HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 1210.014 2006-2008
Page 1 of 1
Murashige, Laura
From: Park Haney [park.haney@us.army. mi1]
Sent: Friday, May 16, 2008 7:26 AM ~
To: counciltestimony@co.hawaii.hi.us f + x
Cc: howard.killian@us.army.mil!
Subject: Army Testimony/Comments re Resolution 639-08 ~vm•~-i . / 2-1 0)
Attachments: HI County DU Ltr.pdf; Ltr to HI CO Council 13 MAY 08.pdf; RES 639-08.doc; DU Update 21
FEB 08.pdf; Final Schofield Makua Pohakuloa Scoping Surveys Tech Memo.pdf
Attached are the US Army's comments regarding Resolution 639-08 and background information on the Army's
efforts to date to address depleted uranium (DU) on its ranges in Hawaii.
Thank you for the opportunity to comment.
Park Haney
Army Regional Environmental Coordinator-Region 9
The Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army
(Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health)
721 19th St., Rm. 427
Denver, CO 80202
Tel # 303-844-0957
Fax# 303-844-0951
Gorrm W. 1110-
Ref. To`
Ref. Dc"e. IIAY 2 0 2008
5/16/2008
DEPARTMENT of THE ARMY.
OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY
INSTALLATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT
WESTERN REGIONAL ENVIFtONMENTAL OFFICE'.
72119 TH STAE,V, IjoOM 427
DENVER, CO 802M
13 May 2008,
Western Regional Environmental Office
Chair, '{ate Hoffmann
Hawa.i;i County Council
Hawaii County Building
25 Aupuni Street
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Re Resolution 639-08
Dear Chairman Hoffmann:
I am the, Chief of the Army's Westem Regional Environmental Office. In this capacity, my
staff and I have often worked well with the states in Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9,
including Hawaii, to exchange information on environmental topics, to coordinate related
projects and initiatives, to avoid conflicts where possible, and to help resolve issues of
encroachment on the military mission.
Proposed County Resolution 639-08 urges the United States military to address the hazards
of depleted uranium at the Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA). The United States Army currently
has a four-point plan to address depleted uranium (DU) discovered on Army ranges in Hawaii.
The plan includes partnering with Hawai'i Department of Health (DOH) to plan and execute, an
extensive survey and monitoring effort.
The Array would like the opportunity to brief `the Council on the status of the Army's DU
survey/monitoring efforts prior to the vote on Resolution 639-08. In addition, please find
enclosed a letter from Col Killian, Deputy Director, U. S. Army Installation Management
Command, Pa,cifie, providing details of the Army's past and current efforts to address DU at
PTA, as well as, proposed edits to Resolution 639-08.
Thank you for the opportunity to provide comments. Please be sired that the protection of
the public and the environmenthave the highest priority within the United States Army. The
point of contact for this office is Park Haney, who may be ruched at (303) 544-0957.
Sincerely,
Gerald 1^, Owens
Chief, Western Regional
Environmental (mice
Enc.
-2-
6 - Health risk assessment is published.
7 - NRC issues permit and addresses measure to mitigate the hazards identified
in the risk assessment to include possible remediation.
The Army did not intentionally mislead the public when we made public
statements that we had not used DU in Hawaii as part of the Stryker Environmental
Impact Statement. The M101 round was a spotting round used from 1962 to 1968 as
part of the Davy Crockett recoilless rifle. We had focused on modern, kinetic energy,
armor penetrating ammunition because we perceived this to be the source of public
concern. The Davy Crockett was a classified, tactical nuclear weapon and the records
for this system were transferred to the mainland when the weapon was removed from
the inventory. We discovered pieces of the Davy Crockett as we conducted range
clearance of the Schofield Barracks impact area. A subsequent archival research study
led us to the discovery of the M101 at PTA.
The M101 spotting round was not an armor piercing penetrator and was not
designed to burn. Where it impacted the ground it remained intact or in large
fragments. The Army prohibited all training with DU in 1996 and it requires a site
license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to do so. The Army does not possess
such a license and has no intention of seeking one. For background on the Army's
efforts to date, I have included a briefing we have given the State Legislature and
provided to the public.
Let me assure you the Army shares your concern for the safety of our Soldiers,
their Families and our neighbors. We have engaged a wide variety of Federal, State
and Local agencies to work through the investigative process. These include our
primary partner, the State Department of Health, the Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry, and the University of Hawaii. The Army is not making unilateral
decisions, but works collaboratively with these team mates and will ultimately be
regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Our work prioritized our ranges based on the risk of exposure. Schofield
Barracks was recently completed with an announcement on April 22, 2008 of the results
of the Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment (BHHRA), which demonstrated that the
radiological and chemical risks from DU were found to be well within the established
limits for what is considered safe by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The announcement of the results of the
BHHRA is another community DU update, in the continuing series of progress reports to
-3-
the people of Hawaii, as directed by Mr. Tad Davis, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the
Army for Environment, Safety & Occupational Health. We continue to follow our
process at PTA and hope to finish full characterization and a BHHRA this year. In the
meantime, we have spatially deconflicted training at PTA from the areas with DU and
access is restricted.
Critics of our efforts have voiced a concern about burning and the aerialization of
DU. In order to address this concern we completed a test prior to prescription burns at
Schofield Barracks. A report of that test states that there was no measurable hazard
during burning activities. We do not typically use prescription burns to manage
vegetation at PTA. The creation of very small or nano particles requires an enormous
amount of energy, which this low velocity spotting round does not possess.
We would ask that point # 1 of the proposed 5 point plan be removed from your
resolution: "ordering a complete halt to B-2 bombing missions and to all live firing
exercises and other activities at the Pohakuloa Training Area that create dust until there
is an assessment and clean up of the depleted uranium already present."
The Armed Forces of the United States are at war, the availability of PTA to
prepare and train deploying units, such as Hawaii's own 29th Brigade Combat Team
and 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry expected later this year, is critical to ensure their
readiness, survival and safe return home. After survey and thorough analysis, the Army
spatially separated the target area for B-2 bombing training deep in the impact area,
several miles removed from ranges where DU fragments were found and suspected
areas where DU may have been deposited at PTA. DU is a heavy, dense metal, with
nearly twice the density of lead. Studies have determined that it is highly unlikely DU will
migrate out of the impact area. To date, there have been no indications that DU is
present in the atmosphere and we share training schedules with the DOH to survey
while training is occurring. The attached DOH brief shows the measurements they have
periodically taken. All show only naturally occurring background levels of radiation.
The Army and the DOH are in the process of procuring 5 air monitors, which
will provide 360 degree persistent coverage of PTA and able to detect Uranium and
Lead. The DOH will operate 3 monitors, one is already installed in Kona, but is down
for maintenance. The Army will operate 2 monitors on PTA. In addition, independent
testing is being conducted as part of the Supplemental EIS for Saddle Road alignment
and by the Waikii Ranch Homeowners Association.
