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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0211.002 2006-2008 ~ SY M M." r~ Harry Kim ::4 , Christopher J. Yaea h7ayar Director a•;,.+' Brad Karokawa, ASLA (~~~r LEEI1~ AP ll-1TLYYCf~'t D# ~2Ifl1FYLt DepoN~ctor PLANNING DEPARTMENT 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720-3043 (808) 961-8288 • FAX (808)961-8742 ~IV~ Q~.._..--- , ~ , . CaeaiY Counch , June 14, 2006 Mr. Gianni Longo PrincipaUOwner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. 434 Broadway, Suite 406 New York, New York 10013 Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee 81-950 Onouli Road Kealakekua, HI 96750 Mr. Eazl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation 1907 South Beretania Street, Suite 400 Honolulu, HI 96826 Dear Messrs. Longo, Melrose and Matsukawa: SUBJECT: KONA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN COMMENTS This letter contains some suggestions and comments for the Kona Community Development Plan. It comes after a review of the ideas and themes in the small group meetings and from preliminary results of the larger group meetings. Some of these suggestions build upon policies that aze already in the General Plan, but with more emphasis on the current situation in Kona. Some suggestions amplify comments I made to the Steering Committee on May 12. I want to thank the Steering Committee and our consultants for the excellent work they y Z ~ ~ Z have done so far, and I hope they find these suggestions useful and of some me Ref. o y~i~L Ref. date 2007 1 ; 1DD6 Hawaii Comity is an Equal OpporhmiN Provider and Employer. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 2 June 14, 2006 Overall Growth Policies The CDP should contain an explicit discussion of growth: what causes it, and what the general public policies should be toward it. We shouldn't simply take it as a given, but we must also be realistic about the range of options to handle growth. Most of the major themes and concerns expressed by the public in the small group meetings-traffic, congestion, loss of open space, potential loss of historic sites-are symptoms of rapid growth in population, with the accompanying land development. North Kona grew from a resident population of 4832 in 1970 to 28,543 in 2000. After a slump from 1992 to 1999, growth is surging again: about 3700 building permits for new residential units were issued in the six-year period from 2000 to 2005. Governmental policies can affect growth. The development of the Kona and South Kohala coast from 1970 on was a result of deliberate policies. The State government built the Queen Kaahumanu Highway, the Kona Airport, and Honokohau Harbor to promote this as a visitor destination area. State and County authorities changed the zoning and other land use designations for Kuki'o, Huaialai, Kaupulehu, and the various South Kohala resorts to make them into resort centers. Land development causes growth in different ways. Some development generates further growth, like hotel development in a region with low unemployment, or second-home development. For example, when the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa opened, it needed about 2000 employees, and it had to hire many people who did not then reside in the region. Although much resort activity in West Hawaii now is centered on the second home market, which generates less employment, those attracted to live in second homes can be a significant element in the population. Visitors and other non-permanent residents can be a major part of the population in a resort community: on Maui, they make up about one-fourth of the people on-island at any given time. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 3 June 14, 2006 Growth-generating development induces a second type of development: the new employees need housing, schools, and stores. The development to take care of these demands can be called "growth-absorbing" development. Many of our problems exist because while we have had the growth-generating development of hotels and second homes, we have not had the growth-absorbing development of affordable homes for the workforce and community infrastructure like adequate public highways, schools, and parks. So if governmental policies can cause growth, can policies, such as land use regulations, limit the pace of growth? It is important to recognize that there is no absolute growth control. Americans have a constitutional right to travel and to settle within the United States. About 65% of the population increase on this island has come from people moving in from elsewhere, mostly the U.S. Mainland. (The remaining 35% is the excess of births over deaths.) Most new residents choose to move here because of natural beauty, clean air and water, and all the other amenities that we aze trying to protect, and people will continue to move to Hawaii as long as it is a desirable place to live. Although you cannot make a quota on the number of people allowed to live in Hawaii, what about a limit on the number of sites people can move to? Some communities do use zoning and other land use controls to limit their overall population. While land use controls over where development can occur are crucial for our future quality of life, there are several reasons why a strategy of strictly limiting building sites-not allowing any new rezoning in North and South Kona, for example-would have some unintended consequences. First, it won't stop growth: a great deal of growth is possible under existing zoning, particularly in the major resorts. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 4 June 14, 2006 Unfortunately, few of these zoned sites have any affordable housing requirements. Most got out of them in the late 1990's. Economic forces ensure that these zoned sites will be developed for the most lucrative markets, like affluent second home buyers and retirees buying homes in Kona using equity from other high-cost areas like California. This mazket will bid up the limited available sites. Without some new zoning, there will be no place in the region for ordinary workers to live, and they will commute from outside: from the Ocean View area, where there are 10,000 vacant lots, or from East Hawaii. (There were about 200 building pennits issued for new homes in the Ocean View area for new residential units in 2005, vs. 481 in all of North Kona, and only 78 in South Kona.) We see the symptoms of this in the long line of cars heading south through Kainaliu or east through Waimea in the late afternoon, carrying commuters from work to home. This is a dysfunctional land use pattern. The road network cannot sustain it, and it is likely that long-distance commuting will be an even less viable lifestyle in a few years for ecological and economic reasons. This is essentially why the Planning Department has supported recent rezonings in the Kailua-Kona azea that were primarily geared to increasing housing opportunities: to create some sites where the private sector is required to build affordable housing, to allow workers to live closer to the job centers. What should the specific policies be toward growth? We should be trying to absorb and accommodate growth, rather than trying to boost it. There are some communities that promote any growth-inducing development. This was the overall attitude of the state government, at least, toward West Hawaii in the 1970's, and has at times been the attitude of various elected officials in the County goverrunent. Unless the comments in the small group meetings are vastly unrepresentative, this is not the current mood of the Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 5 June 14, 2006 public in Kona. People want to slow down and have infrastmcture catch up with the growth that has already occurred. We should have a cleaz reason for supporting rezorungs and other land use changes. The typical reasons have to be that they will bring housing opportunities for low and moderate income people, and/or the developer will build a portion of the regional road network. We should oppose rezoning for growth-generating development like more hotels and timeshares. These will exacerbate current problems with traffic and lack of affordable housing. In particulaz, the proposed project around Honokohau Harbor, involving about 2500 hotel and timeshare uxrits, would be a huge growth generator in a region that is already straggling with the effects of too-rapid growth. Mixed Use It is apparent from community input and from some statements made by the CDP consultants that "mixed use" will be a major theme of the Kona CDP. "Mixed Use" means that you may have multifamily buildings and commercial uses in close proximity to single-family development. It was once the typical pattern in cities and towns. Zoning was originally a tool to prevent mixed use, to protect residential areas from noxious industrial uses, and, often, to enforce class segregation by keeping apartment buildings (usually rentals) away from single-family homes. Many planners today advocate mixed use as a tool to create communities that are less auto-dependent (because stores and jobs maybe closer to homes) and to reduce sprawl. Examples of "mixed use" areas in Kona are the older villages like Holualoa, Kainaliu, and Captain Cook, "Hamburger Hill" above McDonalds in Kailua-Kona, and, on a more limited scale, the small commercial area within "The Pines" development. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 6 June 14, 2006 We have to consider, however, how "mixed use" is going to be implemented. It is not a magic formula in itself. Some enlightened developers have created successful mixed use communities on the Mainland. If you have a private developer with enough ability, the job of the public planning authorities is easy. But in Kona, where many of the remaining land parcels aze relatively small, we are likely to find individual owners who want to implement one part of the "mixed use" strategy, like commercial zoning on an acre of land, in a way that may not be compatible with residential use. In Hawaii County, some neighborhoods seem to have functioned well under "mixed use" for many decades. We can also point to neighborhoods where the introduction of commercial and multi-family zoning seems to drive out the single-family homeowners. The land use tools we have in Hawaii County currently do not adequately ensure that commercial zoning will be compatible with adjacent or nearby residential development. We will need help in overhauling our zoning codes if we are going to implement mixed use on a large scale. Currently, a mixed residential/commercial use would include either an "RCX" (residential-commercial) zone, or a "CN" (neighborhood commercial) or "CV" (village commercial) zone. Although the RCX zone was meant to mix small-scale commercial uses in residential areas, it does not have clear limits. For example, it allows "restaurants", but that could be anything from a little lunch shop to a big fast-food restaurant catering to drive-through traffic. Similarly, the CN and CV zones allow a wide range of uses that may or may not be compatible with nearby residences. We also do not have the tools to require mixed use or higher density, unless it is made a specific condition of a zoning ordinance. For example, Kona has had a couple of fairly large residential projects which were zoned to include commercial areas, to create "mixed use", where the developer ended up building homes in the commercial area, because the commercial use did not prove viable, and homes are allowed in commercial zoning. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 7 June 14, 2006 Current zoning only regulates maximum density. Even though we may want a denser, more clustered project to reduce sprawl, the developer can choose to build to a lower density. We have examples of this occurring because the developer felt they could make more money with lower density. Unless these controls are put into rezoning ordinances on a case-by-case basis, which is awkward and complex, we will need to revise the zoning code to ensure that mixed use and clustered development do occur properly. Specific ZoninE and Land Use Controls In the earlier section about growth I discussed the limits on the ability to control the overall amount of growth of a region through land use decisions. The land use system does enable quite a bit of control over where growth occurs, though. The General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map embodies a land use plan where most future urban growth in Kona is directed to the area roughly between Keauhou and the Kau ahupua'a (currently the "Palamanui" development), and in the existing coastal resorts north of Kailua-Kona: Manini'owali-Kuki'o-Hualalai Resort- Kona Village-Kaupulehu. These growth areas are designated High, Medium, and Low Density Urban, Resort, Industrial, or Alternate Urban Expansion in the LUPAG map. The mauka extent of this urban growth is roughly along Hwy. 190 north of Palani Rd., and roughly the old railroad grade between Palani and the Honalo Junction of Kuakini and Hwy. 180 (the Old Mamalahoa Highway.) This is a very large area and needs to be planned as a series ofsub-areas. On the other hand, the LUPAG maps show very little future urban development in South Kona, mostly along the Mamalahoa Highway in the vicinity of existing villages like Captain Cook. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 8 June 14, 2006 The CDP should reinforce this land use plan. More specifically, in South Kona, the CDP should contain a policy against large-scale rezoning ofagriculturally-designated land (Important Ag, Extensive Ag, and Orchards in the LUPAG maps), and against rezoning of Open and Conservation designated lands. The CDP should have a similar policy against large-scale rezonings in North Kona outside of the designated urban azeas, with exceptions that I will discuss below. These policies against rezoning outside of the designated urban azeas will tend to focus development in a more compact area, and preserve agricultural land and open space. Most of the ag-designated lands in South Kona are currently zoned either A-Sa (mainly those near the highway or makai of the highway) or A-20a (typically the more mauka lands.) Lots can be subdivided to 5 acres in A-Sa zoning and 20 acres in A-20a zoning. The rezoning policy would discourage conversion of the existing agricultural areas to lots of I-3 acres in size. These tend to be more large-lot suburbs rather than truly agricultural and if allowed on a large scale will greatly transform South Kona. Because of the infrastructure and land costs, subdivisions of 1-3 acre lots are not going to be part of an affordable housing solution. The policy should not forbid small-scale rezoning, for example, a family that owns a 7 acre lot zoned A-Sa that wants an FA-3a rezoning to create a second lot. These kinds of decisions can continue to be handled on a case-by-case basis. It should prevent, to give another example, rezoning 100 acres currently zoned A-Sato FA-2a. This policy would mean, for example, that you could not rezone a large area to do another Hokuli'a-type project, on land not designated in one of the urban categories, or rural, on the LUPAG map. The policy should allow the reallocation of density within existing zoning. For example, in an area of 1000 acres that is zoned A-20a, it should allow the reallocation of the same Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 9 June 14, 2006 number of lots to some smaller and some larger lots. (This can already be done administratively through an agricultural PUD.) Also in the realm of exceptions, the county administration has been working with the owner of the "Makalei" properties on a potential LUPAG map amendment to rural to permit some rezoning just north of the current urban growth area in the LUPAG map, and possibly some urban designation to accommodate onsite affordable housing. The public purpose here is to secure cooperation with the implementation of the overall roadway plan, which calls for a mauka-makai road within this property. There has also been along-standing policy, based on two council resolutions, to permit some rezoning within the Kaloko Mauka subdivision. See p. 8-3 and 8-4 of the 2005 General Plan. The CDP should recognize the existence and validity of the Hokuli'a project, consistent with the settlement of the court case. The County rezoned the area to permit one-acre lots in 1994 and 1996, and has a development agreement recognizing its right to proceed. Recognition of this project's right to proceed does not mean rezoning; it means recognizing its existing zoning. Planning for Specific Growth Areas The CDP should give specific guidance for a number of sub-areas that are clearly going to be developed into urban areas someday, and are designated for urban use in the General Plan. Some of these cover different private owners and are hence difficult to coordinate. The Planning Deparhnent is working with the owners on some of these, and has a number of working principles, but the CDP should also have some clear guidelines and overall principles. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 10 June 14, 2006 Keahuolu. See Map "1". This 300 acre parcel, located north ofPalani Rd., is an ideal site for low and moderate income housing because it is centrally located neaz jobs and schools. It is the only large state-owned parcel in Kona that is not "ceded land", hence its development for eventual sale to homeowners should not produce the same legal controversies that delayed the state project on adjacent Kealakehe property. It has had azchaeological and botanical studies; there seem to be no insurmountable environmental constraints. The 2006 Legislature appropriated funds (which have not yet been released) to construct the "Mid-Level Road" extending Henry St. to the Kealakehe Parkway. This is the key to access for this property, so that residents can go in either direction, to Palani or to Kealakehe Parkway. The project has not been master-planned, however. It is obvious that mauka-makai road connections must be planned to the Queen Liliuokalani Trust property makai, and to the DHHL property mauka. Kailua View Estates-Hualalai Rd: Pualaui Estates. See Map " 2". This area, mauka of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway, between Kailua View Estates, Hualalai Rd., and Pualani Estates, is mostly zoned A-Sa now, is in the state land use agricultural district, but is alternate urban expansion in the General Plan, and is a logical area for future residential development. It has a number of different private owners, which makes coordinated development a challenge. There are also floodways that cross it. In keeping with roadway access principles, it should be developed so that there is a circulation within this entire azea pazallel to the Queen Kaahumanu Highway. In other words, there must be access from the existing stubouts on the north (Kakalina and Melelina), and connections to Hualalai Rd. and Puapuaanui Street. This would enable primary access into this area to be taken from the existing intersections of Nani Kailua Dr., Hualalai Rd., and Puapuaanui Street, rather than creating a new intersection or intersections with Queen Kaahumanu. In the zoning process, however, residents in the Kailua View Estates area may oppose access from the side streets. For this reason, it is important to set principles of development in the CDP. The Hualalai Rd. intersections maybe difficult to engineer because of curves on Hualalai Rd. There should also be a collector road across the mauka Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 11 June 14, 2006 end of this property as shown in the General Plan facilities map 2006 proposed interim amendments. Kealaka'a St: O'oma Homesteads. See Map " 3". This large area is north of Kealaka'a St. and encompasses several different private owners, including property owned by Lanihau Corp., a property now referred to as the "327" property, consisting of 327 acres, the former "Y.O." property, now owned by Stanford Carr Development, and property in O'oma Homesteads, recently brought under one ownership, the Shopoff Group. Most of this area is in the state land use agricultural district and is zoned A-Sa, but is either low density urban or alternate urban expansion in the LUPAG map. The Stanford Carr property is zoned for residential use, with commercial zoning near Hina Lani St., and is in the state land use urban district. Again, this is a logical area for future residential development. The Planning Department has been in discussions with the various landowners to make sure that future development includes: (1) the extension of Kealaka'a St. across Hina Lani and on to Holoholo St. in the north, according to the General Plan, (2) the preservation of a corridor for the future extension of the Kealakehe Parkway to the Mamalahoa Highway (because of grade, this will be an extremely expensive section of road to build and will probably not be accomplished in the near future), (3) the mauka extension of Kealakehe Parkway to Kealaka'a in tandem with private development of this area, and (4) some secondary parallel north-south connections between developments. If Kealaka'a is extended to Hina Lani, and the county builds the planned Manawale'a St. extension between Kealaka'a and the Kealakehe Parkway, residents in the mauka Kalaoa area will be able to use these streets to get to the Kealakehe High School and the planned County Civic Center. If the Mid-Level Road is built from Kealakehe Parkway to Henry St., they can get to the center of Kailua-Kona without using Queen Kaahumanu or Palani. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation , Page 12 June 14, 2006 Long-term Protected Open Space One of the major public concerns is long-term preservation of open space. We should recognize that much of the Kona coastline is currently protected by virtue of being in public ownership and dedicated to park use, and that by consistently applying current land use controls we can protect much of the remaining coastline that is not currently zoned for development. There are also ongoing efforts to protect mauka lands. . In particular, the vision of a 15-mile protected coastal park from the Kuki'o Resort to Honokohau Harbor is close to being achieved. Maps "4" and "5" show this azea. Most of this coastline belongs to the state, and much of the state land is protected by being under executive order as the Kekaha Kai State Pazk. The remaining state land contains areas north of the Kona Airport, which will not be developed because of airport noise (among other reasons), the airport itself, and NELHA. While these may not be all formally dedicated to park use, they will function as long-term coastal open space. The azea between Kohanaiki and Honokohau Hazbor is protected as the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Pazk. Within this 15 miles of coastline, there are four large private properties:Manini'owali, Makalawena, O'oma 2d, and Kohanaiki. The Manini'owali project has land use approvals, but private ownership is set back 1000' from the shoreline and there is another 400' setback to the homes. Makalawena is owned by Kamehameha Schools. Although the owner applied for a resort in 1987, that was withdrawn and Kamehameha Schools' last discussion with the Planning Department was that they want to keep the property as a natural resource for their educational programs. It is in the state land use conservation district, and is conservation in the General Plan, so existing land use controls prevent major development. South of NELHA, O'oma 2d is also in the state land use conservation district. The 2005 General Plan LUPAG map shows an "Open" area along the coast 1200'-1800' deep, with the remainder of the property as "Alternate Urban Expansion", so any future land use approvals should include this major setback from the Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 13 June 14, 2006 ocean. Finally, Kohanaiki is being developed under the terms of a 2003 SMA permit that requires homes to be 500'-800' from the shoreline, although there will be a small residents' beach facility near the shoreline. The Kohanaiki coastal area will be dedicated to the County in the near future under the terms of the SMA permit. The CDP should reinforce the vision of this long-term protected coastal open space area. Unfortunately, there is relatively little public open space along Alii Dr. between Kailua- Kona and Keauhou. The lack of such space was one major reason for the county's recent acquisition of the "Honl's" property for $3 million. Between Keauhou and Napo'opo'o, the coastline is currently almost all undeveloped except for a few homes. The Hokuli'a development is required to keep its coastline as an open space park, with a depth of 300' from the shoreline in most areas. The proposed interim LUPAG map amendments include a redesignation of most of the coastal area between Hokuli'a and Napo'opo'o as "Conservation". The National Park purchased 238 acres in Ki'ilae, adjoining the Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Park, which will also be protected as open space and as a historic site. On mauka lands, the U.S. Forest Service has recently acquired a conservation easement over portions of McCandless Ranch, and has a program that can acquire more such easements. It would be very helpful if the CDP would suggest open space strategies for the preferred growth areas, like those listed earlier. Although these are logical places for future development, there should be open areas within these developments. The current General Plan does not really address this. Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 14 June 14, 2006 Roads and Traffic The County will be releasing a "County Action Plan" for Kona roads very shortly, which we will also share with the Community Development Plan consultants and Steering Committee. We hope that it can be adopted as part of the CDP, with whatever modifications and improvements that come from the CDP process. It embodies many of the concepts in the interim General Plan amendments for roadways, with specifies about timelines and funding. I will be happy to discuss any of these topics further with the Steering Committee and our consultants. Sincer ; ~ , ' l L; CHRISTOPHER J. EN Planning Director CJY:pak Wpwin60/Chris 2/Kona Community Development Plan Comments Attachments cc: Mayor Hany Kim Ms. Nancy Pisicchio Members of the Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Roy Takemoto Mr. Brad Kurokawa Long Range Section Planning Section Mr. Gianni Longo Principal/Owner ACP-Visioning & Planning, Ltd. Mr. Kenneth M. Melrose, Chair Kona Community Development Plan Steering Committee Mr. Earl Matsukawa, AICP Director of Planning Consulting Group Wilson Okamoto Corporation Page 15 June 14, 2006 cc: Ms. Jane Testa Mr. Michael Kwartler, FAIR Mr. Harrison B. Rue Mr. Jim Charlier, AICP Mr. David Paul Rosen Mr. Will Allen r' - - ~ .`L; ~ ~ Oj'~' s ~ _a; ~a~aK~ ~ ~ ~If . i ` ~ Oa~~ ;i i i. ~ - I 1 i 4:'. V\ am , ~ , ~ ~i t Keahuolu (State) , a <~L ~i Mak~I~pna,Center ~Q~~ ` / >1 Q~e~ ~ RdahU~dn4 q x ~ > r ~ " ~ ~ _ n. r ~ S. 0 750 1,500 3,000 4,500 6,000 Feet Map 1 -Keahuolu pr. 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