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Home My WebLink AboutCOM 0547.003 2006-2008ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 (Includes ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Addenda listed in Appendix F) ASHRAE STANDARD Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low -Rise Residential Buildings I -P Edition See Appendix F for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, the IESNA Board of Directors, and the American National Standards Institute. This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the stan- dard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form from theASHRAE Web site, http://www.ashrae.org, or in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: orders@ashrae.org. Fax: 404.321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527- 4723 (for orders in U.S. and Canada). 0 Copyright 2004 ASH RAE. Inc. Jointly sponsored by ISSN 1041-2336 o,��yrlcan Natlp�r� Illuminating Engineering Society � LIGHTING of North America AUTHORITY 120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005-4001 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 www.as Comm: No, Ref. TapreSented H SEbC M 1,, ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 90.1 Cognizant TC: TC 7.6, Systems Energy Utilization SPLS Liaisons: Hugh F. Crowther and Michael H. Tavares ASHRAE Staff Liaison: Mark Weber IESNA Liaison: Rita M. Harrold Jerry W. White, Jr., Chair Richard V. Heinisch Edward P. O'Brien James M. Calm, Vice -Chair Randall T Higa James A. Ranfone Donald F. Steiner, Vice -Chair Adam W. Hinge Eric E. Richman Karim Amrane Billy G. Hinton, Jr. Jack F. Roberts Wagdy A.Y. Anis John F. Hogan Michael I. Rosenberg Anthony M. Arbors Samantha Holloman Steven Rosenstock William P. Bahnfleth William G. Holy Robert D. Ross Albert R. Barfield Graham C. Hunter, II Donald L. Sampler Pete Baselici J. Delaine Jones Van D. Baxter Hyman M. Kaplan David A. Schaaf, Jr. Denise M. Beach Gersil N. Kay Leonard C. Sciarra Donald L. Beaty Steven D. Kennedy Bipin Vadilal Shah Albert W. Black, III Larry Kouma Peter Simmonds Valerie L. Block Ronald D. Kurtz Stephen V. Skalko Donald M. Brundage Samantha H. LaFleur Larry G. Spielvogel Ernest A. Conrad Michael D. Lane Frank A. Stanonik Charles C. Cottrell Dean E. Lewis Joseph K. Ting Roy Crane Steven J. Lit T. Ming Tran Joseph J. Deringer Richard Lord Cedric S. Trueman David Duly Kenneth Luther Martha G. VanGeem Keith I. Emerson Ronald Majette Carl Wagus Drake H. Erbe Itzhak H. Maor Frederick F Wajcs, Jr. Douglas S. Erickson Carol E. Marriott McHenry Wallace, Jr. Thomas A. Farkas R. Christopher Mathis Richard D. Watson Charles R. Foster, III Merle F. McBride Allan B. Fraser Michael W. Mehl David Weitz James A. Garrigus Harry P. Misuriello Robin Wilson Jason J. Glazer Louis J. Molinini Michael W. Woodford Ashok Gupta - John Montgomery Dale L. Woodin S. Pekka Hakkarainen Frank T. Morrison Thomas R. Worlledge Katherine G. Hammack Frank Myers Donald R. Wulfinghoff Susanna S. Hanson Ronald G. Nickson Stanley W. Zajac Van D. Baxter, Chair Davor Novosel, Vice -Chair Donald B. Bivens Dean S. Borges Paul W. Cabot Charles W. Coward, Jr. Hugh F. Crowther Brian P. Dougherty Hakim Elmandy Matt R. Hargan Richard D. Hermans John F. Hogan ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2003-2004 Claire B. Ramspeck, Manager of Standards SPECIAL NOTE Frank E. Jakob Stephen D. Kennedy David E. Knebel Frederick H. Kohloss Merle F McBride Mark P. Modera Cyrus H. Nasseri Stephen V. Santoro Gideon Shavit David R. Tree James E. Woods Ross D. Montgomery, BOD ExO Kent W. Peterson, CO This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed underthe auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is def ned by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as "substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution" Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review. ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project Committee Chair and Vice -Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for: a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard, b. participation in the next review of the Standard, c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard. DISCLAIMER ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE's Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk. ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDS ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary. In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE. on CONTENTS ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low -Rise Residential Buildings SECTION PAGE Foreword........................................................................................................................................................................................4 1 Purpose..............................................................................................................................................................................4 2 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................4 3 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms..........................................................................................................................4 4 Administration and Enforcement.......................................................................................................................................15 5 Building Envelope.............................................................................................................................................................17 6 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning........................................................................................................................31 7 Service Water Heating......................................................................................................................................................56 8 Power................................................................................................................................................................................59 9 Lighting.............................................................................................................................................................................60 10 Other Equipment............................................................................................................................................................... 67 11 Energy Cost Budget Method.............................................................................................................................................68 ,,... 12 Normative References......................................................................................................................................................77 Normative Appendices (these appendices are normative and part of this standard) Appendix A: Rated R -Value of Insulation and Assembly U -Factor, C -Factor, and F -Factor Determinations ......................80 Appendix B: Building Envelope Climate Criteria..............................................................................................................109 Appendix C: Methodology for Building Envelope Trade -Off Option in Subsection 5.6 .....................................................121 AppendixD: Climatic Data................................................................................................................................................130 Informative Appendices (these appendices are informative and not part of this standard) Appendix E: Informative References................................................................................................................................164 Appendix F: Addenda Description Information.................................................................................................................166 AppendixG: Performance Rating Method........................................................................................................................169 NOTE When addenda, interpretations, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at http://www.ashrae.org. © Copyright 2004 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 wr www.ashrae.org All rights reserved. (This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merely informative and does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard. It has not been pro- cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a stan- dard and may contain material that has not been subject to public review or a consensus process. Unresolved objectors on informative material are not offered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.) FOREWORD The original Standard 90 was published in 1975 and revised editions were published in 1980, 1989, and 1999 using the ANSI and ASHR F periodic maintenance procedures. Based upon these procedures, the entire standard was publicly reviewed and published in its entirety each time. As technology and energy prices began changing more rapidly, however, the ASHRAE Board of Directors voted in 1999 to place the stan- dard on continuous maintenance, permitting the standard to be updated several times each year through the publication of approved addenda to the standard. Starting with the 2001 edi- tion, the standard is now published in its entirety in the fall of every third year. This schedule allows the standard to be sub- mitted and proposed by the deadline for inclusion or reference in model building and energy codes. All approved addenda and errata will be included in the new edition every three years. This procedure allows users to have some certainty about when new editions will be published. This 2004 edition ofthe standard has several new features and includes changes resulting from the continuous mainte- nance proposals from the public. The standard has been com- pletely reformatted for ease of use and clarity. The climate zones have been reduced from 26 to 8 and the Lighting LPDs have been reduced as well. The committee welcomes sugges- tions for improving the standard. Users of the standard are encouraged and invited to use the continuous maintenance procedure to suggest changes. A form, Submittal of Proposed Change, is included in the back of this standard. The commit- tee will take formal action on everyproposal received. The project committee is continually considering changes and proposing addenda for public review. When addenda are approved, notices will be published on the ASHRAE and IESNA Web sites. Users are encouraged to sign up for the free ASHRAE and IESNA internet list server for this standard to receive notice of all public reviews and approved and pub- lished addenda and errata. Changes from the previous 2001 edition of the standard are not marked in the margin, as was the practice with the 1999 edition, because of the extensive reformatting that has taken place in this 2004 edition. This edition corrects all known typographical errors in the 2001 standard. It includes the content of 31 addenda that were processed by the committee and approved by the ASHRAE and IESNA Boards of Directors. For the publication dates and brief descriptions of the addenda to 90.1-2001, see Appendix F. . 1. PURPOSE The purpose of this standard is to provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of buildings except low-rise residential buildings. 2. SCOPE 2.1 This standard provides: (a) minimum energy-efficient requirements for the design and construction of: 1. new buildings and their systems, 2. new portions of buildings and their systems, and 3. new systems and equipment in existing buildings and (b) criteria for determining compliance with these require- ments. 2.2 The provisions of this standard apply to: (a) the envelope of buildings, provided that the enclosed spaces are: 1. heated by a heating system whose output capacity is greater than or equal to 3.4 l3m/h-ft2 or 2. cooled by a cooling system whose sensible output capacity is greater than or equal to 5 Btu/h-ft , and (b) the following systems and equipment used in conjunction with buildings: 1. heating, ventilating, and air conditioning, 2. service water heating, 3. electric power distribution and metering provisions, 4. electric motors and belt drives, and 5. lighting. 2.3 The provisions of this standard do not apply to: (a) single-family houses, multi -family structures of three sto- ries or fewer above grade, manufactured houses (mobile homes) and manufactured houses (modular), (b) buildings that do not use either electricity or fossil fuel, or (c) equipment and portions of building systems that use energy primarily to provide for industrial, manufacturing, or commercial processes. 2.4 Where specifically noted in this standard, certain other buildings or elements of buildings shall be exempt. 2.5 This standard shall not be used to circumvent any safety, health, or environmental requirements. 3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS 3.1 General Certain terms, abbreviations, and acronyms are defined in this section for the purposes of this standard. These definitions are applicable to all sections of this standard. Terms that are not defined shall have their ordinarily accepted meanings within the context in which they are used. Ordinarily accepted meanings shall be based upon American standard English language usage as documented in an unabridged dictionary accepted by the adopting authority. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 0=1 '4rr 3.2 Definitions above -grade wall. see wall. access hatch: see door. addition: an extension or increase in floor area or height of a building outside of the existing building envelope. adopting authority: the agency or agent that adopts this stan- dard. alteration: a replacement or addition to a building or its systems and equipment; routine maintenance, repair, and service or a change in the building's use classification or cate- gory shall not constitute an alteration. annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE): an efficiency descriptor of the ratio of annual output energy to annual input energy as developed in accordance with the requirements of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 1 OCFR Part 430. attic and other roofs: see roof. authority having jurisdiction: the agency or agent responsi- ble for enforcing this standard. automatic: self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some nonmanual influence, such as a change in current strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical config- oration. (See manual.) automatic control device: a device capable of automatically turning loads off and on without manual intervention. balancing, air system: adjusting air flow rates through air distribution system devices, such as fans and diffusers, by manually adjusting the position of dampers, splitter vanes, extractors, etc., or by using automatic control devices, such as constant air volume or variable air volume boxes. balancing, hydronic system. adjusting water flow rates through hydronic distribution system devices, such as pumps and coils, by manually adjusting the position valves, or by using automatic control devices, such as automatic flow control valves. ballast. a device used in conjunction with an electric - discharge lamp to cause the lamp to start and operate under the proper circuit conditions of voltage, current, wave form, elec- trode heat, etc. (a) electronic ballast. a ballast constructed using electronic circuitry. (b) hybrid ballast. a ballast constructed using a combination of magnetic core and insulated wire winding and elec- tronic circuitry. (c) magnetic ballast: a ballast constructed with magnetic core and a winding of insulated wire. ANS1/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 baseline building design: a computer representation of a hypothetical design based on the proposed building project. This representation is used as the basis for calculating the baseline building performance for rating above -standard design. baseline building performance: the annual energy cost for a building design intended foruse as a baseline forrating above - standard design. below -grade wall: see wall. boiler. a self-contained low-pressure appliance for supplying steam or hot water. boiler, packaged. a boiler that is shipped complete with heat- ing equipment, mechanical draft equipment, and automatic controls; usually shipped in one ormore sections. A packaged boiler includes factory -built boilers manufactured as a unit or system, disassembled for shipment, and reassembled at the site. branch circuit: the circuit conductors between the final over - current device protecting the circuit and the outlet(s); the final wiring run to the load. budget building design: a computer representation of a hypo- thetical design based on the actual proposed building design. This representation is used as the basis for calculating the energy cost budget. building: a structure wholly or partially enclosed within exte- rior walls, or within exterior and party walls, and a roof, affording shelter to persons, animals, or property. building entrance: any doorway, set of doors, turnstiles, or other form of portal that is ordinarily used to gain access to the building by its users and occupants. building envelope: the exterior plus the semi -exterior portions of a building. For the purposes of determining building enve- lope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows: (a) building envelope, exterior. the elements of a building that separate conditioned spaces from the exterior. (b) building envelope, semi -exterior. the elements of a build- ing that separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or that enclose semiheated spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior, or to or from unconditioned spaces, or to or from condi- tioned spaces. building exit: any doorway, set of doors, or other form of portal that is ordinarily used only for emergency egress or convenience exit. buildinggrounds lighting: lighting provided through a build- ing's electrical service for parking lot, site, roadway, pedes- trian pathway, loading dock, and security applications. building material: any element of the building envelope through which heat flows and that is included in the compo- nent U -factor calculations other than air films and insulation. building official., the officer or other designated representa- tive authorized to act on behalf of the authority having juris- diction. C factor (thermal conductance): time rate of steady-state heat flow through unit area of a material or construction, induced by a unit temperature difference between the body surfaces. Units of C are Bw/h-ft2-°F. Note that the C -factor does not include soil or air films. circuit breaker. a device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically at a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating. class of construction: for the building envelope, a subcate- gory of roof, above -grade wall, below -grade wall, floor, slab - on -grade floor, opaque door, vertical fenestration, or skylight. (See roof, wall, floor, slab -on -grade floor, door, andfenestra- tion.) clerestory: that part of a building that rises clear of the roofs or other parts and whose walls contain windows for lighting the interior. code official: see building official. coefficient ofperformance (COP)—cooling: the ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete refrigerating system or some specific portion of that system under designated operating conditions. coefficient ofperformance (COP), heat pump—heating: the ratio of the rate of heat delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete heat pump system, including the compressor and, if applicable, auxiliary heat, under desig- nated operating conditions. conditioned floor area: see floor area. conditioned space: see space. conductance: see thermal conductance. continuous insulation (ci): insulation that is continuous across all structural members without thermal bridges other than fasteners and service openings. It is installed on the inte- rior, exterior, or is integral to any opaque surface of the build- ing envelope. control: to regulate the operation of equipment. control device: a specialized device used to regulate the oper- ation of equipment. construction: the fabrication and erection of a new building or any addition to or alteration of an existing building. construction documents: drawings and specifications used to .. construct a building, building systems, or portions thereof. cool down: reduction of space temperature down to occupied setpoint after a period of shutdown or setup. cooled space: see space. cooling degree-day: see degree-day. cooling design temperature: the outdoor dry-bulb tempera- ture equal to the temperature that is exceeded 1% of the number of hours during a typical weather year. cooling design wet -bulb temperature: the outdoor wet -bulb temperature for sizing cooling systems and evaporative heat rejection systems such as cooling towers. dead band: the range of values within which a sensedvariable can vary without initiating a change in the controlled process. decorative lighting: see lighting, decorative. degree-day: the difference in temperature between the outdoor mean temperature over a 24-hour period and a given base temperature. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows: (a) cooling degree-day base 50°F, CDD50. for any one day, when the mean temperature is more than 50°F, there are as many degree-days as degrees Fahrenheit temperature difference between the mean temperature for the day and 507. Annual cooling degree-days (CDDs) are the sum of the degree-days over a calendar year. (b) heating degree-day base 65°F, HDD65. for any one day, when the mean temperature is less than 65°F, there are as many degree-days as degrees Fahrenheit temperature dif- ference between the mean temperature for the day and 65°F. Annual heating degree-days (HDDs) are the sum of the degree-days over a calendar year. demand. the highest amount of power (average Btu/h over an interval) recorded for a building or facility in a selected time frame. design capacity: output capacity of a system orpiece of equip- ment at design conditions. design conditions: specified environmental conditions, such as temperature and light intensity, required to be produced and maintained by a system and under which the system must operate. design energy cost. the annual energy cost calculated for a proposed design. design professional: an architect or engineer licensed to prac- tice in accordance with applicable state licensing laws. direct digital control (DDC): a type of control where controlled and monitored analog or binary data (e.g., temper- ature, contact closures) are converted to digital format for manipulation and calculations by a digital computer or micro- processor, then converted back to analog or binary form to control physical devices. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 2M rr✓ disconnect. a device or group of devices or other means by which the conductors of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of supply. distribution system: conveying means, such as ducts, pipes, and wires, to bring substances or energy from a source to the point of use. The distribution system includes such auxiliary equipment as fans, pumps, and transformers. door. all operable opening areas (which are not fenestration) in the building envelope, including swinging and roll -up doors, fire doors, and access hatches. Doors that are more than one-half glass are considered fenestration. (See fenestration.) For the purposes of determining building envelope require- ments, the classifications are defined as follows: (a) non -swinging: roll -up, sliding, and all other doors that are not swinging doors. (b) swinging. all operable opaque panels with hinges on one side and opaque revolving doors. door area: total area of the door measured using the rough opening and including the door slab and the frame. (Seefenes- tration area.) dwelling unit. a single unit providing complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanita- tion. economizer, air: a duct and damper arrangement and auto- matic control system that together allow a cooling system to supply outdoor air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather. economizer, water: a system by which the supply air of a cool- ing system is cooled indirectly with water that is itself cooled by heat or mass transfer to the environment without the use of mechanical cooling. efficiency: performance at specified rating conditions. emittance: the ratio of the radiant heat flux emitted by a spec- imen to that emitted by a blackbody at the same temperature and under the same conditions. enclosed space: a volume substantially surrounded by solid surfaces such as walls, floors, roofs, and openable devices such as doors and operable windows. energy: the capacity for doing work. It takes a number of forms that may be transformed from one into another such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical, and chemical. Customary measurement units are British thermal units (Bra). energy cost budget: the annual energy cost for the budget building design intended for use in determining minimum compliance with this standard. energy efficiency ratio (EER): the ratio of net cooling capac- ity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in watts under desig- nated operating conditions. (See coefficient of performance (COP)cooling.) ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 energy factor (EF): a measure of water heater overall effi- ciency. envelope performance factor: the trade-off value for the building envelope performance compliance option calculated using the procedures specified in Section 5. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifi- cations are defined as follows: (a) base envelope performance factor: the building envelope performance factor for the base design. (b) proposed envelope performance factor: the building envelope performance factor for the proposed design. equipment. devices for comfort conditioning, electric power, lighting, transportation, or service water heating including, but not limited to, furnaces, boilers, air conditioners, heat pumps, chillers, water heaters, lamps, luminaires, ballasts, elevators, escalators, or other devices or installations. existing building. a building or portion thereof that was previ- ously occupied or approved for occupancy by the authority having jurisdiction. existing equipment: equipment previously installed in an existing building. existingsystem: a system or systems previously installed in an existing building. exterior building envelope: see building envelope exterior lightingpower allowance: see lighting power allow- ance. Ffactor: the perimeter heat loss factor for slab -on -grade floors, expressed in Btu/h-ft-°F. facade area: area of the facade, including overhanging soffits, cornices, and protruding columns, measured in elevation in a vertical plane parallel to the plane of the face of the building. Nonhorizontal roof surfaces shall be included in the calcula- tion of vertical facade area by measuring the area in a plane parallel to the surface. fan system power: the sum of the nominal power demand (nameplate horsepower) of motors of all fans that are required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the conditioned space(s) and return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors. feeder conductors: the wires that connect the service equip- ment to the branch circuit breaker panels. fenestration: all areas (including the frames) in the building envelope that let in light, including windows, plastic panels, clerestories, skylights, glass doors that are more than one-half glass, and glass block walls. (See building envelope and door.) (a) skylight: a fenestration surface having a slope of less than 60 degrees from the horizontal plane. Other fenestration, even if mounted on the roof of a building, is considered vertical fenestration. (b) vertical fenestration: all fenestration other than skylights. Trombe wall assemblies, where glazing is installed within 12 in. of a mass wall, are considered walls, not fenestra- tion. fenestration area: total area of the fenestration measured using the rough opening and including the glazing, sash, and frame. For doors where the glazed vision area is less than 50% of the door area, the fenestration area is the glazed vision area. For all other doors, the fenestration area is the door area. (See door area.) fenestration, vertical: (See fenestration and skylight.) fixture: the component of a luminaire that houses the lamp or lamps, positions the lamp, shields it from view, and distributes the light. The fixture also provides for connection to the power supply, which may require the use of a ballast. floor, envelope: that lower portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and fenestration, that has conditioned or semiheated space above and is horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60 degrees from horizontal but excluding slab -on -grade floors. For the purposes of determining build- ing envelope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows: (a) mass floor: a floor with a heat capacity that exceeds (1) 7 Btu/ft'-'F or (2) 5 Btu/ft2 °F provided that the floor has a material unit mass not greater than 120 Ib/d3. (b) steel joist floor: a floor that (1) is not a mass floor and (2) that has steel joist members supported by structural mem- bets. (c) wood framed and other floors: all other floor types, including wood joist floors. (See building envelope, fenestration, opaque area, and slab - on -grade floor). floor area, gross: the sum of the floor areas of the spaces within the building including basements, mezzanine and inter- mediate -floored tiers-, and penthouses with headroom height of 7.5 ft or greater. It is measured from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the centerline ofwalls separating build- ings, but excluding covered walkways, open roofed -over areas, porches and similar spaces, pipe trenches, exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs, and similar features. (a) gross building envelope floor area: the gross floor area of the building envelope, but excluding slab -on -grade floors. (b) gross conditioned floor area: the gross floor area of con- ditioned spaces. (c) gross lighted floor area: the gross floor area of lighted spaces. (d) gross semiheated floor area: the gross floor area of semi - heated spaces. (See buildingenvelope,floor, slab-on-gradefloor, and space.) flue damper: a device in the flue outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of the draft control device of an individual, automat- ically operated, fossil fuel -fired appliance that is designed to automatically open the flue outlet during appliance operation and to automatically close the flue outlet when the appliance is in a standby condition. fossil fuel: fuel derived from a hydrocarbon deposit such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas derived from living matter of a previous geologic time. fuel. a material that may be used to produce heat or generate power by combustion. general lighting. see lighting, general generally accepted engineering standard: a specification, rule, guide, or procedure in the field of engineering, or related thereto, recognized and accepted as authoritative. grade: the finished ground level adjoining a building at all exterior walls. gross lighted area (GLA): see floor area, gross: gross lighted floor area. gross roof area: see roof area, gross gross wall area: see wall area, gross heat capacity (HQ: the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a given mass 17. Numerically, the heat capac- ity per unit area of surface (Btu/ft2-°F) is the sum of the prod- ucts of the mass per unit area of each individual material in the roof, wall, or floor surface multiplied by its individual specific heat. heated space., see space heat trace: a heating system where the externally applied heat source follows (traces) the object to be heated, e.g., water piping. heating design temperature., the outdoor dry-bulb tempera- ture equal to the temperature that is exceeded at least 99.6% of the number of hours during a typical weather year. heating degree-day: see degree-day. heating seasonal performancefactor (HSPF): the total heat- ing output of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating (in Btu) divided by the total electric energy input during the same period. historic: a building or space that has been specifically desig- nated as historically significant by the adopting authority or is listed in "The National Register of Historic Places" or has been determined to be eligible for listing by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior. hot water supply boiler: a boiler used to heat water for purposes other than space heating. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 M M humidistat: an automatic control device used to maintain humidity at a fixed or adjustable setpoint. HVAC system: the equipment, distribution systems, and terminals that provide, either collectively or individually, the processes of heating, ventilating, or air conditioning to a building or portion of a building. indirectly conditioned space: see space. infiltration: the uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks and crevices in any building element and around windows and doors of a building caused by pressure differ- ences across these elements due to factors such as wind, inside and outside temperature differences (stack effect), and imbal- ance between supply and exhaust air systems. installed interior lighting power. the power in watts of all permanently installed general, task, and furniture lighting systems and luminaires. integratedpart-load value (IPLI): a single -number figure of merit based on part -load EER, COP, or kW/ton expressing part -load efficiency for air-conditioning and heat pump equip- ment on the basis of weighted operation at various load capac- ities for the equipment. interior lighting power allowance: see lighting power allow- ance. isolation devices: devices that isolate HVAC zones so that they can be operated independently of one another. Isolation devices include, but are not limited to, separate systems, isola- tion dampers, and controls providing shutoff at terminal boxes. joist, steel: any structural steel member of a building or struc- ture made of hot -rolled or cold -rolled solid or open -web sections. kilovolt -ampere (kVA): where the term "kilovolt -ampere" (kVA) is used in this standard, it is the product of the line current (amperes) times the nominal system voltage (kilo- volts) times 1.732 for three-phase currents. For single-phase applications, kVA is the product of the line current (amperes) times the nominal system voltage (kilovolts). kilowatt (kli9: the basic unit of electric power, equal to 1000 W. labeled. equipment or materials to which a symbol or other identifying mark has been attached by the manufacturer indi- cating compliance with specified standards or performance in a specified manner. lamp: a generic terra for a man-made light source often called a bulb or tube. (a) compact fluorescent lamp: a fluorescent lamp of a small compact shape, with a single base that provides the entire mechanical support function. ANS1/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 (b) fluorescent lamp: a low-pressure electric discharge lamp in which a phosphor coating transforms some of the ultra- violet energy generated by the discharge into light. (c) general service lamp: a class of incandescent lamps that provide light in virtually all directions. General service lamps are typically characterized by bulb shapes such as A, standard; S, straight side; F, flame; G, globe; and PS, pear straight. (d) high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp: an electric dis- charge lamp in that light is produced when an electric are is discharged through a vaporized metal such as mercury or sodium. Some IIID lamps may also have a phosphor coating that contributes to the light produced or enhances the light color. (e) incandescent lamp: a lamp in which light is produced by a filament heated to incandescence by an electric current. (f) reflector lamp: a class of incandescent lamps that have an internal reflector to direct the light. Reflector lamps are typically characterized by reflective characteristics such as R, reflector; ER, ellipsoidal reflector; PAR, parabolic aluminized reflector; MR, mirrorized reflector; and oth- ers. lighting, decorative: lighting that is purely ornamental and installed for aesthetic effect. Decorative lighting shall not include general lighting. lighting, general. lighting that provides a substantially uniform level of illumination throughout an area. General lighting shall not include decorative lighting or lighting that provides a dissimilar level of illumination to serve a special- ized application or feature within such area. lighting system: a group of luminaires circuited or controlled to perform a specific function. lighting power allowance: (a) interior lightingpower allowance: the maximum lighting power in watts allowed for the interior of a building. (b) exterior lighting power allowance: the maximum light- ing power in watts allowed for the exterior of a building. lighting power density (LPD): the maximum lighting power per unit area of a building classification of space function. low-rise residential: single-family houses, multi -family structures of three stories or fewer above grade, manufactured houses (mobile homes), and manufactured houses (modular). luminaire: a complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with the housing designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps, and connect the lamps to the power supply. manual (nonautomatic). requiring personal intervention for control. Nonautomatic does not necessarily imply a manual controller, only that personal intervention is necessary. (See automatic.) manufacturer: the company engaged in the original produc- tion and assembly of products or equipment or a company that purchases such products and equipment manufactured in accordance with company specifications. mass floor: see floor. mass wall. see wall mean temperature: one-half the sum of the minimum daily temperature and maximum daily temperature. mechanical heating. raising the temperature of a gas or liquid by use of fossil fuel burners, electric resistance heaters, heat pumps, or other systems that require energy to operate. mechanical cooling. reducing the temperature of a gas or liquid by using vapor compression, absorption, desiccant dehumidification combined with evaporative cooling, or another energy -driven thermodynamic cycle. Indirect or direct evaporative cooling alone is not considered mechanical cooling. metal building: a complete integrated set of mutually depen- dent components and assemblies that form a building, which consists of a steel -framed superstructure and metal skin. metal building roof.- see roof metal building wall. see wall. metering. instruments that measure electric voltage, current, power, etc. motor power, rated., the rated output power from the motor. nameplate rating. the design load operating conditions of a device as shown by the manufacturer on the nameplate or otherwise marked on the device. nonautomatic: see manual. nonrecirculating system: a domestic or service hot water distribution system that is not a recirculating system. nonrenewable energy. energy derived from a fossil fuel source. nonresidential. all occupancies other than residential. (See residential.) nonstandard part -load value (ArPLI): a single -number part - load efficiency figure of merit calculated and referenced to conditions other than IPLV conditions, for units that are not designed to operate at ARI Standard Rating Conditions. non -swinging door: see door north -oriented., facing within 45 degrees of true north (north- ern hemisphere). opaque: all areas in the building envelope, except fenestration and building service openings such as vents and grilles. (See building envelope andfenestration.) optimum start controls: controls that are designed to automat- ically adjust the start time of an HVAC system each day with the intention ofbrin ging the space to desired occupied temper- ature levels immediately before scheduled occupancy. orientation: the direction an envelope element faces, i.e., the direction of a vector perpendicular to and pointing away from the surface outside of the element. For vertical fenestration, the two categories are north -oriented and all other. (See north - oriented.) outdoor (outside) air. air that is outside the building envelope or is taken from outside the building that has not been previ- ously circulated through the building. overcurrent. any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a conductor. It may result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault. packaged terminal air conditioner (PTAC): a factory - selected wall sleeve and separate unencased combination of heating and cooling components, assemblies, or sections. It may include heating capability by hot water, steam, or elec- tricity and is intended for mounting through the wall to serve a single room or zone. packaged terminal heat pump (PTHP): a PTAC capable of using the refrigerating system in a reverse cycle or heat pump mode to provide heat. parry wall: a fire wall on an interior lot line used or adapted for joint service between two buildings. performance rating method. a calculation procedure that generates an index of merit for the performance of building designs that substantially exceeds the energy efficiency levels required by this standard. permanently installed: equipment that is fixed in place and is not portable or movable. plenum: a compartment or chamber to which one or more ducts are connected, that forms a part of the air distribution system, and that is not used for occupancy or storage. A plenum often is formed in part or in total by portions of the building. pool: any structure, basin, or tank containing an artificial body of water for swimming, diving, or recreational bathing. The term includes, but is not limited to, swimming pool, whirl- pool, spa, hot tub. `yWW occupant sensor. a device that detects the presence or absence of people within an area and causes lighting, equipment, or process energy: energy consumed in support of a manufactur- appliances to be regulated accordingly. ing, industrial, or commercial process other than conditioning 10 ANSUASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 on M spaces and maintaining comfort and amenities for the occu- pants of a building. process load. the load on a building resulting from the consumption or release of process energy. projection factor (PF): the ratio of the horizontal depth of the external shading projection divided by the sum of the height of the fenestration and the distance from the top of the fenestra- tion to the bottom of the farthest point of the external shading projection, in consistent units. proposed building performance: the annual energy cost calculated for a proposed design. proposed design: a computer representation of the actual proposed building design or portion thereof used as the basis for calculating the design energy cost. public facility restroom: a restroom used by the transient public. pump system power. the sum of the nominal power demand (nameplate horsepower) of motors of all pumps that are required to operate at design conditions to supply fluid from the heating or cooling source to all heat transfer devices (e.g., coils, heat exchanger) and return it to the source. purchased energy rates: costs for units of energy or power purchased at the building site. These costs may include energy costs as well as costs for power demand as determined by the adopting authority. radiant heating system: a heating system that transfers heat to objects and surfaces within the heated space primarily (greater than 50%) by infrared radiation. rated lamp wattage: see lamp wattage, rated. rated motor power: see motor power, rated. rated R -value of insulation: the thermal resistance of the insulation alone as specified by the manufacturer in units of h-ft2-017/13tu at a mean temperature of 75°F. Rated R -value refers to the thermal resistance of the added insulation in fram- ing cavities or insulated sheathing only and does not include the thermal resistance of other building materials or air films. (See thermal resistance.) rating authority. the organization or agency that adopts or sanctions use of this rating methodology. readily accessible: capable of being reached quickly for oper- ation, renewal, or inspections without requiring those to whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obsta- cles or to resort to portable ladders, chairs, etc. In public facil- ities, accessibility may be limited to certified personnel through locking covers or by placing equipment in locked rooms. ANSVASRRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 recirculating system: a domestic or service hot water distri- bution system that includes a closed circulation circuit designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes near terminal devices (e.g., lavatory faucets, shower heads) in order to reduce the time required to obtain hot water when the terminal device valve is opened. The motive force for circula- tion is either natural (due to water density variations with temperature) or mechanical (recirculation pump). retooling: lowering the temperature of air that has been previ- ously heated by a mechanical heating system. record drawings: drawings that record the conditions of the project as constructed. These include any refinements of the construction or bid documents. reflectance: the ratio of the light reflected by a surface to the light incident upon it. reheating: raising the temperature of air that has been previ- ously cooled either by mechanical refrigeration or an econo- mizer system. repair: the reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance. resistance, electric: the property of an electric circuit or of any object used as part of an electric circuit that determines for a given circuit the rate at which electric energy is converted into heat or radiant energy and that has a value such that the prod- uct of the resistance and the square of the current gives the rate of conversion of energy. reset. automatic adjustment of the controller set point to a higher or lower value. residential: spaces in buildings used primarily for living and sleeping. Residential spaces include, but are not limited to, dwelling units, hotel/motel guest rooms, dormitories, nursing homes, patient rooms in hospitals, lodging houses, fraternity/ sorority houses, hostels, prisons, and fire stations. roof.• the upper portion of the building envelope, including opaque areas and fenestration, that is horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60° from horizontal. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifica- tions are defined as follows: (a) attic and other roofs: all other roofs, including roofs with insulation entirely below (inside of) the roof structure (i.e., attics, cathedral ceilings, and single -rafter ceilings), roofs with insulation both above and below the roof struc- ture, and roofs without insulation but excluding metal building roofs. (b) metal building roof.• a roof that is constructed with: 1. a metal, structural, weathering surface, 2. has no ventilated cavity, and 3. has the insulation entirely below deck (i.e., does not include composite concrete and metal deck construc- tion nor a roof framing system that is separated from ll the superstructure by a wood substrate) and whose structure consists of one or more of the following configurations: (a) metal roofing in direct contact with the steel fram- ing members or (b) insulation between the metal roofing and the steel framing members or (c) insulated metal roofing panels installed as described in 1 or 2. (c) roof with insulation entirely above deck. a roof with all insulation: 1. installed above (outside of) the roof structure and 2. continuous (i.e., uninterrupted by framing members). (d) single -rafter roof.• a subcategory of attic roofs where the roof above and the ceiling below are both attached to the same wood rafter and where insulation is located in the space between these wood rafters. roof area, gross: the area of the roof measured from the exte- rior faces of walls or from the centerline of party walls. (See roof and wall.) room air conditioner: an encased assembly designed as a unit to be mounted in a window or through a wall, or as a console. It is designed primarily to provide direct delivery of condi- tioned air to an enclosed space, room, or zone. It includes a prime source of refrigeration for cooling and dehumidifica- tion and a means for circulating and cleaning air. It may also include a means for ventilating and heating. room cavity ratio (RCR): a factor that characterizes room configuration as a ratio between the walls and ceiling and is based upon room dimensions. seasonal coefficient ofperformance—cooling (SCOPC): the total cooling output of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period for cooling divided by the total electric energy input during the same period in consistent units (anal- ogous to the SEER but for I -P or other consistent units). seasonal coefficient ofperformance—heating (SCOP: the total heating output of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating divided by the total electric energy input during the same period in consistent units (analogous to the HSPF but for I -P or other consistent units). seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER): the total cooling output of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period for cooling (in Btu) divided by the total electric energy input during the same period (in Wh). semi -exterior building envelope: see building envelope. semiheated floor area: see floor area. semiheated space: see space. service. the equipment for delivering energy from the supply or distribution system to the premises served. 12 service agency: an agency capable of providing calibration, testing, or manufacture of equipment, instrumentation, meter- ing, or control apparatus, such as a contractor, laboratory, or manufacturer. service equipment. the necessary equipment, usually consist- ing of a circuit breaker or switch and fuses and accessories, located near the point of entrance of supply conductors to a building or other structure (or an otherwise defined area) and intended to constitute the main control and means of cutoff of the supply. Service equipment may consist of circuit breakers or fused switches provided to disconnect all under -grounded conductors in a building or other structure from the service - entrance conductors. service water heating. heating water for domestic or commer- cial purposes other than space heating and process require- ments. setback: reduction of heating (by reducing the set point) or cooling (by increasing the set point) during hours when a building is unoccupied or during periods when lesser demand is acceptable. setpoint: point at which the desired temperature (°F) of the heated or cooled space is set. shading coefficient (SC): the ratio of solar heat gain at normal incidence through glazing to that occurring through 1/8 in. thick clear, double -strength glass. Shading coefficient, as used herein, does not include interior, exterior, or integral shading devices. simulation program: a computer program that is capable of simulating the energy performance of building systems. single -line diagram: a simplified schematic drawing that shows the connection between two or more items. Common multiple connections are shown as one line. single -rafter roof.• see roof. single -zone system: an HVAC system serving a single HVAC zone. site -recovered energy: waste energy recovered at the building site that is used to offset consumption of purchased fuel or electrical energy supplies. site -solar energy: thermal, chemical, or electrical energy derived from direct conversion of incident solar radiation at the building site and used to offset consumption of purchased fuel or electrical energy supplies. For the purposes of applying this standard, site -solar energy shall not include passive heat gain through fenestration systems. skylight: see fenestration. skylight well: the shaft from the skylight to the ceiling. slab -on -grade floor: that portion of a slab floor of the building envelope that is in contact with the ground and that is either ANSI/ASHRAEIIESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 above grade or is less than or equal to 24 in. below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade. (a) heated slab -on grade floor: a slab -on -grade floor with a heating source either within or below it. (b) unheated slab -an grade floor: a slab -on -grade floor that is not a heated slab -on -grade floor. solar energy source: source of thermal, chemical, or electrical energy derived from direct conversion of incident solar radi- ation at the building site. solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC): the ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration area to the incident solar radiation. Solar heat gain includes directly transmitted solar heat and absorbed solar radiation, which is then reradiated, conducted, or convected into the space. (See fenestration area.) space: an enclosed space within a building. The classifica- tions of spaces are as follows for the purpose of determining building envelope requirements. (a) conditioned space: a cooled space, heated space, or indi- rectly conditioned space defined as follows. 1. cooled space: an enclosed space within a building that is cooled by a cooling system whose sensible output capacity exceeds 5 Btu/h-ft2 of floor area. 2. heated space. an enclosed space within a building that is heated by a heating system whose output capacity relative to the floor area is greater than or equal to the criteria in Table 3.1. steel framed wall. see wall. steel joist floor: see floor. story: portion of a building that is between one finished floor level and the next higher finished floor level or the roof, provided, however, that a basement or cellar shall not be considered a story. substantial contact: a condition where adjacent building materials are placed so that proximal surfaces are contiguous, being installed and supported so they eliminate voids between materials without compressing or degrading the thermal performance of either product. swinging door: see door. system: a combination of equipment and auxiliary devices (e.g., controls, accessories, interconnecting means, and termi- nal elements) by which energy is transformed so it performs a specific function such as HVAC, service water heating, or lighting. system, existing: a system or systems previously installed in an existing building. tandem wiring: pairs of luminaires operating with lamps in each luminaire powered from a single ballast contained in one of the luminaires. terminal: a device by which energy from a system is finally delivered, e.g., registers, diffusers, lighting fixtures, faucets, etc. thermal block: a collection of one or more HVAC zones grouped together for simulation purposes. Spaces need not be contiguous to be combined within a single thermal block. thermal conductance: see C factor. thermal resistance (R -value): the reciprocal of the time rate of heat flow through a unit area induced by a unit temperature difference between two defined surfaces of material or construction under steady-state conditions. Units of R are h ft2 °FBtu. thermostat. an automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable setpoint. TABLE 3.1 Heated Space Criteria Heating Output Climate Zone (Btu/h•ftz) 5 1 and 2 10 3 15 4 and 5 20 6 and 7 25 ANSllASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 13 3. indirectly conditioned space: an enclosed space within a building that is not a heated space or a cooled space, which is heated or cooled indirectly by being connected to adjacent space(s) provided: (a) the product of the U-factor(s) and surface area(s) of the space adjacent to connected space(s) exceeds the combined sum of the product of the U-factor(s) and surface areas) of the space adjoining the outdoors, unconditioned spaces, and to or from semiheated spaces (e.g., corri- dors) or (b) that air from heated or cooled spaces is inten- tionally transferred (naturally or mechanically) into the space at a rate exceeding 3 air changes per hour (ACH) (e.g., atria). (b) semiheated space: an enclosed space within a building that is heated by a heating system whose output capacity is greater than or equal to 3.4 Btu/h-ft2 of floor area but is not a conditioned space. (c) unconditioned space: an- enclosed space within a build- ing that is not a conditioned space or a semiheated space. Crawlspaces, attics, and parking garages with natural or mechanical ventilation are not considered enclosed spaces. space -conditioning category: ^� (a) nonresidential conditioned space, vyy (b) residential conditioned space, and (c) nonresidential and residential semiheated space. (See nonresidential, residential, and space.) steel framed wall. see wall. steel joist floor: see floor. story: portion of a building that is between one finished floor level and the next higher finished floor level or the roof, provided, however, that a basement or cellar shall not be considered a story. substantial contact: a condition where adjacent building materials are placed so that proximal surfaces are contiguous, being installed and supported so they eliminate voids between materials without compressing or degrading the thermal performance of either product. swinging door: see door. system: a combination of equipment and auxiliary devices (e.g., controls, accessories, interconnecting means, and termi- nal elements) by which energy is transformed so it performs a specific function such as HVAC, service water heating, or lighting. system, existing: a system or systems previously installed in an existing building. tandem wiring: pairs of luminaires operating with lamps in each luminaire powered from a single ballast contained in one of the luminaires. terminal: a device by which energy from a system is finally delivered, e.g., registers, diffusers, lighting fixtures, faucets, etc. thermal block: a collection of one or more HVAC zones grouped together for simulation purposes. Spaces need not be contiguous to be combined within a single thermal block. thermal conductance: see C factor. thermal resistance (R -value): the reciprocal of the time rate of heat flow through a unit area induced by a unit temperature difference between two defined surfaces of material or construction under steady-state conditions. Units of R are h ft2 °FBtu. thermostat. an automatic control device used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable setpoint. TABLE 3.1 Heated Space Criteria Heating Output Climate Zone (Btu/h•ftz) 5 1 and 2 10 3 15 4 and 5 20 6 and 7 25 ANSllASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 13 i thermostatic control., an automatic control device or system used to maintain temperature at a fixed or adjustable setpoint. tinted. (as applied to fenestration) bronze, green, blue, or gray coloring that is integral with the glazing material. Tinting does not include surface applied films such as reflective coatings, applied either in the field or during the manufacturing process. transformer: a piece of electrical equipment used to convert electric power from one voltage to another voltage. (a) dry -type transformer: a transformer in which the core and coils are in a gaseous or dry compound. (b) liquid -immersed transformer: a transformer in which the core and coils are immersed in an insulating liquid. U factor (thermal transmittance): heat transmission in unit time through unit area of a material or construction and the boundary air films, induced by unit temperature difference between the environments on each side. Units of U are Btu/ h ft' -'F. unconditioned space: see space. unenclosed space., a space that is not an enclosed space. unitary cooling equipment., one or more factory -made assem- blies that normally include an evaporator or cooling coil and a compressor and condenser combination. Units that perform a heating function are also included. unitary heat pump: one or more factory -made assemblies that normally include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s), and an outdoor refrigerant -to -air coil or refrigerant -to -water heat exchanger. These units provide both heating and cooling functions. variable air volume (VAP) system: HVAC system that controls the dry-bulb temperature within a space by varying the volumetric flow of heated or cooled supply air to the space. vent damper. a device intended for installation in the venting system of an individual, automatically operated, fossil fuel - fired appliance in the outlet or downstream of the appliance draft control device, which is designed to automatically open the venting system when the appliance is in operation and to automatically close off the venting system when the appliance is in a standby or shutdown condition. ventilation: the process of supplying or removing air by natu- ral or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air is not required to have been conditioned. vertical fenestration: see fenestration. voltage drop: a decrease in voltage caused by losses in the lines connecting the power source to the load. wall. that portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and fenestration, that is vertical or tilted at an angle of 60° from horizontal or greater. This includes above- and below - 14 grade walls, between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of floors, and foundation walls. For the purposes of determining building envelope requirements, the classifications are defined as follows: (a) above -grade wall. a wall that is not a below -grade wall. (b) below -grade wall., that portion of a wall in the building envelope that is entirely below the finish grade and in contact with the ground. (c) mass wall. a wall with a heat capacity exceeding (1) 7 Btu/ft2 °F or (2) 5 Btu/ft2•°F provided that the wall has a material unit weight not greater than 120 lb/ft3. (d) metal building wall. a wall whose structure consists of metal spanning members supported by steel structural members (i.e., does not include spandrel glass or metal panels in curtain wall systems). (e) steel framed wall: a wall with a cavity (insulated or oth- erwise) whose exterior surfaces are separated by steel framing members (i.e., typical steel stud walls and curtain wall systems). (f) wood framed and other walls: all other wall types, including wood stud walls. wall area, gross: the area of the wall measured on the exterior face from the top of the floor to the bottom of the roof. warm-up: increase in space temperature to occupied setpoint after a period of shutdown or setback. water heater. vessel in which water is heated and is with- drawn for use external to the system. wood framed and other walls: see wall. wood framed and otherfloors: see floor. zone, HVAC: a space or group of spaces within a building with heating and cooling requirements that are sufficiently similar so that desired conditions (e.g., temperature) can be main- tained throughout using a single sensor (e.g., thermostat or temperature sensor). 3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms ac alternating current ACH air changes per hour AFUE annual fuel utilization efficiency AHAM Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers ANSI American National Standards Institute ARI Air -Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air -Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials BSR Board of Standards Review Btu British thermal unit Btu/h British thermal unit per hour Btu/ft -°F British thermal unit per square foot per degree Fahrenheit Btu/h-ft' British thermal unit per hour per square foot Btu/h ft•°F British thermal unit per hour per lineal foot per degree Fahrenheit ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Btu/h-ft•°F British thermal unit per hour per square foot per Ru total thermal resistance of a material or degree Fahrenheit construction including air film resistances CDD cooling degree-day rpm revolutions per minute CDD50 cooling degree-days base 507 Sc shading coefficient cfm cubic feet per minute SEER seasonal energy efficiency ratio ci continuous insulation SHGC solar heat gain coefficient COP coefficient of performance SL standby loss CTI Cooling Tower Institute SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' DDC direct digital control National Association DOE U.S. Department of Energy Ec combustion efficiency Tdb dry-bulb temperature EER energy efficiency ratio Twb wet -bulb temperature EF energy factor UL Underwriters Laboratories Inc. ENVSTD Envelope System Performance Compliance VAV variable air volume Program VLT visible light transmittance Et thermal efficiency W watt F Fahrenheit W/ft2 watts per square foot ft foot Wh watthour h hour HC heat capacity 4. ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT HDD heating degree-day HDD65 heating degree-days base 65°F 4.1 General h•fi -'F/Btu hour per square foot per degree Fahrenheit per 4.1.1 Scope British thermal unit 4.1.1.1 New Buildings. New buildings shall comply HID high-intensity discharge with the standard as described in Section 4.2. hp horsepower 4.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings. An extension HSPF heating seasonal performance factor or increase in the floor area or height of a building outside of IIVAC heating, ventilating, and air conditioning the existing building envelope shall be considered additions to IESNA Illuminating Engineering Society of North existing buildings and shall comply with the standard as America described in Section 4.2. in, inch 4.1.1.3 Alterations of Existing Buildings: Alterations of existing buildings shall comply with the standard as I -P inch -pound described in Section 4.2. IPLV integrated part -load value 4.1.1.4 Replacement of Portions of Existing Build - K kelvin ings: Portions of a building envelope, heating, ventilating, air- kVA kilovolt -ampere conditioning, service water heating, power, lighting, and other kW kilowatt systems and equipment that are being replaced shall be con - kWh kilowatt-hour sidered as Alterations of Existing Buildings and shall comply lb pound with the Standard as described in Section 4.2. lin linear 4.1.1.5 Changes in Space Conditioning. Whenever lin ft linear foot unconditioned or semiheated spaces in a building are con - LPD lighting power density verted to conditioned spaces, such conditioned spaces shall MICA Midwest Insulation Contractors Association be brought into compliance with all the applicable require- ments of this standard that would apply to the building enve- NAECA U.S. National Appliance Energy Conservation lope, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, service water Act of 1987 heating, power, lighting, and other systems and equipment of NFPA National Fire Protection Association the space as if the building were new. NFRC National Fenestration Rating Council 4.1.2 Administrative Requirements. Administrative NPLV non-standard part load value requirements relating to permit requirements, enforcement by PF projection factor the authority havingjurisdiction, locally adopted energy stan- PTAC packaged terminal air conditioner dards, interpretations, claims of exemption, and rights of PTHP packaged terminal heat pump appeal are specified by the authority having jurisdiction. R R -value (thermal resistance) 4.1.3 Alternative Materials, Methods of Construction, RC thermal resistance of a material or construction or Design. The provisions of this standard are not intended to from surface to surface prevent the use of any material, method of construction, ANSUASHRAMESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 15 N design, equipment, or building system not specifically pre- scribed herein. 4.1.4 Validity. If any term, part, provision, section, para- graph, subdivision, table, chart, or referenced standard of this standard shall be held unconstitutional, invalid, or ineffective, in whole or in part, such determination shall not be deemed to invalidate any remaining term, part, provision, section, para- graph, subdivision, table, chart, or referenced standard of this standard. 4.1.5 Other Laws. The provisions of this standard shall not be deemed to nullify any provisions of local, state, or fed- eral law. Where there is a conflict between a requirement of this standard and such other law affecting construction of the building, precedence shall be determined by the authority having jurisdiction. 4.1.6 Referenced Standards. The standards referenced in this standard and listed in Section 12 shall be considered part of the requirements of this standard to the prescribed extent of such reference. Where differences occur between the provision of this standard and referenced standards, the provisions of this standard shall apply. Informative references are cited to acknowledge sources and are not part of this stan- dard. They are identified in Informative Appendix E. 4.1.7 Normative Appendices. The normative appendices to this standard are considered to be integral parts of the man- datory requirements of this standard, which for reasons of convenience, are placed apart from all other normative ele- ments. 4.1.8 Informative Appendices. The informative appen- dices to this standard and informative notes located within this standard contain additional information and are not manda- tory or part of this standard. 4.2 , Compliance 4.2.1 Compliance Paths 4.2.1.1 New Buildings: New Buildings shall comply with either the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 or Section 11. 4.2.