Radiation can be a scary topic and we are committed to providing information
to the public. Army representatives continue to engage both big island community
-4-
associations and organizations regarding their concerns with DU. It has engaged
organizations such as the Saddle Road Task Force, big island members of the Hawaii
Army National Guard and Reserve, and Waikii Ranch, Waikaloa, and Waimea
Community Associations. The Army continues to provide timely DU updates and
testimony to big island legislators, state legislative leaders and committees, state and
county government officials, and the state Department of Health. The Army has hosted
several state legislators at both PTA and Schofield Barracks to provide on-site DU
update.
Army representatives and DU subject matter experts are available to meet with
and update community organizations, neighborhood boards, community associations,
regarding their concerns about DU. To arrange for a presentation for your organization,
please contact Mr. Howard Sugai, Chief, Public Affairs, Installation Management
Command-Pacific Region, at 438-0650, or through email at:
howard.sugai@us.army.mil.
The Army has published an informational pamphlet; "Depleted Uranium (DU) in
Hawaii". To obtain a copy or to learn more about DU, please call 438-0650,
or request through email at: howard.sugai@us.army.mil.
We hope to have a public web site up soon so that citizens can access reports,
briefings and ask questions.
Finally, DU is a problem that the Army is addressing with all of the vigor
and resources that the institution can put behind it. The Army will continue to
aggressively monitor DU in the environment and remains committed to protecting the
health and safety of residents in surrounding communities, Soldiers, their families, and
our civilian work force.
Sincerely,
Howard illian
Colone, US Army
Deputy Director
Enclosures
A RESOLUTION URGING THE UNITED STATES MILITARY TO ADDRESS THE HAZARDS OF
DEPLETED URANIUM AT THE POHAKULOA TRAINING AREA.
WHEREAS, in the early 1960's the United States Military used the Pohakuloa Training Area for
firing a formerly classified weapon, the Davy Crockett recoilless gun, which has created the
presence of depleted uranium (DU) in the impact area at the U.S. Army Garrison, Pohakuloa; and
WHEREAS, the World Health Organization has released several reports and scientific studies
concerning the health risks from exposure to depleted uranium; and
WHEREAS, depleted uranium is a chemically toxic and radioactive heavy metal with a half-life of
4.6 billion years; and
WHEREAS, depleted uranium emits radioactive alpha particles that can cause cancer when
inhaled or ingested and also cause kidney and lung damage; and
WHEREAS, there is a public health need to ensure the safe storage, disposal, and clean-up of
munitions and other products or materials containing depleted uranium at the Pohakuloa Training
Area to protect all residents of Hawai'i Island; and
WHEREAS, the United States Military is hereby requested, with urgency, to address the potential
hazards of depleted uranium at the Pohakuloa Training Area with the following five-point plan:
aGt"Vities at the 126hakuloa TraiRiRg AFea that Greate dust until there i6 an assessment and Glean
up of the depleted uranium already ,
2. Establishing a permaRent, high-tech monitoring system with procedures to ensure air quality
control;
3. Continue
working with the State of Hawaii, Department of Health and the University of Hawaii to assure
transparency and community confidence;
4. Provide periodic updates and inform the public; and
5. Ensure+Rg peFmanent funds are available for the monitoring program; now, therefore,
BE IT RESOLVED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAI'l that the U.S. Military will
incorporate the five-point plan to address the potential hazards of depleted uranium at the
Pohakuloa Training Area.
BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED that the County Clerk shall forward a copy of this resolution to
Golonel Howard KilliaR, Deputy Region i Army Installation Management Command-
Pacific; all members of the Hawai'i State Legislature; Senator Daniel K. Inouye; Senator Daniel K.
Akaka; Congressman Neil Abercrombie, and Congresswoman Mazie K. Hirono.
Installation Management Command= Pacific
cMW
rd JY
De lete Uranium U ate
7- eta r u tp aI
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aria U
.Our Mission. Our mission is to provide the Army the installation capabilities and
services to support expeditionary operations in a time of persistent conflict, and to
provide a quality of life for Soldiers and Families commensurate with their service.
Leading Change for Installation Excellence
COL H. Killian I IMPC 1(808) 438-8989 Ihoward.killian@us.army.mil 1 of 39
Purpose
To inform the public of the Army's efforts
and progress to address the presence of
historical Depleted Uranium (DU) on Army
Ranges in Hawaii.
DU Discovery'lln Hawaii
144 44
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• In August 2005, a contractor working on a range clearance
project at Schofield Barracks found 15 tail assemblies from
the M-101 spotting round a munition used with the Davy
Crockett weapons system.
• This system was used from 1962 until 1968.
• The M101 spotting round (20 mm) was manufactured with
D38 Uranium Alloy (92°/o depleted uranium (DU) and 8%
molybdenum) for weight purposes only. It is about seven
inches in length and about one pound in weight.
• This round was not a armor piercing penetrator and was not
designed to burn. Where it impacted the ground it remained
intact or in large fragments.
• The Army prohibited all training with DU in 1996 and it
requires a site license from the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission to do so. The Army does not possess such a
license and has no intention of seeking one.
COL H. Killian I IMPC / (808) 438-0989 Ihowartl.killian@us.army.mil 3 of 39
DAVY CROCKETT
; M28, 120mm
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Max Range 2000m
ry.
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COL H. Killian ! IMPC 1 (808) 438-8989 fhoward.killian@us.army.mil 4 of 39
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Addison D. Davis, IV
MAR
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army
(Environment, Safety and Occupational Health)
The Army is implementinq its four-point plan to address the
DU discovered on Arm Ranqes in Hawaii:
1-We will provide all information obtained about the presence
of DU to the Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) in a timely
manner.
2 - The State will be a partner in the planning and execution of
an extensive survey and monitoring effort this summer to
address Schofield Barracks' range, Makua Military Reservation
and Pohakuloa Training Area.
3 - The State will be a partner in the planning and execution of a
mutually agreed upon response.
4 - The Army will provide any necessary training to State
participants.
COL H. Killian I IMPC 1(808) 438-8989 Ihoward.killian@us.army.mil 6 of 39
Army Strategy
A, » Addison D. Davis, IV
,WR
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army
(Environment, Safety and Occupational Health)
Investigative Steps
1-Army implements its four point plan
2 - Archival research of Davy Crockett use in Hawaii conducted by the
Corps of Engineers
3 - U.S. Army Joint Munitions Command (JMC) Scoping Survey,
sampling and testing to confirm the presence of DU conducted by U.S.
Army Joint Munitions Command (JMC). Is DU present?
