various stakeholders, governmental agencies and elected officials, to date. Public feedback will continue to be sought throughout this EIS process. 1.8 Proactive Communication Outreach Program In community meetings and presentations of the proposed project, key issues that emerged include the need for improvements of the road infrastructure in the existing area, traffic concerns r on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, the potential impact on the growth of Kona of the proposed number of visitor accommodation units (hotel and time-share), the environmental impact of the marina and the proposed number of slips, concerns about the County of Hawai`i's Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant, the need for community gathering places (parks and other areas to .. play and learn), adequate shoreline setbacks, and greater sensitivity to Hawaiian cultural values. The community's concerns and priorities expressed at these meetings were provided to the Kona Kai Ola planning and design team. Through an iterative planning process, the master development plan was revised and studies were expanded to address the community's concerns. r This planning process, which includes consultation with neighbors and community stakeholders, will help ensure a successful design of Kona Kai Ola. "r Design and planning steps being taken to address these community concerns include: +. Design the overall project to incorporate sustainability with energy efficiency, environmental protection, and pedestrian -friendly designs to enhance community health; Page 17 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii W Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Introduction and Project Description • Plan to create a sustainable ahupua`a by developing a commercial mixed-use development around a new harbor in the makai region, and by developing affordable workforce housing in an area mauka of the project site in the same or adjacent ahupua`a, and connecting the ahupua`a with improved roadways, serviced by a regularly scheduled shuttle. This way, people can live close to where they work, play and learn, thereby lessening their dependence on automobiles; ■ Design and plan for the Kealakehe Parkway extension to Kuakini Highway to be built in the first phase of the project as a major road connecting the harbor area to Kailua-Kona Village; • Evaluate safety issues with the shared entrance channel that may limit the number of slips in the new harbor basin; • Evaluate the market for boat slips that may suggest changes to the number of slips in the new harbor basin; • Include a substantial shoreline park, with a 400 -foot setback, providing increased public shoreline access to recreation areas and protection of culturally significant sites; ■ Perpetuate the cultural history of this land through the inclusion of a cultural center as an integral part of the project; • Include numerous community spaces in the plan including a canoe park, community gathering areas, and cultural center; Include a marine science education center, which will provide new opportunities for local schools to learn about the ocean and the maritime heritage of Hawaii; • Evaluate different options for upgrading the wastewater treatment plant to improve its performance and capacity; Evaluate and analyze potential environmental impacts, and suggested mitigation measures that will be included in a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement. In addition, IDI will establish the Kona Kai Ola Community Foundation as a 501(C)(3) non-profit corporation to promote community efforts such as community development, community health care, job training, educational and cultural programs and projects. The primary target service population includes North Kona, and Hawaii Island residents with a focus on native Hawaiians. JDI will contribute $100,000 as initial funding. Page 18 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Alternatives Analysis 2 Alternatives Analysis In typical land development projects, the initial planning process includes the exploration of alternatives to development objectives. In the EIS process, these alternatives are presented with a disclosure of reasons for the dismissal of non -preferred alternatives. ar Kona Kai Ola does not follow this same pattern of alternatives evaluation. The agreements and leases between the State and JDI stipulate the parameters of development for this site in terms of .r uses, quantities and size of many features, resulting in a limited range of land uses. Unlike a private property project, JDI is required to meet the criteria outlined in the agreements, thereby affording less flexibility in options and uses. From the developer's perspective, the agreements must also provide sufficient flexibility to allow for a development product that responds to market needs and provides a reasonable rate of return on the private investment. .r JDI is required to provide a new marina basin not less than 45 acres and a minimum of 800 new boat slips. Further, the agreements provide the following options for land uses at the project site: w ■ Golf Course ar Retail Commercial Facilities + Hotel Development Parcels r • Marina Development Parcels 0 Community Benefit Development Parcels r. JDI is not pursuing the golf course option and is proposing instead to create various water features throughout the project site. All other optional uses have been incorporated in Kona Kai ,. Ola. + The economic viability and sustainability of the project is determined by the density and uses r proposed. Because JDI is obligated to develop an 800 -slip marina for the State, complete road improvements, and provide various public enhancement features at its own expense, the density proposed for the income generating features of the development must be sufficient to provide an acceptable level of economic return for JDI. The market study, which is discussed in Section 4.6, reviewed various development schemes and determined that the currently proposed density and mix is the optimum to meet the anticipated financing and development cost obligations for the r public features associated with the development. ,. Hence, the only valid alternative to the proposed project is the no -action alternative. In this r alternative, the project site would be left vacant, and the proposed marina, hotel and time-share facilities, commercial and marina industrial complexes, and community -oriented uses would not be realized. r The no -project alternative would therefore not generate adverse impacts associated with the construction and long-term operations would not occur. r r + Page 19 rr Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Alternatives Analysis Likewise, the creation of a master -planned state -initiated development, resulting in increased employment, tax revenue, recreation options and community facilities, would not be created. Privately -funded improvements, such as the marina, regional roadway and circulation improvements, and improvements to the existing wastewater treatment plant, would not be implemented. Private funds toward the development of community -oriented facilities such as parks, other recreational facilities and public access would not be contributed. Further, the creation of revenue producing businesses on the DHHL property to fund homestead programs would not occur, resulting in fewer potential benefits for Hawaiians. Hence, the agreements and leases between the State and JDI indicate that the no -action alternative has been rejected at this time. Page 20 Ind Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3 Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3.1 Climate This western area of the Island of Hawaii is sunnier and significantly dryer than the eastern half of the island. The North Kona region has an average annual rainfall of approximately 15 to 20 inches. Most vegetation cannot flourish in the dry conditions and highly porous lava flows of the project area. Average daily temperatures range from a minimum of 61° F to a maximum of 90° F. Ocean waters offshore range from 72° F to 78° F with temperatures reaching between 80° F to f� 82° F between August and October. (NOAA 2006) 6 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The Kona Kai Ola development will optimize the benefits of the region's climate. The mild climate of Hawaii allows the implementation of architectural features, positioning of structures and use of traditional local materials and features that result in reduced energy costs, improved aesthetics, and culturally -appropriate design. Site temperature can be reduced while maintaining an attractive environment for visitors and the ® community through the use of site vegetation, the incorporation of water features throughout the ■ site, the reduction of dark pavement, and the shading of pathways. Further, JDI will achieve LEED certification for energy efficiency for structures at the Kona Kai Ola development. 3.2 Soils The U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii (1972) indicates that the majority of the soils found in the project area consist of Lava Flow - Pahoehoe (rLW) as shown in Figure G. There is no soil covering and the land is typically bare of vegetation. Lava Flow — A`a (rLV) soils are located along the eastern boundary of the site along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. This lava has practically no soil ' covering as well. All of the lavas on the site emanated from the southwest flanks and upper southwest rift zone of Hualalai. The State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) system assesses lands through a rating system of agricultural suitability. The project site is not classified under the ALISH system. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations 1 Because the lava on this site has practically no soil covering, no impacts are anticipated, and no mitigations are recommended at this time for existing soils. Earth movement and alteration of ' terrain on the site, including importation of top soils, are discussed in Section 3.3. M Page 21 Honokohau Harbor A T 5 Soils 0 Beaches Lava flows, as ' - Lava flows, pahoehoe - Punaluu extremely rocky peat - Water > 40 acres ON Data Located at: NRCS Figure G: Soils Survey Map N Legend we Od1C�sni� +wwwcs,o�.pa.. QProject Site S mmJ �) —••—• Proposed Parkway 0 1,000 2,000 Feet s I-- i )Acozy DEvELOP reNT, itvc. j M r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment w 3.3 Geography, Topography, and Geology Id 3.3.1 Geography and Topography This project is located in the County -designated watersheds of Honokohau and Wai`aha as shown in Figure H. The Honokohau Watershed is relatively small and narrow extending from the active shield volcano, Hualalai, to the ocean. This watershed includes the Honokohau Harbor and the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. The geography of the project area is characteristic of the Kona coast. The steep upland mountain slope to the east gradually gives way to a flat coastal area consisting of volcanic lava flows and a rocky coastline. The shoreline is typically abrupt with a wave carved escarpment dropping to a shallow boulder system ocean floor. Beyond the wave eroded shoreline, the general slope of the volcano continues into the ocean depths. A succession of reef forming coral species inhabit the rock surface out to a depth where growth is limited by a lack of light. Due to the relative youth of the island, reef forming corals have not had sufficient time to develop into geologically significant reef structures. The project shoreline, as with much of the shoreline area north of Kailua-Kona town up to Kawaihae Harbor consists of broad, flat, gently sloped land formed by pahoehoe and a`a lava flows. The average slope of the property from the highway to the shoreline is approximately three percent grade. The slope of the land near the Kona Kai Ola project is almost flat, dipping only 1.5 percent. However, further inland, the flank of Hualalai becomes much steeper. The average slope, above elevation, 400 feet above mean sea level (ft., msl), is seven percent. Q The shoreline is abrupt and rocky with few beaches or accessible shore areas near the project site. The area is mostly unaltered except for the adjacent existing State Honokohau Harbor facility and the grading that has occurred for Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and the construction of the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant. The existing harbor was excavated out of the lava rock. This has resulted in the water level and harbor being 6-10 feet below the surrounding contiguous land at the entrance to the harbor. The highly permeable geology and the low sloping topography result in unique drainage, hydrology, and groundwater issues. 3.3.2 Surface Geology The lavas forming the area surrounding Kona Kai Ola and Honokohau Harbor were erupted from the Hualalai Volcano. The lava flows are of basaltic composition and form pahoehoe and a`a lava flows within the flow units. Hualalai is an active shield volcano that dominates the landscape in and around the Kailua-Kona region. The most recent of the flows near the property flowed just south of the property about 1600 years ago (Moore and Clague, 1991), but Hualalai ' has erupted as recently as 1801. About 15 percent of the surface of Hualalai is covered by flows less than 750 years old and is placed within lava -flow hazard Zone 4 (Wright, 1992). All of the lavas referred to above emanated primarily from the southwest flanks and upper southwest rift zone. Page 23 Data Located at: DLNR Figure H: Watershed Map Legend Watershed OProject Site Honokohau —••— Proposed Parkway - Keahole _ Waiaha N (C W E wwYw}M.W16O-v�o S TnT 2,0 0 00 4,000 Feet J Ll F-- i Jemsr IDEVELOPMOff, INC- ::. i5 k - M Data Located at: DLNR Figure H: Watershed Map Legend Watershed OProject Site Honokohau —••— Proposed Parkway - Keahole _ Waiaha N (C W E wwYw}M.W16O-v�o S TnT 2,0 0 00 4,000 Feet J Ll F-- i Jemsr IDEVELOPMOff, INC- Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3.3.3 Subsurface Geology The surface geology of the area has been well mapped. Only recently has the subsurface geology been studied in greater detail due to the numerous water wells that have been drilled over the last �^ 15 years, offshore submarine mapping by the USGS, and recent geophysical studies associated with groundwater exploration. The USGS used side -scan sonar to map large and distinct submarine landslides, slumps, and debris fields west of the South and North Kona coast. The offshore bathymetry shows very abrupt changes in depth that suggest faulting and tectonic w adjustments within Hualdlai Volcano and Mauna Loa. The North Kona Slump, a landside older than 130,000 years, left a large escarpment that was covered over by more recent subaerial lava flows. r 3.3.4 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The proposed project will impact the site due to excavation and grading. Most of the excavation will occur within the proposed marina basin. The average depth of the proposed marina would be �. approximately ten feet below sea level. Existing ground elevation around the proposed harbor r area varies from 0 to 30 feet above mean sea level. Other areas of excavation will occur to "step" surrounding lands down to the marina, and to lower level areas planned for shore -side seawater ^- lagoons. Since the majority of the site is rock, excavation operation will likely be accomplished by a .. combination of blasting and physical excavation similar to methods used for the initial harbor construction. The excavated material could then be used for areas that require fill. The excavated material will need to be processed in such a manner to accommodate the development. An updated topographic survey will be prepared by a Land Surveyor registered in the State of Hawai `i. This topographic survey map will provide a more accurate description of the topography and ground elevations that will be used for purposes of preparing construction grading plans. _ A construction waste management plan that seeks to reduce over 50 percent of the waste generated during construction would be consistent with LEED criteria. Further, reduction of the need to dispose excavated material would be accomplished through the beneficial re -use of the material for on-site fill and the creation of building materials, as concrete aggregate, landscaping, and stonework. r Because of the highly porous geology, it is likely that surface generated sediments will enter groundwater in the advent of significant rainfall during grading. Because this ground water could +r enter the new harbor area, the final harbor opening to the existing harbor will be opened only after all major site grading has occurred. The use of silt curtains will minimize the suspended sediment entering the ocean when the new harbor basin is opened to the existing harbor. Page 25 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3.4 Natural Drainage Due to the low rainfall levels in the project area (15-20 inches average annual rainfall — (NOAA 2006)), and the lack of streams or other major drainage ways in the immediate area, it appears that there is not a significant amount of storm water currently flowing across the property. Further, no natural gulches, streams or defined drainage ways are located on the project site. Even in the event of heavy rainfall, which is more than two inches in one hour, (NOAA 2006), the porous nature of the ground is such that sheet flowing to the shore does not occur. The naturally occurring precipitation mostly infiltrates into the ground. Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Low points will be created at roadway intersections to allow storm runoff to stay within the proposed roadways and not into developable parcels. Mitigation measures will include the provision of storm drains and drywells at strategic locations to intercept storm runoff from the roadways and lead it into the ground. Compliance with public regulations will further mitigate project impacts. According to Chapter 10 of Hawai `i County Code, all grading, grubbing, and stockpiling permits and operations shall conform to the erosion and sediment control standards and guidelines established by the Department of Public Works in conformity with Chapter 180C, Hawaii Revised Statutes. Further, a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit will be required prior to the County's issuance of a grading permit. 3.5 Air Quality An air quality study was prepared by B.D. Neal & Associates and is included in Appendix C. The purpose of the study was to describe existing air quality in the project area and to assess short- and long-term, direct and indirect air quality impacts that could result from construction and use of the proposed facilities as planned. 3.5.1 Existing Condition Current air quality in the project area is mostly affected by air pollutants from vehicular, industrial, natural, and/or agricultural sources. Volcanic emissions also periodically plague the project area. Air pollutant emissions from the Hawaiian volcanoes consist primarily of sulfur dioxide. Though Kilauea is more than 50 miles east of the project site, southwesterly winds carry emissions known as volcanic haze (vog) into the area. The major industrial source of air pollution in the project vicinity is Hawaii Electric Light Company's Kedhole Power Plant, which is located four miles to the north. Air pollution emissions from Kedhole Power Plant consist mostly of sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway is the region's major arterial roadway. Emissions from vehicles are carried toward the project area by nighttime downslope winds, while afternoon onshore winds cavy emissions away from the project. Page 26 0 Ob Kealakehe. North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Enwonmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment During the most recent 5 -year period for which data has been reported (2000-2004), the Department of Health operated an air quality monitoring site in the Kealakekua area for measuring sulfur dioxide. During the sulfur dioxide monitoring, measurements showed concentrations to be consistently low, representing about 10 percent of the state and national standard. No exceedances of the state/national 3 -hour and 24-hour AAQS for sulfur dioxide were r recorded. 3.5.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The project will have short and long term air quality impacts. Construction -related impacts include fugitive dust from vehicle movement and soil excavation, as well as exhaust emissions from on-site construction equipment. Additionally, there could also be indirect short-term .. impacts from slow-moving construction equipment traveling to and from the project site, from a temporary increase in local traffic caused by commuting construction workers, and from the disruption of normal traffic flow caused by lane closures of adjacent roadways. After construction is completed, motor vehicles coming to and from the proposed development will result in a long-term increase in air pollution emissions in the project area. To assess the rr impact of emissions from these vehicles, a computerized air quality modeling study was undertaken to estimate current ambient concentrations of carbon monoxide at intersections in the ^* project vicinity and to predict future levels both with and without the proposed project. Predicted ,r Worst -Case 1 -hour concentrations for all scenarios were within both the national and state ambient air quality standards. In the year 2020 without the proposed project, concentrations remained about the same or decreased compared to the existing case. In the year 2020 with the project, predicted concentrations increased at three locations compared to the "without" project scenario, but values remained within state and federal standards. Mitigation measures during the construction phase will be employed based on an effective dust control plan. Further, all construction activities will comply with State Air Pollution Control regulations and the provisions of Section 11-60.1-33, HAR. All grading operations will be conducted in full compliance with dust and erosion control requirements of the County of Hawai`i's Grading Ordinance. Additional measures to mitigate increased vehicular emissions due to disruption of traffic by construction and/or commuting construction workers will include moving equipment and personnel to the site during off-peak hours. After construction of the project, implementation of air quality mitigation measures for long - r term traffic impacts are not needed, as projected emissions are expected to remain within both state and national air quality standards. Page 27 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii 3.6 Natural Hazards 3.6.1 Earthquakes Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Natural Environment In Hawaii, the Uniform Building Code provisions contain six seismic zones, ranging from 0 (no chance of severe ground shaking) to 4 (10 percent chance of severe shaking in a 50 -year interval. The most recent earthquake occurred on October 15, 2006 with magnitude 6.7 earthquake and aftershocks, with epicenters off the northwest coast of the Island of Hawaii. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations New construction on the project site could be impacted by seismic activity resulting in destruction and possible injury or loss of life. In general, however, the risk of earthquakes should impose no specific major constraint on the project as the entire West Hawaii region is subject to varying degrees of hazards. Primary mitigation to address the impacts of seismic activity is in conformance with provisions of the Uniform Building Code appropriate to the Zone 4 Seismic Probability Rating and any other local, State or Federal requirements. 3.6.2 Flood As shown in Figure I, the current flood zone designation for the area is Zone X, with the exception of a small area near the coast which is Zone AE and VE. Zone X designation is areas determined to be outside of the 500 -year flood plain. Zone AE designation has the base flood determined. Zone VE designation is coastal flood with velocity hazard (wave action); base flood elevations determined. Flood elevations within the AE and VE flood zone designation are 8 and 9 feet above mean sea level. This flood zone designation extends inland from the coast approximately 400 feet. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation Base flood elevations and flood area designations will most likely change if the marina is expanded as proposed. Further, buildings, primarily along the perimeter of the enlarged marina, along the entrance to the marina and along the shoreline, could be negatively impacted by flooding. Mitigation measures to address flooding impacts include siting the proposed coastline developments out of the current Zone AE and VE flood zones. Further, finished pad elevations will be kept above base flood elevations per the Flood Insurance Rate Map. Average grades of the proposed coastline developments are well above the current base flood elevations of 8 and 9 feet. Grades for specific development areas should fall in the following ranges: Time-share 2 - 20 feet to 30 feet Time-share 4 - 35 feet to 45 feet Hotel - 20 feet to 50 feet Page 28 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement IN Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3.6.3 Tsunamis and Hurricanes Approximately half of the project site is located within a tsunami inundation zone as shown in Figure J. Structures currently proposed in the tsunami evacuation zone include time-shares, the expanded marina, roadways, infrastructure, and various accessory commercial uses. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations Most of the area subject to tsunami is within the planned 400 -ft shoreline setback. This area could also be subject to high surf, hurricane -force winds, and coastal flooding due to its location along the shoreline. Expansion of the harbor may exacerbate these threats. Tsunamis and hurricanes can affect on-site users and structures. First, public safety is of paramount concern, and an effective evacuation plan needs to be prepared and implemented. As noted on the County ofHawai `i Tsunami Evacuation Map, the Honokohau Harbor area would be evacuated to Kealakehe High School mauka of the project site up Kealakehe Parkway. The Kailua-Kona Police Station would serve as the emergency response agency. The police station is located mauka of the project site on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. The intersection of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and the current Honokohau Harbor Road is one of fourteen intersections designated for manned roadblocks. Second, structural damage can result. The damage of tsunami and hurricane events can be minimized through conformance with County requirements and design standards prescribed by Chapter 27 of the Hawai `i County Code relating to flood control and requirements for construction in a tsunami zone. 3.6.4 Lava Flows Recent geological mapping estimates the age of the pahoehoe lava flow surrounding the Honokohau area at 5,000 to 10,000 years ago. This flow in turn is overlain by two pahoehoe and a`a flow units that have been dated at approximately 3,000-4,000 years old, respectively. Just south of the Honokohau Harbor is a more recent pahoehoe and a`a lava flow unit dated at approximately 1,500 years old. The last eruption from Hualalai was in 1801 from the southwest rift zone at Ka-`u-pulehu. This project site is located in Volcano Hazard Zone 4, where only a small percentage of the area has been covered with lava in the past 10,000 years. Large eruptions of lava reach the ocean on average about every 300 years. The percentage of Hualalai that has been covered by lava in the last 750 years is less than 15 percent. The last eruption from Hualalai was in 1801 from the southwest rift zone at Ka-`u-pulehu (Stearns and Macdonald, 1946). The project could be subject to damage from lava flows from Mauna Loa, if such flows were to occur, as shown in Figure K. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations While unlikely, the threat of a volcanic flow to this site poses a minimal threat. Mitigation measures include the preparation, notification and evacuation of on-site users and working with Hawaii County, State and Federal emergency response agencies. Page 30 1 I I I H C O C� KObko R •. Honokohau Honokohauj Harbor Hmolw m HanokoMu SnN eat HorbW KaalMra point Pawai Bay Zone 4 Includes all of Hualalai. Moore and others (1987) estimate that large eruptions reach the ocean about once every 300 years, a recurrence interval significantly lower than for either Kilauea or Mauna Loa. Lava coverage is proportionally smaller, about 5 percent since 1800, and less than 15 percent within the last 750 years. Figure K: Volcanic Hazard Map Legend OProject Site —••—• Proposed Parkway N WE S 0 1,000 2,000 Feet Caa� oceanic. JACOBY DEVELOPMENT, INC. Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3.6.5 ' Brush Fires In Hawaii, wildfires occur on all six major islands: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Maui, and Hawaii Island. Unlike the continental United States, Hawai`i's ecosystem, like that of other Pacific islands, is not adaptive to wildfire. Humans are the number one cause of wildfires in the r state of Hawaii and the number of wildfires is increasing (PDC 2006). ,■ Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations "t This project will be required to be designed and built to comply with all building and fire code requirements. These requirements will be met through the building permit process and through consultation with the Hawaii County Fire Department. r 3.7 Terrestrial Environment do 3.7.1 Flora rr Robert Hobdy, Environmental Consultant, conducted a comprehensive botanical survey of the proposed Kona Kai Ola development site. The purpose of the survey was to document existing plant species, document the status and abundance of each species, determine the presence of any ® native flora particularly any that are Federally -listed as Threatened or Endangered, and to determine if the project area contains any special habitats which if lost or altered might result in a significant negative impact on the flora in this part of the island. His report is contained in Appendix D. 3.7.1.1 Existing Conditions The property is situated on a lava plain and vegetation is sparse. Near the northern part of the site, vegetation was slightly denser but the majority of the native plants were found along the r coastline in the area of upcast sand and coral deposited on the lava. A total of 42 plant species were observed during the survey. Most of the species that dominate the area are non-native. The project site consists mainly of hardy dryland grasses and shrubs, with very few scattered trees. The most abundant species is fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum). Also common are `uhaloa (Waltheria indica), natal redtop (Melinis repens), koa haole (Leucaena leucocephala), mai`a pilo (Capparis sandwichiana) and kolu (klu - English) (Acaciafarnesiana). ' Three species are endemic to Hawaii, including hinahina (Heliotropium anomalum var. m agrenteum), pa`u-o-Hi`iaka (Jacquemontia ovalifolia subsp. sandivicensis) and mai`a pilo w (Capparis sandwichiana). Additionally, nine species are indigenous to Hawaii as well as other Pacific islands, as follows: ■ mau`u `aki`aki (Fimbristylis cymosa); • `akulikuli (Sesuvium portulacastrum); r • koali `awahia (Ipomoea indica); • pohuehue (Ipomoea pes-caprae); 0 Page 33 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment or P ■ naupaka kahakai (Scaevola taccada); • `ilima (Sida fallax); , ■ alena (Boerhavia repens L.) • alahe`e (Psydrax odorata); • `uhaloa (Waltheria indica). Three species are Polynesian introductions, brought here during the course of their migrations and include niu (Cocos mucifera), milo (Thespesia populnea), and nom (Morinda citrifolia). The remaining twenty seven species are non-native plants. There were no endangered or threatened plants found on the property and as stated, most of the area consisted of grasses with ■- few native species. The 22 -acre Kuakini Highway extension area has identical flora habitat. 3.7.1.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations ,. The coastal strip itself is never more than 400 feet wide and consists of upcast sand and coral which overlays a jagged and scenic lava landscape between the Honokohau Harbor, past Noio , Point, to the property boundary at Kaiwi Point. Nine native species grow in the area, including the silvery hinahina, which is used for making lei. To mitigate project impacts, a 400 -foot strip extending back from the shoreline will be protected, as there are native species that dominate the area. It is recommended that this area be left intact, as it would be difficult to develop and it is occasionally inundated with powerful surf. For the remainder of the property, there is little of botanical concern, and the proposed changes should have little significant negative impacts on the botanical resources in this part of Kona. 3.7.2 Fauna W r, Rana Productions, Ltd. conducted an avian and terrestrial mammalian species survey of the project site. The purpose of the survey was to determine if any avian or mammalian species currently listed as endangered, threatened, or proposed for listing under either the federal or the r State of Hawai`i's endangered species programs are on, or within the immediate vicinity of the proposed development site. This report is contained in Appendix E. Ip 1h 3.7.2.1 Existing Conditions w Three mammalian species were observed and detected during the survey. Feral dogs (Canis f. familiaris), Indian mongoose (Herpesetes a. auropuncatatus), and cats (Felis catus) were r encountered around the site. Signs of scat from these animals were also found throughout the m site. These mammals are alien to the islands. Hawaii's only endemic mammalian species, the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat was not detected during the survey. ■` The findings of the mammalian survey are consistent with at least one other faunal survey conducted on a portion of the subject property in 2001, as well as with other surveys conducted within the lowland, fountain grass dominated areas in North Kona. The Hawaiian hoary bat was m not detected during the survey. However, it has been seen to over -fly the site, including the Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant and the Honokohau Harbor on a seasonal basis. The site is unable to sustain the bat and lacks necessary components for roosting and feeding. I7 Page 34 0 ■Y Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment Although no rodents were detected during the survey, it is likely that four rodent species utilize various resources found within the project site. These include roof rats (Rattus r. rattus), Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), European house mice (Mus domesticus), and possibly Polynesian rats r (Rattus exulans hawaiiensis). Without conducting a trapping program, it is difficult to assess the population densities of these often hard -to -see alien mammals. .t A total of 183 individual birds of 18 different species, representing 13 separate families, were recorded during station counts. An additional two species, including the Black -necked Stilt (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) and Ruddy Tumstone (Arenaria interpres), were recorded as rt incidental observations while transiting the study area between count stations. The subspecies of the Black -stilt is endemic to Hawaii and is an endangered species. tW While most of the species are alien to the Hawaiian Islands, the Black -crowned Night -Heron (Nycticorax hoactli) is an indigenous resident breeding species. Indigenous migratory species *� include Pacific Golden -Plover (Pluviales fulva), Wandering Tattler (Heteroscelus incanus), and W Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres). .. The Zebra Dove (Geopilia striata) and the House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis) accounted for about 46 percent of the total number of birds. The Zebra Dove was also the most common species recorded during the survey. The diversity and density of avian species were extremely low, as expected given the dry and m harsh conditions of the project site. The findings were consistent to earlier surveys conducted on the property in 2001 as well as other surveys conducted within the lowland, fountain grass dominated areas in North Kona. Due to the conditions of the project site, it is unable to sustain the nesting of native avian species. The 22 -acre area that would be developed as the Kuakini .. Highway extension has similar habitats and similar fauna characteristics. The Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant, however, has been a viable nesting area for waterbirds along the Kona coast. Although not detected during this survey, it is possible that small numbers of the endangered endemic Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sanchvichensis), and the threatened Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis newelli) fly over the project area between the months of May and November. +� 3.7.2.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations The developed area of the project does not appear to be valuable habitat used by native birds or r mammals. Therefore, it is not expected that the development of the proposed Kona Kai Ola property will have significant impacts on native avian or mammalian resources present within the North Kona District. m Development typically does have a potential impact on Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's *. Shearwaters as they could be disoriented and downed because of exterior lighting associated 0 with the various businesses and marina operations. Page 35 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Natural Environment Recommended measures to mitigate project -related impacts include the use of shielded external lighting to minimize the disorientation of flying nocturnal Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters. Also shielding would be needed to comply with Hawaii County Code § 14-50 et seq. which requires the shielding of exterior lights so as to lower the ambient glare caused by unshielded lighting to the astronomical observatories located on Mauna Kea. To provide additional habitat for shorebirds and some visiting seabirds, the project proposes to construct a brackish water pond area suitable for avian fauna, including stilts, coots and ducks. This is a positive impact and water features will constitute a managed ecosystem that will protect these species. 3.8 Water Resources 3.8.1 Groundwater In the State Water Resource Protection Plan, aquifers of the Island of Hawaii have been classified based on a coding system that identifies and describes these aquifers. This classification is made up of Aquifer Sectors and Aquifer Systems. Aquifers are composed of Sectors further broken down into Systems as shown in Figure L. The aquifer, which underlies the entire project area, is identified as follows: Aquifer Sector: Hualalai (Identified as 4809 with a total estimated sustainable yield of 56 mgd) • Aquifer System: Keauhou (Identified as #80901with an estimated sustainable yield of 38 mgd) This aquifer system is 167 square miles extending from Kainaliu in the south to Hualalai's southwest rift zone in the north. Basal groundwater in aquifer systems of Hualalai consist of volcanic geological formations known to extend at least four miles inland to Mamalahoa Highway. High-level groundwater is encountered between 1,600 and 1,800 feet above mean sea level in recently drilled wells. A groundwater hydrology study by Waimea Water Services (WWS) with water chemistry analytical assistance from AECOS Laboratory of Hawaii, LLC has been completed as part of this DEIS. The objective of the study was to determine baseline groundwater conditions, effect of ocean tides on groundwater flow, and to predict potential impacts from the proposed development. Locations of the monitoring wells used for the study are shown in Figure M. Water quality data and flow information determined .from this study were used to model water quality impacts in the existing harbor, the proposed marina and the nearshore environment. The Groundwater Hydrology Study is contained in Appendix F. Page 36 0 I& Sr y. G N Q. nn. L:c .r d�n ➢ .j •�(10 1 L c aniSt _rt 3�ti. J r,7 a i 2� r D p I` `s A � lllil�ll�ii 1 i Not to � I Source: MACTEC Engineering & Consulting, Inc. Figure M: Boring Locations Legend Deep Well Monitoring Location 4� Boring Locations within Planned Marina t•• General Subsurface Boring Locations 0 1 J Z#.w . 3 TTIT 0 2,000 4,000 Feet � Ll I-- i JecosYnFv�oremvr,nvc. � Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3.8.1.1 Existing Conditions Groundwater resources of the area have been examined in at least four previous studies in the last decade. There are several potential sources of groundwater contamination up-slope of the project site including: Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant — aeration ponds; 0 Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant — disposal sump (— 0.8 mgd treated effluent); uw 0 Kailua-Kona Landfill, unlined, closed but reported to be burning underground; A„0 Kona Light -Industrial district, potential source of numerous small quantities of pollutants; Rock Quarry operations. �ww Results of several previous studies on the quality and flow of groundwater indicate that the shallow basal lens is highly permeable and is affected by the ocean tides. The tidal variation at the shoreline results in variable groundwater flow direction (Bauer 2003). Numerical modeling of the groundwater flow system in the area quantified the overall recharge w and discharge of groundwater throughout the shoreline, but did not have sufficient details for the Honokohau area (Oki, USGS 1999). The National Park Service conducted water quality monitoring in shallow wells within the park to identify potential impacts of pollutants from light industrial activities mauka of the park to the ponds within the Kaloko-Honokohau National Park. Pollutants at very low concentrations were ,., measured in this study. 3.8.1.2 Groundwater Flow and Quality Previous studies estimated the groundwater discharge through the site to vary from 1.35 to 3 million gallons per day (mgd). The present studies by W WS indicate that the groundwater discharge occurs within a 20 -foot thick layer just below the water table and discharges 3 to 4 mgd per shoreline mile. The top 10 -foot layer of brackish groundwater under the site has a salinity ranging from 8 to 12 parts per thousand (ppt). A salinity of 16 ppt (50 percent seawater) is reached at a depth of about 20 feet and salinity of 34 ppt (97 percent seawater) is found at a r depth of 80 feet. Groundwater in the project area is brackish with chloride concentrations ranging from 2 ppt to 6 ppt. Salinity closer to the ocean varied from 4.5 ppt to 12 ppt. At the basal springs and the pond area salinity varied from 9 ppt to 34 ppt (Oki et al). Nutrient and priority pollutant water chemistry was measured in the project area at six locations: Well -2, Well -6, Quarry well, National Park Service Well, the Harbor Spring, and the Kealakehe " WWTP effluent. Complete results are shown in the Appendix F. The water quality sampling program found that groundwater mauka of the WWTP showed total nitrogen concentrations of 1.20 mg/l. Although the concentration of total nitrogen in the effluent r from WWTP was as high as 5.09 mg/l., groundwater makai of the WWTP showed relatively low concentration of total nitrogen at 0.59 mg/1, and high concentrations of phosphorus. Page 39 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment �r In addition, trace amounts (I-10 gg/L) of chromium, copper, nickel, selenium, and zinc were also detected in the groundwater. A semi -volatile organic compound, phenol, was also detected in groundwater at concentrations ranging from 4 to 10 gg/1. 3.8.1.3 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The excavation for the construction of the proposed marina will impact the existing pattern of groundwater flow at the Kona Kai Ola site by intercepting freshwater flows. Groundwater currently flowing toward the ocean south of the existing harbor will flow into the proposed ^- marina and then to the ocean through the harbor entrance. Because the proposed marina is to the south and does not extend as far inland as the existing harbor, any impacts to groundwater flow will likely be limited to lands south of the existing harbor. No impacts to the groundwater flow in the rest of the project site are anticipated from the proposed development. Secondary impacts to land and aquatic resources, from the change in the localized groundwater flow pattern in the project area, are addressed in section 3.9.3.2. 3.8.2 Surface Water There are no significant natural freshwater streams or ponds other than brackish anchialine ponds " on and around the project location. The anchialine ponds are discussed further in Section 3.9.3. Precipitation from moist higher elevations percolates rapidly due to high permeability of the natural ground surface. No natural gulches or waterways for surface run off have been formed. The site receives an annual average of only 13 inches of rainfall a year. A one-year 24-hour storm delivers only 3 inches of rainfall (1962, rainfall -Frequency Atlas of the Hawaiian Islands). `t Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation 5P a The site will have varying degrees of impermeable surfaces depending on the final design and materials used. The increase of impermeable surfaces and roofs of buildings will change the IA runoff/seepage pattern and probably cause an increase in the runoff volume. .� According to proposed design guidelines, primarily only areas immediately adjacent to buildings and other built features will be planted or irrigated. Irrigation water for these small planted areas will be provided primarily from recycled water, brackish well water, and condensate from air conditioning systems. Landscaping that is developed will potentially add both water from irrigation and dissolved nutrients, either from localized fertilizer application or from the use of recycled wastewater. Pesticide use is likely to be a general part of landscape maintenance with the potential for runoff pollution. Page 40 r-7 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment r The increase of runoff volume and possible leaching of fertilizers from landscaped areas can cause impacts to receiving waters. Measures to mitigate project impacts will include conformance with related public regulations. All drainage systems are required to be engineered to satisfy all County requirements through Hawaii County Department of Public Works (DPW) review. In excess of these requirements, each parcel will be required through the Design Guidelines to provide complete retention of the 1 -year 24-hour rainfall runoff. The areas that increase the runoff volume such as the landscaped areas and those immediately adjacent to buildings and other roof drainage facilities will provide retention and seepage. Natural volcanic rock surface in other areas will be retained wherever possible. The use of chemical fertilizers will be limited or preferably not used at all for the landscaping "^ features. Use of organic fertilizers like composted vegetation would mitigate nutrient concentration in runoff and seepage water. Where ever possible irrigation will use recovered or recycled water and should be applied as sub -surface drip irrigation to minimize evaporation and runoff. V The use of hardy, native xeriscape planting that need lower amounts of water and fertilizers are !+, recommended to be used for landscaping features. Further, drywells will be constructed in 4 appropriate locations with rain run off directed to these by a drainage system. 3.9 Marine Environment and Aquatic Ecosystems Marine waters inside the Honokohau Harbor are classified "Class A" by the State of Hawaii Department of Health as shown in Figure N. It is the objective of Class A waters that their use for recreational purposes and aesthetic enjoyment be protected. Waters outside of the existing marina are classified "AA" by the State of Hawaii Department of Health. It is the objective of class AA waters that these waters remain in their natural pristine state as nearly as possible with an absolute minimum of pollution or alteration of water quality from any human -caused sources or actions. To the extent practicable, the wilderness character of these areas shall be protected. 3.9.1 Nearshore Environment and Coastal Waters 3.9.1.1 Existing Conditions in Coral and fish communities within Honokohau Bay and off the Kona Kai Ola site are generally typical of West Hawaii reefs, with little evidence of anthropogenic impacts. Species composition of corals was typical for Kona reefs, with Lobe coral (Porites lobata) and Rose - Coral (Pocillopora meandrina) abundant in the shallow and mid -reef zones and Finger Coral ' (Porites compressa) more abundant in deeper zones. Highest coral abundance was observed at locations immediately to the north and south of the Honokohau Harbor entrance channel. Coral cover at locations north and south of these were not statistically significantly different; however, reefs to the north of Honokohau Harbor in general showed higher coral cover than reefs to the south, primarily because the southern reefs are more exposed to strong surf and associated damage and scour. Page 41 ►l Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment Water quality conditions within Honokohau Harbor, adjacent anchialine ponds and coastal waters of Honokohau Bay are modified by the effects of groundwater influx. Oceanic Institute in u, conjunction with AECOS Laboratory of Hawaii, LLC completed water quality testing and marine biological baseline monitoring surveys as a part of this Environmental Impact Statement. These surveys were conducted to determine the existing water quality, aquatic resources and habitats within and adjacent to Honokohau Harbor, the proposed Kona Kai Ola site, and at sites potentially impacted by the proposed development. w It is known and documented that freshwater intrusion into the current marina and near shore areas causes many water quality parameters to deviate from typical nearshore waters that are unaffected by large amounts of groundwater. Specific criteria established by the State Department of Health for conducting baseline water quality surveys along the Kona Coast of the Island of Hawaii and guidelines established by the West Hawaii Coastal Monitoring Task Force were followed in water sampling and analysis procedures ()WHCMTF 1992). Water quality testing efforts were coordinated with Waimea Water Services and Oceanic Institute to select proper sites for groundwater/springs. Water samples were collected from all significant anchialine ponds located within the project boundaries, on either side of the harbor entrance channel. Pollutant testing was limited to ones that are reasonable to be suspected on or near the site. Testing parameters were discussed with the National Park Service and other stakeholder agencies. The report on Marine Water Quality and Marine Biological Baseline Studies and Impact Analysis is included in Appendix G. Coastal waters of the site are seen as a continuous and interconnected system from the shallow low salinity groundwater flowing through the harbor, anchialine ponds, and emerging into the ocean through the harbor mouth and sub -surface springs. The less dense brackish water with its load of land -derived nutrients enters the nearshore water and spreads out as a surface layer. The .. degree of mixing and impacts to nearshore marine resources is determined by coastal currents, wind waves, and ocean swells. Currently 3 to 4 mgd of brackish water with salinities of about 5 ppt flow through the existing ,. harbor into the ocean. The proposed development includes marine features mauka of the proposed marina. The marine features will be supplied with up to 75 mgd of clean salt water from 100 to 300 foot depth for marine wildlife exhibits. This water will be discharged into the proposed marina and will flow back eventually into the ocean. The salinity of the discharge water from the marina will be about 34 ppt and the average discharge volume will be 79 mgd. i 3.9.1.2 Methodologies and Studies ar The model analysis for mixing and water flow through the existing harbor and the proposed marina included existing water exchange between harbor and ocean and the future water exchange resulting from the expanded marina area and the discharge from the marine water r features. The model results include three dimensional water flow patterns as well as water quality distribution details. Page 43 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3.9.1.3 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation Oceanit completed a Zone of Mixing study that is contained in Appendix H. This study was tasked with determining the mixing and dispersion of flows emerging from the harbor into the adjacent shallow nearshore waters. To accomplish this, data from previous studies were reviewed and field research was conducted to measure stratification and currents adjacent to the harbor entrance and out into the ocean. A "Zone of Mixing" area was determined outside of which there is no discernable influence to water quality from the existing harbor effluent. This information was used to assess impact from modifications to groundwater inflow from marina expansion, and the seawater effluent flow from the marine water features. In the existing Honokohau Harbor, water quality issues focus on the potential for pollutants, sediments, mixing and discharge into the nearshore marine waters. Before the harbor was constructed, any pollutants entrained within the groundwater were believed to have been diffused over a broad coastline. The water for the water features will be pumped from 100 to 300 foot depth. The total amount of water supplied to the water features will be 75 million gallons per day. The rate of pumping is designed to achieve rapid turnover of water within the ponds and to prevent build up of pollutants from marine animals and users. Currently, the nutrient concentrations at the existing marina entrance are very high (1,200ug/I of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and 83 ug/I of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP)). The intake water for the features has low levels of nutrients (185 ug/l TDN and 5.6 ug of TDP). Although the total amount of nutrients that will be generated per day will increase from the nutrient output of marine animals and users, the concentration of the nutrients will be lower due to the large amount of water available for mixing within the basin. The overall impact will be a reduction of nutrient concentration in the outflowing water. The boats used in the marina will be small, and spills could occur from boats or while fuelling. These amounts in a majority of cases will be relatively small. The entrance to the marina is relatively narrow and in case of a fuel spill, the traffic will be stopped and a containment boom will be installed to contain the spill within the basin. Adequate numbers of containment booms, absorption units and oil removal facilities will be at the fueling station and also provided to an identified emergency response station. Personnel will be trained to respond in case of a spill. In addition, the local fire station, police and civil defense and other agencies will be informed in case of a larger spill. Page 44 0 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment The proposed new marina would significantly increase the size of the water body, but would utilize the existing marina entrance for access to the ocean. The proposed marina basin to the south will intercept additional groundwater, adding these flows to the existing harbor outflow. The proposed marina will therefore not result in any significant increase in groundwater flow to the coastline, but rather a concentration of the existing flows to the harbor entrance. There will be an expanded zone of mixing between the brackish effluent and the surrounding ocean waters due to the concentration of flows at the harbor mouth. The addition of effluent water from the marine water features will result in an additional increase outflow across the marina entrance from 4 mgd at present to 79 mgd after development of the marine water features. The effluent from the marine water features will contain low amounts of nutrients because of the high flow through. The large amount of water will dilute any pollutants that enter the harbor basin from groundwater or surface water. This will improve the water quality and will be a positive impact on the nearshore environment. Despite its proximity to the WWTP, sewers do not service the existing adjacent State harbor or r surrounding private structures. All sewage from existing facilities is treated in on-site septic _ systems with resulting effluent flowing to groundwater that almost certainly flows directly to the existing harbor. Under post -development conditions all of these flows would be connected to the Kona Kai Ola sewage system resulting in a positive impact by eliminating this existing pollutant _ load into the harbor. Sewage from facilities at the existing marina will be connected to the Kona Kai Ola sewage system. Sumps, connection lines and pumping facilities will be constructed to M move the sewage from the present septic tank systems directly to the larger collection system. The work needed for this conversion will be included in the sewage infrastructure design and construction. Hydrogeological studies have concluded that the expansion of the marina does not increase the groundwater flux through the harbor mouth into the ocean significantly. The groundwater from the brackish aquifer already converges to the existing harbor and does not show flow across the planned marina basin area into the ocean. M It is estimated that the average groundwater discharge is 3 to 4 million gallons per day (mgd). The salinity of the water that discharges from the brackish aquifer is about 12 percent of seawater or about 4.3 parts per thousand (ppt). In addition, 52,000 gallons per minute of surface .. seawater (36 ppt) will be pumped from the nearshore area for use in the marine lagoon features. This amounts to approximately 75 mgd. This water eventually is discharged into the harbor basin and into the ocean. This water is not expected to reach the existing marina basin because the proposed basin connects to the existing one very close to the common entrance. Therefore the impacts to the existing marina environment from the additional discharge are expected to be negligible. M At present the depth averaged salinity of the water exiting the existing basin is about 33.5 ppt close to the marina entrance. The brackish water stays at the surface and shows its influence for distance of about 2,000 feet. Salinity at the marina entrance, at 10 foot depth is not affected by the brackish water discharge. The benthic flora and fauna close to the marina entrance and at less than 10 feet water depth face variations of salinity from 34.5 ppt to 36.0 ppt. r� Page 45 Kealakehe. North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment A straight forward mass balance calculation shows the following changes to the existing flow and salinity. The average outflow from the harbor will increase from 4 mgd to 79 mgd. The salinity of the water will change from an average of 33.5 ppt to about 34.4 ppt. The water will still be less dense, and the depth of impact will be limited to the surface 3 to 4 feet. The benthic flora and fauna will face a smaller variation in salinity that will discourage opportunistic biota dominance and lead to a healthier and more diverse benthic community. This is a positive impact on the benthic environment. The increase in the outflow will cause a very slight increase in water velocities, but this is well below the existing velocity variations in the entrance channel vicinity. Construction of a new marina basin will have short term negative impacts on coastal marine resources. Direct construction impacts are likely to be small. Marina construction will be accomplished with a berm separating the construction area from adjacent marine waters, minimizing the discharge of sediment from excavation and dredging. When the final land bridge is removed, a temporary sediment plume is anticipated. Silt curtains will be used to minimize the suspended sediment entering ocean waters. The new marina will serve as a collection point for materials utilized or generated at the development site, either through direct runoff or by interception of groundwater flow. There is the potential that fertilizers, pesticides, petroleum products, road wastes, etc, could be discharged from the mouth of Honokohau Harbor into the coastal marine environment. Small boat harbors have been found to be consistent sources of certain types of pollutants to the surrounding environment. These pollutants in general include: ■ Heavy metals (zinc, copper, tin, lead) associated with bottom paint or sanding of painted surfaces during maintenance activities; ■ Petroleum product release from fueling operations, and bilge discharges exacerbated by the large number of boats and range of operator skills; ■ Trash and debris from boat operations and surrounding harbor activities; Sewage from intentional or accidental releases from on -board waste systems; • Biological waste from fish cleaning; ■ Waste streams from land -side boat washing and maintenance activities; Most of the impacts can be minimized through the use of Best Management Practices (BMP), which are a combination of activities, education and devices that help prevent or reduce water pollution. A "Clean Marina Program" similar to the International Blue Flag Marina Program or the Clean Marinas California Program will be implemented at the new marina and include key elements such as promoting and enforcing: • Boater education signage, literature and programs • Emergency and spill response plans • Safe fuel, hazardous material, sewage and bilge water handling practices ■ Use of sewage marina pump out, waste and oil recycling facilities • Environmentally sensitive boat maintenance and cleaning practices Environmentally sensitive hull cleaning practices Page 46 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment • Good housekeeping practices on boats and docks • Use of fish cleaning stations / receptacles and fish waste composting ■ Enforcement of harbor rules and regulations 3.9.2 Wave Impacts to the Existing Honokbhau Harbor The wave climate within the existing Honokohau Harbor and the proposed marina was analyzed using a numerical model that is further discussed in Appendix 1. Results of the wave climate analysis with and without the expansion were used to predict wave agitation impacts to the �. existing harbor. The model was operated for waves with a 9 -second period and swells of 13 - second period as the dominating waves for the offshore area. W. Anticipated Impacts and Proposed Mitigation Wave climate in the existing harbor from the proposed marina construction depended on the '• period of the incoming waves. There was a slight decrease in the wave height in the existing _ basin for outside waves of a 9 -second period. For longer period swells, there was no significant change in the wave height in the basin. m For waves with a 9 -second period, the wave height at the inner end of the outer basin attenuated to 40 percent of the incident wave. There was no additional wave attenuation due to the presence +r of the proposed marina. Within the existing harbor inner basin, the wave height attenuated to about 20 percent of the incident wave. The wave height in the inner harbor decreased by about 10 percent with the construction of the proposed marina. For longer period swells, the wave height in the outer basin remained at 50 percent attenuation. In the inner basin, the wave height reduced to about 20 to 30 percent of the incident wave. There ., was no significant change in the wave height in the inner basin from marina construction. The analysis shows that under short storm wave conditions, the proposed marina construction m causes a positive impact by reducing the wave height by 10 percent in the existing marina. However, under swell conditions there is no change in wave agitation in the mooring area of the �- existing harbor with the proposed marina. Overall, the impact of construction of the proposed ,•, marina basin is positive since the existing harbor will experience less wave agitation. This may be due to the fact that the amount of wave energy entering through the harbor entrance remains the same, while additional water area and frictional surfaces (both sides and bottom) provide for ,■ greater wave dissipation after the expansion. No mitigation is recommended due to the project's positive effect. 3.9.3 Anchialine Ponds .• The anchialine ponds water quality studies and biota surveys were conducted by David A. Ziemann, Ph.D. of the Oceanic Institute and is included as Appendix G. Page 47 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment 3.9.3.1 Existing Conditions Anchialine ponds exist in inland lava depressions near the ocean. Two anchialine pond complexes are located immediately to the north and south of the Honokohau Harbor entrance channel. The complex to the north is located wholly within the designated boundaries of the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park as shown in Figure O. Many of the ponds in the southern complex are within the park administrative boundary as well. Ponds in the northern complex show little evidence of anthropogenic impacts. Many contain typical vegetation and crustacean species in high abundance. Ponds in the southern complex are moderately to heavily impacted, with many containing exotic fish that exclude the anchialine crustaceans. The ponds also show evidence of human impact, including discarded bottles, cans, wrappers, diapers, toilet paper, etc. Water quality conditions within the ponds generally reflect the conditions of the underlying groundwater. Figure P locates anchialine ponds near the harbor entrance. The study conducted as a part of this EIS show that the anchialine ponds south of the harbor entrance are moderately to heavily impacted by human activities and introduced fish populations. The study found that the nitrogen phosphorus concentrations in these ponds are significantly higher compared to the ponds north of the harbor entrance. The sources of these additional nutrients are not known. Continuous influx of nutrients will eventually degrade the water quality to levels that could alter the pond ecology. Biota surveys in the two pond systems clearly indicate that counts of typical pond denizens show a remarkable difference between the northern and southern ponds. In the northern ponds the number of Halocaridina rubra ranged from a low of 20-25 to too numerous to count. The biota rich pond bottoms appeared red due to the Halocaridina rubra numbers. The only other species visible was the predatory shrimp Metabetaeus lohena. In contrast, only four out of the 22 ponds examined in the southern pond complex showed a decreased presence of Halocaridina rubra (6 to 200) individuals in the pond, and three ponds contained Metabetaeus lohena. Eight of the ponds contained numbers of introduced minnows which is an apparent predator of Halocaridina rubra and Metabetaeus lohena. As mentioned earlier, the southern ponds also had elevated concentrations of nutrients indicating water quality degradation. These factors indicate that if no restoration or maintenance activities are instituted to reserve these ponds, these ecosystems will degrade beyond recovery. 