HomeMy WebLinkAboutORD 1993-085 1992-1994COUNTY OF HAWAII STATE OF HAWAII
BILL NO. $$
(Draft 3)
ORDINANCE NO. 93 85
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING CHAPTER 5 OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE
RELATING TO BUILDING.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY HAWAII:
SECTION 1. Chapter 5 of the Hawaii County Code is
repealed.
SECTION 2. The Hawaii County Code is amended by adding a
new Chapter 5 to read as follows:
CHAPTER 5
BUILDING
Article 1. Adoption of Uniform Building Code.
Section 5-1 Adoption of Building Code.
Section 5-2 Amending Section 103.
Section 5-3 Amending Section 202(e).
Section 5-4 Amending Section 203.
Section 5-5 Amending Section 204.
Section 5-6 Amending Section 205.
Section 5-7 Adding Section 206.
Section 5-8 Amending Section 301.
Section 5-9 Arnendi.ng Section 302(b).
Section 5-10 Amending Section 302(c) and deleting
Section 302(d).
Section 5-11 Amending Section 303(a) and (d).
Section 5-12 Amending Section 304.
Section 5-13 Amending Section 305.
Section 5-14 Amending Section 306.
Section 5-15 Amending Section 307.
Section 5-16 Amending Table No. 3-A.
Section 5-17 Amending Section 403.
Section 5-18 Amending Section 404.
Section 5-19 Amending Section 407.
Section 5-20 Amending Section 503(a).
Section 5-21 Amending Section 504(a).
Section 5-22 Amending Section 504(b).
Section 5-23 Amending Section 510(b)3.
Section 5-24 Amending Section 511.
Section 5-25 Amending Section 513.
Section 5-26 Adding Section 514.
Section 5-27 Adding Section 515.
Section 5-28 Amending Table No. 5-A.
Section 5-29 Amending Section 605.
Section 5-30 Amending Section 610(d).
Section 5-31 Amending Section 702(b)1.
Section 5-32 Amending Section 705.
Section 5-33 Amending Section 706.
Section 5-34 Amending Section 709(b).
Section 5-35 Amending Section 709(k).
Section 5-36 Amending Section 802(c).
Section 5-37 Amending Section 802(d).
Section 5-38 Adding S ection 8 05.
-2-
Section 5-39 Adding Section 809.
Section 5-40 Amending Section 905.
Section 5-41 Amending Section 909.
Section 5-42 Amending Section 1009.
Section 5-43 Amending Section 1101.
Section 5-44 Amending Section 1102(a).
Section 5-45 Amending Section 1104.
Section 5-46 Amending Section 1105.
Section 5-47 Adding Section 1112
Section 5-48 Amending Section 1202(b).
Section 5-49 Amending Section 1204.
Section 5-50 Amending Section 1205.
Section 5-51 Amending Section 1206.
Section 5-52 Amending Section 1207.
Section 5-53 Amending Section 1208.
Section 5-54 Amending Section 1211.
Section 5-55 Deleting Section 1212.
Section 5-56 Amending Section 1214.
Section 5-57 Adding Section 1215.
Section 5-58 Amending Section 1706(c).
Section 5-59 Amending Section 1711.
Section 5-60 Amending Section 1712(a).
Section 5-61 Adding Section 1713(d).
Section 5-62 Amending Section 1714(a).
Section 5-63 Amending Section 1714(d).
Section 5-64 Amending Section 1718.
-3-
Section 5-65 Amending Section 1807.
Section 5-66 Adding Section 1908.
Section 5-67 Amending Section 2203.
Section 5-68 Amending Section 2304(e).
Section 5-69 Amending Table No. 23-C.
Section 5-70 Amending Table No. 24-A.
Section 5-71 Adding Section 2516(c)2.
Section 5-72 Amending Section 2516(c)3.
Section 5-73 Adding Section 2516(c)12.
Section 5-74 Adding Appendix Chapter 25.
Section 5-75 Amending Section 2518.
Section 5-76 Amending Section 2901.
Section 5-77 Amending Section 2903(b).
Section 5-78 Deleting Section 2904.
Section 5-79 Amending Section 2908(c).
Section 5-80 Amending Section 3101(a).
Section 5-81 Amending Section 3101(b).
Section 5-82 Amending Section 3103.
Section 5-83 Amending Section 3104(a).
Section 5-84 Deleting Section 3105.
Section 5-85 Amending Section 3303(a).
Section 5-86 Amending Section 3304(b).
Section 5-87 Amending Section 3304(1).
Section 5-88 Amending Section 3305(e).
Section 5-89 Amending Section 3305(f).
Section 5-90 Amending Section 3306(b).
-4-
Section 5-91 Adding Section 3306(1).
Section 5-92 Amending Section 3307(d).
Section 5-93 Amending Section 3307(e).
Section 5-94 Amending Section 3309(a).
Section 5-95 Amending Section 3310(b).
Section 5-96 Adding Section 33 13(c).
Section 5-97 Amending Section 3318(k).
Section 5-98 Amending Section 3801(a).
Section 5-99 Amending Section 3802.
Section 5-100 Amending Section 3805(c).
Section 5-101 Adding Section 3805(f).
Section 5-102 Amending Section 3806.
Section 5-103 Amending Table No. 38-A.
Section 5-104 Amending Section 3902.
Section 5-105 Amending Section 4005.
Section 5-106 Amending Section 4304(e).
Section 5-107 Amending Section 4304(f).
Section 5-108 Amending Section 4305(e).
Section 5-109 Adding Section 4401.
Section 5-110 Amending Section 4403.
Section 5-111 Amending Section 4405.
Section 5-112 Amending Section 4406.
Section 5-113 Amending Section 4407.
Section 5-114 Amending Table No. 44-A.
Section 5-115 Amending Section 4501.
Section 5-116 Deleting Section 4502.
-5-
Section 5-117 Deleting Section 4503.
Section 5-118 Amending Section 4504.
Section 5-119 Amending Section 4505.
Section 5-120 Amending Section 4506(b).
Section 5-121 Amending Section 4506(c).
Section 5-122 Amending Section 4507.
Section 5-123 Adding Chapter 49.
Section 5-124 Deleting Chapter 50.
Section 5-125 Deleting Chapter 51.
Section 5-126 Adding Chapter 53.
Section 5-127 Amending Section 5405.
Section 5-128 Amending Section 5406(b).
Section 5-129 Adding Chapter 57.
Section 5-130 Amending Section 6001.
Section 5-131 Adding Chapter 61.
Section 5-132 Adding Chapter 62.
Section 5-133 Adding Chapter 63.
Section 5-134 Adding Chapter 64.
-6-
ARTICLE 1.
Adoption of Uniform Building Code
Section 5-1. Adoption of building code.
(a) The "Uniform Building Code, 1991 Edition," as
copyrighted and published in 1991 by the International
Conference of Building Officials, 5360 South Workman Mill Road,
Whittier, California 90601, is adopted by reference and made a
part of this chapter, subject to the amendments in this article.
(b) The word "state" or "city" when used in the "Uniform
Building Code, 1991 Edition," means the County, except for
those sections amended in this article.
Section 5-2. Amending Section 103.
(a) Section 103 is amended by amending the first
paragraph to read as follows:
"Section 103. The provisions of this Code shall apply to
the construction, alteration, moving, demolition, repair, and
use of any building or structure within the county inland of
the shoreline highwater line, except work located primarily in
a public way, public utility towers and poles, mechanical
equipment not specifically regulated in this Code, and
hydraulic flood control structures."
(b) Section 103 is amended by adding the fourth paragraph
to read as follows:
-7-
"Wherever in this Code reference is made to the Mechanical
Code, the provisions in the Mechanical Code shall be deemed
only guides and not mandatory."
Section 5-3. Amending Section 202(e).
Section 202(e) is amended to read:
"(e) Violations. Whenever any building is being used or
constructed contrary to the provisions of this code, the
building official shall serve a notice to the party responsible
for the violation to make the structure or portion thereof
comply with the requirements of this code.
"Every such order shall be in writing, addressed to the
owner, agent or person responsible for the violation and shall
specify the date or time for compliance with such order.
"The notice may order the use of a building to be
discontinued and the building vacated whenever the violation is
found to be dangerous, unsafe or a menace to life, health or
property."
Section 5-4. Amending Section 203.
Section 203 is amended to read:
"Sec. 203. Unsafe Buildings.
(a) General. All buildings or structures which are
structurally unsafe or not provided with adequate egress, or
which constitute a fire hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to
human life, or which in relation to existing use constitute a
hazard to safety, health or public welfare by reason of
-8-
inadequate maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, fire hazard
or abandonment, as specified in this code or any other
effective ordinance are, for the purpose of this section,
unsafe buildings. All such unsafe buildings are hereby
declared to be public nuisances and shall be abated by repair,
rehabilitation, demolition or removal in accordance with the
procedure specified in subsections (b), (c), (d), and (e) of
this section.
"(b) Notice to Owner. The building official shall
examine or cause to be examined every building or structure or
portion thereof reported as dangerous or damaged and, if such
is found to be an unsafe building as defined in this section,
the building official shall give to the owner of such building
or structure written notice stating the defects thereof. This
notice may require the owner or person in charge of the
building or premises, within 48 hours, to commence either the
required repairs or improvements or demolition and removal of
the building or structure or portions thereof, and all such
work shall be completed within 90 days from date of notice,
unless otherwise required by the building official. If
necessary, such notice also shall require the building,
structure or portion thereof to be vacated forthwith and not
reoccuppied until the required repairs and improvements are
completed, inspected, and approved by the building official.
-9-
"Proper service of such notice shall be by personal
service, registered mail or certified mail upon the owner of
record, provided, that if such notice is by registered mail or
certified mail, the designated period within which said owner
or person in charge is required to comply with the order of the
building official shall begin as of the date he receives such
notice.
"(c) Posting of Signs. The building official shall cause
to be posted at each entrance to buildings ordered vacated a
notice to read: DO NOT ENTER. UNSAFE TO OCCUPY. DEPARTMENT
OF PUBLIC WORKS, COUNTY OF HAWAII. Such notice shall remain
posted until the required repairs, demolition or removal are
completed. Such notice shall not be removed without written
permission of the building official, and no person shall enter
the building except for the purpose of making the required
repairs or of demolishing the building.
"(d) Action Upon Noncompliance. In case the owner shall
fail, neglect or refuse to comply with the notice to repair,
rehabilitate or to demolish and remove said building or
structure or portion thereof, the building official may order
the owner of the building prosecuted as a violator of the
provisions of this code.
"(e) Nothing contained herein shall be construed to limit
or restrict the building official from instituting, on behalf
of the County, any other legal or equitable proceedings, in
-10-
addition to those specified herein, to obtain compliance with
the notice to repair, rehabilitate or to demolish and remove
said building or structure or portion thereof, and to recover
the cost of such work from the owner or attach a lien to the
property.
Section 5-5. Amending section 204.
Section 209 is amended to read as follows:
"Section 204. Variances; appeals.
(a) Variances. Whenever strict application of any
provision of this chapter, except for the provisions relating
to materials, methods of construction, equipment, devices, or
appliances, would result in practical difficulty or unnecessary
hardship that would deprive the owner of the reasonable use of
the land or building involved, the owner may petition the board
of appeals for a variance from the provision. In granting a
variance, the board of appeals shall prescribe any conditions
that it deems to be necessary or desirable. However, no
variance from the strict application of this chapter shall be
granted by the board of appeals unless it finds:
"(1) That there are special circumstances or
conditions applying to the land or building for which the
variance is sought, which circumstances or conditions are
peculiar to such land or building and do not apply generally to
lands or buildings in the neighborhood or surrounding property,
and that the circumstances or conditions are such that the
-11-
strict application of the provisions of this chapter would
deprive the applicant of the reasonable use of the land or
building; and
"(2) That the granting of the variance is necessary
for the reasonable use of the land or building and that the
variance granted is the minimum variance that will accomplish
this purpose; and
"(3) That the granting of the variance will be
consistent with the intent and purpose of this chapter, and
will be not injurious to persons or property or create
additional fire hazards, and will not otherwise be detrimental
to the public welfare. In making its determination, the board
of appeals shall take into account the character, use, and type
of occupancy and construction of adjoining buildings, buildings
on adjoining lots, and the building or land involved.
"(b) Appeals Regarding Alternate Materials and Methods of
Construction. Any person denied the use of new or alternate
materials, methods of construction, equipment, devices, or
appliances by the building official may, within thirty days
after the building official's decision, appeal the decision to
the board of appeals. In considering an appeal, the board may
require any reasonable test of the proposed material, method of
construction, equipment, device, appliance, and the appellant
shall pay all expenses necessary for the test. The board of
appeals may affirm the decision of the building official, or it
may reverse the decision if it finds:
-12-
"(1) That the new or alternate materials, methods of
construction, equipment, devices, or appliances meet standards
established by the Uniform Building Code and this chapter; and
"(2) That permitting the requested use will not
jeopardize the safety of persons or property; and
"(3) That the requested use will not be contrary to
the intent and purpose of the Uniform Building Code and this
chapter.
"(c) Other Appeals. Any person aggrieved by the decision
of the building official in the administration or application
of this chapter, other than that prescribed in subsections
(a) and (b), may, within thirty days after the building
official's decision, appeal the decision to the board of
appeals. The board of appeals may affirm the decision of the
building official, or it may reverse or modify the decision if
the decision is:
"(1) In violation of this chapter or other
applicable law; or
"(2) clearly erroneous in view of the reliable,
probative, and substantial evidence on the whole record; or
"(3) Arbitrary, or capricious, or characterized by
an abuse of discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of
discretion.
"(d) Rules. The board of appeals shall adopt rules
pursuant to chapter 91, Hawaii Revised Statutes, necessary for
the purposes of this section."
-13-
Section 5-6. Amending Section 205.
Section 205 is amended to read as follows:
"Section 205. Violations and Penalties.
(a) General. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm,
or corporation to erect, construct, enlarge, alter, repair,
move, improve, remove, convert or demolish, equip, use, occupy,
or maintain any building or structure or cause or permit the
same to be done in violation of this code.
(b) Notice of Violation. Whenever any person, firm, or
corporation violates any provisions of this code, the building
official shall serve a notice of violation to the party
responsible for the violation to make the building or structure
or portion thereof comply with the requirements of this code.
The notice of violation shall include at least the
following information:
(1) Date of the notice;
(2) The name and address of the person noticed and
the location of the violation;
(3) The section number of the ordinance, code, or
rule which has been violated;
(4) The nature of the violation;
(5) The deadline for compliance with the notice; and
(6) Appeal to Building official information.
-14-
(c) Criminal Prosecution.
(1) General. Any person, firm, or corporation
violating any of the provisions of this code shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and each such person shall be deemed
guilty of a separate offense for each and every day or portion
thereof during which any violation of any provisions of this
code is committed, continued, or permitted, and upon conviction
of any such violation such person shall be punishable by a fine
of not more than $1,000, or by imprisonment for not more than
one year, or by both fine and imprisonment.
(2) Any officer, or inspector designated by the
building official, who has been deputized by the chief of
police as a special officer for the purpose of enforcing the
provisions of the Building Code (hereinafter referred to as
'authorized personnel'), may issue a summons or citation in
accordance with the procedure specified in this section.
Nothing in this section shall be construed as barring such
authorized personnel from initiating prosecution by warrant or
such other judicial process as is permitted by statute or rule
of court.
(3) Any authorized personnel designated by the
building official, upon making an arrest for a violation of the
Building Code may take the name and address of the alleged
violator and shall issue to the violator in writing a summons
or citation hereinafter described, notifying the violator to
answer the complaint to be entered against the violator at a
place and at a time provided in said summons or citation.
-15-
(4) There shall be provided for use by authorized
personnel, a form of summons or citation for use in citing
violators of the Building Code which does not mandate the
physical arrest of such violators. The form and content of
such summons or citation shall be as adopted or prescribed by
the administrative judge of the district court and shall be
printed on a form commensurate with the form of other summonses
or citations used in modern methods of arrest, so designed to
include all necessary information to make the same valid within
the laws and regulations of the State of Hawaii and the County
of Hawaii.
(5) In every case when a citation is issued, the
original of the same shall be given to the violator; provided
that the administrative judge of the district court may
prescribe by giving to the violator a carbon copy of the
citation and provide for the disposition of the original and
any other copies.
(6) Every citation shall be consecutively numbered
and each carbon copy shall bear the number of its respective
original.
(d) Administrative Enforcement. In lieu of or in
addition, if the building official determines that any person,
firm, or corporation is not complying with a notice of
violation, the building official may have the party responsible
for the violation served, by mail or delivery, with an order
pursuant to this section.
-16-
(1) Contents of the Order.
(A) The order may require the party responsible
for the violation to do any or all of the following:
(a) Correct the violation within the time
specified in the order;
(b) Pay a civil fine not to exceed $1,000
in the manner, at the place and before the date
specified in the order;
(c) Pay a civil fine not to exceed $1,000
per day for each day in which the violation
persists, in the manner and at the time and
place specified in the order.
(B) The order shall advise the party
responsible for the violation that the order shall
become final 30 calendar days after the date of its
delivery. The order shall also advise that the
building official's action may be appealed to the
Board of Appeals.
(2) Effect of Order; Right to Appeal. The
provisions of the order issued by the building official under
this section shall become final 30 calendar days after the date
of the delivery of the order. The party responsible for the
violation may appeal the order to the Board of Appeals as
provided by Section 204 of this code. The appeal must be
-17-
received in writing on or before the date the order becomes
final. However, an appeal to the Board of Appeals shall not
stay any provision of the order.
(3) Judicial Enforcement of Order. The building
official may institute a civil action in any court of competent
jurisdiction for the enforcement of any order issued pursuant
to this section. Where the civil action has been instituted to
enforce the civil fine imposed by said order, the building
official need only show that the notice of violation and order
were served, that a civil fine was imposed; the amount of the
civil fine imposed and that the fine imposed has not been paid."
Section 5-7. Adding Section 206.
Section 206 is added to read as follows:
"Section 206. Application of other laws. Any provisions
of this code to the contrary notwithstanding, the following
shall be at all times in full force and effect, and in case of
conflicting requirements, the stricter shall be complied with:
"Hawaii Revised Statutes;
"Rules and regulations of the State department of land
utilization;
"Ordinances of the County of Hawaii;
"Rules and regulations of the planning department;
"Subdivision rules and regulations adopted pursuant to the
subdivision chapter of the County Code;
-18-
"Rules and regulations of the County department of water
supply;
"Public health regulations, State department of health;
"Rules and regulations of the State department of labor
and industrial relations;
"Fire chapter of the County Code;
"Airport zoning regulations of the State director of
transportation.
"All materials specified in this code shall not contain
asbestos."
Section 5-8. Amending Section 301.
Section 301 is amended to read as follows:
(a) Permits Required. No person, firm, or corporation
shall erect, construct, enlarge, alter, repair, move, improve,
remove, convert, or demolish any building or structure in the
County, or cause the same to be done, without first obtaining a
separate building permit for each building or structure from
the building official; provided that one permit may be obtained
for a dwelling and its accessories, such as fence, wall, pool,
and garage without living quarter.
EXCEPTIONS: A permit is not required for:
(1) Work excepted under section 103.
(2) Temporary buildings and fences used during
construction.
-19-
(3) Reroofing work with like material and
installation of siding to existing exterior walls which will
not affect the structural components of the walls for Groups
R-3 and M Occupancies.
(4) Temporary tents or other coverings used for
private family parties or for camping on approved camp grounds.
(5) Television and radio antennas accessory to R-1
and R-3 Occupancies. Satellite or microwave dishes with
supports 6'-0" or less in height.
(6) Awnings projecting up to four feet and attached
to the exterior walls of buildings of Group R-3 or M Occupancy;
provided that the awnings do not violate the provision for
"yards" in Chapter 25 (Zoning) of the County Code.
(7) Standard electroliers not over 35 feet in height
above finish grade.
(8) Installation of wall paper or wall covering
which are exempted under the provisions of Section 4201.
(9) Repairs which involve only the replacement of
component parts or existing work with similar materials for the
purpose of maintenance, and which do not aggregate over $1000
in valuation in any twelve-month period, and do not affect any
electrical or mechanical installations.
(10) Painting and decorating.
(11) Installation of floor covering.
-20-
(12) Cabinet work for R-3 Occupancy and individual
units of R-1 and M Occupancies which are not regulated under
Section 513. Wall mounted shelving not affecting fire
resistance or structural members of wall.
(13) Work performed under the jurisdiction of Federal
Government and/or located in Federal property.
(14) Swimming pools for one and two family dwelling
units less than 3'-0" in depth.
(15) Fences and retaining walls when 6'-0" or less in
height.