4 - JMC conducts a Characterization Survey, determines how much
DU with specific geographic boundaries.
5- Data is provided to laboratories for analysis and results are
compiled and sent to UH, CDC, and NRC.
6 - Health risk assessment is published.
7 - NRC issues permit and addresses measure to mitigate the hazards
identified in the risk assessment to include possible remediation.
COL H. Killian I IMPC 1(808) 438-8989 lhoward.killian@us.army.mil 7 of 39
World Class Team
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COL H. Killian 11MPC 1 (808) 438-89891howard.killian@us.army.mil 8 of 39
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Archival Research
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May 2007 the
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508 page report.
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U L~ POTINIIAL DATT CROMUT RAW&W and MMR
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COL H. Killian f IMPC 1(808) 438-8989 lhoward.killian@us.army.mil 9 of 39
Range Burn Monitoring
ADM
• Reference Burn
- Performed in area free of DU
• Test Burn
-Performed in area contaminated with surface DU
• Full Range Burn
- Monitored two full days of prescribed range burn
• Results: No DU effluent detected during any
phase of the project
• Draft Report due 15 November 2007
COL H. Killian IMPC 1 (808) 438-8989 /howard.killian@us.army.mil 10 of 39
Charactermizatmion Survev _a
y
Schofield` { r
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• Walkover surveys with highly-sensitive
radiation instruments linked to GPS,
• Soil samples collected.
t h b it d t
er sampling as een difficu ue o
• Wa
drought conditions~ streams are dry.
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COL H. Killian 1 IMPC 1(808) 438.8989 Ihoward.killian@us.army.mil 11 of 39
chofield Bar-racks Ch-aracterization
Survey (Area A & B)
R
• Gross Gamma Survey of over 425 acres
of range complex
- Area A 140+ acres
- Area B 288+ acres)
• Collected 1,400+ soil samples
-Analysis being performed for Uranium (U)
isotopes and Lead
COL H. Killian I IMPC / (808) 438-8989 /howard.killian@us.army.mil 12 of 39
Scoping Surveys
• Makua Military Reservation
-Heavy ground cover
-Endangered species
- No evidence of Davy Crockett use
• Pohakuloa Training Area
-Distinctive terrain-lava field
- Evidence of Davy Crockett use
COL H. Killian IMPC (808) 438-8989 /howard.killian@us.army.mil 13 of 39
Makua Milita!y Reservation
coping Survey
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• Performed aerial reconnaissance of area
• Collected soil samples in low lying, sediment
areas
• Preliminary results:
- No Davy Crockett pistons
spotted during aerial
reconnaissance
- No elevated Uranium
detected in any samples
and no DU detected
- No DU detected
COL H. Killian IMPC (808) 438-8989 Ihoward.killian@us.army.mil 14 of 39
Pohakuloa Trainina Area
,~R
Scoping Survey
AUM
• Performed aerial reconnaissance of the training
area
• Collected soil samples from low lying, sediment
areas
• Performed visual survey for Davy Crockett debris
COIL H. Killian IMPC 1 (808) 438-8989 Ihoward.killian@us.army.mil 15 of 39
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R, Preliminary Results
• Spotted 4+ areas with Davy Crockett pistons
• No elevated DU readings in any samples
• Survey team recovered one M101 spotting
round (survey halted at that point)
I,
COL H. Killian I IMPC (808) 438-8989 /howard.killian@us.army.mil 17 of 39
PTA Survey
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Aerial visual and gamma spectroscopy surveys were conducted from the air using a Bell Long
Ranger helicopter equipped with an RSI Model 701 large volume Nal detector. These surveys
were augmented by visual and beta/gamma surveys using a Ludlum 44-9 probe-14C Scalar Rate
meter and a Bicron pRem Meter. In areas where evidence of Davy Crockett system components
were identified, more extensive ground surveys were conducted in an approximately 50 to 100
meter radius from the find as well as several 100 meters in a line directly down range direction
from the projected firing point.
A Radiation Solutions Incorporated RSI-701 system with a single 4 Liter Nal detector was mounted
inside the Bell Long Ranger helicopter and flown at a distance of between 10 and 25 foot
elevations above the areas in multiple range areas (DC Area 4, Range 13, Range 10, Range
11 T) and along Redleg Trail to the East of the PTA and Hilo Kona Road to the South of suspected
Davy Crockett launch areas.
COL H. Killian 1 IMPC 1(808) 438-89891howard.killian@us.army.mil 18 of 39
PTA Survey
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COL H. Killian I IMPC 1(808) 438-89891howard.killian@us.army.mil 19 of 39
A B=2 Bombing Deconfl"Iction
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B-52 GBU 4
10/12 Inert WSFA 120 with Buffers
Pohu[o Training Area, Ha'c
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This is a temporary control "
measure until the full
characterization survey is
complete.
COL H. Killian / IMPC 1(808) 438-8989 /howard.killian@us.army.mil 20 of 39
Project Current Status
es .
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• Planning the PTA Characterization Survey
and Air Monitoring Plan
• Draft Baseline Human Health Risk
Assessment was staffed for release to DOH
this week
• B-2 impact assessment and temporary
deconfliction measures
• PTA air monitoring sample analysis
• HB 2076
COL H. Killian I INIPC 1(808) 438-8989 Ihoward.killian@us.army.mil 21 of 39
Project Current Status
Ann&
cR t
• Kenneth H. Rubin, Ph.D., Professor and Chair of the
Volcanology, Geochemistry and Petrology Division,
Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Ocean
and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii
The high binding affinity that U has for Fe-rich particulates
found in Hawaii soils should help immobilize the U (i.e., DU
particles) near the point of impact.
• Although chemical analysis of environmental samples in the
affected areas will ultimately demonstrate the stability and
extent of migration of U in the local environment, general
geochernical arguments suggest U is generally not easily
leached from rocks and soils in Hawaii. -
COL H. Killian I IMPC I (808) 438-0969 /howefd.kllllan@us.army.mil 22 of 39
PTA A'Ir Mon"itor'ing Test
M sampling commenced on 29 Jan 06 and terminated on 30 Jan 07
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e. Station 5 - West Side Firebreak f. Station 6 - Training Area 22
S- ; g. Station 7 - Training Area 23, vic. Bobcat
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COL H. Killian I IMPC 1(808) 438-8989 Ihoward.killian@us.army.mil 23 of 39
Expectations
• Completion of baseline human health risk
assessment.
• Determination of actions to be taken.
• Public health assurance.
• Technology survey to determine the best
approach to scoping at Makua and
characterization at PTA.
• Continued monitoring.