3.9.3.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations The anchialine ponds that are located north of the existing harbor are not likely to be impacted because no development activities are proposed north of the existing harbor. It is highly unlikely that existing groundwater flows to the Kaloko-Honokohau pond system to the north of the existing harbor will be impacted by the proposed marina to the south. The change in the local groundwater flow pattern in the vicinity of the proposed marina will impact the anchialine ponds that are located between the proposed marina and the shoreline south of the harbor entrance. The salinity of the anchialine ponds will increase due to reduction of brackish groundwater. .. Page 48 / 16 Source: Oceanic Institute Figure P: Anchialine Pond Locations 13 0 2,000 4,000 Feet z� ri g- s/t JDI JAOM mr, Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment Some ponds will be excavated to make the new harbor basin. Those ponds that are not excavated will revert to full salinity, causing the loss of their habitat and associated aquatic flora and fauna. However, current investigations indicate that these ponds are already enriched by nutrients and the density of associated aquatic fauna is very low. In addition, trash from visitors, and introduction of minnows has already degraded the pond ecology. Even without the potential ur impacts from the proposed marina construction, the pond ecology might change irreversibly from the nutrient input, human indifference and expansion of non native fauna species. No realistic mechanisms are envisioned for re -injecting fresh water into these systems to maintain their ecological balance as an anchialine system. These ponds will be changed from a brackish water system to a marine system. But, those ponds in the area of the shoreline park and W cultural park will be cleaned of vegetation and protected from other physical alteration. A buffer zone around these newly established marine ponds will be protected as well. The anchialine pond shrimp (Metabetaeus lohena) and the orangeback damsel fly (Megalagrion xanthomelas) are listed as candidate endangered species in the Federal Register and were both .. recorded in surveys of these anchialine ponds done in 2004 by US Geological Survey Biological Resources Division and the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. Low numbers of Metabetaeus lohena were encountered in three of the 22 ponds surveyed in the southern pond *� complex. Megalagrion xanthomelas was not encountered in any of the southern pond complex r ponds during the recent study. The low density of Metabetaeus lohena and the observed absence of Megalagrion xanthomelas may be due to the impacts from high nutrient input and general *� degradation of the ponds. r. An attempt should be made to move as much of the existing population of Metabetaeus lohena from these anchialine ponds before they become too saline, to possible newly excavated ponds that may be developed off-site. These shrimp should not be introduced into existing populated ponds to avoid any potential pathogenic impacts to the healthy ponds. Public education on the unique ecology of the anchialine ponds and the need for preserving their ecology will reduce future human impacts in other healthy ponds. w. Further recommended mitigation includes restoration to degraded anchialine ponds off the project site, preferably those located at the adjacent Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. 3.9.4 Marine Fishing Impacts r 3.9.4.1 Existing Conditions Presently, of the 270 berths at Honokohau Harbor, 120 are registered with commercial licenses. The two two-lane boat ramps service an additional average of 20 to 30 boats per day, although +. this number can exceed 100 boats per day during tournaments. Of the 120 commercial moored boats, 60 engage in charter fishing, about 12 as commercial fishing boats, with the balance conducting dive tours, sight-seeing, para -sailing, or acting as shuttles for large cruise ships. ++ Discounting fishing by divers, this brings the total number of boats moored in Honokohau Harbor involved in commercial fishing activities to about 72 vessels or about 60 percent of the commercial fleet. +� Page 51 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of HawaN Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Natural Environment In fisheries the catch is related, but not necessarily proportional, to the fishing effort. As fishing effort increases, so does the fishing pressure on existing stocks. Even in a healthy fishery, every fish caught by a fisherman is one less fish that is available to be caught by all other fishermen. As a fishery expands, the first impact seen by the fishermen is generally a lower catch per unit effort (CPUE) and a general decrease in both the average weight of fish caught and in the number of fish caught in the largest size categories. When the total catch begins to approach the sustainable yield, both CPL1E and the sizes of all the fish caught can decline over very short periods of time. When this happens and if fishing pressure continues, the fishery may "crash" and may require a long period of time to recover. Examination of the fishing statistics shows that bottom fish landings have historically been low and inconsistent. Currently, only a small fraction of boats in the area target bottom fish. As this portion of the fishery appears to be limited by a lack of shallow fishing grounds, it is not likely that an increase in the moored fishing fleet will cause any significant impact to this segment of the fishery. Data compiled by commercial boat booking agency CharterDesk shows a relatively constant total catch of all billfish species varying from about 2000 to almost 4000 fish caught per year. Data indicate a "successful" billfish catch rate of about 1 in every 2 trips. Currently, there are about 60 registered commercial charter vessels in the harbor and about 50 charter vessels using the two two-lane boat ramps. About half of the total fish caught are Kona's prized Blue Marlin. Analyses of annual data from existing Honokohau Harbor showed that the average weight of blue marlin decreased from about 265 pounds in the early 1980s to about 200 pounds in the late 1990s. During this same period of time the success rate for catching blue marlin dropped from about 1 blue marlin every three trips, to about 1 blue marlin every 4 trips. As of 2005, the catch rate has dropped to about 1 blue marlin in every 10 ten trips. 3.9.4.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The proposed marina will add 800 new slips to the existing facility. It is reasonable to assume that a portion of these new boats will engage in fishing activities. A study on the potential impact of these additional fishing boats on the marine fisheries is contained in Appendix Q. While it is likely that an increase in the number of fishing boats would decrease CPUE, the overall impact on the health of the fishery from the proposed expansion of the marina is less clear. Even at a constant CPUE, the increase in the fish catch from charter boats will be a very small percentage of the total billfish and tuna catch over these Pacific -wide fisheries. The Kona fleet catches more blue marlin than any other trolling fleet in Hawaii, but in 2000 it only accounted for about 127,500 pounds of the 423,000 pounds caught by all anglers throughout the state and the additional 700,000 pounds landed by commercial long line fishermen in the state (Data from WestPac Year 2000 Recreational Fishing Summary). It is not likely that the fishing pressure from the expanded charter fleet will have an adverse impact on the Pacific -wide fishery. Page 52 u Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment The increased level of fisheries knowledge has spawned an atmosphere of stewardship in the general charter -boat fishing community. With catch and release programs returning upwards of 40 percent of the Kona catch back to the ocean there is an obvious awareness that the value of catching the fish is often far greater than the value of selling it. It is recommended that facilities and programs to foster continued stewardship, fisheries science, tracking of all fish catch, and educational programs be implemented in the design of the new marina facilities. wr The proposed marina, marina support facilities, public marina promenade, fishing club, and marine science center will provide a venue for implementing the following efforts: m Efforts to promote tag and release will be fostered through public education and the implementation of more "Catch and Release — Only" tournaments. Promote management through catch limits to possibly include slot weight catch limits, ie. must tag & release animals between 250-950 pounds w • Promote various other stewardship measures relating to fisheries conservation. a w 3.9.5 Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles r� In addition to water quality, which is discussed in Section 3.9.1.3, other environmental impacts that may affect marine mammals and sea turtles include noise and vessel collisions. The "■' following sections describe existing conditions, potential impacts and suggested mitigations to prevent negative impacts to marine mammals and sea turtles from noise and vessel collisions. 3.9.5.1 Existing Conditions Humpback Whales: Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangiiae) are mammals and belong to the baleen whale suborder, mysticeti. An estimated 4,500-6,500 whales migrate between .. subpolar Alaska and Hawaii each year (Mobley et al 2001) and seek refuge in shallow waters close to shore. The whales breed and give birth while in Hawaii during the winter months, and "■' migrate north to feed each spring. ■ Humpback whales found in Hawai`i's waters are part of a global population of Humpback whales that was reduced by over 250,000 individuals, or 90 percent, due to hunting (Johnson et ++ al 1984). In 1966, the International Whaling Commission instituted a moratorium on all hunting of whales globally, and populations have begun to rebound. The North Pacific population of humpback whales, with a population of approximately 15,000 prior to hunting, is recovering from an estimated low of 1,000 individuals (Rice 1978, Johnson et al 1984). Humpback whales are also protected under the Federal Endangered Species Act. It is estimated that Hawai`i's population of Humpback whales is growing by 7% annually (Mobley et al 2001). • Congress designated the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary (HINMS) on November 4, 1992, and was followed by the Governor of Hawai`i's formal rr approval in 1997. The Sanctuary's purpose includes protecting humpback whales and their habitat within the Sanctuary, educating the public about the relationship of humpback whales to the Hawaiian Islands marine environment, managing the human uses of the Sanctuary, and providing for the identification of marine resources and ecosystems of national significance for possible inclusion in the Sanctuary. r Page 53 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Ilawai`i Assessment of Existing Natural Environment While waters surrounding the main Hawaiian islands constitute one of the world's most important North Pacific humpback whale habitats (Calambokidis et al. 1997), the Sanctuary actually encompasses five noncontiguous marine protected areas across the Main Hawaiian Islands, totaling 1370 square miles. Almost half of this area surrounds the islands of Maui, Lanai and Molokai. Smaller areas are designated on the North shore of Kauai, North and Southeast shores of Oahu, and Hawai`i's Kona Coast. On Hawai`i's Kona Coast, the Sanctuary encompasses the entire northwest -facing coast, consisting of submerged lands and waters seaward of the shoreline to the 100 -fathom (183 meter) isobath from `Upolu Point southward to ." Keahole Point, which is approximately four nautical miles north of Honokohau Harbor. Whales have very sensitive hearing, so any loud underwater sound may have the potential to disturb these animals. Vessel collisions are also a concern with whales. The majority of whale strikes occurred where whales are most common and boats watching are common as in shallow waters between Lanai and Maui. In a recent study conducted by NMFS on 27 recorded whale strikes in the main Hawaiian Islands, only two were recorded off the Kona coast. In one instance, a fishing boat was pulling in a catch and was lifted by a whale. In the other instance, a whale was struck by a dive boat heading towards its diving spot. s Dolphins: Spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris), often inhabit waters within Honokohau Bay and at times intentionally congregate near the harbor channel to take advantage by bow -riding s outgoing vessels. "Spinners" common name stems from their habit of leaping clear of the water and twirling in the air. They are the smallest dolphins typically seen in Hawaii, with a mature size of 6 feet in length and 160 pounds. .. Spinners school in pods of a few animals to 100 or more and show community behavior when feeding in deep water at night, and during the day when they come near shore to play and rest. On the Island of Hawaii, Kealakekua Bay is one location of almost daily spinner visits, but they frequent many other bays along the coast and regularly rest in Honokohau Bay. W As all marine mammals have very sensitive hearing, any loud underwater sounds have the potential to disturb dolphins as well. Given the sporting habit of spinners and other dolphins of bow -riding ships and small boat wakes, they are apparently not overtly impacted by vessel traffic noises, Hawaiian Monk Seals: Hawaiian Monk Seals are on the endangered species list. They are rare along the Kona Coast. Fortunately, monk seals are air breathing and spend the majority of their .. time above water where they are easily observed. If a monk seal is reported observed in the area, Kona Kai Ola would work with relevant agencies to protect the seal. M Ap Page 54 M r: • Kealakehe. North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment ++ Sea Turtles: Five species of sea turtles are known to frequent Hawaiian waters, with green sea turtles by far the most abundant at 97% of the total numbers, hawksbill turtles (1.7% of total), olive ridley turtles (0.8%), and occasional sightings of leatherback and loggerhead turtles (Chaloupka, et al, 2006, from stranding reports). Green sea turtles are the most plentiful large marine herbivore in the world and have experienced a very successful population recovery in Hawaiian waters since 1974 when harvest was outlawed in Hawaii and 1978 when they became protected under the Endangered Species Act (Balazs, et al. 2004). Both green sea turtles and hawksbills are known to breed and nest on beaches within the main Hawaiian Islands, and have a 25-30 year generation time with a life span of 60-70 years (Balazs et al 2004). Total population numbers of green sea turtles in the Hawaiian archipelago have not been estimated, but the population has at least tripled since the 1970s and may now be approaching the carrying capacity of the islands (Chaloupka, et al. 2006). rr Green turtles are primarily herbivorous often seen on reefs as deep as 100+ feet but much more common in shallower waters. During periods of calm water green sea turtles are often seen over very shallow reef flats where the choicest of algae are to be found. While some turtles may "rest" _ upon the surface, it is much more common to find them in small caves or wedged between coral heads where they are less subject to shark attacks. Green sea turtles may occasionally be seen far at sea (they nest in French Frigate Shoals in the NW Hawaiian Islands), but they are much more prevalent over the shallow shoreline areas where they forage for food. tlt Vessel collisions and potential noise impacts are a concern with turtles. In a study of 3,861 turtle strandings in the main Hawaiian Islands from 1982 — 2003 (Chaloupka, et al. 2006), boat strikes accounted for only about 2.7 percent of the cases and were almost always fatal (95 percent). r Entanglement in gill nets accounted for about six percent of strandings and also had a high rate of mortality (75 percednt). Hook and line entanglement (seven percent of strandings) was much r less likely to result in the death of the turtle (52 percent mortality). Of all 3,861 strandings recorded in the Main Hawaiian Islands since 1982 only three occurred within 10 -miles north or south of Honokohau Harbor (Balazs, personal communication from NMFS database). in 3.9.5.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation Completion of the harbor expansion project will increase the vessel traffic crossing the Hawaiian y Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, the southern boundary of which is approximately four nautical miles north of Honokohau Harbor. At a time when the whale population is growing, an increase of vessel traffic may increase the likelihood of vessel -whale y collisions. Related to vessel traffic, an increase in whale watching activities is also likely. Vessels participating in these activities directly seek out higher whale population densities, increasing the likelihood of collisions, but also having the potential for disrupting whale ■ behaviors such as resting, courting, mating or birthing. w As noted earlier, however, of the 27 recorded whale strikes in the main Hawaiian Islands, only two were recorded off the Kona coast. Sanctuary managers may need to implement additional regulations for private and/or commercial activities directly involving whale encounters. Mariner education programs, already in place as part of Sanctuary operations, will help to mitigate possible impacts due to increased boaters, and the proposed marine science center will complement Sanctuary educational programs. r ■ .� Page 55 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment Impacts to turtles may occur during construction of the marina. Since most of the marina will be excavated in a land -locked condition, turtles will not be subject to any potential harm from excavation. Experience during construction of the Ko Olina lagoons, and the expansion of the Barber's Point Harbor on Oahu indicate that turtles abandoned their offshore (30-100 ft depth) resting habitats and concentrated in very near shore waters adjacent to the harbor and, at times, even within the active construction areas as soon as blasting and excavation began. Although no .. turtle injuries or mortalities were reported during either of those harbor construction activities, this should serve as a cautionary example for future coastal construction activities. An increased level of impacts to turtles from increased boating and fishing activities may occur. .. The level of impact documented by National Marine Fisheries Service is limited to only three turtle mortalities confirmed, since 1982, from a total of 3,861 strandings throughout the Main r Hawaiian Islands. It would appear that anthropomorphic impact to turtles from boat strikes and fishing activities is very low along the Kona Coast adjacent to the existing harbor. It is likely that this is due in part to the relatively steep ocean bottom that limits the habitat of the turtles to the very nearshore areas away from the areas of heavy boat traffic. Recognition by the general public that sea turtles are protected also puts a heavy social pressure on fishermen who may inadvertently catch a sea .. turtle, and is likely a factor in the recovery of this species. Although no adverse impacts to turtles have been documented within the existing harbor, the close proximity of boats and turtles in this environment is cause for concern. .. During land-based construction of the marina, no mitigation is necessary as previous experience r has shown that turtles are not adversely impacted by these activities. Once the land bridge is open, however, it is highly likely that turtles will be attracted into the new harbor and be subject to potential harm from in -water construction of piers or other facilities. During this period of �* time and until the harbor is operational it is recommended that a mesh barrier is erected across ,. the new harbor channel to exclude turtles from the inner basin. The mesh size needs to be selected in consultation with regulatory agencies to make sure it does not entangle turtles. rw As the new harbor area will likely attract turtles to the basin (similar to the existing harbor) and an increase in boat traffic is expected in the harbor channel there will be an increased possibility �r of turtle strikes within the channel and new harbor area. To minimize this possibility it is recommended that educational signs be erected around the harbor describing the turtles and warning boaters to be cautious while traversing harbor channels. The slow no -wake lane in the As entrance channel should also be strictly enforced and the State should consider extending the r slow no -wake zone further out to the first green buoy. r As all marine mammals have very sensitive hearing, any loud underwater sounds have the r potential to disturb these creatures. Potential underwater acoustics may impact marine mammals and sea turtles during construction activities, such as blasting and pile driving. Appendix Q r contains a study of underwater noise impacts during the construction and operation of the proposed project. Page 56 0 rr Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment >�+ To mitigate impacts related to noise generated by construction activities, such as blasting and pile driving, a program to monitor sound levels and the presence of marine mammals and sea turtles will be implemented. Construction activities will be adjusted if whales, monk seals, u dolphins or sea turtles are in the vicinity. Further, keeping the land bridge closed to the ocean until all major pile driving and blasting are completed will further avoid adverse impacts. rt Increased boat traffic will result in increased low intensity sounds in the harbor area and along transit routes. The ecological role played by anthropomorphic sound in the marine environment ' has recently received heightened awareness. Evidence from declassified Department of Defense rr ocean recordings off of San Diego show that background sound levels off -shore of the harbor have increased approximately ten -fold in 30 years. Much of this increase in sound level has been ' ascribed to large ship traffic. While intense sound levels can adversely impact marine mammals +r and potentially other species, this level of sound pressure has not been shown to be produced by the small boats envisioned to occupy the new marina. Adverse impacts of lower intensity noise, such as from small boat engines, have been very difficult to quantify. No definitive information is available to determine the level of impact produced by increase in small boat generated noise on fish, marine mammals and sea turtles. +r Given the sporting habit of spinners and other dolphins of bow -riding ships and small boat wakes, they are apparently not overtly impacted by vessel traffic noises. However, boat -generated noises can be reduced by slowing boats to "slow no -wake" in the main traffic lane of the entrance channel. The State could also consider extending the "slow no -wake" lane out to the first green buoy. Appropriate signage to enforce these requirements is recommended. 3.9.6 Ciguatera Ciguatera fish poisoning can occur in tropical fisheries around the world and is endemic in ,. Hawai`i. The toxin is generated by a microscopic marine dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus toxicus, often found growing on the surfaces of red or brown algae. Herbivorous fish eat the algae and the toxin accumulates in the flesh. The toxin bio -accumulates up the food chain so that high level reef predators, such as jacks (Ulua, Caranx sp.) or barracuda (kaku, Syphraena barracuda) may contain elevated concentrations of toxin that are potentially disease causing when consumed by humans. Because the toxin also accumulates in humans (primarily in fat tissues), the dosage required to elicit symptoms may also vary significantly between individuals. Occasions have an been documented where multiple individuals eat similar portions of a toxic fish, but only one or a few of the individuals get sick with the others being completely asymptomatic. Symptoms vary between individuals, but are generally flu-like including nausea, weakness, aches and pains, and on occasion temperature reversal where cold items feel hot and hot items feel cold to the touch. Symptoms typically last for days to weeks, may persist for up to a year, and are rarely fatal. Page 57 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment The causative dinoflagellate can almost always be found in tropical marine environments in low numbers. Disease outbreaks have been correlated with environmental changes that may cause perturbations in the population balance of algae over a section of reef or coastline. Outbreaks of ciguatera have been documented following large scale coastal construction projects (including harbor construction) and hurricanes (Banner, 1976, Randall 1958 and Raymond 1994). Such perturbations may lead to an imbalance causing certain populations of algae to bloom, but do not necessarily lead to outbreaks of ciguatera. If dinoflagellate populations bloom, then there is increased probability that toxins will accumulate in fish populations and begin to cause disease in fish consumers. Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures r To protect public safety it is important that the population of ciguatera causing dinoflagellates is monitored before construction to provide a baseline and then monthly for up to one year following construction until pre -construction population levels are achieved. If dinoflagellate " population levels bloom, then it may be necessary to also monitor local food -fish species and post warnings if potentially toxic levels of ciguatera poison are detected. 3.9.7 SWAC Facility Air conditioning for the Kona Kai Ola development may be provided by a system utilizing deep, cold ocean water for cooling or Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC). SWAC would significantly reduce energy consumption requirements, and is being considered in keeping with the sustainability goals of the overall Kona Kai Ola project. If SWAC is not implemented, then -- conventional air conditioning systems will be used. Oceanit completed a Cooling Water Intake Analysis as part of the proposed SWAC facility at Kona Kai Ola. Since the intake pipe will draw water from the ocean, its features and impacts were analyzed. Comparisons were also made with the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii ` Authority (NELHA) located north of Kona Kai Ola at Keahole Point. The Cooling Water Intake ,. Analysis is contained in Appendix J. Under the current concept plan, the SWAC system would draw 10 to 20 million gallons per day of deep ocean water for use in the air conditioning system. Water sufficiently cold for this purpose is available relatively close to the shoreline at approximately 3,000 feet of water depth at 11,000 feet off shore. The depth of 3,000 feet for the cooling water intake was used to maximize the temperature difference and minimize pumping costs. At a higher cold water temperature, the volume of water increases significantly. This requires larger intake pipes,PumPs heat exchangers, and disposal facilities with higher operational cost. Final selection of the depth and 1e temperature will be determined in the design of the system. A description of the proposed SWAC facility for Kona Kai Ola includes: ■ A 36 inch pipe would draw ocean water of an ideal temperature (40-42e F) from the ocean and to the SWAC facility. • Water would then circulate through the cooling system at 44 °-45° F. ■" 20,000 gallons per minute (gpm) would constitute peak flow. ■ Average flow would be around 7,500 gpm. Page 58 a IN "• Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Natural Environment •. After 16-18 "nodes" circulate cooling water through the Kona Kai Ola development, the water would be discharged throught a pipe into a proposed injection well system. While the total square footage served by SWAC is not confirmed, it is anticipated that it will service most of the development and/or approximately 6 million sq. ft. As part of any SWAC proposal, a Conservation District Use Permit (CDUP) would need to be approved through the DLNR's Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands (OCCL). The application for this permit requires 30 percent design completion of the actual system. rr Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation ' In initial plans, the flow was to be directed to the mauka end of the lagoon water feature, where it r would flow through the lagoons, to the new marina and finally out the existing harbor channel. The SWAC discharge, being equally saline but cooler than coastal waters, would be more dense and flow along the bottom delivering its high nutrient load directly to the benthic substrate and rr coral reefs. *• In this scenario, a possible environmental impact would have resulted in which the existing rr extensive coral reef areas in the vicinity of the harbor mouth would have been exposed to high nutrient water, with resultant overgrowth by macroalgae and loss of coral reefs and habitat. In *■ addition, the discharge of nutrient -rich seawater into the shallow, well -lit lagoon would have r created ideal culture conditions for uncontrolled macroalgal growth. Attached macroalgae, would rapidly grow to uncontrollable densities. r The water taken from approximately 3,000 foot depth (depth of 40' F isotherm) will contain about 500 ug/1 nitrate -nitrogen. The result would be a discharge of approximately 54 kg/day (120 pound/day, 43 tons/year) of nitrate -nitrogen, the most readily -usable form of nitrogen fertilizer, r to the coastal marine environment. This plan would have introduced unacceptably high levels of nutrients to the nearshore water. The initial plan has therefore been revised and the effluent water will be either directed to deep r wells or to facilities where secondary use of this resource will occur. Since deep ocean water is high in nutrients, cold and low in pathogens, it is ideal for mariculture. Use of this resource for mariculture before discharging into the environment will reduce the negative impacts and t` provide an economic return for Kona Kai Ola. It is therefore recommended that secondary uses be explored, including aquaculture, water bottling, or other uses with the resultant effluent again r being re-entered to a deep underground dispersion well. The design of the SWAC shall mitigate possible impacts through the prevention of the introduction of high nutrient deep seawater directly into the seawater lagoons, marina, or shallow r nearshore coastal waters. At a 3,000 foot depth, only deep dwelling marine fauna could possibly be impacted by pipe r suction. To mitigate possible impacts, the ocean end of the intake pipe shall be fitted with a diffuser to dissipate the suction force of water into the pipe to prevent any fouling by rays or other fauna. The diffuser will be designed at 3,000 foot depth and a diffuser or other acceptable rr inlet structure will be designed to prevent accidental impacts to marine fauna. r Page 59 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Ilawai`i Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement This page is intentionally blank. Page 60 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment 4 Assessment of Existing Human Environment w 4.1 Cultural Resources INS Under Act 50, the Hawaii Legislature finds that native Hawaiian culture plays a vital role in preserving and advancing the unique quality of life in Hawaii. Articles IX and XII of the state constitution, other state laws, and the courts of the State impose on government agencies a duty rr to promote and protect cultural beliefs, practices, and resources of native Hawaiians as well as other ethnic groups. One of the purposes of the Act is to require that environmental impact statements include the disclosure of the effects of a proposed action on the cultural practices of the community and State. Two Cultural Impact Assessments, or CIAs, are referenced for this project area. The studies r encompass the Kealakehe ahupua`a and surrounding area, and are not parcel -specific. Combining these studies in the analysis provides a comprehensive view of the cultural significance of the project site. The CIAs are contained in Appendix K. Dr. Taupouri Tangaro completed the most recent CIA for the project site and surrounding area. A previous CIA was completed for the area by Pualani Kanaka`ole Kanahele in 2001 as part of a previous development plan for the DHHL parcel. The DEIS for the DHHL project was not published, and the project did not proceed. Concurrence has been granted by DHHL to discuss and include the 2001 CIA in this DEIS. Both studies involved a review of maps, archival documents, historical materials, pre -historical literature in chant and narrative form, walking and diving the area in search of cultural sites, and a review of water quality, flora, and fauna, and oral history. Prior to the initiation of his CIA, Dr. Tangaro met on the site with cultural practitioner Mahealani Pai, and Hawaiian research specialist Ku`ulei Kanahele to conduct a paeaea, which is a ~ ceremony that "introduces who we are to the living systems of Kealakehe, Keahuolu and their contiguous ahupua`a, as well as to the mountain tops of Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Hualalai, _ inclusive of Ka Moana Nui A Kanaloa, the ocean". 4.1.1 Background �+ The Kealakehe ahupua`a is one of twenty-three ancient ahupua`a within the `okana of Kekahawai`ole. It is bounded by Honokohauiki ahupua`a to the north and Keahuolu ahupua`a to the south. Kealekehe ahupua`a extends mauka to the Honua`ula Forest. The ahupua`a from Kalaoa (Keahole Point) to Kealakehe were known as "Kekaha-wai-`ole-o-na-Kona" or the hot, dry, waterless shores of Kona. Despite the reputation of this land, the natives of Kekaha-wai-`ole had great knowledge of their land's cycles and its productive abilities. Here were springs and "W brackish water ponds inland from the shore and the ocean was abundant. They planted in the mauka, or upland, forest where there was sufficient rain for their crops. When the rainy season passed, they camped at the shore, grew sweet potato, and fished. (Kanahele 2001) .� Page 61 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment The translation of Kealakehe is interpreted in two ways: 1) Kealakehe, with the emphasis on the last syllable, translates as "the pathway of graves"; 2) Kealake`e, with an `okina replacing the "h," is the more popular definition, which means "winding path." There is no definition for Kealakehe as it is spelled today, however, according to the Hawaiian language dictionary, the last two syllables, "kehe," is considered a spelling variation of "ke`e" and vice versa. (Kanahele 2001) 4.1.2 Assessment There are elements of the physical landscape within the vicinity of the project site of cultural significance. • Malin Point. Malin Point separates Kealakehe and Honokohauiki. Two generations ago Maliu referred to a rock located at the point; the point itself was known as Pu`uoina, a name that has since disappeared. The little bay on the south end of Maliu housed a shark hole and was known as Hale Manu. A structure at Malin was known as Hale Mono (north side of Honokohau Harbor entrance) and may have been female heiau, although little is known about the site. `Alula Bay. South of Honokohau Harbor is a white sand beach known in chants and stories as `Alula. In Emerson's map of 1888, `Alula was a canoe and small boat landing. According to some interviewees, the original name for the beach was `Aulaula, which describes the broad current of the bay. `Alula is susceptible to an inundation of northwest swells, which travel far inland. There is an `opelu koa or `opelu fishing ground in the bay. Freshwater Pond. One of the references cites the freshwater pond mauka of `Alula as the `Aiopio pond. The term "freshwater" refers to water that is drinkable. Modern terminology refers to these ponds as "brackish" because they are mixed with small amounts of seawater. However, the `Aiopio fishpond as we know it today is located in Honokohauiki. Most kama`aina of Kona do not recollect the name for that particular pond mauka of `Alula. The `Aiopio pond is a known habitat for `opae`ula, or red shrimp, used as bait for `opelu. All of the anchialine ponds of the Kona coast had an abundant amount of `opae`ula readily available for `opelu fishing. `Opae`ula ponds have deteriorated as `opae`ula loses its popularity with `opelu fisherman. As it has become more of a chore to clean the ponds, contemporary fishermen prefer to use bread. The fishermen at south Kona still use `opae`ula and pumpkin. The pond mauka of `Alula has exotic fish, including topminnows, which means that the `opae`ula population has been minimized tremendously. Page 62 W ■Y Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment Makaopio (Hale o Lono). Makaopio (Hale o Lono) heiau was built in a brackish water pond on the northern shore of `Alula Bay. Makaopio (Hale o Lono) was built to evoke the god Lono during makahiki season for abundant rain, greenery, and enough fresh water to last through the next heavy rain season. Makaopio (Hale o Lono) is one of the most important man-made cultural structures in Kealekehe as a reminder of the cycles of creation and procreation involving humans, ocean and land, and flora and fauna. Although it is protected from the high surf by a low outcrop of rocks, because of age and neglect, the heiau has lost some of its major setting stones and the possibility of repairing aW the damage is unlikely. ■ Hale o Kane. A heiau on the bluff south of `Alula. Kane is the major deity of Hawaiian wholeness and health. Kanahele (200 1) notes that no one she talked to could provide the ,., name or the function of these structures. Ka Lae of Kaiwi. Kaiwi is the point on the boundary of Kealakehe and Keahuolu. According to fishermen of the area: r" Kaiwi Point houses a mamamo ko'a. Kaiwi has an intriguing story connected with Ka Miki. In this ka'ao, Kaiwi is a shark and Kalualapuila is the Kahuna of Kealakehe. rr Kaiwi and Kaluapuila are the same entity. Eventually the grandmother of Ka Miki, Kauluhenuihihikolo, discovers this dual identity when the shark becomes a man-eater and plans to destroy him. Kaiwi -Kalualapuila are both destroyed when the grandmother reaches her grandchildren to call up the fires of Pele to rid the land of this man eating shark. Hi'iakanoholae, known today as Ka Lae Keahuolu, was the boundarr direction for the lava flow. The protocol for lava is that a course offlow is given and Wiakanoholae is the southern limit for the flow. The flow did exactly what it was asked to do a ith Kaiwi and the characteristic of a Hi'iakaikealei and Hi'iakaikealemoe now is seen at Kaiwi Point. Trail System. The project site has remnants of a trail system that indicates the passing through of pedestrians from one major site to another. The maps show evidence of the trail coming from Lanihau and heading towards the ponds of Honok6hauiki. Trails were rr the bloodline from one kulanakauhale (village) to the next, and usually revealed the rest stops, popular villages, water locations, fanning mounds, etc. The trail remnants at the project site, however. do not reveal any of these types of sites. Ahu. The largest cultural structures found on the site are the ahu (small rock cairns). An ahu was constructed to mark a boundary, bring attention to a location, to place offerings • to an occupational deity, to collect water, or to place articles to be kept for a later return. An intact ahu is located towards the makai boundary of the site. Other ahu sites were not .. as well preserved and were at different stages of deterioration. nr Kealakahe, Burials. During site visits, an empty open vault which had familiar burial patterns was located. However, the ahu at this site did not correlate with burial practices. '■ For specific burial site descriptions, see Section 4.2. Page 63 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawai i W. Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment Hualalai Ka Heke Ao Na Kona. Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Hualalai are the three prominent volcanic mountains of Hawaii Island, and because of their contribution to the water cycles and aquifers, they have entered indelibly into the fabric of Hawaiian consciousness, especially where the land is dry and parched. Mt. Hualalai is a prominent feature of North and South Kona and is a phrase famed in song and chant. The word heke also means the "triangular sails on canoes," associating the function of a canoe sail to that of the mountain which captures and directs moisture to the slopes of the Kona districts. 4.1.2.1 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation In interviews, one of the greatest areas of cultural concern was potential impacts to water quality as related to fishing grounds and ponds. It was noted that population growth and urbanization in general generate similar impacts. The need to revive mauka — makai trails was expressed, as well as the need to protect cultural and archaeological sites. A concern expressed in the 2001 interviews was the operation and impacts from the Waste Water Treatment Plant, south of the project site, and the perception that it may leak. Many expressed concerns that continued development along the coast will affect the quality and quantity of fish along the coast. It is recommended that the cultural and archaeological resources be protected as directed by the preservation plans approved by DLNR. In addition, the shoreline area contains most of these sites will be protected as a cultural park. The management plan for this area should be developed through close consultation with cultural descendants. For the area specifically within the legislative boundary of the National Park that is fronting the Kona Kai Ola project site, the developer will work cooperatively with the National Park to develop a management plan and interpretive plan for these cultural and archaeological resources. Further mitigation includes the proposed preservation of the ahu (small rock cairns) near the makai end of the site and a short section of the old walking trail as a symbol of the trail system. Also, a cultural practitioner, who is knowledgeable of the site and can assist the project developer to ensure proper cultural protocols are followed in the design, will be employed. To encourage cultural practices, access to the shoreline will be open and access to cultural resources will be in a manner that encourages native Hawaiian and local resident use. Mauka viewsheds from the shoreline will be preserved and not obstructed. Page 64 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment 4.2 Archaeological Resources The project area was studied in two archaeological studies, both of which were conducted by -� Haun & Associates. A 2001 DHHL parcel inventory survey was completed as part of a previous DEIS for a project that was never completed. The 2001 study was submitted to the State Historic Preservation Division for review at the time, and is therefore public record (Haun 2001). The +•+ other study was commissioned as part of this Kona Kai Ola project and was completed in August of 2006. This most recent study involved completion of an archaeological inventory survey for .. the DLNR properties of Kona Kai Ola and the full extension of the proposed parkway south through the Queen Lili`uokalani Trust property. The goal of the inventory surveys was to identify archaeological resources within the proposed r. project site. In accordance with DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys, the studies included: • Background review and research of existing archaeological and historic documentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity; r • High intensity, 100 percent pedestrian survey coverage of the project area; • Detailed recording of all potentially significant sites; • Limited subsurface testing (manual excavation) at selected sites to determine function; ■ Analysis of background research and field data; and preparation of a Final Report. These reports are contained in Appendix L. w 4.2.1 Existing Conditions The project area is located within the ahupua`a of Kealakehe and Keahuoln. These ahupua`a are situated at the southern end of the lava -covered land north of Kailua-Kona called Kekaha, which "describes a dry, sun -baked land". In 1823, observations of Reverends Thurston and Bishop .- described houses along the coast. The houses were built on lava, and sweet potatoes, watermelon, and tobacco were grown in small gardens within the lava. During the Great Mahele, Kealakehe was retained as government land and Keahuoln was awarded to the mother of King Kalakaua and Queen Lili`uokalani, Chiefess of Ka`awaloa, Ane r Keohokalole. The rights of native tenants were preserved by the Kuleana Act. The majority of the tenant claimed land parcels were conveyed to the claimants between 1819 and 1846. The awarded parcels in Kealakehe are all situated inland between approximately 900 ft and 1,900 ft r elevation. None of the awarded parcels in Keahuoln appear on modern tax maps, but most were probably situated inland. r Various types of feature types were identified in the project area, as follows: .. Pahoehoe Excavations are features that consist of excavated holes within either the surface of a pahoehoe lava flow or at the base of pahoehoe ridges, outcrops, and knolls. Stone removed from the excavations are sometimes piled adjacent to the holes. Some of �• these features are interpreted as quant' sites used to obtain raw materials for the manufacture of stone tools. Other features resulted from excavations to extract seabird nestlings for food. w +. Page 65 Yr W Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement •' Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment • Stone Alignments are comprised of low enclosures constructed of one, occasionally two, courses of flat pahoehoe slabs, or a combination of flat slabs and subangular basalt cobbles and small boulders. These structures are all built on bare pahoehoe lava with no soil or cultural remains present. The function of these features is undetermined. • Cairns (ahu) are features constructed of stacked subangular basalt cobbles and small boulders, pahoehoe slabs, or a combination of the two materials. These features are typically well-built and are interpreted as markers. • Mounds are features built of piled subangular basalt cobbles and small boulders, pahoehoe slabs, or a combination of the two. These features are informally constructed and evidenced no associated cultural remains. Other mounds are either collapsed cairns features or of indeterminate function. ■ Petroglyphs are images that have been pecked into lava surfaces. The petroglyphs within the project area all consist of small anthropomorphic figures. • Enclosures are features built of stacked and/or piled subangular basalt cobbles, small boulders, or pahoehoe slabs. The enclosures within the project area are either oval in shape or U-shaped, and are interpreted as temporary habitation structures based on their formal type and lack of substantial construction (faced walls, paving, etc.). • Overhangs and Caves are features located on the sides of outcrops. The features within this category within the project area evidenced internal modification and are interpreted as temporary habitations. • Platforms can consist of a well-built rectangular structure made of stacked and piled pahoehoe slabs and subangular basalt cobbles and small boulders. Some on the project site are interpreted as a ceremonial structure, probably a small shrine, based on results of the subsurface testing and the presence of branch coral. • Trail sections were identified within the project area, extending across lava flow. Most consist of steppingstone trails of pahoehoe slabs and small cobbles. Most segments are small and do not interconnect with other larger trail systems. Sites identified during the surveys were assessed for significance based on the criteria outlined in the Rules Governing Procedures for Historic Preservation Review (DLNR 1998: Chap 275). According to these rules. a site must possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling. and association, and shall meet one or more of the following criteria: Criterion "a ": Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our history; • Criterion `b ": Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past; • Criterion "c": Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the work of a master; or possess high artistic value; • Criterion "d": Have yielded, or is likely to yield, important information for research on prehistory or history; and Page 66 W -- Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment -• Criterion "e ": Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state, associations with traditional cultural practices once carried out, or still carried out, at the property, or due to associations with traditional * beliefs, events or oral accounts - these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity. ur 4.2.1.1 DHHL Site Findings ^• This inventory survey identified 56 sites with 121 features. Portions of two trails (Sites 7704 and 13194) identified during previous surveys, have been destroyed since the sites were initially recorded. The sites include 41 single feature sites and 15 complexes of features. The identified features consisted of. 0 55 Pahoehoe excavations 0 2 enclosures • 31 stone alignments aI cave r0 16 cairns M1 overhang ■ 8 mounds MI platform Y • 5 petroglyphs • 1 trail An important finding of the survey was the identification of numerous pahoehoe excavations and stone alignments. The excavations identified during the study were all interpreted to be quarries for obtaining either scoriaceous lava (7 features) or fine-grained basalt for basalt tool manufacture (48 features). Based on the review criteria, 58 sites (includes the two destroyed trail sites) are assessed as _ significant under Criterion "d" — "have yielded information important for understanding prehistoric and early historic land use in the project area". r In addition, the following sites are additionally assessed as significant under Criterion "e" because the sites consist of petroglyphs and a possible shrine: • 23010—petroglyph, • 23038 —possible shrine, ■• • 23 011 — petroglyph, • 23042 — petroglyph Y 4.2.1.2 DLNR and Parkway Corridor Site Findings A total of 126 sites with 432 features have been documented within the project area. The sites consist of 23 sites that were identified during previous archaeological studies within the area, and 104 that were newly identified during the current project. One of the previously documented r sites could not be relocated. The 432 features consist of: • 170 Pahoehoe excavations; • 14 terraces; r • 80 cairns; • 10 platforms; Y 34 alignments; • 10 trails; • 26 overhangs; • 8 walls; ■ 23 lava blisters; ■ 7 pavements; �• • 22 enclosures; • 5 midden scatters; rlt Page 67 Y Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement • Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment ■ 4 mounds; ■ 4 sand areas; ■ 3 filled cracks; ■ 3 lava tubes; ■ 2 C -shapes; ■ 2 petroglyphs; • 2 walled terraces; ■ 1 artifact scatter; ■ 1 flat slab; 1 L -shape; • 1 metal tower and upright Nearly all of the permanent habitations are located within 200 meters of the shoreline below 25 foot elevation. Permanent habitation features are primarily clustered along the coast in two areas. One cluster consisting of four sites is situated on the southern coast of Kealakehe just north of the boundary with Keahuolu. The cluster includes one feature interpreted as a possible heiau. The other cluster is situated on the northern coast surrounding the small beach at `Alula and cluster of brackish water pools. The cluster includes seven dwelling foundations at three sites. The cluster includes a possible canoe shed and Makaopio Heiau. The remaining coastal permanent habitation sites are scattered along the coast between these two clusters. Human burials have been identified in three locations within the project area with three additional probable burial features also identified. The burial features consist of three platforms, a lava tube, and two filled cracks. Trail segments were identified in ten locations during the survey. Site 1898 Features C and F consist of wide walls that extend across ponds inland of Feature A (heiau). Both of these identified trail segments and heiau are located within the proposed "cultural park" of the Kona Kai Ola project, are slated for preservation and will not be disturbed. The most significant (in length) trail segment is 7704 which is 428 feet long marked by 26 aligned cairns. This trail segment is located on the makai boundary of the wastewater treatment plant and extends in a north -south direction but appears to be a partially constructed spur of another trail that was abandoned and not utilized. Based on the review criteria, all 126 sites are assessed as significant as Criterion "d". The sites have yielded information important for understanding prehistoric to historic land use in the project area. Three sites are also assessed under significant under Criterion "o" as good site type examples. Four sites that include ceremonial features have associations with traditional Hawaiian beliefs important to Hawaiian history and cultural identity and are additionally assessed under Criterion "e". In addition, five sites are assessed as culturally significant because probable pre -contact burials are present. Page 68 IP L] ■� Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment r+l 4.2.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations Implementation of the proposed project will impact on-site archaeological resources in varying yy degrees. The following outlines recommended mitigation measures and Figure Q depicts resources recommended for preservation: • The mapping, written descriptions, photography, and test excavations at fifty-four sites adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended. R•• Forty-seven sites are recommended for mitigation through data recovery. The plans for y data recovery would be detailed in a Data Recovery Plan prepared for DLNR-SHPD review and approval. r- Twenty-nine sites are recommended for preservation in accordance with a Site Preservation Plan prepared for DLNR-SHPD review and approval. These preservation ., sites include thirteen sites within the legislative boundary of Kaloko-Honok6hau National Historical Park that the developer intends to preserve. ■ The specific plans for preservation and maintenance of the burial features at five sites •• would be detailed in a Burial Treatment Plan prepared for DLNR-SHPD and the Hawaii `r Island Burial Council (HIBC) review and approval. H H d Page 69 ,rte "sem" Source: PBR HAWAII Figure Q: Archaeological Resources Legend Location Map O,Ir.. �.YM..Wioc..wl CpenuYylw Mplll Ii�lNeMF�F11� CpY�ltl�l aoW�lcpl� WM1y 1Y1Y NanewM ��rw.asFvue�.ar � re.d,y,. r.amm�.d.ee�n...rm a Val Al Man K conceptual only and Subject to change d W (C) z+ ad 0 Cm:wm M 3 JDI ,R Not to Scale JAwaY�LnevQonKsnrrl , INC. Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment ur °— 4.3 Visual Resources 4.3.1 Existing Conditions The Hmvai'i County General Plan characterizes the scenic beauty of various areas and identifies r sites and vistas of natural beauty. Although the subject property is not specifically listed as an example of natural beauty within the Kona districts, the view plane extending mauka and makai from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway is identified as such a site. The large geographical area o within this view plane includes the project site. ■ Palm Tree Corridor: There is a palm tree -lined road corridor extending makai from �.. Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway leading to Honokohau Harbor. The corridor is flanked by mature palm trees, some fronted by memorial plaques. While this lane is not formally acknowledged by the County, nor protected under County or State statutes, it is r acknowledged here as it is a unique feature of interest. • Proposed Harbormaster Facility: The Kona Kai Ola project will utilize the existing Honokohau Harbor entrance channel. DOBOR officials have expressed the importance of a harbormaster location with a clear view of the ocean entrance for boater safety reasons. At present the appropriate location is considered to be north of and across from the interior channel from the existing fuel dock. This would provide a much better view than the fuel dock side of the channel due to the visual obstruction associated with the existing park on the south side of the ocean entrance. This location was selected as the optimum position for controlling boat movement from both basins and through the existing ocean channel from a health and safety standard. Mauka views: Mauka views from the shore area, the proposed cultural park area and from the ocean are important from both a cultural and community quality of life perspective. As more of the West Hawaii coast become developed, the expansive views formerly so common, are jeopardized. Mount Hualalai, framed in the background by Mauna Loa and Y° Mauna Kea, is a prominent feature of North and South Kona and is a landmark along Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. '• 4.3.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation Due to its location within the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway view plane, the project has the ■■ potential to impact public views of the coastline in this area of North Kona. In addition to the General Plan, the West Hawai'i Coastal View Study of 1990 notes that "urbanization and public improvements may ...offer the greatest opportunity to protect, preserve, and where desirable, restore or improve the quality of coastal scenic and open space resources." Depending on the development plan for the commercial parcel, the palm trees along the existing rr entrance road to the harbor may need to be removed. However, portions of a proposed roadway may be able to incorporate some of the existing palm trees. Page 71 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment The proposed Harbormaster Control Tower is proposed to be a small two-story structure set back approximately 500 feet from the harbor entry channel and located in a small second floor area. Hence, this facility will be visible from the ocean and the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. Marina designers and DOBOR have determined that the harbormaster facility needs to be at the proposed location and at the proposed height to ensure the safety of marina traffic into and around the existing Honokohau Harbor and the new marina. To mitigate view impacts on the adjacent Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, design measures to minimize impacts will be employed. Further, it is proposed that the ground floor of the Harbormaster Control Tower be made available for park uses, such as a visitor center. To mitigate visual impacts, a 400 -foot buffer zone along the shoreline will be preserved as open space. Improvements within this buffer zone will be limited to lateral shoreline public trails, mauka-makai access trails from the project site, and cultural or environmental -related improvements relating to existing features within the buffer zone. No buildings or structures shall be proposed within the 400 -foot shoreline setback area, with the possible exception of culturally -related structures. To control building mass near the shoreline, development sites directly adjacent to the shoreline area are limited by design covenants to a lower unit density. Buildings immediately adjacent to the shoreline setback are proposed at one and two stories height to minimize building mass against the shoreline setback area. Buildings located further inland will increase to a maximum of four stories, in keeping with the "coconut tree height" general limit. The quantity of landscaped or re -naturalized open space should be emphasized near the setback area by design covenants. The northern edge of the large commercial parcel contiguous to the water feature by Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway will be limited by design covenants to one-story structures. Structures on the remaining area of the parcel will be limited to the equivalent of three stories in height. The larger building mass at the southern portion of the parcel will provide a screen for the existing earth berm around the waste water treatment plant from the Highway. Major roadways, parking areas, and areas surrounding all major structures will be landscaped in accordance with a landscape master plan. 4.4 Noise D.L. Adams Associates conducted a noise assessment for Kona Kai Ola; it is contained in Appendix M. The purpose of the assessment was to measure existing noise levels, predict future noise levels due to the project, evaluate the noise impacts anticipated from the project and recommend mitigation. 4.4.1 Existing Conditions and Methodology Long term and short term noise measurements were obtained at various locations around the project site. Long term measurements were recorded for 24 hours and the short term measurement was recorded for about 30 minutes. Page 72 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment �+ Long term measurements showed that hourly noise levels generally ranged from 37 dBA to 56 dBA. The average calculated day -night level near the Honokohau Harbor was 55 dBA. The average calculated levels at two locations near the Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant were 55 dBA and 58 dBA. Noise sources at the different locations included intermittent vehicular traffic on Kealakehe Parkway, wind, industrial and marina activities, occasional aircraft flyovers, and the waste water treatment plant blower noise. A vehicular traffic noise analysis was completed for the existing conditions, year 2020 with the OR project, and year 2020 without the project, using Federal standards. Three locations were used V and short and long term noise measurements were calculated. Figure R depicts the traffic analysis testing locations. s, At location A, along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, noise levels were calculated to be within the FHWA/DOT maximum noise limit of 72 dBA during peak traffic hours, at 74 s,■ feet from the roadway. Noise levels are expected to increase by less than 1 dB without `r the project and increase by 1 to 2 dB with the project. A 3 dB change is not considered significant. ^ At location B, along the proposed Kealakehe Parkway extension, at least 40 feet from the it roadway, noise levels are expected to equal the maximum noise limit of 67 dBA. Future traffic projections show that traffic noise levels are expected to increase by 3 to 5 dB with construction of the Kona Kai Ola project. At location C, along Kuakini Highway, noise predictions with and without the project are ". expected to be below the maximum noise limit of 67 dBA. The projected increase is less than 2 dB which is not a significant noise increase. ,. 4.4.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation It is not expected that project -generated noise will impact adjacent properties as they are mostly vacant or industrial. The only areas that may be affected are the Honok6hau Harbor users and the Fishing Club located south of Kealakehe Parkway. Commercial, hotel and time-share buildings completed in the initial phases may also be affected from construction noise due to subsequent phases as they are in very close proximity to the construction site. IM As there is a large portion of the development that has no overnight accommodations, and would contain commercial and light industrial use, noise from these uses could significantly impact the proposed noise sensitive hotel and time-share areas. Expected mechanical equipment may include air handling equipment, condensing units and other similar uses. Aircraft noise due to the Kona International Airport may be audible, although flights over the site are infrequent and the project site is outside of the Ldn 55 airport noise contour. At the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant, noise levels are compliant with the DOH and EPA noise limits, however, noise and tonal quality from the blowers could be found objectionable. At the Honokohau Harbor, intermittent industrial noises may be audible to the adjacent Kona Kai Ola time-share community. Mechanical noise from these areas must meet the State noise rules, which stipulate maximum permissible noise limits at the property line. H* 1 Page 73 HONOKOf+ MARINA Source: D.L. Adams Associates, Ltd. Figure R: Noise Measurement Locations E] Long Term Nope MemmmsM Location at Short Term Nope Memmment Locations Q Noise PredY:tiott Locations ❑ Project Location Plan is conceptual only and subject to change C3 Not to Scale (C) oclra 1& JAcon Deve[.onMT, Im. Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment Construction blasting, if required for the new marina, could produce noise impacts. However, blasting at construction sites near populated areas is usually accomplished by using numerous small charges detonated with small time delays. Blast mats can also be used to assist in directing the explosive energy into the rock, controlling flying debris, and muffling the noise. With the " appropriate blast design techniques, the noise from blasting can be controlled to minimize noise impacts. In addition, if the noise from blasting occurs in brief intervals, i.e., less than 10 percent of any 20 minute period, it is excluded from the State DOH noise limits. r, In cases where construction noise exceeds, or is expected to exceed, the State's "maximum permissible" property line noise levels, a permit must be obtained from the State DOH to allow the operation of vehicles, cranes, construction equipment, power tools, etc., which emit noise levels in excess of the "maximum permissible" levels. Mitigation of noise impacts from stationary mechanical equipment will occur resulting from compliance with the State DOH Community Noise Control rules. In addition noisy equipment will be located away from neighbors and the residential units, as much as practical. Enclosed mechanical rooms may be required for some equipment. Siting of onsite structures will also help to mitigate noise impacts. Commercial buildings that border Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway will be constructed at least 75 feet from the edge of pavement so as not to exceed FHWA's maximum exterior Leg noise limit of 72 dBA. Time-share buildings that border Kealakehe Parkway should be constructed at least 50 feet from the edge of ,., the pavement so as not to exceed the FHWA's maximum exterior Leq noise limit of 67 dBA. r Although noise levels at the perimeter of the wastewater treatment plant are compliant with DOH •, and EPA limits, further noise mitigation is recommended to attenuate the high frequency buzz emitted by the blowers at the Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant. Effective noise " mitigation may include the following: • Completing a rock berm along the northern property line will provide approximately 5-10 r dB noise reduction as well as a visual barrier around the site. • Consideration should be given to replacing aging equipment at the WWTP, such as the blowers, with quieter equipment. Mechanical equipment could be enclosed and sound absorptive material installed on the interior of the enclosure. Other typical noise mitigation for stationary equipment includes mufflers, silencers, and acoustical louvers. During marina construction, blast mats should be used to assist in directing the explosive energy into the rock, controlling flying debris, and muffling the noise. Use of appropriate blast design + techniques is required. Issues relating to underwater noise are addressed in Section 3.9.5. r + 4.5 Social Environment Social impact assessments identify and disclose information of use to decision makers and + citizens, as they evaluate the implications of proposed development. Because the social realm is extensive and not precisely defined, assessments typically contain substantial attention to community issues and perceptions, in addition to analyses of selected issues. The social impact + assessment, herein referred to as SIA, for this project is contained in Appendix N. r + Page 75 f. or Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment 4.5.1 Existing and Anticipated Future Socio-economic Environment 4.5.1.1 Population The Study Area of the SIA is West Hawaii, which includes North and South Kona, as well as South Kohala. Between 1990 and 2000, West Hawai`i's population increased from 43,373 to 56,301 persons, signifying a 30 percent increase. During this period, the de facto population increased by 33 percent, from 54,841 persons in 1990 to 72,673 persons in 2000. (The Hallstrom Group,2006) The region's population growth correlates with the growth in the visitor industry that has been occurring along West Hawaii's coast since the 1960s. The increase of accommodations that house the steady stream of visitors supports a healthy employment base, which, in tum, attracts many people to relocate to West Hawaii for job and entrepreneurial opportunities. Much of the population increase is attributed to in -migration. Census data indicate the percentage of West Hawaii residents born outside the state of Hawaii rose from 39.5 percent in 1980 to 48.9 percent in 2000. Comparable percentages for the rest of the county were 25.9 percent in 1980 and 31.0 percent in 2000. Thus, in -migration has clearly been funneled into West Hawaii in general and North Kona in particular, more than into the rest of the county. The forecast resident population for 2020 in West Hawaii is 100,357 persons, which represents an increase of 78 percent increase between 2000 and 2020. The forecast de facto population in West Hawaii is 126,345 persons, which is approximately a 74 percent increase brom 2000 to 2020. (The Hallstrom Group, 2006) Anticipated Impacts It is projected that the proposed hotel and timeshare units will begin generating on-site de facto population in Year 4 of development. At full build -out and stabilization in Year 15, the project is estimated to generate a de facto guest / timeshare owner population of 5,321 persons (The Hallstrom Group, 2006). This on-site population would account for four percent of the forecast 2020 de facto population for West Hawaii. The perceived impacts related to project population impacts are discussed in Section 4.5.4.2. 4.5.1.2 Economic Forces Economic conditions are major forces that influence the social environment. West Hawaii is now, and is projected to continue as, the Big Island's economic engine. During the 1960s, West Hawaii developed as a tourist destination as well as a commercial center. The first luxury hotel, the Kona Village, was built on the West Hawaii coast in 1965. In 1968, the Honokohau Harbor was created to help address the needs of boaters and tourists. The construction of the 272 -slip harbor helped stimulate development of a light industrial and commercial area in the adjoining area of Kailua-Kona. Page 76 a Ob Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment In 1975, the coastal Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway was completed. This became Kona's main industrial route, and it made Honokohau and nearby hotels easily accessible from the Kona International Airport. The construction of the highway precipitated a boom period financed - largely with Japanese capital that lasted until the early 1990s, when an economic downturn in Japan helped contribute to a statewide slowdown. �. Since 1990, average daily visitor census for Kona and the Big Island generally increased through 1998, dipped for a few years thereafter, but has surged strongly since 2001, when Hawaii became increasingly recognized as a safe tropical destination for Americans afraid of traveling e+ abroad. In 2005, Hawaii Island welcomed a record 1,487,747 visitors, who spent more than $1.5 billion. The Big Island's economic growth over the past decade or so has taken place almost entirely in West Hawaii. Sixty-one percent of the island's job growth occurred in West Hawaii. Most of the island's private -sector businesses and jobs are now located there, and the clear trend is for further development — based primarily on tourism and recreational real estate. Though many current residents still wish to defend the historic rural character of the area, the outlines of a future city are apparent for the area around Kailua, including Honokohau. y. Despite the growth in visitors, no significant new hotel development (other than renovations) has occurred in West Hawaii since 1990. West Hawaii hotel occupancies have lagged those of other islands. Time-share has represented a significant portion of the growth in overall visitor units (as compared to hotel units alone) in recent years. It is projected that the economy will continue to be driven primarily by growth in the visitor industry and associated recreational real estate. Tourism forecasts prepared by the Hawaii State Dept. of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism (DBEDT) are for the Big Island as a whole, not West Hawaii alone. Visitor units are projected to increase from 11,351 units in 2005 .. to 14,890 in 2030. The DBEDT forecasts anticipate an approximate 40 percent increase in employment over a 'r thirty-year period, from the island -wide job count of 65,000 in 2000 to 92,000 in 2030. Based on trends over the past decades, it may be assumed that most of these additional jobs will be located in West Hawaii, though housing issues make it less certain that the additional workers will live there. 4.5.2 Housing r 4.5.2.1 Existing Conditions Hawaii has longstanding issues regarding housing. These include the lowest homeowner rate, relatively small houses, high housing costs, crowding and a high percentage of workers per household. It is generally accepted that Neighbor Island resort areas such as West Hawaii have r even more acute housing issues. The 2000 Census shows that medians in North Kona ($233,900), South Kohala ($206,000), and South Kona ($213,100) were all substantially higher ' than the island wide median ($153,700). r Page 77 r� E Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment For renters, as of 2000, reported rents were generally higher in West Hawaii than the rest of the county, but so were wages — West Hawaii renters at that time actually paid a slightly lower percentage of household income for rent than elsewhere in the county. Large post -2000 increases in housing costs can be attributed to (1) housing prices catching up with real income increases; (2) a nationwide housing boom, especially in second homes, which is now abating; and (3) a surge in local real estate investment, from both local and off -shore purchasers. Both resort -residential and "pure residential" markets have now started to cool, but prices remain higher than the island wide median. 4.5.2.2 Affordable Housing Requirement Under Hawaii County Ordinance Chapter 11, Section 4 Affordable Housing Requirements, resort and hotel uses generating more than 100 employees on a full-time equivalent basis must earn one affordable housing credit for every four full-time equivalent jobs created. Kona Kai Ola developers are interested in pursuing housing opportunities for workforce housing in the lands mauka of the project site in the same or adjacent ahupua` a. The number of employees that would form the basis for the affordable housing requirement is undetermined at the time of this writing. JDI will comply with all affordable housing requirements of applicable Hawaii County ordinances. 4.5.3 Construction -Related Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The effects of construction related activities will depend greatly on how much other construction is occurring in the same area, and whether the economic cycle requires the in -migration of workers. Possible impacts include: Disruption of existing harbor activities (from blasting and dredging of expansion area, new infrastructure, and new buildings): Recommended mitigation includes compliance with public regulations and requirements governing construction and the development of communication and mitigation plans to deal with such issues. Actual or anticipated effects of blasting on nearby activities outside the project: In addition to proximate uses such as the National Historic Park and nearby business centers, schools and residential areas located even farther mauka are likely to be anxious about blasting. • Temporary housing and social issues associated with imported workers: If construction occurs when the economic cycle — which has now been "up" for an uncharacteristically long time — goes back to a "down" phase, the project's construction labor pool may well come from Big Island laborers already present. If not, there may be a need to import workers, build temporary quarters, and cope with some of the usual social side effects of transient workers during their off -hours. Page 78 ri Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment 4.5.4 Community Issues and Perceived Social Impacts Social impacts involve values and perceptions, and many concerns cannot be objectively determined with certainty in that cause -effect relationships are not always easy to determine. An important part of social impact assessment involved interviewing knowledgeable community leaders and observers from a wide spectrum of beliefs and interests. The bulk of the report consists of an examination of issues raised by 53 West Hawaii community stakeholders and subsequent possible mitigation actions. One set of interviewees consisted of marine and shoreline users in particular. The other consisted of general community stakeholders from business, civic, government, environmental, Native Hawaiian, and social agency perspectives. 4.5.4.1 Issues Related to Marine and Shoreline Environment Harbor: Most interviewees felt the current Honokohau marina facilities have deteriorated and that there is a significant need for additional slips. There was also approval for "green" engineering proposals related to pumping cold deep -seawater for air conditioning and circulation .. in the harbor. There were also resident concerns and questions about marina expansion. Impacts —. on offshore fishing stocks and boating safety due to feared congestion of the entrance channel were addressed in other EIS studies. An important issue was related about affordability of new slips for the local West Hawaii boating community, whether there will be a rich -poor division between the retained DLNR harbor area and the new marina area. Shoreline: There is a great demand in the general community for more shoreline parks, and some felt that any large project such as Kona Kai Ola should be required to develop a major public facility, such as a grassed -over West Hawaii version of O`ahu's Ala Moana Beach Park. On the other hand, many of those more familiar with the naturally rocky character of the shoreline, as well as existing Native Hawaiian archaeological features, were pleased with the developer's current plans to preserve the area in its present form, provide trails, and establish a 400 -foot setback area. Some, however, wanted an even greater setback, and even those concerned about protecting the area also wanted to be sure that public access is assured. Most seemed to want restroom facilities and a parking area for shoreline users. Possible mitigation measures discussed were to support high priority community infrastructure needs, including more shoreline parks. 4.5.4.2 Issues Related to Project Scale and "Growth -Generating" Nature fr The greatest community concern about the proposal was the sheer scale of proposed time-share and hotel development, and associated strains on infrastructure, including housing needs, from w visitors and in -migrant workers. +. The SIA noted a deep strain of public distrust that either government or developers can or will succeed in resolving growth -related "infrastructure overwhelm." People appeared so traumatized by the existing area -wide traffic situation that they often did not seem to register either (1) +� current government efforts to build new road capacity, or (2) the developer's commitment to extend Kealakehe Parkway to Kuakini Highway and Kailua-Kona through its own property and the adjacent parcel owned by the Queen Lili`uokalani Trust. r Page 79 YY W Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment A Similarly, most interviewees reacted to the proposed scale in relation to the current extreme West Hawaii labor shortage; only a few noted the current construction boom is tapering off and that harbor expansion could arguably help maintain the construction industry. A number of interviewees expressed dismay that DLNR has prohibited any owner -occupied housing uses on the property. They felt that such uses would be "growth -absorbing" rather than "growth -generating," and they urged reconsideration of this policy. The SIA notes that some people raising this issue were concerned about maintaining West Hawai`i's historical rural character, and it is inherently difficult for any large project to meet that group's concerns. However, many others were more concerned about correcting infrastructure deficits and better planning of future growth. Possible mitigation includes the up -front construction of the Kealakehe Parkway — Kuakini Highway connector to Kailua, as well as fulfilling all affordable housing requirements and developing provisional plans for housing construction workers if they need to be imported. Job training programs in conjunction with project implementation will also help to mitigate potential social impacts. Further. JDI will establish the Kona Kai Ola Community Foundation to support community efforts such as community development, community health care, job training, educational and cultural programs and projects and will contribute $100,000 as initial funding. 4.5.4.3 Project Compatibility with Existing and Emerging Community Short -Term Compatibility with Neighboring Uses: The most immediate compatibility concern is with the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park north of the project. The park primarily borders the existing DLNR harbor; only a relatively small part of the Kona Kai Ola project (in its northeast corner) would share a roughly 1,000 -foot boundary with the park. Park officials have expressed a number of concerns about the project, including environmental impacts and that the project includes some land on the south side of the harbor entrance which Congress included in the Park's "legislative boundary" but which the State has never actually transferred. There is a general sense that the Park's intended experience for both visitors and Native Hawaiian cultural practitioners assumes a certain solitude. This concern is not just related to Kona Kai Ola but also various other projects that will surround the Park with urban activities. A related concern is that staff resources could be overwhelmed with higher than expected visitation rates. Possible mitigation to address compatibility concerns includes working closely with NPS regarding the Harbor Master Tower, anchialine ponds and buffer areas. Further, education programs for Kona Kai Ola visitors about park resources, fragility, and cultural protocols will promote compatibility. Another short-term question is whether Kona Kai Ola will support or compete with the Kailua Village visitor area. Some interviewees assumed there will be synergy; others assumed competition. The actual outcome cannot be easily predicted, because it depends not only on what Kona Kai Ola does, but also upon success of the current new Kailua Village Business Improvement District or other efforts that reshape Kailua over the next few years. Page 80 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment N The proposed shuttle and water taxi services, as well as the Kealakehe Parkway connector to Kuakini Highway in Kailua, will help to foster a good relationship between on-site businesses " and Kailua Village. AIM Long -Term Relationship with the Future Character of Kona: Interviewees were divided on whether to accept an urban future for Kona. If one believes, however, that Kona is evolving into wr a city extending from Keauhou to Keahole, then the Kona Kai Ola project — along with Kailua Village and the intervening, yet -unplanned Queen Lili`uokalani Trust "Urban Expansion Area" — will comprise the coastal core of that city. Thus, what happens or does not happen at the project a site will be very critical for the long-term character of urban Kona. +■ An assessment of long term compatibility with the Kona region is as follows: Marine Orientation: The Kailua area has been traditionally connected to boating and deep-sea fishing. That sort of active interaction with the ocean — not simply using it as a scenic backdrop, as many resort areas do — makes Kona Kai Ola very compatible with the history of West Hawaii. The enlarged marina can open the doors for expanded marine support industries and connections with ocean research occurring elsewhere in the region. It can build upon a relatively unique aspect of Kona's identity, separating it from the m slower -paced resort and second -home enclaves north of the airport. It potentially ,. revitalizes and reinforces the area's "sense of place." lir Opportunityfor Native Halvaiian Identity Through Regional Planning: A possible future for Kona Kai Ola and West Hawaii, even with a thriving maritime orientation, is that it • will increasingly feel like a colony of Southern California. i However, some interviewees noted the project is located within a "triangle" of properties with important Native Hawaiian linkages: the National Historical Park to the north, the yet -little -developed Queen Lili`uokalani Trust lands to the south, and DHHL's expanding Villages of La`i `Opua to the east (mauka) and in the same ahupua`a. They noted that +■+ Kona Kai Ola development plans already include tentative linkages such as the connector ty road through Queen Lili`uokalani Trust lands and possible shuttles for workers living mauka of the site. Several suggested that government and landowners immediately north of Kailua work together on regional plans, both to address infrastructure questions and rr also to ensure incorporation of Hawaiian cultural values. Page 81 ■ Resident and Visitor Social Integration ("Mixed Use'): If leisure activity continues to drive the growth of West Hawaii, one critical aspect of its future character will be the extent to which there is de facto segregation of visitors and residents. There is unease about the growing prevalence of gated communities. If the Kona Kai Ola project, in the heart of the possible future city, feels unwelcoming to residents and a place for affluent yachters and other visitors alone, there may seem little hope for successful integration *' elsewhere. The Kona Kai Ola developers explicitly aim for a "Mixed Use" development ■ that brings residents and visitors together. Success in achieving that goal is critical, and so our final discussion below summarizes likely factors in achieving such success. ,tr Page 81 Kealakehe. North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment 4.5.4.4 Likely Drivers of "Mixed Use Success" Interviewees were asked about various project components intended to draw residents into the project because 1) of the social importance of the envisioned resident -visitor interaction, and 2) it is a social experiment of sort for the Big Island. Key factors are likely to be, in order: ■ Assurance of meeting the needs of existing recreational boaters. ■ Provision of marina amenities, such as a fishing club and yacht club, public promenade around marina, canoe park, and walking and cycling trails to connect with the marine -- science center and seawater lagoons. ■ Provision of shoreline and ocean recreational facilities. ■ Provision of community facilities in the seven acre parcel designated as a "Community Area." ■ Provision of public parking at the marina and shoreline. ■ Provision of a cultural park and related facilities to perpetuate the Hawaiian cultural " heritage of the site. 4.6 Economic Environment A market study was prepared to quantify the demand in West Hawaii for the various uses proposed in the proposed project, determine if there is market support for the uses proposed in Kona Kai Ola, and estimate the market absorption for the primary components. The market study conclusions were the basis for the economic impact analysis, which was then translated into a ._ public costs / benefits assessment. The market study, economic impact analysis and public costs / benefits assessment are contained in Appendix B. 4.6.1 Tourism in Hawaii and Hawaii Island On an overall basis, statewide and regional tourism trends are supportive of the proposed subject .r development. Tourism in Hawaii has recovered strongly since the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, which interrupted a gradual and extended upcycle that peaked during the prior year. Demonstrating the strength of the island visitor industry, the market quickly rebounded and continued to grow through 2005, with total arrivals up seven percent from the prior year, reaching an all-time high of 7.38 million. Records were also achieved in regards to total visitor days (67.1 million) and total visitor expenditures ($12.75 billion). As more people are spending • more days and more money in Hawaii, the tourism industry must be considered strong. The neighbor islands have been the biggest recipients of the recovery and upward trends, all showing growth during the past four years, with the Big Island experiencing substantial gains during the last three. Hawaii County arrivals were up 16.7 percent in 2005 to a record 1.49 million persons, and are up another 6.5 percent for 2006 based on data through September. „■ G 1`7 Page 82 op Ye Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment There were a record 9.8 million visitor days spent in the County last year, up 16.6 percent from 2004, and visitor expenditures were also at all time highs totaling $1.9 billion. These figures are expected to be achieved or surpassed again this year. ,xul It is estimated that upwards of 93 percent of Big Island tourism is directed to West Hawaii, a figure anticipated to continue climbing as further visitor interest drives resort development in the „u study area, while other locales further age or remain minor destinations. „ Kona and Kohala hotels have experienced full -recovery since 9/11, with major gains in 2005 moving them to all-time marks. Occupancy averages for Kona and Kohala hotels are at 75 and 72 percent, respectively, just off from last year's level. Profit margins for first class and luxury ., hotels in West Hawaii are also up across the board over the past four years, several points above statewide average growth. ., The West Hawaii Economic Market Sector, which stretches along the leeward coast of the Big Island from the North Kohala through South Kona Districts, has evolved significantly over the last two to three decades, creating a vibrant, urbanized, freestanding economy that will continue r to generate increasing demand for a wide range of land use types over the long-term. yr The majority of private capital invested in Hawaii County of late have been focused towards West Hawai`i's coastal destination resort communities, resident housing construction in the existing towns, and in the industrial/commercial districts of Kailua-Kona (particularly its 01 northerly reaches). Much of the continuing expansion of urban Kailua-Kona will occur in the corridor between Kailua-Kona and the Kona International Airport, from the shoreline to the rr mauka forests. The lower elevations, encompassing the Kona Kai Ola property, will continue its transformation into the central mixed-use core of West Hawaii containing a vast array of uses including resort, industrial/commercial, civic/public, and residential, along with large park/conservation areas along the ocean. The upland elevations will continue to be primarily residential. ltn While there has been fall-off from the record levels achieved by some market sectors last year, 2006 will still be among the best ever for West Hawaii, and continue the general overall upcycle which began late last decade. rt The economic, demographic and real estate trends are highly favorable in the primary study area over the coming two decades; the period during which the subject community would be r0 developed. 4.6.2 Market Appropriateness 4.6.2.1 Suitability of Project Site for Proposed Uses The master plan of the proposed development is appropriate for the region in which it is located, competitive with other leading projects in the state, and sufficiently comprehensive to provide a destination experience. It is representative of the highest and best use for the holding. rn ru Page 83 10 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement s Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment Ow From a market perspective, the subject site is a good to superior property for undertaking a major r resort community. The property enjoys a favorable location within an expanding community requiring a variety of vacant urban lands to meet a wide spectrum of local resident and (particularly) tourist demands. The project site has superior mixed-use development potentials given its size, physical and market characteristics, and is among the most appropriate sites in the region for such uses; ,. significantly being the only holding with marina expansion and National Park support potentials. It has an extensive ocean frontage and is adjacent to the major marina facility in West Hawaii, which will provide the focal theme of the project. Further, the property is highly proximate to the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, and within four miles of the Kona International Airport and central Kailua-Kona. It has access to available infrastructure systems and the region's primary thoroughfare; and, strong visibility, frontage/exposure, and intercept/recognition characteristics. ^' 4.6.2.2 Project Components The market study found that the greater Kailua-Kona region demonstrates significant demand for new, upscale tourist -oriented uses. There is a necessity for "fresh" lodging, shopping and thematic destinations if the area is to remain competitive with other statewide locales. No new hotel inventory has been built in decades, there has been just a single major time-share project (off -water) in recent years, and little has been done to exploit the marketing potentials of the world -renown Kona fishery. Available tourist -oriented commercial space in Kailua-Kona is near full occupancy, with the general and resident sectors also presently strong, and the subject marina -front village will be an intense, unique destination facility on the Big Island attracting tourists and locals. r The time-share (or interval ownership) sector has been the fastest growing segment of the transient lodging market in recent years, with several hundred new (or converted) units being .. added annually statewide. Time-share units have higher occupancies than hotels. Users enjoy longer stays, and feel more a part of the community than other travelers, and have spending levels approaching/at typical visitor levels. There is substantial unmet demand for new product in Kona, and it is estimated that the time-share units proposed for Kona Kai Ola would be absorbed in about 15 years if a variety of price and competitive unit types were made available. It has been a decade since the last major new hotel was constructed in West Hawaii, and since R that time visitor arrivals are up by nearly 50 percent and total visitor nights by almost 30 percent. There are few vacant sites remaining on the leeward coastline, and scarcer still that would support a modern, upscale project capable of achieving room rates competitive with the Kohala hotels. It is estimated that the 700 Kona Kai Ola hotel rooms would require six to ten years to be absorbed, with build -out expected in about seven years from completion of the community's infrastructure. Page 84 Ip r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment The marina front commercial village of Kona Kai Ola will be a unique destination facility sure to attract large numbers of regional visitors and residents, and undoubtedly become a major thematic attraction similar to Whaler's Village at K5'anapali. The demand for the development opportunity will be substantial, as will the interest in finished space. It is anticipated that the village will be one of the initial constructions in the development, and that it will be fully leased - up within 12 to 18 months of completion. The resident and de facto populations of West Hawaii are forecast to increase up to 50 percent over the next two decades, creating a demand for an additional two million square feet of ,w. leaseable floor space and 230 gross acres of development lands. While there are significant vacant holdings in the greater Kailua-Kona area, the subject highway -front lands will possess several competitive advantages which will enable them to achieve absorption in a reasonable term. It is estimated that 50 acres of highway -fronting commercial sites (supporting some 400,000 -plus square feet) will be absorbed within nine years from project infrastructure completion. The "guests/interval owners" of the Kona Kai Ola community alone will create an - on-site demand for some 150,000 square feet of floor space. The demand for marina berthing in West Hawaii is acute, and has been for more than a generation. The near -shore waters are considered among the best for sport fishing in the world, and offer excellent recreational, scenic and cruising opportunities. The waiting list for slips at the Honokohau Harbor abutting the subject lands currently stands at 146 persons (effectively at its maximum limit), which equates to a roughly 15 to 20 year wait, at minimum. Another 150 to 300 -plus persons would in a brief period lease slips were they made available in the area. Apart from some limited expansion potentials at Kawaihae Harbor, some 25 miles north and on the outlying edge of the primary market sphere, there are no plans being forwarded to meet the expressed berthing needs of West Hawaii. The success of the Ko Olina Marina (O`ahu) demonstrates the ability of a modern, comprehensive, market -priced facility to attract large numbers of boaters. It is forecasted that the 800 slips within the Kona Kai Ola marina will be absorbed in approximately 12 years from initial Y, offering. The adjacent eight acres of marina -supporting industrial lands will also be built -out and the finished space/sites absorbed within the same period (and likely sooner, say, within three to W. six years). (Hallstrom Study 2006) -- 4.6.3 Project Economic Impacts 4.6.3.1 Build -out and Absorption The build -out and absorption of the Kona Kai Ola master plan will require approximately 15 years from groundbreaking, with about three years for infrastructure emplacement, an additional nine years before the final time-share project is completed, and another three years to achieve final sell-out and community stabilization. Most components will be built -out and absorbed in shorter periods, as discussed in the previous section. The total direct capital investment into the property will be some $2.2 billion, along with r hundreds of millions of dollars in additional "soft" and contingency costs. Local contractors and suppliers will reap an estimated $219.8 million and $84.4 million in profits from the development, respectively. Page 85 W W, Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment 4.6.3.2 Employment and Wages Some 67,848 "worker years" will be created during the initial 18 years of community development and operation, with total wages of $2.26 billion. Nearly 8,730 of the worker years will be associated with on-site construction; another 43,643 in on-site hotel, time-share, retail, marina -related, and common element positions; and to contribute an equivalent of 16,835 off-site jobs. After build -out, the project will have 3,841 permanent on-site jobs and contribute to another 1,267 off-site, with total annual wages of $151.3 million in current dollars. 4.6.3.3 Visitor Spending The project will begin being populated by interval owners/guests and hotel guests in Year 4 of development. Growing from a daily average of 547 persons that year to a stabilized total of 5,321 persons when build -out and stabilization are reached by Year 18, they will spend an estimated $2.9 billion during the absorption period, and an annual average of $311.2 million thereafter. There will be no permanent residents or school -aged children permanently residing at Kona Kai Ola. 4.6.3.4 Sales and Revenues At stabilization, the operating businesses at Kona Kai Ola will generate an estimated $557.6 million in annual gross sales; of which roughly 30 percent will come from the resort population and 70 percent from other tourists and residents in the region. The three hotels, housing 700 total rooms in boutique first-class to comprehensive luxury facilities, will have an estimated minimum $115.6 million in annual revenues. The supporting businesses in the eight time-share projects are forecast to produce $65.7 million in total yearly income, and the 500,000 square feet of retail commercial space in the community (including the Marina Village) would have annual sales of $425.0 million. The expanded 800 slip marina basin and associated eight -acre industrial area will produce a stabilized gross income of $18.9 million per year, and the other minor operating components in the development (the proposed clubs, marine center and seawater lagoons) another $17 million in sales. The "base economic impact" of the subject to West Hawaii and elsewhere on the island will grow from $46.7 million in Year 1 to a stabilized level of $858.8 million annually; totaling $7.5 billion during the initial 18 years of construction and absorption. The "overall" economic impact created by the flow of monies through the Hawai `i market will be at least double these amounts. 4.6.4 Public Costs / Benefits Resulting from Project Development The analysis of the project's overall cost to the state and Hawaii County governmental services resulting from the subject development was based on both actual and per capita perspective. Page 86 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment 41- From an actual public service cost, Kona Kai Ola will represent only a fraction of the county and state efforts and overall urban/resort lands in use. Given the vast number of housing units, "N resorts, businesses, and agricultural lands on the island, it is difficult to assert that the subject •• development and users will create the need for meaningful expansion of existing public services. Nevertheless, the need for additional services is a cumulative effect. Each project, each resident, tourist and, to a lesser degree, business adds a little bit to the community base until increased •' "need thresholds" are reached. As an alternative to actual cost estimates, which are often disparate as they inherently cannot r provide for unexpected and/or atypical items, it is most common to project public costs on a per capita allocation based on the population of a given project. Government services are holistic in nature, providing a foundation throughout a community, regardless of actual, specific impact on any given land holding. A subject component may not have a need for off-site parks or schools, but they are essential to the patrons and workers and create the climate in which the business operates. Similarly, government administration, capital projects and public welfare items may have no direct relation to a particular project, but provide the economic underpinnings that enhance general overall economic success. The total annual "actual' cost to Hawaii County on a stabilized basis at build -out and full use of the subject development is estimated at less than $1.5 million per year. The State of Hawaii direct costs are estimated at circa $500,000 annually by Year 18 of the projection model. r Using a per capita allocation basis, the total costs to Hawaii County will escalate from $788,744 annually in Year 4 of the project, to a stabilized level of $7.7 million per year upon full absorption. The State of Hawaii costs will run from $3.75 million in the first year of occupancy to $36.5 million yearly at stabilization. ` The four primary taxes generated by the development and operation of Kona Kai Ola, and the amounts they are forecast to produce are as follows: Real Property Tax to Hawaii County -- Associated real property taxes will increase from $1.2 million in the first year to a stabilized annual level of $19.7 million (using current assessment rates). The total real property taxes collected during the 18 year absorption period will be $233.6 million. • Income Tax to the State of Hawaii -- Driven by the wages of the construction and ... operational employees in the community, and profits from subject businesses, the subject development will produce income tax payments estimated to grow from $2.0 million in Year 1 to above $10 million in high -construction years, before stabilizing at $8.8 million over the long-term. M During the model time -frame, the total income tax collected is projected at $146.7 million. rr Page 87 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment General Excise Tax to the State of Hawaii -- These tax receipts will flow from the construction contracts, expenditures in the region by subject workers (on and off-site), the gross sales of operating business, and the off-site purchases of Kona Kai Ola guests. The amount collected is forecast to be at $6.4 million in the first year of development, reaching upwards $33 million during major building years, and stabilizing at $32 million annually after build -out. The state will gamer an estimated $446.9 million in excise taxes during the model period. Transient Accommodation Tax -- 18.6 percent of the project -generated transient accommodation tax will go to Hawaii County and 55.2 percent will go to the State of Hawaii. Hotel room guests and time-share unit users will have to pay a tax of 7.25 percent on their effective daily lodging rate. For hotel guests the Average Daily Rate being charged is the basis for the tax; for time-shares it is the estimated nightly market rate for a resort unit of that type. This tax collection will begin in Year 4 of the development as the occupancy of the subject inventory commences, and will move upwards from $1.7 million annually initially, to an estimated stabilized amount of $12.98 million per year. During the projection period, the total receipts produced by this tax is forecast at $122 million. In correlating the public costs with the tax benefits, the result is meaningfully positive in every year for both the State and Hawaii County, with estimated total positive cash flows of $333.5 million for the State and $187.4 million for the County during the 18 year development/absorption period. The projected County net benefits on a stabilized annual basis are projected at $14.5 million. For the State, the stabilized benefit will be at $11.4 million per year. 4.7 Vehicular Traffic A traffic impact analysis study has been prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc. and is contained in Appendix O. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of an enhanced roadway network to accommodate the proposed Kona Kai Ola development, along with other projected development in the area. 4.7.1 Existing Roadway Network Primary components of the existing roadway network are as follows: M Page 88 ^' r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment • Queen Ka `ahumanu Highway: Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway is a two-lane, undivided major roadway that provides north -south mobility along the Kona coast. Running parallel to the coastline between Kawaihae and Kailua-Kona, Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway connects to the Kona International Airport, resort areas, and industrial developments a along the coast. South of Makala Boulevard, emphasis of the highway changes slightly to allow for more access to the town, sacrificing mobility. In the vicinity of Honokohau Harbor and Kealakehe Parkway, Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway provides single through lanes with striped medians and protected left turns. While left turns from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway are protected, major street left turns at certain intersections are also permitted during the through phase. There are no bicycle lanes on the highway; however, there is sufficient room in the shoulders to accommodate cyclists. Kealakehe Parkway: Kealakehe Parkway is a two-lane, undivided neighborhood roadway which provides access from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway to the mauka portions of the Kealakehe community including the Villages of La`i `Opua. The roadway runs mauka- makai, from Keanalehu Drive, crossing Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, and then terminating at the Honokohau Harbor. The makai extension of Kealakehe Parkway will be the primary roadway within the project, connecting to smaller, local roadways. Kuakini Highu-m,: Similar to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, the Kuakini Highway is also a two-lane, undivided major roadway. Kuakini Highway runs parallel to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, eventually merging in south Kailua-Kona town. The highway originates at Makala Boulevard, travels south through Kailua-Kona, merges with Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and terminates at Mamalahoa Highway in the Honalo area. .. Makala Boulevard Makala Boulevard is a short, mauka-makai roadway which provides _ access to the Makalapua Shopping Center on the mauka side of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, as we] I as the industrial area and old Kona Airport runway on the makai side. •• The roadway also connects Kuakini Highway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. 4.7.2 Current Traffic Issues Currently, Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway experiences significant congestion in the development area during the day. The State of Hawai' i Department of Transportation (HDOT) is currently ,,. widening Queen Ka'ahuinanu Highway from two to four lanes between Kealakehe Parkway and Henry Street in Kailua-Kona. The second phase of this widening project will widen Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway between Kealakehe Parkway and the Kona International Airport access r road. This widening project is key to addressing the existing congestion on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and to providing capacity for future growth in the Kona region. a Part of the reason for the existing congestion on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway is the lack of parallel roadways that could provide paths for north/south circulation within the Keahole - *• Kailua-Kona region. As a result, the existing Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway must serve regional, sub -regional, and local traffic. Related to the need for parallel north -south roadways is the need for mauka-makai roadways. These mauka-makai roadways would provide the ability for traffic •• to circulate between the regional, sub -regional, and local north -south roadways, allowing better use of the north -south roadways. n. .. Page 89 111 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii 4.7.3 Existing Transit Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment Currently, the island of Hawaii is serviced by the Hele-On bus system. The area north of Kailua- Kona is served by four routes, including Kona - Hilo, North Kohala - Kailua-Kona, Intra -Kona and Ocean View/Kailua-Kona. Both the Kona -Hilo route and the North Kohala-Kailua-Kona route occur once a day per direction per route. Both routes use Mamalahoa Highway/Palani Road north of Kailua-Kona. The Intra -Kona route runs five buses in each direction throughout the day starting in the early morning and ending in the evening. The Ocean View-Kailua-Kona route connects the Ocean View community with the Kona International Airport, making the trip once a day per direction. This route remains on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway throughout its route, passing by the Honokohau Harbor twice a day. 4.7.4 Existing Traffic Conditions The study area intersections were analyzed using accepted methods for signalized intersections in the 2000 Higlnvay Capacity Manual (HCM). Operating conditions at an intersection are expressed as Level of Service (LOS) A through F, with LOS A representing free-flow conditions and LOS F representing over -capacity conditions. • A — Little or No Delay • B — Short Traffic Delays • C — Average Traffic Delays • D — Long Traffic Delays • E — Very Long Traffic Delays • F — Demand volume exceeds capacity, resulting in extreme delays with queuing that may cause severe congestion and affect other movements at the intersection. 4.7.4.1 Kealakehe Parkway and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Due to the sheer volume of traffic on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, the intersection with Kealakehe Parkway operates at a 220 -second cycle during morning and evening peak periods. This is a logical way to process as much through -traffic on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway as possible. However, as a result, minor street approaches suffer because vehicles back up and wait through the long cycle length. Data collected on April 20, 2006, showed that the AM peak was found to be 7:45 AM to 8:45 AM, which coincides with the AM school peak. The PM peak hour was found to be 2:00 PM to 3:00 PM; but from about 1:30 PM to 4:30 PM, the wait in the southbound direction was persistent. Both the mauka-bound and makai-bound Kealakehe left/through approaches were found to operate at AM and PM peak periods at LOS F. Overall, the Kealakehe intersection, including all movements, operates with an intersection LOS of C. Page 90 r� Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment 4.7.4.2 Makala Boulevard and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway As with the Kealakehe intersection, mauka and makai-bound Makala left movements result in significant traffic delays. The mauka-bound Makala left turn operates at LOS E during the AM peak while the makai-bound left operates at LOS D during the AM and PM peak. Overall the Makala intersection, including all movements, operates with an intersection LOS of C to D. 4.7.5 Projections for Analysis The year 2020 was used as a base year for future development both with and without the Kona Kai Ola project. This base year was chosen to coincide with the horizon year of the current .. Island of Hawai `i Long Range Land Transportation Plan. Many of these improvements have been identified in the General Plan Interim Amendments: Planning Director's Proposed Changes to General Plan Document. Extension of Kealakehe Parkway makai of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway connecting to ■�■ Kuakini Highway • Construction of Keohokalole Highway mauka and parallel to Queen Ka`ahumanu r Highway ■ Construction of the Kealakehe Parkway extension east to Mamalahoa Highway. f For transit, the plan describes improving frequency of service with existing bus routes. 4.7.6 Proposed Year 2020 without Kona Kai Ola Project Based on a 2.5 -percent annual growth factor, analysis shows that there will be some traffic relief on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway with the projects assumed to be implemented. Overall, without the Kona Kai Ola project in year 2020, Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway's LOS is estimated to be about the same as current levels at the Kealakehe intersection and a better LOS at the Makala intersection due to additional roadway improvements and extensions. Minor streets are also projected to operate at satisfactory levels. The construction of the Kealakehe Parkway through `■ the Kona Kai Ola project site and connecting with Kuakini Highway is anticipated to be completed by the Year 2020. 4.7.7 Anticipated Project Impacts and Recommended Mitigation With the Kona Kai Ola project assumed to be completed in 2020 and with the proposed M implementation of roadways discussed earlier, future traffic volumes have been estimated with the anticipation of added trips from the development. The various components included in Kona Kai Ola will affect traffic levels. Page 91 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment With the project in place, it is estimated that about 1,500 trips will be generated during the AM peak period and about 3,400 trips will be generated during the PM peak period. With the project, traffic volume is estimated to be higher at all of the major intersections compared to traffic without the project. However the timing of the construction of road improvements will be �» changed with approval of the Kona Kai Ola project. With development of Kona Kai Ola, the Kuakini Highway extension road is anticipated to be built within the first two years (Phase 1). This is anticipated to be a more accelerated schedule than would occur without the Kona Kai Ola project. MN Overall, the Kona Kai Ola project will impact the nearby road network. Estimated LOS appears to be the same or worse than at levels without the project. There are also increased delays anticipated at all intersections during the AM and PM peak periods compared to delays expected without the project. r Overall, the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway corridor is expected to operate at an acceptable LOS s� during both the AM and PM peak periods with the Kona Kai Ola project in place. This is assumed that the proposed roadway improvements will be implemented to accommodate the additional volume. Though many of the proposed improvements have not begun, they will be �* necessary to handle the increased traffic flow as the Kona Kai Ola and La`i `Opua developments begin. JDI is therefore required by DHHL to complete a range of roadway improvements in the area. ,r With the improvements in place, intersections and roadways within the study area are projected to operate at an acceptable level. Though many of the turns into and out of the development and .. nearby communities are rated at LOS C or below, the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway widening, ,w Keohokalole Highway construction, and Kealakehe extension will help the roadway system operate at an acceptable level. Based on the intersection operations, the following mitigation measures are recommended to be implemented in conjunction with the proposed Kona Kai Ola development: • Signalize the Makala Boulevard/Kuakini Highway. r. • At the Kealakehe Parkway/Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway intersection, reconfigure the ,. intersection to double left turn lanes, double through lanes turn, and an exclusive right turn lane at all approaches. L-3 • At the Police Station Access Road/Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway intersection, reconfigure " the mauka-bound approach to exclusive left through turn, and right turn lanes. ,. • Strongly promote the use of public transit for hotel/time-share employees. Consider the possibility of employees using an off-site parking lot and bussing in. To connect Kona Kai Ola with the neighboring communities, Kona International Airport, and Kailua-Kona Village, the project proposes to sponsor a regularly scheduled shuttle service, so that people could utilize Kona Kai Ola without having to use a car for access. ■ Construct and realign Kealakehe Parkway makai of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and through the lands of Queen Lili`uokalani Trust connecting with Kuakini Highway in Kailua-Kona in the first phase of the project. Page 92 M Keatakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii 4.8 Marina Traffic Study Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment A boat traffic study was completed as part of the Moffatt & Nichol design of the marina �+ expansion and is contained in Appendix P. 4.8.1 Existing Conditions Honokohau Harbor's initial construction commenced in 1969 and included the ocean entrance *� access channel and outer berthing basin. The inner basin was added in 1976. The entire marina basin was excavated from lava rock. The marina is operated by DLNR under its Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation. Basic features include: ■ Honokohau Harbor has existing 272 wet slips, including 120 slips supporting commercial operations such as sport fishing. a Navigation access to the ocean is via an approximately 120 -foot wide entrance channel. r0 The harbor slips are at full occupancy. ,.0 The harbor also has two 2 -lane launch ramps with auto parking and trailer parking re spaces. a The outer basin has a fuel dock. a The primary use of the marina is for recreational boating and related activities including rr sailing, sport fishing, snorkeling and SCUBA diving, and paddling. +�0 The proposed project will add marina slips that will access the ocean via the existing marina entrance channel. .. The boat traffic study evaluated the impacts of adding a new marina basin with up to 800 boat slips on navigation of recreational boat traffic within the Honokohau Harbor and the entrance channel. The general approach for the analysis involved quantifying existing boat conditions, �. conducting interviews with key harbor users and administrative personnel, a review of small W craft harbor design guidelines and the quantification of impacts through the use of a boat traffic simulation model. For the Kona Kai Ola project, the boat traffic simulation model called SAMBT (Simulation and Animation Model of Boat Traffic) was used. This model was specifically developed to analyze recreational boat traffic in small craft harbors. The existing marina has access to the ocean via a 120 -foot wide entrance channel. As part of this boat study traffic survey, boat traffic counts through the channel were taken on "typical" and holiday weekdays and weekends between the end of May and July 2006. Currently the marina entrance exhibits relatively mild traffic conditions (LOS C or milder). During peak sport fishing activity, the entrance channel traffic spikes at LOS E during the peak afternoon return period. The traffic flow just barely reaches LOS E at 64 percent of channel carrying capacity. Given the .. fact that this peak traffic flow can be a common occurrence during tournaments and the sport fishing fleet is generally respectful, this traffic condition is considered tolerable and does not pose a serious congestion issue as could be expected for LOS E traffic conditions. (The LOS — Levels of Service definitions are consistent with those used in Section 4.7.). w Page 93 Ytt Kealakehe. North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment An important issue related to the entrance channel is the impact of queuing on traffic congestion and boater safety. Boater interviews indicated that there was no real cause for concern for boats queuing offshore to return to the harbor, since there is plenty of maneuvering area and boaters will be willing to wait their tum. The area of concern was queuing to leave the harbor within the outer marina basin. This area is already congested due to the fuel dock and transient dock area. Interview Findings Boat traffic congestion is a subjective topic. The degree of congestion and its impact on the harbor depends on the vessel operator skill and tolerance, vessel type, frequency of congested conditions and impacts of the vessel operator's use of the waterway. Interviews with both harbor administrators and long time users provide critical information regarding workings of the harbor including traffic patterns, coordination of multiple uses, and any existing problems related to boat traffic congestion. They also provide valuable insight regarding planning for the future marina expansion. Various individuals and stakeholders were interviewed regarding existing harbor conditions. The general consensus is that the harbor entrance does not become too congested. The channel is highly utilized during peak sport fishing activities, but operates in an orderly fashion. Boats generally transit the entrance channel in two "lanes;" one for outbound and one for inbound traffic. There is insufficient width for two boats to travel abreast if there is opposing vessel traffic in the vicinity. The amount of trailer boat activity is limited by available parking; tournaments can have up to 150 trailer boats. Significant congestion can occur in the vicinity of the fuel dock resulting from vessel queuing to use the fuel dock or load/unload passengers at the adjacent transient docks. These problems are exacerbated during wave surge conditions in the outer basin. 4.8.2 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The new marina will result in an approximately three -fold increase in boat traffic and related marine activities, including fishing, scuba diving, dolphin and manta ray watching, snorkeling, dinner cruises and similar uses. Honokohau Bay is currently the most heavily used area along the Kona coast for diving and water -related activities, due to the presence of Honokohau Harbor, the largest and most heavily used recreational and commercial harbor along the Kona coast. Adding 800 slips in the new marina may cause entrance channel congestion during varying combinations of existing and new marina peak traffic flow. Worst case conditions of active sport fishing weekend and summer holiday recreational traffic result in traffic volumes exceeding capacity over a short afternoon period. Following are a comparison of existing LOS conditions and 800 -slip anticipated LOS conditions. ■ Existing Only —Average Existing Conditions - LOS C • Existing Only — Peak Existing Conditions - LOS E • With 800 Slip Project, Average Existing Conditions -LOSE • With 800 Slip Project, Peak Existing Conditions - LOS E • With 800 Slip Project, (Holiday) Average Existing -LOSE Page 94 M UL Kealakehe. North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment Xa With 800 Slip Project, (Holiday) Peak Existing - LOS F Concerns have been raised regarding the ability of the existing marina entrance to accommodate Yr 800 additional slips. To address the sensitivity of boat traffic to size of the marina expansion, analyses were also conducted for an alternate reduced -size 600 slip marina expansion. The possible reduction of the marina from 800 to 600 slips results in a reduced traffic flow of 6 ar percent -I 1percent for average and peak conditions. As seen below, the 600 slip marina slightly avoids the LOS F condition under peak holiday conditions. • With 600 Slip Project, Average Existing Conditions - LOS D wr With 600 Slip Project, Peak Existing Conditions -LOSE • With 600 Slip Project, (Holiday) Average Existing -LOSE • With 600 Slip Project, (Holiday) Peak Existing - LOS E Presently, the Honok6hau Harbor entrance channel has no major traffic congestion problems. IN The entrance channel can exhibit short periods of high traffic volume during active sport fishing tournament season. The length of the constricted entrance channel is relatively short, thereby reducing congestion impacts. However, the outer berthing basin does become congested resulting from fuel dock and transient dock activities. The development of the new 800 slip ., private marina would cause a significant increase of boater activity in the harbor entrance and Er possible severe congestion during peak use periods. Mitigation measures could include traffic control, such as staggering of sport fish tournament traffic, implementation of a permanent manned traffic control tower or harbor patrol, or limiting vessel size. Other possible mitigation measures include widening the entrance channel or reducing the number of slips to 600. Widening the entrance channel by approximately 50 feet could reduce projected traffic congestion in half. A potential downside to this would be increased wave penetration into the harbor. Reducing the added recreational slip count to 600 may result in an average traffic flow reduction of 6 percent to I 1 percent, and avoids the capacity exceedence during peak usage conditions. Regarding reduction of boat slips, the development agreement with DLNR presently requires that JDI develop and construct a new marina basin containing not less than 800 new boat slips. There was a general consensus among those interviewed that the sport fish charter fleet should not expand due to limited demand and existing significant competition. The allowance of up to 50 percent of the slips in the existing harbor to support commercial operations was cited as 'i partial cause for the excess supply. There was also broad consensus that a harbormaster building for effective observations on entrance channel activities would be a critical element of the proposed marina expansion. Further it was asked that critical consideration be given to a boat evacuation plan in the event of a tsunami. Page 95 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment Regarding moorings, day mooring buoys are currently installed in a cooperative arrangement with the dive charter industry, the Malama Kai Foundation, and the State of Hawaii. In the coastal reach from Keahole Point to Keahuolu day mooring buoys are near capacity for the dive operators currently operating out of Honokohau Harbor. During times when heavy surf closes U.L out sections of the coastline, boats from Keauhou Bay will add to the demand, often resulting in either an aborted dive trip or boats anchoring rather than utilizing the day mooring. Increased levels of diving activities as the result of the new marina will overload the existing moorings. To minimize the impacts of increased entrance channel traffic, it is recommended that an educational program and appropriate signage concerning boating to educate new and existing boater on rules -of -the -road and entrance channel protocol be developed. This information will include safe navigation during high wave conditions, use of proper judgment when scheduled to leave the harbor during high wave conditions, and proper seamanship if caught offshore during .. high wave conditions. Further, effective signage is to be installed cautioning boaters to be aware of both traffic and ocean conditions before leaving the harbor. Additionally, some form of traffic control including staggering of sport fishing tournament traffic, implementation of a permanent manned traffic control tower or harbor patrol, and limiting vessel size should be implemented in the event that excessive traffic congestion becomes an issue. Consideration should be given by DLNR to extend the "Slow No -Wake" zone out to the first green buoy as vessels enter and leave the harbor's entrance channel. Further, the installation of fifteen additional day -use mooring buoys at sites selected by appropriate regulatory agencies for vessels to use would help prevent anchor damage to coral reefs. 