HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0883.011 2006-2008
Jan 08 08 08:09a SeaPics.corn 808-329-6659 P.1
NEW
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*ASSOCIATION
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January 6, 2008
Bob Jacobson,
Chair Environmental Mgt. Committee and Committee Members
Hawaii County Council
counciltestimony@co.hawaii.hi.u:; Fax 90-8912
Honored Council Members:
The Kona Coffee Farmers Association (KCFA) thanks you for hearing Resolution 463-08 on genetically modified
coffee, and urges you to pass this Resolution. Below are some key points, and attached are the KCFA GMO
Position Statement and Rationale.
**If GMO coffee were to he grown in Hawaii County, there will be cross- pollination and corimmination of our
valuable heirloom crop. The coffee-growing industry is one of Hawaii's most successful, and needs this protection.
**As was demonstrated by the rice industry, GMO field trials can cause pervasive contamination. By way of
dramatic example, in August of 2006 it came to the attention of the USDA and to rice growers in six states, mos rJy
in Arkansas and Missouri, that conventional long grain rice had been contaminated with a GMO variety,
LLRICE601. The rice farmers have lost their export markets in Japan and Fauope. Rice futures have plummeted,
creating class action lawsuits pending against Bayer Crop Science, the patent holder. The California Rice
Commission voted on March IS, 2007, to put in place a moratorium on field trials of GMO rice in California. 7'h is
move was intended to protect California's valuable rice crop.
**As demonstrated by the rice example, field trials can cause pervasive contamination. If Hawaiian coffee:,
become contaminated with GMO genes, they would not continue to be viewed as specialty coffees on the world
market and would not continue to command premium prices. (SCAA Position on GMO coffees)
**Japanese and European authorities are well aware that when GMO field trials occur in a region, GMO
contamination is highly likely. Feld trials in Hawaii County would create the perception of ON40 contamination
and, before export to Japan and Europe, Hawaiian coffees would need to be tested for GMO genes.
*In February 2007, John Stiles of Integrated Coffee Technologies, testified that he has GMO cuffec trees read,-or
field trials in Hawaii in 12 to 18 months. This information, and the fact that HDOA has given no assurance that
there will not be field trials of GMO coffee in Hawaii County, gives urgency to the need for enacting protection
We appreciate your support for Beg Island agriculture. Please pass Resolution 463-08.
Sincerely yours
pig` ltY"4V/•'!
Kenneth Sheppard
President - Kona Coffee Farmers Association
loan. No. V o n
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assoristtort
POSITION ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED COFFEE STOCK
WHEREAS, coffee has been grown continuously in the districts of North and South Kona for over one
hundred and seventy years and is acknowledged to be one of the highest quality coffees in the world smd
the " Guatemalan" cultivar, also referred to as Kona typica, is the predominant variety grown;
WHEREAS, the close to two century-long heritage of Kona coffee has produced a unified community
uniquely rich in history and culture unlike anywhere in the world; and
WHEREAS, Kona Coffee today provides an enormous economic contribution to the County of Hawaii
and the State of Hawaii, generating approximate yields of 3 million pounds of green coffee annually with
an estimated income at the farm gate in excess of fifteen million dollars, and a much hipiier vat u~ A ;
wholesale and retail levels, supplemented by an increasi;,g amour t ^:r
WHEREAS, the high farm gate value enjoyed by Kona coffee growers and the expwidiu~- "niclie u:.u:ci"
established by the Kona coffee industry merits thoughtful, respectful, and protective attcnrion f-
responsible federal and state agencies, and private entrepreneurial interests involved in the development
of biotechnology; and
WHEREAS, although coffee is primarily self pollinated, since it may be cross pollinated approximaceiy
10% of the time, non-genetically modified coffee in neighboring orchards could bcccrn,c ;x+i'inax:i
genetically modified (GM) pollen;
WHEREAS , organic coffee is an expanding high value "niche" crop within the Komi Coffee industo, and
organic coffee must contain no trace of GM interference and organic coffee farmers would not be a{fie to
prove non-contamination from GM plantings in the region except at high cost for special DNA tests; and
WHEREAS, the Specialty Coffee Association of America has stated that a genetically modified coffee is
not consistent with their definition of quality; and
,e:ayed acceptance or non-acceptance of aeneticaily modified coffee and sorr,e of i-er
c :;rnpean Union nations, as well as the fact that several states of the United Stat?s are
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GMO Position (page 2)
WHEREAS, while it is recognized that the Kona Coffee Farmers Association has no regulatory auth 19ty
nor scientific competence to regulate the release and development of GM crops, the KCFA may
legitimately respond to the concerns of farmers and others with a stake in the future of Kona's gounmul
coffee industry, and may further express such concerns to those agencies and institutions responsible for
the development, permitting, oversight and regulation of GM crops.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE KONA COFFEE FARMERS ASSOCIATION, liar
the Kona Coffee Farmers Association opposes the introduction of genetically modified coffee pi,.nm
the state of Hawaii and requests the following:
I_ A moratorium on the release of genetically modified coffee plants into the state of iiawaii until a
regulatory regime has been adopted that includes extensive evaluation of genetic con;:unira^
pollen drift and other environmental consequences and secondary ecological effects.