(16) Animal shelters, storage sheds, and towers, less
than 6'-0" in height.
(17) Detached decks or platforms less than 30" in
height above grade.
(18) Playground equipment, excluding assembly or
similar waiting areas.
(b) Emergency Work. Emergency work may commence without
a permit; however, a permit for the work shall be obtained on
the working day immediately following the day work is commenced.
(c) Temporary Permit Required. No person, firm, or
corporation shall erect any tent or similar structure which is
to be used for commercial or religious purposes, such as
rallies, festivals, amusements, and sideshows, without first
obtaining a temporary permit for the tent or structure from the
building official. To secure a permit, approval must also be
-21-
obtained from the chief of the fire department. A permit for a
tent or similar structure shall be nonrenewable and limited to
a period of not more than thirty consecutive days and may be
cancelled for cause by the building official or the fire
department at any time before expiration of the time stated in
the permit. Upon cancellation or upon the expiration of the
time stated in the permit the structure or structures shall be
promptly removed. No tent of canvas, plastic, or similar
material shall be used for residence purposes.
Section 5-9. Amending Section 302(b).
Section 302(b) is amended to read as follows:
(b) Two sets of plans and specifications shall be
submitted for dwellings (R-3 Occupancy) and accessory
structures for dwellings. Three sets of plans and
specifications shall be submitted for all other occupancies.
All plans and specifications relating to work which
affects the public safety or health and for which a building
permit is required shall be prepared, designed and stamped by a
duly registered professional engineer or architect in
accordance with Chapter 464, Hawaii Revised Statutes. For
residential (R-3 Occupancies) and accessory (M Occupancies)
only, plans and specifications shall be designed and stamped by
a professional architect or structural engineer when any of the
following applies:
1. Single story structure and more than 1300 square feet
of R-3 Occupancy.
_22_
2. Mixed occupancy structure (R-3 and M Occupancies)
with more than 1800 square feet of total area. Item
#1 criteria applies.
3. For two-storied structures, when the total floor area
for R-3 Occupancy exceeds 1300 square feet or when
the total area of R-3 and M Occupancies exceeds
1800 square feet.
4. Three or more storied structures for R-3 or
M Occupancies.
All plans for retaining walls over six feet in height
shall be designed and stamped by a professional architect or
engineer in the structural or civil branches pursuant to
Chapter 464, Hawaii Revised Statutes.
All plans for post and pier type construction for
perimeter foundation walls of R-3 Occupancies shall be designed
and stamped by a professional architect or structural engineer.
All trusses more than 30'-0" spans shall be designed and
stamped by a professional architect or structural engineer.
Section 5-10. Amending Section 302(c) and delete
Section 302(d).
Section 302(c) is amended to read as follows:
(c) Information on Plans and Specifications. Plans and
specification shall be drawn to scale upon substantial paper or
cloth and shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the nature
and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will
-23-
conform to the provisions of this code and all relevant laws,
ordinances, rules and regulations. The first sheet of each set
of plans shall give the tax map key number of the work site and
the name and address of the owner and person who prepared the
plans. Plans shall include a plot plan showing the location of
the proposed building and of every existing building on the
property. In lieu of detailed specifications, the building
official may approve references on the plans to a specific
section or part of this code or other ordinances or laws.
Computations, stress diagrams, and other data sufficient
to show the correctness of the plans, shall be submitted when
required by the building official.
Section 5-11. Amending Section 303(a) and (d).
Section 303(a) is amended to read as follows:
(a) Issuance. The application, plans, and specifications
filed by an applicant for a permit shall be reviewed by the
building official. Plans shall be reviewed by any other
appropriate department of the County and the State to verify
compliance with laws and ordinances under their jurisdiction.
If the building official finds that the work described in an
application for a permit and the plans, specifications and
other data filed therewith conform to the requirements of this
Code and other pertinent laws and ordinances, and the fees
specified in Section 304(a) have been paid, the building
official shall issue a permit therefore to the applicant;
-24-
provided that no permit shall be issued for the moving of any
building or structure or portion thereof which has deteriorated
or has been damaged to an extent greater than fifty percent of
the cost of replacement (new) of such building or structure.
When the building official issues the permit, he shall
endorse in writing or stamp on all sets of plans and
specifications "APPROVED". Such approved plans and
specification shall not be changed, modified, or altered
without authorization from the building official, and all work
shall be done in accordance with the approved plans.
The building official may issue a permit for the
construction of part of the building or structure before the
entire plans and specifications for the whole building or
structure have been submitted or approved, provided adequate
information and detailed statements have been filed complying
with all pertinent requirements of this code. The holder of
such permit shall proceed at his own risk without assurance
that the permit for the entire building or structure will be
granted.
The building permit shall be posted in a conspicuous place
on the site during the progress of work.
No permit issued shall authorize any person or contractor
to do work upon any phase of the building, structure or project
unless specifically identified in the permit application,
-25-
including any attachment or amendments thereto, as the
contractor or subcontractor designated to do that particular
phase of work.
If there is a change in the designation of any contractor
for any phase of work subsequent to the issuance of a permit
and prior to the commencement or work, the permittee shall
submit the change in writing to the building official and
request approval of the change.
Section 303(d) is amended to read as follows:
(d) Expiration. Every permit issued by the building
official under the provisions of this Code shall expire by
limitation and become null and void; if the building or work
authorized by the permit is not commenced within 120 days from
the date of the permit, or if the building or work authorized
by the permit is suspended or abandoned at any time after the
work is commenced for a period of 120 days; provided that in
the event of strikes or other causes beyond the control of the
building contractor or owner, the building official may, in
writing, extend the 120 day period for commencement or
suspension after the work is commenced for a period not
exceeding six months.
Where a permit expires, before the work can be
recommenced, a new permit shall be first obtained and the fee
for the permit shall be one-half the amount required for the
original permit for the work; provided that no changes have
-26-
been made or will be made in the original plans and
specifications for the work; and provided, further, that the
suspension or abandonment has not exceeded one year.
Section 5-12. Amending Section 304.
Section 304 is amended to read as follows:
(a) Permit Fees.
(1) The fee for each permit shall be as set forth in
Table 3-A.
(2) The determination of value or valuation under
any of the provisions of this code shall be made by the
building official. The valuation to be used in computing the
permit fees shall be the total value of all construction work
for which the permit is issued, as well as all finish work,
painting, roofing, electrical, plumbing, heating, air
conditioning, elevators, fire-extinguishing systems and any
other permanent work or permanent equipment.
(3) When work for which a permit is required by this
code has commenced without obtaining said building permit, the
fees specified shall be doubled, but the payment of such double
fee shall not relieve any person from fully complying with the
requirements of this code in the execution of the work nor from
any other penalties prescribed in this code.
(b) Refunds. Refunds for permits shall be made in
accordance with Section 2-12 of the County code.
_2~_
All permits for which such refunds are made shall be void.
(c) Compliance with Hawaii Revised Statutes: Identity of
Licenses. It shall be unlawful for any permittee to perform or
allow to be performed, any work covered by the permit issued in
violation of chapter 444, Hawaii Revised Statutes, relating to
the licensing of contractors.
(d) Exemption. The County, all agencies of the County,
and contractors with the County, shall be exempt from the
requirement of paying any permit fee.
Section 5-13. Amending Section 305.
Section 305 is amended to read:
(b) Posting of Building Permit. Work requiring a permit
shall not be commenced until the permit holder or an agent of
the permit holder shall have posted, in a conspicuous place on
the site, the building permit. The building permit shall be
readily visable for the building official to identify and make
all required inspections.
"(c) Inspection Requests. It shall be the duty of the
person doing the work authorized by a permit to notify the
building official that such work is ready for inspection. The
building official may require that every request for inspection
be filed at least 48 hours before such inspection is desired.
Such request may be in writing or by telephone at the option of
the building official.
-28-
"It shall be the duty of the person requesting any
inspections required by this code to provide access to and
means for proper inspection of such work.
(e) The first paragraph is deleted.
(g) Additional and Miscellaneous Inspections. A
requested or scheduled inspection wherein the work to be
inspected is not complete or ready for inspection, the permit
holder of the permit shall pay the Director of Finance $50 for
each inspection. A requested inspection wherein no permit has
been issued or for general requirements regarding the health,
safety or welfare of the people, the person requesting the
inspection shall pay the Director of Finance $50 for each
inspection.
Section 5-14. Amending Section 306.
Section 306 is amended as follows:
(a) The first sentence of Subsection (a) is amended to
read:
"Sec. 306. (a) General. In addition to the inspections
required by Section 305, the owner shall employ one or more
special inspectors independent of the contractors performing
the work. The special inspector shall provide inspections
during construction on the following types of work:"
-29-
(d.) Section 306 (b) is amended by adding a paragraph to
read:
"The building official may impose reasonable fees to cover
the cost to conduct examinations in licensing of special
inspectors and issue registration cards."
(e.) Section 306 (c) second paragraph is amended to read:
"2. The special inspector shall furnish inspection
reports to the owner, the engineer or architect of record, and
other owner-designated persons. All discrepancies shall be
brought to the immediate attention of the contractor for
correction, then, if uncorrected, to the proper design
authority and to the building official."
(f.) Subsection (d) is amended by adding a second
paragraph to read:
"The employment of a special inspector shall not be
required for construction work for any government agency that
provides its own inspections."
(g) Subsection (f) is amended to read:
"(g) Approved Fabricators. Special inspections required
by this section and elsewhere in this code shall not be
required where the work is done on the premises of a fabricator
approved by the building official to perform such work without
special inspection. The certificate of approval shall be
subject to revocation by the building official if it is found
that any work done pursuant to the approval is in violation of
this code."
-30-
Section 5-15. Section 307 is amended to read:
"Structural Observation. Observation of construction
shall be in accordance to Chapter 464 of Hawaii Revised
Statutes and Chapter 16-82 of the Hawaii Administrative Rules.
A statement from the Engineer or Architect stating the site
visits have been made and that any deficiencies noted have been
corrected shall be submitted when required by the Building
Official.
Section 5-16. Amending Table No. 3-A.
Table No. 3-A is amended to read as follows:
Table 3-A - Building Permit Fees.
Fees shall be as follows:
A. Dwellings $20.00 per 100 sq. ft. or fraction
(To include all thereof
enclosed areas under
roof except for areas
listed under "B")
B. (Carport, garages $10.00 per 100 sq. ft. or fraction
porches, patios or thereof
lanais and detached
M-1 structures)
-31-
C. All other occupancies shall be based on valuation and
the schedule below:
0 to $500 $10.00
$501 to $2,000 $10 for the first $500 plus $1.50
for each additional $100 or
fraction thereof, to and
including $2,000
$2,001 to $25,000 $32.50 for the first $2,000 plus
$7.50 for each additional $1,000
or fraction thereof, to and
including $25,000
$25,001 to $50,000 $205.00 for the first $25,000
plus $6.00 for each additional
$1,000 or fraction thereof, to
and including $50,000
$50,001 and up $355.00 for the first $50,000
plus $3.00 for each additional
$1,000 or fraction thereof.
Section 5-17. Amending Section 403.
The sixth paragraph of Section 403 is amended to read:
"BUILDING. A building is any structure used or intended
for supporting any use or occupancy. The term shall include
but not be limited to any structure mounted on wheels such as a
trailer, wagon or vehicle which is parked and stationary for
any 24-hour period, and is used for business or living
purposes; provided however that the term shall not include a
push cart or push wagon which is readily movable and which does
-32-
not exceed 25 square feet in area, nor shall the term include a
trailer or vehicle, used exclusively for the purpose of selling
any commercial product therefrom, which holds a vehicle license
and actually travels on public or private streets."
The seventh paragraph of Section 403 is amended to read:
"BUILDING, EXISTING, is a building for which a legal
building permit has been issued, or one which complied with the
Building Code in effect at the time the building was erected."
The last paragraph of Section 403 is amended to read:
BUILDING OFFICIAL is the chief engineer of the County
Department of Public Works or the chief engineer's authorized
deputy.
Section 5-18. Amending Section 404.
The following paragraphs are added before the definition
of "CAST STONE":
"CARPORT is a private garage which is at least 100 percent
open on one side and with 50 percent net openings on another
side or which is provided with an equivalent of such openings
on two or more sides.
"A private garage which is 100 percent open on one side
and 25 percent open on another side with the latter opening so
located to provide adequate cross ventilation may be considered
a carport when approved by the building official."
The following paragraphs are added after the definition of
"CHIEF OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT":
"CITY shall mean the County of Hawaii."
-33-
"COUNTY COUNCIL shall mean the County Council of the
County."
Section 5-19. Amending Section 407.
Section 407 is amended by changing the definition of
"FAMILY" to read:
"FAMILY shall be as defined in the Zoning Code except that
a nursing, care home, or other similar facility with not more
than five patients may be considered a family under this code."
Section 5-20. Amending Exception 3 of Section 503(x).
Exception 3 of Section 503(x) is amended to read:
"3. An occupancy separation need not be provided between
a Group R, Division 3 Occupancy and a carport having no
enclosed uses above or below." (See requirements in
Chapter 11, herein.)
Section 5-21. Amending Section 504(x).
Section 504(x) is amended to read:
"(a) General. Building shall adjoin or have access to a
public way or yard on not less than one side. Required yards
shall be permanently maintained.
"For the purpose of this section, the center line of an
adjoining public way shall be considered an adjacent property
line, and the center line of an adjoining private right-of-way
not less than 10 feet in width shall be considered an adjacent
property line if the owner of the premises for which the
building permit application is filed owns a portion thereof.
With the exception of a pedestrian walkway, bridge or ramp used
-34-
for thoroughfare purposes only, such private rights-of-way
shall be unobstructed from the ground to the sky and
permanently maintained as such.
"Eaves over required windows shall not be less than 30
inches from side and rear property lines. For eaves, see
Section 1711.
"No building or structure or any portion thereof shall be
located on or over a property line except an arcade, bridge, or
ramp used for thoroughfare purposes only, or as otherwise
permitted in this code and in the Zoning Code."
Section 5-22. Amending Section 504(b).
Section 504(b) is amended by adding an exception after the
first paragraph to read:
"EXCEPTION: Lot lines established within a joint,
cluster, or similar development under the Zoning Code and
boundary lines established for condominium ownership purpose
only shall not be considered as property lines for the purpose
of this section.
Section 5-23. Amending Section 510(b)3.
Section 510(b)3 is amended by adding a second paragraph to
read:
"Built-up shower receptors shall conform to Chapter 17
(Plumbing Code of the County Code.)"
Section 5-24. Amending Section 511.
Section 511 is amended to read:
"Access to Toilet Facilities. Each water closet stool
shall be located in a clear space not less than 30 inches in
-35-
width and have a clear space in front of the water closet stool
of not less than 24 inches.
"Where toilet facilities are provided on any floor where
access by the physically handicapped is required, such
facilities shall comply with Section 5-134 (Chapter 64)."
Section 5-25. Amending Section 513.
Section 513 is amended to read:
"Sec. 513. (a) Clearance for Cooking Units. There shall
be a minimum vertical clearance of not less than 30 inches
above the cooking top to unprotected combustible material
above. When the underside of such combustible material is
protected with insulating millboard at least 1/4 inch thick
covered with sheet metal of not less than 0.021 inch (No. 28
U.S. gauge) or a metal ventilating hood, the clearance shall be
not less than 24 inches to the protective material or hood.
"(b) Minimum Horizontal Clearance. The minimum
horizontal clearance from the burner head(s) of a top (or
surface) cooking unit to combustible walls extending above the
cooking surface shall be not less than 12 inches.
"EXCEPTION: Walls of combustible materials to be
installed within 12 inches of a cooking unit shall be provided
with protection equivalent to 1/2-inch gypsum wallboard covered
with laminated plastic on wood backing to a minimum height of
four inches above the burner.
"(c) Surface Finish. Where alternate materials other
than as specified in Section 513(a) and the exception to
-36-
Section 513(b) are used as approved by the building official,
the surface of such material shall have a smooth, nonabsorbent
finish."
Section 5-26. Adding Section 514.
Section 514 is added to read:
"Sec. 514. Ceiling Height.
"Unless otherwise specified in this Code, the ceiling
height shall be not less than 7 feet and projections below the
ceiling may be permitted provided the clearance is not less
than 6 feet 6 inches."
Section 5-27. Adding Section 515.
Section 515 is added to read as follows:
Section 515. Common Boundary Walls. Common boundary wall
may be permitted upon submission of a written agreement between
the owners of the properties involved for the construction of
the wall, provided the construction is not in conflict with
other applicable laws and ordinances.
The minimum requirements for construction of common
boundary walls shall be as follows:
(1) The wall shall be of four-hour fire resistive
rating, shall have no openings, and shall extend a minimum of
four feet beyond the exterior wall or to the outer edges of
horizontal projecting elements such as balconies, roof
overhangs, canopies, marquees, or architectural projections.
(2) Where the exterior wall at the termination of
common boundary wall borders a street right-of-way, the
-37-
exterior wall adjacent to the common boundary wall shall be not
less than four-hour fire resistive construction for a distance
of two feet on each side of the common boundary wall.
(3) The wall shall extend from the foundation to a
point thirty inches above the roof and where the wall separates
buildings of different heights, the wall shall terminate at a
point thirty inches above the higher roof level.
(4) The wall shall be designed to support all loads
superimposed upon it as required by Part V - Engineering
Regulations - Quality and Design of the Materials of
Construction.
Section 5-28. Amending Table No. 5-A.
Table No. 5-A is amended as follows:
(a) In Group A-3 Occupancy and Groups B-1 and B-2
Occupancies, the entry under the column "Fire Resistance of
Exterior walls" is amended to read as follows:
2 hours less than 5 feet, 1 hour less than 10 feet.
(b) The descriptions for Group M Occupancies are amended
to read:
"1. Private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural
buildings, greenhouses, and lath houses, when not over 1,000
square feet in area
"2. Fences, retaining walls, swimming pools, tanks, and
towers.
"3. Agricultural buildings and structures more than
1,000 square feet in area, including buildings for storage,
livestock and poultry; milking barns; shade and horticultural
structures.
-38-
Section 5-29. Amending Section 605.
Section 605 is amended to read:
"Sec. 605. (a) Light, Ventilation, and Sanitation. All
enclosed portions and toilet rooms of Group A Occupancies
customarily used by human beings and all dressing rooms shall
be provided with natural light by means of exterior glazed
openings with an area not less than one tenth of the total
floor area, and natural ventilation by means of openable
exterior openings with an area of not less than one twentieth
of the total floor area with a minimum area of 3 square feet,
or shall be provided with artificial light and a mechanically
operated ventilating system as specified in Chapter 39, Title
11, Administrative Rules of the Department of Health, State of
Hawaii.
"(b) In a building or portion of a building containing a
new Group A Occupancy such as an entertainment center, movie
theater, sports arena, or other similar occupancies, the number
of water closets available to persons who are not employed in
that building or portion shall be subject to the following
ratio. The number of water closets available to females shall
be at least twice the number available to males."
Section 5-30. Amending Section 610(d).
Section 610(d) is amended to read:
"Public Address System. A public address system which is
audible throughout the amusement building shall be provided in
-39-
Section 5-31. Amending Section 702(b)1.
Section 702(b)1 is amended by amending the heading to read:
"(b) Special Provisions. 1. Group B, Division 1 or
Group B, Division 3 with Group A, Division 3; Group B,
Division 2; or Group R, Division 1 Occupancy above."
Section 5-32. Amending Section 705.
Section 705 is amended to read:
"Sec. 705. Light, Ventilation, and Sanitation. All
portions of Group B Occupancies, other than rooms for which
requirements are specified elsewhere in this section, shall be
provided with light, ventilation, and sanitation as specified
in Section 605(a).
"In all buildings or portions thereof where Class I, II,
or III-A liquids are used and in all parking garages, other
than open parking garages as defined in Section 709(b), used
for storing or handling of automobiles operating under their
own power, mechanical ventilation shall be provided as
specified in Chapter 39, Title 11, Administrative Rules of the
Department of Health, State of Hawaii."
Section 5-33. Amending Section 706.
Section 706 is amended by amending the third paragraph to
read:
"For protection of opening for escalators and vehicular
ramps, see Section 1706(c)."
-40-
Section 5-34. Amending Section 709(b).
Section 709(b) is amended by amending the exception to
read:
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. The grade-level tier may contain an
office, waiting and toilet rooms having a total area of not
more than 1,000 square feet and such area need not be separated
from the open parking garage.
"2. In buildings housing a Group A, Division 2, 2.1, 3,
4, Group B or Group R, Division 1 Occupancy, open parking
garages are permitted when all of the following conditions are
met:
"a. The garage portion of the building is of Type I
construction.