4.9 Trails, Bike Paths and Pedestrian Access r M Public access to and through the project site must be maintained from a cultural, recreational and r Conservation District perspective. In keeping with the sustainable theme of the development and to ensure and enhance public access to the site, Kona Kai Ola proposes to create a network of trails and pedestrian access points both mauka-makai and laterally along the shore. Bike paths will be included as part of the transportation network. The layout for the entire development at Kona Kai Ola will be designed at a density and scale which encourages walking, biking and transit usage. +. Where appropriate, public trails will connect culturally and historically significant features on the project site by improving public access via trails. Per discussions with both Na Ala Hele Trails and Access Program and the Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands, a trail network will be established to and within the 400 -foot setback area along the shoreline. Also known as King's Highway or the Mamalahoa Trail, the King's Trail is a rugged lava road built between 1836 and 1855 and extended around most of the island. There is a one -mile section of the trail inside the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. No evidence of this specific trail on the " Kona Kai Ola project site was disclosed in the archaeological or cultural studies. .. Page 96 «e EM Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment - Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation Both the cultural studies and archaeological assessments for this project describe various historic trail sections throughout the site. Most of the remnant trails are partial segments of a possible historic network, but there are no substantial segments intact. The project will seek to improve public access, preserve and where appropriate, enhance cultural and historical features in the area and emphasize non -vehicle transportation around the project area. M Kona Kai Ola will be designed as a pedestrian friendly mixed-use commercial village that will n, have a bike path, trail system and sidewalk system to encourage walking and cycling. The project will connect pedestrian trails that connect to the project site from neighboring lands as a way to help create a trail system that could be part of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail tl. system, as well as to implement a bike path, trail system and sidewalk system to encourage these activities. °' 4.10 Public Services and Infrastructure Facilities m 4.10.1 Police Protection Services The project site is in Beat 633 of the Hawaii County Police Department. This beat is covered by the Kealakehe Police Substation, which is located on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, adjacent to r the project site. Twenty-four hour police protection is provided to both North and South Kona = with approximately 50 police officers. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations The proposed project "ill impact police protection services due to increased activity and people at the project site. The project will include venues for recreation and gathering, lodging, shopping and other features that imply community gathering and interaction. These impacts are not significant, however. r Mitigation measures to address such impacts are in two categories. On-site security measures, = including security personnel and programs, can help to deter crime. The design of public spaces can also help to deter crime by avoiding isolated areas, using effective lighting and enhancing visibility. r 4.10.2 Fire Protection Services The project site is served by the Kailua-Kona Fire Station, which is located approximately three miles south of the project site, at the intersection of Palani Road and Queen Ka`ahumanu ~ Highway. The station has a single pumper fire truck, life-saving boat, and an ambulance. A staff of 18 firefighters and emergency personnel provides 24-hour service. Response time to 'n the project site is five minutes. _ a m r Page 97 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The proposed project will impact fire protection services due to the increase of urban uses and on-site population. Mitigation measures to lessen impacts on fire protection services can be achieved through conformance with public regulations related to structures and water fireflow requirements. " 4.10.3 Medical Services The project site is served by the State -operated Kona Community Hospital, which is located W approximately 14 miles south of the project site in Kealakekua. Kona Community Hospital is a 94 -bed full service hospital located in Kealakekua, and is the primary health care facility serving West Hawaii. The facility includes 33 Medical Surgical acute care beds; 34 Skilled Nursing/Long Term Care beds; seven Obstetrics beds; eleven behavioral health unit beds; and, a nine intensive care unit beds. ■■ Patient services include: (HHSC, April 2006) .. ■ 24-hour Emergency Room ■ Inpatient & Outpatient Surgery • Long -Term Care / Skilled Nursing ^ • Acute Inpatient Care (Obstetrics/Gynecology, Medical/Surgical, Intensive Care, Behavioral Health, Skilled Nursing/Long Term Care) .. • Outpatient Nursing Services (Chemotherapy) • Rehabilitation Services (PT, OT, Respiratory Therapy, Speech Therapy) • Pharmacy ■ Laboratory and Pathology Services • Imaging Center (MRI, 16 -slice CT Scan, Ultrasound, Echocardiogram, Nuclear r Medicine) • Cardiology *• ■ Radiation Therapy (April 2005) •■ • Physician Specialties (General Surgery, Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Medical ,. Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Pediatrics, OB/GYN, Urology, ENT, Ophthalmology, Plastic Surgery) r In 2005, utilization at Kona Community Hospital is summarized as follows: • 4,069 admissions: • 447 births ■ 1,029 inpatient Surgeries ■ 1,522 outpatient Surgeries • 16,015 emergency visits Page 98 '■� �r Kealakehe. North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment The hospital was constructed in 1975, and has undergone numerous renovations. A new Intensive Care Unit and expanded operating room area was added in 1990. In 1998-99, the obstetric unit was remodeled, emergency department renovated, and supply and admissions areas expanded. Limited emergency care services are also available at the privately owned and operated Hualdlai 0 Urgent Care facility in Kailua-Kona, approximately 4 miles south of the project site. ..► State officials recently announced that land was being set aside in Kealakehe mauka of the w project site for a Kona Medical Center. ... Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations Kona Kai Ola may impact medical facilities because of the increase in de facto population due to additional visitors, and a likely increase of resident population due to employment-related in - migration. Although residential use is not a permitted use on the leased lands, JDI is planning to "" construct worker housing on a nearby site that will be leased at below market rents. The extent of in -migration due to employment is undetermined at this time. The anticipated population growth for the region has stimulated plans for the development of future medical facilities. Potential impacts on existing medical facilities will be mitigated by the addition of new facilities. In the Villages of La`i `Opua located immediately mauka of Kona Kai Ola, a site is designated for Hospital use, and allocations have been made utility needs. 4.10.4 Public Educational Facilities r The Kealakehe Intermediate School located in Kailua-Kona educates students in grades six through eight and had a fall enrollment of 1,052 during the 2004-2005 school year. Kealakehe .. High School is located near to the intermediate school, and serves grades 9 through 12. The high school's fall enrollment during the 2004-2005 school year was 1,450. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigations Since there are no permanent residences permitted at the site, there will be no direct impact on area schools. Although residential use is not a permitted use on the leased lands, JDI is planning to construct worker housing on a nearby site that will be leased at below market rents. A separate .. analysis of impacts on public education facilities will need to be done for the workforce housing m that is to be part of this project, and built off-site and potentially mauka of the project site. No mitigations are recommended at this time. • Page 99 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment 4.10.5 Drainage and Storm Water Facilities The development of Kona Kai Ola may increase drainage flows, quantities, velocities, erosion and sediment run-off. This DEIS takes into consideration storm runoff generated from the proposed streets. Each individual development parcel will address its own storm runoff as required. The storm drainage facilities designed for the site will take advantage of the porosity of the existing rocky landscape and the minimal slope, through the use of grading and dry wells, per County requirements. Storm run-off that discharges into the drywell system will tend to migrate towards the manmade lagoons. The lagoons will therefore be lined to prevent influence of such storm runoff. The Hawaii County Public Works Department generally requires that on-site storm drainage facilities be sized to exceed pre -development drainage quantities, and be designed to result in quantities of storm water leaving the site, not exceeding those quantities entering the site. Unlike the DLNR property, roadways within the DHHL property cannot be dedicated to the County of Hawaii in fee. To obtain a license agreement for maintenance with the County, the entire storm water system will be designed to conform to the Hawaii County Public Works Storm Drainage Standards. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The proposed project will increase the proportion of impervious surfaces on the subject property through paving and reconfigure the topography, thereby adding to total runoff. This will necessitate the development of an appropriate drainage system to handle the increased and altered drainage patterns. Roadways in the new developed configuration will be dedicated to the County of Hawaii, so the storm drainage system will be required to conform to the Department of Public Works Storm Drainage Standards. Due to the rocky and porous nature of the soils, the County allows the use of drywells. Drywells typically vary in depth from 10 to 30 feet depending upon the permeability of the underlying soil or rock. Drywells will typically consist of a catch basin type design, with an opening at the curb and gutter. The depth of the catch basin structure will vary depending upon the depth of the rock. During the design of the drywell system, the percolation rates at proposed drywell locations will be determined. Recommended mitigation measures are as follows: The proposed development is located makai of the Underground Injection Well (UIC) line. Since drywells are considered injection wells, the developer is required to secure a UIC Well Permit, from the Department of Health (DOH), Safe Drinking Water Branch. Groundwater migration in the area is a concern especially with the construction of natural lagoons within the proposed development. Therefore, the recommendations from a hydrogeologist should be sought to assist with the design of the drywell system. All construction activities will comply with the County's grading permit requirements and the State's fugitive dust regulations. Page 100 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment ■ A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit will be obtained before construction begins and the project will comply with all NPDES permit requirements including implementation and monitoring of all DOH -approved Best Management Practices. 4.10.6 Waste Water Facilities rNY A North Kona Server Master Plan is being developed for the County of Hawaii Department of Environmental Management (DEM) to address future sewer improvements necessary to serve wa projected development in the North Kona region of the Island of Hawaii. This sewer master plan would then be used to develop an Implementation Study to support the establishment of an "Improvement District' for North Kona by the County Council (NKSMP 2006). Kona Kai Ola is wY being designed to be consistent with the North Kona Sewer Master Plan and will participate in any subsequent improvement district. ow The proposed development is located within the service area of the Kealakehe WWTP. The Kealakehe WWTP is a County owned and operated wastewater treatment plant which has been in operation since March 1993. The WWTP currently receives about 1.8 million gallons of w wastewater per day and treats it to R-2 reuse level. The Kealakehe WWTP has a design capacity of 5.3 million gallons per day (mgd) when operating all five of its lagoons. This capacity is considered the 20 -year design which was initiated in year 2000. A sixth lagoon was included in Yr the original design but was never constructed. The space for the sixth lagoon remains vacant and undeveloped. Activating the sixth lagoon increases plant capacity to 7.8 mgd. (CP&E 2006) ,,,t Wastewater is delivered to the WWTP through an existing 30 -inch gravity sewer and 24 -inch force main. The 30 -inch sewer delivers wastewater from the mauka properties across Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, while the 24 -inch force main transports wastewater from the Kailua- Kona area. Wastewater is discharged into aerated lagoons. The effluent pump station receives the treated wastewater from the lagoons, treats it with chlorine, and pumps it into a temporary sump located across Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway for overland disposal. ar Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation The sewer system will be comprised of a network of gravity sewers, force mains and pumping stations which collect and convey wastewater to the existing Kealakehe WWTP. Gravity sewer lines are oversized to provide 15 percent excess capacity at the given slope. With the exception of one sewer line, the gravity lines will all discharge into one of the four pump stations. Over 95 percent of the wastewater generated onsite will be handled by the major pumping stations. The pumps selected for these facilities will be designed to meet peak flow requirements based on the a current development proposed at the site. All pump stations will be equipped with a standby pump that will be equal to the largest pumping unit. The following are recommended to mitigate project impacts Yr Page 101 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment The usage of recycled/RI water would decrease the demand on the domestic water resources and provide an alternate source of irrigation water for many developers. The demand for recycled water was expressed by numerous stakeholders in the project area including the developers of Kona Kai Ola, as part of the research for the North Kona Sewer Master Plan (Forum 2002). It is recommended that the infrastructure for the use of recycled R water, be incorporated into the sewerage plan. w. The project will need to work with Hawaii County to upgrade the Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant so that it operates efficiently and that it treats the effluent —• sufficiently to produce R-1 reclaimed water suitable for re -use. It is anticipated that the Kona Kai Ola project non -potable water facilities, including any Rl irrigation facilities, will ultimately connect to the County's proposed effluent reuse system. 4.10.7 Solid Waste Facilities "• Solid waste generated in West Hawaii is disposed of at the Pu`uanahulu West Hawaii Landfill, a 300 -acre facility located approximately fifteen miles north at Waikoloa on the mauka side of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. The total amount of solid waste that is managed by the County system was approximately 160,000 tons in the Year 2000. Approximately 45 percent, or 70,000 tons, was deposited in South Hilo Landfill, and approximately 55 percent, or 90,000 tons, was deposited in Pu`uanahulu Landfill. Recyclers in the County of Hawaii diverted approximately 13 percent of its waste during FY 1998/1999 compared to a rate of 19 percent for the state and 28 percent nationally. (ISWMP 2002) Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation Construction -related solid wastes will be generated over a relatively short time period and will consist primarily of vegetation, rocks, and other debris resulting from the clearing and grading of the area as well as the construction of buildings. The operation of the project will also generate ■► solid waste associated with the use and maintenance of the time-share units, hotel units and commercial/marina facilities. As of 2002, Pu`uanahulu Landfill has more than 12,000,000 cubic yards of permitted air space, which should be enough to accommodate the current waste stream +► from west Hawaii for approximately 40 years. This facility is expected to be able to serve the County's needs into the future. However, diversion of waste by recycling and the use of waste reduction technologies would reduce the disposed waste stream and extend the life of the w landfill. (ISWMP 2002) r Recommended mitigations include: .. • Reuse the excavated material on site as much as possible. .. • The contractor will be required to remove all debris from the project site, and properly dispose of it at the Pu`uanahulu Landfill in conformance with County regulations. • Seek to divert over 50 percent of the waste generated during construction by the preparation and implementation of a construction waste management plan consistent with LEED criteria. Page 102 �* Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment • Create and maintain an extensive recycling program that will reduce waste generated on site by 90 percent. • Produce compost from the restaurant and time-share buildings for use on and off site for use as natural fertilizer. �. 4.10.8 Potable Water Facilities w The Hawaii County Department of Water Supply (DWS) provides and maintains various public water systems on the Island of Hawaii. Prior to development of wells mauka of the old "'a Mamalahoa Highway, the main source of potable water was the Kahalu`u Shaft Wells. Water was pumped from the Kahalu`u Shaft Wells to storage tanks to the north to provide service. As development progressed, DWS recognized that the development of wells mauka of the old •' Mamalahoa Highway was imminent. Presently, DWS has wells in operation within the Kealakehe sector. Honokohau Well (State Well No. 4158-02) • Keahuolu (QLT #I) Well (State Well No. 4057-01) r There are other planned water improvements to the DWS system in the area. DHHL and the Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation (HHFDC) anticipate development of four wells mauka of the old Mamalahoa Highway to support their projects. These wells include: twE Kealakehe Well (State No. 4057-04) '^0 North Keopu Well (State Well No. not available) South Keopu Well #3 (State Well No. 3957-02) • Keopu Well (State Well No. 3957-03) rr Water system improvements, including wells, reservoirs and mains, for private development are usually dedicated to the County DWS after they are in operation. As part of the process, private developers secure a Water Agreement with DWS to define the allowable water credits and rr Facilities Charge for the development. Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation r The Kona Kai Ola Master Development Plan was used as a base to determine estimated water demands required for the project. Water demand is summarized as follows: r Average Daily Demand = 1,765,750 gallons per day (gpd) • Maximum Daily Demand = 2,648,625 gpd • Peak Hour Demand = 8,828,750 gpd Presently, DWS sources are not adequate to support the project. Source development is a primary rr requirement. Initial coordination with DLNR has identified two possible sources that may possibly be used for the project. DLNR anticipates a sustainable yield of each well to be approximately 1.5 million gallons per day. Keopu Well #2 (State Well No. 3957-02) • Keopu Well #4 (State Well No. 3857-02) s w• r Page 103 Kealakehe, North Kona District Rona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment W W The proposed water system will also include transmission and storage facilities. Initial communications with Queen Lili`uokalani Trust indicates an interest in partnering with Kona Kai Ola and allowing the needed transmission main corridor/easement through their property. However, the Queen Lili`uokalani Trust has not yet identified a development proposal on their property to the south. Water transmission corridors may alternately be coordinated with the State Department of Transportation as part of their highway improvements. While discussions continue with the Queen Lili`uokalani Trust, the storage tank that will serve the project will be located either on TMK 7-4-08:56 or 7-4-20:22. The proposed water system improvements and proposed operation criteria are based on Chapter 5, Hawaii County Department of Water Supply Potable Water System Design Standards. It is recommended that the following mitigating measures be used: M Reduce use of potable water used in fixtures and appliances by 80 percent relative to a ` basecase building. The development should incorporate innovative water recycling techniques, the incorporation of water efficient fixtures and appliances, and the recycling of graywater for toilet flushing. Reduce or eliminate the need for potable irrigation by incorporating Hawaiian or other appropriate dryland plants in the Kona Kai Ola landscaping plan, retention of the black lava features abundant on the site, use of brackish water to irrigate vegetation that is not affected by salt levels and the use of rainwater cisterns and the recycling of graywater from showers, laundry, dishwasher, and hand sinks for irrigation. .. 4.10.9 Energy and Communications 4.10.9.1 Electrical Electrical power on the Island of Hawaii is provided by Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. (HELCo), a privately owned utility company regulated by the State Public Utilities Commission. HELCo's current generation system capacity is 240MW with a reserve of 29 MW. The Keahole *. generating plant, along with some facilities in East Hawaii, provides capacity to the Honokohau area. Along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, HELCo's existing facilities consist of double 69 kV circuits and a single 12.47 kV circuit on a joint use pole line. HELCo's electrical service to the existing commercial properties adjacent to Honokohau Harbor consists of a mixture of overhead r and underground systems. As the new development roadways are constructed, new and replacement electrical services ductlines will be routed within the shoulders and/or sidewalks of s the development roadways and accessways to minimize conflicts with sewer, water and drainage utilities. 4.10.9.2 Telecommunications and Cable Hawaiian Telcom (HTCo) provides telephone and telecommunications services to the DLNR site while Sandwich Isles Communications has been contracted to serve the telecommunications needs of all DHHL lands. For the DLNR property, duct systems will extend HTCo telephone trunking cables from the existing lines on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway into the development. Page 104 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment Sandwich Isles is prepared to extend its fiber optic network to this site to service all telecommunications needs on the DHHL parcel. The switch facility for Sandwich Isles Communications is located mauka of the DHHL parcel near Kealakehe High School. Like telecommunications, Time Warner/Oceanic cable infrastructure will extend from the existing fiber node on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway into the Kona Kai Ola development. 4.10.9.3 Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation x� Electrical Based on discussions with HELCo, expansion of the existing Kealakehe Substation and provision of a Substation Site within the development may be required to accommodate the full •' extent of this development when coupled with the continuing development of the Villages of La`i `Opua. HELCo's expansion of the Kealakehe Substation is intended to provide the bulk of the capacity for loads in this area. However, HELCo will extend a 12.47 kV feeder from Kaloko *' Substation to serve as an interim back-up source should Kealakehe Substation be out of service. Since the Villages of La`i `Opus project may be developed in the same time frame as the Kona Kai Ola project, some of the HELCo substation development costs may be shared between the two developments. Telecommunications r As the new development roadways are constructed, the existing telephone services must be reconnected to new infrastructure and the existing HTCo facilities will be removed. A new �e HTCo-owned and maintained facilities will be situated in an easement placed within the development prior to the removal of the existing unit, to provide telephone circuits for the development. After HTCo places their cables, T-1 and higher speed data lines would be available r if desired. It is anticipated that Sandwich Isles Communications will provide a fiber optic network to the DHHL property. .., Seawater Air Conditioning A full description of the seawater air conditioning (SWAC) system is located in Section 3.9.7 of r this DEIS. This system consists of 16-18 nodes to circulate cooling water through the Kona Kai Ola development. The cold seawater used to air condition the new buildings at Kona Kai Ola is a very energy efficient system that not only reduces the cost of ownership of the facilities but also has environmental benefits in the reduction of emissions from electric generation stations. There is also less investment required by HELCo to provide electric power for the Kona Kai Ola +� development. SWAC provides a sustainable, renewable resource that could result in reduced energy costs for the project and a reduced impact on 14ELCo resources. At this time, SWAC is being considered as an alternative energy option. v The following mitigation measures are proposed: • Reduce building energy use by 50 percent compared to a building that does not incorporate energy efficient strategies such as incorporating significant wall and ceiling rrr insulation, utilizing windows that allow daylight without allowing heat penetration, purchasing energy efficient lighting and appliances, and designing the buildings to maximize natural ventilation. Mr ++• Page 105 Im Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment ■ Utilize renewable energy technologies on-site to provide the remaining 50 percent of overall building energy use. Examples would be incorporating solar thermal and photovoltaic technologies into each building's architectural features. • Reduce the site's peak energy demand by 50 percent thus helping HELCo reduce the w, probability of brownouts and blackouts. ■ Reduce site temperature and the need for cooling requirements for buildings by site .r vegetation, water features throughout the site, reduction of dark pavement, and shading of pathways. • Implement a Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAG) facility as part of the project. 4.10.10 Water Features and Lagoons W 0 The seawater system for the marine life exhibits at Kona Kai Ola is a simple system that takes full advantage of the pristine water conditions found off the shores of Hawaii. Minimal handling of the water ensures a clean, simple and energy efficient system that maintains the quality of the `• water for the health of the aquatic life and human swimmers while minimizing the impacts to the environment. The exhibits at Kona Kai Ola would consist of the following features: ■ Interactive Snorkeling Lagoon • Ray Lagoon • Shark Lagoon " • Turtle Lagoon • Swimming Lagoon ■ Associated Holding Pools The fish, ray, shark and turtle exhibits will display only those species which are found in Hawaiian waters. This is both to showcase the color and diversity found in Hawai`i's undersea ecosystem, as well as the need to protect this fragile environment. a. The water treatment system for all exhibits is a simple flow-through system. Because of the pristine quality of the water found off the coasts of Hawaii, particularly the area of the Kona Kai Ola development, there is no need to add additional treatment to the intake water for the exhibits. t■" Each exhibit gets fresh seawater on a continuous basis. The water in some of the lagoons will get s completely exchanged within three hours. All water in fish exhibits will be completely exchanged within two hours and the snorkel lagoon which has both fish and people will be exchanged in approximately 75 minutes. These rapid turnover times will ensure that the water in the exhibits will maintain high clarity and water quality. The high volume of sea water flowing through the exhibits into the harbor basin will dilute any pollutants that enter the harbor basin •` from the lagoons and the groundwater. This will improve the water quality and will be a positive impact on the nearshore marine environment. Page 106 W Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Assessment of Existing Human Environment Anticipated Impacts and Recommended Mitigation Measures The water for lagoon exhibits is to be brought in through a pair of 56 -inch diameter pipes tunneled beneath the shoreline and extending offshore down to a depth of approximately 150 feet. At this depth the pipes will break through the benthic substrate and will lie on the bottom of the ocean bed continuing down slope to a depth of about 200 feet. These pipes will be located ,.� just north of Kaiwi Point, along the south property line and will be constructed in parallel with the smaller (36") SWAC pipe that will extend down to a depth of about 3,000 feet. The terminus of the lagoon pipelines in 200 feet of water will be approximately 1,500 feet from the shoreline. tut The exposed length of pipe will be fitted with slotted risers to intake water from above the benthic substrate. The depth of 150-200 feet was selected as the optimum extraction depth for several reasons. Nutrient concentrations at this depth are relatively low compared to surface near -shore water, but oxygen levels are still near saturation. Below the action of most surface waves, the water quality ., at this depth is both high and relatively constant throughout the year. While the temperature of surface waters may vary considerably over the course of a year, at this depth the water "' temperature is both slightly cooler and much more stable. The intake of high water quality is M important both for the maintenance of healthy marine life exhibits and to assure that the quality of effluent water is higher than the natural water quality of the nearshore coastal waters. ., Temperatures at the 150-200 foot depth mark are approximately one to two degrees Celsius colder than the water at the surface. Water temperature plays an important role in the health of the marine life. Water that is significantly too cold will stress the marine life and cause them to become less active than they should be. However, water that is too warm is ideal for the growth of algae, parasites, and other pathogens. It is essential that the water be kept cool at all times. The pumping system will add some heat to the water through mechanical agitation. The solar heat 40 gain will also be a factor that must be considered. Supplying water that is one to two degrees Celsius colder than the normal surface water temperatures counteracts the heat gain from the pumping station and solar gain. r The 150-200 foot depth is ideal from a safety and construction standpoint. The depth is very easily achieved by means of directional drilling and the distance off shore is very minimal due to r the steep topography of the underwater volcanic cliffs. While the depth of the exposed pipe is beyond the range typically reached by recreational divers, it is still within depths that can be attained by professional divers (using mixed gasses) for annual inspection and maintenance. r„ Screens will be placed at the intake as additional protection from any harm coming to marine life or humans as well as to protect the pipes and pumps. r Seawater will be pumped at the rate of approximately 52,000 gallons per minute. The pumps will be located in an enclosure just inland of the shoreline park. This enclosure will be located just to the north of Kaiwi Point along the south property line. Water will then flow through a pair of buried pipes up to the marine exhibits in the center of the property. This water will be distributed through a network of pipes to the various exhibits. The pipe network will ensure an even +. distribution of water throughout the exhibits, keeping all areas of the exhibits clean and well circulated. it Page 107 W Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Assessment of Existing Human Environment Water will leave the exhibits through a network of bottom drains and surface skimmers. This network will remove any floating debris through the skimmers as well as maintain good circulation and removal of heavier debris. The water will be discharged into the newly expanded .� harbor by one of two methods: • Some water will flow along the surface through a series of lined streams and waterfalls. .. The liner will prevent saltwater intrusion into the soils, protecting the freshwater layer below ground. • The remainder of the water will be piped into the harbor. This water will supplement the normal tidal and groundwater flushing of the harbor, increasing the cleanliness of the water within the harbor and improving the environmental impact of the overall development. r. Although the total amount of nutrients that will be generated per day will increase from the nutrient output of marine animals and users, the concentration of the nutrients will be lower due to the large amount of water available for mixing within the basin. The overall impact will be a .. reduction of nutrient concentration in the outflowing water. Initial calculations show that the large volume of high quality seawater pumped into the harbor W (-10 times the groundwater flow volume) will cause all of the mixing with groundwater to occur in the harbor. This will eliminate the present condition where a plume of high nutrient low salinity water exits at the harbor mouth on the surface and mixes with ocean water within about `A to 1/2 -mile radius of the harbor mouth. This extreme dilution of the incoming groundwater will result in a well mixed outflow of about 33 ppt salinity (full seawater is —36 ppt) with nutrient loading that is lower than the present coastal waters. Recommended mitigation measures include: All water is to be screened prior to discharge for the removal of leaves, trash or other such debris that does not belong in the ocean. All surface water streams and waterfall features shall be lined to prevent saltwater intrusion into the soils, protecting the freshwater layer below. µ SWAC water, with its high nutrient load and cool temperatures should not be introduced into the lagoons or the harbor. The used SWAC water will be disposed of in a deep w. injection well to prevent temperature and nutrient impacts in the nearshore water. The well will be sufficiently deep to match the temperature of the effluent water. rr Page 108 f• re Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies W 5 Conformance with Public Plans and Policies J 5.1 State W 5.1.1 Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes �+ This DEIS has been prepared in compliance with environmental requirements mandated in Chapter 343 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) and the Environmental Impact Statement Rules, Title 11, Chapter 200 of the Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR). An EIS is required for this project since the project will be developed on State lands, includes lands in the Shoreline V Setback Area and requires an amendment to the Hawaii County General Plan. F" An Environmental Impact Statement Preparation Notice (EISPN) was published on July 8, 2006, v and comment letters from agencies and citizens were received in the months of July and August of 2006. Responses to the comment letters were mailed in the week of October 20, 2006. A copy PR, of the comment letters and corresponding response letters are included in Appendix A. V 5.1.2 State Land Use Law, Chapter 205, Hawaii Revised Statutes M VThe State Land Use Law, as set forth in Chapter 205, HRS, establishes the State Land Use Commission (LUC) and provides this body the authority to designate all lands in the State into one of four districts: Urban, Rural, Agricultural, or Conservation. The project site lies with the Urban and Conservation State Land Use Districts. The proposed uses at Kona Kai Ola are consistent with those allowed in their respective Urban and Conservation Districts. The development itself will all be located in the State's "Urban" zone while the "Conservation" lands will remain undeveloped containing open space features such as trails and preserved cultural features. Figures S and T indicate State Land Use designations. r. The developer is proposing a 400 -foot setback along the shoreline of the project site. Most of the �1 land in this setback is in the Conservation District. Consultations with the DLNR Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands are taking place to identify the best use of this setback and how best to preserve it. Requirements for this conservation setback will likely be incorporated into Yr Conditions of Approval for the Conservation District Use Permit, at the time it is processed. P" 5.1.3 Coastal Zone Management Program, Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statutes it The Coastal Zone Management Program, or CZM, is intended to provide the public with recreational opportunities, protect historic and prehistoric resources, protect scenic and open space resources, protect coastal ecosystems, provide facilities for economic development, reduce hazards, and manage development. Objectives that are applicable to Kona Kai Ola are hereby discussed. �I Recreational Resources P" iObjective: Provide coastal recreational opportunities accessible to the public. In IN Page 109 r p n -i fl• AhNa-vva St ,st v'I serf 74 JJ 9kaPM1 S opt c f t� -- ,if- .c �t a'.•� to n ` • , om is Ad ion m Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Policies: ON Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement M Conformance with Public Plans and Policies MR r (B) Provide adequate, accessible, and diverse recreational opportunities in the coastal zone management area by: (i) Protecting coastal resources uniquely suited for recreation activities that cannot be provided in other areas; (iii) Providing and managing adequate public access, consistent with conservation of natural resources, to and along shorelines with recreational value; (iv) Providing an adequate supply of shoreline parks and other recreational facilities suitable for public recreation; (vii) Developing new shoreline recreational opportunities, where appropriate, such as artificial lagoons, artificial beaches and artificial reefs for surfing and fishing; (viii) Encouraging reasonable dedication of shoreline areas with recreational value for public use as part of discretionary approvals or permits by the land use commission, board of land and natural resources and county authorities; and crediting such dedication against the requirements of section 46-6. Discussion: Kona Kai Ola has a distinct ocean recreation theme that fully supports CZM objectives for recreational opportunities. The project includes an 800 -slip marina that will expand the region's boating opportunities and support facilities, and a 400 -foot shoreline setback will provide full public access along the coast. Throughout the project site, public access trails for walking and cycling will be designed to encourage public access throughout Kona Kai Ola to utilize the public parks, canoe launching areas, cultural areas, and community facilities that are proposed as part of this project. Further a proposed marine science center will help to educate people about coastal habitats and encourage responsible stewardship of these resources. Historic Resources Objective: Protect, preserve, and where desirable, restore those natural and man made historic and prehistoric resources in the coastal zone management area that are significant in Hawaiian and American history and culture. Policies: (A) Idents and analyze significant archaeological resources, (B) Maximize information retention through preservation of remains and artifacts or salvage operations; (C) Support state goals for protection, restoration, interpretation, and display of historic resources. Page 112 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Discussion: As discussed in Section 4.2.2, twenty-nine sites are recommended for preservation in accordance with the Site Preservation Plan prepared for DLNR — SHPD review and approval. Thirteen of these sites are located within the legislative boundary of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. Forty-seven sites are recommended for mitigation through data recovery, based on a detailed Data Recovery Plan that will be submitted to DLNR — SHPD for review and approval. The archaeological surveys found that the mapping, written descriptions, "' photography and text excavations of 54 sites adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended. Scenic and Open Space Resources Objective: Protect, preserve, and where desirable, restore or improve the quality of coastal scenic and r open space resources. Policies: .r (B) Ensure that new developments are compatible with their visual environment by designing and locating such developments to minimize the alteration of natural landforms and existing public views to and along the shoreline; r (C) Preserve, maintain, and where desirable, improve and restore shoreline open space and scenic resources; (D) Encourage those developments that are not coastal dependent to locate in inland areas. " Discussion: Kona Kai Ola will be designed to protect and preserve the area's scenic and open .. space resources. A 400 -foot buffer zone along the shoreline will be preserved as open space and no buildings or structures shall be proposed within the 400 -foot shoreline setback area, with the possible exception of culturally -related structures. To control building mass near the shoreline, development sites directly adjacent to the shoreline setback area will be limited by design covenants to a lower unit density and height limits. Buildings located further mauka will increase to a maximum of four stories, in keeping with the "coconut tree height" general limit. Along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, the northern edge of the large commercial parcel contiguous to the water feature will be limited to one-story structures. Structures on the remaining area of the parcel will be limited to the equivalent of three stories in height. Further, major roadways, y parking areas, and areas surrounding all major structures will be landscaped in accordance with a landscape master plan. ■, Coastal Ecosystems Objective: Protect valuable coastal ecosystems, including reefs, from disruption and minimize adverse r impacts on all coastal ecosystems. Policies: (B) Improve the technical basis for natural resource management; (C) Preserve valuable coastal ecosystems, including reefs, of significant biological or economic importance; Page 113 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (D) Minimize disruption or degradation of coastal water ecosystems by effective regulation of stream diversions, channelization, and similar land and water uses, recognizing competing water needs; " (E) Promote water quantity and quality planning and management practices that reflect the tolerance of fresh water and marine ecosystems and maintain and enhance water quality through development and implementation of point and nonpoint source water pollution control measures. Discussion: The proposed new marina would significantly increase the size of the water body, but would utilize the existing marina entrance for the water exchange. The proposed marina to the south will intercept additional groundwater, adding these flows to the existing harbor outflow. The proposed marina will not result in any significant increase in groundwater flow to the coastline, but rather a concentration of the existing flows to the harbor entrance. There will be an expanded zone of mixing between the brackish effluent and the surrounding ocean waters due to the concentration of flows at the harbor mouth. The large amount of water will dilute any pollutants that enter the harbor basin from ground water or surface water. This will improve the water quality and will be a positive impact on the nearshore environment. Construction of a new marina will have several short term negative impacts on coastal marine resources. Direct construction impacts are likely to be small due to the use of a berm separating the construction area from adjacent marine waters which would serve to minimize the discharge of sediment from excavation and dredging. When the final land bridge is removed, silt curtains will be used to minimize the suspended sediment entering ocean waters. The new marina will serve as a collection point for materials utilized or generated at the development site, either through direct runoff or by interception of groundwater flow. There is the potential that fertilizers, pesticides, petroleum products, road wastes, etc, could be discharged " from the mouth of Honokohau Harbor into the coastal marine environment. Most of the �. anticipated impacts can be minimized through a combination of proper facilities design, public education, and enforcement of harbor rules and regulations. Economic Uses Objective: Provide public or private facilities and improvements important to the State's economy in or suitable locations. Policies: (B) Ensure that coastal dependent development such as harbors and ports, and coastal related development such as visitor industry facilities and energy generating facilities, are located, designed and constructed to minimize social, visual and environmental impacts on the coastal zone management area; (C) Direct the location and expansion of coastal dependent developments to areas presently designated and used for such developments and permit reasonable long-term growth at such areas, and permit coastal dependent development outside presently designated areas when: (ii) Adverse environmental effects are minimized; Page 114 *' Keatakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Discussion: The Kona Kai Ola project is being proposed in direct response to the State's efforts to meet the demand for more boating facilities through expansion of State harbors. Project planning and analysis have been undertaken to minimize social, visual and environmental w impacts, and mitigate significant impacts that are anticipated. Locating this new marina basin adjacent to the existing Honokohau Small Boat Harbor is consistent with the policy to direct the ^ location and expansion of coastal dependent developments to areas presently designated and used for such developments. Coastal Hazards Objective: Reduce hazard to life and propertyfrom tsunami, storm waves, stream flooding, erosion, subsidence and pollution. Policies: (B) Control development in areas subject to storm wave, tsunami, flood, erosion, hurricane, rw wind, subsidence, and point and nonpoint source pollution; (C) Ensure that developments comply with requirements of the Federal Flood Insurance r Program; (D) Prevent coastal flooding from inland projects. r Discussion: Base flood elevations and flood area designations will most likely change if the marina is expanded as proposed. Further, buildings, primarily along the perimeter of the enlarged marina, along the entrance to the marina and along the shoreline, could be negatively impacted .+ by flooding. Mitigation measures to address flooding impacts include siting the proposed coastline developments out of the current Zone AE and VE flood zones. Further, finished pad elevations will be kept above base flood elevations per the Flood Insurance Rate Map. r Approximately half of the project site is located within a tsunami inundation zone, and structures currently proposed in the tsunami evacuation zone include time-shares, the expanded marina, r roadways, infrastructure. and various accessory commercial uses. Most of the area subject to tsunami is within the planned 400 -foot shoreline setback. This area could also be subject to high ^ surf, hurricane -force winds, and coastal flooding due to its location along the shoreline. An �r effective evacuation plan will be prepared and implemented. Public Participation Objective: Stimulate public awareness, education and participation in coastal management. ,. Policies: (A) Promote public involvement in coastal gone management processes; (C) Organize workshops, policy dialogues, and site-specific mediations to respond to coastal issues and conflicts. ^ do Page 115 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Discussion: The community outreach program for Kona Kai Ola has included community members who are involved in coastal management. Their input was incorporated in project planning, and through an iterative planning process, the master development plan was revised and studies were expanded to address the community concerns. Several design and planning steps were taken to address these community concerns. Further information on the community outreach program is presented in Sections 1.8 and 11. In addition, Kona Kai Ola includes a marine science center that will help educate the community on the coastal environment and good stewardship practices. Beach Protection Objective: Protect beaches for public use and recreation Policies: (A) Locate new structures inland from the shoreline setback to conserve open space, minimize interference with natural shoreline processes and minimize loss of improvements due to erosion; (C) Minimize the construction ofpublic erosion protection structures seaward ofthe shoreline. Discussion: The entire shoreline area adjacent to Kona Kai Ola, including `Alula Beach, will be protected and preserved. A 400 -foot buffer zone along the shoreline will be preserved as open space and no buildings or structures shall he proposed within the 400 -foot shoreline setback area, with the possible exception of culturally -related structures. Further, to control building mass near the shoreline, development sites directly adjacent to the shoreline area will be limited by design covenants to a lower unit density and height limits. No public erosion -protection structures will be installed seaward of the shoreline. Marine Resources Objective: Promote the protection, use and development of marine and coastal resources to assure their sustainability. Policies: (A) Ensure that the use and development of marine and coastal resources to assure their sustainability; (B) Coordinate the management of marine and coastal resources and activities to improve effectiveness and efficiency. Discussion: JDI had made a corporate commitment to environmental sustainability throughout Kona Kai Ola. Various design initiatives are intended to protect marine and coastal resources. These components include the 400 -foot shoreline setback, pumping seawater through the lagoons and marina to improve water quality, and including fisheries conservation and other marine and coastal stewardship education programs in the new marina and marine science center. 5.1.4 Hawaii State Plan, Chapter 226, Hawaii Revised Statutes Page 116 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies The State has set forth a Hawaii State Plan to serve as a guide for the future long-range development of the State; identify the goals, objectives, policies, and priorities for the State; provide a basis for determining priorities and allocating limited resources, such as public funds, services, human resources, land, energy, water, and other resources; improve coordination of federal, state, and county plans, policies, programs, projects, and regulatory activities; and establish a system for plan formulation and program coordination to provide for an integration of 1W all major state, and county activities. The following addresses sections of the Hawaii State Plan that are applicable to Kona Kai Ola. rr Section 226-4 State Goals: In order to guarantee, for present and future generations, those elements of choice and mobility that insure that individuals and groups may approach their desired levels self- r reliance and self determination, it shall be the goal of the State to achieve: (1) A strong, viable economy, characterised by stability, diversity and growth that enable fulfillment of the needs and expectations of Hawai `i's present and future generations. r (2) A desired physical environment, characterised by beauty, cleanliness, quiet, stable natural systems, and uniqueness, that enhances the mental and physical well-being of the W people. (3) Physical, social and economic well-being, for individuals and families in Hawaii that nourishes a sense of community responsibility, of caring and participation in community life. " Section 226-5 Objective and policies for population: •r (a) It shall be the objective in planning for the State's population to guide population growth to be consistent with the achievement of physical, economic, and social objectives contained in this chapter. .. (b) To achieve the population objective, it shall be the policy of this State to: MW (3) Promote increased opportunities for Hawai'i's people to pursue their socio- economic aspirations throughout the islands. Section 226-6 Objective and policies for the economy in general: r (a) Planning for the State's economy shall be directed toward achievement of the following objectives: r (1) Increased and diversified employment opportunities to achieve full employment, increased income and job choice, and improved living standards for Hawai `i's people. Discussion: Kona Kai Ola is consistent with State goals to provide economic viability, stability and sustainability for present and future generations. The project will transform vacant land into a viable mixed-use development with a distinctive marina and boating focus, recreational attractions, and a wide range of visitor facilities and local resident features. The proposed uses at so Kona Kai Ola will broaden the spectrum of business opportunities in the area, and provide a wider range of employment options. ,r Page 117 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Concurrent with the development of the site with hotel, time-shares, commercial and marina expansion features, the project seeks to create an attractive market for environmentally and M socially sound investment activities for the West Hawaii community. Unlike the recent trend to create secluded and exclusive golf resorts which welcome only higher end visitors, Kona Kai Ola is proposing a truly integrated mixed-use community which is designed equally for visitors and residents, enhances the existing marina and fishing and water recreational businesses, and provides a range of economic opportunities, not limited to typical West Hawaii resort's employment opportunities. The expanded marina will involve employment of skilled marina support jobs, SWAC facility will feature skilled mechanical jobs, marine wildlife park, water features and the marine science center will feature marine biology and environmental education jobs. Finally, the emphasis on preservation of cultural/archaeological features will provide a connection to the Hawaiian cultural emphasis of the area. r Section 226-8 Objectives and policies for the economy - the visitor industry: ■n (a) Planning for the State's economy with regard to the visitor industry shall be directed towards the achievement of establishing the industry as a major component in the steady growth of the State economy. +- (b) To achieve the visitor industry objective, it shall be the policy of this State to: " (1) Support and assist in the promotion of Hawai `i's visitor attractions and facilities. (2) Ensure that visitor industry activities are in keeping with the social, economic, and physical needs and aspirations ofHawai'l's people. �. (4) Encourage cooperation and coordination between the government and private w" sectors in developing and maintaining well-designed, adequately serviced visitor industry and related developments which are sensitive to neighboring communities and activities. (5) Develop the industry in a manner that will continue to provide new job ^` opportunities and steady employmentfor Hawai `i's people. (6) Provide opportunities for Hawai Y's people to obtain job training and education that will allow for upward mobility within the visitor industry. W (7) Foster a recognition of the contribution of the visitor industry to Hawai `i's economy and the need to perpetuate the aloha spirit. ' (8) Foster an understanding by visitors of the aloha spirit and of the unique and sensitive character of Hawai `i's cultures and values. .. Discussion: JDI has committed to sustainability principles in developing Kona Kai Ola. Sustainable development includes protection of environmental quality of coastal and marine , resources. It also includes energy conservation and waste reduction in the project design, construction and operations. Kona Kai Ola is based on agreements between the State and JDI " that call for a cooperative arrangement that meets State economic objectives and includes developer incentives. Project components, including the proposed hotel and time-share units, will help to ensure that the visitor industry is a major economic force. W.: Page 118 " Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies The visitor industry is vital to the State of Hawaii in general and West Hawaii in particular. While diversification in employment opportunities continues to be pursued as a State policy, training and preparation for current and near -future employment in the expanded visitor industry „w must continue. The proposed project will result in a significant increase in the region's employment opportunities providing a wider range of potential opportunities than a traditional limited feature resort. Foremost, the expanded marina will increase employment in the commercial water recreation businesses and marina serving industries. Section 226-11 Objectives and policies far the physical environment: land-based, shoreline and marine resources: (a) Planning for the physical environment with regard to land-based, shoreline and marine resources shall be directed towards achievement of the following objectives: r (2) Effective protection of Hawai `i's unique and fragile environmental resources. ,.+ (b) To achieve the land-based, shoreline, and marine resources objectives, it shall be the policy of this State to: (1) Exercise an overall conservation ethic in the use ofHawai'i's natural resources. (2) Ensure compatibility between land-based and water-based activities and natural resources and ecological systems. r (3) Take into account the physical attributes of areas when planning and designing r activities and facilities. 