COL H. Killian IMPC 1(808) 438-8989 /howard.killian@us.army.mil 24 of 39
Field Work Summary
• Over 5000 man-hours
• Over 1600 samples collected (air, vegetation, soil)
• Work completed ahead of schedule
• Over $2.2m spent to date
• Weekly Team Synchronization Teleconference
The Bottom Line:
There is no imminent or immediate threat to human health from
the DU present on Hawaii's ranges, but the Army is working in
concert with state and federal agencies to thoroughly assess
the risk and determine the actions required to address the DU
present on Hawaii's ranges.
COL H. Killian IIMPC1(808) 638-0989 /howaM.k7117an@us.ermy.mll 25 of 39
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AMBIENT RADIATION SURVEYS ON THE BIG ISLAND OF HAWAII
General Public Action Level (microR/hr.) 2000
Date of Survey: 16-May-07 19-Jun-07 11-Aug-07 08-Oct-07 16-Nov-07
Maximum Recorded Reading (microRlhr.) 8 7 7 7 6
SITE: uR/hr. pR1hr• UR/hr, uR/hr. pR/hr.
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4 - Waiono Meadows 3-4 2-4
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6- Puulani Drive 6-7 5-7 3-5 3-5 3-4
7- Waikii Ranch 4-5 3-5 2-3 2-4 2-3
8- Waikoloa Villages 7-8 4-6 2-3 2-3 2-4
9- Girl Scout Camp 3-6 2-3 2-3 2-4
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State Department of Health:
Contact Russell Takata at:
• 586-4700 (office)
• 586-5838 (fax)
• E-mail: russell.takata@doh.hawaii.gov
• State Department of Health
Indoor and Radiological Health Branch
591 Ala Moana Blvd, Rm 133
Honolulu, HI 96813
Department of the Army:
Contact Howard Sugai at:
• 438-0650 (office)
• 438-1188 (fax)
• E-mail: imcom-pacific-d uCcb-hawaii. army. mil
• IMCOM-Pacific
Public Affairs Officer
132 Yamanaga Street
Fort Shafter, HI 96858
COL H. Killian / IMPC ! (808 438.8989 lhoward.killian@us.army.mil 39 of 39
FINAL
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
Makua Military Reservation
Pohakuloa Training Area
Schofield Barracks Impact Area
Islands of Oahu and Hawaii
Prepared for
Department of the Army
Headquarters, U.S. Army Sustainment Command
Procurement Directorate, Environmental Contracting Division
AMSAS-CCA-I, Bldg 350, 5th Floor
Rock Island, IL 61299-6000
Prepared by
00S6 C;ABRERA SERVICES
RADIOLOGICAL- ENVIRONMENTAL- REMEDIAI'ION
3620 N. Rancho Drive Suite 114
Las Vegas, Nevada 89130
April 2008
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................1-1
2.0 SITE BACKGROUND 2-1
3.0 SCOPING SURVEY METHODOLOGY .....................................3-1
3.1 Scoping Activities 3-1
3.1.1 Archive Records Review -
3-
3.1.2 Site Reconnaissance
3.1.3 Sample Collection and Analysis -
3.2 Survey Equipment 3-3
3.3 Quality Control Measures 3-4
4.0 SCOPING SURVEY RESULTS 4-1
4.1 Makua Military Reservation 4-1
4.1.1 Summary of Archive Search for MMR .............................................................................4-1
4.1.2 MMR Site Reconnaissance ...............................................................................................4-1
4-
4.1.3 Sample Results for MMR
4.2 Pohakuloa Training Area 4-2
4-
4.2.1 Summary of Archive Search for PTA
4-
4.2.2 PTA Site Reconnaissance
4.2.3 Sample Results for PTA -
4.3 Schofield Barracks Impact Area 4-3
4.3.1 Summary of Archive Search for the SBIA 4-3
4.3.2 SBIA Site Reconnaissance -
4.3.3 Sample Results for the SBIA 4-4
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5-1
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. i
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4-1: Alpha Spectrometry Results for MMR Soil Samples
Table 4-2: Alpha Spectrometry Results for PTA Soil Samples
Table 4-3: Alpha Spectrometry Results for Area Soil Samples
Table 4-4: Alpha Spectrometry Results for Schofield Barracks Surface Water Samples
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1: Makua Military Reservation Location
Figure 2-2: Pohakuloa Training Area Location
Figure 2-3: Schofield Barracks Training Area Location
Figure 4-1: Location of Suspected Davy Crockett Range, Makua
Figure 4-2: Sample locations at MMR
Figure 4-3: Locations of Pistons Suggesting Past Davy Crockett Range at PTA
Figure 4-4: Sample Locations at PTA
Figure 4-5: Sample Location at Schofield Scoping Area
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. ii
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In August 2005, tail fin components and spotter round bodies (SRB) from the Cartridge, 20mm
Spotting M101 associated with the Davy Crockett Light Weapon M28 were discovered during
routine activities at Schofield Barracks. As a result of archive searches conducted by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regarding the potential for contamination resulting from the
firing of spotter rounds for the Davy Crockett weapons system at Schofield Barracks, suspicion
arose that this weapons system may have been used at other firing ranges in the Hawaiian
Islands. The suspected ranges include Makua Military Reservation (MMR) on Oahu, Pohakuloa
Training Area (PTA) on Hawaii, and Schofield Barracks Impact Area on Oahu. For MMR and
PTA, details of the archive searches were reported in "Archive Search Report On the Use of
Cartridge, 20 mm Spotting M101 for Davy Crockett Light Weapon M28, Islands of Oahu and
Hawaii" (USACE, St. Louis District, May 2007). The basis for the Schofield Area scoping
survey was from observations and information provided by USAG-HI.
The primary suspected contaminant associated with the spotter rounds body (SRB) is D-38
uranium alloy, also called depleted uranium (DU). The DU was used in the SRB of training
rounds for the Davy Crockett weapon system because of its high density and weight. The DU
component is approximately four inches in length and one inch in diameter. In the following
sections of this report, a summary of the archive search for each area is provided, followed by
the methods and results of field scoping survey investigations conducted at each of these three
areas in August of 2007. The surveys were performed to assess the presence of DU fragments
that might have originated from past training activities involving Davy Crockett SRB. The
results of these survey activities will be used to develop the criteria and plans for a follow-on
characterization survey of the potentially impacted areas.
