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Executive Summ
ES.1 Introduction
The 2009 Hawai i County Integrated Resources and Solid Waste Management
'lan (IRSWMP) update has been prepared in compliance with the Hawai i
Revised Statutes (HRS) Chapter 342-G, which requires counties in
Hawai i to update and revise their solid waste management plans every
5 years. The last update to the Hawai i County plan was completed
during 2002. Work on this revision of the plan began in early 2008, and
involved the participation of a Solid Waste Advisory Committee (SWAG),
.he public, the business community, the County Department of
Environmental Management, the Office of the Mayor, the Solid Waste Division
(SWD), the County Council Environmental Management Committee, and numerous other
stakeholders.
This IRSWMP update includes an overall evaluation of waste management practices in the
County, waste reduction practices and programs, opportunities for implementation of zero
waste policies and practices, the status of both the active and closed landfills, and potential
options for expanding and extending the capacity of the South Hilo Sanitary Landfill
(SHSL). The results are organized by section according to HRS 342-G. Each section contains
a description of the existing conditions, summary of previous plan recommendations and
status of implementation of those recommendations, adescription of options available to
the County for improvement of the waste management program, and recommendations for
implementation.
ES.2 The Path to Zero Waste
In December 2007 the County Council adopted resolution 356-07 to "embrace and adopt the
principles of zero waste as a long-term goal for Hawai i County". The zero waste
phIlosophy promotes the efficient use of materials to eliminate waste and pollution by
emphasizing aclose-loop system of production and
consum tion, and movie in to ical increments t~~ _~ ~'~ ' `~ "~ ~ rv~'"'"°
P g g~ ,',rtilr ~, I
toward the goal of zero waste.
Concurrent with the development of this IRSWMP
update, the County contracted with a consultant to
develop a zero waste implementation plan. The
recommendations of that study were considered by
Waste
SWAG and other stakeholders during the -- --- "'
development of this plan. This IRSWMP update includes a number of specific
recommendations from that study that will keep the County moving forward on its journey
toward zero waste.
51262009 ES-1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The recommendations in this plan are projected to increase the County's current recycling
rate of 29 percent to a rate of 44 percent by the end of the plazming period (FY 14-15).
ES.3 IRSWMP Update Process
Development of this IRSWMP update was guided by a 12-member SWAC, appointed by the
Mayor. They participated in 12 meetings at which they reviewed draft plan sections,
debated key issues, developed plan goals (provided in Section 1), and shaped
recommendations. Presentations to the County Council Environmental Management
Committee were made monthly to solicit feedback on issues and options. In addition, input
was requested from the public in a variety of forums including three sets of public meetings,
periodic meetings with community organizations, and by routinely posting all draft
materials and meeting minutes on the IRSWMP page of the County's website
(htty://co.hawaii.hi.us/env_mng iswmp.htm).
The key recommendations included in this IRSWMP update have consensus support from
the SWAC, and are intended to balance the many interests of the various stakeholders
within the County. The recommendations developed during this process have been
organized into afive-year implementation plan. This IRSWMP update includes each of the
plan secfions covering the various waste management topics, and the draft implementation
plan. The draft IRSWMP plan will be submitted by the Mayor to the County Council for
adoption, and then presented to the State of Hawai i Department of Health (DOH) for
review, comment, and final approval. Final approval by the DOH is anticipated by the end
of 2009.
A summary of the IRSWMP recommendations and the draft implementation plan are
presented below.
ES.4 Transitions from the 2002 ISWMP Update
The County's initial Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (ISWMP), as required by state
law (HRS 342G) was adopted on October 5, 1994. An update to that original plan was
completed by the County in December 31, 2002. A key issue addressed in the 2002 plan
update was the pending closure of the SHSL, which was expected to reach capacity in the
summer of 2004. The 2002 update included the following key recommendations:
• Construct no new landfill in east Hawai i.
• Emphasize the recovery of recyclable materials at the planned east Hawai i sort station,
possibly by incorporating features of a material recovery facility (MRF).