2. A statute, regulation, and/or rule that liability for any external costs to individuals and the environment
caused by physical spillover effects, such as genetic contamination from pollen drift must be borne b} the
growers, manufacturers and distributors of genetically engineered plants.
3. In conjunction with the establishment of an adequate regulatory regime as outlined i n item (I ) abo vc, a
requirement that genetically modified plantings to be explicitly labeled as such, and neighboring
properties notified--the costs of such labeling and notification to be borne by the owner or lessee of the
planted land.
4. A requirement that any coffee produced from genetically modified plants to be explicitly labeled .l;
such at every stage of its production through to sale to provide adequate information to pr; •co~sOr:, a,;.'
consumers--the costs of such labeling and verification to be borne by the growers and ;processors of the
genetically modified coffee.
Ken Sheppard - President
January 2007
RATIONALE BEHIND OUR POSITION
Will GM Coffee grown in Hawaii affect Kona orchards? Yes, here's wvhv..-
• The APHIS database (publicly available on the web) lists three projects of tescnK t'ti. A t;-xsc,
ri nlamc g, I
. h..b...u ui ere d1.stmyedm Decem[xr _Utx1- Icufay Cl-AFI<doec nn[ll;lve
`I, U.. In auc ti Oil tJ tIhCzC. tilei2 rill
^s:-.~nrn: a:: iao rtnr.a by lntaarains t'rtrPr':': ~6nn3noi.^c :::'1:: 14a1 rtn nrt a to h:
• Dr Bittenbender of UH reported to the HCA "if the current coffee genetic engineering program on nernai c,&
resistance advances to field testing then CfAHR and for HARC may request a permit to test in a nematode
-la 'fL Kona coffee industry does not need to be consulted or notified when these f id I
Z1 %7 1 .
and they too have no strueteae in place to
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• Cross-pollination can take place between GM crops and non-GM. Although coffee is considered self fertile,
it does in fact cross-pollinate. The research on the subject lists studies with percentages from 3 to 93`,0. Dr
Birlenbender uses a figure of between 9-16%.
• How far does cross-pollination occur? No one knows for certain. When they did the papaya experiments they
used a safety zone of a quarter of a mile. Yet Kona bees (Kona Queen Bee) have a range of 2 miles minimum
up to 8 miles.
• If cross-pollination occurs, the crop will have a GM element. If the farmer uses those beans to grow rim
trees, he will be growing a GM hybrid. Even if only the rootstock is GM (with grafted scions of non-GM
coffee), if neglected, it could grow from the rootstock portion to become a pollinator. And the crop proda::ed
from GM rootstock grafted with rton-GM-coffee would be considered a GM crop.
What will happen to the organic farms - how will they prove no GM contamination in order to keep their
organic certification. How will non-organic farms know if neighboring orchards contain GM snack that may
be cross-pollinating with their orchard.
CONCIA SION: Yes it WI LL affect our orchards - no-one can yet predict with accuracy to e'f at degtec. Bu: it
any is planted in Hawaii Inland. a GM element will have been introduced which we will not be able to eliminate If
any is planted in Hawaii Statc there are no safeguards or agricultural inspections in place io stop plants. SeLds. c.
bees mtrchrw between the islands. This becomes even more dangerous with the a6ent of the SuperFe,t} allm, r
ease of travel for bees and large consignments of plants.
Can a GM Kona Coffee be marketed like normal Kona Coffee? No, here's why.
• A large and increasing segment of the market will not purchase GM foods, or foods with a GM history
anywhere in its origin. More than 35 countries, including Japan, have laws in place or planned which req.tire
the mandatory labeling of food containing GM ingredients, or else laws which restrict the import of CM
foods,
• The European Parliament has mandated labeling requirements for genetically modified foods, lowerin g the
threshold to one-half of one percent and declaring zero tolerance for conventional food ecotaining GAI
ingredients.
• Major polls conducted by Rutgers University and ABC News both found that 90% of American consumer ;
support GM labeling.
• Oregon successfully gathered enough signmures to place mandatory labeling of GM food, on the ballot.
Campaigners have vowed to place similar measures on the ballot in a dozen states, including Colorado,
Washington, and California
• The Specialty Coffee Association of America does not consider GM coffee a "specialty coffee" so GM Kona
would no longer have that status.
• Kona Coffee is considered one of the worlds best coffees and sells for the highest price- It is unlikely that
consumers would pay a gourmet price for a GM product. One of our marketing points is our 200 year
heritage trees. GM trees would not have that cachet
CONCLUSION[ (i M Kona Cut fee will have to he sold at a much reduced price clue to several f:_ctor;. r),, burs r
considered a "'oarmet product: hugely diminished world market that will accept it resulting in a.=tut io those
markets stiff open to it: strin_enl labeling requirements may make consumers reject it.
OVERALL, the Kona Coffee Farmers Association believes that ANY introduction of GM plantings
into Hawaii will cause Kona coffees price to fall sharply, and 650 fanners will Iose their ability to
maintain their coffee business. This situation will eatist until such time as the worldwide market.
accepts GM foods, and Kona coffee farmers cannot afford to be the test case for tl'nis.