Cabrera Services, Inc. (CABRERA) was tasked by the U.S. Army Sustainment Command (ASC)
to perform a scoping survey of the suspected ranges to assess the presence of DU at those
locations. The scope of work included:
¦ Review of archive searches,
¦ Perform a Site Reconnaissance,
¦ Collect soil samples from locations likely to contain DU,
W52PiJ-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 1-1
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
¦ Analyze soil samples for isotopic uranium using alpha spectrometry, and
¦ Prepare a summary report documenting the results of the scoping survey.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 1-2
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
2.0 SITE BACKGROUND
The MMR is located in the western portion of Oahu near Kaena Point (Figure 2-1). The training
site extends west from the Waianae Range ridge line to the ocean and is approximately three
miles north of Makaha. State Highway 93 extends through the site along the shoreline and ends
at the northern boundary of the site. The site is approximately 18 miles from Schofield Barracks
via Kolekole Pass Road. The MMR has been used by the U.S. Army and Marine Corps for
training since 1943. The area is used as an infantry and artillery range, with some use of the
shoreline for amphibious assault training. The area also has several archeological and cultural
sites.
PTA is located on the island of Hawaii between Mauna Loa, Mauna Kea, and the Hualalai
Volcanic Mountains (Figure 2-2). It extends up the lower slopes of Mauna Kea to approximately
6,800 feet in elevation and to about 9,000 feet on Mauna Loa. The training area is about midway
between Hilo on the east coast and the Army landing site at Kawaihae Harbor on the west coast.
The area is the largest Department of Defense (DOD) installation in Hawaii. The area is
accessible by military helicopter or land via Saddle Road from Hilo.
Schofield Barracks is the largest Army post in Hawaii, located on an 18,000 acre site in central
Oahu. The Schofield Training Area Impact Area (SBIA) totals 2650 acres and consists of fee
and ceded land. The Schofield Training Area, shown in Figure 1-2, is in a large valley, with a
ridgeline along the north, west and southwest boundaries. The valley faces east and extends into
the central Schofield saddle. The SBIA is at the western end of the valley, and the majority of
the SBIA is of moderate slope increasing in steepness towards the west. Beyond the SBIA to the
west and southwest, the land rises steeply and is not considered usable for maneuvers. The steep
area is used as a safety zone for the SBIA. The ridge of the Waianae Range has the highest point
on Oahu,; Mount Kaala, which has an elevation of over 4,000 feet. The elevation of the SBIA
ranges between maneuver areas varies from 800 and to 1,400 feet in elevation above sea level.
Vegetation varies from heavy woods on the steeper western slopes to open grassland in the SBIA
impact and range areas. Several thickly wooded gullies with steep sides cut through the impact
area. The western portion of SBIA includes the ridges and valleys at the western edge of the
impact area where 15 SRB containing DU were recovered by a contractor clearing unexploded
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 2-1
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
ordnance and scrap metal in August 2005. A scoping survey was completed for the western
portion of SBIA in 2007 (Technical Memorandum, Schofield Barracks Firing Range Phase I
Depleted Uranium Investigation, Cabrera Services, Inc. for the Army Joint Services Command,
January 2007). The part of SBIA scoped during this project includes the eastern portion of the
impact area and a secondary impact area located to the north. Figure 2-3 shows the location of
the north/eastern area at Schofield Barracks.
Fifteen SRBs containing DU were recovered from the western upsloping area of the SBIA by a
contractor clearing the range impact area of unexploded ordnance and scrap metal in August,
2005. A scoping survey was completed for the western upsloping area of the SBIA in 2007
(Technical Memorandum, Schofield Barracks Firing Range Phase I Depleted Uranium
Investigation, Cabrera Services, Inc. for the Army Joint Services Command, January 2007). The
focus of this scoping survey includes the northern and eastern, mostly flat portions of the SBIA.
These impact areas fall within range of the firing locations where training with the Davy
Crockett System was potentially performed. Figure 2-3 shows the location of the current
scoping survey activities at the SBIA.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 2-2
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
3.0 SCOPING SURVEY METHODOLOGY
Scoping surveys are performed to provide additional radiological information on sites where the
presence of radioactive materials is suspected. Scoping surveys were performed at the MMR,
PTA, and northeastern SBIA firing ranges in Hawaii. The following sections summarize the
survey design for investigating the potential presence of DU fragments at these firing ranges.
The objectives of the scoping surveys were to:
Use historical knowledge, real-time radiation detection instruments,
¦ Use historical knowledge, real-time radiation detection instruments, laboratory
analytical results from shallow soil samples, and visual identification of Davy
Crockett weapons system components (pistons, SRBs, tailfin assemblies, tail ring,
etc.) to confirm that SRBs containing DU were fired and remain on the ranges, and
¦ Provide a summary of the scoping data along with recommendations and conclusions
to the Army for future decision making regarding investigation or closure of the DU
issue.
3.1 Scoping Activities
The scoping surveys at each location included three major activities: archive records review, site
reconnaissance, and sample collection and analysis.
3.1.1 Archive Records Review
Archive searches were conducted by USACE regarding the potential for the firing of spotter
rounds for the Davy Crockett weapons system at firing ranges in the Hawaiian Islands. Details
of the archive searches were reported in "Archive Search Report On the Use of Cartridge, 20 mm
Spotting M101 for Davy Crockett Light Weapon M28, Islands of Oahu and Hawaii" (USACE,
2007).
3.1.2 Site Reconnaissance
The Site Reconnaissance is a visit to the site to collect sufficient information to support decisions
regarding further action. The Site Reconnaissance combined aerial surveillance of the firing
ranges with ground investigations of accessible areas to obtain visual confirmation of the use of
the Davy Crockett weapons system at each site.
Potential visual indicators of the Davy Crockett weapons system, as identified in the Archive
Search Report include:
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 3-1
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
¦ Aluminum shrapnel from the rear body assembly and plastic fiberglass from the fins
and windshield of the Projectile, Atomic Supercaliber 279 millimeter (mm) Practice
M390,
¦ Aluminum fin assemblies and projectile body pieces from the Cartridge, 20mm
Spotting M 101,
¦ Pistons from either the light or heavy Davy Crockett weapon, or
¦ Bright yellow (oxidized) fragments from uranium alloy components.
Helicopters were used as a platform for visual observation to locate Davy Crockett pistons.
Once pistons were located, the team calculated the likely positions of firing locations and impact
areas in which to perform ground searches for other visual indicators of Davy Crockett use.
Where terrain, vegetation, and safety concerns allowed access, radiological surveys to measure
levels of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation using a Ludlum Model 43-93 alpha-beta probe,
Ludlum 44-9 Geiger-Mueller (GM) Pancake Probe, or Field Instrument for the Detection of Low
Energy Radiation (FIDLER) were performed.
3.1.3 Sample Collection and Analysis
Biased surface soil samples were collected in suspected impact areas where visual and
radiological indicators of the Davy Crockett weapons system were identified. For example, a
soil sample was collected from an area of bright yellow soil with elevated gross gamma readings
in the SBIA.SBIA scoping site. Biased locations were selected based upon professional
judgment.