• Procure a waste reduction facility for the east Hawai i waste stream using either waste-
to-energy, thermal gasification, or anaerobic digestion technology. (See Appendix A for
a chronology of waste reduction study and procurement activities in Hawai i County.)
• Establish a county recycling program with a long list of elements that have the potential
to increase waste diversion significantly.
ES-2 5126/2009
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
After adopting the 2002 ISWMP update, the County took steps toward implementing these
recommendations, as follows:
• Expanding the number and scope of its recycling programs, which increased its
recycling rate from 15 percent in FY 01-02 to 29 percent in FY 07-08.
Initiating development of the east Hawaf'i sort station, which could potentially serve a
number of strategic waste management functions (the facility is now nearing
completion).
• Issuing a request for proposals (RFP) for construction of a waste reduction facility. The
procurement process resulted hi a proposal fora 230 ton-per-day mass-burn waste-to-
energy facility to be located at the SHSL. In 2008, the County Council rejected all
proposals submitted, in part because the costs of construction and operation were higher
than anticipated.
Since 2006, the County has taken two other important actions related to its solid waste
management system:
1. It completed a
comprehensive
engineering evaluation
of its 21 recycling and
transfer stations which
concluded that 13 have
serious failures
requiring reconstruction
to correct, and another 6
have serious problems
that could be corrected
without complete
reconstruction.
2. It extended the capacity
of the SHSL through
innovative engineering
solutions, such as
creating a sliver fill and
utilizing additional
airspace resulting from
creation of the sliver fill.
Further, preliminary
engineering evaluations
suggest that constructed
wetlands maybe a
much less costly
alternative for treating
leachate from a future,
lined cell at the SHSL.
w'~ M+••0 vta
SAIi
Disposal ri Havrari County
nw: xumeus weer n.wawum•mn.ao-sn Recycling antl hanster Stations
N n.wmmtvA>oe •iea~~ww+,i rar ca.av. FY 07-08
~«•aa ~,~.m..,...m.,.Mm
5/262009 ES3
E%ECUTIVE SUMMARY
In response to these developments, a key focus of this Plan update was evaluating a series of
potential options for managing residuals that remain after source reduction, reuse, and
recycling. After SWAC and stakeholder consideration of those evaluations, this Plan
recommends the following residuals management strategy:
• Conduct a series of activities necessary to confirm the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of
expanding into the quarries on the SHSL site.
• If expansion proves to be feasible and cost effective, then expand the landfill. If not,
truck waste to the WHSL site.
Do not issue an RFP for waste reduction technology at this time. During each
subsequent plan review period, evaluate whether new technology advances or other
circumstances have occurred to warrant issuing an RFP for a new conversion technology
for part, or all, of the County residuals management stream.
In addition to activities associated with expanding the SHSL and handling residual wastes,
this Plan presents a series of recommendations geared towards taking the next steps on the
path to zero waste including expanded programs targeted toward reducing the volume of
waste entering the landfills and improving existing infrastructure. It also recommends
reconstructing and upgrading one or more County recycling and transfer stations each year.
ES.5 Summary of Recommendations
Following is a summary of the recommendations developed during the update of the
IRSWMP.
Implementing a series of programs to reduce the volume of waste entering the landfills
including;
• Developing ordinances requiring mandatory recycling/ source separation of certain
types of materials.
• Expanding the avaIlabffity and increasing the convenience of reuse and recycling
opportunities available to both residents and businesses.
• Implementing aPay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) system for delivery of
waste materials at County recycling and transfer stations, as
currently practiced in over 7,000 communities in the United States.
• Implementing programs that firmly establish the path to zero waste
within the County.
• Implementing a variety of on-site composting programs, supplemented by a certified
master composter program.
• Improving and expanding the scope of educational programs within the County to
increase public awareness of waste reduction and management practices.
• Implementing programs within County departments to improve waste reduction
practices.
ES~4 52812009
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Making improvements to existing infrastructure to accommodate new waste reduction
programs including:
• Reconstructing one or more recycling
and transfer stations each year.