"b. There is a two-hour occupancy separation between
the open parking garage and all portions of the Group A,
Division 2, 2.1, 3, 4, Group B or Group R, Division 1
Occupancy."
Section 5-35. Amending Section 709(k).
Section 709(k) is amended to read:
"(k) Ventilation. Ventilation shall comply with the
requirements as specified in Administrative Rules of the
Department of Health, State of Hawaii."
Section 5-36. Amending Section 802(c).
Section 802(c) is amended by adding exception No. 3 to
read:
"EXCEPTIONS: 3. In a building of Type I, II-F.R., III
One-Hour, IV-Heavy Timber, II One-Hour or V One-Hour
construction, rooms for second grade pupils may be permitted on
the second story above grade."
-41-
Section 5-37. Amending Section 802(d).
Section 802(d) is amended by adding a third paragraph to
read:
"Laboratories, woodworking and metal-working shops,
machine shops, paint shops, and similar areas need not be
separated from classrooms where visual communication is
required between such areas and classrooms."
Section 5-38. Amending Section 805.
Section 605 is amended to read:
"Sec. 805. Light, Ventilation, and Sanitation. All
portions of Group E Occupancies shall be provided with light,
ventilation, and sanitation as specified in Section 605(a)."
Section 5-39. Amending Section 809.
Section 809 is amended to read:
"Sec. 809. Fire Alarms. Fire alarm systems shall comply
with the 'Fire Code' and be approved by the Fire Chief."
Section 5-40. Amending Section 905.
Section 905 is amended to read:
"Sec. 905. Light, Ventilation and Sanitation. All
portions of Group H Occupancies, other than rooms for which
requirements are specified elsewhere in this section, shall be
provided with light, ventilation, and sanitation as specified
in Section 605(a).
"Rooms in which explosive, corrosive, combustible,
flammable or highly toxic dusts, mists, fumes, vapors or gases
-42-
are or may be emitted due to the processing, use, handling or
storage of materials and in all buildings used for the repair
or handling of motor vehicles operating under their own power,
mechanical ventilation shall be provided as specified in
Chapter 39, Title 11, Administrative Rules of the Department of
Health, State of Hawaii.
Section 5-41. Amending Section 909.
Section 909 is amended to-read:
"Sec. 909. Fire Alarms. Fire alarm systems shall comply
with the 'Fire Code' and be approved by the Fire Chief."
Section 5-42. Amending Section 1009.
Section 1009 is amended to read:
"Sec. 1009. Fire Alarms. Fire alarm systems shall comply
with the 'Fire Code' and be approved by the Fire Chief."
Section 5-43. Amending Section 1101.
Section 1101 is amended to read:
"Sec. 1101. Group M Occupancies shall be:
"Division 1. Private garages, carports, sheds,
agricultural buildings, greenhouses, and lath houses used as
accessories only when not over 1,000 square feet in area.
"Division 2. Fences, retaining walls, swimming pools,
tanks, and towers.
"Division 3. See appendix Section 1107."
"Appendix Chapter 11 is by reference incorporated herein
and made a part of this code with the following Exception 3
added to Section 1108(b):
-43-
EXCEPTION 3: Buildings and structures for horticultural
use with covering of wire screen, cheesecloth, or
self-extinguishing plastic sheets are not required to conform
to the requirements of Parts IV, V, VII, IX, X and XI of this
code.
"For occupancy separations, see Table No. 5-B."
Section 5-44. Amending Section 1102(a).
Section 1102(a) is amended by adding an exception to the
first paragraph to read:
"EXCEPTION: A carport constructed on a hillside may
exceed one story in height provided the space below the carport
floor is unused or used for Group M Occupancy only."
Section 5-45. Amending Section 1104.
Section 1104 is amended by adding an exception to the
second paragraph to read:
"EXCEPTION: Where a fire separation is not required, a
one-story carport may have an opening into a room used for
sleeping purposes provided such opening is not a required
window."
Section 5-46. Amending Section 1105.
Section 1105 is amended by adding an exception to read:
"EXCEPTION: A carport on a hillside lot may have wood
floor planking at least 2 inches in nominal thickness laid with
at least 1/4-inch spacing between the planks."
Section 5-47. Adding Section 1112.
Section 1112 is added to read:
-44-
"Sec. 1112. Fences. Fences shall be constructed in
accordance with this section and all applicable County and
State regulations.
"For fences allowed during construction or demolition, see
Chapter 44."
"Barbed wire shall not be used for the construction of any
fence.
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. Barbed wire may be used in fences
enclosing the following premises, provided that barbed wire
shall be placed along or above the height of 6 feet from the
ground, subject to the approval of the Fire Department:
"A. Any 'public utility' as defined in
Section 269-1, Hawaii Revised Statutes.
"B. Premises zoned industrial and used for storage
or handling of hazardous materials.
"C. Zoos for keeping animals and birds for public
view or exhibition.
"D. Jails, prisons, reformatories, and other
institutions which are involved in law enforcement or
military activities where security against entry is an
important factor.
"2. Barbed wire may be used in fences enclosing premises
used for pasturing cattle or raising swine.
Section 5-48. Amending Section 1202(b).
(a) An exception is added after the first paragraph.
"EXCEPTION: Detached Group R, Division 3 Occupancies.
-45-
(b) Section 1202(b) fourth paragraph is amended to read:
"For Group R, Division 1 occupancies with a Group B,
Division 1 or Division 3 parking garages in the basement or
first floor, see Section 702(b)1."
Section 5-49. Amending Section 1204.
Section 1204 is amended by adding exceptions to the fourth
paragraph to read:
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. Glass jalousie bladed windows may be
used for emergency escape or rescue.
"2. Escape or rescue windows in Group R, Division 1
Occupancies opening into an exterior exit balcony serving more
than two dwelling units or hotel guest rooms shall have a
finished sill height not more than 68 inches above the floor."
Section 5-50. Amending Section 1205.
Section 1205 is amended to read:
"Sec. 1205. Light, Ventilation, and Sanitation. Light,
ventilation, and sanitation requirements shall be as specified
in the Housing Code.
"For requirements for floors and walls of toilet rooms,
see Section 510."
Section 5-51. Amending Section 1206.
Section 1206 is amended to read:
"Sec. 1206. Yards and Courts. Requirements for yards and
courts shall be as specified in the Housing Code."
-46-
Section 1207 is amended to read:
"Sec. 1207. Room Dimensions. Requirements for minimum
ceiling heights, floor areas, and widths of rooms shall be as
specified in the Housing Code."
Section 5-53. Amending Section 1208.
Section 1208 is amended to read:
"Sec. 1208. Efficiency dwelling units shall conform to
the requirements of the Housing Code."
Section 5-54. Amending Section 1211.
Section 1211 is amended to read:
"Sec. 1211. Fire Alarms. Fire alarm systems shall comply
with the 'Fire Code' and be approved by the Fire Chief."
Section 5-55. Deleting Section 1212.
Section 1212 is deleted.
Section 5-56. Adding Section 1214.
Section 1214 is added to read:
"Sec. 1214. Access to Buildings and Facilities.
"Buildings containing more than 20 dwelling units or
20 guest rooms shall be accessible to the persons with
disabilities. See Section 5-134. The number of dwelling units
or guest rooms required to be accessible shall be not less than
the following:
"Dwelling Units: One for each 50 units or fraction
thereof
"Guest Rooms: 50 of the total
-47-
"To determine the total number of accessible units, more
than one structure on a building site shall be considered as
one building. Habitable rooms, bathrooms, toilet compartments,
halls and utility room in units that are required to be
accessible to persons with disabilities shall be accessible by
level floors, ramps or elevators, and doorways to such rooms
shall have a clear unobstructed width of not less than
32 inches."
Section 5-57. Adding Section 1215.
Section 1215 is added to read:
"Sec. 1215. Existing Buildings.
"(a) Purpose. The purpose of this section is to provide
a reasonable degree of safety to persons occupying existing
Group R, Division 1 buildings that do not conform with the
minimum requirements of this code by requiring alterations to
such existing buildings.
"(b) Scope. The provisions of this section shall apply
exclusively to existing nonconforming Group R, Division 1
Occupancies more than 2 stories in height.
"(c) Stair Construction. All stairs shall have a minimum
run of 9 inches and a maximum rise of 8 inches and a minimum
width of 30 inches exclusive of handrails. Every stairway
shall have at least one handrail. A landing having a minimum
30-inch run in the direction of travel shall be provided at
each point of access to the stairway.
-48-
"Exterior stairs shall be of noncombustible construction
or of wood of not less than two-inch nominal thickness with
solid treads and risers.
"(d) Doors and Openings. Exit doors shall meet the
requirements of Sections 3304 (b), (c), (e), and 3305 (h)1.
Doors shall not reduce the required width of stairways more
than 7 inches when open. Transoms, and openings other than
doors, from corridors to rooms shall be fixed closed and shall
be covered with a minimum of 3/4-inch plywood or 1/2-inch
gypsum wallboard or equivalent material on the room side.
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. Existing solid-bonded wood core doors
1-3/8 inches thick or their equivalent may be continued in use.
"2. Where the existing frame will not accommodate a door
complying with Section 3305 (h)1, a 1-3/8 inch-thick
solid-bonded wood core door may be used.
"(e) Separation of Occupancies. Occupancy separations
shall be provided as specified in Section 503 of this code.
When approved by the building official, existing wood lath and
plaster in good condition or 1/2-inch gypsum wallboard may be
acceptable where one-hour occupancy separations are required."
Section 5-58. Amending Section 1706(c).
Section 1706(c) is amended by adding a seventh paragraph
to read:
"In buildings housing a Group A, Division 2, 2.1, 3, 4,
Group B or Group R, Division 1 Occupancy, enclosures shall not
-49-
"1. The top of the escalator or ramp opening at each
story is provided with a draft curtain and automatic fire
sprinklers are installed around the perimeter of the
opening within 2 feet of the draft curtain. The draft
curtain shall enclose the perimeter of the unenclosed
opening and extend from the ceiling downward at least
12 inches on all sides. The spacing between sprinklers
shall not exceed 6 feet.
"2. All floors with escalator or ramp opening are
equipped with automatic sprinkler systems.
"3. There is provided a three-hour fire-resistive
separation from floors not equipped with automatic
sprinkler systems.
"4. In mixed occupancies housing a Group A, Division
2, 2.1, 3, 4, or Group R, Division 1 Occupancy, the entire
building is of Type I construction."
Section 5-59. Amending Section 1711.
Section 1711 is amended by adding two paragraphs after the
third paragraph to read:
"Projections from walls using flame retardant membrane
conforming to UBC Standard No. 55-1 and projecting not more
than 6 feet may be used at the first floor fronting on public
ways or extending into yard spaces not closer than 20 feet from
an adjacent property line.
-50-
"Projections from walls of Type V-N construction may have
flame retardant membrane conforming to UBC Standard No. 55-1
when projecting not more than 6 feet and not located where
openings are not permitted or must be protected."
Section 5-60. Amending Section 1712(a).
Section 1712(a) is amended as follows:
a. The third paragraph is amended to read:
"Open guardrails and. stair railings shall have
intermediate rails or an ornamental pattern such that no
object 6 inches in diameter can pass through; provided
that the dimensions shall be such that no object 4 inches
in diameter can pass through for the following
occupancies: Group R, Divisions 1 and 3 Occupancies;
Group E, Division 3 Occupancies used for day care
purposes; Group I, Division 1 Occupancies used for
nurseries for children under kindergarten age.
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. The open space between the
intermediate rails or ornamental pattern of guardrails in
areas of commercial- and industrial-type occupancies which
are not accessible to the public may be such that a sphere
12 inches in diameter cannot pass through.
"2. The triangular openings formed by the riser,
tread and bottom element of a guardrail at the open side
of a stairway may be of such size that a sphere 6
1/2 inches in diameter cannot pass through."
-51-
b. The following paragraphs are added to read:
"Openings or portions of openings in exterior walls
which are less than 30 inches above a floor shall be
provided with at least one rail between 30 inches and 36
inches above the floor when such openings are located on
floors more than 5 feet above the adjacent grade or
finished floor and are not provided with structurally
adequate safety glass installations or other barriers to
prevent a person from falling through the openings.
"Openable windows or portions of openable windows
located on floors more than 5 feet above the adjacent
grade or finished floor shall be provided with guardrails
as specified in this section, when such windows are less
than 42 inches above the floor in Group R, Division 1
Occupancies and less than 36 inches in Group R, Division 3
Occupancies. Guardrails are not required where such
windows are provided with securely installed 'insect'
screen or other equal or better barriers to young children
falling through such openings and one rail between 30
inches and 36 inches above the floor."
Section 5-61. Amending Section 1713(d).
Section 1713(d) is amended by amending exception B to read:
"B. Walk-in coolers and freezer units having an aggregate
floor area less than 800 square feet."
-52-
Section 5-62. Amending Section 1714(a).
Section 1714(a) is amended as follows:
"Sec. 1714. (a) General. Thermal and acoustical
insulation located on or within floor-ceiling and roof-ceiling
assemblies, crawl spaces, ducts, plenums, walls, partitions,
and insulation on pipes and tubing shall comply with this
section."
"EXCEPTION: Roof insulation shall comply with
Section 3208(d)."
Section 5-63. Adding Section 1714(d).
Section 1714(d) is amended by adding the following:
"(d) Insulation on or Within Ducts and Plenums. For the
purpose of this section, DUCT is any tube or conduit for
transmission of air. This definition shall not include:
"1. A vent, a vent connector or a chimney connector.
"2. Any tube or conduit wherein the pressure of the
air exceeds one pound per square inch.
"3. The air passages of listed self-contained
systems.
"Only approved materials shall be installed within ducts
and plenums for insulating, sound deadening or other purposes.
All such materials shall have a mold-, humidity-, and
erosion-resistant face that has met the requirements of U.L.
Standard 181. Duct liners in systems operating at velocities
in excess of 2000 feet per minute shall be fastened with both
adhesive and mechanical fasteners, and all exposed edges shall
have adequate treatment to withstand the operating velocity.
-53-
"Insulation applied to the exterior surface of ducts
located in buildings shall have a flame spread of not more than
25 and a smoke-developed rating of not more than 50 when tested
as a composite installation, including insulation, facing
materials, tapes, and adhesives as normally applied.
"Faced insulations intended for installation on the
exterior of ducts shall be legibly printed with the name of the
manufacturer, nominal thickness of insulation, and the
flame-spread and smoke-developed ratings of the composite
material."
Section 5-64. Adding Section 1718.
Section 1718 is added to read:
Sec. 1718. Grease Removal Ducts. (a) Duct Enclosures.
A duct serving a kitchen hood used for collecting grease and
smoke from a commercial kitchen range and which penetrates a
ceiling, wall or floor shall be enclosed as follows:
"1. Where a shaft enclosure is required, the duct
enclosure shall comply with Section 1706.
"2. When penetrating a fire-resistive assembly, the
fire-resistive requirements of Chapter 43 must be
maintained.
"3. When clearance from the duct to combustible
construction is less than 18 inches, the duct shall
be enclosed in a duct enclosure which is lined on the
inner face as required for one-hour construction.
-54-
The enclosure shall be separated from the duct by at
least 3 inches.
"(b) Dampers. Dampers shall be installed in exhaust
ducts or exhaust duct systems.
"EXCEPTION: When specifically listed for such use or
required as part of a listed or approved device or system.
"(c) Penetrations Through Walls. Exhaust ducts shall not
pass through areas separation or occupancy separation walls."
Section 5-65. Amending Section 1807.
Section 1807 is amended to read:
"Sec. 1607. Special Provisions for Group R, Division 1
Occupancies and Group B, Division 2 Office Buildings.
"(a) Scope. This section applies to buildings housing
Group B, Division 2 Occupancies used as offices, and to
buildings housing Group R, Division 1 Occupancies.
"Such buildings having floors used for human occupancy
located more than 75 feet above the highest grade shall conform
to the special requirement of this section in addition to other
applicable requirements of this code.
"(b) Automatic Sprinkler System. 1. System Design
automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout the
building. The sprinkler system shall be designed using the
parameters set forth in U.B.C. Standard No. 38-1 and the
following:
The
-55-
"A. Shutoff valves and a water flow device shall be
provided for each floor. The sprinkler riser may be
combined with the standpipe riser.
"B. Fire pumps shall be approved or listed for fire
service by a nationally recognized independent testing
agency.
"2. Modifications. The following modifications of code
requirements are permitted:
"A. The fire-resistive time periods set forth in
Table No. 17-A may be reduced by one hour for interior
bearing walls, exterior bearing and nonbearing walls,
roofs and the beams supporting roofs, provided they do not
frame into columns. Vertical shafts other than stairway
enclosures and elevator shafts may be reduced to one hour
when sprinklers are installed within the shafts at
alternate floors. The fire-resistive time period
reduction as specified herein shall not apply to exterior
bearing and nonbearing walls whose fire-resistive rating
has already been reduced under the exceptions contained
within Section 1803(a) or 1903(a).
"B. Except for corridors in Group R, Division 1
Occupancies and partitions separating dwelling units or
guest rooms, all interior nonbearing partitions required
to be one-hour fire-resistive construction by Table
No. 17-A may be of noncombustible construction without a
-56-
fire-resistive time period; provided doors in such walls
forming corridors shall be tight-fitting and maintained
self-closing or shall be automatic closing in accordance
with Section 4306(b)(2).
"C. Travel distance from the most remote point in
the floor area to a horizontal exit or to an enclosed
stairway may be 300 feet.
"D. Fire dampers, other than those needed to protect
floor-ceiling assemblies to maintain the fire resistance
of the assembly, are not required.
"E. Emergency windows required by Section 1204 are
not required.
"(c) Smoke Detection Systems. At least one approved
smoke detector suitable for the intended use shall be installed:
"1. In every mechanical equipment, electrical,
transformer, telephone equipment, elevator machine or
similar room.
"2. In every interior exit corridor of a hotel
building.
"3. In every storage room, laundry room, furnace
room and similar common areas in Group R, Division 1
Occupancies.
"4. In the main return and exhaust air plenum of
each air-conditioning system and located in a serviceable
area downstream of the last duct inlet.
-57-
"5. At each connection to a vertical duct or riser
serving two or more stories from a return air duct or
plenum of an air-conditioning system. In Group R,
Division 1 Occupancies, an approved smoke detector may be
used in each return-air riser carrying not more than
5000 cfm and serving not more than 10 air inlet openings.
"Smoke detection system conforming to the provisions
of Chapter 4 of NFPA Standard 90A will be accepted in lieu
of the above.
"Every smoke detection system shall be connected to
an annunciator and to the fire alarm system under
Subsection (e) below and shall place into operation all
equipment necessary to prevent the recirculation of smoke.
"(d) Alarm and Communications System. The alarm and
communications system shall comply with the 'Fire Code' and be
approved by the Fire Chief.
"(e) Central Control Station. The central control station
for use by the Fire Department shall comply with the 'Fire
Code' and be approved by the Fire Chief.
"(f) Smoke Control. Natural or mechanical ventilation for
the removal of products of combustion shall be provided in
every story and shall consist of one of the following:
"1. Easily identifiable windows or panels which are
manually openable or approved fixed tempered glass shall
be provided in the exterior walls. They shall be
-58-
distributed around the perimeter of the building at not
more than 50-foot intervals at the rate of 20 square feet
per 50 lineal feet.
"EXCEPTION: In Group R, Division 1 Occupancies each
guest room or suite having an exterior wall may be
provided with a minimum of 2 square feet of venting area.
"2. when a complete and approved automatic sprinkler
system is installed, the mechanical air-handling equipment
may be designed to accomplish smoke removal. Under fire
conditions, the return and exhaust air shall be moved
directly to the outside without recirculation to other
sections of the building. The air-handling system shall
provide a minimum of one exhaust air change each
10 minutes for the area involved.
"3. Any other approved design which will produce
equivalent results.
"(g) Elevator Lobbies. Elevator lobbies shall comply
with the following:
"Elevators on all floors shall open into elevator lobbies
which are separated from the remainder of the building,
including corridors and other exits, by walls extending from
the floor to the underside of the fire-resistive floor or roof
above. Such walls shall be of not less than one-hour
fire-resistive construction. Openings through such walls shall
conform to Section 3305(h).
-59-
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. The main entrance level elevator
lobby in office buildings.
"2. Elevator lobbies located within an atrium
complying with the provisions of Section 1715.
3. In fully sprinklered office building, corridors
may lead through enclosed elevator lobbies if all areas of
the building have access to at least one required exit
without passing through the elevator lobby.