If evidence of the use of the Davy Crockett weapons system was found in a firing area (i.e.,
pistons were found) but no visual or radiological evidence was found in suspected impact areas,
surface soil and sediment samples were collected from outfalls for suspected impact areas.
These sample locations were selected where runoff could occur and sediments might collect.
Surface soil and sediment samples were also collected from outfalls for areas where vegetation,
terrain, ecological, or safety issues prevented access to complete the Site Reconnaissance.
The scoping surveys were performed during the dry season to reduce the number of inaccessible
areas, so no surface water was present during the scoping survey.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 3-2
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
All samples were sent to a National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (NELAP)
accredited laboratory for analysis of uranium nuclide activity concentrations by alpha
spectrometry. Activity concentrations were reported for the three naturally occurring uranium
radionuclides; 234U, 235U, and 238U.
A total of twenty soil samples were collected for this scoping survey. A Global Positioning
System (GPS) unit was used to identify sampling and scanning measurement locations. Nine
soil samples were collected from MMR, 10 soil samples were collected from PTA, and 1 soil
sample was collected from the Schofield Area. Only one sample was collected in the
northeastern SBIA due to the fact that this was an effort to determine if the survey area at
Schofield should be increased in size. Once DU from a SRB was located at the far north/eastern
end of SBIA, the efforts of the scoping survey were satisfied.
3.2 Survey Equipment
Three instruments were available for performing radiological measurements during the scoping
surveys. The Ludlum Model 2360 scaler/rate meter with a Ludlum Model 43-93 Alpha Beta
Probe, Ludlum Model 2241 scaler/rate meter with a Ludlum Model 44-9 GM Pancake Probe,
and Ludlum Model 2221 scaler/rate meter with a FIDLER. Site-specific conditions based on
accessibility, terrain, vegetation, ecological, and safety concerns determined which instrument
was appropriate for use in each area.
Soil samples were collected at the sites based upon professional judgment. Small hand tools and
latex gloves were used for sample collection, and samples were collected and stored in re-
sealable plastic bags. Soil was collected from the top two inches of the ground, in area that was
generally six by six inches in size. A minimum of l kg was collected at each sample location.
Field personnel removed all visible vegetation and rocks from the soil. Cabrera personnel wore
thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLDs) to measure any potential external radiation encountered
during the surveys. The accompanying USAG-HI personnel did not wear TLDs, but were in
close proximity to CABRERA and ASC personnel at all times and would have received equivalent
doses. No radiation doses significantly greater than background, as measured using a control
TLD, were detected.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 3-3
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
A GPS was used to link survey data to spatial locations (northing and easting) using state plane
coordinates for Hawaii Zone 1 (island of Hawaii) and Zone 3 (island of Oahu), North American
Datum 1983. By design, the GPS unit is self-checking, using data received from the satellite
constellation to determine the precision and accuracy of its readings.
3.3 Quality Control Measures
Data collection activities were performed in a controlled, deliberate manner. Data were collected
by trained individuals with calibrated instruments following written procedures and/or protocols.
Data were recorded and reviewed, and documentation is auditable. Instrumentation capable of
detecting the radiation types and energies of interest were selected, calibrated, and maintained
for survey data collection and sample analysis.
All equipment used in the field was checked using either a thorium-230 (230Th) alpha check
source, a technetium-99 (99Tc) beta check source, or a cesium-137 (137Cs) beta/gamma check
source. Operational checks were performed for each instrument before and after each use. All
instruments used in the field met data quality requirements.'
Samples were collected in the field using clean tools and gloves. All samples were scanned
before and after being collected and, as were all sample containers prior to packaging for
shipment to the laboratory. Sample tools were cleaned between each sample collection.
' Instrument quality control data is described in detail in the draft characterization report for the SBIA
(Characterization Report: Schofield Barracks Davy Crockett Impact Area, Cabrera Services for the Army
Sustainment Command, April 2008).
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 3-4
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
4.0 SCOPING SURVEY RESULTS
The results of the scoping surveys are provided in the following sections.
4.1 Makua Military Reservation
4.1.1 Summary ofArchive Search for MMR
The following information summarizes the detailed descriptions of past uses of the MMR as
presented in "Archive Search Report On the Use of Cartridge, 20mm Spotting M101 for Davy
Crockett Light Weapon M28, Islands of Oahu and Hawaii" (USACE, 2007).
Research conducted by the Army into training records did not discover any documentation of
requests for Davy Crockett sections to use range facilities at MMR. These types of records are
not long-term and may no longer exist. Research also did not find any maps from the 1960s with
Davy Crockett ranges specifically noted. However, the majority of the MMR is identified on
maps as an impact area. Based on a review of maps and range regulations, one possible area for
a Davy Crockett Range was located. Figure 4-1 shows an area originally suspected for
contamination from Cartridge, 20mm Spotting 101. Later research by the Army showed that this
area does not meet all the criteria for a Davy Crockett range and is no longer suspect. The entire
MMR was considered a potential Davy Crockett range impact area and field observations at the
range were recommended.
4.1.2 MMR Site Reconnaissance
An aerial survey using a Bell Long Ranger helicopter was conducted to look for pistons and
other visually identifiable indicators of the Davy Crockett weapons system. The aerial team
included two personnel, one situated on each side of the aircraft. Due to limits on prescribed
burns in the Makua valley to keep the range clear, the vegetation was very dense, and the aerial
survey was limited to ravines and dry stream beds. No pistons were spotted during the aerial
survey of MMR.
Physical entry to range areas was precluded by safety concerns, including the likely presence of
Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) and Improved Conventional Munitions (ICM). No DU fragments
were identified at the MMR.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 4-1
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
4.1.3 Sample Results for MMR
Soil samples were collected at areas where sediment had collected from past runoff/erosion
events. Ten soil samples were collected around the perimeter of the MMR during the scoping
survey. The soil sample locations are shown in Figure 4-2. All of the samples were analyzed for
isotopic uranium by alpha spectrometry. The results of the analyses are provided in Table 4-1.
All of the results are consistent with naturally occurring concentrations of uranium. None of the
results indicate uranium depletion, where the 234U activity concentration is significantly lower
than the 238U activity concentration.
4.2 Pohakuloa Training Area
4.2.1 Summary ofArchive Search for PTA
The following information summarizes the detailed descriptions of past uses of the PTA, as
presented in "Archive Search Report On the Use of Cartridge, 20mm Spotting M 101 for Davy
Crockett Light Weapon M28, Islands of Oahu and Hawaii" (USACE, 2007).
Historic records searches and map analyses identified at least twelve present and past range
locations at the PTA. Based on criteria known to have been regulated for Davy Crockett ranges
(e.g., size of area, security provisions) the USACE identified four potential Davy Crockett
Ranges. Field observations at these four ranges were recommended.