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings: Additions to existing buildings shall comply with either the provisions of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 or Section 11. Exception to 4.2.1.2: When an addition to an existing building cannot comply by itself, trade-offs will be allowed by modification to one or more of the existing components of the existing building. Modeling of the modified components of the existing building and addi- tion shall employ the procedures of Section 11; and the addition shall not increase the energy consumption of the existing building plus the addition beyond the energy that would be consumed by the existing building plus the addition if the addition alone did comply. 4.2.1.3 Alterations of Existing Buildings: Alterations of existing buildings shall comply with the provisions of Sec- tions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, provided, however that nothing in this standard shall require compliance with any provision of this standard if such compliance will result in the increase of energy consumption of the building. 16 Exceptions to 4.2.1.3: (a) A building that has been specifically designated as historically significant by the adopting authority or is listed in "The National Register of Historic Places" or has been determined to be eligible for listing by the U.S Secretary of the Interior need not comply with these requirements. (b) Where one or more components of an existing build- ing or portions thereof are being replaced, the annual energy consumption of the comprehensive design shall not be greater than the annual energy consump- tion of a substantially identical design, using the same energy types, in which the applicable require- ments of Sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, as provided in 4.2.1.3, and such compliance is verified by a design professional, by the use of any calculation methods acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. 4.2.2 Compliance Documentation 4.2.2.1 Construction Details. Compliance documents shall show all the pertinent data and features of the building, equipment, and systems in sufficient detail to permit a deter- mination of compliance by the building official and to indicate compliance with the requirements of this standard. 4.2.2.2 Supplemental Information. Supplemental information necessary to verify compliance with this stan- dard, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms, vendor literature, or other data, shall be made available when required by the building official. 4.2.2.3 Manuals. Operating and maintenance informa- tion shall be provided to the building owner. This information shall include, but not be limited to, the information specified in 6.7.2.2 and 8.7.2. 4.2.3 Labeling of Material and Equipment. Materials and equipment shall be labeled in a manner that will allow for a determination of their compliance with the applicable pro- visions of this standard. 4.2.4 Inspections. All building construction, additions, or alterations subject to the provisions of this standard shall be subject to inspection by the building official, and all such work shall remain accessible and exposed for inspection pur- poses until approved in accordance with the procedures spec- ified by the building official. Items for inspection include at least the following: (a) wall insulation after the insulation and vapor retarder are in place but before concealment, (b) roof/ceiling insulation after roof/insulation is in place but before concealment, (c) slab/foundation wall after slab/foundation insulation is in place but before concealment, (d) fenestration after all glazing materials are in place, (e) mechanical systems and equipment and insulation after installation but before concealment, (f) electrical equipment and systems after installation but before concealment. ANSUASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 5. BUILDING ENVELOPE Section 5-Buildin Envelo 5.1 General 5.1.1 Scope. Section 5 specifies requirements for the building envelope. 5.1.2 Space -Conditioning Categories. 5.1.2.1 Separate exterior building envelope require- ments are specified for each of three categories of conditioned space: (a) nonresidential conditioned space, (b) residential conditioned space, or (c) semiheated space. 5.1.2.2 Spaces shall be assumed to be conditioned space and shall comply with the requirements for conditioned space at the time of construction, regardless of whether mechanical or electrical equipment is included in the building permit application or installed at that time. 5.1.2.3 In climate zones 3 through 8, a space may be designated as either semiheated or unconditioned only if approved by the building official. 5.1.3 Envelope Alterations. Alterations to the building envelope shall comply with the requirements of Section 5 for insulation, air leakage, and fenestration applicable to those specific portions of the building that are being altered. Exceptions to 5.1.3: The following alterations need not comply with these requirements, provided such alter- ations will not increase the energy usage of the building: (a) installation of storm windows over existing glazing; (b) replacement of glazing in existing sash and frame provided the Ufactor and SHGC will be equal to or lower than before the glass replacement; (c) alterations to roof/ceiling, wall, or floor cavities, which are insulated to full depth with insulation hav- ing a minimum nominal value of R-3.0/in.; (d) alterations to walls and floors, where the existing structure is without framing cavities and no new framing cavities are created; (e) replacement of a roof membrane where either the roof sheathing or roof insulation is not exposed or, if there is existing roof insulation, below the roof deck; (f) replacement of existing doors that separate condi- tioned space from the exterior shall not require the installation of a vestibule or revolving door, pro- vided, however, that an existing vestibule that sepa- rates a conditioned space from the exterior shall not be removed; and ANSFASHRAEJIESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 (g) replacement of existing fenestration, provided, how- ever, that the area of the replacement fenestration does not exceed 25% of the total fenestration area of an existing building and that the Ufactor and SHGC will be equal to or lower than before the fenestration replacement. 5.1.4 Climate. Determine the climate zone for the loca- tion. For United States locations, follow the procedure in 5.1.4.1. For international locations, follow the procedure in 5.1.4.2. 5.1.4.1 United States Locations. Use Figure B-1 or Table B-1 in Appendix B to determine the required climate zone. Exception to 5.1.4.1: If there are recorded historical cli- matic data available for a construction site, they may be used to determine compliance if approved by the build- ing official. 5.1.4.2 International Locations. For locations in Can- ada that are listed in Table B-2 in Appendix B, use this table to determine the required climate zone number and, when a climate zone letter is also required, use Table B-4 and the Major Climate Type Definitions in Appendix B to determine the letter (A, B! or Q. For locations in other international countries that are listed in Table B-3, use this table to deter- mine the required climate zone number and, when a climate zone letter is also required, use Table B-4 and the Major Cli- mate Type Definitions in Appendix B to determine the letter (A, B, or Q. For all international locations that are not listed either in Table B-2 or B-3, use Table B-4 and the Major Cli- mate Type Definitions in Appendix B to determine both the climate zone letter and number. 5.2 Compliance Paths 5.2.1 Compliance. For the appropriate climate, space - conditioning category, and class ofconstruction, the building envelope shall comply with 5. 1, General; 5.4, Mandatory Pro- visions; 5.7, Submittals; and 5.8, Product Information and Installation Requirements; and either (a) 5.5, Prescriptive Building Envelope Option, provided that 1. the vertical fenestration area does not exceed 50% of the gross wall area for each space -conditioning cate- gory and 2. the skylight fenestration area does not exceed 5% of the gross roof area for each space -conditioning cate- gory, or (b) 5.6, Building Envelope Trade -Off Option. 5.2.2 Projects using the Energy Cost Budget Method (Section 11 of this standard), must comply with 5.4, the man- datory provisions of this section, as a portion of that compli- ance path. 5.3 Simplified Building: (Not Used) 5.4 Mandatory Provisions 5.4.1 Insulation. Where insulation is required in 5.5 or 5.6, it shall comply with the requirements found in 5.8.1.1 through 5.8.1.9. 17 °1rw 5.4.2 Fenestration and Doors. Procedures for determin- ing fenestration and door performance are described in 5.8.2. Product samples used for determining fenestration perfor- mance shall be production line units or representative of units purchased by the consumer or contractor. 5.4.3 Air Leakage. 5.4.3.1 Building Envelope Sealing. The following areas of the building envelope shall be sealed, caulked, Bas- keted, or weather-stripped to minimize air leakage: (a) joints around fenestration and door frames, (b) junctions between walls and foundations, between walls at building comers, between walls and structural floors or roofs, and between walls and roof or wall panels, (c) openings at penetrations of utility services through roofs, walls, and floors, (d) site -built fenestration and doors, (e) building assemblies used as ducts or plenums, (f) joints, seams, and penetrations of vapor retarders, (g) all other openings in the building envelope. 5.4.3.2 Fenestration and Doors. Air leakage for fenes- tration and doors shall be determined in accordance with NFRC 400. Air leakage shall be determined by a laboratory accredited by a nationally recognized accreditation organiza- tion, such as the National Fenestration Rating Council, and shall be labeled and certified by the manufacturer. Air leak- age shall not exceed 1.0 cfm/ftz for glazed swinging entrance doors and for revolving doors and 0.4 cfm/ft2 for all other products. Exceptions to 5.4.3.2: (a) Field -fabricated fenestration and doors. (b) For garage doors, air leakage determined by test at standard test conditions in accordance with ANSI/ DASMA 105 shall be an acceptable alternate for compliance with air leakage requirements. 5.4.3.3 Loading Dock Weatherseals. In climate zones 4 through 8, cargo doors and loading dock doors shall be equipped with weatherseals to restrict infiltration when vehi- cles are parked in the doorway. 5.4.3.4 Vestibules. A door that separates conditioned space from the exterior shall be protected with an enclosed vestibule, with all doors opening into and out of the vestibule equipped with self-closing devices. Vestibules shall be designed so that in passing through the vestibule it is not nec- essary for the interior and exterior doors to open at the same time. Interior and exterior doors shall have a minimum dis- tance between them of not less than 7 ft when in the closed position. Exceptions to 5.4.3.4: (a) Doors in buildings in climate zones 1 and 2. (b) Doors in buildings less than four stories above grade. (c) Doors not intended to be used as a building entrance door, such as mechanical or electrical equipment rooms. (d) Doors opening directly from a dwelling unit. 'r,.. (e) Doors that open directly from a space less than 3000 ftz in area. (f) Doors in building entrances with revolving doors. (g) Doors used primarily to facilitate vehicular move- ment or material handling and adjacent personnel doors. 5.5 Prescriptive Building Envelope Option: 5.5.1 For conditioned space, the exterior building enve- lope shall comply with either the "nonresidential" or "resi- dential" requirements in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8 (located at the end of this chapter) for the appropriate climate. 5.5.2 If a building contains any semiheated space or unconditioned space, then the semi -exterior building enve- lope shall comply with the requirements for semiheated space in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8 for the appropriate climate. (See Figure 5.5.) 5.5.3 Opaque Areas. For all opaque surfaces except doors, compliance shall be demonstrated by one of the follow- ing two methods: 1. Minimum ratedR-values ofinsulation forthe thermal resis- tance of the added insulation in framing cavities and contin- uous insulation only. Specifications listed in Normative Appendix A for each class ofconstruction shall be used to determine compliance. 2. Maximum U factor, C factor, or F factor for the entire assembly. The values for typical construction assemblies listed in Normative Appendix A shall be used to determine compliance. Exceptions to 5.5.3(2). (a) For assemblies significantly different from those in Appendix A, calculations shall be performed in accordance with the procedures required in Appen- dix A. (b) For multiple assemblies within a single class of con- struction for a single space -conditioning category, compliance shall be shown for either (i) the most restrictive requirement or (ii) an area -weighted aver- age U factor, C factor, or F factor. 5.5.3.1 Roof Insulation. All roofs shall comply with the insulation values specified in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8. Sky- light curbs shall be insulated to the level of roofs with insula- tion entirely above deck or R-5, whichever is less. 6: srr� i anw.va® eaa+«Emmq. sw,�r=mi«o,wem Figure 5-5 Exterior and semi -exterior building envelope. 18 ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 av w TABLE 5.5.3.1 Roof U -Factor Multipliers for Exception to 5.5.3.1. Climate Zone Roof U -Factor Multiplier 1 0.77 2 0.83 3 0.85 4 through 8 1.00 Exception to 5.5.3.1: For roofs where the exterior sur- face has a minimum total solar reflectance of 0.70 when tested in accordance with one of the solar reflectance test methods listed below and has a minimum thermal emittance of 0.75 when tested in accordance with one of the thermal emittance test methods listed below, other than roofs with ventilated attics or roofs with semi - heated spaces, the U -factor of the proposed roof shall be permitted to be adjusted using Equation 5-1 for demon- strating compliance: Uroafadi — Uroofp.posed X Factor,nofnwltiplier (5-1) where U-ofadi = the adjusted roof U -factor for use in demonstrating compliance, Umofproposed = the U -factor of the proposed roof, as designed, Factormofmultipiier= the roof U -factor multiplier from Table 5.5.3.1 Solar Reflectance Test Methods: ASTM E903, ASTM El 175, or ASTM E1918. Thermal Emittance Test Methods: ASTM C835, ASTM C1371, or ASTM E408. 5.5.3.2 Above -Grade Wall Insulation. All above - grade walls shall comply with the insulation values specified in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8. When a wall consists of both above -grade and below -grade portions, the entire wall for that story shall be insulated on either the exterior or the inte- rior or be integral. (a) If insulated on the interior, the wall shall be insulated to the above -grade wall requirements. (b) If insulated on the exterior or integral, the below -grade wall portion shall be insulated to the below -grade wall requirements, and the above -grade wall portion shall be insulated to the above -grade wail requirements. 5.5.3.3 Below -Grade Wall Insulation. Below -grade walls shall have a rated R -value of insulation not less that the insulation values specified in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8. Exception to 5.5.3.3: Where framing, including metal and wood studs, is used, compliance shall be based on ... the maximum assembly C factor. 5.5.3.4 Floor Insulation. All floors shall comply with the insulation values specified in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8. 5.5.3.5 Slab -on -Grade Floor Insulation. All slab -on - grade floors, including heated slab -on -grade floors and unheated slab -on -grade floors, shall comply with the insula- tion values specified in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8. 5.5.3.6 Opaque Doors. All opaque doors shall have a Ufactor not greater than that specified in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8. 5.5.4 Fenestration. 5.5.4.1 General. Compliance with Ufactors and solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) shall be demonstrated for the overall fenestration product. Gross wall areas and gross roof areas shall be calculated separately for each space -condition- ing category for the purposes of determining compliance. Exception to 5.5.4.1: If there are multiple assemblies within a single class of construction for a single space - conditioning category, compliance shall be based on an area -weighted average Ufactor or SHGC. It is not acceptable to do an area -weighted average across multi- ple classes of construction or multiple space -condition- ing categories. 5.5.4.2 Fenestration Area 5.5.4.2.1 Vertical Fenestration Area. The total verti- cal fenestration area shall be less than 50% of the gross wall area. Exception to 5.5.4.2.1: Vertical fenestration complying with Exception (c) to 5.5.4.4.1. 5.5.4.2.2 Skylight Fenestration Area. The total sky- light area shall be less than 5% of the gross roof area. 5.5.4.3 Fenestration U -Factor. Fenestration shall have a Ufactor not greater than that specified in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8 for the appropriate fenestration area. Exception to 5.5.4.3: Vertical fenestration complying with Exception (c) to 5.5.4.4.1 shall have a U factor not greater than that specified for 40% of the gross wall area. 5.5.4.4 Fenestration Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). 5.5.4.4.1 SHGC of Vertical Fenestration. Vertical fenestration shall have a SHGC not greater than that specified for "all" orientations in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8 for the appropriate total vertical fenestration area. Exceptions to 5.5.4.4.1: (a) In latitudes greater than 10 degrees, the SHGC for north -oriented vertical fenestration shall be calcu- lated separately and shall not be greater than that specified in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8 for north -ori- ented fenestration. When this exception is used, the fenestration area used in selecting the criteria shall be calculated separately for north -oriented and all other -oriented fenestration. Note to adopting authority: If the project is in the southern hemisphere, change north to south. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 19 6M (b) For demonstrating compliance for vertical fenestra- tion only, the SHGC in the proposed building shall be reduced by using the multipliers in Table 5.5.4.4.1 for each fenestration product shaded by permanent projections that will last as long as the building itself. (c) Vertical fenestration that is located on the street side of the street -level story only, provided that: 1. the street side of the street -level story does not exceed 20 ft in height, 2. the fenestration has a continuous overhang with a weighted average projection factor greater than 0.5, and 3. the fenestration area for the street side of the street -level storyis less than 75% ofthe gross wall area for the street side of the street -level story. When this exception is utilized, separate calculations shall be performed for these sections of the building envelope, and these values shall not be averaged with any others for compliance purposes. No credit shall be given here or else- where in the building for not fully utilizing the fenestration area allowed. 5.5.4.4.2 SHGC of Skylights. Skylights shall have an SHGC not greater than that specified for "all" orientations in Tables 5.5-1 through 5.5-8 for the appropriate total skylight area. 5.6 Building Envelope Trade -Off Option. 5.6.1 The building envelope complies with the standard if (a) the proposed building satisfies the provisions of 5.1, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8, and (b) the envelope performance factor of the proposed building is less than or equal to the envelope performance factor of the budget building. 5.6.1.1 The envelopeperformance factor considers only the building envelope components. 5.6.1.2 Schedules of operation, lighting power, equip- ment power, occupant density, and mechanical systems shall be the same for both the proposed building and the budget building. 5.6.1.3 Envelope performance factor shall be calculated using the procedures of Normative Appendix C. 5.7 Submittals 5.7.1 General. Authority having jurisdiction may require submittal of compliance documentation and supplemental information, in accordance with Section 4.2.2 of this standard. 5.7.2 Submittal Document Labeling of Space Condi- tioning Categories. For buildings that contain spaces that will be only semiheated or unconditioned, and compliance is sought using the "semiheated" envelope criteria, such spaces shall be clearly indicated on the floor plans that are submitted for review. 5.8 Product Information and Installation Requirements 5.8.1 Insulation. 5.8.1.1 Labeling of Building Envelope Insulation. The rated R -value shall be clearly identified by an identifica- tion mark applied by the manufacturer to each piece of build- ing envelope insulation. 20 TABLE 5.5.4.4.1 SHGC Multipliers for Permanent Projections Projection SHGC Multiplier SHGC Multiplier Factor (All Other Orientations) (North -Oriented) 0-0.10 1.00 1.00 >0.10-0.20 0.91 0.95 >0.20-0.30 0.82 0.91 >0.30-0.40 0.74 0.87 >0.40-0.50 0.67 0.84 >0.50-0.60 0.61 0.81 >0.60-0.70 0.56 0.78 >0.70-0.80 0.51 0.76 >0.80-0.90 0.47 0.75 >0.90-1.00 0.44 0.73 Exception to 5.8.1.1: When insulation does not have such an identification mark, the installer of such insula- tion shall provide a signed and dated certification for the installed insulation listing the type of insulation, the manufacturer, the rated R -value, and, where appropri- ate, the initial installed thickness, the settled thickness, and the coverage area. 5.8.1.2 Compliance with Manufacturer's Require- ments. Insulation materials shall be installed in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations and in such a manner as to achieve rated R -value of insulation. Exception to 5.8.1.2: Where metal building roof and metal building wall insulation is compressed between the roof or wall skin and the structure. 5.8.1.3 Loose -fill Insulation Limitation. Open -blown or poured loose -fill insulation shall not be used in attic roof spaces when the slope of the ceiling is more than three in twelve. 5.8.1.4 Baffles. When cave vents are installed, baffling of the vent openings shall be provided to deflect the incoming air above the surface of the insulation. 5.8.1.5 Substantial Contact. Insulation shall be installed in a permanent manner in substantial contact with the inside surface in accordance with manufacturer's recom- mendations for the framing system used. Flexible batt insula- tion installed in floor cavities shall be supported in a permanent manner by supports no greater than 24 in. on cen- ter. Exception to 5.8.1.5: Insulation materials that rely on air -spaces adjacent to reflective surfaces for their rated performance. 5.8.1.6 Recessed Equipment. Lighting fixtures; heat- ing, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment, including wall heaters, ducts, and plenums; and other equipment shall not be recessed in such a manner as to affect the insulation thickness unless: ANSUASHRAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 (a) the total combined area affected (including necessary 5.8.2.4 U -factor. U -factors shall be determined in clearances) is less than one percent of the opaque area of accordance with NFRC 100. U -factors for skylights shall be the assembly, or determined for a slope of 20 degrees above the horizontal. (b) the entire roof, wall, orJloor is covered with insulation to the full depth required, or Exceptions to 5.8.2.4: (c) the effects of reduced insulation are included in calcula- (a) U -factors from A8.1 shall be an acceptable alterna- tions using an area -weighted average method and com- tive for determining compliance with the U -factor pressed insulation values obtained from Table A9.4.C. criteria for skylights. Where credit is being taken for In all cases, air leakage through or around the recessed a low -emissivity coating, the emissivity of the coat - equipment to the conditioned space shall be limited in ing shall be determined in accordance with NFRC accordance with 5.4.3. 300. Emissivity shall be verified and certified by the 5.8.1.7 Insulation Protection. Exterior insulation shall manufacturer. be covered with a protective material to prevent damage from (b) U -factors from A8.2 shall be an acceptable alterna- sunlight, moisture, landscaping operations, equipment main- tive for determining compliance with the U -factor tenance, and wind. criteria for vertica[fenestration. 5.8.1.7.1 In attics and mechanical rooms, a way to access equipment that prevents damaging or compressing the (c) U -factors from A7 shall be an acceptable alternative insulation shall be provided. for determining compliance with the U -factor criteria 5.8.1.7.2 Foundation vents shall not interfere with the for opaque doors. insulation. (d) For garage doors, ANSI/DASMA105 shall be an 5.8.1.7.3 Insulation materials in ground contact shall acceptable alternative for determining U factors. have a water absorption rate no greater than 0.3% when tested 5.8.2.5 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient. SHGC for the in accordance with ASTM C272. overall fenestration area shall be determined in accordance 5.8.1.8 Location of Roof Insulation. The roof insula- with NFRC 200. tion shall not be installed on a suspended ceiling with remov- able ceiling panels. Exceptions to 5.8.2.5: 5.8.1.9 Extent of Insulation. Insulation shall extend (a) Shading coefficient of the center of glass multiplied over the full component area to the required rated R -value of by 0.86 shall be an acceptable alternative for deter - insulation, U -factor, C -factor, or F -factor, unless otherwise mining compliance with the SHGC requirements for allowed in 5.8.1. the overall fenestration area. Shading coefficient 5.8.2 Fenestration and Doors. shall be determined using a spectral data file deter - 5.8.2.1 Rating of Fenestration Products. The U-fac- mined in accordance with NFRC 300. Shading coef- tor, solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and air leakage rate ficient shall be verified and certified by the for all manufactured fenestration products shall be deter- manufacturer. mined by a laboratory accredited by a nationally recognized (b) SHGC of the center of glass shall be an acceptable accreditation organization, such as the National Fenestration alternative for determining compliance with the Rating Council. SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration area. 5.8.2.2 Labeling of Fenestration Products. All manu- SHGC shall be determined using a spectral data file factored fenestration products shall have a permanent name- determined in accordance with NFRC 300. SHGC plate, installed by the manufacturer, listing the U -factor, solar shall be verified and certified by the manufacturer. heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and air leakage rate. (c) SHGC from A8.1 shall be an acceptable alternative Exception to 5.8.2.2: When the fenestration product for determining compliance with the SHGC criteria does not have such nameplate, the installer or supplier for skylights. Where credit is being taken for a low - of such fenestration shall provide a signed and dated emissivity, coating, the emissivity of the coating shall certification for the installed fenestration listing the U- be determined in accordance with NFRC 300. Emis- factor, SHGC, and the air leakage rate. sivity shall be verified and certified by the manufac- 5.8.2.3 Labeling of Doors. The U factor and the air turer. leakage rate for all manufactured doors installed between (d) SHGC from shall bean acceptable alternative conditioned space, semi -heated space, unconditioned space, and exterior space shall be identified on a permanent name- for determiningg compliance with the SHGC criteria n plate installed on the product by the manufacturer. for vertical fenestration. Exception to 5.8.2.3: When doors do not have such a 5.8.2.6 Visible Light Transmittance. Visible light ✓' nameplate, the installer or supplier of any such doors shall transmittance shall be determined in accordance with NFRC provide a signed and dated certification for the installed 200. Visible light transmittance shall be verified and certified doors listing the U factor and the air leakage rate. by the manufacturer. ANSI/ASHRAEIIESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 21 'ww» l TABLE 5.5-1 Building Envelope Requirements For Climate Zone 1 (A,B)* 'The rairowing&R.Movsapply: c�----cws I---n1see - 111 n+.-noi,,,=y..y... nExcepnon to A3.1.3.1 applies. 22 ANSVASHRAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Nonresidential Residential Semiheated Assembly Assembly Insulation Min. Assembly Insulation Min. Maxi- Insulation Min. Opaque Elements Maximum R -Value Maximum R -Value mum R -Value Roofs Insulation Entirely above Deck U-0.063 R-15.0 ci U-0.063 R-15.0 ci U-1.282 NR Metal Building U-0.065 R-19.0 U-0.065 R-19.0 U-1.280 NR Attic and Other U-0.034 R-30.0 U-0.027 R-38.0 U-0.614 NR Walls, Above -Grade Mass U-0.580 NR U-0.151, R-5.7 cis U-0.580 NR Metal Building U-0.113 R-13.0 U-0.113 R-13.0 U-1.180 NR Steel -Framed U-0.124 R-13.0 U-0.124 R-13.0 U-0.352 NR Wood -Framed and Other U-0.099 R-13.0 U-0.089 R-13.0 U-0.292 NR Wall, Below -Grade Below -Grade Wall C-1.140 NR C-1.140 NR C-1.140 NR Floors Mass U-0.322 NR U-0.322 NR U-0.322 NR Steel -Joist U-0.350 NR U-0.350 NR U-0.350 NR Wood -Framed and Other U-0.282 NR U-0.282 NR U-0.282 NR Slab -On -Grade Floors Unheated F-0.730 NR F-0.730 NR F-0.730 NR Heated F-1.020 R-7.5 for 12 in. F-1.020 R-7.5 for 12 in. F-1.020 R-7.5 for 12 in. Opaque Doors Swinging U-0.700 U-0.700 U-0.700 Non -Swinging U-1.450 U-1.450 U-1.450 Assembly Assembly Max. Assembly Assembly Max. Assembly Assembly Max. Max. U SHGC (All Max. U SHGC (All Max. U SHGC (All (Fixed/ Orientations/ (Fixed/ Orientations/ (Fixed/ Orientations/ Fenestration Operable) North -Oriented) Operable) North -Oriented) Operable) North -Oriented) Vertical Glinting %of Wall 0-10.0% Ufixed"121 SHOCall-0.25 Ufixed"122 SHGC,drn25 Ufixed"122 SHGCaII" Uoper127 SHGCnorth-0.61 Uoper 1.27 SHGCnortb-0.61 Uoper1.27 SHGCnorthNR 10.1-20.0% Ufixed"122 SHGCali-0.25 Ufixed"1.22 SHGCaII"0.25 Ufixed-122 SHGCalI-NR Uoper1.27 SHGC north"0.61 UopeC127 SHGCnorth-0.61 Uoper127 SHGCnortoR 20.1-30.0% UfixeT1.22 SHGCdro.25 Ufixed-1.22 SHGcall"0.25 ufix d-122 SHGCOI-NR Uoper1.27 SHGC north"0.61 UopeC127 SHGC north -0.61 Uoper1.27 SHGCnortolk 30.1-40.0% Ufixed"122 SHGC,ii-0.25 Ufix�-1.22 SHGCait-0.25 Ufixed"122 SHGCa]I-NR Unper1.27 SHGCnorth-o.44 Uoper,.27 SHGCnorth-0.44 UopeCl 27 SHGCnorthNR 40.1-50.0% Ufixed"1.22 SHGCall-0.19 Ufixed"122 SHGCaII-0.19 Ufixed-0.98 SHGC,11-NR UOper127 SHGCnorth-0.33 U0per127 SHGCnnrth-0.33 UopeC1.02 SHGCnorthNR Skylight with Curb, Glass, % of Roof 0-2.0% Uall"L98 SHGCall-0.36 Uall-1.98 SHGCatI-0.19 Uall"1.98 SHGCaII" 2.1-5.0% Uall"1.98 SHGCall-0.19 UaII-1.96 SHGCaII-0.16 Uall"198 SHGCall-NR Skylight with Curb, Plastic, % of Roof 020% Uall-1.90 SHGCall-0.34 Uall-1.90 SHGCaII"02] Uall-1.90 SHGCdI-NR 2.1-5.0% Uall-190 SHGCall-0.27 Uall-1.90 SHGCall-0.27 Ual1-1.90 SHGCan-NR Skylight without Curb, All, % of Roof 0-2.0% Uall-1 SHGCall-0.36 Uall-136 SHGCaii-0.19 call -1.36 SHGCatI"NR 2.1-5.0% Uall-1.36 SHGCall-0.19 Uall-1.36 SHGC alF0.19 Uatl-1.36 SHGCall-NR 'The rairowing&R.Movsapply: c�----cws I---n1see - 111 n+.-noi,,,=y..y... nExcepnon to A3.1.3.1 applies. 22 ANSVASHRAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 6. HEATING, VENTILATING, AND AIR CONDITIONING Section 6- Heating, ventilating and Air Conditioning 1 6A - Mandator, Provisions 6.3 - Simplired 16 5 - Prescnptive Path 6.1 General 6.1.1 Scope 6.1.1.1 New Buildings: Mechanical equipment and sys- tems serving the heating, cooling, or ventilating needs of new buildings shall comply with the requirements of this section as described in 6.2. 6.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings: Mechanical equipment and systems serving the heating, cooling, or ven- tilating needs of additions to existing buildings shall comply with the requirements of this section as described in 6.2. Exception to 6.1.1.2: When HVAC to an addition is pro- vided by existing HVAC systems and equipment, such existing systems and equipment shall not be required to comply with this standard. However, any new systems or equipment installed must comply with specific require- ments applicable to those systems and equipment. 6.1.1.3 Alterations to Heating, Ventilating, and Air - Conditioning in Existing Building. 6.1.1.3.1 New HVAC equipment as a direct replace- ment of existing HVAC equipment shall comply with the spe- cific minimum efficiency requirements applicable to that equipment. 6.1.1.3.2 New cooling systems installed to serve pre- viously uncooled spaces shall comply with this section as described in 6.2. 6.1.1.3.3 Alterations to existing cooling systems shall not decrease economizer capability unless the system com- plies with 6.5.1. 6.1.1.3.4 New and replacement ductwork shall com- ply with 6.4.4.1 and 6.4.4.2. 6.1.1.3.5 New and replacement piping shall comply with 6.4.4.1. (b) where a replacement or alteration of equipment requires extensive revisions to other systems, equip- ment, or elements of a building, and such replaced or altered equipment is a like -for -like replacement, or (c) for a refrigerant change of existing equipment, or (d) for the relocation of existing equipment, or (e) for ducts and pipes where there is insufficient space or access to meet these requirements. 