"(h) Standby Power and Light Systems. An approved
permanently installed standby power-generating system shall be
provided. The system shall be equipped with suitable means for
automatically starting the generator set upon failure of the
normal electrical supply systems and for automatic transfer and
operation of all the required electrical functions at full
power within 30 seconds of such normal service failure. An on
premise fuel supply sufficient for not less than 8 hours full
demand operation of the system shall be provided. Should the
standby power unit become inoperable at any time due to
breakdown of equipment and cannot be repaired immediately, a
portable emergency power unit shall be installed to take its
place until the equipment is repaired and in operable condition.
"The building official may approve other reliable sources
of energy to power the standby power-generating system.
"All power, lighting and signal facilities provided under
the requirements of this section shall be transferable to the
-60-
standby power system. The power requirement shall be
determined so as to provide service to, but not limited to the
following:
"1. Fire Alarm system.
"2. Exit and other emergency lighting.
"3. Fire protection equipment.
"4. Mechanical ventilation required by this section
and/or Section 3310(8).
"5. Elevator designated for fire service, as
required by the state elevator code.
"6. Electrically-operated exit locks.
"The standby power to the fire pump may also be connected
to the domestic water pump. In the event the sprinkler system
is activated the power shall be automatically transferred to
service the fire pump.
"The standby power-generating system shall be tested
regularly as required by the Fire Chief.
"(i) Exits.
"All stairway doors which are locked to prevent entry from
the stairway side shall have electric strikes which will be
automatically unlocked without unlatching upon actuation of the
fire alarm system or in the event of power failure. Controls
for electric strikes may be provided with manual override of
the automatic system, shall be provided from the central
control station.
-61-
"(j) Seismic Considerations. In Seismic Zones Nos. 2, 3
and 4, the anchorage of mechanical and electrical equipment
required for life-safety systems, including fire pumps and
elevator drive and suspension systems, shall be designed in
accordance with the requirements of Section 2330."
Section 5-66. Adding Section 1908.
Section 1908 is added to read:
"In buildings of Type II-N construction, mezzanine floors,
including supporting beams, girders, and columns, may be of
Type V One-hour fire-resistive construction, or Type Iv Heavy
Timber.
Stairways shall be according to Section 1905 or 2104.
Nonbearing interior walls and partitions may be of
Type V-1 hour construction."
Section 5-67. Amending Section 2203.
Section 2203 is amended to read:
"Sec. 2203. Exterior walls shall comply with
fire-resistive requirements set forth in Section 504, Table
No. 5-A, and Table No. 17-A. Openings in exterior walls
located where protected openings are required by Table No. 5-A
shall be protected by fixed fire windows or automatic-closing
fire windows or self-closing doors having a fire-protection
rating of at least three-fourths hour and shall comply with
Section 504.
-62-
"EXCEPTION: Nonbearing walls of Type V one-hour buildings
fronting on public ways or yards having a width of at
least 40 feet may be of unprotected noncombustible
construction or of wood studs with 5/8-inch exterior-type
plywood or similar material having a 15-minute finish
rating on the exterior surface and with interior surface
treatment as required for one-hour fire-resistive
construction.
"For Group H Occupancies, see Chapter 9."
Section 5-68. Amending Section 2304(e).
Section 2304(e) is amended to read:
"(e) Live Loads Posted. The uniform floor live load of
an industrial building, storage areas and portion of structure
with uniform live load over 100 psf shall have such designed
live loads conspicuously posted by the owner in that part of
each story in which they apply, using durable metal signs. It
shall be unlawful to remove or deface such notices. The
occupant of the building shall be responsible for keeping the
actual load below the allowable limits."
Section 5-69. Amending Table No. 23-C.
Table No. 23-C is amended by amending item 5 in the left
hand column to read:
"Greenhouses and agricultural buildings, not including
lath houses."
-63-
Section 5-70. Amending Table No. 24-A.
Table No. 24-A is amended by adding a superscript "4"
after the word "Masonry" in the table heading, and a footnote
is added to read:
"Admixtures approved by the building official may be added
to the mortar."
Section 5-71. Amending Section 2516(c)2.
Section 2516(c)2 is amended to read:
"2. Under-floor clearance. Minimum clearance between
bottom of floor joists or bottom of floors without joists and
the ground beneath shall be 20 inches; between bottom of
girders and the ground shall be 12 inches.
"EXCEPTION: Open slat wood decks shall have ground
clearance of at least 6 inches for any wood member.
"Accessible under-floor area shall be provided with a
minimum 14 inch by 24 inch access opening."
Section 5-72. Amending Section 2516(c)3.
Section 2516(c)3 is amended to read:
"3. Plates, sills, sleepers and structural lumber. All
foundation plates or sills and sleepers on a concrete or
masonry slab, which is in direct contact with earth; sills
which rest on concrete or masonry foundations; and all
structural lumber, including posts, beams, rafters, joists,
trusses, studs, plates, and headers of new wood frame
residential buildings that are supported directly on the ground
by a concrete slab shall be:
-64-
"A. Treated in accordance with AWPB Standard LP2 for
ACZA, LP22 for CCA, or treated with inorganic boron or other
preservative as approved by the building official, all marked
or branded by an approved agency; or
"B. Treated in accordance with the AWPB Approved Hawaii
Local Area Standard, provided that soil treatment or
anti-termite sand shall be provided. All end cuts shall be
field protected with a preservative in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions."
Section 5-73. Adding Section 2516(c)12.
Section 2516(c)12 is added to read as follows:
"12. Pipe penetrations. Openings around pipes
penetrating a concrete or masonry slab, which is in direct
contact with earth, shall be filled with flexible grout or
sealant."
Section 5-74. Adding Appendix Chapter 25.
Appendix Chapter 25 is by reference incorporated herein
and made a part of this code. Alternate methods of
construction or deviations to this Chapter 25 shall be designed
by an engineer or architect licensed by the State.
Section 5-75. Adding Section 2518.
Section 2518 is added to read:
"Sec. 2518. (a) Single Wall Construction. Single wall
construction is considered to be wooden walls of T&G boards
that would resist both vertical and lateral loads. For new
-65-
Type VN buildings, single wall construction may be used when
designed by a structural engineer or architect licensed with
the State.
"(b) Existing Single Wall Construction Buildings.
Existing Type VN buildings of single wall construction may be
repaired or altered with materials as specified in
paragraph (c) when the valuation of the work involved does not
exceed 50% of the replacement value of the entire building.
"(c) Boards for Single Wall Construction.
"1. One and One-Eighth-Inch Boards. Single wall
construction with boards of 1-1/8-inch net thickness are
not required to have girts.
"2. One-Inch Boards. Where single wall construction
is with boards of one-inch net thickness, no girt is
required provided approved stiffeners for any section of
such wall is spaced not more than 10 feet along that wall.
"3. Three-Fourths-Inch Boards. Single wall
construction with boards of 3/4-inch net thickness shall
have girts and cross partitions at least every 30 feet.
"4. Eleven-Sixteenths-Inch Boards. Single wall
construction with boards of 11/16-inch net thickness shall
be limited to the following conditions: (A) the span
between load bearing walls shall not exceed 24 feet;
(B) the dead load on such walls shall not exceed
150 pounds per lineal foot; (C) girts shall be provided;
(D) there shall be approved stiffeners at least every
-66-
10 feet along such wall; and (E) any openings in such
walls for windows and doors shall have full-height jambs
or studs where the girt is not continuous.
"(d) Approved Stiffeners. Approved stiffeners shall be
studs at least 2 inches by 4 inches, full-height window or door
jambs, posts, walls or partitions at right angle to the section
of wall under consideration.
"(e) Girts. Girts for single wall construction shall be
not less than 2-inch-by-6-inch belt course or other approved
strengthening about midheight between the floor and the ceiling
on all exterior walls."
Section 5-76. Amending Section 2901.
Section 2901 is amended by amending the second paragraph
to read:
"Reference is made to Chapter 10 Erosion and Sedimentation
Control, Hawaii County Code, for requirements governing
excavation, grading, and earthwork construction, including
fills and embankments."
Section 5-77. Amending Section 2903(b).
Section 2903(b) is amended by interchanging the order of
the 2nd and 3rd paragraphs.
Section 5-78. Deleting Section 2904.
Section 2904 is deleted.
Section 5-79. Amending Section 2908 (c).
Section 2908 (c) is amended to read:
-67-
"(c) Determination of Allowable Loads. The allowable
axial and lateral loads on piles shall be determined by an
approved formula, by load tests, or by a foundation
investigation.
"A static load test shall be made on at least one pile
when the allowable axial load for a single pile exceeds 40
tons. Where the allowable axial load for a single pile is 40
tons or less, static load tests shall be made upon request by
the building official.
"EXCEPTION: The load test may be waived by the building
official if substantiated by the soils report."
Section 5-80. Amending Section 3101 (a).
Section 3101 (a) is amended by amending the first
paragraph to read:
"Sec. 3101. (a) General. Buildings or portions of
buildings shall be accessible to persons with disabilities as
required by this chapter and Chapter 64."
Section 5-81. Amending Section 3101 (b).
Section 3101 (b) is amended to read:
"(b) Design. The design and construction of accessible
building elements shall be in accordance with Chapter 64.
"Conformance with the accessibility requirements of the
Americans With Disabilities Act under the Department of Justice
or The Fair Housing Act under the Department of Housing and
Urban Development shall be equivalent to meeting the
accessibility requirements of this code. At the time of
-68-
submittal of an application for a building permit, the owner,
(or the owner's responsible professional architect, or
engineer), shall execute a certification that all requirements
of the Americans with Disabilities Act or any regulation other
than this code, relating to accessibility to persons with
disabilities, shall be complied with. A copy of this
certification shall be filed with the building permit records."
Section 5-82. Amending Section 3103.
Section 3103(a)2, second paragraph is amended to read:
"Assembly areas shall be according to Section 6417."
Section 3103(a)8 is amended to read:
"Group R Occupancies. Group R Occupancies shall be
accessible as provided in Section 1214."
Section 3103(b) is deleted.
Section 5-83. Amending Section 3104 (a).
Section 3104 is amended as follows:
a. An exception is added to the first paragraph to read:
"EXCEPTION" Buildings protected throughout by an
approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system."
b. The second paragraph is amended to read:
"Areas for evacuation assistance shall comply with the
requirements of this code and shall adjoin an accessible route
complying with Chapter 64."
Section 5-84. Deleting Section 3105.
Section 3105 is deleted.
-69-
Section 5-85. Amending Section 3303(a).
Section 3303(a) is amended by amending the exceptions
after the fourth paragraph to read:
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. Dwelling units on the second story
or in a basement may have access to only one common exit
when the total occupant load served by that exit does not
exceed ten."
"2. Except as provided in Table No. 33-A, only one
exit need be provided from the second floor or a basement
within an individual dwelling unit or a Group R,
Division 3 congregate residence.
"3. Except as provided in Table No. 33-A, only one
exit shall be required for Group R, Division 3 Occupancies.
"4. Floors and basements used exclusively for
service of the building and elevator lobbies may have one
exit. For the purposes of this exception, storage rooms,
laundry rooms, maintenance offices, and similar uses shall
not be considered as providing service to the building.
"5. Storage rooms, laundry rooms, and maintenance
offices not exceeding 300 square feet in floor area may be
provided with only one exit.
"6. Elevator lobbies may have one exit provided the
use of such exit does not require keys, tools, special
knowledge or effort.
7. Type I or II-F.R. buildings sprinklered
throughout in Group R, Division 1 apartment house
Occupancies with not more than two dwelling units on any
-70-
floor may have a single exit that is immediately
accessible to all dwelling units served thereby when all
of the following conditions are met:
"a. The stairway is either an exterior stairway
or a smokeproof enclosure by natural ventilation and
exits to the exterior directly or through an exit
passageway.
"b. The stairway is limited to the exiting of
the Group R-1 apartment house occupancy.
C. If area separation walls are provided, they
need not extend to the ground floor lobby or parking
garage below the second floor.
"8. Buildings of Group R, Division 1 Occupancies of
at least one-hour fire-resistive construction, not
exceeding three stories in height, may have a single exit
serving not more than two units per floor, provided that
such exit is an enclosed stairway or an exterior stairway,
and provided further that such exit is immediately
accessible to all units served."
Section 5-86. Amending Section 3304(b).
Section 3304(b) is amended by adding an exception after
the second paragraph to read:
"EXCEPTION: Double-acting screen doors used in
conjunction with exit doors having panic hardware in
school cafetoriums."
-71-
Section 5-87. Amending Section 3304(1).
Section 3304(1) is amended by amending the second sentence
to read:
"When access for the physically handicapped is required by
Section 3301(f), the floor or landing at doors shall be as
specified in Section 5-134 (Chapter 64)."
Section 5-88. Amending Section 3305(e).
Section 3305(e) is amending by adding an exception to read:
"EXCEPTION: Foyers, lobbies, or reception areas
which are constructed as required for corridors may have
dead ends exceeding 20 feet, provided that the ratio of
length of dead end to width does not exceed 2:1."
Section 5-89. Amending Section 3305(f).
Section 3305(f) is amended to read:
"(f) Changes in Elevation. When a corridor or exterior
exit balcony is accessible to the handicapped, changes in
elevation of the floor shall be made as specified in
Section 5-134 (Chapter 64)."
Section 5-90. Amending Section 3306(b).
Section 3306(b) is amended by amending the first paragraph
to read:
"(b) Width. Width of stairways shall be determined in
accordance with Section 3303(b); provided that stairways
serving an occupant load of 50 or more shall be not less than
44 inches in width; stairways serving an occupant load of 49 or
less shall be not less than 36 inches in width; and provided
further that such stairways having Class I or III standpipes
_~Z_
installed therein shall be not less than 44 inches in width.
Private stairways serving an occupant load of less than
10 shall be not less than 30 inches in width."
Section 5-91. Amending Section 3306(1).
Section 3306(1) is amended to read:
"(i) Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails on each
side, and every stairway required to be more than 88 inches in
width shall be provided with not less than one intermediate
handrail for each 88 inches of required width. Intermediate
handrails shall be spaced approximately equally across the
entire width of the stairway.
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. Stairways less than 44 inches in
width and stairways serving one dwelling unit in Group R
Occupancies or a Group R, Division 3 congregate residence
may have one handrail.
"2. Stairways having less than four risers need not
have handrails.
"The top of handrails shall be placed not less than
32 inches nor more than 38 inches above the nosing of treads.
They shall be continuous the full length of the stairs. Except
for private stairways, at least one handrail shall extend not
less than 6 inches beyond the top and bottom risers, and ends
shall be turned or shall terminate in newel posts or safety
terminals.
"Handrails projecting from a wall shall have a space of
not less than 1-1/2 inches between the wall and the handrail.
-73-
The handgrip portion of handrails shall be not less than
1-1/4 inches nor more than 2 inches in cross-sectional
dimension and shall have a smooth surface with no sharp corners.
"See Section 5-134 (Chapter 64) for handrail requirements
for the handicapped."
Section 5-92. Amending Section 3307(d).
Section 3307(d) is amended to read:
"(d) Landings. Ramps having slopes steeper than one
vertical to 15 horizontal shall have landings at the top and
bottom, and at least one intermediate landing shall be provided
for each 5 feet of rise. Landings shall have a dimension
measured in the direction of ramp run of not less than 5 feet.
"Doors in any position shall not reduce the minimum
dimension of the landings to less than one half its required
width and shall not reduce the required width by more than
7 inches when fully open."
Section 5-93. Amending Section 3307(e).
Section 3307(e) is amended as follows:
a. The words "which are located within an accessible
route of travel are added after the words "Ramps" in the first
sentence.
b. The following sentence is added after the first
sentence: "Handrails shall be required for other ramps when the
slope is steeper than 1 vertical to 10 Horizontal.
-74-
Section 5-94. Amending Section 3309(a).
Section 3309(a) is amended by amending Exception No. 3 to
read:
"3. Stairs in open parking garages, as defined in
Section 709, need not be enclosed, provided that such
stairs are not a continuation of exits from upper floors
which are required to be enclosed."
Section 5-95. Amending Section 3310(b).
Section 3310(b) is amended by amending the first sentence
to read:
"(b) Where Required. Where a floor of any story is
located more than 75 feet above the highest grade, all required
exits shall be smokeproof enclosures."
Section 5-96. Adding Section 3313(c).
Section 3313(c) is added to read:
"(c) Stairway Enclosure Illumination. Enclosed stairways
of buildings more than 2 stories in height shall be provided
with emergency illumination systems which shall conform with
the provisions of Section 3313(a) and be supplied from storage
batteries or on-site generator set in accordance with the
provisions under Section 3313(b)."
Section 5-97. Amending Section 3318(k).
Section 3318(k) is amended by adding an exception to read:
"EXCEPTION: Security gates may be permitted across
corridors or passageways in school buildings if there is a
readily visible durable sign on or adjacent to the gate,
stating 'THIS GATE IS TO REMAIN SECURED IN THE OPEN
-75-
POSITION WHENEVER THIS BUILDING IS IN USE'. The sign
shall be in letters not less than one inch high on a
contrasting background. The use of this exception may be
revoked by the building official for due cause."
Section 5-98. Amending Section 3801(a).
Section 3801(a) is amended by adding a fourth paragraph to
read:
"All buried galvanized steel and other ferrous piping used
in connection with fire-extinguishing systems shall be wrapped
or otherwise protected against corrosion in accordance with the
Plumbing Code provisions for protection of galvanized ferrous
piping for potable water."
Section 5-99. Amending Section 3802.
Section 3802 is amended as follows:
a. The first paragraph of Section 3802(b)1 is amended to
read:
"1. In every story or basement of all buildings when
floor area exceeds 1,500 square feet and there is not
provided at least 20 square feet of opening entirely above
the adjoining ground level in each 50 lineal feet or
fraction thereof of exterior wall in the story or basement
on at least one side of the building. Each of the
required 20 square feet of opening shall have at least one
opening with minimum dimensions of 3 feet by 4 feet. Such
required openings shall be unobstructed by sunshades,
-76-
louvers, grillwork, or other construction on the exterior
wall which will prevent or hinder access to the openings
by the Fire Department personnel."
b. Section 3802(c)7 is amended by changing "500" to
"1000" in the first sentence.
c. Section 3802(h) is amended to read:
"(h) Group R, Division 1 Occupancies. An automatic
sprinkler system shall be installed throughout every
apartment house containing more than 15 dwelling units,
every congregate residence over one story and having an
occupant load of 50 or more, and every hotel containing 20
or more guest rooms. Residential or quick-response
standard sprinkler heads shall be used in the dwelling
unit and guest room portions of the building."
Section 5-100. Amending Section 3805(c).
Section 3805(c) is amended by amending the third paragraph
to read:
"There shall be a two-way outlet above the roof line when
the roof has a slope of less than 4 inches in 12 inches."
Section 5-101. Adding Section 3805(f).
Section 3805(f) is added to read:
"(f) Testing. After completion of installation, the
following test procedures shall be followed to determine that
the system as installed performs properly:
_77_
"1. Hydrostatic and Flow Test - Perform to comply
with the test procedure for standpipe systems in the Fire
Department's rules and regulations.
"2. Operate each outlet valve in the system to determine
that it will function properly."
Section 5-102. Amending Section 3806.
Section 3806 is amended to read:
"Section 3806. During the construction of a building and
until the permanent fire-extinguishing system has been
installed and is in service, fire protection shall be provided
in accordance with the Fire Code."
Section 5-103. Amending Table No. 38-A.
Table No. 38-A is amended to read:
-76-
"TABLE N0. 38-A - STANDPIPE REQUIREMENTS
NONSPRINKLERED SPRINKLERED
BUILDINGl BUILDING2,3
Stand- Hose Stand- Hose
pipe Require- pipe Require-
Occu anc 5 Class ment Class ment
1. Occupancies 4
stories or more I and No
in height, except II Yes I No
Grou R Div. 3 or III X4 or III X4
2. Group A
Occupancies with II Yes No No
occupant load require-
exceedin 1000 ment
3. Group A, Div. 2.1
Occupancies over
5000 square feet
in area used for
exhibition II Yes II Yes
4. Groups I, H, B,
Div. 1, 2 or 3
Occupancies less
than 4 stories in
height but greater No
than 20,000 square require-
feet er floor II Yes ment No
Klass II standpipes need not be provided in assembly areas
used solely for worship.
2The standpipe system may be combined with the automatic
sprinkler system.
3Portions of otherwise sprinklered buildings which are not
protected by automatic sprinklers shall have Class II
standpipes installed as required for the unsprinklered portions.
4Hose is required for Class II outlets.
SClass II standpipes need not be provided in assembly areas
used solely for worship."
-79-
Section 5-104. Amending Section 3902.