4.2.2 PTA Site Reconnaissance
An aerial survey was conducted to look for pistons and other visually identifiable indicators of
the Davy Crockett weapons system. The aerial team included two helicopters, a Hughes 500 and
Bell Long Ranger, and included four survey personnel; two in each aircraft. The aerial surveys
confirmed pistons in four locations, as shown on Figure 4-3. A rough estimate showed there to
be approximately 30-100 pistons at each of the locations.
Based upon the locations of the pistons, the field team determined that Range 11 T offered the
best prospects for locating a Davy Crockett spotter round on the ground. This determination was
made due to the large number of pistons (estimated at -100). The field teams made rough
calculations based upon the location of the pistons, the operational range of the Davy Crockett
system, and the likely firing points. Once these calculations were made, field personnel traveled
downrange to the likely impact areas.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 4-2
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
Field teams made two trips into the impact area. The field team consisted of three personnel, one
of which was the UXO escort who provided detection and avoidance safety support to the team.
The rough terrain limited accessibility to the suspected impact areas. The Ludlum Model 2241
scaler/rate meter with a Ludlum Model 44-9 GM Pancake Probe was selected as the most
appropriate radiological instrument because of its size and ruggedness. During the first trip into
the impact area, no locations with SRB and associated Davy Crockett debris were identified in
the suspect impact areas. No areas with SRB DU fragments or soil stained bright yellow were
identified, nor were any locations with anomalous radioactivity detected.
During the second trip into the impact area, the team located a Davy Crockett SRB (location
shown in Figure 4-4). The round was recovered intact and is now in the possession of USAG-
HI. No soil samples were collected at the site of the recovery as the round was resting on
basaltic rock in which no soil profile has yet developed.
4.2.3 Sample Results for PTA
Soil samples were collected at areas where sediment had accumulated from past runoff/erosion
events. Ten soil samples were collected around the perimeter of the suspect impact areas at the
PTA during the scoping survey. The soil sample locations are shown in Figure 4-4. All of the
samples were analyzed for isotopic uranium by alpha spectrometry. The results of the analyses
are provided in Table 4-2. All of the results are consistent with naturally occurring
concentrations of uranium. None of the results indicate uranium depletion, where the 234U
activity concentration is significantly lower than the 238U activity concentration.
4.3 Schofield Barracks Impact Area
4.3.1 Summary ofArchive Search for the SBIA
The following information summarizes the detailed descriptions of past uses of the SBIA, as
presented in "Archive Search Report On the Use of Cartridge, 20mm Spotting M101 for Davy
Crockett Light Weapon M28, Islands of Oahu and Hawaii" (USACE, 2007).
Historic records searches and map analyses confirmed that Davy Crockett spotter rounds had
been fired into the impact area on the western edge of the Schofield Barracks firing range. A
characterization survey of the impacted area was designed to investigate the extent of DU
contamination in the area.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 4-3
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
4.3.2 SM4 Site Reconnaissance
USAG-HI conducted a prescribed burn of the SBIA between July 30 and August 2, 2007.
During that operation, USAG-HI observed remnants of the Davy Crockett weapon system
outside the western upsloping area of the SBIA where the characterization activities were
planned. It was determined that the north-central mostly flat northern and eastern portion of the
SBIA should have a scoping survey performed to determine if there were Davy Crockett rounds
fired into that area.
The field team consisted of two team members, one which provided UXO detection and
avoidance safety support for the team. Visual observations during the Site Reconnaissance
identified an area with bright yellow stained soil and fragments (generally less than 1 square
centimeter) of yellowish metal. Radiological measurements with the Ludlum Model 2221
scaler/rate meter with a FIDLER confirmed the presence of elevated gamma radiation in that
area.
The remainder of the Site Reconnaissance focused on establishing new boundaries for the
characterization survey to identify nature and extent of DU from the spotter rounds.
4.33 Sample Results for the SBIA
A single surface soil sample was collected during the SBIA scoping survey. This sample was
collected at the location with the bright yellow colored soil and elevated gross gamma activity.
The sample location is shown on Figure 4-5. The results of the sample analysis are provided in
Table 4-3. The results show the uranium activity concentrations are elevated and show
significantly less 234U activity than 238U activity, indicating the uranium is depleted.
Although no surface water samples were available for collection during the scoping survey, the
Army monitors surface water runoff from Schofield Barracks. Five surface water samples were
analyzed for isotopic uranium by alpha spectrometry. The results of the surface water analyses
are provided in Table 4-4. All of the results are consistent with naturally occurring
concentrations of uranium. None of the results indicate uranium depletion, where the 234U
activity concentration is significantly lower than the 238U activity concentration.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 4-4
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Scoping surveys were performed at the MMR, PTA, and SBIA where Davy Crockett spotter
rounds may have resulted in DU fragments being present in the soil.
The results of the MMR scoping survey were limited by accessibility issues. The aerial visual
observations were obscured by vegetation and no radiological measurements were performed in
the impact area. Entry to the impacted area was not allowed for safety reasons, and no samples
of DU fragments were recovered or analyzed. The soil samples collected around the perimeter
of the site did not identify any indications of DU. CABRERA recommends the Army should
complete the scoping survey or perform a characterization survey to further investigate the
potential for DU at the MMR if the area becomes more accessible in the future. Continued
monitoring of storm water runoff in the area with sample analysis for isotopic uranium is
recommended.
The results of the PTA scoping survey confirmed several areas with pistons used to fire the Davy
Crockett weapon system. Visual observations confirming the presence of the DC pistons,
qualitative measurements, and recovery of an intact Davy Crockett spotter round all support that
the Davy Crockett system was used at PTA. While the soil samples collected around the
perimeter of the site did not indicate the presence of DU, these data do not represent a
statistically significant data set. A statistical field sampling design focused on the suspect Davy
Crockett impact areas would yield more representative results. CABRERA recommends that the
Army conduct a characterization survey of the impact range, with an emphasis on defining the
impact areas, eliminating areas where possible from further evaluation, and developing data
appropriate to support a human health risk assessment.
The results of the SBIA scoping survey confirmed the presence of DU contamination in the
mostly flat northern and eastern portions of the SBIA and established boundaries for
characterization of the potentially contaminated area. CABRERA recommends completing the
characterization of these areas while they are currently accessible to determine the nature and
extent of the DU fragments at SBIA CABRERA has already completed a characterization survey
in the area, and the results of that survey will be presented along with the area Alpha data in a
Baseline Human Health Risk Assessment for the Schofield Barracks impact range.
W52PIJ-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 5-1
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
The results of surface water sampling at Schofield Barracks do not indicate the presence of DU
contamination in the surface water runoff. CABRERA recommends the Army continue analyzing
the runoff from Schofield Barracks for at least three additional monitoring cycles to confirm
current analysis and determine if continued monitoring is required.