6.2 Compliance Path(s) 6.2.1 Compliance with Section 6 shall be achieved by meeting all requirements for 6.1, General; 6.7, Submittals, 6.8, Minimum Equipment Efficiency; and either (a) 6.3, Simplified Approach Option for HVAC Systems; or (b) 6.4, Mandatory Provisions; and 6.5, Prescriptive Path. 6.2.2 Projects using the Energy Cost Budget Method (Section 11 of this standard), must comply with 6.4, the man- datory provisions of this section, as a portion of that compli- ance path. 6.3 Simplified Approach Option for HVAC Systems 6.3.1 Scope: The simplified approach is an optional path for compliance when the following conditions are met: (a) building is two stories or less in height, (b) gross floor area is less than 25,000 square feet, and (c) each HVAC system in the building complies with the requirements listed in 6.3.2 6.3.2 Criteria: HVAC system must meet ALL of the fol- lowing criteria: (a) The system serves a single HVAC zone. (b) Cooling (if any) shall be provided by a unitary packaged or split -system air conditioner that is either air-cooled or evaporatively cooled with efficiency meeting the require- ments shown in Table 6.8.1A (air conditioners), Table 6.8.18 (heat pumps), or Table 6.8.1D (packaged terminal and room air conditioners and heat pumps) for the appli- (c) (d) Exceptions to 6.1.1.3: Compliance shall not be required: (a) for equipment that is being modified or repaired but (e) not replaced, provided that such modifications and/ or repairs will not result in an increase in the annual ` energy consumption of the equipment using the same energy type, or cable equipment category. The system shall have an air economizer where indicated in Table 6.5.1, with controls as indicated in Tables 6.5.1.1.3A and 6.5.1.1.313 and with either barometric or powered relief sized to prevent overpressurization of the building. Where the cooling efficiency meets or exceeds the efficiency requirement in Table 6.3.2, no economizer is required. Outdoor air dampers for economizer use shall be provided with blade and jamb seals. Heating (if any) shall be provided by a unitary packaged or split -system heat pump that meets the applicable effi- ciency requirements shown in Table 6.8.1B (heat pumps) or Table 6.8.1D (packaged terminal and room air condi- tioners and heat pumps), a fuel -fired furnace that meets the applicable efficiency requirements shown in Table 6.8.1E (furnaces, duct furnaces, and unit heaters), an elec- tric resistance heater, or a baseboard system connected to a boiler that meets the applicable efficiency requirements shown in Table 6.8.1F (boilers). The outdoor air quantity supplied by the system shall be less than or equal to 3000 cfin and less than 70% of the supply air quantity at minimum outdoor air design condi- tions unless an energy recovery ventilation system is pro- vided in accordance with the requirements in 6.5.6. ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 31 0 TABLE 6.3.2 Eliminate Required Economizer by Increasing Cooling Efficiency e Each EER shown below should be reduced by 0.2 for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat. b Elimination of required econaminr is not allowed. c section 12 contains complete specification ofthe referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure (f) The system shall be controlled by a manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat. (g) If a heat pump equipped with auxiliary internal electric resistance heaters is installed, controls shall be provided that prevent supplemental heater operation when the heat- ing load can be met by the heat pump alone during both steady-state operation and setback recovery. Supplemen- tal heater operation is permitted during outdoor coil defrost cycles. Two means of meeting this requirement are (1) a digital or electronic thermostat designed for heat pump use that energizes auxiliary heat only when the heat pump has insufficient capacity to maintain setpoint or to warns up the space at a sufficient rate or (2) a multi -stage space thermostat and an outdoor air thermostat wired to energize auxiliary heat only on the last stage of the space thermostat and when outside air temperature is less than 40°F. Heat pumps whose minimum efficiency is regulated by NAECA and whose HSPF rating both meets the requirements shown in Table 6.8.1B and includes all usage of internal electric resistance heating are exempted from the control requirements of this part (6.3.2g). (h) The system controls shall not permit reheat or any other form of simultaneous heating and cooling for humidity control. (i) Systems serving spaces other than hotel/motel guest rooms, and other than those requiring continuous opera- tion, which have both a cooling or heating capacity greater than 15,000 Btu/h and a supply fan motor power greater than 3/4 hp, shall be provided with a time clock that (1) can start and stop the system under different schedules for seven different day -types per week, (2) is 32 capable of retaining programming and time setting during a loss of power for a period of at least 10 hours, (3) includes an accessible manual override that allows tempo- rary operation of the system for up to two hours, (4) is capable of temperature setback down to 55'F during off hours, and (5) is capable of temperature setup to 90'F during off hours. (j) Except for piping within manufacturer's units, HVAC piping shall be insulated in accordance with Table 6.8.3. Insulation exposed to weather shall be suitable for out- door service, e.g., protected by aluminum, sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as above or painted with a coating that is water retardant and provides shielding from solar radia- tion. (k) Ductwork and plenums shall be insulated in accordance with Tables 6.8.2A and 6.8.2B and shall be sealed in accordance with Table 6.4.4.2A. (1) Construction documents shall require a ducted system to be air balanced in accordance with industry accepted pro- cedures. (m) Where separate heating and cooling equipment serves the same temperature zone, thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling. (n) Exhausts with a design capacity of over 300 cfrt on sys- tems that do not operate continuously shall be equipped with gravity or motorized dampers that will automatically shut when the systems are not in use. (o) Systems with a design supply air capacity greater than 10,000 efm shall have optimum start controls. ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Unitary Systems with Heat Pump Heating System Size Mandatory Climate Zones (kBtu/h) Minimum EER' 5 to 8 4 3 2 Minimum Cooling Efficiency Required (EER)' Test Procedure` >_65 and <135 10.1 N/A b 12.1 11.6 11.1 >_135 and <240 9.3 N/A b 11.3 10.8 10.4 ARI 340/360 >_240 and < 760 9.0 N/A b 10.9 10.5 10.0 Other Unitary Systems System Size Mandatory Climate Zones (kBta/h) Minimum EER 5 to 8 4 3 2 Minimum Cooling Efficiency Required (EER)' Test Proceduree >_65 and <135 10.3 N/A b 12.5 12.0 11.5 >_135 and <_240 9.7 N/A b I L5 11.1 10.6 ARI 340/360 >240 and < 760 9.5 N/A b 11.2 10.7 10.3 e Each EER shown below should be reduced by 0.2 for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat. b Elimination of required econaminr is not allowed. c section 12 contains complete specification ofthe referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure (f) The system shall be controlled by a manual changeover or dual setpoint thermostat. (g) If a heat pump equipped with auxiliary internal electric resistance heaters is installed, controls shall be provided that prevent supplemental heater operation when the heat- ing load can be met by the heat pump alone during both steady-state operation and setback recovery. Supplemen- tal heater operation is permitted during outdoor coil defrost cycles. Two means of meeting this requirement are (1) a digital or electronic thermostat designed for heat pump use that energizes auxiliary heat only when the heat pump has insufficient capacity to maintain setpoint or to warns up the space at a sufficient rate or (2) a multi -stage space thermostat and an outdoor air thermostat wired to energize auxiliary heat only on the last stage of the space thermostat and when outside air temperature is less than 40°F. Heat pumps whose minimum efficiency is regulated by NAECA and whose HSPF rating both meets the requirements shown in Table 6.8.1B and includes all usage of internal electric resistance heating are exempted from the control requirements of this part (6.3.2g). (h) The system controls shall not permit reheat or any other form of simultaneous heating and cooling for humidity control. (i) Systems serving spaces other than hotel/motel guest rooms, and other than those requiring continuous opera- tion, which have both a cooling or heating capacity greater than 15,000 Btu/h and a supply fan motor power greater than 3/4 hp, shall be provided with a time clock that (1) can start and stop the system under different schedules for seven different day -types per week, (2) is 32 capable of retaining programming and time setting during a loss of power for a period of at least 10 hours, (3) includes an accessible manual override that allows tempo- rary operation of the system for up to two hours, (4) is capable of temperature setback down to 55'F during off hours, and (5) is capable of temperature setup to 90'F during off hours. (j) Except for piping within manufacturer's units, HVAC piping shall be insulated in accordance with Table 6.8.3. Insulation exposed to weather shall be suitable for out- door service, e.g., protected by aluminum, sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as above or painted with a coating that is water retardant and provides shielding from solar radia- tion. (k) Ductwork and plenums shall be insulated in accordance with Tables 6.8.2A and 6.8.2B and shall be sealed in accordance with Table 6.4.4.2A. (1) Construction documents shall require a ducted system to be air balanced in accordance with industry accepted pro- cedures. (m) Where separate heating and cooling equipment serves the same temperature zone, thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling. (n) Exhausts with a design capacity of over 300 cfrt on sys- tems that do not operate continuously shall be equipped with gravity or motorized dampers that will automatically shut when the systems are not in use. (o) Systems with a design supply air capacity greater than 10,000 efm shall have optimum start controls. ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 6.4 Mandatory Provisions 6.4.1 Equipment Efficiencies, Verification, and Label- ing Requirements 6.4.1.1 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies – Listed Equipment–Standard Rating and Operating Conditions. Equipment shown in Tables 6.8.1 A through 6.8.1 G shall have a minimum performance at the specified rating conditions when tested in accordance with the specified test procedure. Where multiple rating conditions or performance require- ments are provided, the equipment shall satisfy all stated requirements, unless otherwise exempted by footnotes in the table. Equipment covered under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) shall have no minimum efficiency requirements for operation at minimum capacity or other than standard rating conditions. Equipment used to provide water heating functions as part of a combination system shall satisfy all stated requirements for the appropriate space heating or cooling category. Tables are as follows: (a) Table 6.8.1 A - Air Conditioners and Condensing Units (b) Table 6.8.1 B - Heat Pumps (c) Table 6.8.1C - Water Chilling Packages (see 6.4.1.2 for water-cooled centrifugal water -chilling packages that are designed to operate at nonstandard conditions) (d) Table 6.8.1D - Packaged Terminal and Room Air Condi- tioners and Heat Pumps (e) Table 6.8.1E - Furnaces, Duct Furnaces, and Unit Heaters (f) Table 6.8.IF–Boilers (g) Table 6.8.1G - Heat Rejection Equipment All furnaces with input ratings of>:225,000 Btu/h, includ- ing electric furnaces, that are not located within the condi- tioned space shall have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating. 6.4.1.2 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies – Listed Equipment – Nonstandard Conditions: Water-cooled cen- trifugal water -chilling packages that are not designed for operation at ARI Standard 550/590 test conditions (and thus cannot be tested to meet the requirements of Table 6.8.1 C) of 44°F leaving chilled water temperature and 85°F entering condenser water temperature with 3 gpm/ton condenser water flow shall have a minimum full -load COP and a minimum NPLV rating as shown in tables referenced below. (a) Centrifugal chillers <150 tons shall meet the minimum full -load COP and IPLV/NPLV in Table 6.8.1 H. (b) Centrifugal chillers >!150 tons and <300 tons shall meet the minimum full -load COP and IPLV/NPLV in Table 6.8.1I. (c) Centrifugal chillers >_300 tons shall meet the minimum full -load COP and IPLV/NPLV in Table 6.8.1J. The table values are only applicable over the following full -load design ranges: Leaving Chiller Water Temperature: 40°F to 48°F Entering Condenser Water Temperature: 75°F to 857 Condensing Water Temperature Rise: 5°F to 15°F ANSUASHRAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Chillers designed to operate outside of these ranges or applications utilizing fluids or solutions with secondary cool- ants (e.g., glycol solutions or brines) with a freeze point of 27°F or less for freeze protection are not covered by this stan- dard. 6.4.1.3 Equipment Not Listed. Equipment not listed in the tables referenced in 6.4.1.1 and 6.4.1.2 may be used. 6.4.1.4 Verification of Equipment Efficiencies. Equipment efficiency information supplied by manufacturers shall be verified as follows: (a) Equipment covered under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) shall comply with U.S. Department of Energy certification requirements. (b) If a certification program exists for a covered product, and it includes provisions for verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, then the product shall be listed in the certification program, or, (c) if a certification program exists for a covered product, and it includes provisions for verification and challenge of equipment efficiency ratings, but the product is not listed in the existing certification program, the ratings shall be verified by an independent laboratory test report, or (d) if no certification program exists for a covered product, the equipment efficiency ratings shall be supported by data famished by the manufacturer, or (e) where components such as indoor or outdoor coils from different manufacturers are used, the system designer shall specify component efficiencies whose combined efficiency meets the minimum equipment efficiency requirements in 6.4.1. (f) Products covered in Table 6.8.1G shall have efficiency ratings supported by data furnished by the manufacturer. 6.4.1.5 Labeling 6.4.1.5.1 Mechanical Equipment. Mechanical equipment that is not covered by the U.S. National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987 shall carry a per- manent label installed by the manufacturer stating that the equipment complies with the requirements of ASHRAE/ IESNA Standard 90.1. 6.4.1.5.2 Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners. Packaged terminal air conditioners and heat pumps with sleeve sizes less than 16 in. high and 42 in. wide shall be fac- tory labeled as follows: Manufactured for replacement appli- cations only: not to be installed in new construction projects. 6.4.2 Load Calculations. Heating and cooling system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in accordance with generally accepted engineering standards and handbooks acceptable to the adopting authority (for example, ASHRAE Handbook—Fun- damentals). 6.4.3 Controls 6.4.3.1 Zone Thermostatic Controls 6.4.3.1.1 General. The supply of heating and cooling energy to each zone shall be individually controlled by ther- mostatic controls responding to temperature within the zone. For the purposes of 6.4.3.1, a dwelling unit shall be permitted to be considered a single zone. 33 I., M Exceptions to 6.4.3.1.1: Independent perimeter systems that are designed to offset only building envelope loads shall be permitted to serve one or more zones also served by an interior system provided: (a) the perimeter system includes at least one thermo- static control zone for each building exposure having exterior walls facing only one orientation for 50 con- tiguous feet or more, and (b) the perimeter system heating and cooling supply is controlled by a thermostatic control(s) located within the zones(s) served by the system. Exterior walls are considered to have different orienta- tions if the directions they face differ by more than 45 degrees. 6.4.3.1.2 Dead Band. Where used to control both heating and cooling, zone thermostatic controls shall be capa- ble of providing a temperature range or dead band of at least 5°F within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone is shut off or reduced to a minimum. Exceptions to 6.4.3.1.2: (a) Thermostats that require manual changeover between heating and cooling modes. (b) Special occupancy or special applications where wide temperature ranges are not acceptable (such as retirement homes, process applications, data process- ing, museums, some areas of hospitals) and are approved by the authority having jurisdiction. 6.4.3.2 Setpoint Overlap Restriction. Where heating and cooling to a zone are controlled by separate zone thermo- static controls located within the zone, means (such as limit switches, mechanical stops, or, for DEC systems, software programming) shall be provided to prevent the heating set - point from exceeding the cooling setpoint minus any applica- ble proportional band. 6.4.3.3 Off -Hour Controls. HVAC systems shall have the off -hour controls required by Sections 6.4.3.3.1 through 6.4.3.3.4. Exceptions to 6.4.3.3: (a) HVAC systems serving hotel/motel guest rooms. (b) HVAC systems intended to operate continuously. (c) HVAC systems having a design heating capacity and cooling capacity less than 15,000 Btu/h that are equipped with readily accessible manual on/off con- trols. 6.4.3.3.1 Automatic Shutdown. HVAC systems shall be equipped with at least one of the following: (a) Controls that can start and stop the system under different time schedules for seven different day -types per week, are capable of retaining programming and time setting during loss of power for a period of at least 10 hours, and include an accessible manual override, or equivalent function, that allows temporary operation of the system for up to two hours. (b) An occupant sensor that is capable of shutting the system off when no occupant is sensed for a period of up to 30 minutes. (c) A manually operated timer capable of being adjusted to operate the system for up to two hours. (d) An interlock to a security system that shuts the system off when the security system is activated. 34 Exception to 6.4.3.3.1: Residential occupancies may use controls that can start and stop the system under two different time schedules per week. 6.4.3.3.2 Setback Controls. Heating systems located in climate zones 2-8 shall be equipped with controls that have the capability to automatically restart and temporarily operate the system as required to maintain zone temperatures above a heating setpoint adjustable down to 557 or lower. Cooling systems located in climate zones lb, 2b, and 3b shall be equipped with controls that have the capability to automati- cally restart and temporarily operate the system as required to maintain zone temperatures below a cooling setpoint adjust- able up to 90°F or higher or to prevent high space humidity levels. Exception to 6.4.3.3.2: Radiant floor and ceiling heat- ing systems. 6.4.3.3.3 Optimum Start Controls. Individual heat- ing and cooling air distribution systems with a total design supply air capacity exceeding 10,000 cfm, served by one or more supply fans, shall have optimum start controls. The con- trol algorithm shall, as a minimum, be a function of the dif- ference between space temperature and occupied setpoint and the amount of time prior to scheduled occupancy. 6.4.3.3.4 Zone Isolation. HVAC systems serving zones that are intended to operate or be occupied nonsimulta- neously shall be divided into isolation areas. Zones may be grouped into a single isolation area provided it does not exceed 25,000 ft2 of conditioned floor area nor include more than one floor. Each isolation area shall be equipped with iso- lation devices capable of automatically shutting off the supply of conditioned air and outdoor air to and exhaust air from the area. Each isolation area shall be controlled independently by a device meeting the requirements of 6.4.3.3.1 (Automatic Shutdown). For central systems and plants, controls and devices shall be provided to allow stable system and equip- ment operation for any length of time while serving only the smallest isolation area served by the system or plant. Exceptions to 6.4.3.3.4: Isolation devices and controls are not required for the following: (a) Exhaust air and outdoor air connections to isolation zones when the fan system to which they connect is 5000 cfm and smaller. (b) Exhaust airflow from a single isolation zone of less than 10% of the design airflow of the exhaust system to which it connects. (c) Zones intended to operate continuously or intended to be inoperative only when all other zones are inop- erative. 6.4.3.4 Ventilation System Controls. 6.4.3.4.1 Stair and Shaft Vents. Stair and elevator shaft vents shall be equipped with motorized dampers that are capable of being automatically closed during normal building operation and are interlocked to open as required by fire and smoke detection systems. 6.4.3.4.2 Gravity Hoods, Vents, and Ventilators. All outdoor air supply and exhaust hoods, vents, and ventila- tors shall be equipped with motorized dampers that will auto- matically shut when the spaces served are not in use. ANSUASHRAE/LESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Exceptions to 6.4.3.4.1 and 6.4.3.4.2: (a) Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in buildings less than three stories in height above grade and for buildings of any height located in climate zones 1, 2, and 3. (b) Ventilation systems serving unconditioned spaces. 6.4.3.4.3 Shutoff Damper Controls. Both outdoor air supply and exhaust systems shall be equipped with motor- ized dampers that will automatically shut when the systems or spaces served are not in use. Ventilation outdoor air dampers shall be capable of automatically shutting off during preoccu- pancy building warm-up, cool down, and setback, except when ventilation reduces energy costs (e.g., night purge) or when ventilation must be supplied to meet code requirements. Exceptions to 6.4.3.4.3: (a) Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in buildings less than three stories in height and for buildings of any height located in climate zones 1, 2, and 3. (b) Gravity (nonmotorized) dampers are acceptable in systems with a design outdoor air intake or exhaust capacity of 300 cfm or less. 6.4.3.4.4 Dampers. Where outdoor air supply and exhaust air dampers are required by Section 6.4.3.4, they shall have a maximum leakage rate when tested in accordance with AMCA Standard 500 as indicated in Table 6.4.3.4.4. 6.4.3.4.5 Ventilation Fan Controls. Fans with motors greater than 3/4 hp (0.5 kW) shall have automatic con- trols complying with Section 6.4.3.3.1 that are capable of shutting off fans when not required. Exception to 6.4.3.4.5: HVAC systems intended to oper- ate continuously. 6.4.3.5 Heat Pump Auxiliary Heat Control. Heat pumps equipped with internal electric resistance heaters shall have controls that prevent supplemental heater operation when the heating load can be met by the heat pump alone dur- ing both steady-state operation and setback recovery. Supple- mental heater operation is permitted during outdoor coil defrost cycles. Exception to 6.4.3.5: Heat pumps whose minimum effi- ciency is regulated by NAECA and whose HSPF rating both meets the requirements shown in Table 6.8.1B and includes all usage of internal electric resistance heating. 6.4.3.6 Humidifier Preheat. Humidifiers with preheat- ing jackets mounted in the airstream shall be provided with an automatic valve to shut off preheat when humidification is not required. 6.4.3.7 Humidification and Dehumidification. Where a zone is served by a system or systems with both humidifica- tion and dehumidification capability, means (such as limit switches, mechanical stops, or, for DDC systems, software programming) shall be provided capable of preventing simul- taneous operation of humidification and dehumidification equipment. Exceptions to 6.4.3.7: (a) Zones served by desiccant systems, used with direct evaporative cooling in series. -" (b) Systems serving zones where specific humidity lev- els are required, such as computer rooms, museums, and hospitals, and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. TABLE 6.4.3.4.4 Maximum Damper Leakage a Dampers smaller than 24 in. in either dimension may have leakage of 40 efm/ft 6.4.3.8 Freeze Protection and Snow/Ice Melting Sys- tems. Freeze protection systems, such as heat tracing of out- door piping and heat exchangers, including self-regulating heat tracing, shall include automatic controls capable of shut- ting off the systems when outdoor air temperatures are above 40°F or when the conditions of the protected fluid will prevent freezing. Snow- and ice -melting systems shall include auto- matic controls capable of shutting off the systems when the pavement temperature is above 50°F and no precipitation is falling and an automatic or manual control that will allow shutoff when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F so that the potential for snow or ice accumulation is negligible. 6.4.3.9 Ventilation Controls for High -Occupancy Areas. Systems with design outdoor air capacities greater than 3000 cfm serving areas having an average design occu- pancy density exceeding 100 people per 1000 ft2 shall include means to automatically reduce outdoor air intake below design rates when spaces are partially occupied. Ventilation controls shall be in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62 and local standards. Exception to 6.4.3.9: Systems with energy recovery complying with 6.5.6.1. 6.4.4 HVAC System Construction and Insulation 6.4.4.1 Insulation 6.4.4.1.1 General. Insulation required by this section shall be installed in accordance with industry -accepted stan- dards (see Appendix E). These requirements do not apply to HVAC equipment. Insulation shall be protected from damage, including that due to sunlight, moisture, equipment mainte- nance and wind, but not limited to the following: (a) Insulation exposed to weather shall be suitable for out- door service, e.g., protected by aluminum, sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as above or painted with a coating that is water retardant and provides shielding from solar radia- tion that can cause degradation of the material. (b) Insulation covering chilled water piping, refrigerant suc- tion piping, or cooling ducts located outside the condi- tioned space shall include a vapor retardant located outside the insulation (unless the insulation is inherently vapor retardant), all penetrations and joints of which shall be sealed. 6.4.4.1.2 Duct and Plenum Insulation. All supply and return ducts and plenums installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Tables 6.8.2A and 6.8.2B. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 35 Maximum Damper Leakage at 1.0 in. w.g. Climate Zones elm per it' of damper area Climate Motorized Nonmotorized 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 4 Not Allowed All Others 10 20a a Dampers smaller than 24 in. in either dimension may have leakage of 40 efm/ft 6.4.3.8 Freeze Protection and Snow/Ice Melting Sys- tems. Freeze protection systems, such as heat tracing of out- door piping and heat exchangers, including self-regulating heat tracing, shall include automatic controls capable of shut- ting off the systems when outdoor air temperatures are above 40°F or when the conditions of the protected fluid will prevent freezing. Snow- and ice -melting systems shall include auto- matic controls capable of shutting off the systems when the pavement temperature is above 50°F and no precipitation is falling and an automatic or manual control that will allow shutoff when the outdoor temperature is above 40°F so that the potential for snow or ice accumulation is negligible. 6.4.3.9 Ventilation Controls for High -Occupancy Areas. Systems with design outdoor air capacities greater than 3000 cfm serving areas having an average design occu- pancy density exceeding 100 people per 1000 ft2 shall include means to automatically reduce outdoor air intake below design rates when spaces are partially occupied. Ventilation controls shall be in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 62 and local standards. Exception to 6.4.3.9: Systems with energy recovery complying with 6.5.6.1. 6.4.4 HVAC System Construction and Insulation 6.4.4.1 Insulation 6.4.4.1.1 General. Insulation required by this section shall be installed in accordance with industry -accepted stan- dards (see Appendix E). These requirements do not apply to HVAC equipment. Insulation shall be protected from damage, including that due to sunlight, moisture, equipment mainte- nance and wind, but not limited to the following: (a) Insulation exposed to weather shall be suitable for out- door service, e.g., protected by aluminum, sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover. Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as above or painted with a coating that is water retardant and provides shielding from solar radia- tion that can cause degradation of the material. (b) Insulation covering chilled water piping, refrigerant suc- tion piping, or cooling ducts located outside the condi- tioned space shall include a vapor retardant located outside the insulation (unless the insulation is inherently vapor retardant), all penetrations and joints of which shall be sealed. 6.4.4.1.2 Duct and Plenum Insulation. All supply and return ducts and plenums installed as part of an HVAC air distribution system shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Tables 6.8.2A and 6.8.2B. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 35 TABLE 6.4.4.2A Minimum Duct Seal Level' Duct Type Supply Duct Location <_2 in. w.c.b >2 in. w.c.b Exhaust Return Outdoor A A C A Unconditioned Space B Conditioned Spaces' C a Sec Table 6.4.4.28 description of seal level b Duct design static pressure classification c Includes indirectly conditioned spaces such m return air plenums TABLE 6.4.4.2B Duct Seal Levels Seal Level Sealing Requirementsa A All transverse joints, longitudinal seams, and duct wall penetrations. Pressure -sensitive tape shall not be used as the primary sealant, unless it has been certi- fied to comply with UL -181A or UL -181B by an independent testing laboratory and the tape is used in accordance with that certification All transverse joints, longitudinal seams. Pressure - sensitive tape shall not be used as the primary sealant, unless it has been certified to comply with UL -181A or UL -181 B by an independent testing laboratory and the tape is used in accordance with that certification C Transverse joints a Longitudinal seams amjoints oriented in the direction of airflow. Transverse joints are connections of two duct sections oriented perpendicular to airflow. Duct wall penetrations are openings made by any screw fastener, pipe, rod, orwim. Spiral lock seams in a round and flat oval duct need not be sealed. All other connections are considered transverse joints, including but not limited to spin -ins, taps, and other branch connections, access door frames and jambs, duct connections to equipment, etc. Exceptions to 6.4.4.1.2: (a) Factory -installed plenums, casings, or ductwork fur- nished as a part of HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with 6.4.1. (b) Ducts or plenums located in heated spaces, semi - heated spaces, or cooled spaces. (c) For runouts less than 10 ft in length to air terminals or air outlets, the rated R -value of insulation need not exceed R-3.5. (d) Backs of air outlets and outlet plenums exposed to unconditioned or indirectly conditioned spaces with face areas exceeding 5 ft2 need not exceed R-2; those 5 112 or smaller need not be insulated. 6.4.4.1.3 Piping Insulation. Piping shall be thermally insulated in accordance with Table 6.8.3. Exceptions to 6.4.4.1.3: (a) Factory -installed piping within HVAC equipment tested and rated in accordance with 6.4.1. (b) Piping that conveys fluids having a design operating temperature range between 60OF and 1057, inclu- sive. -^ (c) Piping that conveys fluids that have not been heated or cooled through the use of nonrenewable energy (such as roof and condensate drains, domestic cold water supply, natural gas piping, or refrigerant liquid A C B B piping) or where heat gain or heat loss will not increase energy usage. (d) Hot water piping between the shutoff valve and the coil, not exceeding 4 ft in length, when located in conditioned spaces. (e) Pipe unions in heating systems (steam, steam con- densate, and hot water). 6.4.4.2 Ducts and Plenum Leakage 6.4.4.2.1 Duct Sealing. Ductwork and plenums shall be sealed in accordance with Table 6.4.4.2A (Table 6.4.4.213 provides definitions of seal levels), as required to meet the requirements of 6.4.4.2.2 and with standard industry practice (see Appendix E). 6.4.4.2.2 Duct Leakage Tests. Ductwork that is designed to operate at static pressures in excess of 3 in. w.c. shall be leak tested according to industry -accepted test proce- dures (see Appendix E). Representative sections totaling no less than 25% of the total installed duct area for the designated pressure class shall be tested. Duct systems with pressure rat- ings in excess of 3 in. w.c. shall be identified on the drawings. The maximum permitted duct leakage shall be Lmaa = CL 65 where L. = maximum permitted leakage in cfin/100 ft duct surface area; CL = duct leakage class, cfin/100 11:2 at 1 in. w.c., 6 for rectangular sheetmetal, rectangular fibrous, and round flexible ducts, 3 for round/flat oval sheetmetal or fibrous glass ducts; P = test pressure, which shall be equal to the design duct pressure class rating in in. w.c. 6.4.5 Completion Requirements. Completion Require- ments are as described in Section 6.7.2. 6.5 Prescriptive Path 6.5.1 Economizers. Each cooling system having a fan shall include either an air or water economizer meeting the requirements of 6.5.1.1 through 6.5.1.4. Exceptions to 6.5.1: Economizers are not required for the systems listed below. (a) Individual fan -cooling units with a supply capacity less than the minimum listed in Table 6.5.1. 36 ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 TABLE 6.5.1 Minimum Systems Size for Which an Economizer is Required Cooling Capacity for Which an Climate Zones Economizer is Required la, lb, 2a, 3a, 4a No Economizer Requirement 2b, 5a, 6a, 7,8 ?135,000 Btu/h 3b, 3c, 4b, 4c, 5b, 5c, 6b >_65,000 Btu/h (b) Systems that include gas phase air cleaning in order to meet 6.1.2 of ASHRAE Standard 62. (c) Where more than 25% of the air designed to be sup- plied by the system is to spaces that are designed to be humidified above 350F dew -point temperature to satisfy process needs. (d) Systems that include a condenser heat recovery sys- tem required by 6.5.6.2. (e) Systems that serve residential spaces where the sys- tem capacity is less than five times the requirement listed in Table 6.5.1. (f) Systems that serve spaces whose sensible cooling load at design conditions, excluding transmission and infiltration loads, is less than or equal to trans- mission and infiltration losses at an outdoor tempera- ture of 600F. (g) Systems expected to operate less than 20 hours per week. (h) Where the use of outdoor air for cooling will affect supermarket open refrigerated casework systems. (i) Where the cooling efficiency meets or exceeds the efficiency requirements in Table 6.3.2. 6.5.1.1 Air Economizers 6.5.1.1.1 Design Capacity. Air economizer systems shall be capable of modulating outdoor air and return air dampers to provide up to 100% of the design supply air quan- tity as outdoor air for cooling. 