Section 3902 is amended by amending the second sentence of
the second paragraph to read:
"when the space beneath the permanent platform is used for
storage or any purpose other than equipment wiring or plumbing,
the floor construction shall be not less than one-hour
fire-resistive construction or of heavy timber floor
construction."
Section 5-105. Amending Section 4005.
Section 4005 is amended to read:
"Section 4005. Ventilation. Ventilation shall be provided
as specified in Chapter 39, Title 11, Administrative Rules of
the Department of Health, State of Hawaii."
Section 5-106. Amending Section 4304(e).
Section 4304(e) is amended by deleting the words "both
protective membranes of bearing walls required to have a fire
resistance rating and in the first paragraph.
Section 5-107. Amending Section 4304(f).
Section 9304(f) is amended by adding the words "of walls
requiring protected openings" after the word "membranes" in the
second paragraph.
Section 5-108. Amending Section 4305(e).
Section 4305(e) is amended by substituting the words
National Fire Protection Standard No. 70 for the words
"Mechanical Code."
-80-
Section 5-109. Amending Section 4401.
Section 4401 is amended by amending the third paragraph to
read:
"Any material or structure temporarily occupying public
property, including fences and walkways, which creates a hazard
to the public shall be adequately lighted between sunset and
sunrise."
Section 5-110. Amending Section 4403.
Section 4403. Storage on Public Property. Material and
equipment necessary for work to be done under a permit shall
not be placed or stored on public property so as to obstruct
free and convenient approach to and use of any fire hydrant,
fire or police alarm box, utility box, catch basin or manhole,
or so as to interfere with the free flow of water in any street
or alley gutter without permission from the agency having
jurisdiction."
Section 5-111. Amending Section 4905.
Section 4405 is amended to read:
"Section 4405. Protection of Utilities. An adequate
protective frame and boarding shall be built about every street
lamp, utility box, fire or police alarm box, fire hydrant,
catch basin, and manhole that may be damaged by any work being
done under the permit. This protection shall be maintained
while such work is being done and shall not obstruct the normal
functioning of the device."
-81-
Section 5-112. Amending Section 4406.
Section 4406 is amended to read:
"Section 4406. Walkway. A walkway not less than 4 feet
wide or width of existing sidewalk when less than 4 feet shall
be maintained on the sidewalk in front of the building site
during construction, alteration or demolition unless the public
agency having jurisdiction authorizes the sidewalk to be fenced
and closed. Adequate signs and railings shall be provided to
direct pedestrian traffic
Railings shall be provided when
required by Section 4407.
"The walkway shall be capable of supporting a uniform live
load of 150 pounds per square foot."
Section 5-113. Amending Section 4407.
Section 4407 is amended to read:
"Section 4407. Pedestrian Protection.
"(a) Protection Required. Pedestrian traffic shall be
protected by a railing on the street side when the walkway
extends into the roadway, by a railing adjacent to excavations,
by a fence or barrier to prevent entry of unauthorized persons
if there is an exposure to dangerous conditions, and by a
sidewalk canopy when the general public is exposed to any
foreseen danger from falling objects. The construction of such
protective devices shall be in accordance with the provisions
of this chapter. In all cases, proper and reasonable devices
shall be provided to eliminate hazards to the public.
_82_
"(b) Railings. Railings shall be substantially built and
when of wood shall be constructed of new materials having a
nominal size of at least 2 inches by 4 inches. Railings shall
be at least 3 feet 6 inches in height and when adjacent to
excavations shall be provided with a midrail.
"(c) Fences. Fences shall be not less than 6 feet in
height above grade, and be placed on the side of the sidewalk
nearest to the building site. Fences shall extend the entire
length of the building site where practical and each end shall
be returned to the building line.
"Openings in such fences shall be protected by doors which
normally are kept closed.
" (d) Canopies. The protective canopy shall have a clear
height of 8 feet above the walkway. The roof shall be tightly
sheathed.
"If materials are stored or work is done on the roof of
the canopy, the street sides and ends of the canopy roof shall
be protected by a tight curb board not less than 1 foot high
and a railing not less than 3 feet 6 inches high.
"The entire structure shall be designed to carry the loads
to be imposed on it.
"(e) Watchman. A watchman shall be employed to warn the
general public when intermittent hazardous operations are
conducted on the sidewalk."
-83-
Section 5-114. Amending Table No. 44-A.
Table No. 44-A is amended by adding a superscript "1" to
PROTECTION REQUIRED in the right-hand column and adding a
footnote to read:
"Not applicable to construction in preservation,
agricultural and residential districts except when required by
the building official."
Section 5-115.
Section 4501 is
Section 5-116.
Section 4502 is
Section 5-117.
Section 4503 is
Section 5-118.
Section 4504 is
"Section 4504.
Amending Section 4501.
amending by deleting the fourth paragraph.
Deleting Section 4502.
deleted.
Deleting Section 4503.
deleted.
Amending Section 4504.
amended to read:
Roof eaves, cornices, sun-control devices,
belt courses, and appendages such as water tables, sills,
capitals, bases, and architectural projections which cannot be
occupied or used may project over the public street of the
building site a distance as determined by the clearance of the
lowest point of the projection above the grade immediately
below, as follows:
"Clearance above grade less than B feet - No projection is
permitted.
-84-
"Clearance above grade over 8 feet - One inch of
projection is permitted for each additional inch of clearance
provided that no such projection shall exceed a distance of
4 feet.
"Roof eaves shall be sloped to downspouts and/or gutters
leading back to the building which shall conduct any drainage
under the sidewalk area through the curb to the street gutter."
Section 5-119. Amending Section 4505.
Section 4505 is amended to read:
"Section 4505.
"(a) General. For the purpose of this section, a marquee
shall include any object or decoration attached to or a part of
said marquee, except signs.
"(b) Projection and Clearance. The marquee shall project
not more than three fourths of the distance from the property
line to the face of the curb but in no case reach within 2 feet
6 inches of the face of the curb.
"There shall be a minimum of 8 feet vertical clearance
between the lowest point of any marquee to the sidewalk below.
"(c) Construction. A marquee shall be supported entirely
from the building and shall be constructed entirely of
noncombustible materials.
"EXCEPTION: Drop-roll curtains of canvas may be suspended
below the exterior periphery, provided a minimum clearance of 7
feet from the sidewalk below is maintained.
-85-
"(d) Roof Construction. The roof or any part therof may
be a skylight, provided glass skylights are of laminated or
wired glass complying with Chapter 34. Plastic skylights shall
comply with Section 5207.
"Every roof and skylight of a marquee shall be sloped to
downspouts which shall conduct any drainage from the marquee
under the sidewalk to the curb.
"(e) Location Prohibited. Every marquee shall be so
located as not to interfere with the operation of any
exterior standpipe or to obstruct the clear passage of
stairways or exits from the building or the installation or
maintenance of street lighting.
"(f) Thickness. The maximum height or thickness of a
marquee measured vertically from its lowest to its highest
point shall not exceed 3 feet."
Section 5-120. Amending Section 4506(b).
Section 4506(b) is amended to read:
"(b) Construction. Awnings shall have noncombustible
frames but may have combustible coverings provided that flame
retardant membrane conforming to UBC Standard 55-1 may be
used. Every awning shall be collapsible, retractable or
capable of being folded against the face of the supporting
building. When collapsed, retracted or folded the design shall
be such that the awning does not block any required exit."
-86-
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. A fixed awning not more than 10 feet in
length may be erected over a doorway to the building.
"2. Fix ed awnings at the first floor projecting not more
than 6 feet f rom the face of the building may be erec ted over
windows along the street."
Section 5-121. Amending Section 4506(c).
Section 4506(c) is amended by amending "2 feet t o the face
of the neares t curb line" to read "2 feet 6 inches to the face
of the neares t curb line."
Section 5-122. Amending Section 4507.
Section 4507 is amended to read:
"Section 4507. No doors, either fully opened or when
opening, shal l project beyond the property line."
Section 5-123. Adding Chapter 49.
Apendix Chapter 49 is by reference incorporated herein and
made a part o f this Code.
Section 5-124. Deleting Chapter 50.
Chapter 50 is deleted.
Section 5-125. Deleting Chapter 51.
Chapter 51 is deleted.
Section 5-126. Adding Chapter 53.
Chapter 53 is added to read as follows:
_87_
CHAPTER 53 - ENERGY CONSERVATION
Section 5301.
(a) Scope. The provisions of this article regulate the
design and construction of the exterior envelopes and selection
of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning, service water
heating, electrical distribution and illuminating systems and
equipment required for the purpose of effective conservation of
energy within a building or structure governed by this code.
Compliance with applicable provisions of ASHRAE Standard No.
90A-80, 90B-75, or latest ASHRAE Standard shall be deemed to
meet the requirements of this article.
(b) Applicability. The energy efficiency building
standards shall be enforced at the time of construction of a
new building and shall also be applied, in part, to that
portion of a major addition, alteration or repair of an
existing building when the proposed major addition, alteration
or repair must comply with the standards applicable to new
buildings under the Building Code.
EXCEPTIONS: 1. Buildings and structures, or portions
thereof, which are not heated or cooled shall be exempt from
the provisions of Sections 5306 through 5306 regulating
exterior envelope and heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
system.
2. Buildings and structures whose peak design rate of
energy usage is less than one watt per square foot or 3.4 Btuh
per square foot of floor area for all purposes shall be exempt
from all provisions of this article.
-88-
3. Structures which are not heated or cooled, or where
cooled with air conditioning systems totaling less than 12,000
Btuh capacity, shall be exempt from all provisions of this
article except Sections 5308 and 5309 pertaining to the
conservation of hot water.
4. For special applications such as hospitals,
laboratories, thermally sensitive equipment, computer rooms,
and manufacturing and industrial processes, the design concepts
and parameters shall conform to the requirements of the
application at minimum energy levels.
(c) Plans and Specifications. Plans, specifications, and
necessary computations shall be submitted to indicate
conformance with this chapter.
Plans and specifications for work to comply with the provisions
of this article shall be prepared, designed or approved by a
duly registered professional engineer or architect as required
by Chapter 464 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes.
(d) Information on Plans and Specifications. The plans
and specifications shall show in sufficient detail all
pertinent data and features of the building and the equipment
and systems as herein governed including but not limited to:
exterior envelope component materials, U values of the
respective elements including insulation, R values of
insulating materials, size and type of apparatus and equipment,
equipment and system controls, and other pertinent data to
indicate conformance with the requirements of this article.
-89-
(e) Alternative Systems. Alternative building systems
and equipment design shall be approved by the building official
when it can be demonstrated that the proposed energy
consumption will not exceed that of a similar building with
similar forms of energy requirements designed in accordance
with the provisions of this article.
When such alternative systems utilize solar, geothermal,
wind or other nondepletable energy sources or utilize waste
heat for all or part of its energy sources, such nondepletable
energy or recovered waste heat supplied to the buildings may be
excluded from the total energy chargeable to the proposed
alternative design.
Proposed alternative designs submitted as requests for
exception to the standard design criteria must be accompanied
by an energy analysis prepared in accordance with established
principles of environmental technologies (such as ASHRAE
Standard 90).
Section 5302. Definitions. The following terms are
defined for specialized use within this article.
(1) ASHRAE. American Society of Heating Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
(2) Coefficient of Performance (COP) - Cooling.
A. Electrically Operated HVAC Equipment. The ratio
of the rate of net heat removal to the rate of total
energy input expressed in consistent units and under
-90-
designated rating conditions. The rate of net heat
removal as used within this definition shall be the change
in the enthalpies of the air entering and leaving the
equipment (without reheat). The total energy inputs as
used within this definition shall be determined by
combining the energy inputs to all elements of the
equipment, including, but not limited to, compressors,
pumps, supply-air fans, return-air fans, condenser-air
fans, cooling tower fans and pumps, and the heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning system equipment control
circuit.
B. Applied HVAC System Components. The ratio of the
rate of net heat removal to the rate of total energy input
expressed in consistent units and under designated rating
conditions. The rate of net heat removal as used within
this definition shall be the difference in enthalpies of
the water or refrigerant entering and leaving the
component. The total energy input as used within this
system shall be determined by combining the energy inputs
to all elements and accessories of the component,
including, but not limited to, compressors, internal
circulating pumps, condenser-air fans,
evaporative-condenser cooling water pumps, purge, and the
heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system
components control circuit.
-91-
C. Heat-operated HVAC System Equipment. The ratio
of the net cooling output to the total heat input. The
rate of net heat removal as used within this definition
shall be the difference in enthalpies of the water or
refrigerant entering and leaving the component. The total
energy input as used within this system shall be
determined by combining the energy inputs to all elements
and accessories of the component, including, but not
limited to, compressors, internal circulating pumps,
condenser-air fans, evaporative-condenser cooling water
pumps, purge and the heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning system components control circuit.
(3) Coefficient of Performance (COP) - Heat Pump,
Heating. The ratio of the rate of net heat output to the rate
of total energy input expressed in consistent units and under
designated rating conditions. The rate of net heat output as
used within this definition shall be the change in the total
heat contents of the air entering and leaving the equipment,
excluding supplementary heat. The total energy- input as used
within this definition shall be the combined energy inputs to
all elements except supplementary heaters of the heat pump,
including, but not limited to, compressors, pumps, supply-air
fans, return-air fans, outdoor-air fans, cooling-tower fans,
and the HVAC system equipment control circuit.
(4) Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER). The ratio of net
cooling capacity in Btuh to total rate of electric input in
watts under designated operating conditions.
-92-
(5) Exterior Envelope. The elements of a building which
enclose conditioned spaces through which thermal energy may be
transferred to or from the exterior, or from unconditioned
spaces.
(6) Exterior Walls. For the purpose of this article, the
gross area of exterior walls consists of all opaque wall areas
and partition areas, including foundation walls above grade,
peripheral edges of floors, window areas including sash, and
door areas, where such surfaces are exposed to outdoor air or
unconditioned interior space and enclose a heated or
mechanically cooled space.
(7) Fenestration. Any light-transmitting opening in a
building wall or roof. Included are (A) the glazing material
which may be glass or plastic. (B) the framing, mullions,
muntins, and dividers, (C) external shading devices, (D)
internal shading devices, and (E) integral (between-glass)
shading systems.
(8) Floor Area, Gross. Gross floor area shall be the
floor area within the perimeter of the outside walls of the
building under consideration, without deduction for hallways,
stairs, closets, thickness of walls, columns or other features.
(9) Heated Space. A space within a building which is
provided with a positive heat supply to maintain air
temperature of 50 F. or higher.
(10) HVAC. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning.
-93-
(11) Opaque Areas. All exposed areas of a building
envelope which enclose conditioned space, except openings for
windows, skylights, doors, and building service systems.
(12) Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner. A
factory-selected combination of heating and cooling components,
assemblies or sections, intended to serve a room or zone.
(13) Power Factor. The ratio of the true power (watts)
to the apparent power (volts x amperes); the cosine of the
angle of lag between the alternating current and the voltage
waves.
(14) Rate of Net Heat Output. The change in the total
heat contents of the air entering and leaving the equipment,
not including supplementary heat.
(15) Readily Accessible. Capable of being reached safely
and quickly for operation, repair or inspection without
requiring those of whom ready access is requisite to climb over
or remove obstacles or to resort to the use of portable access
equipment.
(16) Reheat. The application of sensible heat to supply
air that has been previously cooled below the temperature of
the conditioned space by either mechanical refrigeration or
the introduction of outdoor air to provide cooling.
-94-
(17) Roof Assembly. For the purpose of this article, a
roof assembly shall be considered as all components of the
roof/ceiling envelope through which heat flows, thereby
creating a building transmission heat loss or gain, where such
assembly is exposed to outdoor air and encloses a heated or
mechanically cooled space.
The gross area of a roof assembly consists of the total
interior surface of such assembly, including skylights, exposed
to the heated and/or mechanically cooled space.
Where ceiling air plenums are employed, the roof/ ceiling
assembly shall:
(A) For thermal transmittance purposes, not include
the ceiling proper nor the plenum space as part of the
assembly.
(B) For gross area purposes, be based upon the
interior face of the upper plenum surface.
SHADING COEFFICIENT (SC).
SC = Solar Heat Gain of Fenestration
Solar Heat Gain Unshaded DSB
Where: DS means double strength
B means grade class
(18) Supplementary Heat. Heat generated in a heat pump,
electrical resistance heat or other heat input not provided
through the heat pump cycle.
(19) Terminal Element. The means by which the
transformed energy from a system is finally delivered; i.e.,
registers, diffusers, lighting fixtures, faucets, etc.
-95-
(20) Thermostat. An instrument which measures changes in
temperature and controls device(s) for maintaining a desired
temperature.
(21) Unconditioned. Not heated or cooled.
(22) Zone. A space or group of spaces within a building
with heating or cooling requirements sufficiently similar so
that comfort conditions can be maintained throughout by a
single controlling device.
Section 5303. Exterior Envelope Requirements.
(a) General. The intent of this section is to provide
minimum requirements for exterior envelope construction.
In addition to the criteria set forth in this chapter, the
proposed design may take into consideration the thermal mass of
the building in considering energy conservation in accordance
with engineering design standards such as those of ASHRAE.
A building that is designed to be both heated and cooled
shall meet the more stringent of the heating and cooling
requirements of the exterior envelope as provided in this
section when the requirements differ.
(b) Thermal Performance. All buildings and structures,
or portions thereof, that are heated or mechanically cooled
shall be constructed so as to provide the required thermal
performance of the various components.
-96-
The required thermal transmittance value (Uo) of any one
component such as roof/ceiling, wall or floor may be increased
and the Uo value for any other components decreased provided
that the overall heat gain or loss for the entire building
envelope does not exceed the total resulting from conformance
to the required Uo values.
(c) Residential Buildings Not More Than Three Stories in
Height. The following provisions shall apply to all buildings
and structures, or portions thereof, not more than three
stories in height and housing Group R Occupancies.
(1) Walls. The gross area of exterior walls above
grade, including foundation walls, shall have a combined
thermal transmittance value (Uo) not exceeding those
specified in Table No. 53A. The combined thermal
transmittance value (Uo) is to be computed using
Equation 53-1.
EXCEPTIONS: In locations with less than 500
Farenheit heating degree days there shall not be a maximum
Uo requirement if only heating is provided and the Uo
shall be not exceeding those specified in Table No. 53-1
if the building is mechanically cooled.
-97-
Uo = UwallAwall + Uwindow AWindow + Udoor Adoor
Ao
...(53-1)
NOTE: Where more than one type of wall, window and/or
door is used, the U x A term for that exposure shall be
expanded into its subelements, as:
Uwalll Awalll + Uwa112, etc.
Where Uo = the average thermal transmittance of the gross
wall area, Btu/h x ft2 x F.
Ao = the gross area of exterior walls, ft2
Uwall = the thermal transmittance of all elements of
the opaque wall area, Btu/h x ft2 x F.
A wall = opaque wall area, ft2
Uwindow = the thermal transmittance of the window area,
Btu/h x ft2 x F.
Awindow = Window area (including sash), ft2
Udoor = The thermal transmittance of the door area,
Btu/h x ftz x F.
Adoor = door area, ftz
(2) Roof/Ceiling. Any building that is heated or
mechanically cooled shall have a combined thermal
transmittance value (UO) for roof/ceiling not exceeding
those specified in Table No. 53A. The combined thermal
transmittance value (Uo) is to be computed using
Equation 53-2.
Uo = Uroof Aroof + Uskylight Askylight ...(53-2)
Ao
NOTE: Where more than one type of roof/ceiling and/or
skylight is used, the U x A term for that exposure shall
be expanded into its subelements, as:
Uroofl Aroofl + Uroof2 Aroof2, etc.
-98-
Where Uo = the average thermal transmittance of the gross
roof/ceiling area, Btu/h x ft2 x F.
Ao = the gross area of a roof/ceiling assembly,
ft2.
Uroof = the thermal transmittance of all elements of
the opaque roof/ceiling area, Btu/h x ft2 X F.
Aroof = opaque roof/ceiling area, ft2
Uskylight = the thermal transmittance of all skylight
elements in the roof/ceiling assembly,
Btu/h x ft2 x F.
Askylight = skylight area (including frame), ftz.
(3) Floors Over Unheated Spaces. The floor of a
heated or mechanically cooled space located over an
unheated space shall have a combined thermal transmittance
value (Uo) as specified in Table No. 53A.
(d) Other Buildings. The following provisions shall
apply to all buildings and structures, or portions thereof,
except those covered within Subsection (c) above.
(1) Heating Criteria For Walls. All buildings and
structures, or portions thereof, that are heated shall
have a combined thermal transmittance value (Uo) for the
gross area of exterior walls not exceeding those specified
in Table No. 53-B. The combined thermal transmittance
value (Uo) is to be computed using Equation 53-1.