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. 5-2
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
TABLES
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. TABLES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
TABLE 4-1: ALPHA SPECTROMETRY RESULTS FOR MMR SOIL SAMPLES
Sample Analyte* Activity 2a Counting Total Error MDA
(pCi/g) Error (pCi/g) (pCi/g) (pCi/g)
U-233/234 0.086 0.05 0.053 0.019
4000 U-235 0 0 0 0.024
U-238 0.131 0.064 0.069 0.037
U-233/234 0.069 0.048 0.05 0.044
4001 U-235 0 0 0 0.023
U-238 0.1 0.056 0.059 0.036
U-233/234 0.239 0.089 0.101 0.02
4002 U-235 0.018 0.026 0.027 0.025
U-238 0.234 0.089 0.1 0.039
U-233/234 0.326 0.103 0.122 0.019
4003 U-235 0.004 0.02 0.02 0.046
U-238 0.325 0.103 0.122 0.019
U-233/234 0.272 0.091 0.106 0.018
4004 U-235 0.034 0.034 0.035 0.023
U-238 0.339 0.103 0.123 0.018
U-233/234 0.461 0.135 0.164 0.043
4005 U-235 0.05 0.045 0.048 0.027
U-23 8 0.512 0.142 0.175 0.022
U-233/234 0.216 0.085 0.096 0.021
4006 U-235 0.01 0.019 0.019 0.026
U-238 0.23 0.088 0.1 0.021
U-233/234 0.344 0.109 0.129 0.039
4007 U-235 0.009 0.018 0.019 0.025
U-238 0.398 0.117 0.142 0.02
U-233/234 0.136 0.06 0.066 0.017
4008 U-235 0.034 0.035 0.037 0.04
U-238 0.12 0.057 0.062 0.032
U-233/234 0.225 0.084 0.095 0.036
4009 U-235 0.034 0.034 0.036 0.023
U-238 0.251 0.089 0.102 0.036
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. TABLES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
TABLE 4-2: ALPHA SPECTROMETRY RESULTS FOR PTA SOIL SAMPLES
Sample Analyte Activity 2a Counting Total Error MDA
Ci/ Error Ci/ Ci/ Ci/
U-233/234 0.117 0.04 0.046 0.009
4010 U-235 0.004 0.008 0.008 0.011
U-238 0.132 0.042 0.05 0.009
U-233/234 0.157 0.047 0.057 0.009
4011 U-235 0.008 0.011 0.012 0.011
U-238 0.215 0.056 0.07 0.009
U-233/234 0.344 0.078 0.104 0.01
4012 U-235 0.009 0.013 0.013 0.012
U-238 0.324 0.075 0.099 0.01
U-233/234 0.098 0.037 0.042 0.009
4013 U-235 0 0 0 0.011
U-238 0.114 0.04 0.046 0.009
U-233/234 0.12 0.043 0.049 0.01
4014 U-235 0 0 0 0.012
U-238 0.127 0.044 0.051 0.01
U-233/234 0.1 0.037 0.042 0.009
4015 U-235 0.004 0.008 0.008 0.011
U-238 0.086 0.035 0.039 0.009
U-233/234 0.302 0.068 0.091 0.009
4016 U-235 0.025 0.02 0.021 0.011
U-238 0.238 0.059 0.076 0.009
U-233/234 0.254 0.061 0.079 0.009
4017 U-235 0.008 0.012 0.012 0.011
U-238 0.22 0.056 0.071 0.009
U-233/234 0.285 0.067 0.088 0.009
4018 U-235 0.021 0.019 0.02 0.012
U-238 0.239 0.061 0.077 0.009
TABLE 4-3: ALPHA SPECTROMETRY RESULTS FOR SCHOFIELD AREA SOIL
SAMPLES
Sample Analyte Activity 2a Counting Total Error MDA
Ci/ Error Ci/ Ci/ Ci/
U-233/234 360 44.9 84.9 1.8
MFZ-WP-073 U-235 35.2 11.2 15.4 2.22
U-238 2180 211 485 1.79
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. TABLES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
TABLE 4-4: ALPHA SPECTROMETRY RESULTS FOR SCHOFIELD BARRACKS
SURFACE WATER SAMPLES
Sample Analyte Activity Uncertainty MDA
Ci/L Ci/L Ci/L
U-233/234 0.14 0.14 0.18
RAB-SW-4-1 U-235 0.00 0.08 0.12
U-238 0.09 0.11 0.15
U-233/234 0.02 0.11 0.27
RAB-SW-3-2 U-235 -0.01 0.02 0.22
U-23 8 -0.05 0.04 0.27
U-233/234 0.76 0.27 0.16
RA1-SW-6FF-1 U-235 0.05 0.09 0.17
U-238 0.80 0.28 0.12
U-233/234 0.39 0.22 0.15
RA2-SW-5-2 U-235 0.05 0.11 0.23
U-238 0.55 0.26 0.20
U-233/234 0.03 0.11 0.25
RA1-SW-3-2 U-235 -0.01 0.07 0.16
U-238 -0.01 0.06 0.19
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. TABLES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
FIGURES
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
H
MAWJAMILITARY
RESERVATION t
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04=2008 Figure 2.1
FIGURE 2-1: MAKUA MILITARY RESERVATION LOCATION
W52P1J-06-D-00191004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
N
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FIGURE 2-2: POHAKULOA TRAINING AREA LOCATION
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES
I
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Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
N
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04;2008 rgp,y Fgllre 23
FIGURE 2-3: SCHOFIELD BARRACKS TRAINING AREA LOCATION
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
Yroy y~{ •R w~ i w 1 life 11 Ii ~2 rcrj" '•+dY~i; !g
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LEGEND r
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a t t „ I ` , p DAVY C(WXETT RANG SIMACE OAaGER AREA DIAGRAM (SOAO)
00 ~ERTIRGET CE EA~L7
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FIGURE 4-1: LOCATION OF SUSPECTED DAVY CROCKETT RANGE, MAKUA
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES
k
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Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
N
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Schofield North/Eastern Scoping Area
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FIGURE 4-2: SAMPLE LOCATIONS AT MMR
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
E
AERIAL SURVEY PHOTOS
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041008 Figure a3
FIGURE 4-3: LOCATIONS OF PISTONS SUGGESTING PAST DAVY CROCKETT RANGE AT PTA
W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
N
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04,2008 DPAWNO M Figure4-4
FIGURE 4-4: SAMPLE LOCATIONS AT PTA
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W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES
Technical Memorandum FINAL
Depleted Uranium Scoping Investigations
JN
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CABRERA SERVICES
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W52P1J-06-D-0019/004 CABRERA SERVICES, INC. FIGURES