'r (4) Manage natural resources and environs to encourage their beneficial and multiple use without generating costly or irreparable environmental damage. r (6) Encourage the protection of rare or endangered plant and animal species and habitats native to Hawai `i. r (7) Provide public incentives that encourage private actions to protect significant natural resources from degradation or unnecessary depletion. (8) Pursue compatible relationships among activities, facilities, and natural resources. (9) Promote increased accessibility and prudent use of inland and shoreline areas ow for public recreational, educational, and scientific purposes. ,. Discussion: The area's natural resources are an integral feature of Kona Kai Ola. These natural resources are what make the project unique. As such, it is in the developer's interest and the community's interest to see that these features are preserved and where appropriate, enhanced. Per agreements with the State and consistent with State policies, the harbor will be expanded and r harbor features enhanced. Anchialine ponds are situated on the project site and just north of the project site, within the bounds of the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. While the Kona Kai Ola project will result in the destruction of some of these, and change from brackish do water to seawater ecosystems for other ponds, mitigation in the form of restoration will be offered at other off-site ponds, preferably at locations at the National Historical Park. do + Page 119 s Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies The historical Hawaiian cultural resources such as heiau, ahu and burial sites will be preserved and culturally -related educational features added, where appropriate. The proposed 400 -foot buffer along the shoreline will result in the preservation of significant cultural/archaeological, fauna and floral habitats, while ensuring that the shore is accessible and usable to residents and visitors. It Section 226-12 Objectives and policies for the physical environment - scenic, natural beauty, and historic resources: (a) Planning for the State's physical environment shall be directed towards achievement of the objective of enhancement ofHawai'i's scenic assets, natural beauty, and multi- cultural/historical resources. (b) To achieve the scenic, natural beauty, and historic resources objective, it shall be the policy of this State to: (1) Promote the preservation and restoration of significant natural and historic resources. (2) Provide incentives to maintain and enhance historic, cultural, and scenic amenities. (3) Promote the preservation of views and vistas to enhance the visual and aesthetic enjoyment of mountains, ocean, scenic landscapes, and other natural features. (4) Protect those special areas, structures, and elements that are an integral and Junctional part ofHawai'i's ethnic and cultural heritage. (S) Encourage the design of developments and activities that complement the natural � beauty of the islands. Discussion: West Hawaii has its own unique rugged natural beauty. While lacking lush vegetation, significant rainfall and an abundance of terrestrial fauna, it does contain a vibrant ocean ecosystem, panoramic vistas, a Hawaiian cultural heritage and a climate conducive to outdoor recreation. The proposed structures are designed to blend with the natural terrain, use site appropriate xeriscape landscaping and utilize earth tone colors and natural materials, to the degree possible. The proposed harbormaster facility's close proximity to the National Historical Park boundary w requires special consideration to ensure that the visitor visual experience from the Park is not compromised. While there are no actual visual guideline requirements for the preservation of views from the Park, Kona Kai Ola has been, and will continue to work with the National Park +� Service to ensure that visual experience is preserved to the degree possible while ensuring safety , of the harbor entrance. It is important for JDI and Kona Kai Ola to honor and protect the cultural history and practice on these lands. Historic sites will be protected according to the Site Preservation Plans prepared for DLNR-SHPD review and approval. .. Page 120 M W w Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Section 226-13 Objectives and policies for the physical environment. land, air and water quality: (a) Planning for the State's physical environment with regard to land, air, and water quality shall be directed towards achievement of the objective of the following objectives: (1) Maintenance and pursuit of improved quality in Hawai `i's land, air and water resources. (b) To achieve the land, air and water quality objective, it shall be the policy of this State to: ar (2) Promote the proper management ofHawai'i's land and water resources. (3) Promote effective measures to achieve desired quality in Hawai'i's surface, ground, and coastal waters. r (4) Encourage actions to maintain or improve aural and air quality levels to enhance the health and well-being ofHawai'i's people. (5) Reduce the threat to life and property from erosion, flooding, tsunamis, ,. hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other natural or man -induced hazards and disasters. (6) Encourage design and construction practices that enhance the physical qualities ti. ofHawai'i's communities. .r (7) Encourage urban developments in close proximity to existing services and facilities. r (S) Faster recognition of the importance and value of the land, air, and water resources to Hawai'i's people, their cultures and visitors. Discussion: Like any new development, Kona Kai Ola will alter land, air and water quality with s its construction activities and long-term increase in on-site people, physical structures and activities. A fundamental approach to Kona Kai Ola will be the incorporation of long -tern "' sustainable development and management features. In general these practices are designed to minimize the use of potable water, electricity, vehicles, drainage infrastructure, disruption to groundwater hydrology and impacts to habitats and cultural resources. The conditions proposed in this DEIS are designed to minimize, or in some cases improve, the impacts to the resources of the site and region. The project will be required to comply with all r provisions and codes designed to reduce the threat to life and property from natural disasters. At the regional level, this development is located within an urbanizing corridor with existing and proposed development in the surrounding area. Infrastructure, while needing to be upgraded and extended, is in the immediate area already. The project is located in close proximity to existing services and facilities found at Honokohau Small Boat Harbor. �r Section 226-14 Objectives and policies for facility systems -- in general: .. (a) Planning for the State's facility systems in general shall be directed towards achievement of the objective of water, transportation, waste disposal, energy and telecommunication systems that support statewide social, economic, and physical objectives. (b) To achieve the general facility systems objective, it shall be the policy of this State to: rr Page 121 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (1) Accommodate the needs ofHawai'i's people through coordination offaciliry systems and capital improvement priorities in consonance with state and county plans. (2) Encourageflexibility in the design and development offaciliry systems to promote prudent use of resources and accommodate changing public demands and priorities. (3) Ensure that required facility systems can be supported within resource capacities and at reasonable cost to the user. (4) Pursue alternative methods offinancing programs and projects and cost-saving techniques in the planning, construction, and maintenance offaciliry systems. Discussion: The master planning and phasing of Kona Kai Ola allow for coordinated development of infrastructure, consistency of design in the architecture, and economies of scale for capital improvements. The cost of the marina and project -related infrastructure improvements will be home by the developer resulting in significant savings for the public. The revenues generated for the State through the leasing agreements for this site will provide a significant revenue stream for capital improvement and maintenance of a range of State facilities and projects, providing an added public benefit. Section 226-15 Objectives and policies for facility systems --solid and liquid wastes: (a) Planningfor the State's facility systems with regard to solid and liquid wastes shall be directed towards the achievement of the following objectives: (1) Maintenance of basic public health and sanitation standards relating to treatment and disposal ofsolid and liquid wastes. (2) Provision of adequate sewerage facilities for physical and economic activities that alleviate problems in housing, employment, mobility, and other areas. w (b) To achieve solid and liquid waste objectives, it shall be the policy of this State to: (1) Encourage the adequate development ofsewerage facilities that complement planned growth. • (2) Promote re -use and recycling to reduce solid and liquid wastes and employ a conservation ethic. or (3) Promote research to develop more efficient and economical treatment and disposal ofsolid and liquid wastes. .. Discussion: As part of the Kona Kai Ola development, upgrades will be required at the Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). These upgrades are currently needed at the r, aging facility to meet current development needs. To serve the waste water treatment needs of Kona Kai Ola, the W WTP will be brought up to current requirements for health, environment, operation and expanded capacity needs. As noted throughout this EIS, sustainable development ., features will be incorporated in this development resulting in re -use, recycling and reduction in solid and liquid waste generated. Page 122 '"'"' Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Section 226-16 Objectives and policies for facility systems — water., (a) Planning for the State's facility systems with regard to water shall be directed towards achievement of the objective of the provision of water to adequately accommodate domestic, agricultural, commercial, industrial, recreational, and other needs within resource capacities. (b) To achieve the facility systems water objective, it shall be the policy of this State to: (1) Coordinate development of land use activities with existing and potential water supply. .. (2) Support research and development of alternative methods to meet future water requirements well in advance of anticipated needs. r (6) Promote water conservation programs and practices in government, private industry, and the general public to help ensure adequate water to meet long-term i needs. Discussion: The developer is required to secure new sources of potable water to serve the project di site. To minimize the water needs for this development, water conservation measures will be incorporated into the design and operation of Kona Kai Ola. To achieve that end, drought tolerant, xeriscape landscaping will be used, R-1 water will be used for landscaping to the extent r possible and low flow water fixtures will be used throughout the development. The developer is working with the County Department of Water Supply to ensure the proposed water infrastructure is designed to accommodate the County goals. Section 226-17 Objectives and policies for facility• systems — transportation: (b) To achieve rhe facility systems water objective, it shall be the policy ofthis State to: i (6) Encourage transportation systems that serve to accommodate present and future development needs ofcomnnnrities. AW (11) Encourage safe and convenient use of low-cost, energy-efficient, non-polluting means of transportation. (13) Coordinate intergovernmental land use and transportation planning activities to ensure the timely deliver• of supporting transportation infrastructure in order to accommodate planned growth objectives. i Discussion: Kona Kai Ola is in proximity to the State Honokohau Small Boat Harbor. It is currently anticipated that the proposed marina and the existing harbor will operate independently „r except for the shared entrance channel. The proposed expanded marina will provide transportation opportunities, and provide for possible use of transit water shuttles to Kailua- Kona. rr Page 123 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies In terms of land transportation, Kona Kai Ola will generate impacts on roadways and traffic in an already stressed region. Numerous road improvements, including a makai extension of Kealakehe Parkway south to Kuakini Highway in Kailua-Kona, will help ease traffic, reduce air pollution through fewer idling cars in traffic and reduce emergency vehicle delays. Accessibility and enhanced options for transportation with a consistent theme of reducing vehicle use are proposed at Kona Kai Ola. Bikeways, walking paths, trails and enhanced pedestrian access to the shore are incorporated into the development design. The layout of the development reduces the need for a personal vehicle. A shuttle service is planned to be used for transporting local residents and visitors between the project site and surrounding neighborhoods, the Kona International Airport and Kailua-Kona. Section 226-18 Objectives and policies for facility systems — energy: (a) Planning for the State's facility systems with regard to energy shall be directed toward the achievement of the following objectives, giving due consideration to all: (1) Dependable, efficient, and economical statewide energy systems capable of supporting the needs of the people. (2) Increased energy self-sufficiency where the ratio of indigenous to imported energy use is increased. (3) Greater energy security in the face of threats to Hawai'i's energy supplies and systems. (4) Reduction, avoidance, or sequestration of greenhouse gas emissions from energy supply and use. (c) To further achieve the energy objectives, it shall be the policy of this State to: (2) Ensure that the combination of energy supplies and energy-saving systems is sufficient to support the demands ofgrowth. (4) Promote all cost-effective conservation ofpower and fuel supplies through measures including development of cost-effective demand-side management programs, education and adoption of energy-efficient practices and technologies. (7) Promote alternate fuels and energy efficiency by encouraging diversification of transportation modes and infrastructure. (8) Support actions that reduce, avoid, or sequester greenhouse gases in utility, transportation, and industrial sector applications. Discussion: Kona Kai Ola will feature the latest energy efficient design and technology available to reduce energy demand of the project. It will also maximize the use and production of renewable energy on the project through solar energy production, solar hot water heating, and the use of deep cold seawater for district cooling system. Using cold deep seawater piped throughout the development for air conditioning will result in substantial electrical energy savings and costs for the community and the developer. Page 124 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawai'i Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Deep, cold, seawater technology is currently being used at NELHA, near the Kona International Airport. It is a logical use in this area considering the hot dry climate, accessibility of deep cold water and the increasing cost of energy and fossil fuels. It is a renewable alternative energy source that will result in long-term cost savings and reduced energy requirements, in keeping with goals and policies of the State and County. Solar hot water heating is also being planned for use throughout the development. Section 226-23 Objectives and policies for socio -cultural advancement— leisure: (a) Planning for the State's socio -cultural advancement with regard to leisure shall be directed towards the achievement of the objective of the adequate provision of resources to accommodate diverse cultural, artistic, and recreational needs for present and future generations. ar (b) To achieve the leisure objective, it shall be the policy ofthis State to: ,r (2) Provide a wide range of activities and facilities to fuyzll the cultural, artistic, and recreational needs of all diverse and special groups effectively and efficiently. w (4) Promote the recreational and educational potential of natural resources having scenic, open space, cultural, historical, geological, or biological values while ensuring that their inherent values are preserved. r (5) Ensure opportunities for everyone to use and enjoy Hawai'i's recreational resources. s (10) Assure adequate access to significant natural and cultural resources in public ownership. Discussion: Kona Kai Ola will integrate into its surrounding community, provide diverse activities for the visitors and residents, and result in the promotion and enhancement of cultural, economic, recreational and environmental features which make this specific site unique. The proximity to the Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park provides the opportunity for 'r collaboration for educational, environmental and cultural goals, while the expanded marina will provide new and enhanced water recreational and business opportunities. Instead of featuring a golf course providing relatively passive recreation for a limited number of participants, Kona Kai Ola will be developed around components that are more active, social and inclusive such as seawater swimming lagoons, trails, walkways, parks, and marine life educational and interactive areas. Access to significant natural and cultural resources will be enhanced with the project's proposed shoreline park and trail system. Section 226-25 Objectives and policies for socio -cultural advancement—culture: .i (a) Planning for the State's socio -cultural advancement with regard to culture shall be directed toward the achievement of the objective of enhancement of cultural identities, M traditions, values, customs, and arts of Hawai `is people. (b) To achieve the culture objective, it shall be the policy of this State to: +W (1) Foster increased knowledge and understanding of Hawai `i's ethnic and cultural heritages and the history of Hawaii. s '� Page 125 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (2) Support activities and conditions that promote cultural values, customs, and arts that enrich the lifestyles of HawaiTs people and which are sensitive and responsive to family and community needs. (3) Encourage increased awareness of the effects of proposed public and private actions on the integrity and quality of cultural and community lifestyles in Hawaii. Discussion: The Cultural Impact Assessment and archaeological studies for this site identify various cultural features on the site and in the area, as well as proposing various actions to preserve and enhance them. Paramount among these recommendations and consistent with the proposed development is the 400 -foot buffer for preservation along the shoreline. Most of the cultural/archaeological features are located here and shoreline access is a desired feature identified by the community. Since much of this proposed buffer is located in the State's Conservation Zone, the developer is working with relevant State agencies to plan on how to enhance and integrate various cultural and archaeological features such as trails, heiau and access in and around the site. Kona Kai Ola will also include close consultation with the local Hawaiian community, and cultural and lineal descendants in these planning efforts. , Section 226-104 Population Growth and Land Resources Priority Guidelines. (b) Priority guideline for regional growth distribution and land resource utilization (1) Encourage urban growth primarily to existing urban areas where adequate public facilities are already available or can be provided with reasonable public expendinres, and awayfrom areas where other important benefits are present, such as protection of important agricultural land or preservation of lifestyles. (5) In order to preserve green belts, give priority to state capital -improvement funds which encourage location of urban development within existing urban areas ++ except inhere compelling public interest dictates development of a noncontiguous new urbem core. W M (6) Seek participation front the private sector for the cost of building infrastructure and utilities, and maintaining open spaces. 1, (9) Direct fume urban development away from critical environmental areas or IN impose mitigating measures so that negative impacts on the environment would be minimised. W W. (12) Utilize Hawai'i's limited land resources wisely, providing adequate land to accommodate projected population and economic growth needs while ensuring .. the protection of the environment and the availability of the shoreline, conservation lands, and other limited resources for future generations. (13) Protect and enhance Hmrai'i's shoreline, open spaces, and scenic resources. Page 126 "" ' Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Discussion: The site proposed for Kona Kai Ola is identified as part of the "Preferred Urban Growth Area" for Kona in the Kona Community Development Plan currently being developed by Hawai'i County. In the Keahole to Kailua Regional Development Plan, the Kona Kai Ola site is the same location selected for the new regional urban center of Kona, as well as a "harbor expansion complex", connector road from the harbor to Kailua-Kona, and a shoreline park. This �. was to allow for the Kailua-Kona urban area to grow to meet the needs of Kona, while relieving the pressures of urbanization on the village of Kailua-Kona alone. The Kona Kai Ola site is identified in the 2005 Hawaii County General Plan as "Urban .+ Expansion Area" for the DHHL lands, and "Open" for the DLNR lands. Among other Interim General Plan Amendments, the Hawaii County Planning Director and Planning Commission both recommended to the County Council to amend the General Plan designation for the DLNR +� lands to "Urban Expansion Area." On November 29, 2006, the Council approved this _ amendment request. This land use designation is consistent with other regional "Urban Expansion" LUPAG areas, which are located mauka of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway, and in r areas contiguous to the project site, including Queen Lili'uokalani Trust lands to the south. For the most part, these sites are vacant, they do not have an agricultural value, and are located proximate to an existing marina operation with associated support businesses. From a regional perspective, the project site is located along a logical commercial and industrial corridor between the airport/NELHA and the urban area of Kailua-Kona. The infrastructure AW improvements associated with this project would not result in the expansion of the urban periphery but would instead be viewed as urban -infill and a response to existing infrastructure inadequacies (ie. road network and existing harbor). a Section 226-103 Economic priority guidelines: (a) Priority guidelines to stimulate economic growth and growth and encourage business expansion and development to provide needed jobs for Hawai'i's people and achieve a stable and diversified economy: +r (1) Seek a variety of means to increase the availability of investment capital for new and expanding enterprises. (A) Encourage investments which: (i) Reflect long term commitments to the State; .. (iii) Diversify the economy; -� (iv) Reinvest in the local economy; (v) Are sensitive to community needs and priorities. do Page 127 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Discussion: Kona Kai Ola is a State -initiated project intended to contribute to the State's and West Hawai`i's economy. By entering into agreements with the State, JDI is committing to a long-term relationship with DLNR and DHHL. Economic diversification is included in the project with the introduction of a new marina and marina industrial uses. Further, Kona Kai Ola will significantly contribute to the island's and region's economy by generating construction and long-term employment, and providing venues for a wide range of entrepreneurial opportunities and training local residents for the wide range of skilled jobs created by the marina and its surrounding mixed use commercial development. 5.1.5 DHHL Hawaii Island Plan M In 2002, DHHL completed the Hawaii Island Plan. This plan provides a comprehensive "I assessment of DHHL lands and recommends future uses for these lands. Four tracts of land in W the West Region (North Kona District) were examined in the Hawaii Island Plan. The land has been identified by DHHL as one of the only major DHHL parcels with income -generating potential on the west side of the Island of Hawaii. The Plan lists the Honokohau parcel as "recommended for commercial use." The plan notes that the parcel is close to Kailua-Kona, which provides various services and amenities. The proposed commercial development proposed at Kona Kai Ola is consistent with policies for this parcel under the Hawaii Island Plan and provisions of DH11L (DHHL 2002). Figure U shows the DHHL designation for the project site. 5.2 County of Hawaii 5.2.1 General Plan The County of Hawai`i's General Plan is the policy document for the long range comprehensive development of the island of Hawaii. The purposes of the General Plan are to • Guide the pattern offuture development in this County based on long-term goals; • Idents the visions, values, and priorities important to the people of this County; r Provide the framework for regulatory decisions, capital improvement priorities, acquisition strategies, and other pertinent government programs within the County organisation and coordinated with State and Federal programs.; "k • Improve the physical environment of the County as a setting for human activities; to make it more functional, beautiful, healthful, interesting, and efficient; r Page 128 "° Project Site Legend Lana Use Categories commercial Community Use Conservation General Agriculture Industrial Pastoral Resider" %/// Special District Subsistence Agrioulture Supplemental Agriculture KALAOA Source: Hawai'i Island Plan Final Report Figure U: DHHL Island Plan Map KEALAKEHE r, v11 N i z� ANN--= J l.! 1 )ACM nEveioreWr, nac C KEALAKEHE r, v11 N i z� ANN--= J l.! 1 )ACM nEveioreWr, nac Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Promote and safeguard the public interest and the interest of the County as a whole; Facilitate the democratic determination of community policies concerning the utilization of its natural, man-made, and human resources; Effect political and technical coordination in community improvement and development; abut Inject long-range considerations into the determination of short-range actions and implementation. In the 1989 Hawaii County General Plan, the land of the project site is designated "Urban Expansion," "Resort" and "Open." All the plans and agreements between the State agencies and JDI were developed to be consistent with this plan. The General Plan was revised in February 2005, when the County Council adopted a revised General Plan for the County of Hawaii changing the project site Resort designation to Open. Figure V shows the 2005 Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map. In December 2005, the County Planning Director prepared Draft Interim General Plan Amendments for the County of Hawaii with related proposed amendments to the Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map. The Planning Director proposed that the DLNR portion of the Kona Kai Ola project, designated "Open" in the 2005 General Plan, be amended to "Urban Expansion Area." On November 29, 2006, the Hawaii County Council approved this amendment. The Planning Director describes the request as follows: Open to Urban Expansion Location: Area of Honokohau Harbor Rationale: The State plans to expand the harbor and have some associated commercial and golf course development surrounding the harbor. The development should include a coastal open space buffer, but the exact dimensions can be set at the time ofzoning. Hawaii County's General Plan (HCGP) objectives and policies applicable to the Kona Kai Ola project are hereby discussed: HCGP 2 — Economic Goals, Policies and Courses of Action Goals: (a) Provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life through economic development that enhances the County's natural and social environments. (b) Economic development and improvement shall be in balance with the physical, social, and cultural environments of the island of Hawaii. (d) Provide an economic environment that allows new, expanded, or improved economic opportunities that are compatible with the County's cultural, natural and social environment. Page 130 r,-,ipm bmm �i��•�tl<�tljtljtlj>tltltl<t •tlj�i tltlltlAtljtp���i�tl v�tl�tltltltli �Itltltltl<tltltltl° ft�tltltl <tltltltltltl9tltltltl�►�ltltltl4tltltl�►tltltl�i H °►`�tltltltltltl�tltltlj�itl��tltltltltltltlltlU���ptl�►tltltltltltltltl� ►tP:�tltl Retl�♦<tltl♦��♦ .iii..Q• �,ar��tl1�tlJi<�tl<'tl<�tltltltltl<.! � i » �tittltlt -�tl -f tl � Ptl<tl���tl� Atli<�< t7 Ltl��O tltltl foli I ♦ O�t ONNS MNS-6 tlFt Atltltl<tltltl♦ •tlR-1 <►tltlb('tltls�tltl ►tl<j tMo �tltl�ptl.<�1tl<tltl(�� 4 tl , Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies r. �r Policies: (c) Encourage the development of a visitor industry that is in harmony with the social, physical, and economic goals of the residents of the County. (d) Require a study of the significant cultural, social and physical impacts of large developments prior to approval. yy (f) Support all levels of educational, employment and training opportunities and institutions. (g) Capital improvements program shall improve the quality of existing commercial and industrial areas (p) (p) Idents the needs of the business community and take actions that are necessary to improve the business climate. Courses of Action for North Kona Economic: (a) Resort development in the area shall be in balance with the social and physical goals as well as economic desires of the residents of the district. Necessary pollution controls shall be available prior to development. Other necessary support facilities such as transportation and nursery r facilities shall also be provided. 69 Recognize the natural beauty of the area as a major economic and social asset. This resource should be protected through appropriate review processes when development is proposed. Discussion: Kona Kai Ola is consistent with Hawaii County goals to provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life through economic development that enhances the County's natural and social environments. Kona Kai Ola provides an economic environment that allows new, expanded, or improved economic opportunities that are compatible with the County's cultural, natural and social environment. The project will transform vacant land into a viable mixed-use development with a distinctive marina and boating focus, recreational attractions, and a wide range of visitor facilities and local resident features. The proposed uses at Kona Kai Ola will broaden the spectrum of business opportunities in the area, and provide a wider range of employment options. Concurrent with the development of the site with hotel, time-shares, commercial and marina expansion features, the project seeks to create an attractive market for environmentally and socially sound investment activities for the West Hawaii community. Kona Kai Ola is proposing a truly integrated mixed-use community which is designed equally for visitors and residents, enhances existing marina, fishing and water recreational businesses and provides a range of economic opportunities, not limited to typical West Hawaii resort's employment opportunities. The expanded marina will involve employment related to skilled marina support jobs, SWAC facility mechanical jobs, and the water features and marine science center will involve employment of marine biology and environmental education jobs. Finally, the emphasis on preservation of cultural/archaeological features will provide a connection to the Hawaiian cultural emphasis of the area. This DEIS addresses the HCGP policy for a thorough study of significant cultural, social and physical impacts related to a project of this size. Page 132 FA IN Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Kona Kai Ola is in balance with the social and physical goals of West Hawaii residents, as well as economic desires. To help sustain this balance, JDI will establish the Kona Kai Ola Community Foundation to support community efforts such as community development, a community health care, job training, educational and cultural programs and projects and will contribute $100,000 as initial funding. HCGP Section 3 -Energy ,.� Goals: 101 (a) Encourage the development of alternate energy resources 69 Strive to assure a sufficient supply of energy to support present and future demands. • (k) Strive to diversify the energy supply and minimize the environmental impacts associated with energy usage. do (n) Encourage energy-saving design in the construction of buildings M Discussion: While Kona Kai Ola will feature the latest sustainable energy reducing technology 40 available, its most visible energy-saving feature will be its proposed seawater air conditioning (SWAC) facility. The project is to use cold deep seawater piped throughout the development for air conditioning which will result in substantial electrical energy savings and costs for the community and the developer. Deep, cold, seawater technology is currently being used at NELHA, near the Kona International Airport. It is a logical use in this area considering the hot dry climate, accessibility of deep cold water and the increasing cost of energy and fossil fuels. It is a renewable alternative energy source that will result in long-term cost savings and reduced energy requirements, in keeping .. with goals and policies of the State and County. In addition, all units will have photovoltaic energy provided from roof -top collectors as part of the designed energy efficient package. Solar hot water systems will also be used. HCGP Section 4 - Environmental Quality Goals, Policies and Courses of Action Goals: (a) Define the most desirable use of land within the County that achieves an ecological balance providing residents and visitors the quality of life and an environment in which r the natural resources of the island are viable and sustainable. +. (b) Maintain and, if feasible, improve the existing environmental quality of the island (c) Control pollution. Policies: ar (c) Advise the public of environmental conditions and research undertaken on the island's environment. so (d) Encourage the concept of recycling agricultural, industrial, and municipal waste material. • *� Page 133 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (k) Require implementation of the management measures contained in Hawai `i's Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program as a condition ofland use permitting. (l) Review the County grading and grubbing ordinances to ensure that they adequately address potential erosion and runoffproblems. Discussion: Kona Kai Ola will alter land, air and water quality with its construction activities and long-term increase in on-site people, physical structures and activities. A fundamental approach to Kona Kai Ola will be the incorporation of long-term sustainable development and management features. In general these practices are designed to minimize the use of potable water, electricity, vehicles, drainage infrastructure, disruption to groundwater hydrology and impacts to habitats and cultural resources. .. The mitigation measures discussed in this DEIS are designed to minimize, or in some cases improve, the impacts to the resources of the site and region. The project will be required to comply with all provisions and codes designed to reduce the threat on life and property, from natural disasters. At the regional level, this development is located within an urbanizing corridor with existing and proposed development in the surrounding area. Infrastructure, while needing to be upgraded and extended, is already available in the immediate area. The master planning and phasing of Kona Kai Ola allow for coordinated development of infrastructure, consistency of design in the architecture, and economies of scale for capital .� improvements. The cost of the marina, connector roads, and project -related infrastructure improvements will be borne by the developer resulting in the significant savings for the public. The State expects to receive substantial lease rental revenues from the project due to the revenues generated through the leasing agreements for this site, of which the fee title will remain with the State. HCGP Section 5 - Flooding and Other Natural Hazards Goals and Policies UL Goals: +� r (a) Protect human life. (b) Prevent damage to man-made improvements. Ar r (c) Control pollution. (d) Prevent damage from inundation. (e) Reduce surface water and sediment runoff. (fi Maximi -e soil and water conservation. Policies: .. (d) Any development within the Federal Emergency Management Agency designated flood plain must be in compliance with Chapter 27. (g) Development -generated runoffshall be disposed of in a manner acceptable to the Department of Public Works and in compliance with all State and Federal lcnvs. Page 134 """ Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (h) Develop a comprehensive program for the coordinated construction of a drainage network along a single drainage system. (1) The County and the private sector shall be responsible for maintaining and improving existing drainage systems and constructing new drainage facilities. (p) Where applicable, natural drainage channels shall be improved to increase their capacity with special consideration for the practices ofproper soil conservation, and grassland and forestry management. (q) Consider natural hazards in all land use planning and permitting. .. Discussion: The mitigation measures discussed in this DEIS are designed to minimize, or in some cases improve, the impacts to the resources of the site and region. The project will be required to comply with all provisions and codes designed to reduce the threat on life and property from natural disasters. At the regional level, this development is located within an ev urbanized corridor with existing and proposed development in the surrounding area. Infrastructure, while needing to be upgraded and extended, is already present in the immediate area. do HCGP Section 6 - Historic Sites Goals and Policies Goals: ,01 (a) Protect, restore, and enhance the sites, buildings, and objects ofsignifcant historical and cultural importance to Hawaii. (b) Appropriate access to significant historic sites, buildings, and objects ofpublic interest should be made available. r (c) Enhance the understanding of man's place on the landscape by understanding the system of ahupua'a. do Policies: (a) Agencies and organizations, either public or private, pursuing knowledge about historic sites should keep the public apprised ofprojects. r (c) Require both public and private developers of land to provide historical and archaeological surveys and cultural assessments, where appropriate, prior to the clearing or development of land when there are indications that the land under consideration has historical significance. w (d) Public access to significant historic sites and objects shall be acquired, where 01 appropriate. (e) Embark on a program of restoring significant historic sites on County lands. Assure the protection and restoration of sites on other public lands through a joint effort with the State. M (1) Encourage the restoration ofsignificant sites on private lands. ^ rl +�+ Page 135 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (g) Collect and distribute historic sites information ofpublic interest and keep an inventory of sites. (i) Signs explaining historic sites, buildings and objects shall be in keeping with the character of the area or the cultural aspects of the feature. (n) Consider requiring Cultural Assessments for certain developments as part of the rezoning process. Discussion: Archaeological studies are summarized in and appended to this DEIS. The historical Hawaiian cultural resources such as heiau, ahu and burial sites will be preserved and educational features added for visitors, where appropriate. The proposed 400 -foot buffer along the shoreline will result in the preservation of significant cultural/archaeological, faunal and floral habitats, while ensuring that the shore is accessible and usable to visitors and residents. A Data Recovery Plan, a Site Preservation Plan and a Burial Treatment Plan will be submitted to DLNR — SHPD for review and approval. HCGP Section 7 - Natural Beauty Goals and Policies Goals: (a) Protect, preserve and enhance the quality ofareas endowed with natural beauty, including the quality of coastal scenic resources. (b) Protect scenic vistas and view planes from becoming obstructed. Policies: (a) Increase public pedestrian access opportunities to scenic places and vistas. (b) Develop and establish view plane regulations to preserve and enhance views of scenic or prominent landscapes frorn specific locations, and coastal aesthetic values. (d) Access easement to public or private lands that have natural or scenic value shall be provided or acquired for the public. (e) Develop standard criteria for natural and scenic beauty as part of design plans. 69 Consider structural setback from major thoroughfares and highways and establish development and design guidelines to protect important viewplanes. (b) Protect the views of areas endowed with natural beauty by carefully considering the effects ofproposed construction during all land use reviews. Discussion: West Hawaii has its own unique rugged natural beauty. While lacking lush vegetation, significant rainfall and an abundance of terrestrial fauna, it does contain a vibrant ocean ecosystem, panoramic vistas, a Hawaiian cultural heritage and a climate conducive to outdoor recreation. Page 136 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies The proposed structures are designed to blend with the natural terrain, use site appropriate Hawaiian and other appropriate xeriscape landscaping and utilize earth tone colors and natural materials, to the degree possible. The proposed harbormaster facility's close proximity to the *� National Historical Park boundary requires special consideration, to ensure that the visitor visual experience from the Park is not compromised. While there are no actual visual guideline w requirements for the preservation of views from the Park, Kona Kai Ola has been, and will continue to work with the National Park Service to ensure that visual experience is preserved to the degree possible while ensuring safety of the harbor entrance. r HCGP Section 8 - Natural Resources and Shoreline Goals: (p) Encourage the use of native plants for screening and landscaping. r (c) Develop policies by which native Hawaiian gathering rights will be protected as identified under judicial decisions. W Page 137 (a) Protect and conserve the natural resources from undue exploitation, encroachment and damage. r (b) Provide opportunities for recreational, economic, and educational needs without despoiling or endangering natural resources. (c) Protect and promote the prudent use of Hawai Ts unique, fragile, and significant environmental and natural resources. (d) Protect rare or endangered species and habitats native to Hawai'i. W (e) Protect and effectively manage Hawai'i's open space, watersheds, shoreline, and natural areas. r (� Ensure alterations to existing land forms, vegetation, and construction of structures ,. cause minimum adverse effect to water resources, and scenic and recreational amenities and minimum danger offoods, landslides, erosion, siltation, or failure in the event of an earthquake. Policies: i (c) Maintain the shoreline for recreational, cultural, educational, and/or scientific uses in a .. manner that is protective of resources and is of the maximum benefit to the general public. r s (d) Protect the shoreline from the encroachment of man-made improvements and structures. (e) Coordinate programs to protect natural resources with other government agencies. .. (g) Promote sound management and development of Hawai'i's land and marine resources for potential economic benefit. rr (i) Encourage an overall conservation ethic in the use ofHawai'i's resources byprotecting, preserving, and conserving the critical and significant natural resources of the County of r Hawaii. (p) Encourage the use of native plants for screening and landscaping. r (c) Develop policies by which native Hawaiian gathering rights will be protected as identified under judicial decisions. W Page 137 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (r) Ensure public access is provided to the shoreline, public trails and hunting areas, including free public parking where appropriate. (s) Establish a system of pedestrian access trails to places of scenic, historic, cultural, natural, or recreational values. n. Discussion: Kona Kai Ola has a distinct ocean recreation theme that fully Hawaii County's objectives for ocean recreational opportunities. The project includes an 800 -slip marina with a canoe and marina park that will expand the region's boating opportunities and support facilities. A 400 -foot shoreline setback will provide full public access along the coast. Further, a proposed marine science center will help to educate people about coastal habitats and encourage responsible stewardship of these resources. The beaches adjacent to Kona Kai Ola will be protected and preserved. A 400 -foot buffer zone M along the shoreline will be preserved as open space and no buildings or structures shall be proposed within the 400 -foot shoreline setback area, with the possible exception of possible culturally -related structures. Further, to control building mass near the shoreline, development sites directly adjacent to the shoreline setback area will be limited by design covenants to a lower unit density and height limits. Bikeways, walking paths, trails and enhanced pedestrian access to the shore are incorporated into �. the development design. HCGP Section 10 - Public Facilities Goals and Policies Goals: (a) Encourage the provision ofpublic facilities that effectively service community and visitor needs and seek ways of improving public service through better and more functional facilities in keeping with the environmental and aesthetic concerns of the community. r Policies: (b) Coordinate with appropriate State agencies for the provision ofpublic facilities to serve the needs ofthe community. (c) Develop short and long-range capital improvement programs and operating budgets for r public facilities and services. W Discussion: Kona Kai Ola includes significant measures to improve the region's public facilities. .. The proposed expanded marina will provide much-needed boat slips, as well as transportation opportunities, including the possible use of transit water shuttles to Kailua-Kona. Additionally, public parks, trails, and gathering places will also be developed with this project. o Numerous road improvements, including a makai extension of Kuakini Highway south to .. Kailua-Kona, will help ease traffic, reduce air pollution through fewer idling cars in traffic and reduce emergency vehicle delays. Page 138 w c Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Aawai`i Conformance with Public Plans and Policies HCGP Section II — Public Utilities Goals, Policies Goals: (a) Ensure that properly regulated, adequate, efficient and dependable public and private Th utility services are available to users. (b) Maximize efficiency and economy in the provision ofpublic utility services. Policies: ' (a) Public utilityfacilities shall be designed to complement adjacent land uses and shall be operated to minimize pollution or disturbance. .. (b) Provide utilities and service facilities that minimize total cost to the public and effectively service the needs of the community. y (d) Improvement of existing utility services shall be encouraged to meet the needs of users. (f) Develop short and long range capital improvement programs and plans for public utilities within its jurisdiction that are consistent with the General Plan. (g) Water, sewerage, electricity, gas, and telecommunication services are treated individually in this section to clarify, the factors that comprise the public utilities element. rr Courses ofAction (North Kona - Water): r (a) Continue to pursue groundwater source investigation, exploration and development in areas that would provide for anticipated growth and an efficient and economic system W. operation. (b) Continue to evaluate growth conditions to coordinate improvements as required to the existing water system in accordance with the North Kona Water System Master Plan. Policies for Wastewater: r (e) Plans for wastewater reclamation and reuse for irrigation and biosolids composting (remaining solids from the treatment of wastewater is processed into a reusable organic - material) shall be utilized where feasible and needed Discussion: The master planning and phasing of Kona Kai Ola allow for coordinated development of infrastructure, consistency of design in the architecture, and economies of scale for capital improvements. The cost of the marina and project -related infrastructure improvements will be borne by the developer resulting in the significant savings for the public. The State s expects to receive substantial lease rental revenues from the project due to the revenues generated through the leasing agreements for this site, of which the fee title will remain with the State. Page 139 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies r The developer is required to secure new sources of potable water to serve the project site. To w. minimize the water needs for this development, water conservation measures will be incorporated into the design and operation of Kona Kai Ola. To achieve that end, drought tolerant, Hawaiian and other appropriate xeriscape landscaping will be used, R-1 water will be w used for landscaping to the extent possible and low flow water fixtures will be used throughout the development. The developer is working with the County Department of Water to ensure the proposed water infrastructure is designed to accommodate the County goals on recycled water w use. As part of the Kona Kai Ola development, upgrades will be required at the Kealakehe Waste rw Water Treatment Plant (WWTP). These upgrades are currently needed at the aging facility to meet current development needs. To serve Kona Kai Ola, the WWTP will be brought up to current requirements for health, environment, operation and expanded capacity needs. As noted r throughout this EIS, sustainable development features will be incorporated in this development resulting in re -use, recycling and reduction in waste generated. r HCGP Section 12 - Recreation Goals: (a) Provide a wide variety of recreational opportunities for the residents and visitors of the County. (b) Maintain the natural beauty of recreation areas. (c) Provide a diversity of environments for active and passive pursuits. Policies: ■r (c) Recreational facilities shall reflect the natural, historic, and cultural character of the area. (i) Coordinate recreational programs and facilities with governmental and private agencies ]r and organisations. Innovative ideas for improving recreational facilities and opportunities shall be considered (l) Public access to the shoreline shall be provided in accordance with an adopted program Ok of the County ofHawai `i. re (m) Develop a network ofpedestrian access trails to places ofscenic, historic, natural or recreational values. This system of trails shall provide, at a minimum, an island wide _ route connecting major parks and destinations. ., (n) Establish a program to inventory ancient trails, cart roads and old government roads on the island in coordination with appropriate State agencies. (o) Develop facilities and safe pathway systems for walking, jogging, and biking activities. e Courses of Action (North Kona — Recreation): fn Acquire, and/or encourage the development of additional public shoreline recreation areas. Page 140 M Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (g) Establish public access to and the development of shoreline regions along the North Kona Coast in areas such as Keawaiki, Kiholo Bay, Ka `u pulehu, Kukio and Kapapa Bays, Kua Bay, Kahoiawa, Makalawena, and Honokohau. 0) Protect `Opae `ula, Kaloko, and Honokohau (Aimakapa) Ponds as natural areas. (k) Encourage the development of historic trails. Discussion: Kona Kai Ola will integrate into its surrounding community, provide diverse activities for the visitors and residents, and result in the promotion and enhancement of cultural, economic, recreational and environmental features which make this specific site unique. Kona Kai Ola has a distinct ocean recreation theme that fully meets Hawaii County's objectives for ocean recreational opportunities. The project includes an 800 -slip marina with a canoe and marina park that will expand the region's boating opportunities and support facilities. A 400 -foot shoreline setback will provide full public access along the coast. Further, a proposed marine science center will help to educate people about coastal habitats and encourage responsible stewardship of these resources. w The shoreline adjacent to Kona Kai Ola will be protected and preserved. A 400 -foot buffer zone along the shoreline will be preserved as open space and no buildings or structures shall be proposed within the 400 -foot shoreline setback area, with the possible exception of culturally - related structures. Further, to control building mass near the shoreline, development sites directly adjacent to the shoreline setback area will be limited by design covenants to a lower unit density and height limits. r Bikeways, walking paths, trails and enhanced pedestrian access to the shore are incorporated into — the development design. The proximity to the Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park provides the opportunity for collaboration for educational, environmental and cultural goals, while the expanded marina will • provide new and enhanced water recreational and business opportunities. Instead of featuring a golf course providing relatively passive recreation for a limited number of participants, Kona Kai Ola will be developed around a more active, social and inclusive components such as public parks, trails, walkways, as well as seawater lagoons and possible marine life educational and interactive areas. HCGP Section 13 — Transportation +� Goals: r (a) Provide a transportation system whereby people and goods can move efficiently, safely, comfortably and economically. r (b) Make available a variety, of modes of transportation that best meets the needs of the County. Page 141 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Policies: Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (b) The agencies concerned with transportation systems shall provide for present traffic and future demands, including the programmed development of mass transit programs for high growth areas by both the private and public sectors. (c) The improvement of transportation service shall be encouraged. HCGP Section 13.2 -- Transportation: Roadways Goals: (a) Provide a system of roadways for the safe, efficient and comfortable movement of people and goods. (b) Provide an integrated State and County transportation system so that new major routes will complement and encourage proposed land policies. Policies: (b) Investigate various methods of funding road improvements, including private sector participation, to meet the growing transportation needs of the island. (j) Transportation and drainage systems shall be integrated where feasible. Courses of Action (North Kona — Transportation): (b) Encourage the State to widen Queen Ka `ahumanu Highway as necessary to acconhnxuknc increases in n affie flows, in particular between Kona International Airport at Keahole and Kailua-Kona. (d) Encourage the State to extend Keolakehe Parkway mauka to connect with the Mainalahoa Highway. (m) Support the installation ofsunable bikeways andlorjogging paths. Discussion: The proposed expanded marina will provide transportation opportunities, and provide for possible use of transit water shuttles to Kailua-Kona. In terms of land transportation, proposed numerous road improvements, including a makai extension of Kealakehe Parkway and Kuakini Highway south to the Kailua-Kona, will help ease traffic, reduce air pollution through fewer idling cars in traffic and reduce emergency vehicle delays. Accessibility and enhanced options for transportation with a consistent theme of reducing vehicle use are proposed at Kona Kai Ola. Bikeways, walking paths, trails and enhanced pedestrian access to the shore are incorporated into the development design. The layout of the development will reduce the need for a personal vehicle. A regularly scheduled shuttle service is proposed for moving people throughout the development, as well as between Kona Kai Ola, the airport, the surrounding neighborhoods, and Kailua-Kona. Page 142 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii HCGP Section 14 - Land Use HCGP Section 14.3 -- Commercial Development `"' Goals: Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies (a) Provide for commercial developments that maximize convenience to users. (b) Provide commercial developments that complement the overall pattern of transportation and land usage within the island's regions, communities, and neighborhoods. Policies: (c) Distribution of commercial areas shall meet the demands of neighborhood, community .. and regional needs. (n The development of commercial facilities should be designed to fit into the locale with a minimal intrusion while providing the desired services. Appropriate infrastructure and design concerns shall be incorporated into the review ofsuch developments. (h) Require developers to provide basic infrastructure necessary for development. r (i) Encourage commercial areas to develop on an axis perpendicular to the highway. Discussion: The project complies with all of the applicable goals and policies listed for commercial development in Hawaii County. The proposed commercial developments will be oriented towards responding to retail needs of local residents with possible larger retailers, grocery stores and community -services. In keeping with the master plan approach to this development, the commercial areas will be incorporated with the rest of the development into a coherent architectural theme and design. As part of the development agreements with the State, the developer is required to meet its ., infrastructure needs to serve the anticipated development. In addition, Kona Kai Ola will also expand the harbor, create open space, preserve cultural resources and complete off-site roadway improvements. The commercial developments on the DHHL property will be centered on Queen w Ka`ahumanu Highway for direct and easy access to patrons, reducing traffic impacts on to side streets. HCGP Section 14.7 -- Resort Development rr Goals: (a) Maintain an orderly development of the visitor industry. 11 (b) Provide for resort development that maximizes conveniences to its users and optimizes the benefits derived by the residents of the County. ar (c) Ensure that resort developments maintain the cultural and historic, social, economic, and physical environments of Hawai `i and its people. • Page 143 • Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Policies: (d) Zoning of resort areas shall be granted when the proposed development is consistent with and incorporates the stated goals, policies and standards of the General Plan. (fJ Designate and allocate future resort areas inappropriate proportions and in keeping with the social, economic, and physical environments of the County. (h) Encourage the visitor industry to provide resort facilities that offer an educational experience ofHawai'i as well as recreational activities. (i) Coastal resort developments shall provide public access to and parkingfor beach and shoreline areas. (1) Re-evaluate existing undeveloped resort designated and/or zoned areas, and reallocate these lands in appropriate locations. (k) Require developers to provide the basic infrastructure necessaryfor development. Courses of Action (North Kona — Resort Development): (c) Improve and provide adequate roadways, sewer and water systems, and other basic amenities in all areas where higher density uses are allowed Discussion: The agreement between IDI and the State identifies hotel and time-share uses as possible development at Kona Kai Ola. The proposed project includes 700 hotel units and 1,803 time-share units and requires rezoning for implementation. The visitor industry is vital to the State of Hawaii in general and West Hawaii in particular. The hotel and time-share project components will help to strengthen the visitor industry in this region, while implementing other visitor industry policies of Hawaii County. Educational opportunities will be provided at the marine science center and the cultural park. Public shoreline access will be provided and enhanced with a 400 -foot shoreline setback. In addition to meeting project infrastructure requirements, the project also includes major regional roadway improvements. HCGP Section 14.8 -- Open Space Goals: (a) Provide and protect open space for the social, environmental, and economic well-being of the County of Hawaii and Its residents. Policies: (b) Open space in urban areas shall be established and provided through zoning and subdivision regulations. (c) Encourage the identification, evaluation, and designation ofnatural areas. Page 144 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Conformance with Public Plans and Policies Discussion: Kona Kai Ola will be designed to protect and preserve the area's scenic and open space resources. A 400 -foot buffer zone along the shoreline will be preserved as open space and no buildings or structures shall be proposed within the 400 -foot shoreline setback area, with the possible exception of possible culturally -related structures. To control building mass near the shoreline, development sites directly adjacent to the shoreline setback area will be limited by design covenants to a lower unit density and height limits. Buildings located further mauka will " increase to a maximum of four stories, in keeping with the "coconut tree height" general limit. �. Along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, the northern edge of the large commercial parcel contiguous to the water feature will be limited to one-story structures. Structures on the remaining area of the parcel will be limited to the equivalent of three stories in height. Further, major roadways, parking areas, and areas surrounding all major structures will be landscaped in accordance with a landscape master plan. HCGP Section 14.9 — Public Lands Goals Goals: (a) Utilize publicly owned lands in the best public interest and to the maximum benefit for the greatest number ofpeople. Discussion: This project complies with all provisions of these goals and policies in Section 14.9. Kona Kai Ola achieves the goals for public interest facilities, at the cost of a private developer. .. The State expects to receive substantial lease rental revenues from the project due to the revenues generated through the leasing agreements for this site, of which the fee title will remain with the State. As part of the approval process, the developer is required to comply with the Housing Ordinance, resulting in additional housing options for residents. The revenues from the DHHL commercial development will help fund additional homestead housing including continued development of the Villages of Lai `Opua, mauka of the project site. The marina, parks, trails, and community areas are designed as integral parts of this development. Approximately 42 percent of the project site is planned to be in open space. 'r 5.2.2 Community Development Plans As part of the General Plan update that the County of Hawaii adopted in 2005, community development plans were to be formulated for different regions in the County and submitted to the Planning Commission and County Council for adoption as an ordinance. The Kona Kai Ola project is located in the Kona Community Development Plan area. r The maps associated with the preliminary efforts of the Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) include the Kona Kai Ola project site within the Preferred Urban Growth boundary of the M Kona area. This CDP process was started in 2005 and is continuing as of this writing. The Kona CDP process is guided by a Steering Committee composed of a broad cross-section of the community. The Steering Committee, appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the Council on rt February 1, 2006, will provide guidance, assist in the preparation of the plan, and recommend the plan's approval to the Planning Commission (NKona 2006). M Currently, the 1990 Keahole to Kailua Development Plan (K -to -K Plan) guides land use actions by the public and private sectors. It is intended to cant' out the General Plan goals and policies related to the development of the portion of North Kona area, including the Kona Kai Ola site. do Page 145 J OP Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Conformance with Public Plans and Policies The "Preferred Growth Plan" of the Keahole to Kailua Development Plan identifies the project site as a new regional urban center to include commercial, civic and financial business related uses, an expanded "Harbor Complex," a shoreline road, and a shoreline park. The proposed development is consistent with the recommendations in the Keahole to Kailua Development Plan. 5.2.3 County Zoning As shown on Figure W, the project site is zoned "Open". Under Section 25-5-160 of the Hawaii County Code, "The O (Open) district applies to areas that contribute to the general welfare, the full enjoyment, or the economic well-being of open land type use which has been established, or is proposed. The object of this district is to encourage development around it such as a golf course and park, and to protect investments which have been or shall be made in reliance upon the retention of such open type use, to buffer an otherwise incompatible land use or district, to preserve a valuable scenic vista or an area of special historical significance, or to protect and preserve submerged land, fishing ponds, and lakes (natural or artificial tide lands)". Some of the proposed uses at Kona Kai Ola are permitted uses in the Open zone such as: ■ Heiau, historical areas, structures, and monuments; ■ Natural features, phenomena, and vistas as tourist attractions; • Private recreational uses involving no aboveground structure except dressing rooms and comfort stations; • Public parks; ■ Public uses and structures, as permitted under Section 25-4-11. In addition to those uses permitted outright, the following uses are permitted after issuance of a use permit: Yacht harbors and boating facilities; provided that the use, in its entirety, is compatible with the stated purpose of the O district. • Uses considered directly accessory to the uses permitted in this section shall also be permitted in the O district. The proposed time-share and hotel units and commercial uses would not be consistent with the zoning designation of "Open". Project implementation therefore requires rezoning of portions of the project to the appropriate zoning category. Page 146 "" m ,G_... 1- r -r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii 5.2.4 Special Management Area ■ Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement W Conformance with Public Plans and Policies As shown in Figure X, the entire project area up to the highway is within the coastal zone management zone known as the Special Management Area, or SMA. At the County level, implementation of the CZM Program is through the review and issuance of the Special Management Area (SMA) permit. Kona Kai Ola complies with and implements the objectives and policies of the Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Program, and a full discussion is provided in Section 5.1.3. 5.3 Permits Required for Project Federal ■ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit (Section 404) ■ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit (Section 10) State of Hawaii Department of Health ■ Office of Environmental Quality Control - Chapter 343- Environmental Impact Statement ■ Clean Water Branch - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit • Clean Water Branch - Water Quality Certification (401) ■ Clean Water Branch — Zone of Mixing ■ Noise, Radiation, and Indoor Air Quality Branch — Community Noise Permit ■ Safe Drinking Water Branch — Injection Well Permit and Source Water Use Approval Department of Land and Natural Resources • Commission on Water Resource Management — Well Construction Permit, Pump Installation Permit, and Water Use Permit • Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands - Conservation District Use Permit (SWAG pipe and parkway extension through Queen Lili`uokalani Trust property). Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism -Office of Planning ■ Coastal Zone Management — CZM Consistency County of Hawaii • General Plan Amendment (in process) ■ Rezoning ■ Building Permit ■ Grading/Grubbing Permit ■ Special Management Area Permit (SMA) ■ Subdivision Approval Page 148 FM 60 E 0 Lm I" L I I I 0 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement YY This page is intentionally blank Page 150 1 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources 6 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources NIM Implementation of Kona Kai Ola will result in irreversible and irretrievable commitment of land, water, energy and fiscal resources from the private sector and the State. As previously discussed, W. the State does not have sufficient funds to expand harbor facilities, and has entered into •— agreements with JDI to construct the harbor and exercise various options to develop the site. The project site is mostly vacant, and project implementation will significantly alter the land use character and visual resource. The property would be transformed from an undeveloped open area to a built, planned, service -providing, income -generating facility. This development will require on-site infrastructure, namely transportation, drainage, water and wastewater infrastructure, and private funds will be committed to construct the necessary improvements. The development will also increase the use of existing public infrastructure, including police and fire protection services, but will provide new business and employment opportunities, and new hotels and time-share complexes. Labor and materials used to construct the project are mostly non-renewable and irretrievable resources. After construction, operation of the project will require continued use of water and electricity. However, JDI intends to incorporate the latest environmental design and technology to create an energy efficient, low environmental impact, sustainable development at Kona Kai Ola to optimize the use of environmental resources. In addition, the proposed shuttle service and r" pedestrian path system will help reduce the need for vehicular use, and systems will be included to produce electricity from renewable sources. r The impacts represented by the commitment of these resources are outweighed by the significant positive socio-economic benefits that could be derived from project implementation. Recreational, cultural and economic opportunities will be made available through the 0 development of Kona Kai Ola. Infrastructure to support the project will be improved, and private funds will be used to construct public facilities including a marina and a 1.5 mile extension of Kuakini Highway. In addition, a new marine science center will be featured, and residents and visitors alike will have access to on-site cultural and recreational parks Further, Kona Kai Ola achieves goals for public interest facilities, at the cost of a private developer. The fee title in the land will remain with the State, and the State expects to receive substantial lease rental revenues from the project. M. M As part of the approval process, the developer is required to comply with the Housing Ordinance, resulting in additional housing options for residents. The revenues from the DHHL +. commercial development will help fund additional homestead housing including continued W development of the Villages of La`i `Opua, mauka of the project site. Page 151 Keatakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of lbwai`i This page is intentionally blank. P" le I� Y1e Op Yu ■ w IF mh v Ift w r w .r .r r r Page 152 II/ r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Relationship between Short Term Uses of the Environment and the Maintenance of Long Term Productivity 7 Relationship between Short Term Uses of the Environment and the Maintenance of Long Term Productivity On a short term basis, construction equipment, earth movement, blasting and other activities would impact the area. Earth movement and construction would be visible from mauka areas, .. Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, the adjacent shoreline areas and the ocean. Construction traffic would increase during work hours as cut material from the new harbor is transported if needed off-site. Short-term noise would increase, while air quality would diminish, with the commencement of construction activities. Construction activities will generate employment opportunities throughout the duration of the construction period, including overall site activities and construction of individual projects. It is anticipated that the majority of construction workers will originate from nearby communities, or commute from other regions. Due to the scope of the project, the anticipated phasing of the project encompasses a 15 year build -out. Most of the heavy grading, earth movement, marina construction and the majority of the infrastructure improvements will most likely be completed during the beginning of the build -out. Construction of lodging and commercial facilities will be completed over a longer-term period. M In the long-term, as portions of the project become operational and capital construction activities decline, the addition of structures and human activity will incrementally generate impacts above current levels for noise, air quality, and traffic. Completion and operation of the project will M generate long-term impacts to public services including solid waste collection, wastewater collection and processing, energy generation and transmission, water use and distribution, and police, health and fire protection. Long-term productivity resulting from project implementation will significantly outweigh short term costs. This productivity will be achieved through numerous ways. The project will generate rr significant economic benefits. The resulting increase in income, sales and property taxes will contribute to the public sector revenue base on a long-term, ongoing basis and the increase in employment and business opportunities will improve overall economic conditions. rr The project will also provide for long-term benefits for the visitor and boating industries. -- Regional ocean and land-based recreational resources will increase with on-site development. The boating industry will experience long-term benefits through the addition of new boat slips and the development of new marina serving facilities. The natural environment, including the shoreline environment will be altered but its long term sustainability, viability and productivity will be enhanced. The infrastructure improvements to .. the site, primarily the upgrades and subsequent hookups to the wastewater treatment plant will result in less effluent seeping into groundwater/nearshore waters from the temporary sump used for disposal of the effluent from the waste water treatment plant, as well as input via the septic systems used at the existing marina. Page 153 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Relationship between Short Term Uses of the Environment and the Maintenance of Long Term Productivity The extension of Kealakehe Parkway to Kuakini Highway will reduce traffic delays resulting in improved air quality and traffic noise reductions. While some anchialine ponds will have to be removed, and the remaining ponds become marine ecosystems, as an unintended result of the development, improved water circulation, increased seawater flows and a zone of mixing closer to the shoreline will result in improved marine habitat overall. The proposed open spaces, shoreline setback areas, water features and other formally designated habitats or preserved areas will result in better managed archaeological, cultural, habitat and educational opportunities for visitors and residents. Short term use and long term productivity relationships are described below in context of the following four specific areas of potential concern as described in the Hawaii State Office of Environmental Quality Control (OEQC) Guidelines for EIS review.The following discussion addresses each of these potential areas of concern. Narrowing the range of beneficial uses of the environment The proposed improvements in the Kona Kai Ola project have, when measured against the impacts overall, a beneficial impact on the environment. The project has a strong ocean and cultural orientation, and the proposed marine science center will help visitors and residents understand and respect the natural environment. The proposed traffic infrastructure improvements will expand the range of beneficial uses of the environment by improving traffic flow through intersections thereby reducing emissions. The proposed designation of a 400 -foot shoreline setback will preserve open space and improve public access to the shoreline for recreational and cultural uses. Creating a brackish water pond will enhance habitat for avian fauna. Long-term risks to health and safety The proposed project is not expected to generate risks to health and safety. The project will comply with all drainage, natural hazard building codes, solid and liquid waste disposal requirements and water quality standards. The anticipated infrastructure improvements to the wastewater treatment plant are anticipated to actually improve the health and safety of the community by bringing an older facility up to higher operational standards. All structures will be built to current building and safety codes, while access to the shore and around the site will be improved. Foreclosure of future options Implementation of Kona Kai Ola will preclude a range of potential other uses of the site including keeping the site in its current condition. However, the range of uses, type of development, quantity of open space and mitigations for preservation of various environmental impacts will not foreclose future options for enhancement, expansion or preservation of various environmental, cultural and community servicing facilities. Page 154 ■r ■Y "• Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Relationship between Short Term Uses of the Environment ,. and the Maintenance of Long Term Productivity Trade-offs among short- and long-term gains and losses Construction -related activities will result in short-term impacts and project implementation will result in a long-term loss of open space and the natural environment. Potential short- and long-term negative impacts are offset, however, by planned mitigation measures. Further, long-term benefits outweigh any short-term and long-term losses. Project design is intended to complement the natural landscape and on-site features will encourage understanding and respect for the environment. Sustainable design will be practiced based on the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System, which is a nationally accepted benchmark for the .. design, construction, and operation of high performance green buildings. ri Page 155 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Enviionmental Impact Statement This page is intentionally blank. Page 156 s r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Cumulative Impacts 8 Cumulative Impacts „ In general, West Hawaii is expected to continue to change with more urbanized uses being introduced to the region. West Hawai`i's population is forecasted to increase by 37 to 53 percent by 2020. It is expected that the economy will continue to be driven primarily by growth in the visitor industry and associated recreational real estate and West Hawaii is expected to continue to attract most of the island's visitors. Visitor units and tourism related employment are expected to experience corresponding increases. Several other projects are anticipated to be forces for change in West Hawaii. Kona -- International Airport at Keahole is planned for runway expansions and ancillary support facilities w, to meet growing airport needs projected for the next 15 years and areas for various commercial and industrial uses supporting airport activities are planned in three phases to the year 2015 and -- beyond. DHHL is proposing to make available 200 residential units in Kealakehe La`i `Opua .,. Village 4 and plans to build 376 residential units in Keahuolu Subdivisions. Lanihau is a proposed 336 -acre business park with mixed light industrial and commercial uses with retention and expansion of an existing quarry and quarry related facilities. It intends to add approximately 250 industrial lots to the region over the next ten years. The Queen Lili`uokalani Trust owns 3,500 acres in the Keahuolu ahupua`a in the area adjacent to Kailua-Kona and just south of the proposed Kona Kai Ola development. Present developed areas include three shopping centers, a ,.. mature light industrial park and a residential low-rise condominium, and further development is anticipated. To the north of the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park is Kohanaiki, a residential community that is being developed which includes 500 residences and a golf course. In the mauka areas of this part of North Kona, there are additional residential developments being planned. .. Kona Kai Ola will be part of this overall context of change and growth. The most apparent cumulative change in the socio-economic environment is the visual impact of more urbanized areas replacing underdeveloped or vacant land. There will be an increase in visitor and resident populations, although Kona Kai Ola will not contribute significantly to resident population. Also expected are increases in housing and visitor units, more commercial establishments, more jobs and more business opportunities. As the region continues to develop, archaeological and cultural resources will be affected and evaluated for appropriate mitigation. The pressure for recreational areas and facilities will increase and the need for shoreline access will continue. The demand for increased public services, including schools, police and fire protection and medical services, will increase. The regional cumulative effects on the physical environment include the site-specific changes in topography and the increase in impervious surfaces which could affect regional drainage. There will be a change in flora and fauna habitat and the ocean, and ponds may be subject to runoff and pollution. Ocean habitats and the marine environment may also be affected by the increased number of resident and visitor users, more boats, and land-based runoff and activities. rr w Page 157 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii r Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement w' Cumulative Impacts W The cumulative development will result in increased vehicular traffic, and the need for roadway improvements and alternative modes of transportation will increase. As the region continues to develop, noise levels may increase above current conditions, as more vehicles and new roadways, more structures and generally increased human activity characterize the region. Emissions from cars and electricity -generating facilities will increase air pollution. Infrastructure facilities will also be affected by cumulative development. The overall demand for potable water will increase with population growth. Wastewater flows will increase, and the North Kona Sewer Master Plan is being developed for Hawaii County to address future sewer improvements. Solid waste disposal will also increase with the cumulative growth. Kona Kai Ola will reduce or mitigate its impacts within the context of larger cumulative impacts. In working towards sustainability objectives, JDI intends to incorporate the latest environmental design and technology to create an energy efficient, low environmental impact, sustainable development at Kona Kai Ola. LEED promotes a whole -building approach to sustainability by recognizing performance in five key areas of human and environmental health: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality (LEED 2006). JDI's impacts on public infrastructure and utilities will be mitigated as proposed in this DEIS, and various measures are presented to reduce impacts related to the physical environment. Further the project includes components intended to serve the existing and future visitor and resident population, including a new marina. Shoreline access will be enhanced by a 400 -foot shoreline setback, various parks, including a canoe launching area, a marine science center and other recreational features. On-site commercial areas will expand shopping alternatives. Further, the extension of Kuakini Highway will help to mitigate project and cumulative traffic impacts. In addition, JDI will establish the Kona Kai Ola Community Foundation as a 501(C)(3) non- profit corporation to promote community efforts such as community development, community health care, job training, educational and cultural programs and projects. The primary target service population includes North Kona, and Hawaii Island residents with a focus on native Hawaiians. JDI will contribute $100,000 as initial funding. Ongoing financial support is to be provided by the land users of the Kona Kai Ola Project. The resources from this foundation can be used to address cumulative needs and efforts. Page 158 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Probable Adverse Environmental Impacts which Cannot be Avoided 9 Probable Adverse Environmental Impacts Which Cannot be Avoided Environmental impacts anticipated to result from the implementation of Kona Kai Ola have been discussed throughout this EIS. This section summarizes unavoidable adverse impacts. Short-term effects are generally associated with construction, and prevail only for the duration of r the construction period. Long-term effects generally follow completion of the improvements, relate either simply to their existence or to the operation of the new facilities, and are permanent. .. Effects that can be considered both adverse and unavoidable are discussed below. Construction impacts to air quality are short-term and temporary in nature. If mitigation measures are not provided, significant airborne emissions could include fugitive dust. Fugitive dust emissions are expected to result from earth -moving, cement -mixing activities, and vehicular travel in construction areas. HAR Section 11-60.1-33 prohibits the generation of fugitive dust without taking reasonable precautions to limit these emissions. As a result, significant fugitive dust generating activities will be minimized through mitigation measures identified in Section 3.5 of this DEIS. Vehicular emissions will also result from combustion of fossil fuels from construction equipment M and vehicles of commuting construction workers. In addition, noise impacts generated by the proposed action will come from the operation of equipment during the construction phase. Construction of the new marina will cause the removal of some anchialine ponds, as well as the change from brackish water to marine ecosystems in the remaining anchialine ponds makai of the new harbor. After the proposed project is completed, long-term impacts on air quality resulting from emissions from project -related motor vehicle traffic should be insignificant. The urbanization of .. this project will result in a loss of natural and open space. Further, there will be an increase in structural density and human activity, as well as a loss of archaeological sites classified as less '- significant. Solid waste and wastewater will be generated on-site, and energy and water will be .. consumed. Typical of development projects in general, the transformation of undeveloped land into an urban landscape is an unavoidable impact. The incorporation of the latest environmental design and technology to create an energy efficient, low environmental impact, sustainable development at Kona Kai Ola will help to mitigate such impacts. r Page 159 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Ilawai`i r Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement a' This page is intentionally blank. Page 160 ISI 01 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Summary of Unresolved Issues 10 Summary of Unresolved Issues Air conditioning for the Kona Kai Ola development may be provided by a system utilizing deep, cold ocean water for cooling or Seawater Air Conditioning (SWAC). SWAC would significantly reduce energy consumption requirements, and is being considered in keeping with the sustainability goals of the overall Kona Kai Ola project. The specific design for the proposed SWAC facility has not been finalized. SWAC is a relatively new type of technology and its use at Kona Kai Ola requires a coordinated design concurrent with the buildings, infrastructure, open " spaces and lagoons. If injection wells are chosen for circulated -water disposal, the location of these will be dictated by the underlying aquifer and groundwater system. The design of the SWAC will be established as the project progresses. If SWAC is not implemented, then conventional air conditioning systems will be used. The lack of affordable housing continues to be a serious problem for the West Hawaii region. The project will generate jobs possibly requiring workers to commute from existing distant housing areas, or to search for housing from the increasingly expensive West Hawaii housing market. Affordable housing requirements generated by Kona Kai Ola will be determined in the rezoning application process. Based on the current plan, it is anticipated that the development will need to secure water .. quantities estimated at 2.6 million gallons a day. Currently, Department of Water Supply (DWS) sources are not adequate to support the project needs. The developer is working with the County, DLNR and others on new sources, transmission and storage of water for the development. Page 161 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of HawaN This page is intentionally blank. w+ w. Awo 60 r w FA w MW 1P rr • �w w rm w ab 0 r r r r.r r •II; 9! Page 162 11� Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of rlawai`i Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola .. 11 Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Since November 2005, about 550 people have been given the Kona Kai Ola presentation, and were asked for comment and input. Approximately 180 people were contacted individually or in very small groups. An additional 370 people heard the Kona Kai Ola presentations that were "v given at larger meetings of different organizations. Each large group meeting included a presentation, and question and answer periods, with the members of the commission, council, or club. The community concerns and priorities expressed at these meetings were gathered in this 'rt communications program, and they were provided to the Kona Kai Ola planning and design team. Through this process, the plans for the project were redesigned, and the scope of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement was expanded to address these public concerns. a Over a period of eleven months, the key issues that surfaced from these public meetings and presentations include the need for improvements of the road infrastructure in the existing area, M traffic concerns on Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, the potential impact on the growth of Kona of the proposed number of visitor accommodation units (hotel and time-share), the environmental impact of the marina and the proposed number of slips, concerns about the County of Hawai`i's Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant, the need for community gathering places (parks and other areas to play and learn), adequate shoreline setbacks, and greater sensitivity to Hawaiian cultural values. The community concerns and priorities expressed at these meetings were gathered in this communications program, and they were provided to the Kona Kai Ola planning and design i team. Through an iterative planning process, the master development plan was revised or the Environmental Impact Statement studies were expanded to address the community concerns. This planning process which includes consultation with neighbors and community stakeholders �• will help ensure a successful design of Kona Kai Ola. Some of the design and planning steps being taken to address these community concerns include: • design the overall project to incorporate sustainability with energy efficiency, r environmental protection, and pedestrian -friendly designs to enhance community health; plan to create a sustainable ahupua`a by developing a commercial mixed-use W development around a new harbor in the makai region, and by developing affordable workforce housing in an area mauka of the project site in the same or adjacent ahupua`a - and connecting the ahupua`a with improved roadways, serviced by a regularly scheduled r shuttle. This way, people can live close to where they work, play and learn -- and they can get around the ahupua`a region without needing to own a car. design and plan for the Kealakehe Parkway extension to Kuakini Highway to be built in the first phase of the project as a major road connecting the harbor area to Kailua-Kona .. Village; +r evaluate the safety issues with the shared entrance channel that may limit the number of slips in the new harbor basin; M evaluate the market for boat slips that may suggest changes to the number of slips in the new harbor basin; r li Page 163 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola • include a substantial shoreline park, with a 400 -foot setback, providing increased public shoreline access to recreation areas and protection of culturally significant sites: ■ perpetuate the cultural history of this land through the inclusion of a cultural center as an integral part of the project; • include numerous community spaces in the plan including a canoe park, community gathering areas, and cultural center; • include a marine science education center, which will provide new opportunities for local schools to learn about the ocean and the maritime heritage of Hawaii; • evaluate different options for upgrading the wastewater treatment plant to improve its performance and capacity; ^" ■ evaluate and analyze of potential environmental impacts, and suggested mitigation measures that will be included in a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement. Table 2: Community Contacts Completed November 2005 through September 2006 • Denotes an individual or small group meeting * Denotes a group meeting Name Affiliation and Participation Bob Acree Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* w Marie Aguilar Attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Colleen Ain Ka `Ohana o Na Kupuna*• „ Danny Akaka Cultural Resources Director, Mauna Lani Resort• Mahea Akan Ironman Triathlon World Championship - Cathie Amelotte Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Aric Arakaki Superintendent, Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail - James Arakaki County Council person- A Ron Aronson _ Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Environmental and Natural Resources Committee Mtg* Kealakehe 2020 Sue Aronson Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission meeting Rick Asbach Rotary Club of Kona presentation* .. North Kona Vice President Tim Ashcraft Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors +• presentation* Alan Ayano Captain, Lady Dee Sportfishing- Member, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission '• Chad Baybayan Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission .. presentation* s.. Page 164 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola M Name Affiliation and Participation - Ron Baird Executive Director, Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority - Earl Bakken President, Five Mountains Hawai'i- Ed Barnett West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Stephen Bauman West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Marine Biologist, Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park Sallie Beavers Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation*- Superintendent, Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park Member Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission s Geraldine Bell Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission r. presentation*- Member Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission Ulalia Ka`ai Berman Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation* Diana Bertsch Event Director, Ironman Triathlon World Championship - R. Beesow West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Skip Bethea Aide, Hawaii County Council person Gary Safarik- Jean Bevan -Marquez West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* r Elaine Blank Education Director, Jack's Diving Locker• Tropidilla Productions Jody Bright Member. Small Boat Harbors and Boating Facilities Ad -Hoc Fact -Finding Committee Integrated Resource Management, Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Richard Boston Park• Kater Bourdon West Hawai'i Fisheries Council presentation* James Boyle Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* r Marsha Boyle Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Administrator. County of Hawaii Mass Transit Agency Tom Brown Attended Kona 'I raftic Safety Committee presentation* r Nancy Bums Engineer consultant. former engineer for the County of Hawai'i- Treasurer. Rotan Club of Kona Barbara Bush Attended Rotan Club of Kona presentation* Board member. Kaniohale Community Association at the Villages of La`i +� Marion Bush 'Opua Attended Kaniohale Community Association at the Villages of La`i `Opua Board of Directors presentation* Joe Bussing West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Zack Caldwell West Hawai'i Fisheries Council presentation* r Carl Carlson Kukio Resort - Brent Carmen West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Guy Cellier Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Ray Chaikin Kona environmental leader and Kona businessperson• • +. Page 165 M Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii r Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement w Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola W Name Affiliation and Participation Serena Chamberlain President, Peoples Advocacy for Trails Hawaii- Former County of Hawaii Deputy Managing Director Henry Cho Attended Kona Lions Club presentation*- Winston Chow First Hawaiian Bank Attended the Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* President and General Manager, Keauhou Resort Greg Chun North Kona Vice President, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation* Walter Chung Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Dennis Cintas Captain and owner of Intrepid sport fishing Attended Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Architect Terry Cisco Attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Alan Clark Past President, Rotary Club of Kona Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Tim Clark Director, Manta Pacific Research Foundation*- Board member, University of the Nations; member, Rotary Club of Kona Ken Clewett Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Bill Cliff President Elect, Rotary Club of Kona Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Queen Lili`uokalani Trust LeeAnn Crabbe Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Sabrina Crane Member Kealakehe High School Student Council Attended Kealakehe High School Student Council presentation*- Kathy Damon Member, Rotary Club of Kona Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Mendy Dant Owner, Fair Wind; member, Big Island Reef Fund and Kealakekua Bay Activity group• Puhi Dant Owner, Fair Wind - David Dart Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Neil Dart Member (alternate), West Hawaii Fisheries Council; attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Kyle Datta Managing Director, Rocky Mountain Institute• Maile David Staff to Hawaii County Councilperson Angel Pilago- Michael Davis Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Christie Dermengian President Elect, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce; attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation Roger Dills Member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee• Printy Dinsmore Architect, attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Ania Driscoll -Lind Director, Kula Naia Foundation; marine mammal scientist - Page 166 w rn A Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Fred Duerr President, Hawaiian International Billfish Association - Roger Duquette Captain, Autumn Marine Sportfishing- Board member, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce; attended Kona Robin Dotson Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation* Member Kealakehe High School Student Council; attended Kealakehe High Ivan Ebaniz School Student Council presentation* Isabel Eli Director, Manta Pacific Research Foundation*- Robbie Englehard Hawaii International Billfish Tournament Director - Cindy Evans State Representative, 7th District - Karen Eoff Staff to Hawaii County Councilperson Angel Pilago- Sean Fagan Operations Manager, Atlantis Submarines - Richard Farnham Member, Rotary Club of Kona; attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Joann Farnsworth Member, Kona CDP Steering Committee - Michael Federspiel Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Member, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission; attended Dale Fergerstrom Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation Billy Fields Cultural mason in Kona - Chuck Flaherty Member, Citizens for Equitable and Responsible Government - Member, Citizens for Equitable and Responsible Government, attended Member, Ford Destination Kona Coast presentation* Past President, Rotary Club of Kona Bev Fraser Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Alfreida Fujita Board member, Kona Coffee Cultural Festival; member, Holualoa Business Association - Planner, PBR Hawaii Marissa Furfaro Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Member Kealakehe High School Student Council Malia Fyffe Attended Kealakehe High School Student Council presentation Scott Fuller Captain and co-owner TARA II sport fishing - Gaffney President, Pacific Boats & Yachts; member, Small Boat Harbors and President, Boating Facilities Ad -Hoc Fact -Finding Committee - Salvador Galindo Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Sam Gaughen Commodore, Kona Sailing Club*- Guido Giacometti Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Member Kealakehe High School Student Council Kiah Gilbert Attended Kealakehe High School Student Council presentation - Gregory Gillette Commodore, Kona Sailing Club*- Joel Gimble Member, Kona Traffic Safety Committee - Commercial realtor; former long-time executive with the Kona Family Glennon Gingo YMCA; Chair. West Hawaii Fisheries Council Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation*• Rick Gmirkin Staff Archeologist, Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park - Page 167 R Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Mike Gomes Surety Kohala Corporation Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Don Goo Wimberly, Allison, Tong and Goo - Donna Goodale Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Les Goya Queen Emma Foundation .� Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Josh Green, M.D. State Representative, 6th District - James Greenwell Owner and General Manager, Lanihau Inc. and Palani Ranch - Kelly Greenwell Local business and community leader - Steve Halsey Commodore, Kona Sailing Club*- Rodney Haraga Director, State Department of Transportation Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation Isaac Harp President, Public Access Shoreline Hawaii; lineal descendant from family .. of the Honokohau iki ahupua`a Tammy Harp Kona environmental leader; cultural advocate - Roger Harris Roger Consultant Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Ikaika Hauanio Tui Tonga Attended Rotary Club ofMauka Kona presentation*- Lunakanawai Hauanio Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Mark Henshaw Member (alternate), West Hawaii Fisheries Council; attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Doug Herkes Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee; Administrator. West Hawaii Fisheries Council; board member, Kohala Marni Herkes Center Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation*: attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation*- Tommy Hickcox Retired police officer: member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee - Stacy Higa Chairperson Hawaii County Council - Nelson Ho Deputy Director. County of Hawaii Department of Environmental R Management - Pete Hoffmann Hawaii Count}' Councilperson- �. Member, Rotary Club of Kona Cheryl Holdcroft Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Former Honolulu City Council person ... Steve Holmes Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Environmental and Natural Resources Committee presentation* " R 0 Page 168 i r ' Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Captain and owner of Pamela sport fishing Peter Hoogs Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation*. Executive Director, Hawai `i Leeward Planning Conference Jacqui Hoover Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation*- ., Donald Ikeda Hawaii County Council person - Gwen Ilaban Kona environmental leader• Akinore Imai Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* r Hawaii County Councilperson Virginia Isbell Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation* Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission r presentation*- .. Neal Isaacs Captain and owner, Anxious Sportftshing- Chairman, Hawaii Community Federal Credit Union John Iwane Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Menta Izawa Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Take Izawa Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* a Bob Jacobson Hawaii County Council person - Kate Jacobson Member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee; board member, Innovations Charter School - Felicity Johnston Principal, Hualalai Academy- cademyFrank FrankJung Board member, Housing and Community Development Corporation of Hawaii- Dixie Kaetsu Hawaii County Managing Director - N. Community Policing Officer Reynold Kahalewai Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation* Maurice Kahawai Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Board member, Kaniohale Community Association at the Villages of La`i `Opus; member, Na Wai Puna O Kona Kupuna Group; attended Kaniohale ' Edith Kahoalii Community Association at the Villages of La`i `Opua Board of Directors presentation* Attended Na Wai Puna O Kona Kupuna Group presentation*- President, Kaniohale Community Association at the Villages of La`i `Opua; r Bo Kahui attended Kaniohale Community Association at the Villages of La`i `Opua Board of Directors presentation*- "� Rachele Kalili Member, Ka `Ohana o Na Kupuna o Kona*- Ulalia Ka`ai Berman Member, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission* Josephine Keliipio Member, Kona Traffic Safety Committee - John Kellam West Hawai'i Fisheries Council presentation* Sue Kellam West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Linda Jane Kelly Ironman Triathlon World Championship - James Kent and Associates James Kent Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Environmental and Natural Resources Committee presentation* +� Page 169 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Lei Kihoi Attorney, attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Harry Kim County of Hawaii Mayor - Alex Kinzler Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Greg Knapp Board member, Hawaii Island Paddlers Association - Board member, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Vicky Kometani Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation* Lily Kong Ka `Ohana o Ka Kupuna o Kona*. County of Hawaii Deputy Managing Director; attended West Hawaii Barbara Kossow Fisheries Council presentation* Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation*- Member, Rotary Club of Kona Renee Kraft Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Michael Kramer Owner, Natural Investment Services; founder, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Kuleana Green Business Program - Hawaiian cultural advocate Moana Kuma Attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Brad Kurokawa County of Hawaii Deputy Planning Director - Gary Lambert Co-owner, Gentry's Kona Manna; member, Small Boat Harbors and Boating Facilities Ad -Hoc Fact -Finding Committee - Executive Director, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Vivian Landrum Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation*- Keller Laros Director, Manta Pacific Research Foundation*. Wendy Laros Director, Manta Pacific Research Foundation*- Wally Lau Neighborhood Place of Kona - Member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee; board member, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Gretchen Lawson Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation*- Hawaiian cultural advocate Brenda Lee Attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Elizabeth Lee Kupuna, member of long-time Kona Hawaiian family- amilyReggie ReggieLee Member of long-time Kona Hawaiian family- amilyRobert RobertLee General Contractor, member of long-time Kona Hawaiian family Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Kawika Leicher Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Jeff Leicher Owner, Jack's Diving Locker - Owner, Jack's Diving Locker Teri Leicher and Attended Destination Kona Coast presentation*• Gene Leslie President, Kuakini Hawaiian Civic Club. former President Kaniohale Communitv Association Page 170 W Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Executive Director, Hawaii County Mayor's Office Andy Levin Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation Robert Liebasck Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Allan Liftee Crew, Autumn Marie Sportfishing- West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Laura Livnat Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation* Reporter, West Hawaii Today Carolyn Lucas Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation*. Executive Director, Office of Hawaiian Affairs; Chair, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission Ruby MacDonald Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation*- Lydia Mahi Member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee; Kona representative, Hawaii County Economic Opportunity Council - James Kent & Associates Trish Malone Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation* David Marquez Kealakehe 2020• Lisa Marrack Staff Scientist, Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park - Attorney in Kona; member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Mike Matsukawa Committee; board member, Kona Community Health Center - Nancy Matsukawa Principal, Kealakehe Elementary School - Hawaii State Teachers Association Norma Matsumoto Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Director, County of Hawaii Department of Public Works Bruce McClure Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation* Executive Director, Hawaii Island Economic Development Board; board member, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Mark McGuffic Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation*- Jan McLaughlin Director, Manta Pacific Research Foundation presentation - Mike Melear Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Land Manager, Kamehameha Schools Jeff Melrose Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Environmental and Natural Resources Committee* Planning Consultant and Project Manager Ken Melrose Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Insurance Hawaii Randy Millare Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Robbie Mist Attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Planning and Permitting Consultant Greg Mooers Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Page 171 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii J Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Bill Moore Kohala Ranch Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Rebecca Most Staff Scientist -Resource Manager, Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park - Wil Murakami Principal, Kealakehe High School - Member, Kona Traffic Safety Committee Harold Murata Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation*- Mauna Lani Resort Sachiko Murata Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Joyce Murphy Realtor - Nancy Murphy Hawaii Island District Manager, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation - Member, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission Joseph Nahale Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation* Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Mike Nakachi Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Miles Nakahara Wildlife Biologist, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife - Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Teresa Nakama Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Member, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission Cynthia Nazara Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission Presentation* Dickie Nelson Former Department of Hawaiian Homes Commissioner; former Governor's Liaison - Vicky Newman Director, Manta Pacific Research Foundation*- Allen Nobriga Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Mark Norman Supervisor of Operations, Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant, County of Hawaii - Greg Ogin Commercial realtmr President; Kona Family YMCA- 011ie 011inger Treasurer, Royal Order of Kamehameha- Co-chair, Kona Traffic Safety Committee Dan Olson Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation* Queen Lili`uokalani Trust Michelle Orian Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Kazumi Oshita Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Director, Kula Naia Foundation; member, Big Island Reef Fund and Jan Ostman-Lind Kealakekua Bay Activity group; marine mammal scientist Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation*- Member (alternate), West Hawaii Fisheries Council; Tina Owens co-founder, Lost Fish Coalition Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* - Page 172 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Member Kealakehe High School Student Council w Jordan Ozaki Attended Kealakehe High School Student Council presentation* - Rob Pacheco President, Hawaii Forest & Trail• Lineal descendant from family of the Honokohau ahupua`a; cultural y Mahealani Pai consultant- West Hawaii Fisheries Council George Paleudis George Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Sharon Paoa Retailer; attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Weejay Paris Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Inductee, International Game Fish Association (IGFA) Hall of Fame; noted atl George Parker long-time Kona sport fishing captain - Long-time Kona sport fishing industry leader and Kona sport fishing Long -time Parker tournament communication director - do Jillyn Parker Co-owner, Paradise Gourmet Catering - Marlin Parker Captain, Marlin Magic II - Sea Grant Extension Agent, West Hawaii; Ex -Officio, Sara Peck West Hawaii Fisheries Council Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation*- Member, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission Nainoa Perry Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation* do Board member, People Attentive to Trails Hawaii (PATH); employed by Ann Peterson the Kona Historical Society - Angel Pilago Hawaii County Councilperson- .. County consultant; local coordinator, Kona Community Development Plan; Nancy Pisicchio member, Kona Farm Bureau; member, Plan to Protect - Board member, Kaniohale Community Association at the Villages of La`i Stephanie Place `Opua; attended Kaniohale Community Association at the Villages of La`i T `Opua Board of Directors presentation* Shelby Pudwell Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* r Cultural committee member, Kukio Resort; youth related cultural and natural resource activities coordinator, Kealakehe High School Cindi Punihaole Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission meeting r *, Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Doug Robbins Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation Member, Na Wai Puna O Kona Kupuna Group .. Naomi Radtke Attended Na Wai Puna O Kona Kupuna Group presentation* President, Island Land Co.; member, Kona Community Development Plan Ed Rapoza Steering Committee - Trustee, Parker Ranch; attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference John Ray presentation Nadja Ray Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* tr + Page 173 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation David Reese -Thomas Member, Rotary Club of Kona; attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Chief of Interpretation, National Park Service Theresa Reveira Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation* Monty Richards Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Dana Riddle Operator, Kealakehe Waste Water Treatment Plant, County of Hawaii- Tim Robertson Owner, Melton Tackle - Member, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission Mikahala Roy Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission o presentation; and attended Destination Kona Coast Presentation* Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation, Verna Roy and attended Destination Kona Coast presentation* Gary Safarik Hawaii County Council person - Administrative Director, Kohala Coast Resort Association; board member, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Sharon Sakai Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation*- Norman Sakata President, Kona Coffee Cultural Festival; attended Lions Club of Kona Presentation* Waimea Water Services John Santangelo Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Dale Sarver Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Kona businessman Donald Sasaki Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Member, Rotary Club of Kona Laura Sciacqua Guluzzy Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Co-chair, Kona Traffic Safety Committee Ow Barbara Scott Attended Kona Traffic Safety Committee presentation*- Danny Scott USCG Captain, Jack's Diving Locker - Rob Shallenberger The Nature Conservancy; member West Hawaii Fisheries Council; Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation ■It Janna Shackeroff West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* .. Board member, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Karin Shaw Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation* .. Sonny Shimaoka Member, Concerned Citizens for Kona - Kirk Shorte Marketing Director, Jack's Diving Locker - Principal, Kona Blue Water Neil Sims Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Andy Smith Governor's West Hawaii Liaison - Riley Smith Parker Ranch; attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Environmental and Natural Resources Committee presentation �+ rr Page 174 w ab Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Bawai`i Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Mike Souther Commodore, Kona Sailing Club*- Department of Education Complex Area Superintendent, West Hawaii Art Souza Complex Area Schools - Former County of Hawaii Planning Commissioner; cultural committee Hannah Springer Tomich member for Hui Lauhma O Kekaha Kai Board, Hualalai Resort, Kukio and Kohanaiki Advisory Group - General Manager -Kona, Atlantis Submarine; member, Small Boat Harbors and Boating Facilities Ad -Hoc Fact -Finding Committee Mike Stanton Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation*- Member, Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission JoAnne Kahanamoku Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission Sterling presentation M. Carolyn Stewart President, NWama Kai Foundation - Bobby Stivers Executive Director, Kona Family YMCA - Hawaii Forest and Trails Jessica Stone Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Environmental and Natural Resources Committee presentation* Member, Kealakehe High School Student Council Ally Thompson Attended Kealakehe High School Student Council presentation - Stanley Tokunaga Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Environmental and Natural Jeff Turner Resources Committee presentation* Resources Former Kona County Council person; member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Curtis Tyler Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation*- Glen Uchimura Contractor, Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Edwin Ueda Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Biologist and Wildlife Consultant for U.S.D.A. Natural Resources Conservation Service Kim Uehara Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation*- Administrative Officer, National Park Service Administrative Officer; Linda Underwood attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation* Member, Rotan- Club of Kona Scott Unger Attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation Member. Kaniohale Community Association at the Villages of La`i `Opua; Larrio Ursua Attended Na Wai Puna O Kona Kupuna Group presentation David Vaughn Friends of Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority - Sue Vermillion Producer and Event Director, G350 Productions - Page 175 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Name Affiliation and Participation Member, Governor's Advisory Commission; board member, Kona Kohala Rick Vidgen Chamber of Commerce Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation*- President, Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Eric von Platen Luder Attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation*- Biologist and Wildlife Consultant, also works at Cyanotech Corporation Scott Waddington Attended Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau Advisory Commission presentation*- Jill Wagner Member, TREE; attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Environmental and Natural Resources Committee presentation* - George Wallace Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Marilyn Wallace Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Aquatic Biologist, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Bill Walsh Aquatic Resources; Ex -Officio, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation*- Brian Wargo Owner, Bite Me Sportfishing- Captain and co-owner of Sunseeker and Manu Iwa Paul Warren Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation*- Ben Watai Founding member, Kcalakehe Homeowners Association - Elaine Watai Founding member Kealakehe Homeowners Association; member, Governor's West Hawaii Advisory Council - Wayne Watanabe Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Executive Vice President, Hawaii Community Federal Credit Rodney Watanabe Union; County Planning Commission member representing Kona - Gretchen Watson Kabei Secretary, Rotary Club of Kona; attended Rotary Club of Kona presentation* Mariska Weijerman Staff Scientist, Kaloko Honokohau National Historical Park - Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Andrew West Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* John Michael White Attended Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference presentation* Phyllis White Attended Lions Club of Kona presentation* Tom Whittemore Former Parker Ranch trustee; former board member. Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority• Noehmi Whittington Staff to Hawaii County Councilperson Virginia Isbell - Anne Irene Wilcox Member, Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee; former president, Kona Outdoor Circle - George Wilkins Retired professor, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics - Marian Wilkins League of Women Voters - Ron Williams CEO, Atlantis Submarines - Member, West Hawaii Fisheries Council Vern Yamanaka Attended West Hawaii Fisheries Council presentation* Page 176 W r Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Public Participation in Planning for Kona Kai Ola Page 177 Name Affiliation and Participation Chris Yuen Planning Director, County of Hawaii - Owner, Captain Zodiac; board member, Kona Kohala Chamber of Linda Zabolski Commerce; attended Kona Kohala Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors presentation* Table 3: Presentations to Community Organizations •" Organization Participation .. Destination Kona Coast* Approximately 70 people present r Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference* Approximately 50 people present Ka `Ohana o Na Kupuna o Kona*• 3 members present Kaniohale Community Association at the 7 members present Villages of La`i `Opua Board of Directors*- Kealakehe High School Student Council*- 7 Members present Kona-Kohala Chamber of Commerce 13 members present Board of Directors* Kona-Kohala Chamber of Commerce 13 members present Environmental and Natural Resources Committee* Kona Sailing Club* • 4 members present (the current commodore, and three former commodores) Kona Traffic Safety Committee* Approximately 25 people present Lions Club of Kona* Approximately 30 members present Manta Pacific Research Foundation 5 directors present Board of Directors*- �' Na Hoapili o Kaloko Honokohau 9 commissioners, at least three NPS staff, and rr Advisory Commission* approximately 35 other people present Na Wai Puna O Kona KGpuna Group* More than 20 members present Rotary Club of Kona* Approximately 45 Rotary members, guests and visiting Rotarians present West Hawaii Fisheries Council* 17 Members present Approximately 23 Guests present Page 177 w Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Ilawai`i This page is intentionally blank. r� M tai In am n 0 va Op a w W P W a r W 0 rr r Page 178 .r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Supporting Documentation 12 Supporting Documentation 12.1 Contributing Consultants ., Table 4 lists preparers of information presented in this DEIS. Table 4: Contributing Consultants Cooling Water Intake Analysis Oceanit Studies Preparers Master Planning PBR Hawaii Marina Design Moffatt and Nichol Water Feature Design EDSA Cloward Environmental Planning and Marine and Coastal Solutions Community Outreach International, Inc. Economic Study The Hallstrom Group, Inc. Groundwater Impact Analysis Waimea Water Services Inc. Zone of Mixing Oceanit rr Wave Attenuation Studv Oceanit Page 179 a Cooling Water Intake Analysis Oceanit Underwater Noise Impacts Oceanit Water Quality Testing AECOS Labs of Hawaii, LLC Water Quality Baseline Survey Oceanic Institute Marine Biological Baseline Surveys Oceanic Institute M Cultural Impact Assessment (2006) Taupouri Tangaro, Ph.D. Cultural Impact Assessment (200 1) Pualani Kanaka'ole Kanahele Archaeological Inventory Surveys Haun and Associates +� Traffic and Transportation Analysis Parsons Brinckerhoff Geotechnical Analysis Mactec Geotechnical Air Quality Survey B.D. Neal and Associates Noise Impact Study D.L. Adams Associates, Ltd. Fauna Survey Rana Productions Ltd. Flora Survey Environmental Consultant +� Social Impact Analysis John M. Knox and Associates •� 12.2 List of Consultation Agencies as Part of the DEIS Process County of Hawaii Department of Environmental Management — Wastewater Division r Page 179 a Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Department of Parks and Recreation Hawaii County Mass Transit Agency Civil Defense Department of Public Works Department of Research and Development Fire Department Planning Department Police Department Department of Water Supply Office of Housing and Community Development State of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Supporting Documentation Department of Accounting and General Services Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, State Office of Planning Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, State Energy Office Department of Defense Department of Land and Natural Resources, Commission on Water Resource Management Department of Land and Natural Resources, Land Division Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Conservation and Resources Enforcement Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources Department of Land and Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Division Department of Land and Natural Resources, Na Ala Hele Trails and Access Program Department of Land and Natural Resources, Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands Department of Health, Clean Water Branch Department of Health, Safe Drinking Water Branch Department of Health, Clean Air Branch Department of Health, Noise Radiation and Indoor Air Quality Branch Department of Hawaiian Home Lands Office of Hawaiian Affairs Office of Environmental Quality Control Department of Transportation, Highways Division Department of Transportation, Harbors Division Department of Transportation, Airports Division Federal Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service Army Corps of Engineers, Pacific Ocean Division Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior, National Park Service Federal Aviation Administration Department of Homeland Security, Coast Guard Division National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration — National Marine Sanctuaries Page 180 Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawaii Supporting Documentation 12.3 Comment Letters and Responses as Part of the Public Notice of the EISPN An Enviromnental Impact Statement Preparation Notice (EISPN) was published on July 8, 2006, and comment letters from agencies and citizens were received in the months of July and August of 2006. Responses to the comment letters were mailed in the week of October 20, 2006. A copy of the comment letters and corresponding response letters are included in Appendix A. Table 5 contains information on comments received in response to the EISPN. r Table 5: Information on Comment Letters on EISPN Agency/Party Date Comments Response/Action and Date Sent Received Response mailed 8/2/06 - All OEQC 8/2/06 requested changes to be made to DEIS Response mailed 7/25/06 - All Department of Hawaiian Home 7/24/06 requested changes to be made to Lands DEIS Sierra Club, Hawaii County 8/7/06 Response mailed 10/20/06 Marie Aguilar and Philip Mosher 8/8/06 Response mailed 10/20/06 s Scott Gorrell 8/8/06 Response mailed 10/20/06 National Park Service 8/18/06 Response mailed 10/20/06 W Page 181 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement This page is intentionally blank. Page 182 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Island of Hawai'i Bibliography and References Bibliography and References Balazs, G.H., Chaloupka, M. Thirty-year recovery trend in the once depleted Hawaiian green sea turtle stock. Boil conserve 117:491-498 (2004). .. Banner, A. H. Ciguatera: A disease from coral reef fish. Pp 177-213. In Jones, O. A. & Endean, R. (eds) `Biology and geology of coral reefs 3' (Academic Press: London) 1976. ,., Bauer, G.R. (Bauer, G. R., 2003). A study of the ground -water conditions in North and South Kona and South Kohala Districts Island of Hawai `i, 1991-2002: Commission on Water Resource Management Report, PR -2003-01, State of Hmvai "i, 94 p. Prepared for the State of Hawaii. r 2003. Calambokidis, J., G.H. Steiger, J.M. Straley, T.J. Quinn II, L.M. Herman, S. Cerchio, D.R. Salden, M. Yamaguchi, F. Sato, J. Urban, J. Jacobsen, O. von Ziegesar, K.C. Balcomb, C.M Gabriele, M.E. Dahlheim, N. Higashi, S. 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North Kona Improvement District Project. 2006. Hallstrom, James E., Jr., et al. Market St uiv, Economic Impact Analysis and Public Costs/Benefits Assessment of the Proposed KONA KAI OLA COMMUNITY, Kealakehz, North .,. Kona, Hatvai "i. The Hallstrom Group, Inc. October 2006. Hawaii Health Systems Corporation (HHSC, April 2006). Information Paper for the 2005-2006 Legislature, HHSC Healthcare Services, April 2006. Hawaiian Independence (PASH 1995). Website. Public Access Shoreline Hawai "i v. Hawai "i County Planning Commission. Certiorari to the Intermediate Court of Appeals. (CIV. NO. 90- 293K). http://www.ha\Naii-iiatioii.oi-,-Y/pash.html. Accessed October 2006. rW Page 183 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii pp Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Bibliography and References W Hawaii Island Community Development Portal (NKona). Kona Urban Growth Boundary Map. http://wwvv.hawaiiislandplan.com/northkona.asp. Prepared for the County of Hawaii Planning Department. 2006. Holing, Dwight (Holing, Dwight 1994). "The Sound and The Fury: Debate Gets Louder Over Ocean Noise Pollution and Marine Mammals. " The Amicus Journal. 16(3):19-25. 1994. Johnson, J.H., A.A. Wolman. (Johnson et al 1984) The humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae. Marine Fisheries Review, 46: 30-37. 1984 Kanahele, Pualani Kanaka'ole (Kanahele 2001). Cultural Impact Assessment. Kealakehe Commercial/Industrial Park North Kona Island of Hawai `i. Prepared for the State of Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Homelands. 2001. Kaneshiro, B., and Peterson, F., University of Hawaii (Kaneshiro, B. and F. Peterson, 1977). Groundwater recharge and coastal discharge for the northwest coast of the Island of Hawai `i: A computerised water budget approach: Water Resources Research Center, Technical Report No. 110, p. 83. 1977. Kauahikaua, J., Trusdell, F.A., and Heliker, C. (Kauahikaua, J., Trusdell, F. A., and C. Heliker, 1998). The probability of lava inundation at the proposed and existing Kulani prison site. Prepared for U. S. Geological Survey Open -File Report 98-794, p. 21. 1998. Kona Hospital Foundation. Vital Signs, Kona Community Hospital News January — February 2006. Lammers, M., A.A. Pack, L. Davis. 2003. Historical Evidence of Whale/Vessel Collisions in Hawaiian Waters (1975 — Present). Prepared for the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce. OSI Technical Report 2003-01. 25 pp. August 19, 2003. Langenheim, V.A.M., and Clague, D.A. (Langenheim, V.A.M. and D.A. Clague, 1987). The Hawaiian -Emperor Volcanic chain Part II. Stratigraphic framework of volcanic rocks of the Hawaiian Islands. United States Geological Survey Prof. Paper 1350, pp. 55-84. 1987. Lockwood, J.P., and Garcia, M.O. (Lockwood, J. P., and M. O. Garcia, 2004). Volcanic Hazards at the HELCO Keahole Generating Station, North Kona, Hawai `i: Final Report. Prepared for Belt Collins Hawaii, Ltd. 2004. Mobley, J., S. Spitz, R. Grotefendt. 2001. Abundance of Humpback Whales in Hawaiian Waters: Results of 1993-2000 Aerial Surveys, prepared for the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce. 17 pp. September 2001. Moore, J. G., Normark, W., and Gutmacher, C. (Moore, J. G., Normark, W., and C. Gutmacher, 1992). Major landslides on the submarine flanks of Mauna Loa, Hawai `i. Landslide News, no. 6, pp. 13-16.1992. Page 184 Kealakehe. North Kona District Island of Hawaii Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Bibliography and References »� Moore, R.B. and Clague, D.A. (Moore, R.B. and D.A. Clague, 1991). Geologic Map of Hualdlai Volcano, Hawai `i. U. S. Geological Survey, Misc. Investigation Series Map I-2213, 1:50,000 scale. 1991. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA 2006). Website.• Excessive Rainfall f •om the Remnants of Darby August 3-4, 2004. .. http://www.prh.noaa.gov/lml/pages/events/darbyrains; and http://www.prh.noaa.gov/luil/12a,;es/zone.php?zone=PHZ123. Prepared for the National Weather Service Forecast Office. 2006. Norris, Tom F. (Norris, Tom F. 1994). "The Effects of Boat Noise on the Acoustic Behavior of Humpback Whales. " Proceedings of the Acoustic Society of America. (128th Meeting). 96(5):3251.1994. �. North Carolina Cooperative Extension (EJ 2002). Website: Selected Definitions Associated with Environmental Justice -Public Issues Education http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ap,econ/PIE/enviust2.html. Accessed December 2002. Oki, D.S. (Oki, D.S., 1999). Geohydrology and numerical simulation of the ground -water flow system of Kona, Island ofHawai `i. Prepared for the U. S. Geological Survey, Water -Resources Investigation Report 99-4073, p. 70. 1999. r Oki, D.S., Tribble, G.W., Souza, W.R., and Bolke, E.L. (Oki., D. S., Tribble, G. W., Souza, W. R., and E. L. Bolke, 1999). Ground -Nater resources in Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical + Park, Island of Hawai `i, and numerical simulation of the effects of ground -water withdrawals. Prepared for the U. S. Geological Survey Water -Resources Investigation Report 99-4070, p. 49. 1999. +� Pacific Disaster Center (PDC 2006). Website. Pacific Disaster Center. _ http://www.pdc.org/iweb/hazard info.jsp. Accessed May 2006. PBR (DHHL 2002). Hmvai `i Island Plan. Prepared for the State of Hawaii Department of Hawaiian Home Lands. May 2002. Radle, Autumn Lyn (Radle, Autumn Lyn, 2004). The Effect of Noise on Wildlife: A Literature Review World Forum for Acoustic Hydrology. .. http://interact.uoregon.edu/MediaLit/WFAE/readings/radle.html#7.2004. Randall, J. E. A review of ciguatera tropical fish poisoning with a tentative explanation of its cause. Bulletin of Marine Sciences of the Gulf and Carribean 8: 236-267. 1958. Raymond Bagnis. Natural versus anthropogenic disturbances to coral reefs: Comparison in + epidemiological patterns of ciguatera. 1994. r Rice, D.W. 1978. The humpback whale in the North Pacific: Distribution, exploration and numbers. Pp. 29-44. In: K.S. Norris and R.S. Reeves (Eds.) Report on a workshop on problems related to humpback whales, (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Hawaii. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, rr NTIS PB -280 794. 1978. + + Page 185 r Kealakehe, North Kona District Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement w Island of Hawaii Bibliography and References on Samuel, Y., Morreale S.J., Clarke, C.W., Greene C.H., and Richmond, M.E. (Samuel Y., Morreale S.J., Clark C.W., Greene C.H., Richmond M.E. 2005). Underwater, low frequency noise in a coastal sea turtle habitat. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117:1465- " 1472.2005. State of Hawaii Environmental Council (CI 1997). Guidelines for Assessing Cultural Impacts. Adopted November 19, 1997. .. State of Hawaii Department of Health Clean Air Branch (DOH 2005). Annual Summary: Hawai'i Air Quality Data. 2005. .� State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Commission on Water Resource Management (CWRM 1990). Water Resources Protection Plan. June 1990. State of Hawaii Land Use Commission (Forum 2002). Forum and Information Fair County of Hawaii/State Land Use Commission - Staff Summary. 2002. Stearns, H.T., and MacDonald, G.A. (Stearns H. T. and G. A. MacDonald, 1946). Geology and ground -water resources of the island ofHmvai'i. Hawaii Division of Hydrography, Bulletin 9, p. 363. 1946. United States Department of the Interior (GMP 1994). General Management Plan- Environmental Impact Statement Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. 1994. United States General Services Administration (GSA 2006). Sustainable Design Program. http://www.gYsa.gov/Poral e a/epl. Accessed October 2006. U.S. Green Building Council (LEED 2006). Website: U.S. Green Building Council. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. http://www.usgbc.org/ Accessed September 2006. .v Waimea Water Services (Waimea Water Services, 1996). Kealakehe WWTP Effluent Reuse and Management Project: Final Progress Report on Effluent Discharge, Reuse, and Quality. Prepared for the County of Hawai'i, 107 p. + Appendices. March 1996. " West Hawaii Coastal Monitoring Task Force (WHCMTF 1992). West Hawaii Coastal Monitoring Program: Monitoring Protocol Guidelines, 1992. Wolfe, E.W., and Morris, J. (Wolfe, E.W. and J. Morris, 1996). Geologic Map of the Island of Hawaii. Prepared for U.S. Geological Survey, Misc. Investigation Series Map 1-2524-A, r 1:100,000 scale. 1996. Wright, T. L., Chun, J. Y. F., Esposo, J., Heliker, C., Hodge, J., Lockwood, J. P., and Vogt, S. M. �. (Wright, T. L., Chun, J. Y. F., Esposo, J., Heliker, C., Hodge, J., Lockwood, J. P. and S. M. Vogt, 1992). Map Showing Lava -Flow Ha_ard Zones, Island ofHmvai'i. Prepared for U.S. Geological Survey Misc. Field Studies Map, Map MF -2193, 1:250,000 scale. 1992. x� Page 186 w 0 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii ... In AAQS: An Air Quality Study Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement List of Abbreviations List of Abbreviations " ALISH: State Department of Agriculture, rr Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii BA: Basal Aquifer .. BLNR: State Board of Land and Natural 0 Resources BMP: Best Management Practices CDP: Kona Community Development Plan CDUP: Conservation District Use Permit CEQ: Center for Environmental Quality CIA: Cultural Impact Assessment CPUE: Catch Per Unit Effort CZM: Coastal Zone Management Program dBA: Decibels DBEDT: State Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism DEIS: Draft Environmental Impact Statement DEM: Hawaii County Department of Environmental Management DHHL: State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands DLNR: State Department of Land and Natural Resources DOBOR: DLNR Division of Boating and Ocean Recreation DOH: State Department of Health DOT: Department of Transportation DP: Development Plan DPW: Hawaii County Department of Public Works DWS: Hawaii County Department of Water Supply EA: Environmental Assessment EJ: Environmental Justice EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EIS: Environmental Impact Statement EISPN: Environmental Impact Statement Preparation Notice FEIS: Final Environmental Impact Statement FHWA: U.S. Federal Highway Administration gpm: gallons per minute gpd: gallons per day HAR: Hawaii Administrative Rules HCGP: Hawaii County General Plan HCM: 2000 Highway Capacity Manual HHFDC: Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation HIBC: Hawaii Island Burial Council HRS: Hawaii Revised Statutes HELLO: Hawaii Electric Company HDOT: State Department of Transportation Page 187 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii JDI: Jacoby Development, Inc. and Kona Marina Development Group, LLC, an affiliate of Jacoby Development, Inc. Kw: Kilowatts Ldn: Day - Night Average Sound Level, diurnal noise levels LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LeQ: Equivalent Sound Level LOS: Levels of Service (traffic) LUC: State Land Use Commission (LUC) LUPAG: Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide mauka: inland makai: ocean MGD/mgd: Million Gallons per Day msl: mean sea level (ft.) Mw: Megawatts NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standards NELHA: Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority NHP: Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park NMFS: National Marine Fisheries Service NPDES: National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NPS: National Park Service Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement List of Abbreviations 03: Ozone OCCL: DLNR's Office of Conservation and Coastal Lands OEQC: Office of Environmental Quality Control ppt: parts per thousand QLT: Queen Lili`uokalani Trust rLw: Pahoehoe lava rLv: A`a lava ROW: right-of-way SAMBT: Simulation and Animation Model of Boat Traffic SAP: Special Area Plan SHPD: DLNR State Historic Preservation Division SIA: Social Impact Assessment SMA: Special Management Area SWAC: Seawater Air Conditioning UBC: Uniform Building Code UIC: Underground Injection Well USGS: U.S. Geological Survey Vog: Volcanic Haze WWS: Waimea Water Services W WTP: Wastewater Treatment Plant Page 188 Kealakehe, North Kona District Island of Hawaii att w1Y w W W .w s Kona Kai Ola Draft Environmental Impact Statement Appendices Appendices Page 189 7\ Appendix A ■ Comment Letters and Responses as Part of the Public Notice of the EISPN C 4w 3 T g Ad a o w ey - � a IN $ yypp 3 ° g a • z Z.o a N i o o N n 6� r � -• 5 a1 � a S � S A ' _______________________________________ ____________________________________________ r w� C f � N • m.� Fy S �'3 ' a o v�o ° aq82 -.500 `o on goo 30� iB8* � a5Eo � 8 •aCb E :g�E � g 1 0 ., a 4 � $y 9 gsg AlaA �g5 w.5 $ 39 a TWA '.d`- 3� .5g '• 3 o f C m $ ys 5'z 55° n5`o 7 v �m _y � S o Le m 3 w ow c W) 0 A W.2 Ll M 0 M.Q 2 w ®{ 42 .,0 W's z Cc A. o E 0. /7G-®!0 —x -a c L 15 1' . ,15--1-- o E z E 0 O.g MFU I J. - COS— —60 E w J� -,i "7 Z!U 16 :f Eo gE M, c 0 o 0 -6 7jj M z m 0 F 0 0 ..2 M < <Nx 2 b w v>. q a Y H +a+ vop >•a ro o Y;y O Y V bHO U d tl p A m -ti yN fi gWpY X a tl +°+y time cAF yy tl�tl UUM � Y P a d N° O WH C �y A�,A� Px Pp y4r u H m to r-Im E 0 N Ar N q' C W 0 x W Y N Ya LCv b�M H %d V KV = w p C g d W a m w b p N d � q tl tl A d yql O a � Y In A1w 1qqaa ° �N N •� p a w A a 88 Ym ti h� tl Y T ° O d y N p pp � p g C5 H Y U iy gggmg65 4 O U V'O w p A H d U m m obxN m°;.nE Cm Pi U C °x m°l Smm u> m' o A� p a �w m q@5 r�i]r�a V O0 �.�1 'C YypM mpG a c O o pyE d .a 'U O m mC NM N a' 0 O .r m HE 9CC Y V Y 6u�J NNK c >.H Eo w�4Y Cq �w°qop a a"w°°e EN A A p dw T�° w 3 °vim mNN Has h h V m V £rya H E J. n b w 9 C° O- °ua°uM vo 'R 7 q °i x m C m ° D O tl N H p a y m y V q „� HYamY b.pnP3P K w p H C 3 Y a e M M C Cm M° o K Y 5° a bm IY�p0 n a°K mOA �¢A- ° 'GCE A a S a y g a m P u a� m q `ptl M 3 �a a.ax OOU AF TO uF'm��u gNglo3 e� C � a Y Q R C Y N M x 0 W W O P G W a Mil. 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Em E Um Q3Fpw� o'tl .� a9 8'Upo��� 3 539 y�,a a38� ppV ¢ yy E ,p 7 0. °� �'A 6.Q •O 3AAA AA MP w i Vi Appendix B Market Study, Economic Impact Analysis, and Public Costs/Benefits Assessment By The Hallstrom Group, Inc. r Vr r r M OWN r r r o4 3c o ear �Xgdm 9^2. p eq'E+3s am cO ell' sm ,ate 919a E �?;j35 .0 zx is I -C �Eghm a wo�Ho p9'c 5 p T 9> 4 21 €= .114° OVE NH .$ .221 -SM u i 9Vo y amfi=u_°a 'EoRE O�� a C 58 m moo'9'F.B '93�°0ab+O 3oi' �._m =eEyHail Tg _ e'_ fi k o o o m � 0430 o eu Q5fi �.a_ ,e 35 u� y ym d a._u_mx�Sa� <—Illi9 l '@05 tk„ 'm u yTal y�vam mue+ am"X 9 a�0 iti u 55pvd Ooxy $.2 gm m u }5� by N IIH r� 0 fa6gS o4 3c o ear �Xgdm 9^2. p eq'E+3s am cO ell' sm ,ate 919a E �?;j35 .0 zx is I -C �Eghm a wo�Ho p9'c 5 p T 9> 4 21 €= .114° OVE NH .$ .221 -SM u i 9Vo y amfi=u_°a 'EoRE O�� a C 58 m moo'9'F.B '93�°0ab+O 3oi' �._m =eEyHail Tg _ e'_ fi k o o o m � 0430 o eu Q5fi �.a_ ,e 35 u� y ym d a._u_mx�Sa� <—Illi9 l '@05 tk„ t �5 I a m p ° V" O G O� U C 81',�O[ V .� M> 4" `J O G O 0 9p N M 32 +J' 7 Q C N T a O N 3C V O Q 0 3 Z 0 O i' c mN o— d + V'G� V—.1CB � C O q a� a yRi S H, Y� o'S y� "�'v E oi'c°`o.SEOYu �g gY3�a.. yc-.�ram a pAO, yiU R'g^C :g9Or4.y •� S; V-P'.'w sa c.S °��+C'° 3'S s'qGy ra 8e%1co p- 1as" o s�ea.s�� gad 9�— C�ge'C`YC 0> as $. 9 C'Ni X $� eC'38 =�Y' v� yYys8 YCS— E�aS_ ga�eEN� ,YgYYY$g a +,a a.o Y ea o� E X is u 5e 3° c n T+ At �Y y e Y w >;-S9 X5 duo gj.g�.' le.. .°' ��E'q y.Ti �..S 15p g0: m �e o i g SC o2 Egmavy.5�90 l -g= yY S ge `3O 83 gEg G� �' .,u , �•'J mq R igW Fq' . p O o e O @. ^ d] R t l I T o G g 2.� g .a'o '05 5 '=8'2�m6swEQg�EosO�is �i38 qR �C q i° 4 3344 o f—a R $ �'a E LTi M- yS eC° .y5 5E u R9e 4 YF"GI"4ime-5C - LFV Yyi V �'J L$ O --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rl d,°o_$ .1E3qGEV'Egg E gE�@m�i'Pygg3 dg5c4cp 3STaCg°E$ qqya .=o °`gY '�$�Yy"r�=oS $ yc Eg Ag '-E>Lyy Y°o;g mE R`a� �y,Y°e �E cqp� = Is IT a& E'�$ mo° &E t.a-m � .e a'a.� s 83 8 yyy = s e a l 3au 4A Ery°., o� °"81 $e GquaY �Ec4 gE r =$I vE�`° 1 oE°>q E >3la2 mg °v8 0 Sry°. 3,'S_a aagg Y � �Q${ a IB IS E2S !? ° +� p94 Eg uTis Cyu q=Sp E� qo ee�-�JJa $'$4 5J m q3°{� e€19� m¢a+.Y� p�q9 ©Og pi9� �04°i Vi'aCC.V�, mq 6L0'$�� V�99 'V, .tea SOa8 .RPd''� FCE ¢$1� iSe.mc oe$e sMda X8g2gY�%gss Y�'-a, 1p g° 0 �'• C O U"' T o�imm T$ SEE=K�S�QE�yyNg m N 'Q UGp Z � O N v E i u.g N c ° V E ffiN "s'�e ga 0 �'• C O U"' T o�imm T$ SEE=K�S�QE�yyNg m N 'Q Z v E i u.g � c E ffiN "s'�e ga § O�N�2JV'u��E� aE 'Jr'o 2 C p Sp� ii lj°p O,s°3J Ull CE Oi$ E_ x = -gt_i�—� dC xo m n Ice = 118sona 'am U E.E o„ �G.� T tl S E�$yX 5a 9N`N S U C m Sm�S L�L—y C9 .y D1 'E1 _ cc g OR s mR= xgxo L $V S. 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VYI Ede @: K��C� rljk • : � = � t rvo R ■11 ZE g� 8 ua'NOE ER'ry oom 3' So �gg39�3 yE� L e 8 __------------------------------------ --------------------------------- AW ME $= YIL pw. fiM y'$E.BE 5y848e'J' m °.yu 3OO9m 9°� g`E E m W O B m Y '�3 • 6 C O C G U y C ` .T+ ERR .x °c;0 5 vk ��m 862. yCS m'S�r.REo a 'a 5� maE o9 $ C �c �'m Rt�eeC�`neII 8._�aB Ey a-.� WmmE �om it Pu a $ a ._ T19 CIa ii l-4 9 3 p3?LLy° q` OQ 'S� F t C) F .10(. u u W C w q5 O •p •V u W e y Wa C y" W E a 3 �W > � E G U a _ x Y ♦ ♦ $25 S25$25252525 d a 8 8 8 8 a0 F U GW. p [moi C u w E = 'E Q y y 888882525258 E G �O e e CT C; o'oo o"o' y� E j, W � � •o 'S' W a E d e e d •e Y ♦ Y m � a :a �. e T d G � v°i y e a u c 3'C y a � yy o E N r Y 9 > O 9 � .0 Y Y ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ • x y y � d � E a az es�d p .O J U y W 0 8p '� o� h h� h� h h h h v ¢wx E ;.�Ebw g � e y H 'a c TABLE B SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC IMPACT AND PUBLIC COSTS/Bl Market Study of the Proposed Kona Kai Ola Community Kealakehe, North Kona, Hawaii ti (1) 18.6 % of this tax goes to Hawaii County, 55.2% to the State, and the remainder is spread to the other counties. +� (2) "Actual" operating costs to the County and State would be much less than per capita allowances. na Source: The Hallstrom Group, Inc. as During 18 -Year Build-Out/Absorption Stabilized Annually 1. Major Economic Impacts Period Thereafter r Direct Capital Investment $2,198,106,699 N/A Local Contractor's Profits $219,810,670 N/A .. Local Supplier's Profits $84,380,521 N/A _ Worker Years of Jobs 67,848 5,108 Employee Wages $2,264,447,245 $151,272,846 De Facto Guest/Interval Owner Population N/A 5,321 School -Age Children N/A 0 Guest/Owners Expenditures (On & Off Site) $2,871,636,588 $311,206,300 Total Operating Gross Receipts $5,124,401,972 $557,643,500 Non -Guest On -Site Gross Sales $3,565,683,671 $396,354,735 Total Big Island "Base" Economic Impact $10,191,601,024 $858,833,881 Total Overall Statewide Economic Impact $20,383,202,047 $1,717,667,761 2. Major Public Cosw7lenefits W County of Hawaii Real Property Taxes $233,567,659 $19,760,792 State of Hawaii Income Tax $146,707,696 $8,773,825 State of Hawaii Gross Excise Tax $446,880,495 $31,997,803 State/County Transient Accommodations Tax (1) $122,004,695 $12,983,826 Total Primary Tax Receipts $949,160,545 $73,516,246 w County of Hawaii Per Capita Costs (2) $68,865,804 $7,677,626 State of Hawaii Per Capita Costs (2) $327,434,707 $36,504,637 Total State and County Costs $396,300,511 $44,182,263 r County Net Public Benefits (or Loss) $187,394,728 $14,498,158 State Net Public Benefits (or Loss) $333,500,076 $11,434,064 Total State and County Net Benefits (Loss) $520,894,804 $25,932,222 ti (1) 18.6 % of this tax goes to Hawaii County, 55.2% to the State, and the remainder is spread to the other counties. +� (2) "Actual" operating costs to the County and State would be much less than per capita allowances. na Source: The Hallstrom Group, Inc. as m T < e 3 'RO�ow9Ei �M' eEc i�oo EVE I omGm Q+ a ��a ;9 �sgg 9° mPr5a if °s -Si ave °. 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V T r N V G V 0.1 r V W O V1 V> C V1 N+ m N :9 N .D Yf T b Vf b W r O V3 Vl Vi m Yi h Vf M 49 V W W Vi N Vi Vf to Q N (A W V3 K K K W K fA r K r W r (A r W W Vi W (A O. Vf U c go F O^II e e e 2� e e e e e e e e e e e e e e ep e B� e e o e e e e e O e N e r e T e b r T U M b V V r N O. V InO N W O N O^ O N C V vi T Ni V 4 (V d Z Ok d e I; U FFrr Q S v W - U N T-- W b W- O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N CA r� ood W p Y F Y e e e e e v e e v e e v e e v e e e v e e e v e e v e e e e �O e e p O. M r N C- b N O N O m W N W N vi M O e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e v e e e e e e e e e e e e e v eve e U' 10 O V lG O O b P b N N O. O� T V N P N N m 0 e e e C e e e e e e e e e e e e e C e e e e e e e e e OC. Oq Nh O ^ 4 h `G �D W O vi N �- O. m N V E v �n v �f v I M r � N v W o N 1n r rn T M m v^'i N m M I! r b M r (A /H (9 f9 (A H fA (9 (A Vi (A (A Vi Vi K (A •H (A m c ¢ 2 2z F - C eoeeeveeeeeeve t� Vl P C� O a"u y O GaU q U W C u m ,/� - $ N h O o b m m M O r- M P N N vMi, m m N v N & e� •,� O � m mQ O � F CC"' � � M Yi M W W W u K y ^ ✓r Yi Nf W Y K Yi K z� W U 99 O w v e v e e o o e e e e e e N V N O m V N VI N N m O O C Q U L� 4 O O N N O pO ,ell N e T If Cg 0- a o T vl o n r 8 �O 0 V 8 V vl N Ni F 'L O vim, a a o m C p m (] '0_ W y m Vl Vml m m e W O Q N O l0 P M e N r�' m C u AI O T _ O = d s rr = ,n ,Nil n r °,n° ,�.� .'^ n a _ w ,r/l °,l°l e �E G xm4 " F W o e eO e e e a e e ep ep o 0 o e y F FO - - - - - - .-. - - - - . _ _ _ -- m �y 8 u c EE i N r U o y w W — o IR tT N r e P m P m a ry ro m 03 � % 4 O 6 'D b N N N e V s = - - - 4 x G e C e N M e ,n m n m qQ n M e G 8 E Ei ti - - - - - - - - - - S g g g 8 so 8 e ri a F N N^. 5 rioj ' $• �. W O Q Q '• N S O U� g vpi O vbi g T N 11? 'O O c� e e e e e e e e ee e e e e e e e e e e e b b C9N N r c0 of N r N b N 1� %4 F '^ o a HHHH�.HHH�,HHH H H H H H H H H H H as F e e e e e e e e e e ee e e e e e e Q b O N r r N N a U q wW�o � WWa G r E e � E q rj 8 eeeeeeeeeee -o ar -c m P r n D m r o O't CC U Q Q b y� b O Q O O w _ {1] N= m y z yY �i 0 ii 'y7 ti N M M M m N Q Q N N Q Q O Q b Vl b Q m Q b Q r Q r Q Q P m Q Q — °xd' as C g e e e e e e e e e e e P �O h Q S in a eqa a U r k y c m e ep e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e �O V : r r m b m W Q P O N O Q Q O r a �Ufi E o e e c 3 3 v � O u Q P P T Q P P P P 0 N O O O O •60 q 40 fsi a ObO W - P H O Gi iy —— v� c O ems° o e e e o � o o � a; v v NI N � N ..... M H M n N O � O e O O e pl N �OfJ W � N 7 � N N � �T N M � M �p N O o O O N � W NIb � � N � � N � O o `^ O o `Z O NI O N N O � V � vi ^ �r N e7 N H a 0� v, en o 0 0 o e Ca E OI O M M � b N � OOi d � N 1� ti� N R O 7 o CYr W °� 'e¢ F, C 3 O `° o e z��} � e � N� � oo ��, l� Lsi W r�i.'i NI 'R O`- N � Mj N N �i W W O k �x� W w v �y h 0 �n O� o O e O� o � o \° O °O g .-. ['+ C �' �I N � � � N N N � A Y d Si QI W GFi .yO W y h o ,� O o o in o e �i 7 TI � 7 ~ M � � a � rl 'y e7 O N C` N N Y L U 10 ., o 0 �j Gtr o0o a eo voi N o,n v� ci 7 O al � 7 O O r � � N �+ N �" O .W �a y x x � � h y W rT � F" 3 W d � � a 3 y q •rn y C V_ .i �� C Q � � O � � d d �" � �, �" = x d o d d o �x �On � `" V] H H � V � Y � � � � °x ;; C F o o °L' °" o o °y' °" c m 3 7 F F H F w v°, O 2§1 OG mIS m° O °p jL''g'�'25 � c o•E 3 �5�s ntg �pE'e IT LZ 33 m9N� ° �' v �.. 3rr y aE' — X03 . Y3 'd'3 vci E F E =PEo"' a°�ay.' m yeao��a a �EEc avE M m°m ao9Z'"R� E>ir it: 46 o��� �Y pHmp" �oBy �Q -a c,X'.5Ue mp �Ea �'3j m 1a wry g� �E Koji 5�v IN8 ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------ r �Y T.L u] °mss �c°6 ES' T feg EE°TQ'1 $ ao r� gyXy EzEEC °nCpm'm m� a 5ms_ e 55 Q .q§e,t E 9 ki e - 2 u 11; a°m.Tr� � R c $3 s.�mmVvsr� 3e F. Es�sx F°=vEsct �r =_ $fig -1 m �aqIc � s i o N � tZ O yEe R e mq u� 4� <W IIEE# 9 ■A - r yy s pEW'z �oNo r wo L°a3 6wo ' o u yyo o i 8 F PS g Fc o ge x YII m3E $Hc° a&c5 Fi 'm u8c'c32w!, o 9I EvE3 Eo c$"� �.y �o a 9 F Rt -2a 3 ,� c°P SA g i+M A9Qm $g,c—�0'-8o`o �Y '9a�c �+Le'S TEo cod c $63e qu.so zy A $°oh o mY ��p S�' o 5EI g2 rl °lCS E er Z' 7 p wm 0 i F mw r TABLE 7 ANALYSIS OF MAJOR TIMESHARE PROGRAM ABSORPTION & PRICING Market Study of the Proposed Kona Kai Ola Development Kealakehe, North Kona, Hawaii Low High Average Monthly Interval Absorption 6 425 (per Project) Selected Project Comparisons (Offering new product since 1996) Kona Hawaiian Village Alii Kai Resort Marriott's Maui Ocean Club Marriott's Waiohai Beach Club Bay Club at Waikoloa Beach Resort Mauna Loa Village by the Sea HGVC at Hilton Hawaiian Village Westin Kaanapali Ocean Beach Villas Interval Number of Sales/Mo. Sales/Year Full Units 2005 $23,707 6.99% Est. Avg. 180 Average Price 36 2001 2002 2003 2004 Average Per Interval Price (Statewide) $18,850 $19,775 $20,900 $22,158 Percent Annual Increase 4.91% 5.69% 6.02% Low High Average Monthly Interval Absorption 6 425 (per Project) Selected Project Comparisons (Offering new product since 1996) Kona Hawaiian Village Alii Kai Resort Marriott's Maui Ocean Club Marriott's Waiohai Beach Club Bay Club at Waikoloa Beach Resort Mauna Loa Village by the Sea HGVC at Hilton Hawaiian Village Westin Kaanapali Ocean Beach Villas Interval Number of Sales/Mo. Sales/Year Full Units 2005 $23,707 6.99% Est. Avg. 180 Average Price 36 432 8 $25,200 8 96 2 $16,900 285 3,420 67 $34,260 205 2,460 48 $35,900 92 1,104 22 $28,200 80 960 19 $21,450 280 3,360 66 $43,275 395 4,743 93 $45,000 Source: Various and The Hallstrom Group, Inc. DoRENZI o�sga'a3c''sY« S' E9mS ae p:D S �_°�D��8.2 AllTr+ TC'J U�E 9VJ T�•C 'O m9�O ��� VO '° V E 9 � V�U 83 �5 E ��'a�CCCCCCT ,,, E5�si 3S �•�cc mc� Z`•c°.a°.� a° °Em A— up 1.9S979 .1 D ac F°d FvS«osSM �EY Ss`��v D°. x p 9 - - --- - -- -- --- -- ---- - -- --- -- - -- p 9 e -,x xq9 9 e •� E � y GT 6 JU d T 6 0 C •O U Fi U Ci uL7• � .G Nxgg EE �.Sc�F a w 25 g E 9 Bog „'fi j x 9 5 e & it .fi�c9 E. EE c o HI vE D C C 'o 9 0 y U 6 U n � °� 0 X « gm iE o F` g' °C n y c0 F [s- Cel 8 s e D Y No s F f AI r C MR 0 6 ._3 y3j ° fp��' O X C �j E ''a C Eam SEs �= v�95 e;� -ad_a x.63 m�gy'2" ge�?E Eco TS0 5"9 m= m _ ^aoOM 0 Eli '9=5 'E 5 g_�3£ EEgSa"A3 �doom,y9y .� C c $ 2 jE E c um oo._ p .,� Eo �^ Eow3m8�$ :aEc F 8b'S`'Y SEE 9 c a E u v° $ 0 m `o �•• � C o a_ .0 33g'� 3 3c a m`e ('� O c° ° 3 Y G_ 5 LLN � •C°• gyp°+. L � O a C°Y My W ° $ y ryO = 9 � S O y d x B. m S u O C g TJ ei y Lg A 9C'V C99 m yY oO+u �L mq�m 5 e m 3 3 = E.9 r � E 0 � v w 9 9 ex{ 9yy L O m Y Y� m b G..gT T C g C T Az RA Z is .�C-d .�gmEX p m•G C � Y G'S > � � m ° O m ^ � d E h m dig Ec w�°8 5m'e�"A5 ��g e° deo yS3� A,sa�aaTz mA� 2. Eqv uE 'c aoc SmT z+°i ° mtZEo °'�ma oELE° �W3a'EE �ESEa' �'. �aT� ,o�E$L2 MpF�S'w aG�u°93 nocigm�3�0.� 3 u:E 3W'a a $A m5 Ea QSE$- SSS E TABLE 8 QUANTIFICATION OF COMMERCIAL AND MIXED-USE FLOOR SPACE DEMAND IN THE WEST HAWAII STUDY AREA FROM 2006 TO 2030 (1) Market Study of the Proposed Kona Kai Ola Community Kenlakehe, North Kona, Hawaii One: Minimum Population Estimates and Growth Rate Two: Maximum Population Estimates & Growth Rate De Facto Population Per Capita Total Regional Net Regional Annual Forecast Demand in Demand in Capture Demand in Year Growth Rate Total X Square Feet = Square Feet X Rate (2) Square Feet 20% 81,109 37.00 3,001,033 80.0% 2,400,826 2010 2.75% 91,146 37.50 3,417,975 80.0% 2,734,380 2015 2.88% 106,500 38.00 4,047,000 79.5% 3,217,365 2020 2.590% 122,345 38.50 4,710,283 79.0% 3,721,123 Two: Maximum Population Estimates & Growth Rate Mid -Paint De Facto Population Per Capita Total Regional Net Regional Annual Forecast Demand in Demand in Capture Demand in Year Growth Rate Total X Square Feet = Square Feet X Rate (2) = Square Feet 2006 81,109 37.00 3,001,033 80.0% 2,400,826 2010 4.55% 99,146 37.75 3,742,762 81.0% 3,031,637 2015 2.68% 114,500 38.50 4,408,250 82.0% 3,614,765 2020 2.43% 130,345 39.25 5,116,041 83.0% 4,246,314 2025 2.36% 147,785 40.00 5,911,400 84.00/. 4,965,576 Mid -Paint (1) Per capita demand includes space for retail, restaurant, service, business park, big box, and other similar commercial uses. This includes demand which has historically been located in industrial parks in the islands, estimated at 40% of the total 'light industrial' acreage use component. (2) The Regional Capture Rate is the portion of the entire demand spectrum created by West Hawaii residents which will be focused towards ("captured") by commercial projects in the study area. Fundamentally, this includes "neighborhood" retailers, restaurants and services, just over half the total demand figure, and a variety of specialty and sub -regional businesses. Into the long-term, Greater Kailua-Kona will dominate in regards to regional, big box, and market diversity. Source: The Hallstrom Group, Inc. De Facto Population Per Capita Total Regional Net Regional Annual Forecast Demand in Demand in Capture Demandin Year Growth Rate Population X Square Fat = Square Feet X Rate = Square Feet 2006 81,109 37.00 3,001,033 80.0% 2,400,826 2010 3.69% 95,146 37.63 3,579,868 80.5% 2,881,794 2015 2.78% 110,500 39.00 4,309,500 80.8% 3,479,921 2020 2.51% 126,345 40.00 5,053,800 81.0% 4,093,578 2025 2.43% 143,785 41.00 5,895,185 81.3% 4,789,838 (1) Per capita demand includes space for retail, restaurant, service, business park, big box, and other similar commercial uses. This includes demand which has historically been located in industrial parks in the islands, estimated at 40% of the total 'light industrial' acreage use component. (2) The Regional Capture Rate is the portion of the entire demand spectrum created by West Hawaii residents which will be focused towards ("captured") by commercial projects in the study area. Fundamentally, this includes "neighborhood" retailers, restaurants and services, just over half the total demand figure, and a variety of specialty and sub -regional businesses. Into the long-term, Greater Kailua-Kona will dominate in regards to regional, big box, and market diversity. Source: The Hallstrom Group, Inc. w a e U 9y +� 5 � � Y E o Z � 5 � 9 i e Y � � y i m S ^m>> A a G d � X g a e fi � r m M „ �3gs �° o o_ e a x s e e � o 0 r 0 0 a 0 G d E n � r p e a fI� M p O ry ,i, � O � „ a .� d < � y E �°u 8 g e „ „ .., m 6 8 � fi m � g O vi a � O � „ � r tl 5 �' � N „ i ^m>> A �� e a � e a _ N N „ r m M ° m�°".; �° o o_ e a 9 � m � e O ry O O ry O O D a a a m ;, y E �°u 8 g e „ „ .., m 6 { w fi m G e "; a � O � = � � � �' � N „ y V 5 a a p` Oo v� o v� 0 a c E E 0 9 g d O 0 a° 8 8 9 s a W' � €€ e � 5 m v y <a ^m>> A a � e a _ N N m ^d 8 �° o o_ e E a a a m ;, y o a � fi m e "; d .. ,� �' � c e � a a p` Oo v� o v� y 00 k" o �mssss b s ° 0 a � ° U a � 0 0 O$C ry ry a � � m o„ 9 J ?e 6 AA � A L� w _ � � a 9 d e � {sl O 9 .� ° d 0 a c E E 0 9 g d O 0 a° 8 8 9 s a W' � €€ e � 5 m v y <a A a e e _ N N � � ^d 8 �° o o_ e a m o a � m P h J ' Z � y h e � � O o � y e � = s 8 ;; ��.t h e °' S °� Sr ii P � � Yi � �"' (� O h O � � � gi � ry ry ry ry � L 9 .zi � a W a � �„ssss O ° ° ���rvrvn � d � e e a � Ci � � m 4 6 e ^' a r� a � e d � y r s s t F e r m u' d � ° 0 a c E E 0 9 g d O 0 a° 8 8 9 s a W' � €€ e � 5 m v y <a � � ) § § z / . , \ d o a`ni Q v vii A ° v o v o ami o U O$ S O O E E sM9 s�5 to Vf O E X° y e0 C' of o a`ni Q v vii A ° v o v o ami o S O O E E sM9 s�5 to Vf O o 0. $ N x � 3 C � x o W y G C � h � u u a ti S ti d v v Pr = ye C o N � � U ❑❑ 7 d a x ,�' a •a a v 6 N y a �� � �,ce �•�p y ap � •- � 3.01. ,� y m d � m � m r r C N W r�i CN1 N w I° •O W 6�9 o e ;xx Z � •� � e r C E o35 1 35 Y i I U N u u a ti S d v Pr = ye C o r sae�e <N m N r > S O ■11 F s U N r p S 69 df (A di fA fA f9 W fA K fA 1A � K (A fA y� 49 � (A f9 f9 � fA b � g Vi N w e a m v� g grv��g -8 $mrnM e r a r�o y. a �N rn y � � a 5 � T' rA »vi .nwww wbs v »uzw w wen yiv yi uz yi F,y w.n $G. w a d e 3 W 1� E y� w w �n us w » Fn `y w w m vi � � � w ss •n m r5 n us .n p 0 oda � F � L m fDl ° ° s � m a O U m 5 m U � F $ � mmc$a�� qo❑ Z€mmmm �aoo,�.,r.,m'� 0.mmo4 _v C 45 - �A ,9° 1. .°o v o66aqg y2 yq bY' LS�� aGgGg o Em 'e_ 5 so a = $ = Ya IC'O c��yO P' o -m Savr3 6;?� G�.y_.9"2ou6aaLu:j :c� oyyyp oe py �gC u'c ww �'p C°V edH OO q •�� ME I � uo X E o u a to; s, Aim u o2� `93 H�Vd °sa �vt _'99s.dgsa pp y yy3�a p °m _c._u °mvct>u o'o�`$ $_E6$E ZZdg° 0.-'� 0 v@ E Si _ �J" n X C q > tl � V d=i Y W CJ •_ d•r '�' `p L � ' � a °38 T9 g'd a .°e.o e�E EExS —$UEc S u o IN 12 y o y �@;gip EEx O �rMIN r a Yeo'�99$ `g TOx u m� te-m�°�e EyE'- a tL-oV A�6� FS a 0_°o �g Ep eS Do 2m..5 E E s-.�-°-`°m C� -Sol S 2E c'N^j°'�'� mT 0aG m y WWt --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------r o � .-n w B� 3� o� c� ea ^ _ w 05 $ ie 3g e g $ e« 8 g w a� 5 _6 X15 $< `'' 6Z p _ m aC aS y � Uy 8 p QQ �?8oS ° Pa ss 3 O Q a y oq �Fj .Sa U 6� d Y G Q yy ggg t Re gym mq U U 3 ''.5t a y 5 amy a "=E °z €� 2 2 o a� v egg 2 2 z 0 z €; ` u U F S K a � 6 � 5 9� � < 'p g c _ � : F � e o� � �� i �_ y d � F � � � � , � � ` $ �3 3 � �'<t' � V F S K a � 6 � 5 1 4w AW im iw w AA m --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m '$ '� 8 'Oe �Ea K'Eii S 8 m - s -4'S `oF $�e cFcE WS =s_ ¢Y+ 5 'aE Ova FuBs'e°io� Fn 9 L E E c 8� G � � X i� � E � P E� � ` „� 8 � � R A � � 8 � $ � � A � 8 � a N� �� � E ��`R � � x � aAi M s� � _ e � x �� � x g } � aggp� 3�0 d� � �� �� 5A �� � ig�s3 � �$'� �� a3pg Sq�8 � Ca � $� d� �G t gg �� d e $�y? ;��� �� i� R�$� �� ;?47 � a� � sz'J � s &� � �1 � �� � a � L E E c _ | - (\, \}� _ _ He =} ! ! TABLE 19 N3RWC COSIS/ORNEPIT66UMMARY TABLC Bfa SWdyof&e Pnp Rau RtlMCuumhy I(u4h4, NaM Wm, W.ui Ia Cmalml Ym2006 p0an Datlapeul Yue 1 2 3 4 5 6 ] 9 9 .REALIROIF.RN TA%F3 1 3y Hawaii Cmmy $]88.711 81,1.,804 $2.192.278 ,Dmn k -Ammo VWou(U(2) $3.138,813 $3,862,695 $428696 J 3y 5u¢H—of H 9250223 55,.3,174 $10.423.574 5122]]2 $18365,868 6350,.9 $160 $20.381,289 Impmwoema 5336966 56381978 $92j 11,650 $256,891,0.3 $552JOIjW $722j68,600 $1,025,168,050 $1205.42)20 5191597790 $1.337j26$(X Lgnd 5134250,00 5134250,00 $131250,000 $905,08230 $105.082560 5405,082}60 5105482,560 $9051082360 $105)82}60 $405,082,560 TaW AsyN VYm $134250,000 $134250,000 $226361,650 5661,9/3360 595].]83.60 $1,127,451,120 3'430,250610 51610,503.760 $1,721,060,160 $1,742,608,260 TOTALREALPROPERTYTAEES 51218251 51218258 53,139,055 55,95],]62 skok055 510,147,060 51LINT4155 $14,54,588 114,919,491 515'6[8"'/9 '_ $SATE WCOW TAXES illl m tuNk Pmonellvcon2 (fiom wag<a) 528301276 551201,836 568,449,862 $116360.743 $95,493.494 $155j87,3]] 5132,827,440 $129,122,763 $115,937j41 5146.721,303 Tumble Cm o. Noltl $18,427,484 $31360.919 $38,0]1,991 55355$1.156 541.40.493 $6],801,7]6 $55,722,812 552301,161 $43,81],)99 251,802,221 Pmeoml T..Po 21691,980 52969.880 $3,9]0.092 $6,748,923 $5)8.9]1 59,012,468 ),]03,992 $7,489,120 $6.R4j66 EMN.836 Coryomc T. Paid $368350 5631218 961,.0 $1,0]9,803 $834,010 $1356,036 $1,114,456 51,050.023 5876,156 21236.094 TOTAL STATE WCO85E TAXES 33,110,129 5361'199 36"1933 9}31,726 56371981 310,360,503 36818.148 35,539.143 23,610,722 91,745'8" 1. SfATEGROS6"ME TAX ToubloTm rami. C..C. $141.749,880 $235.560.130 $2)2,05290 5300.871,000 $1]4,]28.000 $302,799,450 5180259,150 $110350,700 3213/8300 $1123261W Wohee DiWaabk NWme Po bmme $11920550 $20,481,934 $2]3]9.945 546S"aj 538,199,798 $62,191,951 59.130,976 $51,09,105 $969.39936 $58688,521 Rmon Glen ExppgBug%(oNOH au) $35,613,650 519.122.613 593395,688 5112.191,875 51503"1175 $166.460,988 $182343,$00 Non{ On-Silc Opemion $IMA36385 5151,078.894 5195,878358 SM,811,7" 5274,828,065 $301.936,592 $34]28]643 TOWToubk Txm olimu 5153,070,430 E256,042.C64 $304385235 5486,864,732 5416,129.3W $658228,616 $585,433,00 $58],406)16 $536320,816 $701340,264 TOTAL STATE EXCISE TAX 36376,914 510,666,712 $1341040 530212.'84 $1733'947 $27,421,805 52,L0E416 321,471}36 323}13,125 $2921],835 y« 1. STAT OIINI'YTRANSIEMACCQ ODATIONSTAX illlmw� Homl Room Rulale $14,%4, W 514,965,O4b0 $39,657,250 539,657250 $59.11050 $59,111,750 $59,111,150 Timmlam Tvabie All.. S83]],SW 517383$35 $27,019,125 536,883,250 $47.176,250 $57,898,125 568420.03 TML Tuabk Ammut $2334230 532348,88 566,676975 $76340,910 $106288,00 $117,W9,875 $12],]31250 TAT T... Rale 725% 725% ]35% 725% 7.25% 7.25% 725% Tout TAT T. C.1v $1,714,8)1 32359,793 31934.037 55}19,186 571"5661 36483,216 59261,553 TOTAL GR91SS PUBLIC REVENUES To Hawaii Comm, (Emm 81&18.6%of") 51208250 $1208250 $2,039,055 34275.233 39,058,976 $11,0",191 Slf%4.4 $15927,882 41],0].422 $17.405941 To S.,(1.#2,36552% of 84) $8386.9" 514267,811 $17,412221 $29,053,682 $25,011,533 W,458,697 $36312.014 537$91,125 $34,626,592 W.WS 510 AGGREGATE TAX REVENUES 39995.194 315A76.061 $19A51.276 MUM914 34.(".511 351_591."9 55/316418 Stt191007 441)94.091 MIMI.482 ORM, COSTS(Ex.henl 1 3y Hawaii Cmmy $]88.711 81,1.,804 $2.192.278 51582,249 $3.138,813 $3,862,695 $428696 J 3y 5u¢H—of H 9250223 55,.3,174 $10.423.574 5122]]2 $18365,868 6350,.9 $160 $20.381,289 TOTAL PUBLIC COSTS 5336966 56381978 812615A52 41)86608 819,]91262 521228362 32407962 TOTALNETP2! RSNEPITS To Hnwni C., $1208250 $1208250 $2,039.055 $5,485,489 9914,172 $8,853.914 $11322,156 512,489.68 31320,728 $13119.366 To6Neof Hawn $8386,9. $14267,811 $17,412.221 $25303"59 $19$68.359 $30,035,123 $24,034,255 $20913,626 $16260.714 321,694253 AGGRLGAT6 NET BENEFITS 19531% 515'4",061 319,151,96 5"23694$ MA112,91 3589$9,037 95356,410 93.402,791 45,465,.2 63&,2619 (1) Ag JmPo3impmmmmle a2 butyl 0n umboddio. oam of mlpmwmeob. mcmdu YmN A Fvhing ClWn.Adminim.. Smpon,bla. S.. Ceram, CWo W Cemu and Commmmry Cemn. (2)AumnnSLU-Umnnmpmv whwS in Yue I,mhn Nelandvg 9$250,OOpeegore. Finigltlgimelonge fiom 520,0010523million pu xre with LlwmpleW (g8 able)eReclrveYm4 hmnm bum &md u wWebk xe. Eftepiw ux mm IN mmn, cmmcervial out uhamWland A io mwunu m 9.W pee$l.W of numd vaim. Som.: Thea mmm Geam, Ne. 4.. do TABLe 19 Cmld s9aB wo m hedymlYm 1. BLALTmPVIY TA VS Gm�Wm ArW Vaxnlll pl PVBLICCOS'19'BBNVIV SUMMARY ]ABL¢ Mwl SbH M ue Tmm6 Bm ¢.1Im c®..b 1(aW4.Nm1 Yua. Hari. Ia CSNu1Ym 3886 B�0en dY Yem S3 1311 IS 16 Il is 19m@Ila &JLLe6 Ivgmelrcnv-IMUWW 51,M9,BSb,IW iLN9,8M.3W 513",653,]88 51,53),653$00 11,6]BN0.9W S105,N21,900 SLM.561.000 i1.i90,561,000 518]314,]38 SW5,082,W Im5-Immo, 5885.063388 110;ng560 SIOS,OBE.SW "05,083,588 SWS,OBE,SW 1105,083,560 Hn5p83,560 5105,083388 SIII,SW,016 5105,08;559 Tm1As0Valn 51,851,9399% [1,859,938,BW 31.958.]JS}611 t1,9W,])53W f?09).]2],iM 13,OMJEJ,KO 53,195,.),560 53,195.611,588 IVOd.d" 53.19;.ISM IOTALBPALTROTPRTYTA%P3 Ilk"`JMl M4%1.I60 fl>,)Itfil] tl]r]IB 11 [,&]Noll 118.]13911 t19r154M (19.,10." EU961939 uk'"M 1 BTAT81NCO56TA%PS TeWkPernl Lyme 513),018,11] fIH}41,]11 5138,110,6M SIIO,74J39 51.,88 I,lJ6 51]63(1.660 5151,372,BM 5151313,&6 12}(,"]$15 $151313,.6 Tmbk fgaabPMY N9,BOE.W1 5"$51391 IWIl"0 513,036,188 $11,71Op15 SO #1 M 17.8 MB t0 PpraY TunPW 5]361,051 39.535.961 58,005$1, 599039W SB,iQ1,531 $10,1H.411 111,13,125 58,]])$35 ]1313)],988 M,T/),835 Cwgn¢Tun PW 5996,054 SLlB5p38 51985,.1 f1,00QN1 IL154,W8 SO 5n W W;`.1156 M TOTAL VATS dCOMBTAXV 34Mt.IM SIg910,f9 ..110961 511 N5.1i3 .Alkl0 tINM,tll L,TIJA15 .MRS SIIgNI]AM %T1j35 3. VAl¢GBOS50'CTB6TA% Tn kTmr'pme L¢Amhn CmtlecY SO 111LBOc. W 1110.588$. SO SII3JM,IW SO $0 33,198,10k6 II. pepmble l—N l— 150901,341 1fi11... 155,18[$58 i6B.E96.U6 551,886698 SIOSH,9M (60309,138 YA.5.,138 P)OS,IIB.Ne YA,509,1)8 RaMCun EgmiiouvlmoQnb) 1198,"6611 SEIQlWp25 13)0,"$,5 52[6.8,5,050 1111.11711, 1319,013,615 1131133338 [)111",388 4E.P31,6)g588 5,,,$06300 mLml Q.eip OSeolme 3374}SO O S3983094,481 3)90,038.W1 $3915178116 k"2X2Aw SI90,%)MS 5195314,110 S)9635Vl5 51151338001 SJ9fiJHllS Twlimb@Tnuv[pm SbE],6M$Z/ 5)93,3Wj90 M]6.JIS,M {830,938333 5711,88],.1 SS55.9N$dC {188,H". II.Al0,1]] S10,TSGM8,185 fl6Y,Ol0,lt] TMAL VAT8IXCL48 iA% RS,M1,Y5 53lAYl/93 ti&Ilf Mi fY.Z003M 339,]403ID OSfi60Jli [,],8388 t11931pV WM®A95 M19919N l STATB/CgIN3 NM¢RTACAMMOMT TAX HaelRwm. .5.Z 5.,693$50 $N.l150 S24,&2$50 SN,693350 131..;`10 534,693$50 531.693350 H81,II1,]50 [34,[93350 Tmwlure T—.Albmn¢ S79341$/5 388.05).]50 51.185,635 31113%,5. 5133339J15 1132,951350 SN3,673,125 SIHJ95,W0 {1.198105,635 UK395..0 TmITB WAmml 5100.034IE5 5114,7550. 5131.411 l5 5134199,]50 S14gM.5 t15],G),500 k.5.3]5 11]9,OB1j50 $1,ML831375 51]9,0%$50 TATT—ftW 1211. 7.25% ]35% 125% i3Wr 7 E5% 725% Tm1 iAT T.e. 51313A14 t8J19d10 9 .l. WdM/R Slullll. fll/39,151 313303,90 511913,8" 111. B5 313$13," 5140973. SIB$OLSM 519,110,686 519.555$11 [501)1, U9 SN,.1,734 kAo".IW $33,1]5,]M Y[563W.SJ3 S2?1]5,]U II83.A5 W311,017 M2,12.M SS .XI FSAMA83 5521188$3, SM.4M,IW M7938,7. 5880,9.,]8) .1.9)8.]. i16,BI6A% Sfi6.lAJ161 .1 ,]88,]9 SNy9pW "591 Mit BISXull TIO/11903 SN3.AM O11,19S " S.J.A. 11811CCOVSIee Sy Wmul Cmmry r•m ..110,151 55,11]3)8 $5,558y0 55,983.101 56,65,983 5580961 M3i1,0.tl 57,6]].636 i68.B65,eW 11,6]1,636 3y SmeoS Wwui 19396/05 SN.41?1. 536431,88 SE8,NE963 S)OAW80 532,47 131;,. (16588,631 V27A)0.l07 {)55".637 IOTALPVBWCCOSIB 19,IM"I II9ygtl3 t1l9 . S. A,. kkJkl E .93.56E .7y/1 Ilk". iM61M}ll ..A, mAL Iver Tulwce¢Nemia IOHmii dxry 51)186,803 ill,,%,506 5,,$53,46] ill3ll,IlO 310.125,161 SII,MS,BiO SII,16l,140 510,.8.158 518]314,]38 514,498,158 [o9ppal Hawii 515113,510 i21,Wge9l 515,,13349 1]]351462 310.1.,103 k%136018 IkO71,ID SIII,SW,016 f11,43 \CGR6GAWNLTB¢NFlr18 ,9,99311 33l}M.SB 99.132116 ml. IIAOSI.ZO 131.111949 .3,4,33 .531].31 IVOd.d" 5.9115311 003 3 §O goa oL'=w ° o9s`� 5'c§n3$e.+�c caoee dE m�w'3�.. 9 `EveeNg 6.9 -a as EE g ° r �n°a3y E9d 3 e °u2�oE ,3�d5�°, $Vyco$; o3mE',SY � YEoSN���6ra9 cr ul v.g c o o o E o� 3 >..j o. o H. 9u°O�'�S �L cS83?�oh e$9aMm za u9 0 u r'�o6og-V$z_a� 'Eaaw� ilg 8� s M Jr y EINN d � ti Sht �§ E=,1`-�' meo '-yr� o�sc=Ta E�cg �>.:8w c.5 3'3 a'P._Smo=B_pY2u __mom 3§05>. oIIa_$ .S u°. nE 22 EA5y- E c� a ha v 3ci FU Oa SEU5a �n� F`8A R MHAyH CZOZ g �'`�LVgC ^Xml'2 P'2 �t 28 E'c wo 5$_EEE« a BES G 9o�a��>, -s-ap 0_ eT yEi 09q ffi� LSco C ° m N L ��A w c �gS K.0 WIAG pUogg IT u55 U .� a5 0.1.- 12- Q "m Egg ,5 °��� Is. z .4. ^ o.p - c €" .ya9+5q a UgTR �xg. Ul=l gg9'�a €x eugg e%151-21 003t0- E O V I F. 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SOUP —"� x�_�O S6m p as rF 9p ,g ��5-y �'xs5 ypp ,x,�gg asx H, �`•C°'ga �E�3xU and y�3a5X—a "°, uuxa3 oy � $3i3�3u �Uliil 11 IIIII �i illlllll A C' �9 W¢ty.�" a Q Uro °y 5 C•= = 0$0 6 e E12 0 e 9N Uu R'' a EaD'q va m ea w z SAA TSi,°� ° aC c.p U ,p"4 p - 2 0 67" F U'o dx Cg `- a C ' a s �' _ 0 E� �� oaE p5 c' M.., = e G '- x �yy s E 9�Z q �- a Z 8m .. x p�9 s " a ffi ons o �Y dm$ a s ra `o 49 In. 00 yn2 = [0 S= F`x xa ¢ux g'c I-'^ y $ &f.=._ 9 o gmm�,Em� `�,""e c ESaQ °"ec0 $o `o uo offi g4>°, ti ° P�+';$ cg U.5g� E �m // Z > p¢p @ ,Eo Fn p°p 400 SZ.EUa 80 M x"$3 8 ep�'es .� O ,`o_ v `o o. @" �i p4 '�i' 'a'e o.'$5 a 3S�$ ti"g ^r GQ'C �. F u°dg rna $p �= v99u �EQ �g'� ow, IN yeEp-q� €yr. >° 7 d p " a e� a e u �:e 5 ve o .."=s=e a w, m p• •Yy 9 yi p.. pry pZ a mm zcE w a5 d3 M Um N "is ' e m Ag 5 RlQ d � = a a o Ma C V'� �' � cr a @ ex EE. S c c 8 a$a d Brig. ° € C1j m t1U Z Um m� w U m a ��gg yeyp �gg E $ $ A S 4� UQ p E UR�gyo CB Ei' E"� - i EuCm �a P� da -yn p5gp�� q $ESN IY5;i,°' cE eaa EdU $ $,y(n22g (5 A" y .F NpgG'C 0,5:. SOUP —"� x�_�O S6m p as rF 9p ,g ��5-y �'xs5 ypp ,x,�gg asx H, �`•C°'ga �E�3xU and y�3a5X—a "°, uuxa3 oy � $3i3�3u �Uliil 11 IIIII �i illlllll A C' �9 W¢ty.�" a Q Uro °y 5 C•= = 0$0 6 e E12 0 e 9N Uu R'' a EaD'q va m ea w z SAA TSi,°� ° aC c.p U ,p"4 p - 2 0 67" F U'o dx Cg `- a C ' a s �' _ 0 E� �� oaE p5 c' M.., = e G '- x �yy s E 9�Z q �- a Z 8m .. x p�9 s " a ffi ons o �Y dm$ a s ra `o 49 In. 00 yn2 = [0 S= F`x xa ¢ux g'c I-'^ y $ &f.=._ 9 o gmm�,Em� `�,""e c ESaQ °"ec0 $o `o uo offi g4>°, ti ° P�+';$ cg U.5g� E �m // Z > p¢p @ ,Eo Fn p°p 400 SZ.EUa 80 M x"$3 8 ep�'es .� O ,`o_ v `o o. @" �i p4 '�i' 'a'e o.'$5 a 3S�$ ti"g ^r GQ'C �. F u°dg rna $p �= v99u �EQ �g'� ow, IN yeEp-q� €yr. >° 7 d p " a e� a e u �:e 5 ve o .."=s=e a w, m p• •Yy 9 yi p.. pry pZ a mm zcE w a5 d3 M Um Appendix C Air Quality Study By B.D. Neal & Associates F C O 4G OU OV d I N I N U U Nu H H d d u U c d u C G u W y 4 C C F C O 4G OU OV U U d d m w o ao b o I 2 H xa xa Tm O O N LX CN Cd SO SO un W N C O C r r q O rl C O M u „ N y H R C .N m p d M d rl q RE 0 f'1 U N O N ry D a 9 C O H T d d' 0 O b O d H d m d H d 0 V1 L d u u m a E H L 4 O L [q 0 � U d o d V N a i 1 P c O r] o F m O ✓ N c a 9 c m m U c O U m d U M w C yp�. p I9 m N c o .A Y N d d N p� Fl p41 m L i C d +1 wH ° D d C u m m Y a.IN T m Em E . H{ Vl Q H O C ? C tl1 ti E m C O m .YI H p,1 rHj ; f[ S N OX Hu 4 d Nm c d zx u 0 ° u N W d +1 T H C m N c N O CC„ H Q W m Am H U C HX „J m N T U YU 1 a .� m .0 w O N.°i m m 10 W L @ L]C H U C HX 0 p x m N T 3 1 9 u m m O HC O N° m w m s/ O 41 ✓ N m F F IW ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- r W N D d d d m H O E m m W D ✓m Ti 9 di ✓ NN GN LY A N11✓.1 Y Nd W YmU U NT O L L A A N 9C 9 N m J N 'C 0 .>i tifUCv 7 -N DHd d 9LmU•� N a YC ✓WN YNE7 yVUN .•!j U m H y P W N d F m Y e d ry O Y' H U C 9 d ,N H a d Ea0✓ O W �y +i d A N N 9 d T G Y E w D C +i W G d S G� m jj 4 y u r !IR a F UCm HEC Y E .N d W Y 9 c E "0 m ro ..i C ✓ d o m� ✓ N NO YNaC d>CC 6 d F m Aa C Y a N N .H a% d ILJ d C 11 E N ^ 0 D U m L W D9dd dMdd C O ro O U C Y T N N � Y Y Y C M O O N O U� N N Oi N N L m d 4 C L ✓ 0✓ ,O a N O '.Oi d N 3 p L 0 YLI C 'i C C '•� W✓ G m� +i I d O C yTi .y N N d C T D y 4 '� y✓ O U W N O O U fl .0 m N H O .I O .-Ti O ,O m O EU C y N A N Lry C N g O O E H m 6 d N G O• m N O H 'E N U A d m U V) a C 0 m N m C O• V 4 U Y✓ W pRy W N N U E U 9 3 G✓ T 9 P m N a Y T W u Y 'i N q a w .'NI W D ad+ m H✓ L m P U W U' O a 9 H E W m m UO % 6✓ L 'C O y m O U m C Y M 9 d a D M W C N d L t U N P D a ✓a N +1 N O m� L V YE Y � �'LLt ei .G E u C ro C a 'J G d m L✓ d u d W W N .rd1 6 4 W 0 b p D 1Lj O H Yg .mi 04010 y .Oi L -I ~O w✓ d W ✓ O d m 9 N E W O +1 N S C pj ✓ O C N U • d W Y a d ro D d m T T L C W a W '•i fu .'J S• U E N O P O 'i an d .1.11 U N m +1 L '•i Y N O .i N L rT{ py1 vC{ E >' N m N •� 6 W O C m '1 O m] 0 O m •i O C N H N 0� O m N Yn Y H T w" N N O d d T y d O MN P Y Yi U •-I N m d S N m U y T C dg T d W U a c O 9 E L d C U ..1 d ..Ei G m N ..1 y .y N O d F ry Q✓✓ m F N m C W U Y d y aEt d .i A D w d C L ...j E ymi 'S O .i O ..Wj O S C U Y✓ "i O m Y O' „ O d O N E 0' W u N E 'fl C Y Y O N •U Yd d m a o N E m N N d M N d a L Y H 0 jE] P m W T fi .i w d� g Y N P 7 Y N 0 N M 0 G C G N A W 0 C ami O ti c •1 o o d � >1 u m° c ai d° '1 o D> m Y� w !, d d .,� O .1 y •moi ..i .,°.� .di L O� U m J 0 U 7 Orn U✓ n � A d Y U m Y N T '•1 y 9 C E m H W � N C L U M O H 9 0 W✓ L d U N M m d d P W d m ro� 0 F W m m C W 'JU D• P amj m a m 0 O E C C y CO m O N U H G W O C G N U> U M O Y U N~ H O m � G ..1 O = N d N m D > N U N m N O' O i N N '1 W✓ O E T '1 U .-I Y> d d D m d L A O d✓ m E .i A +i W '� N U O m m N H d W O a U O O D 9 H P O O. N Y JH-` N C W C N 'J mC k O M d O L C W H E M 4] a a N W y P N a +'I W W✓ m m a M a ti D m NO U 9 W N 3 A N r 0 N 9C H W T 4 9 N 'C N m O d O A +1 C d C N a Y 0 ji dm OC x N O d .•!j U m H y P W N d F m Y e O T d ry O Y' H U C 9 d ,N H a d Ea0✓ O W �y +i d A N N 9 d T G Y co W �' y w D C +i W G d S G� m jj 4 y u r !IR a F 9 C d m, O'> Y E .N d W E Y 9 c E a m ro ..i C ✓ d O L O G N N O Y H 9 d O N O U Cr m A 6 d F m Aa N T '1 C Y a N N .H a% d ILJ d C 11 E N ^ 0 D U m L W N p N D m O U y LN O ro O U C Y T N N � Y Y Y C O O N a "1 +1 N w W Y L d D 0✓ ,O a N O rl d✓ ro NN W N 3 E d m N C ✓N m W Y a✓ m N ,0 A m G .-Ti "I D m EU N m 9 n u N m T L � .i F O E H m 6 d N G O• m N O H N d p O U M O W L W N N 'O W N N E U 9 3 G✓ P m N a Y T d u Y 'i Y U H N E W m H m m 'C N y m O U Y Y M 9 d a H M d d L t U N P D a ✓a N +1 N O m� L V YE d � �'LLt ei a L ..1 N? 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IC E a g ry �, C✓ D N m L N 'YI ✓ 41 b b N> O Y .N ✓ 4 % S W✓° bi C Y° N O C ry N N ro L -OH Z O 4 'H U IbJ .Wj pC1 i C a Y]✓ b p y✓ H. °' M C C 4 ro E N✓ H~ m, N d y✓j N C .i 'N � U X ro W C O L% b ] ]✓ N✓ O a D C%% 0 0 ']P UL O W a%+ G U O m O O C 6 G W O fu N F N ON ✓ N T b U U N L% 0 T H H C D 4 M N L 4 N O C O 0 3 N O O 0 y D H U ro 'O aAi ,y q y 9 D F p H O O g N] N% U LA _ C 0 A F C N O O .bj b b a U E X N° E Y C U O pi N D N N a+ y Co H y N ro m A N ro .L, m F in a ° N uo w °' v .Fi F a ti og % N b ro c° .bi a .y F 4 ro T A E O b v� L C H p✓ N C Y O P y LN 4 U FOyOy�N•� y M N 0 O 0 N N W N d U m b b y a N C 0 M M E o .H u U„ L ro U ro L Y aai y C L E C N H ro F L Y 0 N b y N✓ 3 q .N b ro .i F E C O, M T N N N N 'p ✓/ 0 b M%✓ O 3 M N% G b O E ro IG N Y N op ok c E N o E b> b fl o O H a b O A H A q D D T YNN y Y W N N b H 0 Y ry yN y •N p Y a o U b y L N N Oi .i L 0 Oo a E ti a Y b y 9 O Y 0 0= 0 N E N C N W~ N g 9 A W C y N u Y N L N EEN q% ro U F d uro° c .i ,y b .i % E o a N O pN 4 y H T O E U W✓° b ro U d O a4i L E H ro O W V i d b Y> a v°i N O a ro• Ny y % OW H Fr d Y Y f .Ti W IHO D> .i N 0 ro +i N N O N O N d A W N� O ro H M g ti G Y 3 V✓ a> y N aLi U U N N✓ N ro D % m Y%� U .i H .i E T L 0 F ro Y D M W 4 D• a ro ro 1 O L H ro M E O Y N N> W v L N T N% T y D C W N Y% O ° E% b 0 -N U C� �. 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IC E a g ry �, C✓ D N m L N 'YI ✓ 41 b b N> O Y .N ✓ 4 % S W✓° bi C Y° N O C ry N N ro L -OH Z O 4 'H U IbJ .Wj pC1 i C a Y]✓ b p y✓ H. °' M C C 4 ro E N✓ H~ m, N d y✓j N C .i 'N � U X ro W C O L% b ] ]✓ N✓ O a D C%% 0 0 ']P UL O W a%+ G U O m O O C 6 G W O fu N F N ON ✓ N T b U U N L% 0 T H H C D 4 M N L 4 N O C O 0 3 N O O 0 y D H U ro 'O aAi ,y q y 9 D F p H O O g N] N% U LA _ C 0 A F C N O O .bj b b a U E X N° E Y C U O pi N D N N a+ y Co H y N ro m A N ro .L, m F in a ° N uo w °' v .Fi F a ti og % N b ro c° .bi a .y F 4 ro T A E O b v� L C H p✓ N C Y O P y LN 4 U FOyOy�N•� y M N 0 O 0 N N W N d U m b b y a N C 0 M M E o .H u U„ L ro U ro L Y aai y C L E C N H ro F L Y 0 N b y N✓ 3 q .N b ro .i F E C O, M T N N N N 'p ✓/ 0 b M%✓ O 3 M N% G b O E ro IG N Y N op ok ft IN ti U g d OP d W T U E d d H O H O W .0 q M WN C L q c L O Y M L L O Y W .O Ku O d S W O u N +1 TI W E Y Y W G M M O '.1 S a W- W S % N•� O N% p U Y y W U 0 IM H 0 y N N C N N 9 y 9 W d d AI M Y N M d U .... 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Hobdy, Environmental Consultant iwl •O• a �j d m f C % •� O T� o ���;eupB� si3 O otA adov�^sm3 0 St ,u m ZDo .kms 9 O •�_J3 u %"3L v x' 8{ 9 No m° .cnv�o G VI O e' O m W m a mg y O N O O U 3 m C ..>m.. m '� .9 4' �' m O o r'� � o o O� Illq O U q °� 3 U b 3 Oy u W N aq k a m i33g m SE oa ma mm „ x � WM aiz c y s�T a qa 2 E e= �' m o G t u mo o o�' T;SCCy x'63 �� AAA %oLl�= � �aeaua k5p xzo Mr ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------- m r N e aZ oo:� LT �3m f~4 Z•y�a uy F m � U W ^a a a o o a � a s o x rr N e aZ oo:� LT �3m f~4 Z•y�a uy o` m N o � v 9 8 8 Li OII a ° °� � •D U �+ G? m 0 O a �qs E d° — m �a� a S o O o� � •9 vdddu9 GaU m % O 9 •wSm c � e �9G 3 yy����'' weo0 �°. 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E 6 2 E G «. 5 0 C C qq id � C ••n .G � .6 C m m G C C C S C C Q G m m C O 9 O 9 q Q O O q C G C Qq dHN O O CC O C C C o O O O O O O o F C O N C N O C C C a q C C w C 0 m 9 � 7 � u�� W � 6 �, Q y � •S b UQ � a � �s •� � u � � W z cul q5 >N ❑ z > o v u' uq q a X c]i �W K l� # --------------------------------------------------------------------------' -"- # � w Z o 0 0 0 F O O D O O O O O O O F q � z U r3i� i G r E z W ttl U m [°i '6 F # rn i o g 42 It-, V U z �' U Q p W L µµ77 pWU, Y ?' F U W Z F Q p w U Z `S vi v Q s ti LL U ZO f Uo U m Pl h 0. P. O h C �n Q EL �. W m ti op u IN id �+ o '3 u . W. m w ° pO L° �^ C yq T is x W Zg =oxo Vo 4)A 'O~ cF9 o q a w° ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------' 9 �YAr 9 9 i u m m Im Ei 1.2 T � A '•-.� .Cj "sem' > F a o v hNi & Pl to a P. �. rX vFi c; > y w P r Appendix E A Survey of Avian and Terrestrial Mammalian Species By Reginald E. 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S.m�Q Cci� .e F° o "D6'ZI------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Am r E E m r v Ea Tgx �� a g.} G3 Gvi m 0 ° L ° E . - B C A T° O itV T 0 m �c pv Wgsga„ •� HIT 9 a0.�FEF -- PIR E�o O 2 � pg � n L m Fj N K a $ $ " dill " g 8 z 8 A u o i l a o y c J S E a `o 1 yG 90 a F U g A gAli s �A A c s`z r zE z o osa $9 awF A F w �v E^'o w v Ea Tgx �� a g.} G3 Gvi m 0 ° L ° E . - B C A T° O itV T 0 m �c pv Wgsga„ •� HIT 9 a0.�FEF -- PIR E�o O T41102 IsSW CIM T.6 W SJ T®p yB $I W Tat NO3A1 TON NINi6 135 M W (WL) 01I1j) (4E) (990 ELQ (094 (WW (.30 (rye) (WU (q6) (4)J T.D IS 019 034 73 I.0 213 1.17 M 3 4 AS IN 1 ITS 103 013 0.16 71 34.0 21.3 LIS IN 4 4 47 IR 1 311) IOB 0]5 0.11 7A 33.9 25.3 6.14 191 4 4 103 ISO 1 21.1 5D3 OA 0.16 73 34.0 25.6 LIS 195 3 4 N I57 1 LI SOB 0.16 0.13 71 IA 25.6 6.15 151 3 4 14 153 2 ILA 1003 0.16 0.15 71 34.0 251 6.15 lM 3 4 14 167 2 N.6 Im 0.16 0.19 7A NA 253 3.17 to 2 4 11 144 2 N4 SO05 0.16 011 69 33.9 251 3S 139 3 4 it 139 1 160 5000 O.N 0.16 7.1 I.1 25.1 619 135 3 4 9 131 1 1" sI9Ba(3m.mt ,.. 0.19 LIS 71 MA 25.3 Ito 191 3 4 N In 1 17.6 T. z IS 0.14 613 72 34.0 35.1 LI3 214 4 6 N IU I ILI IM 0.13 0.15 71 34.1 25.1 119 210 3 5 f6 166 1 214 JOB 033 037 73 34.1 0.1 6.13 164 3 4 M 1M 1 IIS 306 0.13 LIS 72 A.9 25.6 3.17 173 3 5 15 10 1 16J SOB 0.14 617 71 34.1 21.1 LIZ in 3 3 0 IN 1 ISA INS 0.12 0.17 7.1 IA MA 613 197 4 4 IS 131 1 05 1000 0.14 0.11 71 143 25.0 S.19 127 3 4 10 IN 1 174 An 0.14 015 71 343 233 123 In 1 4 17 130 2 I5.5 SWB all 0.16 71 MA 243 332 234 4 S 11 IQ 1 NA sus Omeevk soID 0.13 Eli 71 N.0 251 LI! 199 4 5 N 146 1 16.6 (MenYClav4c Nea 036 E11 7A 319 25.1 3.15 565 4 6 0 if 1 IIS M.cQ.W,s ID6a65 030 010 5 13 5 100 3 T6b2 WomRImlu a 0.16Y P..a4.. 6604anon a. 59Nd M APO 3." 10 m Af.O e..m.q.lub Ox OrJben�e6.n SaOaaarsWe�.. Bu.ea.7nRua...�ew Su1nv f2BA T9 W SJ I" 90 sl cO 1091 IOBN 155 0550.) (w1U MIIQ (40.) (910 6.6C Wit (WI.) (qe.) OWL) (tl (WL) (m ) Tv.ump IS 134 036 75 VA NJ 412 2090 4 9 306 421 1 153 105 0.94 021 7.4 32.5 25A L31 1733 4 10 306 532 l 147 IOB 1.13 021 75 323 24.7 630 1255 4 10 171 NI 1 193 MS ON 021 73 ILL 24.9 8.16 IR4 3 6 N19 4v 1 2L5 SOB 062 020 73 326 NS 8.10 IN7 3 7 In 321 1 203 INS On 0.16 7A 316 24.7 619 IN9 4 7 164 In 1 163 1008 ON 0.17 73 33.9 NJ 6.19 514 3 5 45 175 1 16.4 SODS 0.13 0.17 72 33.6 25.3 LO 212 3 6 21 W 1 153 50021 0.14 0.11 TA L0 253 41 IR 3 5 N - M 1 193 9a6wOrmmic LSeo 6b L32 7A nJ N9 617 110 3 8 In 3I 1 163 Ta.40B 15 041 053 79 N3 2E7 1m M09 9 16 410 6N 2 16.1 IM "I OAI L9 2E4 NA m 7159 5 16 SN 714 1 175 100 2A5 OAS L5 30.7 NS BA2 5098 6 N 411 LN 1 MA SOS OM 038 69 N1 24.6 t5B 47)3 3 11 463 556 2 161 508 0.71 0.42 16 313 251 fD6 3556 3 8 N2 497 1 19.3 last 050 032 1.5 MA N.9 IAB 4371 4 7 316 414 2 173 INS; 1A5 031 9.1 312 25.0 ED 2599 3 5 112 367 1 21.1 5005 0.41 036 T4 lit N.9 810 9U 3 5 25 in 2 191 509B 0.47 am 7.t 113 27.1 1.17 605 3 $ N to 3 21.1 S09a0®.OrtM= OAS W 83 MA NJ 1" MW 4 10 N3 N6 2 ILI T... c IS ON 0.19 73 33.7 251 3.16 333 3 6 IA of 1 29.7 IW 019 0.11 tl 32.6 MD 611 433 1 7 126 3N 1 19.1 100 023 0.21 7.3 332 25.0 3.11 M 3 6 IM 175 2 19.1 IN 031 0.18 71 33.1 25.1 LII I2 4 6 N 213 3 29A 500 0.13 am 71 Its 253 615 IR 3 5 22 175 1 193 1003 031 011 69 33A 25.4 611 N1 5 7 29 199 1 17.4 1000 0.13 0.17 7.0 34.1 34.9 1.14 IA 2 4 IS In 1 13.7 5003 0.13 0.17 7.0 33.9 N.9 6.11 151 3 4 6 IID 1 13.8 5000 0.15 010 7.1 342 35A 8.15 136 3 4 5 in 2 119 evfi¢(IlolorEENm 031 0.13 7.1 333 35.1 8.13 343 4 6 V 03 I NJ r +a0 ow r ale, 0 aaa 1111 eow a all 0 acro all, oaa all 0 Table 3. Rewb of llvee-way anelym of variance (ANOVA) w water WAY pareme[ars from three r eys conducted in the Kona Kai Ola area In April 2006. Slgnl6rant ANOVA results are iralcated by bold type. Values will, 0te same Wparscdpt lel[ar are W elgnftanW Merced (P = 0.05). Table 3. Reaub of Oveo-aay analysis of variance(ANOVA) on water quaty parameters 0ma 0vee wheys conducted in the Kone Kai Ola arra in April 2006. Significant ANOVA results are indicated in bold type. Values with the same superscript [atter are not algrdkanib7 d0ferant (p = 0.05). NH444 NO3-N MN o -P TDP 81 C14LA (ugrIL) (uglL) (ugly (u91L) (ugly (u91L) Dan (mti) Den 4,72006 1.62 a 161.44 a 29929 0 3.76a 5.42 b 1005 b 41]OR006 0.98 b 127.80 b 248.02 b 3.38 a 621 a 1584 a 4/13/2006 IA7 a 89.02 c 217.14 c 3.44 a 6.64 a 1089 b 1- -0.001 WA01 4.001 0.337 <OAM 40.001 TmASN4 4/107 0.620 -0.001 4.001 -0.001 4.001 A 0.93 b 183.48 b 330.65 b 325 b 7.67 b 1244 b B 229 a 315.33 a 463.70a 4.44 a 9.050 4120 a C 137 b 64.82 c 185.10 c 3.30 b 5.59 c 362 c D 1.40 b 32.11 c 153.19 c 3.04 b 4.00 d 180 c E 1.13 b 34.70 c 14137 c 3.59 b 4.52 d 192 c P- <0.001 40.001 40.001 0.003 40.001 40.001 sbodon 8.19 a 7.19 b 0.18 b 2023 a 0.142 b P- IB 1.54 ab 212.67 ab 343.07 ab 4.87 a 8.600 2074 a 10.5 1.80 ab 229/13 a 372.53 a 4.13 ab 8.80 a 2154 a IOB 127 ab 20020 ab 296.40 be 4.07 ab 7.60 ob 1474 le SOS 1.98 ab 16333 be 305.80 be 3.13 b 6.77 be 1424 b SOB 0.96 b 114.00 a 251.43 c 2.93 b 5.57 do /D45 be 1006 126 ab 12720 c 265.53 c 3.93 ab 6.20 od 1423 b 1006 1.14 ab 45.60 d 115113 d 2.73 b 4.27 a 758 d SWS 1.57 ab 22.53 d 14517 d 3.07 b 4.67 a 366 d WE 129 ab 1973. d 137.20 d 2.87 b 4.67 a 259 d P. 0.039 -0.001 0.039 4.001 -0.001 -0.001 Table 3. Reaub of Oveo-aay analysis of variance(ANOVA) on water quaty parameters 0ma 0vee wheys conducted in the Kone Kai Ola arra in April 2006. Significant ANOVA results are indicated in bold type. Values with the same superscript [atter are not algrdkanib7 d0ferant (p = 0.05). Temp Bal pH DO Tutt, T6S C14LA deg C (PM) (myL) (NTU) (mg/0 (mti) Den 4O720D6 25.40 a 33.08 b 8.168 7.38 b 024 b 12.59 c 0.319 b 4/1012006 24.83 b 32.98 b US a 731 b 0.30 c 29.46a DA93 a 4/138006 24.97 b 33.46 a 8.159 7.64 a 0.198 21.93 b DA95 a P= -0.001 4/107 0.620 -0.001 4.001 -0.001 4.001 Tmau A 24.91 be 33.08 a 8.17 a 732 b 0.24 b 20.09 a 0.665 be B 24.84 c 31.14 d 809 c 839 a 0.40 a 20.41 a 0.981 c C 25.08 b 33/19 b 8.14 b 7.10 b 020 b 2212 a 0201 b D 25.39 a 33.98 a 8.18 a 7.19 b 0.19 b 23.18 a 0.191 a E 25.12 b 34.07a 8.19 a 7.19 b 0.18 b 2023 a 0.142 b P- -0.001 4/101 -0.001 4.001 4.001 0.886 40.001 86edoa 1S 24.99 a 32.76 d 8.14 be 7.43 b 0.35a 22.44 a 0.607a 103 24.99 a 32.63 d 8.15 be 757 a 022 b 23.97 a 0.506 a IOB 25.05 a 33.00 cd 8.13 be 7.62 a 0.29 ab 2423 a 0.913 a 50S 25.15s 32.81 d 8.14 be 7.58 a 0.24 b 23.67a 0377 a SOB 25.19a 3328 c 8.14 be 758a 0.24 b 1934 a 0363 a 1005 25.039 32.85 d 8.12 c 7.43 b 021 b 21.70 a 0369 a 10013 25.03a 33.59 b 8.18 b 751 ob 021 b 2136 a 0370 a 5003 25.11 a 33.72 ab 8.21 a 7.14 be 0.20 b 17.81 a 0.209 a 5008 25.07 a 33.95 a 8.18 ab 7.11 c 0.21 b 17.41 a 0211 a P. 0.793 4/101 4.001 O.M 0.016 OA88 0.793 ! op | - � , ! | _ { - 7 � ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ® ! - | - � , ! !� � { - ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ® ! ! ® \ § . | _ , ,�| |! �|� & k !| - _ �f � •! - ,k} | , § ! ! !|§§■■°° ! - | - � , ! !� � { - ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ® ! ! ® \ ® . | _ , _ |! �|� & !| - _ �f � •! - f! ! - |! _ � , ! !� - �| - ! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- _ ! - . | _ , _ ! _ � , ! | ® ! _ ! _ � |! �|� & § _ .�f ! _ � | ® ! _ ! _ ;! }! _ � - 3 wr a 8 s � 3 F ,wx B _____________________________________ r a $ 2 8 �2 wr �$ 8 s � a _____________________________________ r _______________________________________________________________________________ $ 2 i e i g o T j o { a < 3 O 1 L[_ gg 8 gg ggL g 8 UO•) saes �2 wr �$ 8 s � a _____________________________________ r _______________________________________________________________________________ $ 2 e �S ll� 8 s � a $ 2 i g o T j o { l'We)�lalas �S ll� !! - � � !| I - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - § ! - ! - _ !! - � � !| I - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - § ! - � - _ � - ! _ { !! .}§ - - ;} - ! _ !\ § ,! _ !� !! - � � !| I - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 ! - � - , � - ! _ { !! - - ;} - ! _ !\ !! - � � !| I - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 ! - • ! � - ! - � - ^ I - � - 2 � - • _ � - ! - { - �; - ! _ }� A ! - � - � - � - ! - � - ! - { - �; - ! _ }� ! - ! _ � - . ■ <^.9.; -.11 § A a I i I g -S t I I I - m.a A sB— �� -,.Pa ,&I e8° mmgp�_c5 w°m S 8° w , �aJe U.S b �'pp'�W$si .99 zS=9°3 ag@@�5 .yS$g$°.'5 �fa `O u�•.°�m°,S� m gpmfi nw�'9 75 �F mY O$ggS& $x� a$e 9 53oQD' ° °L'L`^•�t$.5 s°? x a'aaw 63 r fig° fi 9r v SSB m' gm �C'0�+.B..�O.� '�$e �•�o w °mfg 8$ efi d'Sy SO s'gg0a d2 'tTt'�3 Em gra °. .e L. ' Sus EBEy� �� $z�•88gp�o3 �'.�' r'v�. o'ao � ^'b.��QQ A y ��o •E f' S cwto.5 mo �� •e °�nOa -"•8w°p a 5m Ea. .53 �8 q �aw rU=�.°coeg, y¢t'8 ?$(o:�m;a=2 �Yj ° •m L gyp$ p '' ] u O ysqq PCa S ° $?FCF($S CC yy99 e $ CMLL4jAm0Y 55QQ•yy �m �S$W UEU' >mm°$ rrqSq VE nm uiw w33 ,2 55F x ddd �ii.9 Hao U J�v`o -amC � �S. Fc i 92 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- r +IA •5�g�.3�d�§i Eo °Y'S 19 ° 7�VIA oC�i Fi, �q °,� r. ea�°lw l."!: � Ey D z, o U m ?5,O� m vacF' 5'OE� °'2i A. .$ m�g S `° i.cC��>$�Q, p�p�.�° gug°g L`'a C.Mgg. gSc Go^9A- I 'O g��3rg1 L��u $ O°+,� y a mt`2gG�uei:."i 9°' aitl a pp E1 o u.~2_ �'u o':ay S1�5F?= E FYgo ii O -9 d1 O Q z .vc i� Em x- .. $ w Z3o0ou E g. a a- �50.E a c.9 Aw-� �O♦ 09 O y0 no � �•�e,x�E 81Cc n7Q8d m'� 50.i �.����' ��`�a� ����CIQ� y'oM'a�C BF O 9 'S •J '� ° •q°�nn 3p $ o Fp o9�SF9� IV 2�� _ HS�&" a° mm�• �.=_92°>k.gEg m °o aWS� W 3 Q��z•� em E fib �E �gfi3'�o3u'a � e..•J :� pia vpie ec S c6Ua mQ F'gE WiS oe�'Z S„ uS 2'9u tis9E.9 E3E w U-•� +E S o ��^gF��w �3�v Ft3 g BmB-e22 EE -a! Wffi `.$'d F�a 8'v `fid E50 5h° 6c� c BE��m 1-° °QGCS wm w Table 5. Result orwater que0ty aealyses on vmpla cdleded within Homkohau Harbor on April 3 and 10, 2006. Statim locations are shown in Fgpua 4. For each SWIM depth ofcoleclton is 02 to below the surfice(S) or 0.5 to above the bottmr(B} HARBOR Temp Sal DO pH Twb TSS Chi a NH4'02+NO3 TON o -P TDP Si Statim -C ppt mp/L NTU mWL ue/L VL ugh ugh ugh u8/L rg/L IS 24.4 22.6 622 8.12 0.34 7.2 0.12 <1 660 1840 22 86 10810 IB 24.6 29.9 652 8.24 0.22 16.0 056 <1 1% 589 16 65 6610 2S 24.2 215 635 &20 0.21 34.4 0.09 <1 590 1840 28 84 10320 2B 21.3 30.1 6.48 8.15 0.32 16.4 025 <1 210 788 12 79 5010 3S 24.4 253 699 &18 0.21 16.8 022 <1 389 1729 14 90 11220 3B 243 30.7 657 821 026 56.0 055 <1 404 660 10 79 5040 4S 25.1 24.9 6.31 8.19 0.16 56.4 0.43 <1 218 830 16 78 8830 4B 25.7 30.8 6.59 8.18 0.20 609 054 1.1 206 557 12 66 5320 5S 213 25.0 622 7.98 0.16 14.9 0.11 <1 520 1640 16 106 8800 5B 243 312 6.72 8.07 0.19 18.9 1.16 2.8 190 830 12 90 3704 6S 21A 26.9 6.24 7.88 0.14 18.4 0.16 1.1 5% 2160 22 98 7/99 6B 23.9 31.6 698 8.03 021 17.1 090 29 240 1200 m 86 6195 7S 23.0 26.4 690 7.91 0.16 14.9 0.18 1.9 640 2100 27 88 9768 7B 243 32.3 693 7.88 0.15 193 038 22 160 1090 10 78 2875 8S 22.9 28.9 6.73 7.79 0.16 16.9 020 13 430 1617 is 86 6738 813 242 32.4 7.12 7.98 0.15 20.1 0.41 19 120 798 8 80 2397 sw IMI 4w 8W m r A r taA r ar --------------- r r r m 4b r 84 488Y 8* r .a wa eat r,N r r a^ 4.1 r r 8118 NOW •r e811 Irl 41q r r r 4a• TaNa 6. 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E �, � gi q m a� F � � d `J w m ^ � w C s� qg 4 N r m 3 ,mac 6 N 1J' g u b m 3 6P6P tt m y° .� � y° C p'° .aS $'..� �+ v C^ io3 � r FZ O> mq G ov$ mo o u oX w r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- r w w r a' •N9wwl.iotlapngd ovaFNmnmF� i�x� 4 eaam<o e 111 • 'r d�ud�rvde 2g zdg m 7g r cLF A<muome.ox-a �p��e 4 un r Nw +r as. tr aw -------------------------------------------------------------- an B 4 yT a �p q F rJ' jj 0 W�F�Di�pQ E "z22�gg F'ao a• -'a E� gm 9.5 r c �mcm Ppo,G 'ger oo II�i5, S°o 8 ° rr c Y Ery 3�° van .5: ° S 1;, o S's oLg" a,0 E tWl E V � mx°$II�$ 8ace aw Table 11. Summary of quantitative fish transects conducted between Wawahi vat(Pinewees) Point and Kaiwi Point, Island of arH Hawaii on April 4-13, 2006. Locations of survey sites aro shown in Figure 11. Quantitative data are presented in Appendix C. Starian V Site A Site B @Q C5 S'T�5. o� c Site C Transat Shallow Mid Deep Shallow Mid Deep Shallow Mid Dap ON Total number 445 163 476 181 122 332 177 126 215 Number of species 23 23 28 25 18 24 17 22 16 Diversity 1.45 2.49 1.92 2.37 1.79 1.67 1.87 2.29 1.07 s- Biomass(g/mr) 275 99 204 82 51 79 231 56 78 4N1 a 94� 5 ,E h�e3m pi3�'Ev of Station Site D Site E 5 h Site F a$ ° 400 Tmnsect Shallow Mid Deep Shallow Mid Deep Shallow Mid Deep r Total umber 78 449 316 121 261 301 252 302 255 Number of species 18 20 20 17 26 23 24 21 26 - Diversity 239 1.21 1.63 2.31 1.99 129 2.58 1.68 2.58 Biomass (g/ms) 61 73 101 214 64 52 455 t00 211 Station She G Site H - Site 1 Transect Shallow Mid Deep Shallow Mid Deep Shallow Mid Deep Totals tuber 139 251 398 240 268 347 264 296 717 Number of species 19 22 27 25 28 26 20 27 26 Diversity 2.48 1.78 1.73 2.21 2.41 1.47 1.47 2.00 1.38 Biomass(g(m2) 95 167 166 63 102 46 159 93 126 as. tr aw -------------------------------------------------------------- an B 4 yT a �p q F rJ' jj 0 W�F�Di�pQ E "z22�gg F'ao a• -'a E� gm 9.5 r c �mcm Ppo,G 'ger oo II�i5, S°o 8 ° rr c Y Ery 3�° van .5: ° S 1;, o S's oLg" a,0 E tWl E V � mx°$II�$ 8ace aw 9 m G W O V a y $zm @Q C5 S'T�5. o� c a. 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P.uul09f. qu0q wl7 dmumplm ooltraul.ApN 3.2006,*Ifiu63au'GI4 W"Au Bov"OBIOd7-8021oo beuoo9-ge m Fpue 2 Sta CHIA Tub DO NO Tory PH at o -P TDP N0312 MN 1111411 TSS DMOOD (06(L) (NM (oWL) (PPO 6u5C (W) (u W) (VgfL) (42) (u W) (oOV (WI.) 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(.Wt) (IMI) (m81L) (W) dqC (47.) (U91L) (OWL) Dust) (ugL) (u4/L) (mgM1) TnwaA 18 IN 0.19 713 31.8 241 8.11 3466 3 10 AO 860 17 11.6 108 0.95 0.18 7.4 311 25.4 8@ 1171 3 9 440 780 19 13A IOD 0.77 0.14 7.4 321 21.1 834 1454 4 10 400 no OS 151 SOS 0.67 0.16 7.3 32.4 255 8.16 1691 3 8 306 566 0.5 15.1 508 054 022 73 32.7 24.6 8.03 1418 3 7 305 496 0.5 16.6 1003 0137 0.13 7.3 331 25.1 112 1927 7 7 321 4% 0.5 8.7 1%B 014 0.15 71 343 252 6.17 288 2 4 57 160 03 9.6 5008 0.18 0.17 7.1 33.8 253 8.16 414 2 4 66 178 OJ 4.4 5008 0.15 0.16 7.1 343 25A 8.11 165 2 3 120 126 03 111 Tim R IS 0.47 054 73 29A 241 7.95 4908 5 11 660 320 3.0 111 IOS 038 037 7.52913 24.9 7.93 51% 4 II 691 7% 4.6 112 108 0.71 0J2 7.2 N1.7 24.6 7.90 3519 4 10 452 752 0.5 10.4 SOS 0.41 039 8.0 303 341 193 35% 4 10 570 680 5.9 12A 50B OA 0.45 9.0 311 2613 0.02 2633 4 6 410 570 03 50.0 IMS 031 031 7.3 3013 25.8 7137 3271 4 6 350 410 2.6 9.6 1008 055 036 0.7 32.1 25.5 0.06 19% 3 4 61 302 23 14.4 5001 0.19 027 7.9 32.0 25.6 8.17 Ion 3 4 41 188 2A 11.6 Soon, am 020 7.4 333 255 8.05 451 3 3 29 178 3A 11.6 Ten c IS 020 0.12 71 332 25.5 0.17 282 4 4 160 302 03 14.4 IDS 0.19 0.12 7.1 33.1 251 0.06 114 4 5 48 135 03 114 1013 0.19 0.15 71 331 25.1 8.15 157 4 4 103 144 13 160 5% 0.18 0.15 7.1 332 35.1 8.15 1% 4 4 10 171 31 12.0 SOB 0A 033 7.1 33J 35.4 0.17 108 4 4 13 152 05 14.4 1005 0.17 0.16 69 333 25.5 3.12 308 4 4 3 98 OS 108 1000 0.18 0.14 69 34.0 25.1 3.12 77 3 3 4 120 03 112 SODS 0.13 0.19 6.9 33A 25.2 832 % 3 4 3 106 03 8A 5008 010 D34 7.1 34.4 25.1 8.19 19 3 3 4 116 19 113 Apps &B of xmr49siry mslymofmmpim mOaOdm Apri110,2W&ebvg Bee 6esNbv6hmlbe EOp4YW Ommtlrmm Smimmmmaw W9me FJ,.2 EvtcO CHLA Tmb w S81 Tm pH Si 9 TDP N0 TDOI M&N TSE 11F5(m) (WL) (13111) (mWL) Opp) &SC (PPO P%V (UWL) (0WL) (WL) (WL) NCIL) (.WL) Tm 1D IS 02 013 7.19 N.1 25 815 2% 2 4 40 116 03 92 10.5 036 0.19 6.97 34.1 252 8.14 M 3 4 32 147 1.4 74 IOB 03 0.17 721 N3 25 8.14 200 4 4 % 138 1.9 19.6 SOS 0.18 0.15 7.11 N MA 8.19 224 4 4 30 128 OS 14 SOB 0.17 0.16 7.W NS 25.5 934 168 2 4 16 146 1.1 18A INS 02 0.14 6.82 N 13 &13 N7 2 4 15 130 13 ]2 IOOB 0.18 02 6.79 N N &IS 170 2 4 7 % 12 63.6 SON 018 031 08 33.9 25 &24 198 3 4 24 112 03 15.6 SOOB 0.18 0.19 6.51 N N.8 825 17] 3 4 13 88 1.4 13.6 T.E I8 0.13 0.17 7.16 N 24.8 8.15 216 3 7 M 179 0S lab IN 0.11 021 724 N.1 242 8.18 166 3 5 38 178 OS 46.4 IOB 0.1 036 725 34.1 S.% %I] 2 3 4 % IH 03 174 SOS 0.11 0.14 7.14 33.9 24.1 (ZS117 147 3 S u 105 OS 1&8 HIB 0.12 027 6.% SAB 8.16 141 3 3 22 105 03 152 INS 0.09 0.15 6.91 34.1 N2 8.16 IN 3 4 is 136 1.1 6.8 10011 011 0.17\ INS 34.1 NA 127 113 3 4 10 105 12 119 SON 0.1 02 7.11 34.1 25 8.28 In 3 4 22 84 1.6 14 5008 0.11 0.16 691 34.1 NA 838 147 3 5 21 80 03 13.6 Appmdv A B®1b of welt' Om18Y e%pm o(mepml mOmmO m April 14 2006, 8m01 Ble bumms vtihie A< Kms %d Om mq5 m¢ 80rim bmim R 819m m Figms2 Seem CFDA Tub 00 581 Tamp pH Si K TBP WMN IDN N N TSS DFS (m) OWL) 0211A (6NL) (PPO 6qc (WL) (WL) (1WL) OWL) (.VL) OWL) (m{IL) T.A 18 1.14 136 747 31.6 24A 8.12 3484 5 9 206 325 03 02 IN 1.11 021 7.62 313 244 834 3609 5 11 400 610 03 W IOB 1.9 031 7.69 31.1 2,12 22 25)1 4 10 210 3N 0.5 18.8 SOS 0.82 021 73 315 243 8.15 1758 3 8 313 102 0.5 MA SOB O.A 0.19 - 7A7 32.5 NA 8.18 1356 3 8 110 201 1.1 N.e INS 0.18 0.19 M 32 243 831 1513 3 8 114 226 85 28 ION 035 021 732 33.5 14.6 &21 1105 3 6 W 156 1.1 N.1 SON 0.14 03 6.92 339 25.1 8.19 169 4 8 15 186 03 3&/ 50011 016 0.19 6.82 334 23.7 8.18 142 4 7 14 210 0.5 N Tnmen4B IS 0.91 033 &62 293 N.5 8 9029 14 16 no 815 03 254 IN IAB 031 891 29.6 24.1 S.% %I] 2 19 161 In 03 294 108 235 036 8.1 309 24.1 7.92 5600 7 16 460 566 03 294 505 0.11 OA9 SAB 293 243 9 7161 2 12 583 6T1 1.1 N 508 0.15 0.64 835 31.1 243 7.87 4%3 2 9 442 566 1.1 292 INS 1A7 033 7.79 303 NA 735 5128 3 7 362 436 13 254 INS 1.19 033 829 314 243 8.06 3517 2 4 242 361 13 N SNS 046 038 7.05 33.1 243 8.11 686 3 5 40 I]8 1.1 27.6 SWM 0.7 034 6.7 33.1 24.9 8.12 6" 2 5 14 1% 03 328 T.0 15 036 0.31 1.12 N N.9 833 376 2 80 IN 199 14 814 1N 033 0.16 69 31A 243 8.16 1747 4 8 210 315 17 25.6 108 034 026 738 343 25 8.19 289 3 8 IN 1% 1.7 16.8 SOS 0.18 029 724 324 25 8.12 5% 4 7 IN 206 3.6 96.4 SOB 0.16 0.19 7.14 N3 25.5 0.18 263 2 7 76 1" OS 26 INS 0.18 036 629 32 23.8 8.16 1751 6 14 180 360 OS 11.4 INB 0.13 021 6.15 34.1 N.1 u 216 2 4 % IN OS 16.8 NOS 0.13 0.17 6.R 33.9 243 834 3% 4 4 12 96 2.4 14 SW11 0.13 0.19 6.92 343 N3 8.16 10 2 4 5 % IA 61 wlW ------------------------- 49� I� 18� m im Appe A.&eeohsd-m quKRU w41yx4af lm wlhwdw Apd13.M ,.4 g Em64we"x86ads K( U Ohwdy 44a SmOw loouowwp�a0h F*.2 Sumo CID.A Tmb OO SO Ta PN 5t aP TDP NO3N TDN NNIN TSS DMI.) (,VL) (Dml) (OWL) (pW) d%C (98/L) (WL) (.VL) (*L) (NL) (NL) WIL) T9 D 54 026 0.13 7.62 M.1 25.2 8.11 267 4 4 40 IN 1.4 335 IN 013 0.12 7.44 34 25.3 8.11 322 4 5 50 168 22 23A to 01 0.13 9.62 34 81 8.11 209 3 4 IID lit 05 243 SOS 0.15 0.1 7.44 34 213 8.07 191 3 4 13 155 OS 25.8 ME 0.16 0.12 7.34 m 253 8.07 174 3 4 13 148 2 25.8 IODS 0.13 0.12 73 N 24.9 1.09 IN 2 4 14 146 14 166 100E 0.13 0.16 711 34.1 253 8.09 160 2 4 14 140 1.4 8 SON 0.18 021 6.78 33.9 8 824 198 3 4 N 136 US 20 SON 0.1 0.12 751 N 24.9 8796 173 2 4 13 140 OS 239 Tm E IS 0.08 0.12 7.01 34.1 24.7 8.11 255 4 5 40 160 05 18.1 IN 0n O.II 7.03 341 24.9 8.10 185 3 5 68 1" 03 192 IOB On 0.17 7.17 343 25 6.10 In 3 4 80 140 OS MA IN 0.09 0.09 7.15 34.1 24.9 1.011 153 3 4 14 126 1 22.9 lOB 0.1 0.12 7.16 342 25.1 8.09 162 3 3 13 130 12 19A I00S 0.08 01 692 3,12 N.9 8.11 163 3 3 14 132 15 295 100E 0.1 0.14 7.13 141 25.1 1.12 149 3 4 6 120 OS MA SON 0.13 0.1 722 34.1 251 1.18 176 3 3 5 115 2 M.7 500E 0.09 0.19 7A 34.1 24.1 8.12 197 3 3 3 98 I D fy AOOwdil A. 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(ogo.) 04TM (myL) (PW) ft (.WL) (-WL) (-WL) (98/L) (oglL) (9WL) (°4>2) TMoor4A IS 2.05 0.21 7A5 33A 8 8.14 756 3 9 190 2M 17 24.9 IN 0.8 0.18 721 33.6 8 1,17 AN 3 11 )66 302 2 IBA 100 0.99 0.17 73 331 24.9 SAS 529 3 9 60 215 OS 16.1 508 mE low 028 0.16 121 3)l 24.7 2.14 735 3 6 120 300 0.5 24.8 IOOB 0.13 0.15 1.29 34.1 240 1.18 335 3 6 26 216 1.2 17.4 5005 069 0.15 7.48 33.9 25.2 8.18 117 2 6 10 IN Is 216 5NB 0.12 0.18 72 34.1 24.9 149 2 7 8 N 05 203 Tw a IS 123 0.65 7.99 302 253 828 67M 10 R 372 480 2.9 20.6 IN 128 034 10.49 30.2 24.7 124 7399 12 M 456 568 6.7 162 IOD 5.0'7 038 10.59 303 24.9 824 6623 8 16 370 MO 33 202 IN 1 028 9.93 304 24.8 833 43M 2 12 300 388 23 203 50B 0.99 026 9.11 31.6 25 830 3426 2 8 220 380 1.8 83 INS 024 03 10.18 31 24.6 1.30 4979 4 10 326 396 3.4 33 IOOB IAS OSA 9.76 31.7 25 835 859 4 6 90 260 115 19.1 INS 054 021 7.17 333 24.6 832 718 4 7 9 120 3.7 221 5008 933 011 727 333 8 833 712 3 7 20 118 4.4 24.8 T.c IS 0.3 0.18 731 33.8 8.1 8.10 3" 4 6 10 180 13 17.9 108 033 0.14 7.31 33.9 8 8.10 407 4 7 206 260 03 12.1 MB 025 012 752 N 8 8.00 81 3 6 110 188 18 25.1 IN 027 0.13 7.2 33.6 111 8.07 366 3 6 IB 276 1A 119 NIB 0.16 0.16 724 339 25 8.10 IM 2 5 10 210 OS 191 INS 031 016 7.N 33A 24.8 US 722 5 6 N 310 12 26.7 1008 0.11 0.17 7.8 MA m 11.10 2N 2 4 IS 180 IA 205 SON 0.12 0.16 7.32 34.1 241 &OB ISB 2 5 5 168 2 712 SNB 0.12 9.13 73 34 8 8.10 IR 2 5 S 173 2 221 eq an as ma lV ss eq qIO CTp PftOfIIF4-N1406 TgwnM �4y GI NS 1S0 ]6A a e i —., i d u t' ' l: 9 3 >s .j � - >o - —Alyp _Opp......Clyp �. �.DYA�Q(O RIIO IIOTMI$'N6G �wrn W 4 W Ls w ...._ l� fL g 39ID A H f �a d 8tl ,} ,t �� r { O iom rn..on�a.riw. *�+—�wa Nn ve )ea sr' V i' Wbwl �ro �µ a ..................................... _............ �� a �" �O I IIXD CID PftO'LE9-YtY06 �N OM a » ac a� m n e ...._................ u,...,...� --- w ...._ 16 fL g 39ID A q1Y CDIDWlIIffi �N�I06 WiF Y1C fL 8tl ,} ,t �� { a —®-._.�......® IIXJ GID IPORm-gYOY Wbwl as ..................................... _............ e �" i 8 �m. m __._.__ a e O ~L t rte__ ALL i` i t I `Ayy i Horn amwes.uan `Ayy i d .e fYL( Sa a a a `Ayy i d fi a.weae.aeeluq_quer_1.riemoummo+enmi.aiq.gweeaama.mpe.�slumrro.s nw.aemo._w.eMeaxorq. tl IDa pqp ep'an q tlep tl N i to a yph aa_aae. wvnaae.a�rpaamo•a.am.igwewam4+.avr_mamagwmlwNa.xopryo%.aNeaa. rigwame_a,NilnPoMaaa%w _m tl 000 Ptlq 0M/Na q q_0. tl 0.e i v0. a PaA'tla N O lu ., 1 ax Mn% N.x aft aAX 0.x am lm wN{ ax aa% 0.A% aN4 a.x am aa16 0.x E aft 0.,x p.N{ ,Ax I'm EA% 2 ft am all% nx am am aq am aft 6p4 ax aft ax ,.x aM om aft I. nAs EA% am 0.A aN{ ax aft a. ax aft n0.% BOB 0..O% ax aa% . ax am aM ax aft TN1 aA% m aft am eal ww, aw ao% o0.% 0.o% aft nn of ov% aft eA% am a ax 0.M MA% px ab% aft 4x 0.a% ax aA am ax aBI6 aa% B. 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C -.3c I�°gN TgE9o�9$„�fi 14r. fie 5�Rov8; ll 1P, E8 �'��s i4 eyy H i �7ggo 'P 4'-eoo�m�e- rte° 3."fie=rA'p3�fiG a.- E i• Fk g9 c� E o�g�g-sa �Sy�I�S,v�• v�o��o �DoW-21�m ub'��q�q�c� �}1 5�'y � ,e9.. x.0 6�UL'OW UC E3Fc�ne3_9�'ab aW iSl m�+u.5 °°�G 2'1a@�� IIID r 9 e LL 0 o a a N N h G N O m°YB n=Oi1M *d ei n Qi � d h d MM=O W d .p Ch P m Appendix I Wave Penetration •+ By Moffatt & Nichol rr Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ir V Y 2 — - �■�,_.r: �k ! t - ƒ L2 | ] \K|!«wEwI $!&,eEo — .\ ,} )§ !# r «« - _ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - _ § !t; _LU! ui _ } /| _ § _ § - - L"mta iE-cc8a �'^e rrQ v4 �ei .Ej-dc�.�m mc�58y v�s .��b �`o mL m n y° -E$ stlm �m;e.E5.23pm End 1 zq5 ; m Si.�Wm�.=� c ajy,Em Lio' 0 t_o a IaEZ E$+y E=m�dc Wow c m-L°c?+ vi.m ¢aa E E E E E E ac -°EE O$ v n m -=p SpnP m� Z �d • 0 0 0 0 0 0 m$nW L m ZgyLLcm3g aC 3°9« ESE my�> w n o u x x x � gmmc m r O C W- g g a n m m G` _ oyy c_E+$g .�N c m W as q a`om S -(g ��.cE mpwp me �i m'� yn°' LwE a �.� `xT-o ^ �S $` �vg1 ._aororo.,2¢ WLL @mowmm8;,op mmn C = vLE p6''fi35 cS mt'W3=Sm�a troz. cc �ma E g t aN@3 .0pC `mLY�S �C$SowS'4lOjCEnpe 1IE_qCCx =LN�$.�wW. acqmGm��$r�LLWtl°s3WQ[w C0em°Lay-mCtlm�3omEm� -.