(2) Heating Criteria for Roof/Ceiling. All
buildings and structures, or portions thereof, that are
heated shall have a combined thermal transmittance value
(Uo) for roof/ceiling assemblies not exceeding those
-99-
specified in Table No. 53-B. The combined thermal
transmittance value (Uo) is to be computed using
Equation 53-2.
(3) Heating Criteria For Floors Over Unheated
Spaces. The floor of a heated space located over an
unheated space shall have a thermal transmittance value
(Uo) not exceeding those specified in Table No. 53-B.
(4) Cooling Criteria For Walls. All buildings and
structures, or portions thereof, that are mechanically
cooled shall have an overall thermal transfer value for
the gross area of exterior walls not exceeding those
specified in Table No. 53-B. The overall thermal transfer
value, OTTV, for the gross area of exterior walls is to be
computed using Equation 53-3.
OTTV = (Uwall x A wall x TDEQ) + (Af x SF x SC)
Ao
+ (Uf x Af x T) ... (53-3)
Ao
NOTE: Where more than one type of wall and/or
fenestration is used, the terms shall be expanded
into subelements, as:
(Uwall x Awall x TDEQ) + (Uwa112 x Awa112 x TDEQZ) etc.
Where OTTV = overall thermal transfer value.
Uwall = the thermal transmittance of all
elements of the opaque wall area,
Btu/Hxft2xF.
Awall = opaque wall area, ft2.
-100-
Uf = the thermal transmittance of the
fenestration area, Btu/h x ft2F.
Af = entire exterior wall fenestration area,
ft2.
TDEQ = value given in Table No. 53H.
SC = shading coefficient of the fenestration
(see Definitions).
Ao = gross area of exterior walls, ft2.
T = temperature difference between exterior
and interior design conditions, F.
SF = solar factor value given in
BTU/h-ft2, using value from the
following table for the peak load time
of the cooling system:
SF (Interpolate for Other Directions and Times) 1
Time N NE E SE S SW W NW Horiz.
8 am 21 134 227 186 36 20 20 20 116
10 am 32 61 161 168 76 33 32 32 238
12 noon 36 37 39 69 93 69 39 37 282
2 pm 32 32 32 33 76 168 161 61 238
4 pm 21 20 20 20 36 186 227 134 116
1Where construction has exterior shading such that no
sun heat can reach the glass at all hours, its solar
factor shall be taken as 21.
(5) Cooling Criteria for Roof/Ceilings. All
buildings and structures, or portions thereof, that are
mechanically cooled shall have a combined thermal
transmittance value (Uo) for roof/ceiling assemblies not --
exceeding those specified in Table No. 53B. The combined
thermal transmittance value (Uo) is to be computed using
Equation 53-2.
-101-
Section 5304. Warm Air Heating, Ventilating and
Air-Conditioning Systems (All Occupancies Except Group R,
Division 3 Occupancies).
(a) Scope. This section applies to air duct systems
employing mechanical means for the movement of air used for
warm air heating, cooling, ventilation air-conditioning
systems, exhaust systems, and combination heating and
air-conditioning systems, except that this section shall not
apply to systems for the removal of flammable vapors or
residues or to systems for conveying dust, stock or refuse by
means of air currents.
(1) Design Parameters. For calculations under this
section, the following design parameters shall apply:
(A) Outdoor design conditions shall be based on
requirements in Chapter 39 - Air Conditioning and
Ventilating of the Administrative Rules of the
Department of Health, State of Hawaii.
(B) Indoor design temperature shall be 70°F.
for heating and 77°F. for cooling.
(C) Indoor design relative humidity for heating
shall not exceed 30 percent. For cooling, the design
relative humidity shall be 50 percent.
(2) Mechanical Ventilation. Each mechanical
ventilation system shall be equipped with an accessible
means for either shutoff or volume reduction and shutoff
when ventilation is not required.
-102-
(3) Simultaneous Heating and Cooling. Systems that
employ both heating and cooling simultaneously in order to
achieve comfort conditions within a space shall be limited
to those situations where more efficient methods of
heating and air conditioning cannot be effectively
utilized to meet system objectives. Simultaneous heating
and cooling by reheating or retooling supply air or by
concurrent operation of independent heating and cooling
systems serving a common zone shall be restricted as
specified herein.
(A) New energy may be used for control of
temperature if minimized as specified in Subsections
(C) through (H). New energy is defined as energy,
other than recovered, utilized for the purpose of
heating or cooling.
(B) Recovered energy, provided the new energy
expended in the recovery process is less than the
amount recovered, may be used for control of
temperature and humidity.
(C) New energy may be used, when necessary, to
prevent relative humidity from rising above 80
percent for comfort control or to prevent _
condensation on terminal units or outlets.
(D) Systems employing reheat and serving
multiple zones, other than those employing variable
air volume for temperature control, shall be provided
-103-
with control that will automatically reset the system
cold air supply to the highest temperature level that
will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air.
Single zone reheat systems shall be controlled to
sequence cooling reheating.
(E) Dual duct and multizone systems shall be
provided with control that will automatically reset
the cold air supply to the highest temperature that
will satisfy the zone requiring the coolest air and
the hot air supply to the lowest temperature that
will satisfy the zone requiring the warmest air.
(F) Systems in which heated air is retooled,
directly or indirectly, to maintain space
temperature, shall be provided with control that will
automatically reset the temperature to which the
supply air is heated to the lowest level that will
satisfy the zone requiring the warmest air.
(G) For systems with multiple zones, one or
more zones may be chosen to represent a number of
zones with similar heating/cooling characteristics.
A multiple zone heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning system that employs reheating or
retooling for control of not more that 5000 cfm or 20
percent of the total supply air of the system,
-104-
whichever is less, shall be exempt from the supply
air temperature reset requirements of Subsections (D)
and (F).
(H) Concurrent operation of independent heating
and cooling systems serving common spaces and
requiring the use of new energy for heating or
cooling shall be minimized by one or both of the
following:
(i) By providing sequential temperature
control of both heating and cooling capacity in
each zone.
(ii) By limiting the heating energy input,
through automatic reset control of
medium temperature or energy input
that necessary to offset heat loss
transmission and infiltration and,
applicable, to heat the ventilatio
to the space.
the heating
rate, to only
due to
where
n air supply
(b) Equipment Performance Requirements. The requirements
of this section apply to equipment and component performance
for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems. where
equipment efficiency levels are specified, data furnished by
the equipment supplier or certified under a nationally
recognized certification program or rating procedure shall be
used to satisfy these requirements.
-105-
(1) System Equipment. Heating, ventilating, and
air-conditioning system equipment whose energy input in
the cooling mode is entirely electric shall show a
coefficient of performance (COP) and energy efficiency
ratio (EER) not less than the values specified in Table
No. 53-C. These requirements apply to, but are not
limited to, unitary cooling equipment (air and water
source), packaged air conditioners, and room air
conditioners. This paragraph does not apply to equipment
used in areas having open refrigerated food display cases.
Heat-operated cooling equipment shall show a
coefficient of performance (COP) in the cooling mode not
less than the values specified in Table No. 53-D. These
requirements apply to, but are not limited to, absorption,
engine-driven and turbine-driven equipment. The
coefficient of performance (COP) is determined excluding
the electrical auxiliary inputs.
(2) System Components. Heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning system components whose energy input in
the cooling mode is entirely electric shall show a
coefficient of performance (COP) and energy efficiency
ratio (EER) not less than the values specified in Table
No. 53-E.
(3) Heat Pumps. Heat Pumps whose energy input is
entirely electric shall show a coefficient of performance
(COP), heating, not less than the values specified in
Table No. 53-F.
-106-
(4) Supplementary Heater. The heat pump shall be
installed with a control to prevent supplementary heater
operation when the heating load can be met by the heat
pump alone.
Supplementary heater operation is permitted during
transient periods, such as start-ups, following room
thermostat set-point advance and during defrost.
A two-stage room thermostat which controls the
supplementary heat in its second stage shall be accepted
as meeting this requirement. The cut-on temperature for
the compression heating shall be higher than the cut-on
temperature for the supplementary heat, and the cut-off
temperature for the compression heating shall be higher
than the cut-off temperature for the supplementary heat.
Supplementary heat may be derived from any source of
electric resistance heating or combustion heating.
(5) Combustion Heating Equipment. All gas and
oil-fired comfort heating equipment shall show a minimum
combustion efficiency of 75 percent at maximum rated
output. Combustion efficiency shall be determined in
accordance with acceptable engineering principles.
(c) Insulation of Ducts. All duct systems, or portions
thereof, exposed to nonconditioned spaces shall be insulated in
accordance with Section 1714 (d) of this code.
-107-
Section 5305. Warm Air Heating, Ventilating And
Air-Conditioning Systems In One- and Two-Family Dwellings
(Group R, Division 3 Occupancies). All duct systems, or
portions thereof, exposed to nonconditioned spaces shall be
insulated in accordance with Section 1714 (d) of this code.
Section 5306. Systems Controls In All Occupancies. All
heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems shall be
provided controls for all occupancies as specified herein.
(a) Temperature. Each heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning system shall be provided with at least one
thermostat for the regulation of temperature. Each thermostat
shall be capable of being set from 55°F. to 75°F. where used to
control cooling only. Where used to control both heating and
cooling, it shall be capable of being set from 55°F. to 85°F.,
and shall be capable of operating the system heating and
cooling in sequence. It shall be adjustable to provide a
temperature range of up to 10°F. between ful heating and full
cooling, except as allowed, in Section 5304 (a)3H.
(b) Humidity. If a heating, ventilating, and
air-conditioning system is equipped with a means for adding
moisture to maintain specific selected relative humidities in
spaces or zones, a humidistat shall be provided. This device
shall be capable of being set to prevent new energy from being
used to produce space relative humidity above 30 percent
relative humidity. Where a humidistat is used in a heating,
-108-
ventilating and air-conditioning system for controlling
moisture removal to maintain specific selected relative
humidities in spaces or zones, it shall be capable of being set
to prevent new energy from being used to produce a space
relative humidity below 60 percent.
(c) Temperature Zoning. In all Group R, Division 3
Occupancies, at least one thermostat for regulation of space
temperature shall be provided for each separate heating,
ventilating and air-conditioning system. In addition, a
readily accessible manual or automatic means shall be provided
to partially restrict for shut off the heating or cooling input
to each zone or floor, excluding unheated or uncooled basements
and garages.
In all Group R, Division 1 Occupancies, each individual
dwelling unit shall be considered separately and shall meet the
above requirements for Group R, Division 3 Occupancies.
In all buildings and structures, or portions thereof,
other than Group R, Division 3 Occupancies, and in spaces other
than dwelling units in Group R, Division 1 Occupancies, at
least one thermostat for regulation of space temperature shall
be provided for each separate heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning system and for each floor of the building.
(d) Setback and Shut Off. In all Group R, Division 3
Occupancies, the thermostat or an alternate means such as a
switch or a clock shall provide a readily accessible manual or
automatic means for reducing the energy required for heating
and cooling during periods of nonuse or reduced need.
-109-
In all other buildings and structures, or portions therof,
each heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system shall be
equipped with a readily accessible means of reducing the energy
used for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning during
periods of non-use or alternate uses of the building spaces or
zones served by the system, such as with manually adjustable
automatic timing devices, manual devices for use by operating
personnel, or automatic control systems.
Lowering thermostat set points to reduce energy
consumption of heating systems shall not cause energy to be
expended to reach the reduced setting.
Section 5307. Piping for Steam and Hot water Heating
Systems. All piping serving as part of a heating or cooling
system installed to serve buildings and within buildings shall
be thermally insulated as shown in Table No. 53-G.
Insulation thicknesses are based on insulation having
thermal resistance in the range of 4.0 to 4.6 per inch of
thickness on a flat surface at a mean temperature of 75°F.
Minimum insulation thickness shall be increased for materials
having R values less than 4.0 or may be reduced for materials
having R values greater than 4.6 per inch of thickness as
follows:
(1) For materials with thermal resistance greater than
R = 4.6, the minimum insulation thickness may be determined as
follows:
4.6 x Table No. 53-G Thickness = New Minimum Thickness
Actual R
-110-
(2) For materials with thermal resistance less than
R = 4.0, the minimum insulation thickness shall be determined
as follows:
4.0 x Table No. 53-G Thickness = New Minimum Thickness
Actual R
EXCEPTIONS: Piping insulation, except when needed to
prevent condensation, is not required in any of the following
cases:
(1) Piping installed within heating, ventilating and
air-conditioning equipment.
(2) Piping operating at internal temperatures between
55°F. and 120°F.
(3) When the heat loss or heat gain of the piping,
without insulation, does not increase the energy requirements
of the building.
(4) Piping installed in basements, cellars or
unventilated crawl space with insulated walls in Group R,
Division 3 Occupancies.
Where required to prevent condensation, insulation with
vapor barriers shall be installed in addition to insulation
required above.
Section 5308. Conservation of Hot Water.
(a) Showers. Showers used for other than safety reasons
shall be equipped with flow control devices to limit total flow
to a maximum of 3 gpm per shower head.
-111-
(b) Lavatories. Lavatories with hot water supplies in
restrooms of other than dwelling units in Group R Occupancies
shall
(1) Be equipped with outlet devices which limit the
flow of hot water to a maximum of 0.5 gpm, or
(2) Be equipped with devices which limit the outlet
temperature to maximum of 110°F., or
(3) Be equipped with self-closing valves that limit
delivery to a maximum of 0.25 gallons of hot water.
(c) Piping Insulation. Piping in return circulation
systems shall be insulated so that heat loss is limited to a
maximum of 17.5 Btu/h per linear foot of pipe. Maximum heat
loss shall be determined at a temperature differential equal to
the maximum water temperature minus a design ambient
temperature not higher than 65°F.
EXCEPTION: Conformance with Table No. 53-G for low
temperature piping systems shall be deemed as complying with
this section.
(d) Pump Operation. Circulating hot water systems shall
be arranged so that the circulating pump can be turned off
either automatically or manually when the hot water system is
not in operation.
(e) Performance Efficiency. All automatic electric
storage water heaters shall have a stand-by loss not exceeding
4 watts per square foot of tank surface area. This method of
test of stand-by loss shall be in accordance with acceptable
engineering principles.
-112-
All gas and oil-fired automatic storage heaters shall have
a recovery efficiency, Er, not less than 75 percent and a
stand-by loss percentage, S, not exceeding S = 2.3 + 67/V,
where V = rated volume in gallons. The method of determining
Er and S shall be in accordance with acceptable engineering
principles.
Service water heating equipment shall not be dependent on
year-round operation of space heating boilers, that is, boilers
that have as another function winter space heating.
(f) Insulation. Unfired hot water storage tanks shall be
insulated so that heat loss is limited to a maximum of 13.6
Btu/h per square foot of external tank surface area. For
purposes of determining this heat loss, the design ambient
temperature shall be not higher than 65°F.
Section 5309. Controls.
(a) Temperature Controls. All hot water supply systems
shall be equipped with automatic temperature controls capable
of adjustments from the lowest to the highest acceptable
temperature settings for the intended use.
(b) Shut Down. A separate switch shall be provided to
terminate the energy supplied to electric hot water supply
systems. A separate valve shall be provided to turn off the
energy supplied to the main burner of all other types of hot
water supply systems.
-113-
Section 5310. Lighting Power Limit for Buildings.
(a) General. This section establishes the maximum power
limit for interior and exterior illumination systems.
(b) Exempt Buildings. Buildings housing Group R,
Division 3 Occupancies, and the dwelling unit portion of
buildings housing Group R, Division 1 Occupancies are exempt
from the requirements of this section.
(c) Lighting Power Limit. A lighting power limit is the
upper limit of the power to be available to provide the
lighting needs of a building.
(d) Separate lighting power limit shall be calculated for
the building interior and for the building exterior.
(e) Calculation Procedure. To establish a lighting power
limit the following procedure shall be used:
(1) Interiors
(A) Determine the use categories for the
various parts of the building from Table 53-I.
(B) Multiply the maximum power limit for each
category by the gross floor area included in that
category.
(C) Add the total watts for each area to arrive
at the lighting power limit for the building. Where
ballasts are used, include wattage of ballasts.
(D) In open-concept spaces in excess of 2,000
sq. ft., with no defined egress or circulation
pattern, 25 percent of the area shall be designated
as category B.
-114-
(2) Exteriors.
(A) Category E Lighting (See Table 53-I) -
Multiply the limit given in Table 53-I by the number
of lineal feet in the building perimeter. Except for
lighting required for security and safety, category E
lighting shall be off from 2:00 a.m. to fifteen
minutes before sunset.
(B) Other exterior lighting - Multiply the
value in category F in Table 53-I by the area to be
illuminated.
(3) Exception:
Lighting for theatrical, television, cleanrooms, spectator
sports, and like performances shall not be included in the
total building limit. Control of this lighting shall have
limited access.
(f) Alternates.
(1) The installed lighting power for any area may be
increased or decreased from the values of Table 53-I
provided the total interior building lighting power limit
calculated in Section 5310 (e) is not exceeded. The task
lighting for any area shall not exceed the standards set
forth in the 1981 edition of the Illuminating Engineering
Society (IES) Handbook.
(2) Lighting for retail stores may use 5 watts per
square foot for the first 500 square feet and 2.5 watts
per square foot for floor area in excess of 500 square
feet.
-115-
(g) Lighting Switching. In all exterior areas, lighting
fixtures shall be switched automatically for non-operation when
natural light is available.
(h) Documentation. Lighting power loads shall be
presented to the building official in an acceptable format and
shall include the total connected lighting wattage per square
foot for the entire structure.
(i) Application to Existing Buildings.
(1) General. The provisions of this section shall
apply to all existing buildings and structures with a
gross floor area in excess of 10,000 square feet.
(2) Exempt Buildings and Lighting. The following
are exempt from the provisions of this section:
(A) Buildings housing Group R, Division 3
Occupancies and the dwelling unit portion of
buildings housing Group R, Division 1 Occupancies.
(B) The manufacturing portion of industrial
plants.
(C) Exterior lighting, provided that Section
5310 (g) shall apply to exterior lighting for
existing buildings or portions of existing buildings
not exempt under Subsections (A) and (B) above.
(3) Existing Buildings. For the purposes of this
section, existing buildings shall be as defined under
Section 403 of this code.
-116-
(4) Calculation Procedure. Lighting power limit for
existing buildings shall be established following
procedure set forth in Section 5310 (e).
(5) Alternates. The alternates set forth in Section
5310 (f) shall also be applicable to existing buildings.
(6) Documentation. Lighting power loads shall be
presented to the building official in an acceptable format
and shall include the total connected lighting wattage per
square foot for the portion of a structure under
consideration.
Section 5311. Energy Conservation In Electrical
Distribution Systems.
(a) Power Factor. The power factor of the overall
electrical distribution system in a building shall be not less
than 90 percent under rated design installed load of the
building, either by utilizing equipment design or by the use of
power factor corrective devices. The corrective methods shall
be based upon an engineering evaluation of each distribution
system.
(b) Lighting Switching. Switching shall be provided for
each lighting circuit, or for portions of each circuit so that
the partial lighting required for custodial or for effective
complementary use with natural lighting may be operated
selectively.
-117-
Section 5312. Violations and Penalties. For violation
and penalty provisions, see 205.
TABLE NO. 53-A - CRITERIA FOR GROUP R OCCUPANCY
BUILDINGS THREE STORIES OR LESS IN HEIGHT
ELEMENT MODE Uo
Walls Coolin 0.47
Roof/Ceilin Heating & 0.06
Roof w/o Ceilin * Coolin 0.15
Floors Over Heating & 0.47
Unheated S aces Coolin
*Use this when a ceiling air plenum is invi
ABLE NO. 53-B - CRITERIA FOR BUILDINGS OTH:
ROUP R OCCUPANCY THREE STORI ES OR LESS IN :
ELEMENT MODE Uo OTTV
Walls Heating 0.47
Coolin 28.5
Roof/Ceilin Heating & 0.06
Roof w/o Ceilin * Cooling 0.15
Floors Over Heating 0.36
TTnhoahaA Rnace~ '.
>lved.
;R THAN
~E I GHT
*Use this when a ceiling air plenum is involved.