6.5.1.1.2 Control Signal. Economizer dampers shall be capable of being sequenced with the mechanical cooling equipment and shall not be controlled by only mixed air tem- perature. Exception to 6.5.1.1.2: The use of mixed air tempera- ture limit control shall be permitted for systems con- trolled from space temperature (such as single -zone systems). 6.5.1.1.3 High -Limit Shutoff. All air economizers shall be capable of automatically reducing outdoor air intake to the design minimum outdoor air quantity when outdoor air intake will no longer reduce cooling energy usage. High -limit shutoff control types for specific climates shall be chosen from Table 6.5.1.1.3A. High -limit shutoff control settings for these control types shall be those listed in Table 6.5.1.1.3B. TABLE 6.5.1.1.3A High -Limit Shutoff Control Options for Air Economizers Climate Zones Allowed Control Types Prohibited Control Types Ib, 2b, 3b, 3c, 4b, 4c,5b, 5c, 6b,7, 8 Fixed Dry Bulb Fixed Enthalpy Differential Dry Bulb Electronic Enthalpy° Differential Enthalpy Dew -Point and Dry -Bulb Temperature Is, 2a, 3a, 4a Fixed Dry Bulb Differential Dry Bulb Fixed Enthalpy Electronic Entbalpya Differential Enthalpy Dew -Point and Dry -Bulb Temperature All Other Climates Fixed Dry Bulb Differential Dry Bulb Fixed Enthalpy Electronic Enthalpy' Differential Enthalpy a Electtonic enthalpy controllers are devices that use a combinative ofhumidity and dry-bulb temperature m their switching algoridun. TABLE 6.5.1.1.3B High -Limit Shutoff Control Settings for Air Economizers Device Type Climate Required High Limit (Economiser Off When): Equation Description Fixed Dry Bulb lb,2b,3b,3r,4b,4c,5b,5g6b,7,8 Toq > 70°F 5a,6a,7a Toq>65-F All Other Zones Differential Dry Bulb lb,2b,3b,3c,4b,4m,5a,5b,5c,6a,6b,7,8 Fixed Enthalpy All Electronic Enthalpy All Differential Enthalpy All Dew Point and Dry -Bulb All T,, > 75-F Outdoor air temperature exceeds 75oF Toq > 70°F Outdoor air temperature exceeds 70oF Toq>65-F Outdoor air temperature exceeds 65oF Tw > Tp l Outdoor air temperature exceeds serum air temperature. hoq > 28 Emalbs Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds 28 Bualb of dry airs (TM, Mot) > A Outdoor air tempemture/RH exceeds the "A" set point curveh hoq > h,,t Outdoor air enthalpy exceeds return air enthalpy DI'w>55oF or Toa>75oF Outdoor air dry bulb exceeds 75oF or outside dew point exceeds 55-F (65 gr/lb) a At altitudes substantially different than sea level,the Fixed Enthalpy limit shall be set to Ne enthalpy value at 75oF and 50'/o relative humidity. As an example, at approximately 6000 it elevation the fixed enthalpy limit is approximately 30.7 BWIb. b Sttpoint"A" corresponds to a curve on the psychometric chart that goes through a point at approximately 75oF and 40% relative humidity and is nearly parallel to dry-bulb lines at low humidity levels and nearly parallel to enthalpy lines at high humidity levels. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 37 1 \r' 6.5.1.1.4 Dampers. Both return air and outdoor air dampers shall meet the requirements of 6.4.3.3.4. 6.5.1.1.5 Relief of Excess Outdoor Air. Systems shall provide a means to relieve excess outdoor air during air econ- omizer operation to prevent overpressurizing the building. The relief air outlet shall be located to avoid recirculation into the building. 6.5.1.2 Water Economizers 6.5.1.2.1 Design Capacity. Water economizer sys- tems shall be capable of cooling supply air by indirect evapo- ration and providing up to 100% of the expected system cooling load at outdoor air temperatures of 50°F dry bulb/ 45°F wet bulb and below. Exception to 6.5.1.2.1: Systems in which a water econ- omizer is used and where dehumidification require- ments cannot be met using outdoor air temperatures of 50°F dry bulb/45°F wet bulb must satisfy 100% of the expected system cooling load at 45°F dry bulb/40°F wet bulb. 6.5.1.2.2 Maximum Pressure Drop. Precooling coils and water -to -water heat exchangers used as part of a water economizer system shall either have a water -side pressure drop of less than 15 ft of water or a secondary loop shall be created so that the coil or heat exchanger pressure drop is not seen by the circulating pumps when the system is in the nor- mal cooling (noneconomizer) mode. 6.5.1.3 Integrated Economizer Control. Economizer systems shall be integrated with the mechanical cooling sys- tem and be capable of providing partial cooling even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the remain- der of the cooling load. Exceptions to 6.5.1.3: (a) Direct expansion systems that include controls that reduce the quantity of outdoor air required to prevent coil frosting at the lowest step of compressor unload- ing, provided this lowest step is no greater than 25% of the total system capacity. (b) Individual direct expansion units that have a rated cooling capacity less than 65,000 Btu/h and use non- integrated economizer controls that preclude simulta- neous operation of the economizer and mechanical cooling. (c) Systems in climate zones 1, 2, 3a, 4a, 5a, 5b, 6, 7, 8. 6.5.1.4 Economizer Heating System Impact. HVAC system design and economizer controls shall be such that economizer operation does not increase the building heating energy use during normal operation. Exception to 6.5.1.4: Economizers on VAV systems that cause zone level heating to increase due to a reduc- tion in supply air temperature. 6.5.2 Simultaneous Heating and Cooling Limitation 6.5.2.1 Zone Controls. Zone thermostatic controls shall be capable of operating in sequence the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone. Such controls shall prevent: 38 1. reheating, 2, recooling, 3. mixing or simultaneously supplying air that has been previ- ously mechanically heated and air that has been previously cooled, either by mechanical cooling or by economizer systems, and 4. other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling systems to the same zone. Exceptions to 6.5.2.1: (a) Zones for which the volume of air that is reheated, recooled, or mixed is no greater than the larger of the following: I. the volume of outdoor air required to meet the ventilation requirements of Section 6.1.3 of ASHRAE Standard 62 for the zone, 2. 0.4 cfm/112 of the zone conditioned floor area, 3. 30% of the zone design peak supply rate, 4. 300 cfm—this exception is for zones whose peak flow rate totals no more than 10% of the total fan system flow rate, 5, any higher rate that can be demonstrated, to the satisfaction of the authority havingjurisdiction, to reduce overall system annual energy usage by offsetting reheat/recool energy losses through a reduction in outdoor air intake in accordance with the multiple space requirements defined in ASHRAE Standard 62. (b) Zones where special pressurization relationships, cross -contamination requirements, or code -required minimum circulation rates are such that variable air volume systems are impractical. (c) Zones where at least 75% of the energy for reheating or for providing warm air in mixing systems is pro- vided from a site -recovered (including condenser heat) or site- solar energy source. 6.5.2.2 Hydronic System Controls. The heating of flu- ids in hydronic systems that have been previously mechani- cally cooled and the cooling of fluids that have been previously mechanically heated shall be limited in accordance with 6.5.2.2.1 through 6.5.2.2.3. 6.5.2.2.1 Three -Pipe System. Hydronic systems that use a common return system for both hot water and chilled water shall not be used. 6.5.2.2.2 Two -Pipe Changeover System. Systems that use a common distribution system to supply both heated and chilled water are acceptable provided all of the following are met: (a) The system is designed to allow a deadband between changeover from one mode to the other of at least 15°F outdoor air temperature. (b) The system is designed to operate and is provided with controls that will allow operation in one mode for at least four hours before changing over to the other mode. (c) Reset controls are provided that allow heating and cool- ing supply temperatures at the changeover point to be no more than 30°F apart. ANSI/ASHRAFJIESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 lcm 6.5.2.2.3 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump Sys- tems. Hydronic heat pumps connected to a common heat pump water loop with central devices for heat rejection (e.g., cooling tower) and heat addition (e.g., boiler) shall have the following: (a) Controls that are capable of providing a heat pump water supply temperature deadband of at least 207 between initiation of heat rejection and heat addition by the central devices (e.g., tower and boiler). (b) For climate zones 3 through 8, if a closed-circuit tower (fluid cooler) is used, either an automatic valve shall be installed to bypass all but a minimal flow of water around the tower (for freeze protection) or low -leakage positive closure dampers shall be provided. if an open -circuit tower is used directly in the heat pump loop, an automatic valve shall be installed to bypass all heat pump water flow around the tower. If an open -circuit tower is used in con- junction with a separate heat exchanger to isolate the tower from the heat pump loop, then heat loss shall be controlled by shutting down the circulation pump on the cooling tower loop. Exception to 6.5.2.2.3: Where a system loop tempera- ture optimization controller is used to determine the most efficient operating temperature based on real-time conditions of demand and capacity, dead bands of less than 20°F shall be allowed. 6.5.2.3 Dehumidification. Wherehumidistatic controls are provided, such controls shall prevent reheating, mixing of hot and cold airstreams, or other means of simultaneous heat- ing and cooling of the same airstream. Exceptions to 6.5.2.3: (a) The system is capable of reducing supply air volume to 50% or less of the design airflow rate or the mini- mum rate specified in 6.1.3 of ASHRAE Standard 62, whichever is larger, before simultaneous heating and cooling takes place. (b) The individual fan cooling unit has a design cooling capacity of 80,000 Btu/h or less and is capable of unloading to 50% capacity before simultaneous heat- ing and cooling takes place. (c) The individual mechanical cooling unit has a design cooling capacity of 40,000 Btu/h or less. An individ- ual mechanical cooling unit is a single system com- posed of a fan or fans and a cooling coil capable of providing mechanical cooling. (d) Systems serving spaces where specific humidity lev- els are required to satisfy process needs, such as computer rooms, museums, surgical suites, and buildings with refrigerating systems, such as super- markets, refrigerated warehouses, and ice arenas. This exception also applies to other applications for which fan volume controls in accordance with Exception (a) are proven to be impractical to the enforcement agency. (e) At least 75% of the energy for reheating or for pro- viding warm air in mixing systems is provided from a site -recovered (including condenser heat) or site solar energy source. (f) Systems where the heat added to the airstream is the result of the use of a desiccant system and 75% of the heat added by the desiccant system is removed by a heat exchanger, either before or after the desiccant system with energy recovery. 6.5.2.4 Humidification. Systems with hydronic cooling and humidification systems designed to maintain inside humidity at greater than 35°F dew -point temperature shall use a water economizer if an economizer is required by 6.5.1. 6.5.3 Air System Design and Control. HVAC systems having a total fan system power exceeding 5 hp shall meet the provisions of 6.5.3.1 through 6.5.3.2 unless otherwise noted. 6.5.3.1 Fan Power Limitation. (a) The ratio of the fan system power to the supply fan air- flow rate (main fan) of each HVAC system at design con- ditions shall not exceed the allowable fan system power shown in Table 6.5.3.1. TABLE 6.5.3.1 Fan Power Limitation Allowable Nameplate Motor Power Supply Air Volume Constant Volume Variable Volume <20,000 cfm 1.2 hp/1000 cfm 1.7 hp/1000 cfm cfm 1.1 hu/1000 cfm Allowable Fan System Power= [Table 6.5.3.1 Fan Power Limitation x (Temperature Ratio) + Pressure Credit + Relief Fan Credit] where Table 6.5.3.1 Fan Power Limitation = Table Value x CFMs/1000 Temperature Ratio = (T,„., — TS) / 20 Pressure Credit (hp)= Sum of [CFM, s(SP,-1.0)/3718]+Sum Of[CFMHR xSPHR/3718] Relief Fan Credit HP (kW) =FR HP (kW) x[I—(CFMUI CFMs)] CFM, = supply as volume of the unit with the filtering system (cfm) CFMHR = supply air volume of heat recovery coils or direct evaporative humidifiedonolcr (cfm) CFMU—relief fan air volume at normal cooling design operation SP„ — air pressure drop of the filtering system when filters are clean (in. w.g.) SPHR = air pressure drop of heat recovery coils or direct evaporative humidifier/cooler (in. w.g.). = room thermostat setpoint Ty= design supply air temperature for the zone in which the thermostat is located Fp—nameplate rating of the relief fan in hp ANSVASHRAEIIESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 1.5 hp/1000 cfm 39 IM (b) Where air systems require air treatment or filtering Sys- tems with pressure drops over I in. w.c. when filters are clean, or heat recovery coils or devices, or direct evapora- tive humidifiers/coolers, or other devices to serve process loads in the airstream, the allowable fan system power may be adjusted using the pressure credit in the allowable fan system equation in Table 6.5.3.1. (c) If the temperature difference between design room tem- perature and supply air temperature at cooling design conditions that is used to calculate design zone supply air- flow is larger than 20°F, the allowable fan system power may be adjusted using the temperature ratio in the allow- able fan system power equation in Table 6.5.3.1. 6.5.3.2 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Fan Control (Including Systems Using Series Fan Power Boxes). 6.5.3.2.1 Part -Load Fan Power Limitation. Individ- ual VAV fans with motors 15 hp and larger shall meet one of the following: (a) The fan shall be driven by a mechanical or electrical van - able -speed drive. (b) The fan shall be a vane -axial fan with variable -pitch blades. (c) The fan shall have other controls and devices that will result in fan motor demand of no more than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design air volume when static pressure setpoint equals one-third of the total design static pressure, based on manufacturer's certified fan data. 6.5.3.2.2 Static Pressure Sensor Location. Static pressure sensors used to control variable air volume fans shall be placed in a position such that the controller setpoint is no greater than one-third the total design fan static pressure, except for systems with zone reset control complying with 6.5.3.2.3. If this results in the sensor being located down- stream of major duct splits, multiple sensors shall be installed in each major branch to ensure that static pressure can be maintained in each. 6.5.3.2.3 Setpoint Reset. For systems with direct dig- ital control of individual zone boxes reporting to the central control panel, static pressure setpoint shall be reset based on the zone requiring the most pressure; i.e., the setpoint is reset lower until one zone damper is nearly wide open. 6.5.4 Hydronic System Design and Control. HVAC hydronic systems having a total pump system power exceed- ing 10 hp shall meet provisions of 6.5.4.1 through 6.5.4.4. 6.5.4.1 Hydronic Variable Flow Systems. HVAC pumping systems that include control valves designed to modulate or step open and close as a function of load shall be designed for variable fluid flow and shall be capable of reduc- ing pump flow rates to 50% or less of the design flow rate. Individual pumps serving variable flow systems having a pump head exceeding 100 ft and motor exceeding 50 hp shall have controls and/or devices (such as variable speed control) that will result in pump motor demand of no more than 30% of design wattage at 50% of design water flow. The controls or devices shall be controlled as a function of desired flow or to maintain a minimum required differential pressure. Differen- tial pressure shall be measured at or near the most remote heat exchanger or the heat exchanger requiring the greatest differ- ential pressure. 40 Exceptions to 6.5.4.1: (a) Systems where the minimum flow is less than the minimum flow required by the equipment manufac- turer for the proper operation of equipment served by the system, such as chillers, and where total pump system power is 75 hp or less. (b) Systems that include no more than three control valves. 6.5.4.2 Pump Isolation. When a chilled water plant includes more than one chiller, provisions shall be made so that the flow in the chiller plant can be automatically reduced, correspondingly, when a chiller is shut down. Chillers referred to in this section, piped in series for the purpose of increased temperature differential, shall be considered as one chiller. When a boiler plant includes more than one boiler, provi- sions shall be made so that the flow in the boiler plant can be automatically reduced, correspondingly, when a boiler is shut down. 6.5.4.3 Chilled and Hot Water Temperature Reset Controls. Chilled and hot water systems with a design capac- ity exceeding 300,000 Btu/h supplying chilled or heated water (or both) to comfort conditioning systems shall include con- trols that automatically reset supply water temperatures by representative building loads (including return water temper- ature) or by outdoor air temperature. Exceptions to 6.5.4.3: (a) Where the supply temperature reset controls cannot be implemented without causing improper operation of heating, cooling, humidifying, or dehumidifying systems. (b) Hydronic systems, such as those required by 6.5.4.1 that use variable flow to reduce pumping energy. 6.5.4.4 Hydronic (Water Loop) Heat Pump Systems. Each hydronic heat pump shall have a two -position automatic valve interlocked to shut off water flow when the compressor is off. 6.5.5 Heat Rejection Equipment. 6.5.5.1 General. Subsection 6.5.5 applies to heat rejec- tion equipment used in comfort cooling systems such as air- cooled condensers, open cooling towers, closed-circuit cool- ing towers, and evaporative condensers. Exception to 6.5.5.1: Heat rejection devices whose energy usage is included in the equipment efficiency rat- ings listed in Tables 6.8.1A through 6.8.1D. 6.5.5.2 Fan Speed Control. Each fan powered by a motor of 7.5 hp or larger shall have the capability to operate that fan at two-thirds of full speed or less and shall have con- trols that automatically change the fan speed to control the leaving fluid temperature or condensing temperature/pressure of the heat rejection device. Exceptions to 6.5.5.2: (a) Condenser fans serving multiple refrigerant circuits. (b) Condenser fans serving flooded condensers. (c) Installations located in climate zones 1 and 2. (d) Up to one-third of the fans on a condenser or tower with multiple fans, where the lead fans comply with the speed control requirement. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 6.5.6 Energy Recovery 6.5.6.1 Exhaust Air Energy Recovery. Individual fan -� systems that have both a design supply air capacity of 5000 cfm or greater and have a minimum outdoor air supply of 70% or greater of the design supply air quantity shall have an energy recovery system with at least 50% recovery effective- ness. Fifty percent energy recovery effectiveness shall mean a change in the enthalpy of the outdoor air supply equal to 50% of the difference between the outdoor air and return air at design conditions. Provision shall be made to bypass or con- trol the heat recovery system to permit air economizer opera- tion as required by 6.5.1.1. Exceptions to 6.5.6.1: (a) Laboratory systems meeting 6.5.7.2. (b) Systems serving spaces that are not cooled and that are heated to less than 60°F. (c) Systems exhausting toxic, flammable, paint, or cor- rosive fumes or dust. (d) Commercial kitchen hoods used for collecting and removing grease vapors and smoke. (e) Where more than 60% of the outdoor air heating energy is provided from site -recovered or site solar energy. (f) Heating systems in climate zones 1 through 3. (g) Cooling systems in climate zones 3c, 4c, 5b, 5c, 6b, 7, and 8. (h) Where the largest exhaust source is less than 75% of the design outdoor air flow. (i) Systems requiring dehumidification that employ energy recovery in series with the cooling coil. 6.5.6.2 Heat Recovery for Service Water Heating. 6.5.6.2.1 Condenser heat recovery systems shall be installed for heating or preheating of service hot water pro- vided all of the following are true: (a) The facility operates 24 hours a day. (b) The total installed heat rejection capacity of the water- cooled systems exceeds 6,000,000 Btu/h of heat rejection. (c) The design service water heating load exceeds 1,000,000 Btu/h. 6.5.6.2.2 The required heat recovery system shall have the capacity to provide the smaller of (a) 60% of the peak heat rejection load at design conditions or (b) preheat of the peak service hot water draw to 85°F. Exceptions to 6.5.6.2: (a) Facilities that employ condenser heat recovery for space heating with a heat recovery design exceeding 30% of the peak water-cooled condenser load at design conditions. (b) Facilities that provide 60% of their service water heating from site solar or site recovered energy or from other sources. 6.5.7 Exhaust Hoods .,„ 6.5.7.1 Kitchen Hoods. Individual kitchen exhaust hoods larger than 5000 cfm shall be provided with makeup air sized for at least 50% of exhaust air volume that is (a) unheated or heated to no more than 60°F and (b) uncooled or cooled without the use of mechanical cool- ing. Exceptions to 6.5.7.1: (a) Where hoods are used to exhaust ventilation air that would otherwise exfiltrate or be exhausted by other fan systems. (b) Certified grease extractor hoods that require a face velocity no greater than 60 fpm. 6.5.7.2 Fume Hoods. Buildings with fume hood sys- tems having a total exhaust rate greater than 15,000 cfm shall include at least one of the following features: (a) Variable air volume hood exhaust and room supply Sys- tems capable of reducing exhaust and makeup air volume to 50% or less of design values. (b) Direct makeup (auxiliary) air supply equal to at least 75% of the exhaust rate, heated no warmer than 2°F below room setpoint, cooled to no cooler than 3°F above room setpoint, no humidification added, and no simultaneous heating and cooling used for dehumidification control. (c) Heat recovery systems to precondition makeup air from fume hood exhaust in accordance with 6.5.6.1 (Exhaust Air Energy Recovery) without using any exception. 6.5.8 Radiant Heating Systems 6.5.8.1 Heating Unenclosed Spaces. Radiant heating shall be used when heating is required for unenclosed spaces. Exception to 6.5.8.1: Loading docks equipped with air curtains. 6.5.8.2 Heating Enclosed Spaces. Radiant heating sys- tems that are used as primary or supplemental enclosed space heating must be in conformance with the governing provi- sions of the standard, including, but not limited to, the follow- ing: (a) Radiant hydropic ceiling or floor panels (used for heating or cooling). (b) Combination or hybrid systems incorporating radiant heating (or cooling) panels. (c) Radiant heating (or cooling) panels used in conjunction with other systems such as variable air volume or thermal storage systems. 6.5.9 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation. Cooling systems shall not use hot gas bypass or other evaporator pressure control systems unless the system is designed with multiple steps of unloading or continuous capacity modulation. The capacity of the hot gas bypass shall be limited as indicated in Table 6.5.9. Exception to 6.5.9: Unitary packaged systems with cooling capacities not greater than 90,000 Btu/h. TABLE 6.5.9 Hot Gas Bypass Limitation Maximum Hot Gas Bypass Capacity Rated Capacity (% of Total Capacity) !_240,000 Btu/h 50% >240,000 Btu/h 25% ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 41 0H 6.6 Alternative Compliance Path: (Not Used) 6.7 Submittals 6.7.1 General. Authority having jurisdiction may require submittal of compliance documentation and supplemental information, in accord with Section 4.2.2 of this standard. 6.7.2 Completion Requirements: The following require- ments are mandatory provisions and are necessary for com- pliance with the standard. 6.7.2.1 Drawings. Construction documents shall require that within 90 days after the date of system acceptance record drawings of the actual installation be provided to the building owner or the designated representative of the build- ing owner. Record drawings shall include as a minimum the location and performance data on each piece of equipment, general configuration of duct and pipe distribution system including sizes, and the terminal air or water design flow rates. 6.7.2.2 Manuals. Construction documents shall require that an operating manual and a maintenance manual be pro- vided to the building owner or the designated representative of the building owner within 90 days after the date of system acceptance. These manuals shall be in accordance with indus- try -accepted standards (see Appendix E) and shall include, at a minimum, the following: (a) Submittal data stating equipment size and 'selected options for each piece of equipment requiring mainte- nance. (b) Operation manuals and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance, except equip- ment not furnished as part of the project. Required routine maintenance actions shall be clearly identified. (c) Names and addresses of at least one service agency. (d) HVAC controls system maintenance and calibration information, including wiring diagrams, schematics, and control sequence descriptions. Desired or field -deter - ruined setpoints shall be permanently recorded on control drawings at control devices or, for digital control systems, in programming comments. 42 (e) A complete narrative of how each system is intended to operate, including suggested setpoints. 6.7.2.3 System Balancing 6.7.2.3.1 General. Construction documents shall require that all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with generally accepted engineering standards (see Appendix E). Construction documents shall require that a written balance report be provided to the owner or the designated representa- tive of the building owner for HVAC systems serving zones with a total conditioned area exceeding 5000 ft'. 6.7.2.3.2 Air System Balancing. Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses. Then, for fans with fan system power greater than 1 hp, fan speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow conditions. 6.7.2.3.3 Hydronic System Balancing. Hydronic systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses; then the pump impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet design fl ow conditions. Exceptions to 6.7.2.3.3: Impellers need not be trimmed nor pump speed adjusted: (a) For pumps with pump motors of 10 hp or less. (b) When throttling results in no greater than 5% of the nameplate horsepower draw, or 3 hp, whichever is greater, above that required if the impeller was trimmed. 6.7.2.4 System Commissioning. HVAC control sys- tems shall be tested to ensure that control elements are cali- brated, adjusted, and in proper working condition. For projects larger than 50,000 ft2 conditioned area, except ware- houses and semiheated spaces, detailed instructions for com- missioning HVAC systems (see Appendix E) shall be provided by the designer in plans and specifications. 6.8 Minimum Equipment Efficiency Tables 6.8.1 Minimum Efficiency Requirement Listed Equip- ment—Standard Rating and Operating Conditions ANSUASHRAE/iESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 im N TABLE 6.8.1A Electronically Operated Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units— Minimum Efficiency Requirements Equipment Type Size Category Heating Section Type Sub -Category or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiencya Test Procedure Air Conditioners, Air Cooled <65,000 Btu/hc All Split System 10.0 SEER (before 1/23/ 2006) ARI 210/240 12.0 SEER (as of 1/23/2006) Single Package 9.7 SEER (before 1/23/ 2006) 12.0 SEER (as of 1/23/2006) Through -the -Wall, Air Cooled <_ 30,000 Btu/hc All Split System 10.0 SEER (before 1/23/2006) 10.9 SEER (as of 1/23/2006) 12 SEER (as of 1/23/ 2010) Single Package 9.7 SEER (before 1/23/2006) 10.6 SEER (as of 1/23/ 2006) 12.0 SEER (as of 1/23/2010) Small -Duct High -Velocity, < 65,000 Btu/hc All Split System 10 SEER Air Cooled Air Conditioners, >_65,000 Bm/h and Electric Resistance Split System and 10.3 EER ARI Air Cooled <135,000 Btu/h (or None) Single Package 340/360 All other Split System and 10.1 EER Single Package 2!135,000 Btu/h and Electric Resistance Split System and 9.7 EER <240,000 Btu/h (or None) Single Package All other Split System and 9.5 EER Single Package >240,000 Btu/h and Electric Resistance Split System and 9.5 EER <760,000 Btu/h (or None) Single Package 9.7 IPLV All other Split System and 9.3 EER Single Package 9.5 IPLV >_760,000 Btu/h Electric Resistance Split System and 9.2 EER (or None) Single Package 9.4 IPLV All other Split System and 9.0 EER Single Package 9.2 IPLV ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 43 cm TABLE 6.8.1A (continued) Electronically Operated Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units— Minimum Efficiency Requirements Equipment Type Size Category Heating Section Type Sub -Category or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiency° 7Pmedureb Air Conditioners, Water and Evaporatively Cooled <65,000 Btu/h All Split System and Single Package 12.1 EER ARI 210/240 2_65,000 Btu/h and Electric Resistance Split System and 11.5 EER ARI <135,000 Bm/h (or None) Single Package 340/360 All other Split System and 11.3 EER Single Package 2_135,000 Btu/h and Electric Resistance Split System and 11.0 EER <240,000 Btu/h (or None} Single Package All other Split System and 10.8 EER Single Package 2_240,000 Btu/h Electric Resistance Split System and 11.0 EER (or None) Single Package 10.3 IPLV All other Split System and 10.8 EER Single Package 10.1 IPLV Condensing Units, Air Cooled 2_135,000 Btu/h — 10.1 EER 11.2 IPLV ARI 365 Condensing Units, Water or Evaporatively Cooled 2_135,000 Btu/h — 13.1 EER 13.1 IPLV a IPLVs and part load razing conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. b Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. c Single-phase, air-cooled art -conditioners 165,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER values are those set by NAECA. 44 ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 i= TABLE 6.8.16 Electrically Operated Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps— Minimum Efficiency Requirements ANSI/ASHRAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 45 Minimum Test EquipmentType Size Category Heating Section Type on Efficiency' Procedureb Air Cooled <65,000 Btu/h` All 10.0 SEER ARI (Cooling Mode) tSub-Categoryor (before 1/23/ 210/240 2006) 12.0 SEER (as of 1/23/2006) Single Package 9.7 SEER (before 1/23/ 2006) 12.0 SEER (as of 1/23/ 2006) Through -the -Wall !_30,000 Btu/h° All Split System 10.0 SEER (Air Cooled, Cooling (before 1/23/ Mode) 2006) 10.9 SEER (as of 1/23/ 2006) 12 SEER (as of 1/23/ 2010) Single Package 9.7 SEER (before 1/23/ 2006) 10.6 SEER (as of 1/23/ 2006) 12.0 SEER (as of 1/23/ 2010) Small -Duct High- < 65,000 Btu/h` All Split System 10 SEER Velocity (Air Cooled, Cooling Mode) Air Cooled 2_65,000 Btu/h and Electric Resistance Split System and 10.1 EER ARI (Cooling Mode) <135,000 Btu/b (or None) Single Package 340/360 All other Split System and 9.9 EER Single Package 2_135,000 Btu/h and Electric Resistance Split System and 9.3 EER <240,000 Btu/h (or None) Single Package All other Split System and 9.1 EER Single Package 2_240,000 Btu/h Electric Resistance Split System and 9.0 EER (or None) Single Package 9.2 IPLV All other Split System and 8.8 EER Single Package 9.0 IPLV Water -Source <17,000 Btu/h All 86°F Entering Water 11.2 EER ISO -13256-1 (Cooling Mode) 2_17,000 Btu/h and All 86°F Entering Water 12.0 EER ISO -13256-1 <65,000 Btu/h 2_65,000 Btu/h and All 86°F Entering Water 12.0 EER ISO -13256-1 <135,000 Btu/h Groundwater -Source <135,000 Btu/h All 59'F Entering Water 16.2 EER ISO -13256-1 (Cooling Mode) ANSI/ASHRAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 45 cm TABLE 6.8.1B (continued) Electrically Operated Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps— Minimum Efficiency Requirements Equipment Type Size Category Heating Section Type Sub -Category or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiency° Test Procedureb Ground Source <135,000 Btu/h All 77°F Entering Water 13.4 PER ISO -13256-1 (Cooling Mode) Air Cooled <65,000 Btu/h`(Cooling — Split System 6.8 HSPF ARI 210/240 (Heating Mode) Capacity) (before V23/ 2006) 7.4 HSPF as of 1/23/ 2006) Single Package 6.6 HSPF (before 1/23/ 2006) 7.4 HSPF as of 1/23/ 2006) Through -the -Wall, 530,000 Btu/h` - Split System 6.8 HSPF (Air Cooled, Heating (cooling capacity) (before 1/23/ Mode) 2006) 7.1 HSPF (as of 1/23/ 2006) 7.4 HSPF as of 1/23/ 2010) Single Package 6.6 HSPF (before 1/23/ 2006) 7.0 HSPF (as of 1/23/ 2006) 7.4 HSPF (as of 1/23/ 2010) Small -Duct High- < 65,000 Btu/h` - Split System 6.8 HSPF Velocity (cooling capacity) (Air Cooled, Heating Mode) Air Cooled >-65,000 Btu/h and — 47°F db/43°F wb 3.2 COP ARI 340/360 (Heating Mode) <135,000 Btu/h Outdoor air 17°F db/15°F wb 2.2 COP (Cooling Capacity) Outdoor air >-135,000 Btu/h — 47°F db/43°F wb 3.1 COP (Cooling Capacity) Outdoor air 17°F db/15°F wb 2.0 COP Outdoor air Water -Source <135,000 Btu/h — 68°F Entering Water 4.2 COP ISO -13256-1 (Heating Mode) (Cooling Capacity) Groundwater -Source <135,000 Btu/h — 507 Entering Water 3.6 COP ISO -13256-1 (Heating Mode) (Cooling Capacity) Ground Source <135,000 Btu/h — 32°F Entering Water 3.1 COP ISO -13256-1 (Heating Mode) (Cooling Capacity) a IPLVs and Part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation. b Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version ofthe test procedure. c Single-phase, air-cooled heat pumps < 65,000 Btu/h are regulated by NAECA. SEER and HSPF values ate those set by NAECA 46 ANS1/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 im TABLE 6.8.1 C Water Chilling Packages—Minimum Efficiency Requirements Equipment Type Size Category Subcategory or Rating Condition Minimum Efficiency' Test Procedure b Air Cooled, with Condenser, All Capacities 2.80 COP ARI 550/590 Electrically Operated 3.05 IPLU Air Cooled, All Capacities 3.10 COP without Condenser, 3.45 IPLU Electrically Operated Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Posi- All Capacities 4.20 COP ARI 550/590 tive Displacement 5.05 IPLU (Reciprocating) Water Cooled, <150 tons 4.45 COP ARI 550/590 Electrically Operated, 5.20 IPLU Positive Displacement (Rotary Screw and Scroll) >_150 tons and 4.90 COP <300 tons 5.60 IPLU >_300 tons 5.50 COP 6.15 IPLU Water Cooled, Electrically Operated, Cen- <150 tons 5.00 COP ARI 550/590 trifugal 5.25 IPLU >_150 tons and 5.55 COP <300 tons 5.90 IPLU >_300 tons 6.10 COP 6.40 IPLU Air -Cooled Absorption All Capacities 0.60 COP ARI 560 Single Effect Water -Cooled Absorption All Capacities 0.70 COP Single Effect Absorption Double Effect, Indirect -Fired All Capacities 1.00 COP 1.051 Absorption Double Effect, All Capacities 1.00 COP Direct -Fired 1.00 IPLU a The chiller equipment requirements do not apply for chillers used in low-temperature applications where the design leaving fluid temperature is <400F. b Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 47 TABLE 6.8.1 D Electrically Operated Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners, Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, Single -Package Vertical Air Conditioners, Single -Package Vertical Heat Pumps, Room Air Conditioners, and Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps—Minimum Efficiency Requirements 12 TION PROJECTS." Replacement efficiencies apply only u/ units with existing sleeves less than 16 in. high and less than h i in. wide. c Cap 00means Buxthe rated cooling capacity of Ne product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7000 Btu/h, use 7000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 HtWh, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation. 