• Restructuring operations of existing
recycling and transfer stations,
including adding full-time attendants,
reducing operating hours, and
potentially closing selected facilities.
• Completing improvements to all
recycling and transfer stations to
accommodate mandatory
recycling/ source separation and the
PAYT system.
• Completing upgrades to selected recycling and transfer station's to create additional
reuse centers.
• Siting, designing and constructing a materials recovery facility (MRF) in West Hawai i,
and modifying the re-load station at the SHSL to convert it to a MRF.
• Contracting for operation of green waste composting operations at the WHSL.
• Procuring a mobile tub grinder to process green waste at select recycling and transfer
stations: material would be ground on-site then made available to residents as mulch.
Expanding the South Hilo Sanitary Landfill to extend capacity including:
• Initial expansion by creating a lined landfill cell on an adjacent 7-acre parcel, which wIll
allow maximum use of airspace at the existing landfill footprint and create
approximately 4 years of additional capacity.
• Developing an engineered wetland adjacent to the landfill to treat leachate, including
procuring regulatory approval of wetlands leachate treatment system.
Conducting investigations, environmental review, and permitting necessary to assess
the feasibility and cost of developing additional capacity at the SHSL through creation of
new lined landfill cells in the existing quarry site adjacent to the current landfill that
would provide an estimated 50 or more years of additional capacity. When those
activities are complete, assess whether or not to expand that landfill or truck waste from
East Hawai i to the WHSL.
• During each subsequent plan review period, continue to evaluate whether or not to
issue an RFP for a new conversion technology for part, or all, of the County residuals
management stream.
5/262009 ES-5
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES.6 May 4, 2009 Draft Implementation Plan
This section provides a draft implementation plan for the County of Hawai i IRSWMP
Update. An initial draft implementation plan was distributed to stakeholders in March 2009
for comment. This implementation plan is a second draft that has been modified based on
comments received during meetings with the SWAC and County Councfl Environmental
Management Committee in April 2009. It is anticipated that this plan will continue to be
adjusted on the basis of comments from the administration, Council, SWAC, and members
of the public prior to submission of the plan to the State Department of Health (DOH).
The implementation plan includes a series of recommendations by plan topic, and includes
estimated expenditures for each recommendation during each year of the 5-year planning
cycle. Implementation plan recommendations are grouped by funding mechanism into two
categories: 1) those that would be implemented and funded through the County's solid
waste operating fund (operations), and 2) those that would be implemented and funded
through the County's capital improvement program (CIP). The draft implementation plan
for operations is shown in Exhibit E5-1, the draft CIP is shown in Exhibit ES-2.
A summary of operating fund revenues and expenses is shown in Exhibit ES-3. This
information relies oncost projections of ongoing programs made by the County Solid Waste
Division through FY 09-10, with the addition of the new programs recommended in this
Plan. The net revenues shown are estimated revenues minus estimated expenses. Based on
these estimates, the County will require additional funding beyond revenues projected from
the PAYT system. The Plan recommends making up the shortfall using a combination of
property tax and/or tipping fee increases. For reference purposes, if no property tax funds
were used, a tipping fee increase of approximately $25 per ton (to about $110 per ton) would
result in projected revenues equaling expenses throughout the 5-year implementation
period. The exact mix of property taxes and tipping fee increases would be determined
during the course of Plan implementation.
Since the last integrated solid waste management plan update in 2002, the County of
Hawai i has made significant progress towards updating and improving its waste
management practices. With the adoption of the Zero Waste philosophy, and the
cooperation of the various stakeholders within the County to implement the
recommendations of this IRSWMP, the County is positioned to become a leading example of
innovative waste management practices in the State. It should be noted that Hawai i County
has adopted a resolution that encourages all Hawai i counties to collaborate and pursue a
single solid waste solution. Thus, this Plan also recommends maintaining flexibility to
examine opportunities for cooperating with other counties to increase economies of scale
and improve overall waste management practices for all State residents.
ES-6 512612009
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