TABLE NO. 53-C - MINIMUM EER AND COP FOR ELECTRICALLY
DRIVEN AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
Water or
STANDARD RATING CAPACITY Air Cooled Evao. Cooled
EER COP EER COP
Under 65 000 BTU/hr (19 kilos) 7.8 2.28 8.8 2.58
65 000 BTU/hr (19 kilos) & over 8.2 2.40 9.2 2.69
-118-
TABLE NO. 53-D - MINIMUM COP FOR HEATING, VENTILATING, AND
AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM HEAT OPERATED COOLING EQUIPMENT
HEAT SOURCE MINIMUM COP
Direct fired (gas, oil) 0.48
Indirect fired (steam, hot water) 0.68
TABLE NO. 53-E - MINIMUM COP FOR ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN
AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
CONDENSING AIR WATER
Self-contained
Condenserless
Condensing Units
65,000 BTU/hr
(19 kilowatts)
Centrifugal 8.0 2.34 13.8 4.04
Positive
Positive
Positive
Displacement 9.5 2.78 12.5 3.66 12.5 3.61
TABLE NO. 53-F - MINIMUM COP FOR HEAT PUMPS, HEATING MODE
SOURCE AND OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE, °F MINIMUM COP
Air Source - 47dB/43WB 2.7
Air Source - 17 dB/15WB 1.8
Water Source - 60 Enterin 3.0
-119-
TABLE N0. 53-G - MINIMUM PIPE INSULATION
Fluid
Temper-
ature
Range,
Piping System Types of
Heating Systems
Steam and Hot Water
INSULATION THICKNESS IN INCHES
FOR PIPE SIZES
Run-
outs
Up 1" 1-1/4 2-1/2 5"
to and to to &
2" Less 2" 4" 4"
High Pressure/Temp. 306-450 1-1/2 2-1/2
I Med. Pressure/Temp. 251-305 1-1/2 2
Low Pressure/Temp. 201-250 1 1-1/2
Low Temperature 120-200 1/2 1
Steam Condensate
(for Feed Water) Any 1 1
2-1/2 3 3-1/2
2-1/2 2-1/2 3
1-1/2 2 2
1 1-1/2 1-1/2
1-1/2 2 2
Cooling Systems
Chilled water, 40-55 1/2 1/2 3/4 1
Refrigerant or
Brine Below 40 1 1 1-1/2 1-
1
8..
s
Large
3-1/2
3
2
1-1/2
2
1
TABLE N0. 53-H - TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE FOR SUNLIT WALLS*
Wall Construction
Mass Per Unit Area - lbx/ft2
TDEQ-°F
0-25 44
26-40 37
41-70 30
71 and above 23
*Temperature difference for shaded-areas need be no
greater than the average difference between ambient and
inside conditions.
-120-
TABLE NO. 53-I - LIGHTING LIMIT (CONNECTED LOAD) FOR
LISTED OCCUPANCIES
MAX. LIMIT
PER SQ. FT.
TYPE OF USE (WATTS)
INTERIOR
Category A: 3
Classroom, office, automotive, mechanical
area, museum, conference room, drafting,
clerical, laboratory, retail stores,
manufacturing, process, industrial, kitchen,
examining room, open library stacks,
athletic facility
Category B: 1
Auditorium, place of assembly, waiting area,
spectator area, restroom, dining, working
corridor in prison and hospital,
transportation terminal, closed book stacks,
active storage, hospital bedroom, hotel/
motel bedroom, enclosed shopping mall
concourse
Category C: .5
Corridor, lobby, elevator, stairway,
dead storage, bulk manufacturing
Category D: .25
Indoor parking
EXTERIOR
Category E: 5 (per
linear
Building Perimeter: Wall-wash foot)
facade, canopy
Category F:
Outdoor parking
0.05
-121-
Section 5-127. Amending Section 5405.
Section 5405 is amended to read as follows:
Section 5405. Louvered Windows. Regular plate, sheet, or
patterned glass in jalousies and louvered windows shall be no
thinner than nominal 7/32 inch and no longer than 48 inches.
When other glass types are used, design shall be submitted to
the building official for approval. Exposed glass edges shall
be smooth. Wired-glass with wire exposed on longitudinal edges
shall not be used in jalousies or louvered windows.
Section 5-128. Amending Section 5406(b).
Section 5406(b) is amended by adding a third paragraph to
read as follows:
Safety glazing material cut locally shall not be used in
construction except when proper identification of the
safety glazing material is made and a statement from the
installer stating that safety glazing material has been
used in the installation is submitted and approved by the
building official.
Section 5-129. Adding Chapter 57.
Appendix, Chapter 57 - REGULATIONS GOVERNING FALLOUT
SHELTERS, Uniform Building Code, 1991 Edition, is by reference
incorporated herein and made a part of this code.
Section 5-130. Amending Section 6001.
Section 6001 is amended by adding a second paragraph to
read as follows:
wherever the Uniform Building Code Standards are referred
to as the standard in this code, compliance with the current
-122-
codes and standards of the National Fire Protection Association
or other approved national standards will be equivalent to
meeting the Uniform Building Code Standards.
Section 5-131. Adding Chapter 61.
Chapter 61 is added to read as follows:
CHAPTER 61 - FACTORY BUILT HOUSING
Section 6101. Applicablility. These provisions are
applicable to the design, construction, installation and
transportation of factory built housing (FBH) within the County
of Hawaii. Unless otherwise specified this Chapter shall be
applicable only to FBH which is sold or offered for sale to
first users as defined below.
All provisions of the Building, Housing, Electrical and
Plumbing Codes shall be applicable unless indicated otherwise
in this Chapter.
Section 6102. Definitions.
(a) "Factory built housing" means any structure or
portion therof designed primarily for residential occupancy by
human beings, which is either entirely prefabricated or
assembled at a place other than the building site.
(b) "First user" means a person, firm or corporation who
initially installs FBH within this State. A person who
subsequently purchases an installed FBH is not a first user
within the meaning of this definition.
(c) "Installation" means the assembly of FBH on site and
the process of affixing FBH to land, a foundation or an
existing building.
-123-
(d) "Insignia of approval" means a tag, tab, stamp, label
or other device issued by the Building Official to
indicate compliance with the statutes and these rules.
(e) "Manufacture" means the process of making,
fabricating, constructing, forming or assembling a product from
raw, unfinished or semi-finished materials to produce FBH.
(f) "Site" is the parcel of land on which FBH is
installed.
Section 6103. Building Permit Required. No person shall
install FBH or cause the foregoing to be done without first
obtaining a building permit from the building official for each
FBH.
Section 6109. Building Permit Fee. A fee for each
building permit as set forth in Table No. 3-A shall be paid to
the building official. The fee shall be based on the valuation
of the building in place complete including the cost of
carport, fences, walls, etc.
Section 6105. Insignia of Approval.
(a) FBH manufactured in this County which is sold or
offered for sale to first users within this County shall bear
the insignia of approval issued by the building official
indicating that the FBH is in compliance with this Chapter.
(b) FBH manufactured outside the County shall bear the
insignia of approval issued by any governmental or inspectional
agency approved by the building official.
-124-
Section 6106. Performance of Plumbing and Electrical
Work. All electrical and plumbing work to be performed at the
factory must be accomplished:
(a) By licensed electricians or plumbers, respectively,
of the County in which the factory is located, if the
manufacturer does not submit a quality control manual which is
approved by the building official; or
(b) Under the supervision of a licensed supervising
electrician or master plumber, respectively, of the County in
which the factory is located, if the manufacturer submits a
quality control manual which is approved by the building
official.
Section 6107. Plans and Specifications.
(a) For each model of FBH 3 sets of plans and
specifications shall be submitted and approval obtained prior
to fabrication.
(b) With each application for a building permit, 3 sets
of installation plans and specifications including the plot
plan shall be submitted.
Section 6108. Inspections. The building official shall
make periodic in-plant inspections to verify that the FBH
produced comply with the plans as approved by the building
official.
Section 6109. Transporting FBH.
(a) The transportation of FBH shall be governed by the
provisions of the County and State Traffic Codes.
(1984, Ord. No. 84-76, sec. 2.)
-125-
Section 5-132. Adding Chapter 62.
Chapter 62 is added to read as follows:
CHAPTER 62 - THATCHED MATERIAL ON EXTERIOR OF BUILDINGS;
PROTECTOR AGAINST EXPOSURE FIRES.
Section 6201. Applicability. Thatched material on the
exterior of buildings shall be permitted only upon buildings
located in areas zoned for resort uses which primarily service
the tourist trade when approved by the building official.
The thatched material permitted in this section shall be
used for decorative purposes on the roof or wall of buildings.
The building, independent of the thatched material, shall
comply with all applicable provisions of this chapter.
When thatched material is used as permitted in this
section, and an appropriate permit is obtained therefor,
outside sprinklers for protection against exposure fires shall
be required as hereinafter provided.
Section 6202. General.
(a) Thatched materials used on the roof of a building
shall be protected by manually operated sprinkler heads, with
adequate water supply, pipe size, and sprinkler head spacing in
accordance with sprinkler system requirements set forth in this
section.
(b) Thatched materials used on the wall of a building
shall be protected by manually operated outside sprinklers.
Size and spacing of sprinklers and pipe size shall be in
-126-
accordance with Chapter 6, "Outside Sprinklers for Protection
Against Exposure Fires," of the National Fire Codes of the
National Fire Protection Association. Controls shall be as set
forth in this section.
Section 6203. Sprinkler Requirements.
(a) General. Sprinklers shall be located at the high
point of the roof. Upright or pendant sprinklers shall be used
for gable roofs. Sidewall sprinklers shall be used for shed
roofs.
(b) Spacing of Sprinklers. The maximum width of roof
with one row of sprinklers shall be as follows:
Roof Slope
1:3 or greater
Less than 1:3
Orifice Size
Width of Roof
15'
20'
25'
10'
15'
20'
3/8"
1/2"
17/32"
3/8"
1/2"
17/32"
Maximum spacing of sprinklers on branch lines (along
ridge) shall be as follows: 3/8-inch orifice - 6 feet;
1/2-inch orifice - 8 feet; 17/32-inch orifice - 10 feet.
Conical roofs may be protected with one sprinkler at
the apex if the diameter of the roof does not exceed the width
of roof referred to in this section.
Where the width of a roof exceeds the width allowed
for one row of sprinklers, as provided in the table in this
section, two or more rows of sprinklers shall be required. The
rows of sprinklers shall be placed such that the entire roof
area is protected.
-127-
(c) Areas Protected. Each area (zone) of thatched
material that is separated from another thatched area by an
open space of 20 feet or more or by incombustible construction
of 20 feet or more shall be considered a separate area (zone).
Risers to each separate zone shall not be less than that
shown in subsection (e), except as modified as follows:
1. More than one zone may be protected by one
valve, if the supply is adequate.
2. If one area (zone) is larger than can be
protected with the existing supply, the zones can be subdivided
into subzones if the following criteria are met: An area of at
least 800 square feet is protected by the subzone control
valve; there is at least a 10 percent overlap in coverage of
adjoining subzones; and operation of the manual control valves
will automatically transmit an alarm to the fire department.
(d) Water Supply. The sprinkling system shall have a
separate connection to the water main in the street, to an
approved automatic fire-extinguishing system supply line, to a
wet standpipe supply line, or to a domestic supply of adequate
size. The water supply required shall be determined from
either of the following:
-128-
1. Flow per sprinkler for the largest zone, with
residual pressure at the highest sprinkler at 15 pounds
per square inch with all heads operating, shall be as
follows:
Orifice Size Gallons Per Minute
3/8" 15
1/2" 20
17/32" 25
2. The flow shall be hydraulically calculated so as
to discharge at least 0.11 gallons per minute per square foot
or surface area to be sprinklered.
e) Riser and Pipe Size. Pipe sizes shall be determined
from the flow as calculated in subsection (d). However, no
pipe less than one inch in size shall be used. The following
table may be used in conjunction with this flow calculation for
the selection of pipe or riser sizes:
Pipe or Riser Size
Orifice 1" 1-1/4" 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-1/2" 4"
Size No. of Sprinklers
3/8" 3 4 7 11 21 37 40 40
1/2 2 3 5 8 15 27 40 40
17/32 1 2 4 6 11 19 30 38
(f) Number of Sprinklers Served. The number of
sprinklers on a branch line shall not exceed six. Center feet
shall be used for six or more sprinklers. The number of
sprinklers under control of each control valve shall not exceed
forty. At the location of each valve, there shall be a drain
connection and a 1/4-inch valve outlet test connection to
accommodate pressure gauge.
-129-
(g) Material Installed Above Grade. Piping shall be
galvanized steel schedule 40 with galvanized malleable iron
fittings or hard drawn copper with silver solder fittings.
Pipes shall be securely fastened to the structure.
Valves shall be the manual type approved and listed by the
Underwriters' Laboratories or by other approved testing
agencies. Valves shall be installed outdoors and so located as
to be readily accessible in case of fire. Signs indicating the
use of valves shall be conspicuously posted.
(h) Local Alarm. Any one system with 20 or more
sprinklers under control of one valve shall be complemented
with a local fire alarm, either electrically or mechanically
operated.
(1984, Ord. No. 84-76, sec. 2.)
Section 5-133. Adding Chapter 63.
Chapter 63 is added to read as follows:
Chapter 63. PUBLIC SWIMMING POOLS.
Sec. 6301. Applicability. These provisions are
applicable to the design and construction of public swimming
and wading pools.
Those pools covered by these regulations include
municipal, institutional, hotel, apartment, and pools of
similar type usage; and hydrotherapy spas, therapeutic pools,
and special pools of similar type usage. Not covered are
swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs for one and two-family
dwelling, and similar type pools; and ornamental pools.
-130-
All provisions of the Building, Electrical, and Plumbing
Codes shall be applicable unless indicated otherwise in this
chapter. Although exempted from this chapter, private
residential pools shall also comply with the Building,
Electrical, and Plumbing Codes.
Sec. 6302. General.
(a) Building Permit Required. No person shall install
any swimming pool or cause the foregoing to be done without
first obtaining a building permit.
(b) Plans and Specifications. Plans, specifications and
sufficient data shall be submitted with each application for a
permit and shall be prepared by an engineer or architect
licensed by the State of Hawaii.
Section 6303. Construction Details.
(a) Materials. All pools and all appurtenances thereto
shall be constructed of impervious and durable materials which
are nontoxic, which can withstand the design stresses, and
which will provide a water-tight structure with a smooth and
easily cleaned surface. The surfaces within the pool intended
to provide footing for bathers shall be designed to provide a
slip-resistant surface.
(b) Water Depth. Swimming pools shall have a minimum
depth of water in the shallow end of three feet. Wading pools
shall have a maximum water depth of 24 inches. The water depth
at the perimeter of wading pools shall not exceed 18 inches.
-131-
Exceptions to depth requirements may be made for hydrotherapy
spas, therapeutic pools and other special condition pools as
approved by the building official.
The depth of water in feet and inches shall be plainly
marked above the water surface on the vertical pool wall and/or
on top of the deck edge within 18 inches of the water edge at
all major deviations of pool depth. Depth marking shall have a
four-inch minimum height, be slip-resistant and spaced at not
more than twenty-five-foot intervals.
(c) Slope of Pool Floor. The slope of the pool floor
from the shallow end wall towards the deep end shall not exceed
one in ten (1:10) to the point of the first slope change. The
slope of the floor from the first slope change to the deep end
shall not exceed one in three (1:3).
(d) Pool Shape. No limits are specified for the shape of
swimming pools except that consideration shall be given to the
shape from the standpoint of safety and adequate circulation of
the swimming pool water. There shall be no protrusions, means
of entanglement, or other obstructions in the swimming pool
which can cause the entrapment or injury of the bather.
(e) Handholds, Egress and Entry. All swimming pools,
shall be provided with handholds (coping edge, rings, ledges,
secured rope or similar devices) around the perimeter installed
in areas where depths exceed three feet six inches, no further
apart than four feet and not greater than 12 inches above the
-132-
water line. Where perimeter overflow systems are not provided,
a coping ledge, cantilevered deck edge or materials equivalent
in strength and durability with rounded, slip-resistant edges
shall be provided.
Adequate means of entry to and egress from swimming pools
shall be provided utilizing stairs, ladders, ledges, recessed
steps or other approved means.
(f) Decks, Walkways and Ramps. Decks, walkways, ramps
and similar surfaces shall be slip-resistant and sloped to
provide adequate drainage away from the pool.
Section 6304. Illumination. Illumination of the pool
interior shall be provided for night use with not less than
0.50 watts per square foot of pool surface area.
Section 6305. Filtration and Circulation. All pools
shall be provided with a recirculation system adequate in its
design to provide uniform circulation of the water and rated
flows for proper filtration.
At least one drain shall be provided at the lowest point
of pool floor and shall be of the anti-vortex type or otherwise
designed to prevent being blocked by a bather.
The materials utilized in the recirculation system shall
be of non-toxic material, resistant to corrosion and able to
withstand operating pressures.
The recirculation and filtration equipment for swimming
pools shall be sized to turn over the entire pool water
-133-
capacity at lease once every six hours. The equipment for
wading pools shall be sized for a two-hour turnover. The
equipment for hydrotherapy spas, therapeutic pools and special
pools of similar type usage shall be sized for a thirty-minute
turnover.
A pressure gauge and rate of flow indicator as a means of
indicating system condition shall be provided in the
circulation system at easily readable locations.
An overflow collection system (gutters), automatic surface
skimmers or other approved collection systems shall be
installed on all pools covered by these regulations.
Filtration backwash water shall be discharged to sanitary
sewer, dry well or injection well. Pool drain water shall be
discharged to storm drain, dry well, injection well or surface
areas within owner's property.
Section 6306. Chemical Feeding and Regulating Equipment.
All swimming pools shall be provided with adequate and
appropriate chemical feeding and regulating equipment capable
of precisely feeding the required quantity of disinfecting
agent to the pool water. Chemical feeders shall be installed
downstream of the pool filtration and heating equipment and
shall be electrically wired so they cannot operate unless the
pool recirculating pump is running.
When compressed chlorine gas is used, the chlorine
cylinders and chlorine mechanical proportioning equipment shall
-134-
be housed in a separate, corrosion-resistant,
mechanically-vented enclosure, which is reasonable resistant to
gas leakage. Access to the chlorination room shall be from the
exterior. The mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust at
least 4 CFM per square foot of floor space with exhaust intake
at floor level. Automatic louvers near the top and bottom of
the room for admitting air shall be provided. The chlorine
exhaust vent shall terminate at least 10 feet above the ground
and pool deck area. Electrical switches for the control of
artificial lighting and ventilation equipment shall be located
on the outside of the enclosure adjacent to the door. Gas
masks approved by the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health shall be accessible outside the chlorine
enclosure.
Section 6307. Lifesaving Equipment. One unit of
life-saving equipment shall be provided for each 2,000 square
feet of swimming pool area and shall consist of:
(1) A ring buoy with a minimum outside diameter of 24
inches to which shall be attached a length of one-quarter-inch
rope not less than one and one-half times the maximum width of
the pool.
(2) A shepherd's crook with minimum length handle of
12 feet.
(3) Where no lifeguard is provided, a warning sign shall
be placed in plain view and shall state "Warning - No Lifeguard
on Duty" with letters at least four inches high.
-135-
Section 6308. Heaters. Heaters shall Comply with the
Electrical and Plumbing Codes and shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
Section 6309. Fences and Other Protective Devices. Every
person in possession of land, either as owner, lessee, tenant
or licensee, upon which is situated a swimming, dipping or
wading pool which contains water 18 inches or more in depth at
any point shall erect and maintain theron a fence, wall or
other enclosure completely surrounding such pool or the
property on which the pool is situated, sufficient to make the
pool inaccessible to small children; provided that a dwelling
or other building which may serve as a barrier, may be used as
a part of such enclosure. Such fence, wall or other enclosure,
including gates, shall be at least four and one-half feet high.
EXCEPTION: The provisions of this section shall not apply
to any swimming, dipping, or wading pool on the premises of a
hotel as defined in the Land Use Ordinance.
All gates or doors must be self-closing and equipped with
a self-.latching device capable of keeping such gate or door
securely closed, with latches placed at least four feet above
ground or otherwise made inaccessible from the outside to small
children; provided that the door of any dwelling forming any
part of the enclosures hereinabove required need not be so
equipped.
-136-
Section 6310. Violations and Penalties. For violations
and penalty provisions, see Section 205.
Section 5-134. Adding Chapter 64.
Chapter 64 is added as follows:
Chapter 64. EQUAL ACCESS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Section 6401. Applicability. The provisions contained
herein are applicable to the design and construction of new
buildings within the County of Hawaii. These provisions also
apply to those additions and those spaces being altered where
access by ramp, elevator or an adjoining parking deck is
available or is to be provided.
The design dimensions or elements of this chapter shall
apply to all accessible structures as determined in
Chapter 31. where guidelines are not indicated herein, The
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) guidelines shall be
followed.
These provisions shall not apply to public buildings and
facilities covered by Section 103-50, HRS, and to the
reconstruction of historic buildings listed on the State
Historical Register.