48 ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Subcategory or Test Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Rating Condition Minimum Efficiency Procedurea PTAC (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 95°F db 12.5 — (0.213 x ARI 310/380 New Construction Outdoor air Cap/1000)c EER PTAC (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 950F db 10.9—(0.213 x Replacementsb Outdoor air Cap/1000)` EER PTHP (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 950F db 12.3 — (0.213 x New Construction Outdoor air Cap/1000)c EER PTHP (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 95OF db 10.8 — (0.213 x Replacementsb Outdoor air Cap/1000)c EER PTHP (Heating Mode) All Capacities 3.2— (0.026 x New Construction Cap/1000)c COP PTHP (Heating Mode) All Capacities 2.9 — (0.026 x Replacementsb Cap/1000)` COP SPVAC (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 95OF db/ 75OF wb 8.6 EER ARI 390 Outdoor air SPVHP (Cooling Mode) All Capacities 95OF db/ 75OF wb 8.6. EER Outdoor air SPVHP (Heating Mode) All Capacities 470F db/ 43OF wb 2.7 COP Outdoor air Room Air Conditioners, <6000 Btu/h 9.7 SEER with Louvered Sides ANSI/ >6000 BOA and 9.7 EER <8000 Btu/h AHAM RAC -1 >8000 Btu/h and 9.8 EER <14,000 Btu/h >14,000 Bm/h and 9.7 SEER - <20,000 Btu/h >-20,000 Btu/b 8.5 EER Room Air Conditioners, <8000 Btu/h 9.0 EER Without Louvered Sides >8000 Btu/h and 8.5 EER <20,000 Btu/h >-20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps with <20,000 Btu/b 9.0 EER Louvered Sides >20,000 Btu/b 8.5 EER Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps without <14,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER Louvered Sides >14,000 Btu/b 8.0 EER Room Air Conditioner, All Capacities 8.7 EER Casement Only Room Air Conditioner, All Capacities 9.5 EER Casement—Slider 12 TION PROJECTS." Replacement efficiencies apply only u/ units with existing sleeves less than 16 in. high and less than h i in. wide. c Cap 00means Buxthe rated cooling capacity of Ne product in Btu/h. If the unit's capacity is less than 7000 Btu/h, use 7000 Btu/h in the calculation. If the unit's capacity is greater than 15,000 HtWh, use 15,000 Btu/h in the calculation. 48 ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 �rtrr TABLE6.8.1E Warm Air Furnaces and Combination Warm Air Furnaces/Air-Conditioning Units, Warm Air Duct Furnaces and Unit Heaters Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Subcategory or Rating Condition Minimum Effi- ciency" Test Procedureb Warm Air Furnace, Gas -Fired <225,000 Btu/h Hot Water 78% AFUE or 80%E,d DOE 10 CFR Part 430 or ANSI Z21.47 2225,000 Btu/h Maximum Capacityd 80% Etc ANSI Z21.47 Warm Air Furnace, Oil -Fired <225,000 Btu(h H.I. Htg Boiler Std. 79% AFUE or 80% E,d DOE 10 CFR Part 430 or UL 727 >225,000 Btu/h Maximum Capacity' 81%E,f UL 727 Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas- Fired All Capacities Maximum Capacity' 80% Eca ANSI Z83.9 Warm Air Unit Heaters, Gas- Fired All Capacities Maximum Capacitye 80% E,9 ANSI Z83.8 Warm Air Unit Heaters, Oil -Fired All Capacities Maximum Capacity' 80% Erg UL 731 a Ej thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion. b Section 12 contains a complete specification ofthe referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version ofthe test procedure. c E,= combustion efficiency. Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IID), have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% ofthe input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alterative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. d Combination units not covered by NAECA (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h) may comply with either rating. e Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. I E,=thermal efficiency. Units must also include an internrpted or intermittent ignition device (UD), have jacket losses not exceeding 0.75% ofthe input rating, ac ,it have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space. g Er= combustion efficiency (100%less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion. TABLE 6.8.1 F Gas- and Oil -Fired Boilers—Minimum Efficiency Requirements Equipment Type" Size Category (Input) Subcategory or Rating Condition Minimum EfTciencyb Test Procedure' Boilers, Gas -Fired <300,000 Btu/h Hot Water 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR Part 430 Steam 75% AFUE 2300,000 Btu/h and !_2,500,000 Btu/h Maximum Capacityd 75%Erb H.I. Htg Boiler Std. >2,500,000 Btu/ha Hot Water 80% E, >2,500,000 Bm/ha Steam 80% E, Boilers, <300,000 Btu/h 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR Part 430 Oil -Fired 2300,000 Btu/h and !_2,500,000 Btu/h Maximum Capacityd 78%Erb H.I. Htg Boiler Std. >2,500,000 BmAa Hot Water 83% E, >2,500,000 Btu/ha Steam 93% E, Oil -Fired (Residual) >300,000 Btu/h and _!2,500,000 Btu/h Maximum Capacityd 78% Erb H.I. Htg Boiler Std. >2,500,000 Btu/ha Hot Water 83% E, >2,500,000 Btu/ha Steam 83%Et a These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of8,000,000 Btu/h or less that are not packaged boilers, and to all packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers. b EI = thermal efficiency. See reference document for detailed information. c Section 12 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. �tIW d Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit's controls. ANSDASHRAERESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 49 M TABLE 6.8.1 G Performance Requirements for Heat Rejection Equipment a For purposes of this table, cooling tower performance is defined as the maximum Flow rating of the tower divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. b For purposes of this table, air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate razed motor power. c Section 12 contains a complete specification fthe referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. 50 ANSUASHRAFAESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Total System Heat Rejection Capacity Subcategory or Performance Equipment Type at Rated Conditions Rating Condition Requireda'b Test Proceduree Propeller or Axial Fan All 95°F Entering Water >_38.2 gpm/bp CTI ATC -105 Cooling Towers 85°F Leaving Water 75°F wb Outdoor air Centrifugal Fan All 95oF Entering Water >_20.0 gpm/hp CTI ATC -105 Cooling Towers 85°F Leaving Water 75°F wb Outdoor at Air -Cooled Condensers All 1257 Condensing Temperature >_176,000 Btu/h hp ARI 460 R-22 Test Fluid 190°F Entering Gas Temperature 15°F Subcooling 95°F Entering db a For purposes of this table, cooling tower performance is defined as the maximum Flow rating of the tower divided by the fan nameplate rated motor power. b For purposes of this table, air-cooled condenser performance is defined as the heat rejected from the refrigerant divided by the fan nameplate razed motor power. c Section 12 contains a complete specification fthe referenced test procedure, including the referenced year version of the test procedure. 50 ANSUASHRAFAESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 `= TABLE 6.8.1 H Minimum Efficiencies for Centrifugal Chillers <150 tons LIFT= Entering Condenser Water Temperature - Leaving Chilled Water Temperature 6 Condenser DT= Leaving Condenser Water Temperatureff)- Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) All NPLV values shown are NPLV except at conditions of3 gpm/ten Condenser Flow Bate with 44°F Leaving Chilled Water Temperzmre and 85V Entenng Condenser Water Temperature which is IPLV Kadj = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X)+ 0.0062692(X). 0.000045595(X) where X = Condenser LOT + LIFT COPad/ = Kzdi * COPsm ANSI/ASIIRAF./IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 51 Centrifugal Chillers < 150 tons - COpod = 5.00; IPLV,td = 5.25 Condenser Flow Rate 2 gpm/ton 2.5 gpm/ton 3 gpm/ton 4 gpm/ton 5 gpm/ton 6 gpnVton Leaving Entering Con - Chilled Water denser Water Temperature Temperature LIFT (°F) (°F) (IF) COP NPLV ` COP NPLV ` COP NPLV ` COP NPLV ` COP NPLV ` COP NPLV ` 40 75 35 5.11 5.35 5.33 5.58 5.48 5.73 5.67 5.93 5.79 6.06 5.88 6.15 40 80 40 4.62 4.83 4.92 5.14 5.09 5.32 5.27 5.52 5.38 5.63 5.45 5.70 40 85 45 3.84 4.01 4.32 4.52 4.58 4.79 4.84 5.06 4.98 5.20 5.06 5.29 4t 75 34 5.19 5.43 5.41 5.66 5.56 5.81 5.75 6.02 5.89 6.16 5.99 6.26 41 80 39 4.73 4.95 5.01 5.24 5.17 5.41 5.35 5.60 5.46 5.71 5.53 5.78 41 1 85 44 1 4.02 4.21 4.46 4.67 4.70 4.91 4.94 5.17 5.06 5.30 5.14 5.38 42 75 33 5.27 5.51 5.49 5.74 5.64 5.90 5.85 6.12 6.00 6.27 6.11 6.39 42 80 38 4.84 5.06 5.10 5.33 5.25 5.49 5.43 5.67 5.53 5.79 5.61 5.87 42 85 43 4.19 4.38 4.59 4.80 4.81 5.03 5.03 5.26 5.15 5.38 5.22 5.46 43 75 32 5.35 5.59 5.57 5.82 5.72 5.99 5.95 6.23 6.11 6.39 6.23 6.52 43 80 37 4.94 5.16 5.18 5.42 5.32 5.57 5.50 5.76 5.62 5.87 5.70 5.96 43 85 42 4.35 4.55 4.71 4.93 4.91 5.13 5.12 5.35 5.23 5.47 5.30 5.54 44 75 31 5.42 5.67 5.65 5.91 5.82 6.08 6.07 6.34 6.24 6.53 6.37 6.67 44 80 36 5.03 5.26 5.26 5.50 5.40 5.65 5.58 5.84 5.70 5.96 5.79 6.05 44 85 41 4.49 4.69 4.82 5.04 5.00 5.25 5.20 5.43 5.30 5.55 5.38 5.62 45 75 30 5.50 5.75 5.74 6.00 5.92 6.19 6.19 6.47 6.38 6.68 6.53 6.83 45 80 35 5.11 5.35 5.33 5.58 5.48 5.73 5.67 5.93 5.79 6.06 5.88 6.15 45 85 40 4.62 4.83 4.92 5.14 5.09 5.32 5.27 5.52 5.38 5.63 5.45 5.70 46 75 29 5.58 5.84 5.83 6.10 6.03 6.30 6.32 6.61 6.54 6.84 6.70 7.00 46 80 34 5.19 5.43 5.41 5.66 5.56 5.81 5.75 6.02 5.89 6.16 5.99 6.26 46 85 39 4.73 4.95H5.185.42 5.17 5.41 5.35 5.60 5.46 5.71 5.53 5.78 47 75 28 5.66 5.920 6.15 6.43 6.47 6.77 6.71 7.02 6.88 7.20 47 80 33 5.27 5.514 5.64 5.90 5.85 6.12 6.00 6.27 6.11 6.39 47 85 38 4.84 5.063 5.25 5.49 5.43 5.67 5.53 5.79 5.61 5.87 48 75 27 5.75 6.022 6.28 6.56 6.64 6.94 6.89 7.21 7.09 7.41 48 80 32 5.35 5.592 5.72 5.99 5.95 6.23 6.11 6.39 6.23 6.52 48 85 37 4.94 5.162 5.32 5.57 5.50 5.76 5.62 5.87 5.70 5.96 Condenser DTh 14.04 11.23 9.36 7.02 5.62 4.68 LIFT= Entering Condenser Water Temperature - Leaving Chilled Water Temperature 6 Condenser DT= Leaving Condenser Water Temperatureff)- Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) All NPLV values shown are NPLV except at conditions of3 gpm/ten Condenser Flow Bate with 44°F Leaving Chilled Water Temperzmre and 85V Entenng Condenser Water Temperature which is IPLV Kadj = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X)+ 0.0062692(X). 0.000045595(X) where X = Condenser LOT + LIFT COPad/ = Kzdi * COPsm ANSI/ASIIRAF./IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 51 99 TABLE 6.8.11 Minimum Efficiencies for Centrifugal Chillers >_150 tons, <_300 tons LIFT =Entering Condenser Water Temperature -Leaving Chilled Water Temperature b Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (°F) - Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) All NPLV values shownam NPLV exceptat conditions of3 gpMton Condenser Flow Rate with 44°F Leaving Chilled Water Temperature and 857 Entering Condenser Watcr Temperature which is IPLV KUj = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X)+ 0.0062692(X)2.0.000045595())3 where X = Condenser DT+LIFT COP�j - Kadj - COP,, 52 ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Centrifugal Chillers >150 tons, <300 tons COP,,, = 5.55; [PLV,,, = 5.90 Condenser Flow Rate 2 gpm/ton 2.5 gpm/ton 3 gpm/ton 4 gpMton 5 gprn/ton 6 gin/ton Leaving Entering Chilled Water Condenser Temperature Water Tem- LIFT` (°F) perature (°F) (°F) COP NPLVA COP NPLV` COP NPLV` COP NPLV'11 COP NPLV.11 COP NPLV ` 40 75 35 5.65 6.03 5.90 6.29 6.05 6.46 6.26 6.68 6.40 6.83 6.51 6.94 40 80 40 5.10 5.44 5.44 5.80 5.62 6.00 5.83 6.22 5.95 6.35 6.03 6.43 40 85 45 4.24 4.52 4.77 5.09 5.06 5.40 5.35 5.71 5.50 5.87 5.59 5.97 41 75 34 5.74 6.13 5.80 6.38 6.14 6.55 6.36 6.79 6.51 6.95 6.62 7.06 41 80 39 5.23 5.58 5.54 5.91 5.71 6.10 5.91 6.31 6.03 6.44 6.11 6.52 41 1 85 44 1 4.45 4.74 4.93 5.26 5.19 5.54 5.46 5.82 5.60 5.97 5.69 6.07 42 75 33 5.83 6.22 6.07 6.47 6.23 6.65 6.47 6.90 6.63 7.07 6.75 7.20 42 80 38 5.35 5.71 5.64 6.01 5.80 6.19 6.00 6.40 6.12 6.53 6.20 6.62 42 85 43 4.63 4.94 5.08 5.41 5.31 5.67 5.56 5.93 5.69 6.07 5.77 6.16 43 75 32 5.91 6.31 6.15 6.56 6.33 6.75 6.58 7.02 6.76 7.21 6.89 7.35 43 80 37 5,46 5.82 5.73 6.11 5.89 6.28 6.08 6.49 6.21 6.62 6.30 6.72 43 85 42 4.81 5.13 5.21 5.55 5.42 5.79 5.66 6.03 5.78 6.16 5.86 6.25 44 75 31 6.00 6.40 6.24 6.66 6.43 6.86 6.71 7.15 6.90 7.36 7.05 7.52 44 80 36 5.56 5.93 5.81 6.20 5.97 6.37 6.17 6.58 6.30 6.72 6.40 6.82 44 85 41 4.96 5.29 5.33 5.68 5.55 5.90 5.74 6.13 5.86 6.26 5.94 6.34 45 75 30 6.08 6.49 6.34 6.76 6.54 6.98 6.84 7.30 7.06 7.53 7.22 7.70 45 80 35 5.65 6.03 5.90 6.29 6.05 6.46 6.26 6.68 6.40 6.83 6.51 6.94 45 85 40 5.10 5.44 5.44 5.80 5.62 6.00 5.83 6.22 5.95 6.35 6.03 6.43 46 75 29 6.17 6.58 6.44 6.87 6.66 7.11 6.99 7.46 7.23 7.71 7.40 T90 46 80 34 5.74 6.13 5.80 6.38 6.14 6.55 6.36 6.79 6.51 6.95 6.62 7.06 46 85 39 5.23 5.58 5.54 5.91 5.71 6.10 5.91 6.31 6.03 6.44 6.11 6.52 47 75 28 6.26 6.68 6.56 6.99 6.79 7.24 7.16 7.63 7.42 7.91 7.61 8.11 47 80 33 5.83 6.21 6.07 6.47 6.23 6.64 6.47 6.90 6.63 7.07 6.75 7.20 47 85 38 5.35 5.70 5.64 6.01 5.80 6.19 6.00 6.40 6.12 6.52 6.20 6.61 48 75 27 6.36 6.78 6.68 7.12 6.94 7.40 7.34 7.82 7.62 8.13 7.83 8.35 48 80 32 5.91 6.30 6.15 6.56 6.33 6.75 6.58 7.02 6.76 7.21 6.89 7.35 48 85 37 5.46 5.82 5.73 6.10 5.89 6.28 6.08 6.49 6.21 6.62 6.30 6.71 Condenser DTb 14.04 11.23 9.36 7.02 5.62 4.68 LIFT =Entering Condenser Water Temperature -Leaving Chilled Water Temperature b Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature (°F) - Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) All NPLV values shownam NPLV exceptat conditions of3 gpMton Condenser Flow Rate with 44°F Leaving Chilled Water Temperature and 857 Entering Condenser Watcr Temperature which is IPLV KUj = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X)+ 0.0062692(X)2.0.000045595())3 where X = Condenser DT+LIFT COP�j - Kadj - COP,, 52 ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 TABLE 6.8.1.1 Minimum Efficiencies for Centrifugal Chillers >300 tons a LIFT =Entering Condenser Water Temperature -Leaving Chilled Water Temperature b Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature IT) -Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) `All NPLV values shownare NPLV enceptat conditions of3 gpm/ton Condenser Flow Rate with44T Leaving Chilled Water Temperature and 85°F Entering Condenser Water Temperature which is IPLV Kedl = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X) + 0 0062692(X) - 0.000045595(X) where X = Condenser DT+LIFT COPadl=Kari)' COPaid ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 53 Centrifugal Chillers > 300 Tons COP,td = 6.10; IPLV,td = 6.40 Condenser Flow Rate 2 gpm/ton 2.5 gpm/ton 3 gpm/ton 4 gpm/ton 5 gptNton 6 gpMton Leaving Entering Chilled Water Condenser Temperature Water Tem- LIFT° (°F) perature (°F) (°F) COP NPLV"11 COP NPLVd1 COP NPLV` COP NPLV ° COP NPLV,11 COP NPLV ` 40 75 35 6.23 6.55 6.50 6.83 6.68 7.01 6.91 7.26 7.06 7.42 7.17 7.54 40 80 4D 5.63 5.91 6.00 6.30 6.20 6.52 6.43 6.76 6.56 6.89 6.65 6.98 40 85 45 4.68 4.91 5.26 5.53 5.58 5.86 5.90 6.20 6.07 6.37 6.17 6.48 41 75 34 6.33 6.65 6.60 6.93 6.77 7.12 7.02 7.37 7.18 7.55 7.30 7.67 41 80 39 5.77 6.06 6.11 6.42 6.30 6.62 6.52 6.85 6.65 6.99 6.74 7.08 41 85 44 4.90 5.15 5.44 5.71 5.72 6.01 6.02 6.33 6.17 6.49 6.27 6.59 42 75 33 6.43 6.75 6.69 7.03 (.87 7.22 7.13 7.49 7.31 7.68 7.44 7.82 42 80 38 5.90 6.20 6.21 6.53 6.40 6.72 6.61 6.95 6.75 7.09 6.84 7.19 42 85 1 43 5.11 5.37 1 5.60 5.88 5.86 6.16 6.13 6.44 6.28 6.59 6.37 6.69 43 75 32 6.52 6.85 6.79 7.13 6.98 7.33 7.26 7.63 7.45 7.83 7.60 7.98 43 80 37 6.02 6.32 6.31 6.63 6.49 6.82 6.71 7.05 6.85 7.19 6.94 7.30 43 85 42 5.30 5.57 5.74 6.03 5.98 6.28 6.24 6.55 6.37 6.70 6.46 6.79 44 75 31 6.61 6.95 6.89 7.23 7.09 7.45 7.40 7.77 7.61 8.00 7.77 8.16 44 80 36 6.13 6.44 6.41 6.73 6.58 6.92 6.81 7.15 6.95 7.30 7.05 7.41 44 85 41 5.47 5.75 5.87 6.17 6.10 6.40 6.33 6.66 6.47 6.79 6.55 6.89 45 75 30 6.71 7.05 6.99 7.35 7.21 7.58 7.55 7.93 7.78 8.18 7.96 8.36 45 80 35 6.23 6.55 6.50 6.83 6.68 7.01 6.91 7.26 7.06 7.42 7.17 7.54 45 85 40 5.63 5.91 6.00 6.30 6.20 6.52 6.43 6.76 6.56 6.89 6.65 6.98 46 75 29 6.80 7.15 7.11 7.47 7.35 7.72 7.71 8.10 7.97 8.37 8.16 8.58 46 80 34 6.33 6.65 6.60 6.93 6.77 7.12 7.02 7.37 7.18 7.55 7.30 7.67 46 85 39 5.77 6.06 6.11 6.42 6.30 6.62 6.52 6.85 6.65 6.99 6.74 7.08 47 75 28 6.91 7.26 7.23 7.60 7.49 7.87 7.89 8.29 8.18 8.59 8.39 8.82 47 80 33 6.43 6.75 6.69 7.03 6.87 7.22 7.13 7.49 7.31 7.68 7.44 7.82 47 85 38 5.90 6.20 6.21 6.53 6.40 6.72 6.61 6.95 6.75 7.09 6.84 7.19 48 75 27 7.01 7.37 7.36 7.74 7.65 8.04 8.09 8.50 841 8.83 8.64 9.08 48 80 32 6.52 6.85 6.79 7.13 6.98 7.33 7.26 7.63 7.45 7.83 7.60 7.98 48 85 37 6.02 6.32 6.31 6.63 6.49 6.82 6.71 7.05 6.85 7.19 6.94 7.30 Condenser DTb 14.04 11.23 9.36 7.02 5.62 4.68 a LIFT =Entering Condenser Water Temperature -Leaving Chilled Water Temperature b Condenser DT = Leaving Condenser Water Temperature IT) -Entering Condenser Water Temperature (°F) `All NPLV values shownare NPLV enceptat conditions of3 gpm/ton Condenser Flow Rate with44T Leaving Chilled Water Temperature and 85°F Entering Condenser Water Temperature which is IPLV Kedl = 6.1507 - 0.30244(X) + 0 0062692(X) - 0.000045595(X) where X = Condenser DT+LIFT COPadl=Kari)' COPaid ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 53 6.8.2 Duct Insulation Tables TABLE 6.8.2A Minimum Duct Insulation R -Value', Cooling and Heating Only Supply Ducts and Return Ducts a Insulation R- values, measumd in (h tlz•oF)/BN, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum thicknesses do not considerwatervapor > r transmission and possible surface condensation. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition of 6.4.4.2 or Section 5. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of 75eF at the installed thickness. le Includes crawl spares, both ventilated and nonventilated. c Includes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above. TABLE 6.8.2B Minimum Duct Insulation R -Value', Combined Heating and Cooling Supply Ducts and Return Ducts Dud Location Climate Zone Exterior Ventilated Attic Unvented Attic Above Insulated Ceiling Unvented Attic with Roof Insulation° Unconditioned Space' Indirectly Conditioned Space` Buried Heating Ducts Only 1,2 none none none non. none none none 3 R-3.5 none none none none none none 4 R-3.5 none none none none none none 5 R-6 R-3.5 none none none none R-3.5 6 R-6 R-6 R-3.5 none none none R-3.5 7 R-8 R-6 R-6 none R-3.5 none R-3.5 8 R-8 R-8 R-6 none Rfi one R-6 8 R-8 R-8 Cooling Only Ducts R-6 none R-6 I R-6 R-6 R-8 R-3.5 R-3.5 none R-3.5 2 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-3.5 R-3.5 none R-3.5 3 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-3.5 R-1.9 none none 4 R-3.5 R-3.5 R-6 R-1.9 R-1.9 none none 5, 6 R-3.5 R-1.9 R-3.5 R-1.9 R-1.9 none none 7,9 R-1.9 Rd.9 R-1.9 R-1.9 Rd.9 none none Return Ducts i to 8 R-3.5 R-3.5 R-3.5 none no none none a Insulation R- values, measumd in (h tlz•oF)/BN, are for the insulation as installed and do not include film resistance. The required minimum thicknesses do not considerwatervapor > r transmission and possible surface condensation. Where exterior walls are used as plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required by the most restrictive condition of 6.4.4.2 or Section 5. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of 75eF at the installed thickness. le Includes crawl spares, both ventilated and nonventilated. c Includes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above. TABLE 6.8.2B Minimum Duct Insulation R -Value', Combined Heating and Cooling Supply Ducts and Return Ducts .� r�.��l a Insulationon an es,possible measured sur ice h it'condensation. Where ree insulations installed and n not include wall mresitionce.sh The required minimum Most restrictive Hectoo not dation of6.e.4.2 or transmission and possible surface condensation. Where exterior walls are used e5 plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required a the most hickness. condition of 6.4.4.2 or Section 5. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of 75°F at the installed thickness. b Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non -ventilated. c ncludes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above. 54 ANSUASFIILAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Dud Location Climate Zone Exterior Ventilated Attic Unvented Attic Above Insulated Ceiling Unvented Attic w/ Roof Insulations Unconditioned Spaceb Indirectly Conditioned Space` Buried Supply Ducts 1 R-6 R-6 R-8 R-3.5 R-3.5 none R-3.5 2 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-3.5 R-3.5 none R-3.5 3 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-3.5 R-3.5 none R-3.5 4 R-6 R-6 R-6 R-3.5 R-3.5 none R-3.5 5 R-6 Rfi Rfi R-1.9 R3.5 none R-3.5 6 R-8 R-6 R-6 R-1.9 R-3.5 none R-3.5 7 R-8 R-6 R-6 R-1.9 R-3.5 noneR-3.5 8 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-1.9 R-6 none R-6 Return Duds 1 le 8 R-3.5 R-3.5 R-3.5 none none none none .� r�.��l a Insulationon an es,possible measured sur ice h it'condensation. Where ree insulations installed and n not include wall mresitionce.sh The required minimum Most restrictive Hectoo not dation of6.e.4.2 or transmission and possible surface condensation. Where exterior walls are used e5 plenum walls, wall insulation shall be as required a the most hickness. condition of 6.4.4.2 or Section 5. Insulation resistance measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of 75°F at the installed thickness. b Includes crawl spaces, both ventilated and non -ventilated. c ncludes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above. 54 ANSUASFIILAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 TABLE 6.8.3 Minimum Pipe Insulation Thicknessa Fluid Design Insulation Conductivity Nominal Pipe or Tube Size (in.) Operating Temp. Range (OF) Conductivity Btu•in./(h•ft2•oF) Mean Rating Temp. of <3 I to <1-1/2 1-1/2 to <4 4 to <8 >_8 Heating Systems (Steam, Steam Condensate, and Hot Water)b^c >350 0.32-0.34 250 2.5 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 251-350 0.29-0.32 200 1.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 201-250 0.27-0.30 150 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 141-200 0.25429 125 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 105-140 0.22-0.28 100 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 Domestic and Service Hot Water Systems 105+ 0.22-0.28 100 1 0.5 1 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine, and Refrigerant)d 40-60 0.22-0.28 100 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 140 0.22-0.28 100 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 a For insulation outside the stated conductivity range, the minimum thickness () shall be determined as follows: T=r{(I +t/rP- I I where T=..inimmn insulation thickness (in.), r = actual outside radius ofpipe (in.), i= insulation thickness listed in this table for applicable fluid temperature and pipe sive, K= conductivity ofaltemate material at mean rating temperature indicated for the applicable fluid temperature(Bm in. [ht12-`F]); and k-- the upper"]] ofthe conductivity range listed in this table for the applicable fluid temperature. b These thicknesses am based on energy efficiency considerations only. Additional insulation is sometimes required relative to safety issues/surface temperature. c Piping insulation is not required between the control valve and coil on run -outs when the control valve is located within 4 R ofthe coil and the pipe size is I in. or less. it These thicknesses am based on energy efficiency considerations only. Issues such as water vapor permeability or surface condensation sometimes require vapor retarders or addi- tional insulation. ANSI/ASHRAF./IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 55 `*W 'rMW 7. SERVICE WATER HEATING Section 7 - Service Water Heating 7.5 - Prescriptive PathI I Section 11 - Energy Cost Budget Method 7.1 General 7.1.1 Service Water Heating Scope. 7.1.1.1 New Buildings. Service water heating systems and equipment shall comply with the requirements of this sec- tion as described in Section 7.2. 7.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings. Service water heating systems and equipment shall comply with the require- ments of this section. Exception to 7.1.1.2: When the service water heating to an addition is provided by existing service water heating systems and equipment, such systems and equipment shall not be required to comply with this standard. How- ever, any new systems or equipment installed must com- ply with specific requirements applicable to those systems and equipment. 7.1.1.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings. Building service water heating equipment installed as a direct replace- ment for existing building service water heating equipment shall comply with the requirements of Section 7 applicable to the equipment being replaced. New and replacement piping shall comply with 7.4.3. Exception to 7.1.1.3: Compliance shall not be required where there is insufficient space or access to meet these requirements. 7.2 Compliance Path(s) 7.2.1 Compliance shall be achieved by meeting the requirements of 7. 1, General; 7.4, Mandatory Provisions; 7.5, Prescriptive Path; 7.7, Submittals; and 7.8, Product informa- tion. 7.2.2 Projects using the Energy Cost Budget Method (Section 11) for demonstrating compliance with the standard shall meet the requirements of 7.4 (Mandatory Provisions) in conjunction with Section 11 (Energy Cost Budget Method). 7.3 Simplified/Small Building Option: (Not Used) 7.4 Mandatory Provisions 7.4.1 Load Calculations. Service water heating system design loads for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall be determined in accordance with manufacturers' pub- lished sizing guidelines or generally accepted engineering standards and handbooks acceptable to the adopting authority (e.g., ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications). 56 7.4.2 Equipment Efficiency. All water heating equip- ment, hot water supply boilers used solely for heating potable water, pool heaters, and hot water storage tanks shall meet the criteria listed in Table 7.8. Where multiple criteria are listed, all criteria shall be met. Omission of minimum performance requirements for certain classes of equipment does not pre- clude use of such equipment where appropriate. Equipment not listed in Table 7.8 has no minimum performance require- ments. Exception to 7.4.2: All water heaters and hot water sup- ply boilers having more than 140 gal of storage capacity are not required to meet the standby loss (SL) require- ments of Table 7.8 when (a) the tank surface is thermally insulated to R-12.5, and (b) a standing pilot light is not installed, and (c) gas- or oil -fired storage water heaters have a flue damper or fan -assisted combustion. 7.4.3 Service Hot Water Piping Insulation. The fol- lowing piping shall be insulated to levels shown in Section 6, Table 6.8.3: (a) Recirculating system piping, including the supply and return piping of a circulating tank type water heater. (b) The first 8 ft of outlet piping for a constant temperature nomecirculating storage system. (c) The inlet pipe between the storage tank and a heat trap in a nomecirculating storage system. (d) Pipes that are externally heated (such as heat trace or impedance heating). 7.4.4 Service Water Heating System Controls 7.4.4.1 Temperature Controls. Temperature controls shall be provided that allow for storage temperature adjust- ment from 120°F or lower to a maximum temperature com- patible with the intended use. Exception to 7.4.4.1: When the manufacturer's installa- tion instructions specify a higher minimum thermostat setting to minimize condensation and resulting corro- sion. 7.4.4.2 Temperature Maintenance Controls. Systems designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes, such as recirculating hot water systems or heat trace, shall be equipped with automatic time switches or other controls that can be set to switch off the usage temperature maintenance system during extended periods when hot water is not required. 7.4.4.3 Outlet Temperature Controls. Temperature controlling means shall be provided to limit the maximum temperature of water delivered from lavatory faucets in public facility restrooms to I I WE 7.4.4.4 Circulating Pump Controls. When used to maintain storage tank water temperature, recirculating pumps shall be equipped with controls limiting operation to a period from the start of the heating cycle to a maximum of five min- utes after the end of the heating cycle. 7.4.5 Pools 7.4.5.1 Pool Heaters. Pool heaters shall be equipped with a readily accessible on-off switch to allow shutting off the heater without adjusting the thermostat setting. Pool heat- ers fired by natural gas shall not have continuously burning pilot lights. ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 7.4.5.2 Pool Covers. Heated pools shall be equipped (a) with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface. Pools heated to more than 90°F shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation value of R-12. Exception to 7.4.5.2: Pools deriving over 60% of the energy for heating from site -recovered energy or solar energy source. 7.4.5.3 Time Switches. Time switches shall be installed on swimming pool heaters and pumps. Exceptions to 7.4.5.3: (a) Where public health standards require 24-hour pump operation. (b) Where pumps are required to operate solar and waste heat recovery pool heating systems. 7.4.6 Heat Traps. Vertical pipe risers serving storage water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat traps and serving a nonrecirculating system shall have heat traps on both the inlet and outlet piping as close as practical to the stor- age tank. A heat trap is a means to counteract the natural con- vection of heated water in a vertical pipe run. The means is either a device specifically designed for the purpose or an arrangement of tubing that forms a loop of 360 degrees or pip- ing that from the point of connection to the water heater (inlet or outlet) includes a length of piping directed downward before connection to the vertical piping of the supply water or hot water distribution system, as applicable. 7.5 Prescriptive Path 7.5.1 Space Heating and Water Heating. The use of a gas-fired or oil -fired space heating boiler system otherwise complying with Section 6 to provide the total space heating and water heating for a building is allowed when one of the following conditions is met. (b) (c) The single space heating boiler, or the component of a modular or multiple boiler system that is heating the ser- vice water, has a standby loss in Btu/h not exceeding (13.3 x pmd + 400) / n where pmd is the probable maximum demand in gal/h, determined in accordance with the procedures described in generally accepted engineering standards and hand- books, and n is the fraction of the year when the outdoor daily mean temperature is greater than 64.9°F. The standby loss is to be determined for a test period of 24 hours duration while maintaining a boiler water temperature of at least 90°F above ambient, with an ambi- ent temperature between 60°F and 90°F. For a boiler with a modulating burner, this test shall be conducted at the lowest input. It is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the authority hav- ing jurisdiction that the use of a single heat source will consume less energy than separate units. The energy input of the combined boiler and water heater system is less than 150,000 Btu/h. 7.5.2 Service Water Heating Equipment. Service water heating equipment used to provide the additional function of space heating as part of a combination (integrated) system shall satisfy all stated requirements for the service water heat- ing equipment. 7.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used) 7.7 Submittals 7.7.1 General. Authority havingjurisdiction may require submittal of compliance documentation and supplemental information, in accord with Section 4.2.2 of this standard. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 57 7.8 Product Information TABLE 7.8 Performance Requirements for Water Heating Equipment a Energy factor (EF) and thermal efficiency (EQ are minimum requirements, while standby loss (SL) is maximum Btu/h based on a 70°F temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements. In the EF equation, V is the rated volume in gallons. In the SL equation, V is the rated volume in gallons and Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/h. -» b Section 12 contains a complete specification, including the year version, of the referenced test procedure. c Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 200,000 Btu/h must comply with these requirements if the water heater is designed to heat water to temper- atures 180°F or higher. 58 ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Size Category Subcategory or Test Equipment Type (Input) Rating Condition Performance Required a Procedureb Electric Water <_12 kW Resistance 0.93-0.00132V EF DOE 10 CFR Heaters 220 gal Part 430 >12 kW Resistance>20 gal 20+35 . _VV SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3 <_24 Amps and Heat Pump 0.93-0.00132V EF DOE 10 CFR <_250 Volts Part 430 Gas Storage Water !_75,000 Btu/h >20 gal 0.62-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR Heaters Part 430 >75,000 Btu/h <4000 (Btu/h)/gal 80% E, (Q/800 + 110FVV) ANSI Z21.10.3 SL, Btu/h Gas Instantaneous >50,000 Btu/h and 24000 (Btu/h)/gal 0.62-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR Water Heaters <200,000 Btu/h and <2 gal Part 430 2_200,000 Btu/hc 2_4000 (Btu/h)/gal and <10 gal 80% E, ANSI Z21.10.3 >>200,000 Btu/h 24000 (Btu/h)/gal and 80% E, (Q/800 + 110 ,r ) >_ 10 gal SL, Btu/h Oil Storage Water :_105,000 Btu/h 2_20 gal 0.59-0.0019V EF DOE l0 CFR Heaters Part 430 >105,000 Btu/h <4000 (Btu/h)/gal 78% Et (Q/800 + 110 .,F) ANSI Z21.10.3 SL, Btu/h Oil Instantaneous !