�Wc_°oN_ W'• LZ558 2 z p 3 6a OmO$mR$ccm0.ydtl °G 0 -C mNf.ULLc^n�`a P u 11 gguAt , u Z S w F mgm928 d� m S C� =; 5�mmEOb ° Q m�V �a5 m H4 'a' Ems E= EL^ Wag e p w°mv«Op 2 . � L m3 alp @� Ea. 3 aEw�`m o Lm�=c acmQ m'v tS m E W= a mO ca1 Lm W.e Is M= a�^ �. v o P1 EE mA3�EL`N o$ •$-RE�m Ea- 'p x�am°m-° Sc �X aPE $ca wL' mTo m9 @O EM`ms o. c.oigym�om '° aam'� m mma E d cof. wcSFFmo pmmm� m wq asVii Z= zlie C3c gL3�.5 33Cc2 <«fN op 0Oi'O o mjx 2J am! m5o `mm Lo Lm3�5 N QAL t9 m m'_ e��m Nf-ciam LQ«S�� �qCm NFa W a� Y C4 4.4 wLL9� 01% ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ WW wW e.w a ZEA EcmSc a°a- ° c 7v=9£o c 9 £ w m m E two jy 1 V.5. -.s _ ° C0 aryN inC m m $ m C -C'SC W ,-mo ipp.'ll A F0] 4 q� « a € m C loft tl- 3 01 1La C aC N_ tl «m S n ...I W.5$ d N U QS L N C a a^ L t C `o wEEe.. 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El G — ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I = I �a a m 0 i I �s coca ig sc 2 I ' = ' ' 9 �Yl YYY egg 1 Isea�l H1d30 - r Appendix K Cultural Impact Assessments 2006 By Taupouri Tangaro, Ph.D., Ku `ulei Higashi Kanahele, William Mahealani Pai w rm ti $ oda a, N NNl V VOh�ONMO�(�1 sm�m3.- �gNNNN N N N NCN O F � F�3 � .a� Y ipsp i3i �ig w 0 °¢ T 8 o 0 i ~ Cd b 3 c ii i iris i 43 Y O i E' i t i 4 ' O v ,. rr x F '�5a i mXE v a :u U �c' v _ E �p5 O $ : o w 9W `� .o fie$ u' 'Qlm�eamiv`� f'oc A9 5"z S do 0�9Y 0 0 0... a °o gaUF� F OOZw m y a e O 6 a Q€ x' d �' uCZ d gCq'OGGQiC y Li Y O u b Q Ltl 6 Z O O Y y L C. 5d3�U� 14xaxz z L L aaM. aY a 8 O o F e W 2 4 4 4 r 4 Y U U U U U s r A ---------------------------------------------- rr r oda a, 4 o�'co r sm�m3.- u',�� 3 a 3 NCN O F � F�3 � O w 0 °¢ ~ Cd b 3 CZ 43 Y Z� O v ,. rr x rr r oda a, 4 o�'co sm�m3.- u',�� 3 a 3 NCN O d�j�� oYwx F�3 � I Z w W A M- 3 `V a y m o tA c ° L' U w T 410 �( so ta 9 p6 i'y ii GG pp m a � � o b i y� 5 g ,t y •+ y gg a 5� o 4a9° ix V 0 4 $ o 0 0 0 2 0 9 a g 9 F a 3 a a x u z u Z w W A w U e 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- o E xNO3� �c x .80 az 3 .+� S.• ? -� ' E e m ° a` E 4�' x S o aE o '� 2 a a ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ w� h r. .u.a� a p S O W '05 .6 E o g R o e 0 ° m p 5 ° p m ° � m $ A s h $ a ? 5_ w gg m� m .f -i 5 `o v g p y g6 15 O Yi V Y p° O a w O U O 6 Eu -9 :Oil ap c a $ Z12 8 m gym.. r m 5 r O F z ZQ S 4 O O Q 1, pC G J x i c e gti o i$ ` u c ?.^ e 8 ao O i yy g Ya o u f v a 3 s` p u e 3 T ¢ B ac U u y' ''� E g o m .0 � 'a 5 y 3 o w x 0 °u 5 r O F z ZQ S 4 O O Q 1, pC G J x i c e gti o i$ ` u c ?.^ e 8 ao O i yy g Ya o u f v a 3 s` p u e 3 T ¢ B ac U Yew i r. S T$ Y 9 • = a S r a ? a Er c p 9 a u o a w e g o m w a, z 3 ro • S r e N a s 8 Yyw ° 9 ��`^. m Z.-0 CY 5 0 9 a A 0 6 g' '$m G?G ,°,• o o �° fi F i YNI Lo ggta low9 °= � $, w } r ase �• y m 3 9= 3$ R ° ws� d 3 a fi m A �• a o .°. 'S g 1° gy 3 3 a° `'' y '� [°. R1 �' � ,o o - ° m 3 O CC • fi 'g' u l' � 'S• u°i 5 ° ° I�.' x. w 'e y C C a S. a 3 v a J� 0 • v i .j = m 3 Nvo m e E > 5g9 •$ �d a 'e c 5" °U9° .o a s •r �°. YeY o T o r 9 ���jj �_ p 4 8 St" a W E µ ryp '% 4 06 GG y O C 0 o u. 'o a c J" ia Po a ai 3 yc a 2 IA Y,w ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i Yew i r. S T$ Y 9 • = a S r a ? a Er c p 9 a u o a w e g o m w a, z 3 ro • S r e N a s 8 Yyw ° 9 ��`^. m Z.-0 CY 5 0 9 a A 0 6 g' '$m G?G ,°,• o o �° fi F i YNI w r w ----------------------------- w r w g' � m Sx� 5 �Iml L O r r � 0 6 L r y 5 ° 0 � o e c w o `o m � m E u u i W E 3 m u w m u Y o Y c s° w r w ----------------------------- w r w � Sx� r y s'u Y v w� -• o m 3 c •A L � F S2 0 94 E= Z O9 i 3 � � § | \ � \} - � )f - i \\ \) - /k - \\ - )\ - � k \\ - - � ;] - § | @ \ � \} � )f - \\ \) - /k - \\ - - [7 \\ - @ ohm g5m3 �� a y o m E c ,Y, '$ a Og[ ,o 3 H$ 3 .E E .� :5t a ^ D q Y T p T G E y O q S a m m a Fa eo .S E o F< a. n n E r c' u o h V t gy •E yy D p Y Y pp 5 D g .84 m E E `m .�' a c 3 ''� ,S a L g 3 9 ?4 pp 6 l m < WJ y t4 's' n u c m c m o e g woX" tg ti El15 O 9 L �� E s '° °� II c m u w 5N'. v $ �, c O 6 .a -Z 6 v o 9 c c o m v �i gog qq g v` 3 y' e Z a ° •u 3 3 � u a ° a'F �` '9u � � 5 v L � m .` 5 .3 — = ; o o C Y u o ° g o u 3 p T O 4 1 E m o v a 2:1 i 6 g w T � ^ � 6 '•-� � L S t � ttl E '`i O .S ,5 G O � JF � p U � � 3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m. o p $ a O p % G AN $ c Y 9 40 Z s E E k" a 8 �.+' ' < 5 o 5 E� wo ce r� � � t n u 8 i� fJ rLi. O m E fD O O O C N p 3 8" S eEF W a g $ v= R r k fi7Fi o Xo 9 Y= •c e s m c w° ° y o y w a° " B i0 n k a c m c L' r 3$ r E= F` a E X E 3 3 X w.5 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- m. $ p Z s E E k" a 8 �.+' ' < 5 o 5 E� wo ce r� � � t n u 8 i� fJ rLi. O m E fD O O O C N p 3 8" S W a g $ v= R r k r = r 5 x F s o S w m E y o '•ted `d 3 a a �� > � 5 a � v '� o S � S � c = om � s � Q -• � 'e -2� x °Y x' 'S ; 3 CCC' x [y Y 9 O � r � � BE c Y 3 X c a 4 5 F9 S .-�. n$ F i4 ' S � c' L n x E x iG Y U •• _ p O Aft .•9�YY u� E u w o E e L c m 55 � a. ^ < � r cy a ::1 s gg y o C ta B eFI n a' x � g y m •x em a °m c o m ms � pe a� � s y$am° Ja � s S 5 y�� ae Lp y 0 G ... N L� V L• Ly 6 5 t E M In O � p MI E T A c ta-• q�q a E w m x vol w m �mg E x@ u' u L a 'e3 ° 'o v W' X •� n y¢ e $ g yy x ` �a 4� : id C^ U ° Cy •ii L y C e g -g w o IMI Qa c •• y, g c m Y,. Sw A ° `o .� y '�EE J°m •n m o � a' L' � 'S C' C Y �° PG 9� y •W °o .�°� A -a � v .q�q E N E a ��� 9 4 a C a g .E > a. 3 0 m y� m b o 4 N C y ,j � '3 s ° o 0 -BE a w m � {]' G' 'E .� 4 'Y L 9 U •y • u� � C Y� �.• 51$ b � t�i) Y r .99 M• c _. g a c u v` 6 .00 q 'V W J' G� .� JC a G _ 9 x m tJ N T u C J- m O SO• x� O C r m __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ m w .. u rg o � $ o E u$ a 9 n 5 c$ c • � ° o � m O 6 V a V i M• 9 o s y m a r 6 ap T T L 1 cC1 U 4 L 3 y 9 a 2 OA B W N u N � 3 ee m e� EO W _ y `oi � a $. t � 0.p '� L' �• � O r 9T9 O EJ .10 OR S -9 c c a 2 0 Yt ° a $ Em e s U p r .B Y k u ff YlY w Z' o c 8 ° > z V S O ,� o m a= g'$¢yypp $�, w=Sa �Z akco 5 y'a2m ... uV°6.g^ca8 a 9_aa �;r^cdy`a .a com iffl" �s `a -8e 'y'n 4x���� ��iF :E "os3': s°e •, s`e Appendix K Cultural Impact Assessments 2001 By Pualani Kanaka `ole Kanahele v OTO. GNNN N m m NN V V Nv�vfnrrd� ^mmT p N q .905 P V m �1 a g o a = } pT 'ad! 8 a ! a gwg "pas3 WW3 rrq�l ^� �ao.a •"�F-�i¢�4 L E, a P. ,� wV W y .5G5 QN3 XiWSNi4 u � m r� U c C G � 8= s � e a r r � o g .ua mgg�.gz? �o 5� 38aAil Wi 54 �P as ,@9y9.5� v +� B�Z• gpgo y�°'�, $'��gA{ �,q8 336 .y 2•m El .5 c gy o g 'O c `o `@ 8 a'- "3 a 5 . g ' `�'`�. •Q fl r+ ?.10 ggg S o• 980 :��•� °eQ`y�•�,ya'�gg Q��9�� a.�'w5 •��� �'£��� .9�a e& 1%[-FoFtA tF'3 �dG� r rr 5g @ L S a8Se a9$ u' m @ 9 Mw 'a 9 $, 3 B a n .d 2 a a �e&a5 4 wm u9 dao. ew�8 114 d oa 'a1fl, �Eu ffi •°m °m m �35a c.E� yry 5 0 8 �. °�0 00 Om000 OOOa 8 � 666 6 0.� w 205 E,� 5> eJg E$ o�.g 8 a-i.°� � � n� '+•'w ,,, 3.95'8 5 0 �� E A��•�npp a ��qqqq �,� ° ,��� S �p��� 80851i o _a g. •�9 �T c''8n � � my � a 5 o° � O �d SNnEi Ea F'io���o � g w ii •a° Ma.52OM � HI -g S R IM�6� I9�a�a � a 5Pill '.A .9'3 a;3 I -V I'• g0 .$9� •d s,'4Q� m�VS.°a� '��d.u��� ,d �� �a�•`5 ..9.595vy 1 2plot, q$ i 1-0-k .J •o tae Fa&..'0:�9 g 11 a° C , glaim '�•� '9 —°a�� �paa g�gy p. u o •e r ilau ,°988. °'� k.' o B � 3 p -S GOA �p m•�-pW °c ooa.a$ Y.-,�-'e 8 GOA •c �g�N� lly.` I Ila 1 0.„ am I gig ° r 7j 2+r°•S 5'.;�u... g�3 a.a o �Sy .gS p 3 j ��3��.�9.�F5Y 9.��.•�pp3yp'yp k �r'gab o��ge'8 Y �°�i ��,6�$oa m� 3'o'36.W tti �•a ,2°P .�aaLe fr &'Bc I I_ - - - _ - - i -- ----- ----------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- E.0 ' g v ' S '�r�9 � Fc � � � m� g a•3 u q'�.g 9 $.o$ jan gmgk 2 °9U0'9$.5 A.90 .9a og m s �8A egg d a c _ gg o xg�3a� aJ'E -'Yg4 '� �a 5 � 5� E� � cc���'� ��wO �'.�� 5• 5 °G ;g�'�ar ogdp � a,m� � y'�Y� a $9•�3°9�� >`sm�e �y'o d •4s ]Z 'S !d � ... 3y 9ay, � pp 'pap+, o '$j $ Ua•O Yi-''l Y0. m'.3 V Y g ° � �C��li U°.�W S'O� S i Y a a 8'� a p��� ° O `9 Oy C ii q x y A p m O i SII Y a F 8 S—Jos w a 2 A3 -$3 'a �S Y�8 9 IIII ________________________ y m y �', 7XXm � g❑pp 00 0 w 9�o5R'i4m�° � a9 1Fwm9 ;oRax R qqwm� d" o.5a �5'°qg5 otj O a�G' Rfi q ?'�o'�'gg •oo .a �pp �,�39�7^�do� :4�xx o�4 �" a �$.v o ��' i 36xgvG., Dfik.°Y 2:5opm m 4 z m1i�R.9m�m ��c9m ?��$�a'o'r �z��8�5 c i��.ggu$'., w�8 58a�a3 uaS BrOa ,�8w 9- — e I u gg ••gg g Y Y9 O � .�a � � o •��f s ,� g � - : � y� � � � � � ON$@�x �W O YneY� Y•�-'P.O-1•�i%3 0 9 }u1 gg m m aaaxMw-1-MSmFS 1-lip. I AFg A1>s5q--a�4 we gym pg5 1 T4 FF xi'�v�i rmn i7 m a�3s��6.ssg�•�w. ;ao k' °o ,�3S�. ��a•?�e°,S3R o�$Y o� �2 �op°p.°o ��$ a3oo 0 a Ala 6 i3£ C p^� yyy � U 9 ��$ ,9 �C•8p'I mi�.S°5�y ggy a 9' g4 m ��qq9Cy° ugta` v9F �?�wmat a �— 0' p2. g'-'• 38 a°.9. '�'g c�ptpmv.g9 U � m�'9 � _g^ .W g.� g� Lrd p y'PG g�.� ��a ggrm��y,y go'9 �'�c uOmC a y_.1 m0 e fi W�.S �.�'•S apo 9..g9y Sill So:S�•gS o, pg'�G32 m �b� p •d� 'S=''�°:� r�' mSF°gp�l;� gy Q '�9 a y :°a S� g9 •°R ggpj?St. R�y ''gip ,eq$" .�3tl 117 •��a Oa vJ £' � .m. 0. U SII y � 0. •-• f1 °�'� 'Jp � g 8 p � 3{ U i •p vp � ..e. G 'p 5 �i A gpyp pp gs9 Tgy� p y g•� ?� WV ° aUd .y43 iL.�q.9°''c$•�yg.9 Q�•�? �'+y ,Zm��, SI81'19°o°oa�m48 .o�•9 YYa m" �a> -ss�a g 5•>�or'�•s>s.9�9�aa ��8�a�a�$ a J 5 �r I` Alr 1 � Ir a ak _t y P ' d JI 22 y ' f 1 i J � S Yi 1 tI I f v Y� t n' i �k � \ - G ƒ 'All MA .Jv2 =2 �|!k) !\ k 44 ■E !| e k! k -1| !! � �■ ! � k ; ! � f . w RR s� 9 o m u E Ei .Jg9uo - F v 9 g 8 sj F °gp 5 � 9g v Vis$ •� - ______________________________________________________________ ii 9 nmA u�95'S w'oO o. royp & et "m � C 6� O O E W�j r p.m a Ovy tj o• -e 5u m m.fi Gq�q wfCa gn'egg a °° E'e .9 °S'o o E qomv oo�-5�5 q:gS o.ae g9�u m z50.y oo 4�m� °�m.g, S sea�o 9 o y ay. E l l iAw - A w r r - am w- m sw r ,{ r ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,VG ag F T y'.wq .�p1 i j maa o;ja1 C c o p Y O �vL$m� YGw� V6 lY� _ a s F Y8 ig wo r §� |k ■ w�©. ■ _ , _ -- m N a N N w W PM aft po Will a N Yir YiA N jai m t v a�gg age yy ti�� C 6� zia� a ° m` 8 a 4,5 S is `o {&Sv ` x x � op�op�5 all j0 8-8 JAue�OcP'� se'����a � S�d•�e S Boa � r r v r a_ o � w z s a w v 4 3 9 i � o _ o U r � c w P. � o � a O A r 0 MI1 a � c 'O ao x n j 11------------------------------------ m i1 � u w v 9 s c U r P. � o � O A r { MI1 m i1 ,.r Appendix L Archaelogical Inventory Surveys 2006 By Haun & Associates W r Ir r r 6Esa11;In 31 h=lak "k���Be ijs$ 65v$ n1 11$ e3Iaa ��g��� E f ; m gni-€x� d5.i g� ag �_� 6$ F4 5 4112, m ll $M 5 _a a" �¢$-is 2 171 tl 5 a xae.� F 5� 3E 95ge DA 3a$ 8�� £ K ' 5 5g. gig '.4�9 s4gg lotJAI p 14-:41112 g. g n ff W11 58 9 llAN Is x9_m $yggem§: s�s`2g2g E79 5xx55t $$'55 N } uj } Z W ? o w IL J LU Z Y rr U y Q Z w Z _ a LL Q Z w Q x M 0 Z � VJ wn r 6Esa11;In 31 h=lak "k���Be ijs$ 65v$ n1 11$ e3Iaa ��g��� E f ; m gni-€x� d5.i g� ag �_� 6$ F4 5 4112, m ll $M 5 _a a" �¢$-is 2 171 tl 5 a xae.� F 5� 3E 95ge DA 3a$ 8�� £ K ' 5 5g. gig '.4�9 s4gg lotJAI p 14-:41112 g. g n ff W11 58 9 llAN Is x9_m $yggem§: s�s`2g2g E79 5xx55t $$'55 N } uj } Z W ? o w IL J LU Z Y =i J x Q a W gY Y O U y Q Z w Z _ a LL Q Z w ti O CL 20 � O N ° O. o ti x M 0 Z � 19 0 i O 4 m 1 ttVV LL 0 0 0 0 0 O� N p $ n n n n n r m m E E a s n n n a w w (D x Q m U *6m w x q m m 6 y y y y d d d d S m IL IL LL LL Y. 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Wmog a andnyy ,y om8i3 T�afaf lesAr'..wxdMnn /nrnMcin K�keke and Aeaknolu (COWL) T hfe I. rnad lbmm .nAwar k in Kmiakeke and Kmhmfu mo_o_oo____�momor�a_ o®■©■o��0000®omo� ��■■■�■0000■■�■ 0■■■ MEN 13 mom ■■■■■■©©�m■■■■■■ __mC=©____�_ m000_o©00000r�r�oo�_ 000__o______�000r_ ____ ■■MEN ■©mmmm■■■■■■ _____ _____ .______mo m94 o ©oma._____ wim ■■■■�■■ t7m�0M■ ■■■om©■■S■ ■■■ ■©■■■■ C=lm MMEMM ■�C���o ■CC�mo...0 ■■■■■■0�■■■■mom■■■■ ma T hfe I. rnad lbmm .nAwar k in Kmiakeke and Kmhmfu o®■©■o��0000®omo� ��■■■�■0000■■�■ 0■■■ MEN 13 mom ■■■■■■©©�m■■■■■■ ■■MEN ■©mmmm■■■■■■ DD©SON m94 000m wim ■■■■�■■ t7m�0M■ ■■■ C=lm MMEMM ®' as 3 '� z$$�g 9 55 g iia U � '8"'aa.my�Q.Eg_gSS! 1 x'33€ °gH •g 6b y5s � �Fn � '9 ���v$ 3 'j .. y gA. $9 `I "S$a•ka Sd i mI @ g X Rw i + X B gtW� g&,¢4111, ��§ Ifigi RIF 2 IN 315 -• .9b@9 g @5't g Table L Land Commission Awards in Henlakehe and Keabuolu (cont) .r.N,A�n •tee"' $fS K �e adr. ....., /,;/rte° o ,/f,�lx~a°�?'` •• p;.,Gi ... w. ,a!r'oi+t' Figore 5. Portion of &merson's 138os Map of Ksilm 979 8<g 399 all! se g� s 3pi 94j- g 0178.1 F Ell 3 7i'3 9 a' an 6 -x� ax�gs,esXx�.z eke ��a H 4 g '� x•sH'� �taa �p�ass°'Ftoo $ a�= � �x°�. a -11 app Az 0t_ Tobk 2 Sw MoJftepiv vAmha kgtrd Work 10 rx�utMp H�No%O\HAU' 1 - — ' uy.v� fmnpm�aM�eOM M ��`` xoNox Ko"^" 1 x� ❑ swine,, (\ - r }_-_ -_-_r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Irrllwmop r�runMi \1� \ •'•• Figure 6. Previus A=heeologiml Warlc ©o�om�mmommom©omo�. o©omm�omo���m�000mo. �o©000m0000�o����©oma ��o�om�0000�oom��oo© ii�1���O0�Om�m������0�� �aoo�m000�oo�o©m����� ©oommo©�o��oom�o�o� ��o©000mmmomoom �_�o�© MOM— �000m�mmom����oo©om ©oo.omom.o.■om....o m©�moom��m��������o m0000000mm©000mm 10 rx�utMp H�No%O\HAU' 1 - — ' uy.v� fmnpm�aM�eOM M ��`` xoNox Ko"^" 1 x� ❑ swine,, (\ - r }_-_ -_-_r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Irrllwmop r�runMi \1� \ •'•• Figure 6. 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OW YII zol JIM!$@a e 5� 9 lm fires § .'E:T r$G.s-w£9�c.a q 5$ 3' m• gs � s ° 9; 34 • � � 5 Ins ;e �� s �®11�5� � �g§$ I.g �-TIMI I x11.1 1 x5ll vLe x58'So $9 R w $n My a55 �05 5�.99a E @.gyy�� .ES pe FFgk$g'Fg �X�@gg5 nq$ b— Ca '8. 3 l.,; 441 g>Sa" Jl Sri a x€=yyam p� nes $a'S $4B g 8_ tl sd.X� m���g� �SS��Nk x�u�L °�-°-�'0�9 .�C3= ��� �F•O� Fes- ,"2_s3."c TU -7 - &m Fxe 0 Uya i -Vay pak bm (I0Y 5)moa mWbt .hh 5M.Mk aeapebbk ieclvdam; Womwam mmiveehdl pmseoi laya 11-e mh while(7,5YR 0) d; WmawOmmmkeebdlpramt 0 Figure 8. Profiles of Ns 7 and 8 Excavated in 5md Areas TU4 - amW Face a 25 SOw loyal-e�abuh.c�k 0.svwaz>m ae.u�a: w.aewwn manes mdimmmn h Qr' u a E 4 N v r �eIecI 111°1,1!1,' r r $ �i! I R• 1 i n�. 1! ww r III IfillI1 a 1 111 �$$""•�°••. 0 $ $•$•$$ C Ow q0 e � '. "$$$�' aaa $ m� �' $ a $ a $$ aar $$$.sp$$ aaa����aa 3 'w w •�" a s ���� a s m�aa � 1 1 ll � ISI I I I J II III A I' A A RRARAAR R AAA-AAg9. 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A 5 5 38"eeS9s 8 e5?5666 6 6 6 6 56656 6 6 6 6a a aa55�a r Yku r r R R• w n�. ww r a NM r w r w r w r a 0 V C Ow q0 e c ay w� 3 'w w r I S F Sj I __ _ _H R R - R--- S p=# 17 A R R a p g ie yy 4 011 g8dai g FaC �ye8 m u'a : r tl9tl9tl9 �j�� RP Ilk] �q HH2 r ------------ r r W r I � 3 �a 'F5 Y +g,3 X g p€ ; Ye Yk2 d G 3 G yy8 yp� V P &� A N � A A � A N � � •� � A is � � •�J �R � •� � � � •� A A •� ems{ r ------------ r r W r I MU lilt HN 5$g@8 i nob aE9 Ag�__gg s"i S & 8 yaed y�5pp�y .y�CC3833�5� _��99.pg€.g3,�_9g�9� o5 d�,°o§• ''c 933 mn'Bu1 n�25 �P��E.� 5 a a — sy C S C USNU 3�[c�6 3 fry ;q a�•�� EE 5 e'•N �'h L•fr �Sg� 9YyR�� Ills M�,6m s�- ^'a � � H � >I^ qp s 02 _8'9x8 �����.� �fr " U^ fr � vp"w € .9A fro ofg �.'ggg,: "22o cdBys� ~F 6�=F+ o DISE ��vrvnn 1 �e'�Fa �� es Sg 9� n� m� y Epp 44 „.9 r M w 9 EN o Z �e. 1+�1 Mtl� ��a5 a w F8�3gggg a I� USNU 3�[c�6 3 fry ;q a�•�� EE 5 e'•N �'h L•fr �Sg� 9YyR�� Ills M�,6m s�- ^'a � � H � >I^ qp s 02 _8'9x8 �����.� �fr " U^ fr � vp"w € .9A fro ofg �.'ggg,: "22o cdBys� ~F 6�=F+ o DISE ��vrvnn 1 �e'�Fa E w Sg 0 $� y Epp 44 r M w 1+�1 .r 6E e e o a wv av iloFlN USNU 3�[c�6 3 fry ;q a�•�� EE 5 e'•N �'h L•fr �Sg� 9YyR�� Ills M�,6m s�- ^'a � � H � >I^ qp s 02 _8'9x8 �����.� �fr " U^ fr � vp"w € .9A fro ofg �.'ggg,: "22o cdBys� ~F 6�=F+ o DISE ��vrvnn 1 �e'�Fa w w r M w 1+�1 w w A w .r E U 0 ------------------- ZtV a •- a it 36 a 3 e f Z 2m e v 4 V W 6 < 6 < < S - - S ' - - R1--Iddd p o g p d i v 9=5 i S i c U m U 0 d v. 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H�g me9p .g 9c �o y" g 9 Et `e s'E"s'o cs8m ,i3 s�y�y5s�.3 Mines, j F� 2 m ag F�w F` SE M 3g es, rZ a �^s .5Feo°t a gas SAI-. �a�;_ 3w � LIM SSB g5s5 s � rra5��ao Ais�.5.i ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fill gg ,gg gg gg 3 pp a FF99{g FFpp 6 Ntlyj!!� tla y@6§ �+ ry S S ry ry .5 A A ry m _ 9 9x R n F A 7 a F, t3 smt 6 ^+aaaaaaaaaa�aaa"a"a a a as 'Aaa a�a"aa°a^ y� s" IE Jj y E'd a�p6'�gxj $Eye dog➢�� 8 ------------------- F F F G F F F„^ FF F FFFFM9 M ; M FFkkFa„ E�=r3BM====R:^E9?E�E� ----- -- ----- -- - - - °---_ - _-- i ------ Dg19-=--- - ------ =----------------Y - - - --. ------------ ^g RasaR'a mmx.. 3s�;R agRe$�3Rsa94�ae$$e99 R a� a Rn�9R€_a A age 8•$ 8 $ $$`xsRaR�R?S$R�$� - $ RRs A RR. -- $ ��RR$a - e $ � R a ------------- � <7.4 -<-<Zi47 24Y42mg4i4mmgmm7Z4877 ------------- P� 7 7Z 7 fl9-<7 -<-< 2 4 m'27 " umm-mm-- ........nm>a.>mf ------------ 44@1 Y 4$ z �Ydii4 3 3 14 n< y� s" IE Jj y E'd a�p6'�gxj $Eye dog➢�� 8 ------------------- ------------ ------------- ------------- P� ------------ y a < m --------------- '�F ABE996=R_: G G q XFq�CX R A F 8 SRAAX r S i S F:_9�a RRRRRR R RRRRRR R RRR R RRRa9 x. tlSflkR flGRe56RPSdA TiRh fl6G6SPiiCd a a R QRRRGR FF.'.FAN F 'n A 'n 'n FF. - . .-.w n A'nF F 999FF F'n 'n FFnn-1F 98 omiaa ale 9 38_9_a 8 gas a ada9a a 9#9E as ____-a-:: ..... .......... _ _ - . ___-__ ... . . . .... Fee X Ali i F � 9.3 9 1®® .9 & j i 9 A }'sade'a�a5�?m's 3 a .ad�aa s aas 3 'aae3 g e e a5:3a 1155$ :RaaaS n 11 IT 15 $ $z6 a S$$I$$R:as99$x � 4s.4.m4vim i< 4 442444 4 ism 4 44444 m m smmm44 $�Sa 9 ffi TE ® m $6Rm3d w ----------------------------------------------------------------------- M �i RS33S �:-_£964XXRF=R3_P �y9gc r Rik€iR$$€®_E�RXka�RRRRRR�f�Bk X_ FFFFFF ------ ^^ --- --- "seR�aeR�a�va=§lova�aad�$vaa;e ... 4444-<-<m 4m444m mm m4m44m4m 4444-< x. tlSflkR flGRe56RPSdA TiRh fl6G6SPiiCd m`. �Y ySS �'gR�pCa m`��E�E�a 65 0yg6'3Q0 ��3.g�a gcy y, `o AR Bt p sig m e E e m 8 c's f�a w -tilt tl 1 SPP�j Imp P.mO : = s 8 §Tgg-Se Ign aag ' a g ® S s��a �,,'S�� 'aa"Q «�g $dm'g�g$�'E€�e'� s"g E U $ .$'e s 2boEum �a�U"E� 3^ pp �WS="a pj11 �eS eE $ ah.e fi Eepa au5€�ema$$ x� s E@���s E T yye8 8$@ „sa.9 B A ___________________________ fi 2E �g 6 �s �^, n fiFo41E� yg 9m ig �5�5�aza5 3 �ojs �g= G .6eg3gr6 W yAp9p'a y S''EEj''G<um {f 5 is » H 8 .I:Rre �e R�Rm8sxRSn@SRs R_ =S 8ge S2S�RRa RRaR a a xSg�e8R $ R � zm7zz77zz7n7<77 z<az77n7zasz E.-. a g wm 5 4�'iooa 83��_§P' 'd `�'m •8� �qg'a Din, �U$9 F$�9 y b8 '8m ,d Fi59 6 w'6 s, 'G e9U ;'g L*98&B $3'��ap9 8 @ e��4 5��•'��S �E r."� e�'9� ��$" � ��� 9 �N Napo �a•�•b ��a ��� � TTS p E ¢g g 6� y3 QQ t. 111M I CpH . 3 � 5g;�s� 5a �� � Sfl $ im 9 S� 78��� 1y3�tl� C � �.B�S'$Fv �ea �♦�_�G��� Bm$ p�Su SIVA .10 I .55`5 �5 1-`.9 aa.8g 44 Aa9 §'$ a .a= neZa y a��.8 I a n n m menti a F I ZPL 18 I �p p� .�p A. r rr rr iww NOR rr-------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- �R ` F�ngeet: WE IClE`P � Az e.r.A !N FYn.�I IeYeF � u 1100 F.mn 41.0 e....a p BA 1 0 HJm. r Figure 14. Site 1885 Overall Plan Map showing Featme Locations ms¢$u o is 8�e�.p3` 121Ev °°e6 Egg a� - " .9 .328. 8 i3g$-mo 1-1 HN -11 Magii 111,41 s§$5�gg9e_S E ypul' g5 :: ..� ,� k 5.. m $a yo .56ECSa" I1 dad E �.I �Ea msxc3 �� u�$ E5 fi" 3 F 3 sE"= �3"tisNE �S "mr a � eta e as ce �5vii Wa m.�5o �j S 5 �g 'eqr< ,`ggag -SE.. d'_'S .n .90.. bio b'•,�`'g 835 ��Eg 9 oS-T65,$6 °j'„°`.b 9= 5 o B 8G8o �$£tip se SF e� �E E'�$n.8 OA aB CF,GEBy ySFo g �9 �$ 'as5�z 0 4 —"9 p 13 SO 4S. Figure 16. Site 1885, Fwtm B Bud C Plan Map Pag • O• °Opo O Op p.m �'b C) 00 % i0 �00° � „Up 0 1pn7-BaPmmm•, r� c0oe� ® w.�PammBwmw®.um w.m..®muuomdr 81W, mhble®EP•Neq�®1 • Bepmtloo (0..0 • vwm� (D.46) 0oovop0oc ••� 0000 ° ° ooavuo o°o lQ � P Bl P,P I gLmN n n. i poo. . i °ooveov..00.o.o. R °> e "oo vo Rooe . 0 . ooe 000° YC4 4 ` r a w z Mt 0 � r 9,.yG a r 1.0 20 3.Om r r r r I gLmN n n. i poo. C..�r Yi CBs 14RG S�ub�s it Sl°� IN 1 Slop.di=tk. (O.A)-tmgtlt in lm. B .4.h .d . ® Wtlaw°mbRWt . i °ooveov..00.o.o. 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Site 1884, FORM= ILL J aadK ®d TU4 Smith Face Pmfde if Po v msn (03)j F.1 Vmad Na3) Loom QmtlmwtlEvitldm 041" �p va de�rtdWav j® CF60bP�®t T Mm GhwUm a i !111 jj r0 00000000 ••• 0000000 Oo00oo00000000000000000000 0000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 pi ryS 0^00oo0n0n0n^^0^0n�000000o0o000o o �Q 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000z00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0oo0o0a00000000000a00000000000000 0000000000 00 0000000o 0000000000000o000a 000000000000000000000000000000000000�0-^ 0 ooo0o 0o0000n0 o00 ' d 7e .000.01 000 a m Vl w ___________________________________________ _ r Ell —is o '8ll D'399$0 ,15 /II ° Swk�yab''..iET'a'S9 U6� �^I9 E2°' .Xa".'E''$ �E^n° �_ u� ,c° 5�'®g Fik e9 8 a• 6m SS°^`m• E�" SAI °� a�� -� pp9�-- �•G� ` s�x'ree $� b as 9 ¢ Ott E�� EvY•e'�,� g,S3•�5a S�sgy"ge o� 5� .9 3 '$$ �� y LG.g 9Yag,�6tl 3 19 91 �°•€65R �a.5 � =I-;5 W 'n° xsF9ad'�6 9e5 ��e.�g�, 3 $� i �� ���°•EF "g "�'9—=y22xg2�0— oa8° �� ��5u��a essm��""� S'922�9 Ir °ig'�o m °��.s6�^0?� eE' a^ ms��"' ��e9�� •$9 mi gB m3"sp°.F8�g9 2.A `$9q 59 3>4P °9 =&99�@b, „o 6y N afi=o 2-S2�Sa r $s �. 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Site 1887 P1=Mep and TR -5 Soudl F=Pmfde ! r.: Uzi�6 X3.9r c$$9 S& -u�.RE �=x -�a� 'S� jR9� e� 0 9 �e�e'fi E� �9 �C55o.__�8 ti`a SS,-„ xP£g gmpvv s 5 ��y 9,:.s mm�0 m 3 r 8 °8m� °63.e:g E¢'a `q gg g'S• ssE'g,.. v�5°_'g0 E^33m q�nBG2 c q,�3 e� e'g"� 9;gmi '� 8m 5roa yy-'5 m.4.Na Ypy_ Z5-.5 'G° A eu via m.8 `o agv+.�g�6 aRt ar �� .� FS a € g m�58a ry9°a� mR c x�aE{{om$�E 5� `omgp5 S €„ Pc tli "s tE.9 5°$ m ao'R0 �c6 5.8 6 9M w aC — A ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 0 OM m N)-NY/itmmem � 9rmameoc roan ro3:1 emlae MemY O � O NI ala' N) � aoetm.mmum r�� Figure 24. Site 1889 Plan Map (03f) H N r rr Simi] e`oe .n a- 'I ila BS2.E1 01 of€€ ;@ IMa.Ej Ina 1 11 Ogg e`565y 87 1; 8�.'� 8 H 5��6� 'g e'25ae6 ?a— o garY.ry3� ? g4,Vm a '''m u y At ImIR N�3.ev qH$e u'�'°E S.� �5$ `°3 ae"�@ <°3�a maE=g5" Elio E�8 yoy5 s=z° G noaF Ede $ 88 9 gpyg Mgr, C 9g aw9 cca �F �m� 9H' �m„'h5 i`8 t"a"6$a °i8'q9,co m ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IN ®o ISW mHYP�meti _ (oq (M-EdpYm 1—elael+F+wne.w� rwdae FreC ao � O � 1 N09 1 1 ... i 000000°O l ] O�0°0°ODO°O�00oe1N�90 ] bmf. •-Mpe �I(�j(��j�I(�]� p0000 p00000 Gpo0a0p00r((gy��y ) 'U ;1 0 �OpOpO.000001L L� 111 (0 � �0000Qa0000. mm p 3A 6A 9.06 _ �p IO 10 .41v � 103) O® 1 wn F*=27. Site 1592 Plan Map Eli, 6 3 oiE�= ES ��E'�iL< �m. SEA& a�a 8 Yri4F$�d of 6 �< i 5 ail a � E 3cF� B �kk m¢g�E �o �9�1gg6gge9g 6 K�aeb�'Eg�g $e�g� ���Ea ��ti ���eggg g 4^A 8 --�O�3v 1E 99�63ey 6$8g¢pVII ._.3+'°I�5 3_®+y�3 89vVay. 'E 6j�{#vS a-'9®rv5 �r u-'s- vo�pe�' 5= `oF g qU °.L3 �� „ F'a'�ry6 9 90I s egp s °w ass wO D� e e a s m $ ® V IG a A N 55cE E.e„Eg ���EO.� 5 9 €.35$Tid Sg�$ �o�F $4,98�6 $ 8 � � AAAA ° tlE tl 2� G v tlm P E Ba 94 28 .95`m. -Ala mmMI ° T3 �9 �.B$8_s � � Eas 'a 8 �cR� R�n� W 0 98 T- x..321” A -0 aANy 21.3 '�ne�'�. H SIP 6B= x� �a m Susi>9 ___________________________ SY���`ss55 a� aE fi�E a$ b �95a '99. $Jig n 9 8�r�gk8 g�p<EOoRFi$ 8 _-�9Ie 1� 1 �sv w E 78 f$ .Q V8�N�- 9 a 9 .- � $ C o 11INF JI msa�3kni2c 1z Lays' a Cres 4'4 3� � a "�s1� xaI -p1430 A -E. � g 39 bfi 6a$ 9 E. a6,�a� •"a'�m't6�'834x4 yy@ m�'_o`"Ka �9"' � y yce yap g°a :36y5" si;�"iSry �bs^ai •5 8« « 3`cd !�+ ,,pp pp pp pryp §§ gg 33 _ IgI pvryfi gm8'«p3e �°0�'n8,g.� S�5$93 :@� ¢ a n5 Rt �6:ggj E s gg �y1 91 1 till. gUwit 'g 5 5 5 wH8e �w'S@a«Isoro .�.g Im 3gge 9 "pn3 d9'@.,. :5 g 9-i no`6'g'=,8 5. way ee,Es�S ffies @13 Yn 95« :"53`°BO a d°'',i8. s .`Se.€ ulag Nm rrf fr,([r.,'yf''f(`,J,1J,J.gJJJ�JJ ....' ..... L` (rl'r(fj1J�Jy�J/JJJ J .. T J. 00 r � J rrrFJJ�+11jJJi °OOpp000 �'�•i. :.il. :A'M1.:.':: Op000° I: •'h :w`1 �.:•i .�s ,r ��: 'i..� 1 —LwpbaB•myn—� �•• l.'IM.maaMY OO .•.•' a :Ir :. .'.?'.� wp0(Pm°&oeh�vtl`—�..a�mmwr¢) .K'..ep8...`.i •i (0.8f-Iftlytlinvebe •. �> Yi A,��': ''t;'. ��liaENi wn°nmbmmhoeNndwlbin �'�J'...: ..: ii -`� i.. •� • • • �+ FW30. Site 1893 PIm Map m°a te - fi e se Loll, T2 ao t ��9" 5a� ». d.^�5r °: �s♦.6 S�y.9 �' �g,}'�ES� €"�9.�� '9 u ...3666 HH R 3 as YO pp dIW 00�� ^1G6�9 Irv' �e SE 5—Y 3viF �tI b5m5�y�'�s6 3a> g C'� .3 F n 5 u y'A� 9 •6 °���=s a€ter -g °69 E 9 am Jim -i � �g X—s g $ da m gel MullN§— � Cb T g "pm�._a tr-g 8 7.. Ea �gID a e"W a5�;a.� E :R = a.rr a`'^°..99 rig .9 � EA W .v �2 Jim Nr.i�_±�oyyoSSp�pp $eyi:"s@.'S_g EIS _____________________________________________________ _______________--_______________-____-____________. Figam 31. Site 1896 PIM MAP pAl MIN i A Esn ` uml �3 N ° ° e SIR. 1 A F Wa.°mwld mbY Vs:m Npsd � vEYOIJm Y fA IEA TIffi J.E 60 9Au ® Vatlelm Figam 31. Site 1896 PIM MAP I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rM §gm 32. Bila 1898 wd 1899 PIM Map + I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rM §gm 32. Bila 1898 wd 1899 PIM Map Fig=34. sire 1898, roan n YWRMRP ",'gam°�g$€8aar =s5 g8g 9�8°g° as:gP a yR 'g'o c�x�3Jo.y°a n „.g= S w '� vyyE mg a'� g°$ '��459Ea.s'" �• E S g _ea eRo9a Sig -k aHe`'S� ^p�p eoa�'Y ' 3oe sQ 583. e'ag og g§ gas Rry,E �5 �a$__€'��qe8 ,R •"s"e =3ey "s �3 Fg •nOC LL� a�8.mgg� 93 0 9 F�3'-a3'3 g"°m Ge° sgmg� �sa� � $'e i�� 9�. 8e °d„ •48 g8 $m E°! e ° E.ry �� �i^y Sa•�_ � °� = 3'e °q O m9,9 s gr Aa $spa l .!�eg ?��`�$ ��ai bj.e9 FE9��aw.6$�9e9 Isle me $y "egT @8 a ; =IIS A ffl a �gip_ E .9x .EF �eq$ b E -§R �- �'.EE � 9._�a- as e'-° . t. g�SEB 'y gus C _ a$gg � exp°-� � "a�°� F°�°� a 3 .55 2'-a `� wv yy 9 Px �Sa aop 4a e` .+� � a 3E PLi E35. ,a o' i �°°` 4,.• i g_ a'- ,� pa^._ci 03.e w�A� g< F-�.e Ea.ea'�, °• 0 �a °ig S� .�3��39 1"�„'�� 8 las Hill El$ axsE s aglml3iapwera Prem Cl � yy —1aNmA1YOP— o ease •f o°ea°o � 1°]i1 PrnB a la,tl�we -ae.em141� N]31 oc —Mw°i mom- )) laPll ffF f:: � NmmA nCC�K ,.mw. CC4C ] 03) CCC,- .... ....: ............. � .......... ' 1 9fePe4efb CbYTv •• ft3)-ery+hmm � Ww°xxwMv , Z 31IIf A3 9A 1338 0�y Id 3 3A <]m Fig=34. sire 1898, roan n YWRMRP ",'gam°�g$€8aar =s5 g8g 9�8°g° as:gP a yR 'g'o c�x�3Jo.y°a n „.g= S w '� vyyE mg a'� g°$ '��459Ea.s'" �• E S g _ea eRo9a Sig -k aHe`'S� ^p�p eoa�'Y ' 3oe sQ 583. e'ag og g§ gas Rry,E �5 �a$__€'��qe8 ,R •"s"e =3ey "s �3 Fg •nOC LL� a�8.mgg� 93 0 9 F�3'-a3'3 g"°m Ge° sgmg� �sa� � $'e i�� 9�. 8e °d„ •48 g8 $m E°! e ° E.ry �� �i^y Sa•�_ � °� = 3'e °q O m9,9 s gr Aa $spa l .!�eg ?��`�$ ��ai bj.e9 FE9��aw.6$�9e9 Isle me $y "egT @8 a ; =IIS A ffl a �gip_ E .9x .EF �eq$ b E -§R �- �'.EE � 9._�a- as e'-° . t. g�SEB 'y gus C _ a$gg � exp°-� � "a�°� F°�°� a 3 .55 2'-a `� wv yy 9 Px �Sa aop 4a e` .+� � a 3E PLi E35. ,a o' i �°°` 4,.• i g_ a'- ,� pa^._ci 03.e w�A� g< F-�.e Ea.ea'�, °• 0 �a °ig S� .�3��39 1"�„'�� 8 las Hill El$ axsE s dOW HffId H QU4-9 'H68I W!S'9£ 91*41 sr£i .......... �o wu. 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S=s R 8 C.E_ .En's 34$ a $S' c 35 5E °�.Eg�c3rv68_ finE � � Ea .9.a5 E4bS�EE .€ E.eE tia� nx N.n 8�-3Zggyoy ow ar E= hh >.3°�g`e25 b'r�iiEa M'ui, Aj r 0 at "m 9.E _.460 ; s`s mE aSa�E as 9 sill a _ gg 66 l a 4,130 "`ddd tl imtt�ii � '� ]JAI Ha a3E.p3� 3'gg5 �� Il En eeg �saJ.@Pfi�gg9� 8 Cx 9''Ia•9.5�. 286 co a5r N etc 9�®�'S dE �E F3a `m 9Ea �` � w"r• � to N_ W +s ow ___________________________________________ �—���- priplue py IS�9.p . Iyl]11 In r Yi.�I bdrt BmlefhntlWv umN m[BII ( F 10 ] lA 13n �mmn y�Py�6ae AJp CI -\1 �� wry. ieYm yom6 ••••ry9f-bVW4me t /wlm �bwmms/ ✓� ,y,, fdl� \ 1 Bbpeaheeum pLEdm Y.' 411.v1 Pu1maA WeunmhapNNe "�(\� Bvlml vnbw.mma.tim G bm � ��.�Im 9mpwiip—[MooP� —PeEOAwNg— L � . s N91 mn � 1 Bee tspow.Xp � ' ' weevdnerBp QOGa?P �spoamWeP\mmt ooO Bmmec BmmB ry.0 # 1 aump..ppeeeMmup. rya min Figure 120. Site 25615 Plea MV w (1.1)-flieltlh mtln Figaro 122. Site 25618 Pbu MAP Z S®�55 0 LL 1A 1S S�Z E fi a �F=Sgp6° g $yh U `a gO �rfi °�Nfi Hi4e. .$F U -JE$ -a1 VII .�96 8����5v6 EFS wpep��B�g_ Sic a'��B:�fl �9G"v gfim.°�i4hS 4.3 E,' 5369 �io B5LS_ �.pEg$g 9�9�g�°�:s ggXE g 20„a�'%%6 55Ey� $N F._3— wmBF'�gLo w�o°^e 6 PBe3 S Z , T - E Oil y� �a$B y p5y'.m �3Cy1 ypE#,I4 g® oE'Z A S 5b �.gFSso� .�Rtl��B.e 9EL xP;B'x.€ 4ug�.$e a gljj5 3 1_e< fD gyv'eE€$ q m3 gy cr.. mg6 mw.uo9� <B g.B e N®c5-m'E�® N '3 2'3FX Sc° f/1 uFa_3€B.afi 1-`�k 0 LL 1A 1S U -JE$ -a1 VII .�96 8����5v6 EFS wpep��B�g_ Sic a'��B:�fl �9G"v gfim.°�i4hS 4.3 E,' 5369 �io B5LS_ �.pEg$g 9�9�g�°�:s ggXE g 20„a�'%%6 55Ey� $N F._3— wmBF'�gLo w�o°^e 6 PBe3 S Z , T - E Oil y� �a$B y p5y'.m �3Cy1 ypE#,I4 g® oE'Z A S 5b �.gFSso� .�Rtl��B.e 9EL xP;B'x.€ 4ug�.$e a gljj5 3 1_e< fD gyv'eE€$ q m3 gy cr.. mg6 mw.uo9� <B g.B e N®c5-m'E�® N '3 2'3FX Sc° f/1 uFa_3€B.afi 1-`�k ---------- -15p. Figure 124. Site 25670 Plan Map —Iw.tlp.h�mhn— I Fig= 123. Site 25619 Plm Map y .+L ate.+' Ucxn_mp' — nppe p l.0 6P �z 1.0 p ISS 3.0�0�58 a RS )A I.Sm Fig= 123. Site 25619 Plm Map y .+L ate.+' Ucxn_mp' — nppe p l.0 6P 9D8 1.0 2p IAn wua.®aYx pmmw.5 5 Slepeiantloe N35I'IWILLYmeY. y lsE�e{ryyG S„o8 Sae • • mppz8 p3'x „Y.-'eS'�v� Y°. g^��SS;L' x�[j+� C5$ s°y�r c��H 2.358 gS xAeT •'� Wb V� �'G. iC� r6x 9n gS ys. g§9Gv €$ ` �'d J$•aD�a�o�G $$5yF°y 3 �c`�.°. Vag $°g aoSot 'sfi` a^iii fi_ $9 9:_ �9 iag� � N➢ 8e�BE�"'8 3�E8 i:ES. 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S<'2'e g`9 g e .y �i�wg�=�.°�gg � � � rte• �se � 6.B �EE tl1Em IA ESE$ .F EU E.8Cg9 €'o Sea�iaE NN go -s' 1tl s$9.X�Eke E$."a e$ u5g8 59.5.E§eD EyC ,5�� 9& 9 5 g oo $'° 6�'g 5 Fm3E 55 F§CvEio�a5 .y9 gi vm9enrv� r� �8a P`!69'� e� $3 °� Sp� �°,�2• ,g y�S � 8�,�.05��. to u 6z � tV N H ayy''e a ayy •'6 �gg.F E 3� �yyy N B N � 3 F- a 40 3� N ry a .fig yC g e_ v'�i H'g B�8�E F �� F�i`n <_ �u N�$$�� w=� 6,$�� S ytOj .s�68E�b5 •• n wNS 3 eS .e� L fifi9 s8 .3•.3� a"=Y6n �� ..d. °g� ��$� e N ---------- w , � r r ---------- srrra,?rr MMprp:upp , >�rpp�p / I 1„clm wp.e�m.l Nsl � I / / ` r ` �i awhme 1pm / p iD 60 9.p9 / IA 2p � i � g s aF m WoN c y' 2 � e J E y G 1 I I I 2 BW�IYS �m/miv Fim 128. Site 25625 Plan Mw and TU- y0�3A 60--9M E A 1L . _nm�mpladmM— tl Z p¢tlm '. /�', WNmtlmp ofaww,i,ry 9 �opdhWm mn-axmx.s® a'g n 8p 3 2 d'Fi$ ^ a i Od °ej'd'a 9 ^m'. 8 a- a .a " .s e �2$ 8 S e 8 aA E ji smsg' a- 8 s ®'9 em �� � 'NJ -III lit `'�6.a.3 �B_"� .nee 8.6' a g g 1ji'e fi..w 8 oilS" SEW g$g s 9 g gMyy U sig— g aa K a � m6g�'� EE 5 $8a a 8 sgs�;' rimes 5s�@q �9 sang ^m ��8e 55 8 gig _ "..$$a a�: �Pz]81 24. Its a� r lyna all 1-2 Ian w VGN T 4k`:� I 1 ash 9 U9.5-16 a 2 Ill HIM eat it 4V^ng54a pfi .E- 'pgg x" 5 5 m`ga 2�&�` g9$ •g`�85E�.6r r .If. . 891 9 e$ 13 '�$S a §�.5 5 `�'T g� $ _ J, all t ' _ 0 , ifflg r e e� ^teISUa i1 �$ 9name9 �Ov e epy Zan"saBSQti gkY� e�u c lBefigEgg@"'� §'6 a. ® �Ia<Bem 9g & E� -BE-�Ga2:3 c& eea .E.99d a8^^g.�d€o�j��.� „8 o" E' e E�saa� .EcE ' Cc �w° m va �.9r 4 -5 �° 6"t. Is -F «yds $5�s� a d'e s a r 6ao a�2 e N xsoc�, R's.ay N g ---------- Rn-admo� W�trnwmmN, / 8'mvia95 xW h,m A. IPMI N i.. YYI. r w nr w r Figure 132. Site 25627 Plan Map r _______________-_____-________-________________________.____________________---__-_________________________-_-_______________ r _--------- a.bFo< �.C4.CRC� m.Fa�ummormFava /i////ii. EEV alwbop rom-�aae� � aaaa� —m.Lwp— t 0 1Y�FN �W�9 IF A Sb 3Am mme.mme®1 ^ O t e..mawar.a (LIS) (am Fiigam 131. Site 25626 Plan Map r W W r N b N Vl ni m , c83�w.5 f$Se-Og "9 c A;11 'E a % ce9° 23�e Bo �,vEr e`a2 "g .3@ _ mem art ho 1.8 E.0 yir.9 @eg �Ej [g �$3 vm m6mS d9'3 g�E y�uG iYja s W mea-sa eagIez$ e� .21 ;p E 53E s- d o�2 cp"3.9 dS g is N �os`ogo s�58ca EE€ nEmg`P$c mr$as"t e 3 N9GNE g�g� r FXoB 8 F"n Fg'� i�tf S� ex9 gg N=um 'g 6€ ah E i W cftm M 1 sw, m—a"w:�umsn— �anye pr..a aypnm'.yu amr.pmaaepmo Ou01 prn 0-0 4 —BmePtl'imbn— ( J L J.� J 1� 1 p l5lS J-0yORI p Si IA 1!m 1 Figgie: 135. Site 25630 Man Map wr�o. O ^ mn fVJ w.ae.umpe O w.aati -amao.e rma.._ O Q a OSIS AyO TSO 0 os �A IA O�•gdp+rm Figlm 134. Site 25629 PIMMap �e$ �< sgEad g�e2aea 94�� m � S naj „'$g u� $.p n'"cm$ "mFB 8 �8$"�'_ ��'E B mysm� cB3.9C H. GyE �a h `m 5 a k Y.p H g 530 $� 3 S30�mom m eggag �3� 5 �E`^- 5 99y �a.9� R aa5fi3- 9=3 mgU` q �g � ma a�BE a. g ma pa' P 8a 3�0_vszgE q s 7g]��m g'�Dy€ e'� q�8efi,$g�9� �E eig ='s8 E$� x �2 'gym 5"0�m°°s� $ ®®'sa %.a _0 Be9 a .E ��_ €e,.s e § egg_ a'mI� m a�§� $ e � _ -g apt a r �Ee ens a� 8o€ g85i€ ,s= oma � `aQ e R6 �i yah eyym �8 E° F�.�Eq U.1 Fm�y FoR�v i.'aZ Ta N r. g5 N 'E E m$r3�d Ec .h �.g85V3 SE2 gg 5955 6� as m B� � y e;�—Bss�a'��z,g �98a.�d5"e g 5 la 5 F": �,�H— •a '�,�'8'a' S.S .°'a.9ggg 3 0e�8 P a.o 3g g�"o 7g$a €a.Em X34$ E$W :'a SE .g1g3 gg E e� eFd°N�63<'g=$�j •5 gm�g e=21 E�9�8g ���P.�$�sgb$•gae$'5., 'E ..., m alas Boa @d� g 9gi a -JAI af '� S.eo. a{yca q� y rye ae W a 's sl 171 it Vill ��° ..,. 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W -�z Ssx W d„ 3 .gym °' m .i v.' d dP P- LL Lu d 3 ° r --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1r r r r r SMI 0 wl1 "a v � Y d2 :� ��Boog�ffffi oo ffi ooffi� 0000ffidffiffffiffi B�o�' ged sking o a o� s 65 mE.gg Sz �i �s �i s s��i $�ni'4 ���xix��xxx xxs�x�g�=iigzx�xx�s r q 11 . " 6CG1C 5' Sul a Os 1,1 i�100-11,011 11 .16 asaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaaaaa"aaaa"aaaa�aaaa a�aaaa���a���aa�aa a aaaa 5 i �d W f ______________________________________________ ______________ to r ° 6 F _ Ivo ° Via" '�6 r a �9 �m • � x 35 31 21, K g °ia m 5 9 m x,e 1j Y 6 9a " xak Ay o 9 AA s ss Q r °j �gao y g�g � •�� «• _� ��� � � � � �� �� jos 44 3e x_ �d FS r m w a. ❑ 9 1.9 - 5= s ,g a la�: aVt. a ,e -g y s dom tin a$ 8$ 1�1 W Appendix L r Archaelogical Inventory Surveys 2001 M r By Haun & Associates IW Ow Ilr r r aIIt SIIK$`3, 11. �egegEE a$ 5 C �x S�SoaE �9u �9u 3d3aBPec S � 5 g c`$C.. �rv,s ��SII �R�IIa n9aag8 3 .geg„xx �n €9x yEe 59a9� 9�$�'� §.p`paB 9�l�cv va 5als $� as '5afi H ¢ `a ,ny _9' 5a g.'6 ,pF� � a3.`9 �"g -5 iB ef' lei ei6 9 ga o O�P_,9� ,n gvp &a xx @ CC VIB s9ps €INH EIo sg s s ��a.s a $' � z�'J g 995—Sx �r � m Y` p Ec•'t' 5=qr 59g •�w3� DI E€ ea> e �m'xB rgte. Eoe V3 Ba G'.. #It i ------------------------------------------- r 0 C ti r .iry - F- N T N > J U O 0 W Q U) p Z O x Q Q LL O a O Z W a O J j w Q y 0 Z K Lu g U Ct N p 6 O Y O Z ui W Y g Y c Z Q M o O q 5 Y Q Q O z y � 0 J 0 C ti .iry N 0 P u N N aO T ry H� m m RM -I �"3 '� �"mJ �J 'm.3 'mJ R pmt m e N F N N N F m F yN� N N F N N N �Ny N p F F ti ti ff �i N N N N N N m m m M m 9 P P V zi z m .n ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- r a m me tR -10 W v B $ o '� Y m o n LLy�, c '" Z v � n � S a m '� o vii d � i¢ iii iii � iii iii u 'g' IQi tai iii fi � a 3pg i 9 j3's� eg,6 gg 3 eek a��� 5gi $.583 .6 a �aK c3.�^�pgsE Z i�E.e44 3 ei yy p`8�,y �c ?ea e d e41g1 0`ay �tl -g� .�❑ t_ w.. D �E a -3 �.. yq, _ ®'= u -u5 5_ Z eE2e@�c'8 oc` fq 9 CL 2 a .1 gig 4 jL6 `a Sa99vSa .. @ �eaa E.� 5.E_� a MAI ;.£Pep aas"s` m'a 3 `a 0 �€& J� x &m9 IIN93$ 5 saga-5�a eo 5$6 .n`oegCa 5$ $$8$ Ir� us-jSal� as �" �gg Xap67°"a s�991 55y#ep@'5 y Rigs A2s .1—it 6 p�S agE3§ �esa.gsg air5a9e Ysma$ Eli, 8 3m a 9a aX 5 1 a u5 58 8- ag€yyege 3 s yra �' Em •i5 =ter '- '�— r MpIN ae5� xas��ma O $P$� s��2ms y�"m 3a3§ d 6�S me is m �ac$a Q gme _rL'td85` @,30'3 ,�"`3 = €'3 E_u m.0`.> 5E§a5 Sa 3E�g N.®pa �_—E 2.i 2.am 5"3a'sm LL 5�a 7a ren o�C�a. Q S �99X 55 18H§ a: 1Fyltt11'nj 1 ,lm w� I 0 Table 7. Land Commhs/on Award Gakns In Kaa/skalu ,w ar W r/ r r w 077 eY 109 <OGm an 'oO�IF'nl�l�lO®�ti7�M�f��h�.IOO�IOO ar r/ r r w 077 109 <OGm an w vm ae. 000 095 0 a'.awaa/eWnw�wr•< Qz.<i a6a1 I w m14 0lo, 00:1 0 :1 105971 0 = Oen 1 e�ymw_ �aw±±� wwao�4. -�w.�.-lxwo ������av��avata:>•r—>. rx�� w ar r/ r r w 077 109 <OGm an w vm ae. •.6...... eu:uNua r nuimo�108 000 uad l%on>mlaeioa Aarards w w 9mKJ<M3 077 <OGm w vm ae. 000 095 0 a'.awaa/eWnw�wr•< Qz.<i a6a1 I w m14 0lo, 00:1 0 :1 105971 0 = Oen 1 e�ymw_ •.6...... eu:uNua r nuimo�108 000 uad l%on>mlaeioa Aarards w T Table 1. Land Commission Award Cbdms In Keelekehe (coat) Table 1. LwW Comn9sw nr Award Claims In Kealakehe (cont) O©YYIYY©Y■Y■Y■Y■Yl000OF ��YY�YYIf�ioOGivr7�YYYYIY� Y�YYI�YYI�r�i i�ilrralaiWO�YY�YIY� OOYYIYYY����Y1�Y�O1�7i�i �Y■Y��Yf�7fF�o��®O�"iil�'iY�YIY� �Y■YY�Yo��w©orir.■��Y� �Y■Y�YY�f�ioii��©Ofii��0Y1� ■i�71�i©�ii�____ ___YI�_Yi�rl� Yfr�l�©©�©iiA �Y■Y��Y�7oiiO�rlii©R�YYY■! 00o ��i�ii��O�Of ©f oO WPI o©YYYY�G'riOOiiOP➢F�oOL�Y�' fGioY©�YYIY■YY■�YIIe�IY�Of?F��3i �Y■YY�YG��iIiO©ir�ii�YIYYYIY■, aac+5�� $ t 9 <;9ga3 s Y3oh E=$ oEm= D r I B Jnga MI 056 fi 5�E °IM iso m a $ xt , fi g 3E9HIII ➢53 g YM a 9 o 9,9a- 5 5 E4'91 El °tto a u EE ca �=`s Cxn pq 59 0 `°y Ev Ell 2q >z��9gg d��9Sm9 fiHyGy S��Y���s vaCn. m�EmS'C�Ee� �UO aEA�mm z �g5 fi �xu 25�.o a.5m =c =xe'9 E,.. gg�g�_ �B° gag"am x'R�-z ti Cs>Om s'3g 8� �cY FS=°;XX"E �.9�8`° - OS Eoe SSYY S -S ___________________________________________________________________________ M r w_ a6 3' €eeaI a gig sr r mj 5�K9 g 0 S e tl m " '�tltl 9pp a� xxgg L9.9 5 o . 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Appendix N Social Impact Assessment By John M. Knox & Associates, Inc., r and John Clark, Planning Consultant r s 8 c 8 m m E @ c c ? o prmy FuF$Evfi c'o� a Om�:I mi °�L 3SQo�'Q a$iwm Tm nL� ea c>> ttSS mE me j m n— �E=vc megQ�IIoo wEmy `amT �'c n c c w n m 5. 3 m$ y c .r c o3 o c @mi. Yo— I n oa �mmE� @ Ea�,n —� mc��c$ .. 8i 00 aci�EW mil "—'$nmD °c a$m=�—S� 3EW.�m� o _$ Q�^ME EQ cm'i. mcO1 m@ ��'53Im@m .um n'co 7aY cw cm$aa ra tl1m. m.vs�,8 mmm_�= m5n_n mo so n a m3 .9 of mQ .. meta 3�0 cm m$ ,cEE� Fm.•���.I 2g_ � '2F3Z d' vmm=_0.15 c �o$$c ii 1 nqn��[5{5�oi'6c 2 cagp 'Ir Q E O$ O a a 8 m G r J 2 C T L$ n m a n n c 'L $Lnnvm EZmt QaEmb m9$u�n�ffi e�Wogm .�. N n'q 5OO 4g m Ip_i��� L 16 $ m 3m m c r $ EEE �c tiE Ic5c 3R a. m=m cEtmm SS �.i6 'manic a m FF Z m$r.m..c$q a�� nbmBE mma `—'' @mc $52 E$ cwz f.2 •'a n m m,@1 maYDOco YES o $ ymmri .� mE�.:3gg gm =TyY a cm�2.� mxcc c �m o ��m c mmp $ mo�mgg ma �a mco,n m—ox �c= �$�� u 5 cc cEmmc $ $Ema mac c a,Q ca�c 2E �'Q'mc@¢ 3 _c E.�UxE c m rS nnm mm'�m 'c $dam mrmF Wmoa �.Q o ON Amo@ism Q mom@ y o $cmc& @imE�m R,6 s 3 p`m E �a m 5 m � m c m E V°—' m H H $ OE m Q m r nm$n 'vmN �mSmcm xc_a@Emm mawS'zp x m 2� 6� m m c$ m v vo S S E m 1E u >< ON w -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rr w w U w � U rl w O � q a 813 x aT a� c Q c ill e Z Fes. c n m s q a aT a� c Q c V p c m$ N m E R a go p,�t'f{°oW n @ a maw pEmy W u_Y�,j yE�- S.�pc .yp nTi® �g� s W tpo�D m C° T'L'mg�W C> W 3 NE'y y E �n m.Wz+m@$ EE°mm E.I'�1° i@@°o `m mmg °�mSEm 1 no ?,W v -5 .2 q'@Bca� @'°iiEaa m�°o?@�oa acs c E a q �._ c-._ ww t irmEwm—'d oo na $o2 EWE$a2�a S0 cC$6Ww pB- EEjjm 6mE D wEF:Sa$w j" 8S cRQ. am -9E w-ogEg =` k -N I, pfAm0 lwmcn E5amcaq E6 .�9a E0'p` $mq� 4�9 8E mm ,py, .xqwiqs o$a o,mm m�$�..a3m t«$pp ao a 3®m 8E WEcDm EMQEx8m�o np'�S°m @ $a3oEm3 c w m B�E�>Pfim coD��q $j �i c$ a wac`oy�o `8 g m >>.. mYdOsa_ mE 'nW 2'� 2@ -II �B v ,N w y m aS c _rnc m�p tF m q a rc¢ L O S c wo Z c E t 5` m E E i m e m0 :N QEQ a 0 C �5 S ''44 $ W m C g $m c.ro Wmm m m c c mD- m .VUE.. >.8 m'Q mg CL :02 m Eo@$ °S �o$u mom E m =�D`aV4 Wo Dn qomw� $ mo uw 4' 33FF p�mo-'qan$-c25 amc 4 VU o m 9 .E N W 2 m g 5 g° m O i�� �° .° W�^ Si �C )p{ ; w m q qm C TO C— wS MO $�Soog m-$ mon' Odc&E @cE� �o`=L+$m �cm E y'n o mcy,m@m ma@ m$ m W�-q Dm m_w�coE q� n o ��c9 @m�'�jg tv'Cmms 0.5 $m$@ c mw�mN�.'co�m$ngc E «... 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October 17,2N6 Open space, law density, and/or positive Emphadrad mora by environmental stakeholders, but generally appreciated by all types of natural ban Positively le. Urban amenities and services Positive Most people liked meant increases In big-0ox retail, restaurants, etc.... though they also Most wish balance wrural that the balance with open spa. and still party rural Ina le Ise good one, Majority mentioned 'friendly people" or "sena of community" as Kma positive, but many Neutral (especially man Positive expressed canwma Mat sons, of community Is being strained by rapid population growth, Community, social whesim— Mixed (spot lack of common Interests among newcaners and bMtimem." Sharply differing perceptions effectiveness of community opinions) of ethnic relations (though differences aid pg( neem based an ethnidty of Interviewees) — planning efforts some saying relations are much worse; aro usual.' attitudes on Historic ant cultural resources pew tAlm,he rspotow D anent Community Development Plen process—some prelalnp the proresa, others feeling roothers, ss —eco NMI" Hawaiian it has been a divas Mix of good One aspect was aatlmand Weal H makers traditional b frustration over East Hsa Perceived government Hapean itud et da es aderAdecision However, Mere was a bmatler and Intle broader ty Incompetence, lack d caring saw verniwn t helm rd government In panoral, related M pad to Infrastructure overwhelm and sour ammw towed govemmn neral, Quality of developments and of Mixed (but In rt a sense Net services, rrot cornpolenth, delivered. t TmnsportatioNrecrestion Issues (toward With no "Me transportation, working handles hew a dI Mcut time driving a pick up for rhAhen and families Negative children from sdmd, (located in mauke areae) b take them to recreational opportunities Negatively often at Old Kana Airport Beach Pok or cover coastal areas). Health care, lose of nectors Negative1—an idespread concent, Brough lark d agreement as b how much the problem Is due to Introstructure") (problem) etliwl insunnw sirodure vs, houal nmtietl cultural o rtw (balm). Lack cfcommunity ly a sing any people Mt Korws most Important missing amenity has to do with allure— plows far prows, facilities, S pe can NegativeudwlMeamcel performances, for hula hasau to practice, am Just meeting placed for venws Negative vic groups. A slightly dMerant but cowly rotated concern was provislm of new health and population) wrwce fadlHbs ma of centre are stint located in he drier masks aemammts. Education, aawtletl schools Negative oncerns fawn not only on K-12 pudic edueation, bre also desire te upgrade Wee/ Hawarl environment, pen spew (esp. Negative renm of community call access to coastal areas) of future growth. OCCASIONALLY MENTIONED Topography, access to mauke Positive Steep Amon ars road system mems West Hawarl residents can quickly W from beeches areas views from show to cooler uplands or vim -versa. Increased developer sanel wlty to A few people observed that it has become the nam renter tlwn Me exception far Parva ocmmmi mends and desires developers a offer some form of community benefit package. Femil roots Posltiw Mentlonetl those whwefaminea haw been Mme for several enerenons. Korn Kai Ola Social Impact Assessment Page IIIA J.M-K John M. Knox a Associates, Inc. Owa icer 17. 2008 Exhibit IIIJ: Summary of Intervlewes Replies — Current Positives and Negatives About Life in West Haar i'I Kona Kai Ole Sadai/mpact dameament Page III -7 w rue M res A A— "In As. cele ase ace VERY FREQUENTLY MENTIONED Climate —and assocksmi outdoor Positively "Climate" was Me most frequent mative response (though a few acimowled ed vog lifestyle valued asset issues), ion Norm residents were mare likely to make Me Ink to outdoor Me le. The awan, which traditionally helped to suction the Hawaiians, continues to be of vital importance a contemporary madents ars the water Industry. The Kona wad Is ow of Neutral (especially man Positive the premier acean reaeatian dwfinabors in Me world. especially for offshore sport fishing, rescurees scuba diving. era snorkeling. As me interviewee elated, "Peep/¢ Ace m Hawmy Nr many island IfwW reasons, but most, because it is an island MM a wriaty of clam, deer blue wafer ocean awnless awAabb.^ Historic ant cultural resources pew probably Me most frequent positive response for Native Hawalims, though cited by other NMI" Hawaiian as well. For many, this include& an important spiritual dimension. Mix of good Strong economy good, but labor shortage increasingly problematic— some small Jobs' economy and problem businesses reportedly starting to be more hurt by labor shortage than helped by good times. Quality of developments and of Mixed (but Many (not all) wars happy with quality of individual Korn developments, but 9"pix upsat regional planning (toward about lack of overall planning and failure to conned mads, otlwr infrastructure from nothatival incividual dialects. See below. Related a Australia with government aim below. Negatively Almost always Me #1 negative. Substantial discussion of need for maukemakei Traffic (connector raallelack of valued connectors, entl frustration that new mad or highway segments provided an one, Introstructure") (problem) developers pnpmty aro not mcessadly connected with others (pleeawvrk Infrastructure). Smocks water, ars " were also occasionally mentioned but the bid Item was tramp Shortage of affordable housing Almost always the #2 negative. Connection made to traffic because of belief Mad Nath (and homeless Negative Kona workers can't afford to live nem jobs, must commule from elsewhere. Benef that population) many workers mud haw multiple lobs to afford roue Development pressures on Wille the topic was frequently misec, there ware references in philosophy —for some, this environment, pen spew (esp. Negative was a mason to resist further growth; for others, ofwas a mason to call for better planning access to coastal areas) of future growth. FAIRLY OFTEN MENTIONED Kona Kai Ole Sadai/mpact dameament Page III -7 w rue M res A A— "In As. cele ase ace My so 49 nw 1� mlt6 Iw w AW w IR i +• a she tw w EWA w aw 0 a C _ N9 r°5�E+ 0 W5wo 4 0 mom m m :9vffl,at ow aTc c y W .E a s E$cqa' w2 IuXm�ma�i MU y c cr�T yg-0 i--wP�ZMT & K_��1 E —_.mem i m o m`m = W W w � Do W ` O Y C 2 C m Nm IS m xe a r�i �gg r«m $ `o ppp3ppp3��� E C c e 2 2 W eWEcE ng C da Nmla` am12 p m m c E as L C Sa m L N S S tin c,�?•,o p 1 .FEswii Em`oy3 c m T E�� 5 � epi as mm10�a$CE=m �a =5512 m�WSWNE�W v E 3 m aTcie I N@�1ts1 'E $�E�LLm3 e m9 W p.8 1 p E USr y E -Ec rmn gqAE�t o�v `mc miW$��ymg5$�Y e� Pm�`md m g rae�Am w2 may xO wE.-Ed J'M•K j John M. Knos a Associates, 6 iaad8'°�, 1� H 0 ca- 0 "Mmn a`i 'ca°i=o SE�$m R'm MET. ` Ora—m z m e,I E "v 0 �Y ow htsl = f:K Cf Nnip P w c v^ y ^a1 n L C n c a m b5m91MIo c o Wa. m mFL =a;aOa�c� °E-'43 aE= oCEI T$ m -g m o m' m :R 5 E gxo58m$ o w w@ E g 2 2 go W.6 5 0 G Ls E �mtmEaa a L' E a �& E'=EEMom m pE `$ RU I C'Ey m `m m c 0 Mo Ea;,'iE.Et�`W go C C W C _�p�yy m�pC RwLo mwm w oW a a EPL E�wS� c o�Umre c a0 m 3 @ CplmL�Sa QH mLa = N m r m W$ o m�on�rMOla p�S.w TE w m E0 mE di. og i.05F? October 17, 3006 a`o $ $ r w —mc mac ctfw b (e ,a E e 7iW t 0 EtE� to =0 m $ n t Ptd mg$ a—m a ° 9 4 cow�` W m c c OI'�e E=E mQ2 v � c ppr Ws95 Kona Kai Ola Social Impact Aseassmanf Page IIIA Influx of aMuml/powerful residents Mixed (split Seen as positive or at least potential meet by same (especially in business cemmunlly)— cr vacation homeownen o inions viewed wOh ... rehenslon oche. es eciall Mose who resented ated communitles. Some said slow pace ism ongoing Kona strength; others mid traffic and mmiiplejob Mixed(spill Pace of life I cone holding have brought umvelcome stress and fast pace of Me. The former group also tended! opinions) to talk about lark of Crime the laden would usually refer to high mime rates. Low wages va. high MM coals: Those who mentioned the often did an In a metlenofiact way, suggesting it has been such too mums service em ment Negm. a ---standing Issue Mel POOPW often take h for renletl. Open associated wfth sans of alienmon, hopelessness. This Is another issue that seamed taken for granted, so may be greater concern than Indicated by relatively few Drug problems Negative mentions. (Marnalshoretine use. tended to mention MIs more offen than ether Irde.iewees. Explicitly named mainly by interviewees with a social serAce orientation ... but it should be Family stresses, breakdown Negative noted that family Issues are also Invmved In foregoing t pics such a6 86adeble housing out trans oration to recreation. Percelved as Trot compatible with landscape or older homes —Mwailp disturbing, too Arched ural style of naw housing Negative dense. Salta hwsing pmgrsm Nagel. A few expressed concoct that govammenl efforts not meeting needs of wider Population. concentration In DHHL Loss a bamtlonel uses of Katlua A raw genre community (business) stakeholdam sad longstanding aciivltles like the Iron. Negative ler due M u" ships o man Tdathlon and large canoe .res are being displaced or required to reschedule. Need for reNlallietion of Kailas Memlanetl mast often by bummos peope andmr a few ^oldurnew. who remember the All'! Negative was a viskor area Drive area as Iain once more attracilve to local residents as well as w visitors. Kona Kai Ola Social Impact Aseassmanf Page IIIA g� m m $mmmc $ EBivw `y »EOY w'vi m .ec$ E m$@ C La v E mt.�m c��. pp3¢ppp3 � � m_mar mr.t`c a= E`$E a v®aY `- 12 dr�–n _EBR.r �.. v c if w j– Lc nE E m$Y5 c �� ul ye$ 1 LE E >, r� m m � C Ow Q '� X c 'Q c E E c v `O '.-- 3 o f m. 9 E R. E' main.m i .0 m Y mEm oEaE r@ggn �t E8r mac =," z .-�` E d�8$ cOaTEm 'gEffi $$'.1 » En @ v $ �_ �m u 0 z8 E'LmmE c.4a m of c cEoa o ccca m 'o'mm 03.40 1mt Za oYoa E 'S IS m Mwe a m�+p�'wEa EW ME 2 Bs. « ° E u " mw j mpyL'''`i mI c@� Echo C m »@E E ec�'S9mL'`gcmEm°� �° Y EmL 0 mE m11a@�oD ...m` c mE W S«�D'e m 7r e.cc� e .o n g °' @ c calm m LmgE caE LEELD m -02 i pp m v 80 E0 E .w m @ E QEmE E m 0 rt W`oT« EW..m ma.�E .o c p a aa m $ a E 0 `o �.Bo W 5 a } o°�m3m dl m 3' mV- m w^ co c o @�La0 �` Oc StViV c"nEE L m•@ $ W ai c Sn °-�@�m x Y mem * pcC am £8c16 S0,�m m 0 0Lcm d 8 c a EE3rYn a Qm �m 0 E=8 LP c c�03 .2 am o "oE 7g�m v»a 6 til w m>. c�aL ri a O� Q E mSm -m Zy M C R c c C-M. c azi« mE m ng EmQ°' m -'-- a75 9- am m -m X8 m E 8 ac8 xa n@ m. =� c � om ,mmcpEa E EEm Wm �. mw Oc av�p L r m m EE as nr 1 E a`c D E cc c HC'{Zn mE « G Yggm C "fir my C Edm i@m ` o $ $ 8 8'�O O �a$o =c o $ ° .0 8. ro �q 5 mE n a gEa Ea E m 85 n 0m8 ma E EEE me -wc BE ac $ �. 8$_E r .m« �, m-E� Zy ¢a1im W L 3 S-8 » d xo$c Z FL mtr3 IN m p0 �@ @ �v �+ m E2 .2m � EE pp�cc� m wr�E 8.0 0' c @ �� Oa c E sm'cm « 0_M$n77S78c8 E@aa C'E o m°Ecm - .' �mW E m E @ �o...eo3 @ E °.�° c L �`-0 m 8 m mU m c Ndmra E W D«$•8 '8� Em @..� E @ cEEm`o m 04pm n�mmam Em �xmm m-°m� u E IE E.4 C`a '¢ogc�c82o$5 m 0 om 0 8 aUmE Fc -a o,8, s S I w'¢mm Oc r r I'd 1 All I .coy m rA W r r flk 1111111 s!► ma a J-M`K I John M. Knox Is Associates, Ino. OBtober 17, 2aa6 VERY FREQUENTLY MENTIONED With few exceptions the Intomewees were in favor of the project In the words of one,'The proposed project has success written as over it! The people of Klatt Hawes and the enOre Island, lar Nat matter, can possibly enjoy a new sadeoRMe"ed marine complex and wafer Creation ofjobs Pmi&e activity park This Is a good thirpf Kona Kai Ole's proposed development aim means new jobs and business opportunities forme and many peo* associated wish she madm Induffi here in Kone.' Ammer Interviewee's comments WGd the thoughts of many others, "A new industry why ro support and maintain the boats M the marina. The typical farmods Is 15 to 20% of Creation of e new Industry positiveevolve Me value of the boats In the harboris spent to maintain and operate the beets, rot InafthAng Wand daffy mnWMs. This translates inromMlons ofdoilarsIn prow revenue." The existing fuel dock Is in Ne bay mat Is designated as the aram nra channel W ma new marine. Boats, including the largest boats, press" back Into the fuel dock, stem to the do&. which means that may will extend directly Into fire new enhance channel. To Existing fuel dock Mixed accommodate the current operator, the slips makal of the Nei dock well haus M be eliminated and the boats relocated, but some inlarvlewees wondered s there would still be adeclusta clearance for the trolfie travelmo In and out of me new marina. Safety concerns regarding me harbor entrance channel during parade of high Burt were mentioned by all boaters. In me words of one charter boat captain, "The harbor entrance Issue is the single biggest inhiWmrla me success of the pmjact'. During periods at high rod, waves break on a shallow reef adjacent to me north breakwater and roll Into me Harbor entrance channel Negath a channel. On excepllonally big days, waves may Goes out across the entire channel. The addition of 800 more boats, marry of mem especially large boats with ceptsina unfamiliar with high suit conditions, will intensity me harbor channel as* Issues during periods of HIM sud. The waiting gsls for privals, or recreational, slips and for commercial, of corporate, slips are long. In additon, the purchase prices for corporate slips that are available, especlally the preferred slips near the harbor entrance, are Ngh. Interviewees have asked If any of Availability of harbor slips Negative the slips In me new marine will be under control of the Stale, and 8 not, will any of me slips be "affordable."There is a perception that members of the local boating community may not be able to afford a slip In me new madne. Kona Kai Ola Social Impact Asaeesment Page III -14 a1 ------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- go JaR m q_ S a i rn t E E z — m e c c t� ,sr59 v E Ec xI.- m c mag V0��r m w Z m „" ' t c m3m mo�� am.�'"�m pj' 2gg^m'> m �m..c a �EEai. m>-`` €ori `vin c a2oE�$ S m�a5 o tai gm n E'y-o5k Gg'ca mm- 2 dwd-8 kmimm$rE 5 3 m 00120 2m- t o $'ca c -'S -mg +� 0EEw� E E'.c naa P3-" w - in ow8i u2 mwm C1- u$FEm 5o�2YSv al E`a�a�$ mco�aao� �.210S o moo $,,.vE yo c P; a. a me m c ��°c °m'rn cht m EaE° a ac-aci �g ma alt m "v amr2 a wc m'QE ctc�im0m 1mS�oY, 2moZOcmun°c� eo En o oXE 0 m mm w �,S N�.m E °? 12b% ao�'S YE ccc bio ~ a Nmm m oro E Emc m z" m-n°.EE�ga Emco Yin r m z Fv y Rc aw c�" g g u p m E mW N@E @ c d urB`2$cofftE aV.E oor. ; r {g+� 00, a c m il aS c k� 0 5 E m E a °� $' m y m mv>>om ¢ 'v'g wa a$ cvg U m cmmc c g==m m �'2weo w vme9o�o o�..E v g2 muEv y.m8 W 0,15 `e o m � sol m'—v mo 0 >.c m c m So cv'oi m'nt _Hi...» m c'Dym m=oro a m a myMI! 2 �c`om F r est �'S a omv=_ m'm e� S.:9w mg2%, w a ce y v ra n u m o� y 2 m z !E c@ o nt m E� E Y$ 15 w� rn °c E� `a c 2t cm- o m�rt,E. oEam iiEc.c m > $mS.0=£ cm o=omE y N mE S6$m m$m 8 tv m 4 mm�E ° mm1tmU mom wcots E c 5 m=fie 0 2Sc �83� S o uV gi o no m as c m2O E Fal cmrrQB� = E '2E2� tic s °m aj N E°n .g' ?Tm� 0m2m a D SS & °�'v o'm m°t `9095 a -m D it - a0 c my t3� rR o,2 E" y^v o mmm�i ai E 8 wv m`c m = tl1a 3C�m ryi� a v_!ac 'v=alE ca oro cEma m =1 s: mQ mm m m ° w �i c N m Et a ° ° 5 E a Te a@ °'" m E �j3 ` °>� CL''�02 >, R i mn$E°. E Eg EB ni ¢U '112 cmmm�>> �= tozk� x �2o�EE m y v xn°'.R TS my 0m�3mm e O c,= m s `✓ ri ri W m 5 m > 5 m sw W J•1V1eK John M. Knox B Associates, Inc October 17, 2006 Impact on nmtnmerbeeefor boat Some charter boat captains think the new marine will bring more darter boars W Kona and Heaters err Kone Kg Ole Social Impact Assessment Page 11416 the existim customer base reducingcharter o ortunities for evarrone. We Impact an o shom fishing storks ase Je M John M. Knox & Associates, Inc. October 17, 2006 ew1 sIM Public access to the shoreline an the scum side of the harbor leads to an unpaved harbor Impact on nmtnmerbeeefor boat Some charter boat captains think the new marine will bring more darter boars W Kona and Heaters Negatwe that Nle will Mgefivaiy Impact their business. They mink Ne addMonei bowls will NN out the existim customer base reducingcharter o ortunities for evarrone. Some charter boat capaiw and other non-cammerdal gahen have suggested that an Impact an o shom fishing storks Negative Inanities of charter beats and other non-commandal sport Mine. will have a negative impact on the sport fishma resource by reducing the fish slacks. FAIRLY OFTEN MENTIONED Public access to the shoreline an the scum side of the harbor leads to an unpaved harbor overlook and W Mule Beach, a small pocket m MIcM6aus, santl near the enhance channel. Shoreline public access Mixed Many visit= and resawas pads at the over ook, using the site as a passive park W "Itch the boat b ffic moving In and out aMe harbor. Inlerwewees wondered'd Ne same opportunity. to watch boat traffic from can wig stili exist after the pointares is deve[Wed. The same overtook area mentioned above is well u an unimproved parking lot for Mule Beach. Inlervlewwes wandered U public parking forme beachwill be provided with the development of the point. In addition, while Urea Is no comfort station at Ne beach, one Is available in the harbor, which snot bo far from Ne beech. When the crew entrance Public facilities for Mule Beach Mizell channel is cut for Ne new marine, It will eliminate access W the comfort gallon In tla harbor. Interviewees wondered IT ramrod $Man will be provided W same the beach goers. Trash is also an issue al the beach and is picked up by volunteers who came In after every weekend. Beach and park maintenance Med W be a pad more public access ane public fadfitles, - OCCASIONALLY MENTIONED WFAo Bshtng In the harbor Is ieepat. Ushing for hast, guvenfk akuis, W bigryed send) a an accepted acUv6y on the outer shores of the harbor when these fish school in herbore Shoreline fishing in and around! the Mixed antl bays during the summer and all. kMa dewaes wondered whether this traditional harbor acivity will be Permitted with the development of the new marina. They ales wondered whether Mining will be Permitted in the lagoon areas of Me new marina, which am norri boatim areas. Bark park at Mule Beach Mixed The Alus Beech Nee Is used cue an unofficial 'bark perk: where peeps walk their dogs. InsMawess wonderad U this activity will still be _ _. Iltetl. Kom Kai Ola Social Impact Aeaessmanf Page Ill -16 Irei A• vw ,w E e m^5�ai c m gc_ 2S E C E€ c $ m e m m e d Ti c im aEi $mE Ep$ma E`m 00- me w0 v O 3.�:o mmmm oo- E,m SE r 'd EQa c°� $m;�z - Eq 3o c. v rmcm o.P y d mi, i6'm£a mn'm Eam agy o.`fJ'o-oo Em`o m�? ^ V o3«mvE L°LS ,--� oc 33 DEmmc i mdmm0 p n y Ecc ma `o dt '� cd o;�'$' p %c«E3 -v o, Za.y��m mmo % z c m c c m.@%` d Y«E Ca�i >m 'E �. m 2-0 c '^mJ q v v �Ddm $a J pit g�eme a3v o vEE :�'+« �g.o@m J 0 c LE« @ E 8.@co �mr g U E£8ui E yE.3 gd a _�w2 Ua.�e$$mmmm mCE*6mWJE ?c P = EE£9m CLQ Vo E$mm5'"Nw S'.}}Tcdn>c<���sa$cnE-S.EmmE£ mav. E to Eo U mom, mon EItP -.$ .�E c„ U. 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E E O 'ma m y 9 n o c a E w i m `�i �'y m E E$ D a v � «SP o$u YLa� z $~y C c o�m.w 8- cd c .0 E y m w 8. c I d -6 -d E c@ m m ontEc �`o mmo- E mmm«�E mLE� vc5 +am 3 0 y!E •- �'•-«J-g m@E8' c Ko FL mLa o"E. nm=a c m£ 5%g 'SF o;` e£E'S y m wm'W b ta38E W0 r ''y.m im L° �ScmE� aTiao > m .°e 0c''a02 mE' vd ym=c dd dmE-' dwa �>�� J mao a4xa m� n., ; cac ma _c' ¢c E-2 mm mn@c n _°.a EmTdc wt3cm mLE 8 p mL�' as mmmm m Eg yua.m a E € e vym ams �o cpp$amm a'a n c Coc aci �«Emm�`8 �.«$ w C7aE W. m- 3.J m mJE«m m .��(q QS Q' �'�J- - m yg�� zea a m8k h2 m c c d J � C m T IEi =@mOcl 'oym-'ms «mmm EE m=a EmE�A.- ...m O-0 aa craEvtUm wgMFL. gE 5 _$c mEuym '98 kE mQ mm adco « OmR N -ea-c«JE vnm o E O E om ?� nmmy 'oa- m m aEmJFnv ZI«EmH„mER u_macmdm«m e `o >« cEuni 09 EZmYa° wi i'1 J -M oK John M. Knox 8 Aeaodatea, Inc. October 117, 2006 rrm .n Korn Kai OM Soelel ripest Assessment Page III -20 we. me ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ww 7oMs— John M. Knox aAssoclatm,Inc. October 17,2006 wee Exhibit It": Summary of Broader (Non-MarinalShorellne) Issues Related to Project Both JDI'a national reputation for "green" development and He community outreach were JDI reputation and/or outreach Mixed (but cited by a number of InleMewess. A smeller number cald they doubted res trNh or effort in dale more positive) epplica-dlity, of JDI's reputation, and thought the outreach had been too restricted or Unqueetieubly Ne major concern about the pmjecl, and fled to next three issues below— selective. Negative There were several complimentary and enthusiask comments about the deep -ocean coW Mixed (but water air conditioning and harbor circulation plans, as well as me u)gmde of the average Specific environmental oataea mow potltva) treatment plant Howevar, a few thought the STP remained a liability for the project, doubting visual and odor effects multi be totally etminated. Some urged JDI to seek away to take over and lixat operate. the plant— Dart of general distrust or covernmend Sense time ars ton meq baski of whaover type—perceived burden on NMwaWqure The developer's general Intent "a applauded by a number of people, and wend of These Overall Mixed Use approach — Mixed (split thought a waterfront development world be a Kill venue for mixing vlaitore and bringing wider community into ares opinions) residents In their leisure hours. Others questioned whether local people would acoalhy reaction was party o map showing undifferentiated blabs of development, which may want to come to anyplace that fell like a resort or ad substantial numbers of upscale achkas nearby. Vmlle a number or People mid %M don't read newjobs nes^ (endo/ dldm want mow While there was some rucho i to timeshares in particular, the larger concent was o the service employment), sane in to business secor pointed to the apparent winding -down of Employment Mumd the current business cycle and the hope that his project could help in upcoming down times. Construction jobs associated with harbor expansion could be pararsarly needoo if facing that the more resat the mode difficult to attract local residents Ino the act Me howho boom comas to a halt Increasing radial andlor rich -poor Negeflve Mentioned by a number of those who said they apposed the project—part as feeling that divides Ion time [oral residents ars mine subsumed by outsiders. Impacts on adjacent National Some 101elviewees brought up concerns slmsar o twee expressed by Nagawl Hlaonul Historical Park Negative Park (see Section 3.7). it should be noted tial one or two Native Hewaltans, however, thou m the project could help prepare via" o appreciate Ne resource had door. off -ate _. or that the community would ore sufficionflY away even t it orae. OCCASIONALLY MENTIONED Co -development of DHHL and ssive PO Fear "a that, t the JDI project Is not approved, the Iwo parcels would become a DLNR s a mfsh-mash of posselow confliccing uses. Elimination of golf mum Positive A few ale geld thls wase tltive thing, tonfor mb it reasons. Opporonities in mmmerdial area Positive The few who meniloresd We were looking o specific uses, such as cal iral activities or day EE?" Potential for Ind Positive (tho' utp revs molar. Impact on Kathie %Allege Mixed Conditional positive if all the connections (including shuttles and waor taxis) really eneral KeaMo[0-Honokthau area Ion lememed But also oar that naw deve men[ could "suckthe tre" from VM e. rrm .n Korn Kai OM Soelel ripest Assessment Page III -20 we. me ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ww 7oMs— John M. Knox aAssoclatm,Inc. October 17,2006 wee Exhibit It": Summary of Broader (Non-MarinalShorellne) Issues Related to Project Kona Kai Ola Secy/Impact Assessment Page III -19 sea ear ..w VERY FREQUENTLY MENTIONED Unqueetieubly Ne major concern about the pmjecl, and fled to next three issues below— TreflIG general growth Impacts Negative which arguably ecu MI subsets of (gr at least greatly overlapping with) this ores. Related w sense m current Infrastructure overwhelm. A few people mod this may have abated by the time the project actually dwel s' others said "Just bad timing or a lame proposal /row.' Sense time ars ton meq baski of whaover type—perceived burden on NMwaWqure Quantity (sale/deneity) M Negative arch delene d to community use of awe. (In fairness o JDI, it should be pointed out development reaction was party o map showing undifferentiated blabs of development, which may ma . sense of density. But vection was ales to estimated numerical unit mums. While there was some rucho i to timeshares in particular, the larger concent was o the Resort character m development Negative extent of visitor uses in genevl— mode visitor and lnmigrent worker growth, but alma facing that the more resat the mode difficult to attract local residents Ino the act Despite DLNR's pvhlblton of on-time reslike l uses, many tat that true 4 Mesad Use" Project lase onsite affordable Negative 'could be unachievable wit"vsidentsl In general and affordable In partailar. Them residentiM al using component was skeptician that County roWlremmts for affordable housing would be actually surfaced off -ate _. or that the community would ore sufficionflY away even t it orae. FAIRLY OFTEN MENTIONED Kealakehe mad — connectiono Those who talked about this expressed strong desire or the potential traffic relief that the Keller a intevecton Positive Improvements and extension to Kellue could bring. (Il should be noted that 1 or 2 others improvements wade skeptical the new dead would aclually drain much baffle from the main Potential for Ind Positive (tho' utp revs featureal Does" the most �h�echyet of panple mid they thought this t JD a me development o(el or conditional) development. tong b not one tiermber JDI, or DHa emphasized. eneral KeaMo[0-Honokthau area Sae discussion in accorriminyino tad Guttural sans", components Positive Some of the Native Hawaiian ird"aweas expressed faith that JDI would successfully ince rete culture no to development and would provide into five sexual. Menne adencaeduaU,m Positive Although people were aware this remains a conceptual component these was definite coon nems Inoresl in the potential or more marine research andfor education In Kone. Kona Kai Ola Secy/Impact Assessment Page III -19 sea ear ..w sA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ase - L Jar M John M. Knox a Associates, Inc. October 17, 2006 NOW, y eaa JM•K ! John M. Knox & Associates, Inc. October 17, 2006 ov Mixed +r F—n.dh.=.., 9 Mlxee WN lw as concept of harbor expansion Negagw him Opposition to public lands for any Negafive private dwel ant sm Opposition to any new coastal Negative level am 11101111 impact on wislln horels N efive Concern that eximin Mlais —In be hermetl b mm- -Fears about blasting of harbor Cautionary Raised as a likely future public concern, espedally gwn schools up meuka and other uses ado me =A. drat ndansNe btic notice mea be iwn to.,vent anxi ane an er. Resort feasib111 Doubly Questions about depth of tkneshere market ability to market leasehold products. I� # Kona Kai Ob Social Impact Assessment Page 111-22 sA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ase - L Jar M John M. Knox a Associates, Inc. October 17, 2006 NOW, y eaa ase Im w shal Kom Kai Ola Social Impact Assessment Page IIF21 Mixed A wry few sold this was a good thing. that Kona had enough semrm homes ... but a wry fw others thought secondhwneovmere would be more likely to develop a sense of communti and wcultl amens lase traffic than timeshare residents end assudatetl obs. F—n.dh.=.., Severei said they were concemed that highway commensal projects would block vio w, at Mlxee that buildings would be Jacked up' on berms and stick out like sore thumbs. But several others said they credited JDI plana to provide substantial open spam and good vl lanes.c concept of harbor expansion Negagw There ware tw, quite dMerent reasons (1) A few preferred tlevebping a deep -draft harbor at HonokMeu for cruise ship& (2) Others objectee th amommo iatig pleasure boalars when more basic needs are not being mel. Opposition to public lands for any Negafive private dwel ant Generel principle Chet OHHL lanes should bo used only for housing anti/or DLNR lands should b , wed only for recrmtimal or similar public purposes. Opposition to any new coastal Negative level am Garland principle that no further development Should be secured must of Queen Ka'shumanu Highway. impact on wislln horels N efive Concern that eximin Mlais —In be hermetl b mm- -Fears about blasting of harbor Cautionary Raised as a likely future public concern, espedally gwn schools up meuka and other uses ado me =A. drat ndansNe btic notice mea be iwn to.,vent anxi ane an er. 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