_210,000 Btu/h 2_4000 (Btu/h)/gal 0.59-0.0019V EF DOE ]0 CFR Water Heaters and <2 gal Part 430 >210,000 Btu/h 2_4000 (Btu/h)/gal and <10 gal 80% E, ANSI Z21.10.3 >210,000 Btu/h 24000 (BftA)/gal 78% E, (Q/800 + 110 JV_ ) SL, Btu/h and 2_10 gal Hot Water Supply Boilers, Gas and Oil 2300,000 Btu/h and <12,500,000 Btu/h 2_4000 (Btu/h)/gal and <10 gal 80% E, ANSI Z21.10.3 Not Water Supply >4000 (Btu/h)/gal 80% E, (Q/800 + 110 .,rV- ) SL, Btu/h Boilers, Gas and 2_10 gal Hot Water Supply 2_4000 (Btu/h)/gal 78% E, (Q/800 + 110 , V) Boilers, Oil and >10 gal SL, Broth Pool Heaters Oil and Gas All 78%Er ASHRAE146 Heat Pump Pool Heaters All 4.0 COP ASHRAE 146 Unfired Storage All R-12.5 (none) Tanks a Energy factor (EF) and thermal efficiency (EQ are minimum requirements, while standby loss (SL) is maximum Btu/h based on a 70°F temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements. In the EF equation, V is the rated volume in gallons. In the SL equation, V is the rated volume in gallons and Q is the nameplate input rate in Btu/h. -» b Section 12 contains a complete specification, including the year version, of the referenced test procedure. c Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 200,000 Btu/h must comply with these requirements if the water heater is designed to heat water to temper- atures 180°F or higher. 58 ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 wr+► 8. POWER Section 8 - Power 8.1 - General 8.2 - Definition of Com liance Paths 8.4 - Mandatory Provisions 8.7 - Submittals 8.1 General. This section applies to all building power dis- tribution systems. 8.2 Compliance Path(s) 8.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used) 8.7 Submittals: 8.7.1 Drawings. Construction documents shall require that within 30 days after the date of system acceptance, record drawings of the actual installation shall be provided to the building owner, including (a) a single -line diagram of the building electrical distribu- tion system and (b) floor plans indicating location and area served for all dis- tribution. 8.7.2 Manuals. Construction documents shall require that an operating manual and maintenance manual be provided to the building owner. The manuals shall include, at a minimum, the following: (a) Submittal data stating equipment rating and selected options for each piece of equipment requiring mainte- 8.2.1 Power distribution systems in all projects shall com- (b) ply with the requirements of 8.1, General; 8.4, Mandatory Provisions; and 8.7, Submittals. 8.3 Simplified/Small Building Option: (Not Used) 8.4 Mandatory Provisions 8.4.1 Voltage Drop 8.4.1.1 Feeders. Feeder conductors shall be sized for a maximum voltage drop of 2% at design load. 8.4.1.2 Branch Circuits. Branch circuit conductors shall be sized for a maximum voltage drop of 3% at design load. 8.5 Prescriptive Path (Not Used) ANSUASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 (c) (d) nance. Operation manuals and maintenance manuals for each piece of equipment requiring maintenance. Required rou- tine maintenance actions shall be clearly identified. Names and addresses of at least one qualified service agency. A complete narrative of how each system is intended to operate. (Enforcement agencies should only check to be sure that the construction documents require this information to be trans- mitted to the owner and should not expect copies of any of the materials.) 8.8 Product Information (Not Used) 59 6M 9. LIGHTING Section 9 - Lighting 9.5 - Building AreaI I 9.6 - Space -by- I I Section Method cddget Method Space Method 9.1 General 9.1.1 Scope: This section shall apply to the following: (a) interior spaces of buildings; (b) exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features, entrances, exits, loading docks, and illuminated canopies; and (c) exterior building grounds lighting provided through the building's electrical service. Exceptions to 9.1.1: (a) emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation, (b) lighting within living units, (c) lighting that is specifically designated as required by a health or life safety statute, ordinance, or regula- tion, (d) decorative gas lighting systems. 9.1.2 Lighting Alterations. The replacement of lighting systems in any building space shall comply with the lighting power density requirements of Section 9 applicable to that space. New lighting systems shall comply with the applicable lighting power density requirements of Section 9. Any new control devices as a direct replacement of existing control devices shall comply with the specific requirements of 9.4.1.2(b). Exception to 9.1.2: Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires in a space need not comply with these requirements provided that such alterations do not increase the installed interior lighting power. 9.1.3 Installed Interior Lighting Power. The installed interior lighting power shall include all power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control devices except as specifically exempted in 9.2.2.3. Exception to 9.1.3: If two or more independently oper- ating lighting systems in a space are capable of being controlled to prevent simultaneous user operation, the installed interior lighting power shall be based solely on the lighting system with the highest wattage. 9.1.4 Luminaire Wattage. Luminaire wattage incorpo- rated into the installed interior lighting power shall be deter- mined in accordance with the following criteria: (a) The wattage of incandescent or tungsten -halogen luminaires with medium screw base sockets and not G1q containing permanently installed ballasts shall be the maximum labeled wattage of the luminaire. (b) The wattage of luminaires with permanently installed or remote ballasts or transformers shall be the operating input wattage of the maximum lamp/ auxiliary combination based on values from the aux- iliary manufacturer's literature or recognized testing laboratories. (c) The wattage of line -voltage lighting track and plug- in busway that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the lumi- naires included in the system with a minimum of 30 W/lin ft. (d) The wattage of low -voltage lighting track, cable con- ductor, rail conductor, and other flexible lighting sys- tems that allow the addition and/or relocation of luminaires without altering the wiring of the system shall be the specified wattage of the transformer sup- plying the system. (e) The wattage of all other miscellaneous lighting equipment shall be the specified wattage of the light- ing equipment. 9.2 Compliance Path(s) 9.2.1 Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with 9.1, General; 9.4, Mandatory Provisions; and the pre- scriptive requirements of either: (a) 9.5'Building Area Method, or (b) 9.6, Space -by -Space Method. 9.2.2 Prescriptive Requirements 9.2.2.1 The Building Area Method for determining the interior lightingpower allowance, described in 9.5, is a sim- plified approach for demonstrating compliance. 9.2.2.2 The Space -by -Space Method, described in 9.6, is an alternative approach that allows greater flexibility. 9.2.2.3 Interior Lighting Power. The interior lighting power allowance for a building or a separately metered or per- mitted portion of a building shall be determined by either the Building Area Method described in 9.5 or the Space -by -Space Method described in 9.6. Trade-offs of interior lightingpower allowance among portions of the building for which a differ- ent method of calculation has been used are not permitted. The installed interior lightingpower identified in accordance with 9.1.3 shall not exceed the interior lightingpower allow- ance developed in accordance with 9.5 or 9.6. Exceptions to 9.2.2.3: The following lighting equip- ment and applications shall not be considered when determining the interior lighting power allowance developed in accordance with 9.5 or 9.6, nor shall the wattage for such lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power identified in accordance with 9.1.3. However, any such lighting shall not be exempt unless it is an addition to general lighting and is con- trolled by an independent control device. (a) Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in galleries, museums, and monuments. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 I— (b) Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumenta- tion and is installed by its manufacturer. (c) Lighting specifically designed for use only during medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to medical equipment. (d) Lighting integral to both open and glass -enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases. (e) Lighting integral to food warming and food prepara- tion equipment. (f) Lighting for plant growth or maintenance. (g) Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by the visually impaired. (h) Lighting in retail display windows, provided the dis- play area is enclosed by ceiling -height partitions. (i) Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered interior historic landmark. (j) Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage. (k) Exit signs. (1) Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational dem- onstration systems. (m) Lighting for theatrical purposes, including perfor- mance, stage, and film and video production. (n) Lighting for television broadcasting in sporting activ- ity areas. (o) Casino gaming areas. 9.3 (Not Used) 9.4 Mandatory Provisions 9.4.1 Lighting Control 9.4.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff. Interior lighting in buildings larger than 5000 ft2 shall be controlled with an automatic control device to shut off building lighting in all spaces. This automatic control device shall function on either (a) a scheduled basis using a time -of -day operated control device that turns lighting off at specific programmed times—an independent program schedule shall be pro- vided for areas of no more than 25,000 112 but not more than one floor—or (b) an occupant sensor that shall tum lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant leaving a space—or (c) a signal from another control or alarm system that indi- cates the area is unoccupied. Exceptions to 9.4.1.1: The following shall not require an automatic control device: (a) Lighting intended for 24-hour operation (b) Lighting in spaces where patient care is rendered. (c) Spaces where an automatic shutoff would endanger the safety or security of the room or building occu- pant(s). 9.4.1.2 Space Control. Each space enclosed by ceiling - height partitions shall have at least one control device to inde- pendently control the general lighting within the space. Each manual device shall be readily accessible and located so the occupants can see the controlled lighting. (a) A control device shall be installed that automatically turns lighting off within 30 minutes of all occupants leav- ing a space, except spaces with multi -scene control, in 1. classrooms (not including shop classrooms, laboratory classrooms, and preschool through 12u' grade class- rooms), 2. conference/meeting rooms, 3. employee lunch and break rooms. ANSUASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 These spaces are not required to be connected to other automatic lighting shutoff controls. (b) For all other spaces, each control device shall be activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sens- ing an occupant. Each control device shall control a maxi- mum of 2500 ft2 area for a space 10,000 ft2 or less and a maximum of 10,000 ft2 area for a space greater than 10,000 ft2 and be capable of overriding any time -of -day scheduled shutoff control for no more than four hours. Exception to 9.4.1.2: Remote location shall be permit- ted for reasons of safety or security when the remote control device has an indicator pilot light as part of or next to the control device and the light is clearly labeled to identify the controlled lighting. 9.4.1.3 Exterior Lighting Control. Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in 9.1 shall have automatic controls capable of turning off exterior lighting when suffi- cient daylight is available or when the lighting is not required during nighttime hours. Lighting not designated for dusk -to - dawn operation shall be controlled by an astronomical time switch. Lighting designated for dusk -to -dawn operation shall be controlled by an astronomical time switch or photosensor. Astronomical time switches shall be capable of retaining pro- gramming and the time setting during loss of power for a period of at least 10 hours. Exception to 9.4.1.3: Lighting for covered vehicle entrances or exits from buildings or parking structures where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation. 9.4.1.4 Additional Control. (a) Display/Accent Lighting—display or accent lighting shall have a separate control device. (b) Case Lighting—lighting in cases used for display pur- poses shall have a separate control device. (c) Hotel and Motel Guest Room Lighting—hotel and motel guest rooms and guest suites shall have a master control device at the main room entry that controls all perma- nently installed luminaires and switched receptacles. (d) Task Lightingsupplemental task lighting, including per- manently installed undershelf or undercabinet lighting, shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be controlled by a wall -mounted control device provided the control device is readily accessible and located so that the occupant can see the controlled lighting. (e) Nonvisual Lighting—lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and food warming, shall have a sep- arate control device. (f) Demonstration Lightinglighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in lighting education shall have a separate control device. 9.4.2 Tandem Wiring. Luminaires designed for use with one or three linear fluorescent lamps greater than 30 W each shall use two -lamp tandem -wired ballasts in place of single - lamp ballasts when two or more luminaires are in the same space and on the same control device. Exceptions to 9.4.2: (a) Recessed luminaires more than 10 ft apart measured center to center. (b) Surface -mounted or pendant luminaires that are not continuous. (c) Luminaires using single -lamp high -frequency elec- tronic ballasts. 61 (d) Luminaires using three -lamp high -frequency elec- tronic or three -lamp electromagnetic ballasts. (e) Luminaires on emergency circuits. (f) Luminaires with no available pair. 9.4.3 Exit Signs. Internally illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5 watts per face. 9.4.4 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting. All exterior building grounds luminaires that operate at greater than 100 watts shall contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 Im/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a motion sensor or qualifies for one of the exceptions under 9. 1.1 or 9.4.5. 9.4.5 Exterior Building Lighting Power. The total exte- rior lighting power allowance for all exterior building appli- cations is the sum of the individual lighting power densities permitted in Table 9.4.5 for these applications plus an addi- tional unrestricted allowance of 5% of that sum. Trade-offs are allowed only among exterior lighting applications listed in the Table 9.4.5 "Tradable Surfaces" section. Exceptions to 9.4.5: Lighting used for the following exterior applications is exempt when equipped with a control device independent of the control of the nonex- empt lighting: (a) Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation. (b) Advertising signage or directional signage. (c) Lighting integral to equipment or instrumentation and installed by its manufacturer. (d) Lighting for theatrical purposes, including perfor- mance, stage, film production, and video production. (e) Lighting for athletic playing areas. (f) Temporary lighting. (g) Lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites, and associated storage areas. (h) Theme elements in theme/amusement parks. (i) Lighting used to highlight features of public monu- ments and registered historic landmark structures or buildings. 9.5 Building Area Method Compliance Path 9.5.1 Building Area Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. Use the following steps to deter- mine the interior lighting power allowance by the building area method: (a) Determine the appropriate building area type from Table 9.5.1 and the allowed lighting power density (watts per unit area) from the building area method column. For building area types not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type shall be permitted. (b) Determine the gross lighted floor area (square feet) of the building area type. (c) Multiply the gross lighted floor areas of the building area type(s) times the lighting power density. (d) The interior lighting power allowance for the building is the sum of the lighting power allowances of all building area types. Trade-offs among building area types are per- mitted provided that the total installed interior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allow- ance. 62 9.6 Alternative Compliance Path: Space -by -Space Method 9.6.1 Space -by -Space Method of Calculating Interior Lighting Power Allowance. Use the following steps to deter- mine the interior lighting power allowance by the space -by - space method: (a) Determine the appropriate building type from Table 9.6.1. For building types not listed, selection of a reasonably equivalent type shall be permitted. (b) For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the gross interior floor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Include the floor area of balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80% partition height requirements. (c) Determine the interior lighting power allowance by using the columns designated space -by -space method in Table 9.6.1. Multiply the floor area(s) of the space(s) times the allowed lighting power density for the space type that most closely represents the proposed use of the space(s). The product is the lighting power allowance for the space(s). For space types not listed, selection of a reason- able equivalent category shall be permitted. (d) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of light- ing power allowances of all spaces. Trade-offs among spaces are permitted provided that the total installed inte- rior lighting power does not exceed the interior lighting power allowance. 9.6.2 Additional Interior Lighting Power. When using the space -by -space method, an increase in the interior light- tng power allowance is allowed for specific lighting func- tions. Additional power shall be allowed only if the specified lighting is installed, shall be used only for the specified lumi- naires, and shall not be used for any other purpose or in any other space. 9.6.3 An increase in the interior lightingpower allowance is permitted in the following cases: (a) For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed in addition to the general lighting for the purpose of decora- tive appearance, such as chandelier -type luminaries or sconces or for highlighting art or exhibits, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed 1.0 W/ftZ of such spaces. (b) For spaces in which lighting is specified to be installed to meet the requirements of visual display terminals as the primary viewing task, provided that the additional light- ing power shall not exceed 0.35 W/ftZ of such spaces and that the specified luminaire meets requirements for use in such spaces. Maximum average luminance measured from the vertical in candelas per square foot of not more than 80 cd/ft at 65 degrees, 33 cd/ft at 75 degrees, and 17 cd/ft at 85 to 90 degrees. (c) For lighting equipment installed in retail spaces that is specifically designed and directed to highlight merchan- dise, provided that the additional lighting power shall not exceed (1) 1.6 W/ftZ times the area of specific display or (2) 3.9 W/ftZ times the area of specific display for valu- able merchandise, such as jewelry, fine apparel and acces- sories, china and silver, art, and similar items, where detailed display and examination of merchandise are important. 9.7 Submittals (Not Used) 9.8 Product Information (Not Used) ANSI/ASHRAF/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 TABLE 9.4.5 Lighting Power Densities for Building Exteriors ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 63 Uncovered Parking Areas Parking Lots and drives 0.15 W/ft Building Grounds Walkways less than 10 feet wide 1.0 W/linear foot Walkways 10 feet wide or greater Plaza areas 0.2 W/ftZ Tradable Surfaces Special Feature Areas (Lighting power densi- Stairways 1.0 W/ftZ ties for uncovered park- ing areas, building grounds, building Building Entrances and Exits entrances and exits, can- opies and overhangs and Main entries 30 W/linear foot of door width outdoor sales areas may Other doors 20 W/linear foot of door width be traded.) Canopies and Overhangs Canopies (free standing and attached and overhangs) 1.25 W/ft Outdoor Sales Open areas (including vehicle sales lots) 0.5 W/ftZ Street frontage for vehicle sales lots in addition to `open area" 20 W/linear foot allowance Building Facades 0.2 W/ft for each illuminated wall or surface or Non -Tradable Surfaces 5.0 W/linear foot for each illuminated wall or (Lighting power density surface length calculations for the fol- lowing applications can Automated teller machines and night depositories 270 W per location be used only for the spe- plus cific application and can- 90 W per additional ATM per location not be traded between Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded 1.25 W/ftZ of uncovered area surfaces or with other facilities (covered areas are included in the "Canopies and exterior lighting. The fol- Overhangs" section of "Tradable Surfaces") lowing allowances are in addition to any allow- Loading areas for law enforcement, fire, ambulance and Z 0.5 W/ft of uncovered area ance otherwise permit- other emergency service vehicles (covered areas are included in the "Canopies and ted m the "tradable Overhangs" section of "Tradable Surfaces") Surfaces" section of this Drive -up windows at fast food restaurants 400 W per drive-through table.) Parking near 24-hour retail entrances 800 W per main entry ANSVASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 63 TABLE 9.5.1 Lighting Power Densities Using the Building Area Method Lighting Power Density Building Area Type' (W/ft') Automotive Facility 0.9 Convention Center 1.2 Court House 1.2 Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 1.3 Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 1.4 Dining: Family 1.6 Dormitory 1.0 Exercise Center 1.0 Gymnasium 1.1 Health Care -Clinic 1.0 Hospital 1.2 Hotel 1.0 Library 1.3 Manufacturing Facility 1.3 Motel 1.0 Motion Picture Theater 1.2 Multi -Family 0.7 Ww.W Museum 1.1 Office 1.0 Parking Garage 0.3 Penitentiary 1.0 Performing Arts Theater 1.6 Police/Fire Station 1.0 Post Office 1.1 Religious Building 1.3 Retail 1.5 School/University 1.2 Sports Arena 1.1 Town Hall 1.1 Transportation 1.0 Warehouse 0.8 Workxhon 1.4 a In cases where both geneml building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building area type shall apply. 64 ANSFASHRAE!ffiSNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 b TABLE 9.6.1 Lighting Power Densities Using the Space -by -Space Method Common Space Types' LPD (W/ft') Building Specific Space Types LPD (W/ft) Office -Enclosed 1.1 Gymnasium/Exercise Center Office -Open Plan 1.1 Playing Area 1.4 Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose 1.3 Exercise Area 0.9 Classroom/Lecture/Training 1.4 Courthouse/Police Station/Penitentiary For Penitentiary 1.3 Courtroom 19 Lobby 1.3 Confinement Cells 0.9 For Hotel 1.1 Judges Chambers 1.3 For Performing Arts Theater 3.3 Fire Stations For Motion Picture Theater 1.1 Fire Station Engine Room 0.8 Audience/Seating Area 0.9 Sleeping Quarters 0.3 For Gymnasium 0.4 Post Office -Sorting Area 1.2 For Exercise Center 0.3 Convention Center -Exhibit Space 1.3 For Convention Center 0.7 Library For Penitentiary 0.7 Card File and Cataloging 1.1 For Religious Buildings 1.7 Stacks 1.7 For Sports Arena 0.4 Reading Area 1.2 For Performing Arts Theater 2.6 Hospital For Motion Picture Theater 1.2 Emergency 2.7 For Transportation 0.5 Recovery 0.8 Atrium -First Three Floors 0.6 Nurse Station 1.0 Atrium Each Additional Floor 0.2 Exam/Treatment 1.5 Lounge/Recreation 1.2 Pharmacy 12 For Hospital 0.8 Patient Room 0.7 Dining Area 0.9 Operating Room 2.2 For Penitentiary 1.3 Nursery 0.6 For Hotel 13 Medical Supply 1.4 For Motel 1.2 Physical Therapy 0.9 For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining 1.4 Radiology 0.4 For Family Dining 2.1 Laundry Washing 0.6 Food Preparation 1.2 AutomotiveService/Repair 0.7 Laboratory 1.4 Manufacturing Restrooms 0.9 Low Bay (<25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) 1.2 Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room 0.6 High Bay (>_25 ft Floor to Ceiling Height) 1.7 Corridor/Transition 0.5 Detailed Manufacturing 2.1 For Hospital 1.0 Equipment Room 1.2 For Manufacturing Facility 0.5 Control Room 0.5 Stairs -Active 0.6 Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms 1.1 Active Storage 0.8 Dormitory -Living Quarters LI For Hospital 0.9 Museum Inactive storage 0.3 General Exhibition 1.0 For Museum 0.8 Restoration 1.7 ANSI/ASHRAEJIESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 65 k �,. TABLE 9.6.1 (continued) Lighting Power Densities Using the Space -by -Space Method Common Space Types' LPD (W/ft) Building Specific Space Types LPD (W/ftp) Electrical/Mechanical 1.5 Bank/OfficeBanking Activity Area 1.5 Workshop 1.9 Religious Buildings Worship Pulpit, Choir 2.4 Fellowship Hall 0.9 Retail [For accent lighting, see 9.6.3(c)] Sales Area 1.7 Mall Concourse 1.7 Sports Arena Ring Sports Area 2.7 Court Sports Area 2.3 Indoor Playing Field Area 1.4 Warehouse Fine Material Storage 1.4 Medium/Bulky Material Storage 0.9 Parking Garage—Garage Area 0.2 Transportation Airport—Concourse 0.6 Air/Train/Bus—Baggage Area 1.0 Terminal—Ticket Counter 1.5 a In cases where both a common space type and a building specific type are listed, the building specific space type shall apply. 66 ANSI/ASITRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 10. OTHER EQUIPMENT Section 10 -Other Equipment Iw..- 10.1 -General 10.2 - Definition of Com liance Paths 10.4 - Mandatory Provisions 10.1 General 10.1.1 Scope. This section applies only to the equipment described below. 10.1.1.1 New Buildings. Other equipment installed in new buildings shall comply with the requirements of this sec- tion. 10.1.1.2 Additions to Existing Buildings. Other equip- ment installed in additions to existing buildings shall comply with the requirements of this section. 10.1.1.3 Alterations to Existing Buildings. 10.1.1.3.1 Alterations to other building service equip- ment or systems shall comply with the requirements of this section applicable to those specific portions of the building and its systems that are being altered. 10.1.1.3.2 Any new equipment subject to the require- ments of this section that is installed in conjunction with the alterations, as a direct replacement of existing equipment or control devices, shall comply with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control devices. Exception to 10.1.1.3: Compliance shall not be required for the relocation or reuse of existing equipment. 10.2 Compliance Path(s) 10.2.1 Compliance with Section 10 shall be achieved by meeting all requirements of 10. 1, General; 10.4, Mandatory Provisions; and 10.8, Product Information. 10.2.2 Projects using the Energy Cost Budget Method (Section 11 of this standard), must comply with 10.4, the mandatory provisions of this section, as a portion of that com- pliance path. 10.3 Simplified/Small Building Option (Not Used) 10.4 Mandatory Provisions 10.4.1 Electric Motors. Electric motors shall comply with the requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 where applicable, as shown in Table 10.8. Motors that are not included in the scope of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 have no performance requirements in this section. 10.5 Prescriptive Compliance Path (Not Used) 10.6 Alternative Compliance Path (Not Used) 10.7 Submittals (Not Used) 10.8 Product Information TABLE 10.8 Minimum Nominal Efficiency for General Purpose Design A and Design B Motorists - Minimum Nominal Full -Loud Efficiency (%) open Motors Enclosed Motors Number of Poles => 2 4 6 2 4 6 Synchronous Speed (RPM) _> 3600 1800 1200 3600 1800 1200 Motor Horsepower 1 - 8205 80.0 75.5 82.5 90.0 1.5 82.5 84.0 84.0 82.5 84.0 85.5 2 84.0 84.0 85.5 84.0 84.0 86.5 3 84.0 86.5 85.5 85.5 87.5 87.5 5 85.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 87.5 7.5 87.5 88.5 88.5 88.5 89.5 89.5 10 88.5 89.5 90.2 89.5 89.5 89.5 15 89.5 91.0 90.2 90.2 91.0 90.2 20 90.2 91.0 91.0 90.2 91.0 90.2 25 91.0 91.7 91.7 91.0 92.4 91.7 30 91.0 92.4 92.4 91.0 92.4 91.7 40 91.7 93.0 93.0 91.7 93.0 93.0 5o 92.4 93.0 93.0 92.4 93.0 93.0 60 93.0 93.6 93.6 930 93.6 93.6 75 93.0 94.1 93.6 93.0 94.1 93.6 100 93.0 94.1 94.1 93.6 94.5 94.1 125 93.6 94.5 94.1 94.5 94.5 94.1 150 93.6 95.0 94.5 94.5 95.0 95.0 200 94.5 95.0 94.5 95.0 95.0 95.0 a Nominal efficiencies shall loe e,tehlnhad in accordance with NEMA Standard MGI. Design A and Design B are Normal Electric Manufacturers Association (NEMA) design class desiguanow for final frequent, small and malium AC squirrel- cage induction motors. ANSVASHRAEJIESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 67 1" a 11. ENERGY COST BUDGET METHOD 11.1 General 11.1.1 Energy Cost Budget Method Scope. The building energy cost budget method is an alternative to the prescriptive provisions of this standard. It may be employed for evaluating the compliance of all proposed designs, except designs with no mechanical system. 11.1.2 Trade -Offs Limited to Building Permit. When the building permit being sought applies to less than the whole building, only the calculation parameters related to the sys- tems to which the permit applies shall be allowed to vary. Parameters relating to unmodified existing conditions or to future building components shall be identical for both the energy cost budget and the design energy cost calculations. Future building components shall meet the prescriptive requirements of 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and either 9.5 or 9.6. 11.1.3 Envelope Limitation. For new buildings or addi- tions, the building energy cost budget method results shall not be submitted for building permit approval to the authority having jurisdiction prior to submittal for approval of the building envelope design. 11.1.4 Compliance. Compliance with Section 11 will be achieved if (a) all requirements of 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4, and 10.4 are met; and (b) the design energy cost, as calculated in 11.3 does not exceed the energy cost budget, as calculated by the simu- lation program described in 11.2; and (c) the energy efficiency level of components specified in the building design meet or exceed the efficiency levels used to calculate the design energy cost. Informative Note: The energy cost budget and the design energy cost calculations are applicable only for determining compliance with this standard. They are not predictions of actual energy consumption or costs of the proposed design after construction. Actual experience will differ from these calculations due to variations such as occupancy, building operation and maintenance, weather, energy use not covered by this standard, changes in energy rates between design ofthe building and occupancy, and precision ofthe calculation tool. 11.1.5 Documentation Requirements. Compliance shall be documented and submitted to the authority having juris- diction. The information submitted shall include the follow- ing: (a) The energy cost budget for the budget building design and the design energy cost for the proposed design. (b) A list of the energy-related features that are included in the design and on which compliance with the provisions of Section 11 is based. This list shall document all energy features that differ between the models used in the energy cost budget and the design energy cost calculations. (c) The input and output report(s) from the simulation pro- gram including a breakdown of energy usage by at least the following components: lights, internal equipment loads, service water heating equipment, space heating 68 equipment, space cooling and heat rejection equipment, fans, and other HVAC equipment (such as pumps). The output reports shall also show the amount of time any loads are not met by the HVAC system for both the pro- posed design and budget building design. (d) An explanation of any error messages noted in the simu- lation program output. 11.2 Simulation General Requirements 11.2.1 Simulation Program. The simulation program shall be a computer-based program for the analysis of energy consumption in buildings (a program such as, but not limited to, DOE -2 or BLAST). The simulation program shall include calculation methodologies for the building components being modeled. Note to Adopting Authority: The SSPC 90.1 recommends that a compliance shell implementing the rules of the compliance supplement that controls inputs to, and from, output formats from the required computer analysis program be adopted for the purposes of easier use and simpler compliance. 11.2.1.1 The simulation program shall be approved by the adopting authority and shall, at a minimum, have the abil- ity to explicitly model all of the following: (a) a minimum of 1400 hours per year; (b) hourly variations in occupancy, lighting power, miscella- neous equipment power, thermostat setpoints, and HVAC system operation, defined separately for each day of the week and holidays; (c) thermal mass effects; (d) ten or more thermal zones; (e) part -load performance curves for mechanical equipment; (f) capacity and efficiency correction curves for mechanical heating and cooling equipment; (g) air -side and water -side economizers with integrated con- trol; and (h) the budget building design characteristics specified in 11.5. 11.2.1.2 The simulation program shall have the ability to either (a) directly determine the design energy cost and energy cost budgetor (b) produce hourly reports of energy use by energy source suitable for determining the design energy cost and energy cost budget using a separate calculation engine. 11.2.1.3 The simulation program shall be capable of performing design load calculations to determine required HVAC equipment capacities and air and water flow rates in accordance with 6.4.2 for both the proposed design and bud- get building design. 11.2.1.4 The simulation program shall be tested accord- ing to ASHRAE Standard 140 and the results shall be fur- nished by the software provider. 11.2.2 Climatic Data. The simulation program shall per- form the simulation using hourly values of climatic data, such as temperature and humidity from representative climatic data, for the city in which the proposed design is to be located. For cities or urban regions with several climatic data entries, ANSPASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 I and for locations where weather data are not available, the designer shall select available weather data that best represent the climate at the construction site. Such selected weather data shall be approved by the authority havingjurisdiction. 11.2.3 Purchased Energy Rates. Annual energy costs shall be determined using rates for purchased energy, such as electricity, gas, oil, propane, steam, and chilled water, and approved by the adopting authority. Exception to 11.2.3: On-site renewable energy sources or site -recovered energy shall not be considered to be purchased energy and shall not be included in the design energy cost. Where on-site renewable or site -recovered sources are used, the budget building design shall be based on the energy source used as the backup energy source or electricity if no backup energy source has been specified. 11.2.4 Compliance Calculations. The design energy cost and energy cost budget shall be calculated using (a) the same simulation program, (b) the same weather data, and (c) the same purchased energy rates. 11.2.5 Exceptional Calculation Methods. Where no simulation program is available that adequately models a design, material, or device, the authority having jurisdiction may approve an exceptional calculation method to be used to demonstrate compliance with Section 11. Applications for approval of an exceptional method to include theoretical and empirical information verifying the method's accuracy shall include the following documentation to demonstrate that the exceptional calculation method and results (a) make no change in any input parameter values specified by this standard and the adopting authority; (b) provide input and output documentation that facilitates the enforcement agency's review and meets the format- ting and content required by the adopting authority; and (c) are supported by instructions for using the method to demonstrate that the energy cost budget and design energy cost required by Section 11 are met. 11.3 Calculation of Design Energy Cost and Energy Cost Budget 11.3.1 The simulation model for calculating the design energy cost and the energy cost budget shall bedeveloped in accordance with the requirements in Table 11.3.1. 11.3.2 HVACS)wems. The HVAC system type and related performance parameters for the budget building design shall be determined from Figure 11.3.2, the system descriptions in Table 11.3.2A and accompanying notes, and the following rules: (a) Components and parameters not listed in Figure 11.3.2 and Table 11.3.2A or otherwise specifically addressed in this subsection shall be identical to those in the proposed design. Exception to 11.3.2a: Where there are specific require- ments in 6.4 and 6.5, the component efficiency in the budget building design shall be adjusted to the lowest efficiency level allowed by the requirement for that com- ponent type. (b) All HVAC and service water heating equipment in the budget building shall be modeled at the minimum efft- ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 ciency levels, both part load and full load, in accordance with 6.4 and 7.4. (c) Where efficiency ratings, such as EER and COP, include fan energy, the descriptor shall be broken down into its components so that supply fan energy can be modeled separately. Supply and retum/relief system fans shall be modeled as operating at least whenever the spaces served are occupied except as specifically noted in Table 11.3.2A. (d) Minimum outdoor air ventilation rates shall be the same for both the budget building design and proposed build- ing. Heat recovery shall be modeled for the budget build- ing design in accordance with 6.5.6.1. (e) Budget building systems as listed in Table 11.3.2A shall have outdoor air economizers or water economizers, the same as in the proposed building, in accordance with 6.5.1. The high -limit shutoff shall be in accordance with Table 11.3.2D. (f) If the proposed design system has a preheat coil, the bud- get building design's system shall be modeled with a pre- heat coil controlled in the same manner. (g) System design supply air rates for the budget building design shall be based on a supply -air -to -room -air temper- ature difference of 207. If return or relief fans are speci- fied in the proposed design, the budget building design shall also be modeled with the same fan type sized for the budget system supply fan air quantity less the minimum outdoor air, or 90% of the supply fan air quantity, which- ever is larger. (h) Fan system efficiency (BHP per cfm of supply air includ- ing the effect of belt losses but excluding motor and motor drive losses) shall be the same as the proposed design or up to the limit prescribed in 6.5.3.1, whichever is smaller. If this limit is reached, each fan shall be pro- portionally reduced in brake horsepower until the limit is met. Fan electrical power shall then be determined by adjusting the calculated fan HP by the minimum motor efficiency prescribed by 10.4 for the appropriate motor size for each fan. (i) The equipment capacities for the budget building design shall be sized proportionally to the capacities in the pro- posed design based on sizing runs; i.e., the ratio between the capacities used in the annual simulations and the capacities determined by the sizing runs shall be the same for both the proposed design and budget building design. Unmet load hours for the proposed design shall not differ from unmet load hours for the budget building design by more than 50 hours. (j) Each HVAC system in a proposed design is mapped on a one-to-one correspondence with one of eleven HVAC sys- tems in the budget building design. To determine the bud- get building system: 69 TABLE 11.3.1 Modeling Requirements for Calculating Design Energy Cost and Energy Cost Budget Proposed Building Design (Column A) Budget Building Design (Column B) No. Design Energy Cost (DEC) Energy Cost Budget (ECB) 1. Design Model (a) The simulation model of the proposed design shall be consistent with the design documents, including proper accounting of fenestration and opaque envelope types and area; interior lighting power and controls; HVAC system types, sizes, and controls; and service water heating systems and controls. (b) All conditioned spaces in the proposed design shall be simulated as being both heated and cooled even if no cooling or heating system is being installed. (c) When the energy cost budget method is applied to buildings in which energy-related features have not yet been designed (e.g., a lighting system), those yet -to -be -designed features shall be described in the proposed design so that they minimally comply with applicable mandatory and prescriptive requirements from Sections 5 through 10. Where the space classification for a building is not known, the building shall be categorized as an office building. 2. Additions and Alterations The budget building design shall be developed by modifying the proposed design as described in this table. Except as specifically instructed in this table, all building systems and equipment shall be modeled identically in the budget building design and pro- posed design. It is acceptable to demonstrate compliance using building models that Same as Proposed Design exclude parts of the existing building provided all of the following conditions are met: (a) Work to be performed under the current permit application in excluded parts of the building shall meet the requirements of Sections 5 through 10. (b) Excluded parts of the building are served by HVAC systems that are entirely separate from those serving parts of the building that are included in the building model. (c) Design space temperature and HVAC system operating setpoints and schedules, on either side of the boundary between included and excluded parts of the building, are identical. (d) If a declining block or similar utility rate is being used in the analysis and the excluded and included parts of the building are on the same utility meter, the rate shall reflect the utility block or rate for the building plus the addition. 3. Space Use Classification The building type or space type classifications shall be chosen in accordance Same as Proposed Design with 9.5.1 or 9.6.1. The user or designer shall specify the space use classifica- tions using either the building type or space type categories but shall not com- bine the two types of categories within a single permit application. More than one building type category may be used in a building if it is a mixed-use facil- 4. Schedules The schedule types listed in 11.2.1.1 (b) shall be required input. The sched- (Same as Proposed Design ules shall be typical of the proposed building type as determined by the designer and approved by the authority havingjurisdiction. Required sched- ules shall be identical for the proposed design and budget building design. 70 ANSIIASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Table 11.3.1 (continued) Modeling Requirements for Calculating Design Energy Cost and Energy Cost Budget Proposed Building Design (Column A) Budget Building Design (Column B) 1 No. Design Energy Cost (DEC) Energy Cost Budget (ECB) 5. Building Envelope All components of the building envelope in the proposed design shall be modeled as shown on architectural drawings or as installed for existing build- ing envelopes. Exceptions: The following building elements are permitted to differ from architectural drawings. (a) Any envelope assembly that covers less than 5% of the total area of that assembly type (e.g., exterior walls) need not be separately described. If not separately described, the area of an envelope assembly must be added to the area of the adjacent assembly of that same type. (b) Exterior surfaces whose azimuth orientation and tilt differ by no more than 45 degrees and are otherwise the same may be described as either a sin- gle surface or by using multipliers. (c) For exterior roofs other than roofs with ventilated attics, the roof surface may be modeled with a reflectance of 0.45 if the reflectance of the proposed design roof is greater than 0.70 and its emittance is greater than 0.75. The reflectance and emittance shall be tested in accordance with the Exception to 5.5.3.1. All other roof surfaces shall be modeled with a reflectance of 0.3. Manually operated fenestration shading devices such as blinds or shades shall not be modeled. Permanent shading devices such as fins, overhangs, and light shelves shall be modeled. (d) Manually operated fenestration shading devices such as blinds or shades shall not be modeled. Permanent shading devices such as fins, overhangs, and lightshelves shall be modeled. 6. The budget building design shall have identical con- ditioned floor area and identical exterior dimensions and orientations as the proposed design, except as noted in (a), (b), and (c) in this clause. (a) Opaque assemblies such as roof, floors, doors, and walls shall be modeled as having the same heat capacity as the proposed design but with the mini- mum U -factor required in 5.5 for new buildings or additions and 5.1.3 for alterations. (b) Roof albedo—All roof surfaces shall be modeled with a reflectivity of 0.3. (c) Fenestration—No shading projections are to be modeled; fenestration shall be assumed to be flush with the exterior wall or roof. If the fenestration area for new buildings or additions exceeds the maximum allowed by 5.5.4.2, the area shall be reduced propor- tionally along each exposure until the limit set in 5.5.4.2 is met. Fenestration U -factor shall be the minimum required for the climate, and the solar heat gain coefficient shall be the maximum allowed for the climate and orientation. The fenestration model for envelope alterations shall reflect the limitations on area, U -factor, and solar heat gain coefficient as described in 5.1.3. When trade-offs are made between an and an existing building as described in Exception to 4.2.1.2, the envelope assumptions for the existing building in the budget building design shall reflect existing conditions prior to any revisions that are part of this permit. Lighting power in the proposed design shall be determined as follows: Lighting power in the budget building design shall be (a) Where a complete lighting system exists, the actual lighting power shall determined using the same categorization procedure be used in the model. (building area or space function) and categories as (b) Where a lighting system has been designed, lighting power shall be deter- the proposed design with lighting power set equal to mined in accordance with either 9.5 or 9.6. the maximum allowed for the corresponding method (c) Where no lighting exists or is specified, lighting power shall be deter- and category in either 9.5 or 9.6. Power for fixtures mined in accordance with the Building Area Method for the appropriate not included in the lighting power density calculation building type. shall be modeled identically in the proposed design (d) Lighting system power shall include all lighting system components and budget building design. Lighting controls shall shown or provided for on plans (including lamps, ballasts, task fixtures, and be the minimum required. firmimre-mounted fixtures). 7. Thermal Blocks — HVAC Zones Designed Where HVAC zones are defined on HVAC design drawings, each HVAC zone shall be modeled as a separate thermal block. Exception: Different HVAC zones may be combined to create a single ther- mal block or identical thermal blocks to which multipliers are applied pro- vided all of the following conditions are met: (a) The space use classification is the same throughout the thermal block. (b) All HVAC zones in the thermal block that are adjacent to glazed exterior walls face the same orientation or their orientations are within 45 degrees of l' each other. (c) All of the zones are served by the same HVAC system or by the same kind of HVAC system. Same as Proposed Design ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 71 Table 11.3.1 (continued) Modeling Requirements for Calculating Design Energy Cost and Energy Cost Budget Proposed Building Design (Column A) Budget Building Design (Column B) (, No. Design Energy Cost (DEC) Energy Cost Budget (ECB) 8. Thermal Blocks — HVAC Zones Not Designed Where the HVAC zones and systems have not yet been designed, thermal Same as Proposed Design blocks shall be defined based on similar internal load densities, occupancy, lighting, thermal and space temperature schedules, and in combination with the following guidelines: (a) Separate thermal blocks shall be assumed for interior and perimeter spaces. Interior spaces shall be those located more than 15 ft from an exterior wall. Perimeter spaces shall be those located closer than 15 ft from an exte- rior wall. (b) Separate thermal blocks shall be assumed for spaces adjacent to glazed exterior walls; a separate zone shall be provided for each orientation, except orientations that differ by no more than 45 degrees may be considered to be the same orientation. Each zone shall include all floor area that is 15 ft or less from a glazed perimeter wall, except that floor area within 15 ft of glazed perimeter walls having more than one orientation shall be divided proportion- ately between zones. (c) Separate thermal blocks shall be assumed for spaces having floors that are in contact with the ground or exposed to ambient conditions from zones that do not share these features. (d) Separate thermal blocks shall be assumed for spaces having exterior ceil- hut or roof assemblies from zones that do not share these features. 9. Thermal Blocks - Multifamily Residential Buildings Residential spaces shall be modeled using one thermal block per space except Same as Proposed Design that those facing the same orientations may be combined into one thermal block. Comer units and units with roof or floor loads shall only be combined with units sharing these features. 10. HVAC Systems The HVAC system type and all related performance parameters, such as The HVAC system type and related performance equipment capacities and efficiencies, in the proposed design shall be deter- parameters for the budget building design shall be mined as follows: determined from figure 11.3.2, the system descrip- (a) Where a complete HVAC system exists, the model shall reflect the actual tions in Table 11.3.2A and accompanying notes, and system type using actual component capacities and efficiencies. in accord with rules specified in 11.3.2 a -j. (b) Where an HVAC system has been designed, the HVAC model shall be consistent with design documents. Mechanical equipment efficiencies shall be adjusted from actual design conditions to the standard rating conditions specified in 6.4.1, if required by the simulation model. (c) Where no heating system exists or no heating system has been specified, the heating system shall be modeled as fossil fuel. The system characteristics shall be identical to the system modeled in the budget building design. (d) Where no cooling system exists or no cooling system has been specified, the cooling system shall be modeled as an air-cooled single -zone system, one unit per thermal block. The system characteristics shall be identical to the system modeled in the budget building design. 72 ANSI/ASHRAEIIESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Table 11.3.1 (continued) Modeling Requirements for Calculating Design Energy Cost and Energy Cost Budget Proposed Building Design (Column A) Budget Building Design (Column B) No. Design Energy Cost (DEC) Energy Cost Budget (ECB) 11. Service Hot Water Systems The service hot water system type and all related performance parameters, The service hot water system type and related perfor- such as equipment capacities and efficiencies, in the proposed design shall be mance in the budget building design shall be identi- determined as follows: cal to the proposed design except where 7.5 applies. (a) Where a complete service hot water system exists, the model shall reflect In this case the boiler shall be split into a separate the actual system type using actual component capacities and efficiencies. space heating boiler and hot water heater with efi- (b) Where a service hot water system has been designed, the service hot ciency requirements set to the least efficient allowed. water model shall be consistent with design documents. (c) Where no service hot water system exists or is specified, no service hot water heating shall be modeled. _ 12. Miscellaneous Loads Receptacle, motor, and process loads shall be modeled and estimated based on the building type or space type category and shall be assumed to be identi- cal in the proposed and budget building design. These loads shall be included in simulations of the building and shall be included when calculating the energy cost budget and design energy cost. All end-use load components within and associated with the building shall be modeled, unless specifically excluded by Sections 13 and 14 of Table 11.3.1: including, but not limited to, exhaust fans, puking garage ventilation fans, exterior building lighting, swimming pool heaters and pumps, elevators and escalators, refrigeration equipment, and cooking equipment. Receptacle, motor and process loads shall be mod- eled and estimated based on the building type or space type category and shall be assumed to be iden- tical in the proposed and budget building design. These loads shall be included in simulations of the building and shall be included when calculating the energy cost budget and design energy cost. All end - ase load components within and associated with the building shall be modeled, unless specifically excluded by Sections 13 and 14 of Table 11.3.1: including, but not limited to, exhaust fans, parking garage ventilation fans, exterior building lighting, swimming pool heaters and pumps, elevators and escalators, refrigeration equipment, and cooking 13. Modeling Exceptions All elements of the proposed design envelope, MVAC, service water heating, None lighting, and electrical systems shall be modeled in the proposed design in accordance with the requirements of Sections 1 through 12 of Table 11.3.1. Exception: Components and systems in the proposed design may be excluded from the simulation model provided: (a) component energy usage does not affect the energy usage of systems and components that are being considered for trade-off, (b) the applicable prescriptive requirements of 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and either 9.5 or 9.6 applying to the excluded components are met. 14. Modeling Limitations to the Simulation Program If the simulation program cannot model a component or system included in Same as Proposed Design the proposed design, one of the following methods shall be used with the approval of the authority having jurisdiction: (a) Ignore the component if the energy impact on the trade-offs being consid- ered is not significant. (b) Model the component substituting a thermodynamically similar compo- nent model. (c) Model the HVAC system components or systems using the budget build- ing design's HVAC system in accordance with Section 10 of Table 11.3.1. Whichever method is selected, the component shall be modeled identically for both the proposed design and budget building design models. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 73 `�- Condenser Cooling Source Budget System Ty e Single ZoneI I Single Zone Non- I I All Other Residential Svstem Residential Svstcm Electric Res. Systcm 8 System 9 System 3 Air/None Heat Pump YS C111 S System 9 System3 Fossil Purl System 10 System I I System 4 Figure 11.3.2 HVAC systems map. Enter Figure 11.3.2 at "Water" if the proposed design system condenser is water or evaporatively cooled; enter at "Air" if the condenser is air-cooled. Closed-circuit dry - coolers shall be considered air-cooled. Systems utilizing district cooling shall be treated as if the condenser water type were "water." If no mechanical cooling is specified or the mechanical cooling system in the proposed design does not require heat rejection, the system shall be treated as if the condenser water type were "Air." For proposed designs with ground -source or groundwater -source heat pumps, the budget system shall be water -source heat pump (System 6). 2. Select the path that corresponds to the proposed design heat source: electric resistance, heat pump (including air -source and water -source), or fuel -fired. Systems utilizing district heating (steam or hot water) shall be treated as if the heating system type were "Fossil Fuel." Systems with no heating capability shall be treated as if the heating system type were 74 "Fossil Fuel." For systems with mixed fuel heating sources, the system or systems that use the secondary heating source type (the one with the smallest total installed output capac- ity for the spaces served by the system) shall be modeled identically in the budget building design and the primary heating source type shall be used in Figure 11.3.2 to deter- mine budget system type. 3. Select the budget building design system category: The system under "Single Zone Residential System" shall be selected if the FFVAC system in the proposed design is a single -zone system and serves a residential space. The system under "Single Zone Nonresidential System" shall be selected if the HVAC system in the proposed design is a single -zone system and serves other than residential spaces. The system under "All Other" shall be selected for all other cases. ANSI/ASHRAF,/EESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 Electric Res System 5 S stem System l Water/Ground Heat Pum t Systcm 6 System 6 System 6 Fossil Fuel Systcm 7 System 7 System 2 Electric Res. Systcm 8 System 9 System 3 Air/None Heat Pump YS C111 S System 9 System3 Fossil Purl System 10 System I I System 4 Figure 11.3.2 HVAC systems map. Enter Figure 11.3.2 at "Water" if the proposed design system condenser is water or evaporatively cooled; enter at "Air" if the condenser is air-cooled. Closed-circuit dry - coolers shall be considered air-cooled. Systems utilizing district cooling shall be treated as if the condenser water type were "water." If no mechanical cooling is specified or the mechanical cooling system in the proposed design does not require heat rejection, the system shall be treated as if the condenser water type were "Air." For proposed designs with ground -source or groundwater -source heat pumps, the budget system shall be water -source heat pump (System 6). 2. Select the path that corresponds to the proposed design heat source: electric resistance, heat pump (including air -source and water -source), or fuel -fired. Systems utilizing district heating (steam or hot water) shall be treated as if the heating system type were "Fossil Fuel." Systems with no heating capability shall be treated as if the heating system type were 74 "Fossil Fuel." For systems with mixed fuel heating sources, the system or systems that use the secondary heating source type (the one with the smallest total installed output capac- ity for the spaces served by the system) shall be modeled identically in the budget building design and the primary heating source type shall be used in Figure 11.3.2 to deter- mine budget system type. 3. Select the budget building design system category: The system under "Single Zone Residential System" shall be selected if the FFVAC system in the proposed design is a single -zone system and serves a residential space. The system under "Single Zone Nonresidential System" shall be selected if the HVAC system in the proposed design is a single -zone system and serves other than residential spaces. The system under "All Other" shall be selected for all other cases. ANSI/ASHRAF,/EESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 11" TABLE 11.3.2A Budget System Descriptions System No. System Type Fan Control Cooling Type Heating Type 1 Variable air volume with parallel fan -powered boxes (1) VAV (4) Chilled Water (5) Electric Resistance 2 Variable air volume with reheat (2) VAV (4) Chilled Water (5) Hot Water Fossil Fuel Boiler (6) 3 Packaged variable air volume with parallel fan -powered boxes (1) VAV (4) Direct Expansion (3) Electric Resistance 4 Packaged variable air volume with reheat (2) VAV (4) Direct Expansion (3) Hot Water Fossil Fuel Boiler (6) 5 Two -pipe fan -coil Constant Volume (9) Chilled Water (5) Electric Resistance 6 Water -source heat pump Constant Volume (9) Direct Expansion (3) Electric Heat Pump and Boiler (7) 7 Four -pipe fan coil Constant Volume (9) Chilled Water (5) Hot Water Fossil Fuel Boiler (6) 8 Packaged terminal heat pump Constant Volume (9) Direct Expansion (3) Electric Heat Pump (8) 9 Packaged rooftop heat pump Constant Volume (9) Direct Expansion (3) Electric Heat Pump (8) 10 Packaged terminal air conditioner Constant Volume (9) Direct Expansion Hot Water Fossil Fuel Boiler (6) 11 Packaged rooftop air conditioner Constant Volmne (9) Direct Expansion Fossil Fuel Furnace Notes: 1. VAV with parallel boxes: Fans in parallel VAV fan -powered boxes shall be sized for 50% ofthe peak design flow rate and shall be modeled with 0.35 W/cfm fan power. Minimum volume setpoints for fan -powered boxes shall be equal to the minimum rate for the space required for ventilation consistent with 6.5.2.1 Exception (a) 1. Supply air temperature setpoint shall be constant at the design condition (see 11.3.2 (h)). 2. VAV with reheat•. Minimum volume setpoints for VAV reheat boxes shall be 0.4 cfm/ft of four area consistent with 6.5.2.1 Exception (a) 2. Supply airtemper- anrre shall be reset based on zone demand from the design temperature difference to a 10°F temperature difference under minimum load conditions. Design air flow rates shall be sized for the reset supply air temperature, i.e., a 10°F temperature difference. 3. Direct Expansion: The fuel type for the cooling system shall match that ofthe cooling system in the proposed design. 4. VAV: Constant volume can be modeled ifthe system qualifies for Exception (b) to 6.5.2.1. When the proposed design system has a supply, return, or relief fan motor 25 hp or larger, the corresponding fan in the VAV system ofthe budget building design shall be modeled assuming a variable speed drive. For smaller fans, a forward -curved centrifugal fan with inlet vanes shall be modeled. If the proposed design's system has a direct digital control system at the zone level, static pressure setpoint reset based on zone requirements in accordance with 6.5.3.2.3 shall be modeled. 5. Chilled Water: For systems using purchased chilled water, the chillers are not explicitly modeled and chilled water costs shall be based as determined in 11.2.3. Otherwise, the budget building design's chiller plant shall be modeled with chillers having the number as indicated in Table 11.3.2B as a function ofbudgetbuild- ing chiller plant load and type as indicated in Table 11.3.2C as a function of individual chiller load. Where chiller fuel source is mixed, the system in the budget building design shall have chillers with the same fuel types and with capacities having the same proportional capacity as the proposed design's chillers for each fuel type. Chilled water supply temperature shall be modeled at 44°F design supply temperature and 56°F rerun temperature. Piping losses shall not be modeled in either building model. Chilled water supply water temperature shall be reset in accordance with 6.5.4.3. Pump system power for each pumping system shall be the same as the proposed design; if the proposed design has no chilled water pumps, the budget building design pump power shall be 22 W/gpm (equal to a pump operating against a 75 It head, 65% combined impeller and motor efficiency). The chilled water system shall be modeled as primary -only variable flow with flow maintained at the design rare through each chiller using a bypass. Chilled water pumps shall be modeled as riding the pump curve or with variable - speed drives when required in 6.5.4.1. The heat rejection device shall be an axial fan cooling tower with two -speed fans if required in 6.5.5. Condenser water design supply temperature shall be 85°F or IWE approach to design wet -bulb temperature, whichever is lower, with a design temperature rise of IWE The tower shall be controlled to maintain a 70°F leaving water temperature where weather permits, floating up to leaving water temperature at design conditions. Pump system power for each pumping system shall be the same as theproposed design; iftheproposed design has no condenserwater pumps, the budget building design pump power shall be 19 W/gpm (equal to a pump operating against a 60 it head, 60% combined impeller and motor efficiency). Each chiller shall be modeled with separate condenser water and chilled water pumps interlocked to operate with the associated chiller. 6. Fossil Fuel Boiler: For systems using purchased hot water or steam, the boilers are not explicitly modeled and hot water or steam costs shall be based on actual utility rates. Otherwise, the boiler plant shall use the same fuel as the proposed design and shall be natural draft The budget building design boiler plant shall be modeled with a single boiler ifthe budget building design plant load is 600,000 Btulh and less and with two equally sized boilers for plant capacities exceeding 600,000 But/h. Boilers shall be staged as required by the load. Hot water supply temperature shall be modeled at 180°F design supply temperature and 130°F return temperature. Piping losses shall not be modeled in either building model. Hot water supply water temperature shall be reset in accordance with 6.5.4.3. Pump system power for each pumping system shall be the same as theprnposeddesign; ifthepmposeddesign has no hot water pumps, the budget building design pump power shall be 19 W/gpm (equal to a pump operating against a 60 ft bead, 60% combined impeller and motor efficiency). The hot water system shall be modeled as primary -only with continuous variable flow. Hot waterpurmps shall be modeled as riding the pump curve or with variable speed drives when required by 6.5.4.1. 7. Electric Heat Pump and Boiler: Water -source heat pumps shall be connected to a common heatpump water loop controlledto maintain temperatures between 60°F and 90°F. Heat rejection from the loop shall be provided by an axial fan closed-circuit evaporative fluid cooler with two -speed fans ifrequired in 6.55.2. Heat addition to the loop shall be provided by a boiler that uses the same fuel as the proposed design and shall be natural draft. If no boilers exist in the proposed design, the budget building boilers shall be fossil fuel. The budget building design boderplant shall be modeled with a single boiler ifthe budget building design plant load is 600,000 Btulh or less and with two equally sized boilers for plant capacities exceeding 600,000 Bta/h. Boilers shall be staged as required by the load. Piping losses shall not be modeled in either building model. Pump system power shall be the same as the proposed design; if the proposed design has no pumps, the budget building design pump power shall be 22 W/gpm, which is equal to a pump operating against a 75 foot head, with a 65% combined impeller and motor efficiency. Loop flow shall be variable with flow shutoff at each heat pump when its compressor cycles off as required by 6.5.4.4. Loop pumps shall be modeled as riding the pump curve or with variable speed drives when required by 6.5.4.1. 8. Electric Heat Pump: Electric air -source heat pumps shall be modeled with electric auxiliary heat. The system shall be controlled with a multi -stage space ther- mostat and an outdoor air thermostat wired to energize auxiliary heat only on the last thermostat stage and when outdoor air temperature is less than 40°F. 9. Constant Volume: Fans shall be controlled in the same manner as in the proposed design; i.e., fan operation whenever the space is occupied or fan operation cycled on calls for heating and cooling. Ifthe fan is modeled as cycling and the fan energy is included in the energy efficiency rating ofthe equipment, fan energy shall not be modeled explicitly. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004 75 TABLE 11.3.26 Number of Chillers Total Chiller Plant Capacity Number of Chillers <_300 tons 1 >300 tons, < 600 tons 2 sized equally >_600 tons 2 minimum with chillers added so that no chiller is larger than 800 tons, all sized equally TABLE 11.3.2C Water Chiller Types TABLE 11.3.2D Economizer High -Limit Shutoff Economizer Type Electric Air Individual Chiller Chiller When its operation will no longer Reduce HVAC system energy Plant Capacity Type Fossil Fuel Chiller Type <_I00 tons Reciprocal- Single -effect absorption, ing direct fired >100 tons, <300 tons Screw Double -effect absorption, direct fired >_300 tons Centrifugal Double -effect absorption, direct fired TABLE 11.3.2D Economizer High -Limit Shutoff Economizer Type High -Limit Shutoff Air Table 6.5.1.1.3B Water (Integrated) When its operation will no longer Reduce HVAC system energy Water (Non -Integrated) When its operation can no longer pro- vide the cooling load 76 ANSUASHRAE/IESNA STANDARD 90.1-2004