Requirements for parking stalls for the disabled,
including signage, shall be according to the County's Zoning
Code.
Requirements for elevators are covered by Chapter 397, HRS.
Section 6402. Definitions. The following terms are
defined for specialized use within this Chapter.
1. Accessible Route. A continuous unobstructed exterior
-137-
or interior path connecting all accessible elements and spaces
in a building or facility. Interior accessible routes may
include corridors, floors, ramps, and clear floor space at
fixtures. Exterior accessible routes may include curb ramps,
walks, and ramps.
2. Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicular to the
direction of travel.
3. Principal Entrance. The principal entrance of a
building or facility is the main door through which most people
enter.
9. Running Slope. The slope that is parallel to the
direction of travel.
5. Signage. Symbolic, tactile, and pictorial information.
6. Tactile. Describes an object that can be perceived
using the sense to touch.
Section 6403. General. Buildings or portions of
buildings required by Section 3103 and Section 1219 to be
accessible for persons with disabilities shall be provided with
the following:
1. At least one accessible route within the boundary of
the site from public transportation stops, accessible parking,
and accessible passenger loading zones, and public streets or
sidewalks to the accessible building and facilities that are on
the same site.
2. At least one accessible route connecting accessible
buildings and facilities that are on the same site.
-138-
3. At least one accessible route connecting accessible
building or facility entrances with all accessible spaces and
elements and with all accessible dwelling units within the
building or facility.
The accessible route shall lead to the primary entrance of
the building. For sites where the natural terrain or other
unusual conditions creates an unusual hardship to provide for
access, alternate accessible routes and alternate entrances
other than the primary entrance may be used.
Section 6404. Accessible Route.
(a) General. All interior and exterior accessible routes
shall comply with the following requirements:
1. Width. The minimum clear width of an accessible
route shall be 36 inches except at doors. If a person in
a wheelchair must make a turn around an obstruction, the
minimum clear width of the accessible route shall be shown
in Fig. 1.
2. Passing Space. If an accessible route has less
than 60 inches clear width, then passing spaces at least
60 inches by 60 inches shall be located at reasonable
intervals not to exceed 200 feet. A T-intersection of two
corridors or walks is an acceptable passing place.
3. Headroom. Accessible routes and other
circulation spaces shall have 80 inches minimum clear
headroom. If vertical clearance of an area adjoining an
accessible route is reduced to less than 80 inches, a
guardrail or other barrier to warn blind or
visually-impaired persons shall be provided (see Fig. 2).
-139-
4. Ground and Floor Surfaces. Ground and floor
surfaces along accessible routes and in accessible rooms
and spaces including floors, walks, ramps, and curb ramps,
shall be stable and firm.
If gratings are located in walking surfaces, then
they shall have spaces no greater than 1/2 inch wide in
one direction. If gratings have elongated openings, then
they shall be placed so that the long dimension is
perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel.
5. Change in Level. Changes in level up to 1/4 inch
may be vertical and without edge treatment (see Fig. 1).
Changes in level between 1/4 inch and 1/2 inch shall be
beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2 (see Fig. 1). If
an accessible route has changes in level greater than
1/2 inch, then a curb ramp, ramp, elevator, or platform
lift shall be provided. Stairs shall not be part of an
accessible route.
6. Slope. An accessible route with a running slope
greater than 1:20 is a ramp. Nowhere shall the cross
slope of an accessible route exceed 1:50.
7. Doors and Doorways. Doorways shall have a
minimum clear opening of 32 inches with the door open
90 degrees, measured between the face of the door and the
stop. Cased openings less than 24 inches in depth shall
have a minimum clear opening of 32 inches.
-140-
EXCEPTION: Doors not requiring full user passage,
such as shallow closets, may have the clear opening
reduced to 20 inches minimum.
If doorways have two independently operated door
leaves, then at least one active leaf shall provide a
clear opening of 32 inches.
The minimum space between two hinged or pivoted doors
in series shall be 48 inches plus the width of any door
swinging into the space. Doors in series shall swing
either in the same direction or away from the space
between the doors. (see Fig. 3).
8. Thresholds. Thresholds at doorways shall not
exceed 3/4 inch in height for exterior sliding doors or
1/2 inch for other types of doors. Raised thresholds and
floor level changes at accessible doorways shall be
beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2.
9. Revolving Doors or Turnstiles. Revolving doors
or turnstiles shall not be the only means of passage at an
accessible entrance or along an accessible route. An
accessible gate or door shall be provided within twelve
feet of the turnstile or revolving door and shall be so
designed as to facilitate the same use pattern. Gates,
including ticket gates, shall meet all applicable
specifications of doors.
-141-
10. Maneuvering Clearances at Doors. Maneuvering
clearances at doors that are not automatic oz
power-assisted shall be as shown in Fig. 4. The floor or
ground area within the required clearances shall be level
and clear.
(b) Door Hardware.
1. General. Handles, pulls, latches, and other
operating devices on accessible doors to areas open to the
public shall have a shape that is easy to grasp with one
hand and does not require tight grasping, tight pinching,
or twisting of the wrist to operate. Lever-operated
mechanisms, push-type mechanisms, and U-shaped handles are
acceptable designs. When sliding doors are fully opened,
operating hardware shall be exposed and usable from both
sides. Hardware required for accessible door passage
shall be mounted not more than 42 inches above the
finished floor.
2. Door closers. If a door has a closer, then the
sweep period of the closer shall be adjusted so that from
an open position of 70 degrees, the door will take at
least 3 seconds to move to a point 3 inches from the
latch, measured to the leading edge of the door.
3. Door Opening Force. The maximum force for
pushing or pulling open a door other than a required fire
door shall be 8 pounds force for exterior hinged doors and
-142-
5 pounds force for interior hinged, sliding, and folding
doors. These forces do not apply to the force required to
retract latch bolts or disengage other devices that may
hold the door in a closed position.
4. Automatic Doors and Power-Assisted Doors. If an
automatic door is used, it shall comply with ANSI/BHMA
A156.10-1985. Power-assisted doors shall comply with
ANSI/BHMA A156.19-1984. Such doors shall not open to back
check faster than 3 seconds and shall require no more than
15 pounds force to stop door movement.
(c) Protruding Objects. Objects projecting from walls
(for example, telephones) with their leading edges between
27 inches and 80 inches above the finished floor shall protrude
no more than 4 inches into walks, halls, corridors,
passageways, or aisles (see Fig. 2). Objects mounted with
their leading edges at or below 27 inches above the finished
floor may protrude any amount (see Fig. 2). Protruding objects
shall not reduce the clear width of an accessible route or
maneuvering space.
Section 6405. Ramps.
(a) Slope, Rise, and Width. The maximum slope of a ramp
shall be 1:12. The maximum rise for any run shall be
30 inches. The minimum clear width shall be 36 inches. (See
Fig. 5).
-143-
(b) Landings. Ramps shall have level landings at the
bottom and top of each run. The landing shall be at least as
wide as the ramp and the landing length shall be not less than
60 inches. Where ramps change direction at intermediate
landings, the landing size shall be not less than 60 inches by
60 inches clear. Where a doorway is located at a landing, the
area in front of the doorway shall be provided with maneuvering
clearance as required by Section 6404.
(c) Edge Protection. Ramps and landings with drop-offs
shall have curbs, walls, railings, or projecting surfaces that
prevent people from slipping off the ramp. Curbs shall be not
less than 2 inches high (see Fig. 5).
(d) Handrails. For handrails, see Section 6907.
Section 6906. Curb Ramps.
(a) Location, slope, and width. Curb ramps shall be
provided wherever an accessible route crosses a curb. The
maximum slope shall be 1:12. Transition from ramps to walks,
gutters, or streets shall be flush and free of abrupt changes.
Maximum slopes of adjoining gutters, road surface immediately
adjacent to the curb ramp, or accessible route shall not exceed
1:20 (see Fig. 6). The minimum width shall be 36 inches.
(b) Sides of Curb Ramp. When a curb ramp is located
where pedestrians must walk across the ramp, or where it is not
protected by handrail or guardrails, it shall have flared
sides; the maximum slope of the flare shall be 1:10 (see
-144-
Fig. 6). Curb ramps with returned curbs may be used where
pedestrians would not normally walk across the ramp (see
Fig. 6).
(c) Built-up Curb Ramps. Built-up curb ramps shall be
located so that they do not project into vehicle traffic lanes
(see Fig. 6).
(d) Location at Marked Crossings. where marked crossings
are part of an accessible route curb ramps, excluding flare,
located near these crossings shall be wholly contained within
the markings. A marked crossing is a crosswalk or other
identified path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a
vehicular way.
(e) Diagonal curb Ramps. If diagonal (or corner type)
curb ramps have returned curbs or other well-defined edges,
such edges shall be parallel to the direction of pedestrian
flow. The bottom of diagonal curb ramps shall have 48 inches
minimum clear space as shown in Fig. 7. If diagonal curb ramps
are provided at marked crossings, the 48 inches clear space
shall be within the markings (see Fig. 7). If diagonal curb
ramps have flared sides, they shall also have at least a
24 inches long segment of straight curb located on each side of
the curb ramp and within the marked crossing (see Fig. 7).
(f) Islands. Any raised islands in crossings shall be
cut through level with the street or have curb ramps at both
sides and a level area at least 98 inches long in the part of
the island intersected by the crossings (see Fig. 7).
(g) Handrails. Handrails are not required on curb ramps.
Section 6407. Handrails.
-145-
(a) General. Size and strength of handrails shall comply
with Table 23-B. Top of gripping surface shall be mounted
between 34-38 inches above ramp surfaces or nosing of stairway
treads. Ends of handrails shall be returned smoothly to floor,
wall, or post. Handrails shall not rotate within their
fittings. The inside handrail on switchback or dogleg ramps
and stairways shall be continuous.
(b) Handrails for Ramps. Where a ramp run has a rise
greater than 6 inches or run greater than 72 inches, it shall
have handrails on both sides. If handrails are not continuous,
they shall extend at least 12 inches beyond the top and bottom
of the ramp segment and shall be parallel with the floor or
ground surface. Gripping surfaces shall be continuous.
(c) Handrail for Stairways. Handrails shall be provided
at both sides of stairways used by the general public and
connecting levels that are not serviced by an elevator. If
handrails are not continuous, they shall extend at least
12 inches beyond the top riser and at least 12 inches plus the
width of one tread beyond the bottom riser. At the top, the
extension shall be parallel with the floor or ground surface.
At the bottom, the handrail shall continue to slope for a
distance of the width of one tread from the bottom riser; the
remainder of the extension shall be horizontal (see Fig. 8).
-146-
Section 6408. Water Fountains. Where water fountains are
provided on any floor where access is required, at least one on
that floor shall have a spout within 36 inches of the floor.
The spout shall be at the front of the unit and shall direct
water flow in a trajectory that is parallel or nearly parallel
to the front of the unit. The spout shall provide a flow of
water at least 4 inches high so as to allow the insertion of a
cup under the flow of water. Controls shall comply with
Section 6414 and shall be front mounted or side mounted near
the front edge.
Wall- and post-mounted cantilevered units shall have a
clear knee space between the bottom of the apron and the floor
or ground at least 27 inches high, 30 inches wide, and
17 inches to 19 inches deep (see Fig 9). Such units shall also
have a minimum clear floor space 30 inches by 48 inches to
allow a person in a wheelchair to approach the unit facing
forward.
Free-standing or built-in units not having a clear space
under them shall have a clear floor space at least 30 inches by
48 inches that allows a person in a wheelchair to make a
parallel approach to the unit.
Section 6409. Toilet facilities. Where toilet facilities
for the general public are provided on any floor where access
is required, such facilities shall be available to all
occupants. Each such toilet room shall comply with
-147-
requirements of this section. Toilet facilities for accessible
guest rooms and dwelling units shall also comply with the
following:
1. Accessible toilet facilities shall be on an accessible
route.
2. Doors to toilet facilities and toilet stall doors
shall comply with section 6909.
If toilet stall approach is from the latch side of the
stall door, clearance between the door side of the stall and
any obstruction may be reduced to a minimum of 42 inches.
Doors to accessible toilet rooms shall not swing into the
clear floor space required for any fixture.
3. Clear floor space for water closets not in stalls
shall comply with Fig. 10. Clear floor space may be arranged
to allow either a left handed or right handed approach.
Except in dwelling units, a clear turning space within the
toilet room of sufficient size to inscribe a circle with a
diameter not less than 60 inches shall be provided. The clear
floor spaces at fixtures and controls, the accessible route,
and the turning space may overlap.
9. The size and arrangement of at least one toilet stall
shall comply with Fig. 12. Toilet stalls with a minimum depth
of 56 inches shall have wall-mounted water closets. If the
depth of toilet stalls is increased at least 3 inches, then a
floor mounted water closet may be used
Arrangements shown for
-148-
stalls may be reversed to allow either a left-or right-hand
approach.
5. The height of at least one water closet shall be
17 inches to 19 inches measured to the top of the toilet seat.
Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted position.
6. Grab bars complying with Fig. 11 and section 6413
shall be provided for water closets not located in stalls.
Grab bars need not be provided for dwelling units.
Grab bars complying with Section 6413 and the length and
positioning shown in Fig. 12 shall be provided for accessible
water closets located in stalls. Grab bars may be mounted with
any desired method as long as they have a gripping surface at
the locations shown and do not obstruct the required clear
floor area.
7. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic and
shall comply with Section 6413 (3). Controls for flush valves
shall be mounted on the wide side of the toilet no more than
49 inches above the floor.
8. Toilet paper dispensers shall be installed within
reach, as shown in Fig. 11. Dispensers that control delivery,
or that do not permit continuous paper flow, shall not be used.
9. If urinals are provided at least one shall be
stall-type or wall-hung with an elongated rim at a maximum of
17 inches above the floor.
-149-
A clear floor space 30 inches by 48 inches shall be
provided in front of the urinal to allow forward approach.
Urinal shields that do not extend beyond the front edge of the
urinal rim may be provided with a 29-inch clearance between
them.
Section 6410. Lavatories and Mirrors. In other than
dwelling units, lavatories and mirrors shall be as follows:
1. Lavatories shall be mounted with the rim or counter
surface no higher than 39 inches above the finish floor. A
clearance of at least 27 inches from the floor to the bottom of
the bowl shall be provided. Knee and toe clearance shall
comply with Fig. 13.
2. A clear floor space 30 inches by 48 inches shall be
provided in front of a lavatory to allow forward approach.
Such clear floor space shall adjoin or overlap an accessible
route and shall extend a maximum of 19 inches underneath the
lavatory (see Fig. 13).
3. Hot water and drain pipes under lavatories shall be
insulted or otherwise covered. There shall be no sharp or
abrasive surfaces under lavatories.
4. Faucets shall comply with Section 6414(3).
Lever-operated, push-type, and electronically controlled
mechanisms may be used. Self-closing valves may be used
provided the faucet remains open for at least 10 seconds.
-150-
5. Where mirrors are provided, at least one shall be
mounted with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface no
higher than 90 inches from the floor.
Section 6411. Bathtubs. In other than dwelling units
where bathtubs are provided, at least one bathtub in every
facility required to be accessible shall be as follows:
1. Clear floor space in front of bathtubs shall be as
shown in Fig. 14.
2. An in-tub seat or a seat at the head end of the tub
shall be provided as shown in Fig. 14 and 15. The structural
strength of seats and their attachments shall comply with
Section 6413(c). Seats shall be securely mounted and shall not
slip during use.
3. Grab bars complying with Section 6413 shall be
provided as shown in Fig. 14 and 15.
4. Faucets and other controls complying with
Sections 6414, 2 and 3 shall be located as shown in Fig. 15.
5. A shower spray unit with a hose at least 60 inches
long that can be used as a fixed showerhead or as a hand-held
shower shall be provided.
6. where provided, enclosures for bathtubs shall not
obstruct controls or transfers from wheelchairs onto bathtub
seats or into tubs. Enclosures on bathtubs shall not have
tracks mounted on their rims.
Accessible shower stalls may be substituted for accessible
bathtubs.
-151-
Section 6412. Shower Stalls. in other than dwelling
units where shower stalls are provided, at least one shower
stall in every facility required to be accessible shall be as
follows:
1. Shower stall size and clear floor space shall comply
with Fig. 16(a) or (b). The shower stall in Fig. 16(b) will
fit into the space required for a bathtub.
2. A seat shall be provided in shower stalls 36 inches by
36 inches and shall be shown in Fig. 17. The seat shall be
mounted 17 inches to 19 inches from the bathroom floor and
shall extend the full depth of the stall. The seat shall be on
the wall opposite the controls. The structural strength of
seats and their attachments shall comply with Section 6413(c).
3. Grab bars complying with Section 6413 shall be
provided as shown in Fig. 18.
4. Faucets and other controls complying with Section
6414(3) shall be located as shown in Fig. 18. In shower stalls
36 inches by 36 inches, all controls, faucets and the shower
unit shall be mounted on the side wall opposite the seat.
5. A shower spray unit with a hose at least 60 inches
long that can be used as a fixed shower head or as a hand-held
shower shall be provided.
-152-
EXCEPTION: In unmonitored facilities where vandalism is a
consideration, a fixed shower head mounted at 48 inches above
the shower floor may be used in lieu of a hand-held head.
6. If provided, curbs in shower stalls 36 inches by
36 inches shall be no higher than 1/2 inch. Shower stalls that
are 30 inches by 60 inches shall not have curbs.
7•. Where provided, enclosures for shower stalls shall not
obstruct controls or obstruct transfer from wheelchairs onto
shower seats.
Accessible bathtubs may be substituted for accessible
shower stalls.
Section 6413. Handrails, Grab Bars, Tubs and Shower Seats.
(a) General. All handrails, grab bars, and tub and
shower seats required to be accessible shall comply with this
section.
(b) Size and Spacing of Grab Bars and Handrails. The
diameter or width of the gripping surfaces of a handrail or
grab bar shall be 1 1/4 inches to 1 1/2 inches or the shape
shall provide an equivalent gripping surface. If handrails or
grab bars are mounted adjacent to a wall, the space between the
wall and the grab bar shall be 1 1/2 inches. Handrails may be
located in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 inches deep
and extends at least 18 inches above the top of the rail (see
Fig. 19).
-153-
(c) Structural Strength. Grab bars, tub and shower
seats, fasteners, and mounting devices shall be designed to
support a concentrated load of 250 pounds.
(d) Eliminating Hazards. A handrail or grab bar and any
wall or other surfaces adjacent to it shall be free of any
sharp or abrasive elements. Edges shall have a minimum radius
of 1/8 inch.
Section 6414. Controls and Operating Mechanisms.
Accessible controls and operating mechanisms complying with
this section shall be provided as follows:
1. Clear floor space at least 30 inches by 98 inches that
allows a forward or parallel approach by a person using a
wheelchair shall be provided at controls, dispensers,
receptacles, and other operable equipment.
2. The highest operable part of all controls, dispensers
and receptables, shall be placed between 48 and 15 inches above
the floor. Except where the use of special equipment dictates
otherwise, electrical and communications system receptables on
walls in public areas shall be mounted no less than 15 inches
above the floor.
3. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be operable
with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching,
or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate
controls shall be no greater than 5 pounds force.
-159-
Section 6415. signage
follows:
Accessible signage shall be as
1. Accessible facilities shall use the international
symbol of accessibility. The symbol shall not be used when a
building or facility is not accessible. The symbol shall be
displayed as shown in Fig. 20(a) and (b) at principal entrances
and at entrances to accessible toilet rooms.
2. Characters and symbols shall contrast with their
background -- either light characters on a dark background or
dark characters on a light background.
3. Tactile signage shall be provided for hotel rooms and
public toilets. Letters and numbers on signs shall be raised
or indented at least 1/32 inch, shall be not less than 5/8 inch
high nor more than 2 inches high and shall be sans serif
characters.
9. Interior signage shall be located alongside the door
on the latch side and shall be mounted at a height of between
54 inches and 66 inches above the finished floor.
Section 6416. Telephones. Where public telephones are
provided on any floor, at least one on that floor shall comply
with this section. Where public telephones are provided in
2 or more banks of multiple telephones, at least one telephone
in each bank shall comply with this section.
1. A clear floor or ground space at least 30 inches by
48 inches that allows either a forward or parallel approach by
-155-
a person using a wheelchair shall be provided at telephones
(see Fig. 21). Bases, enclosures, and fixed seats shall not
impede approaches to telephones by people who use wheelchairs.
2. The highest operable part of the telephone shall be
within the reach ranges specified in Fig. 22.
3. Telephones shall not protrude into an accessible
route. See Sction 6404(cj.
4. Telephones shall be equipped with a receiver that
generates a magnetic field in the area of the receiver cap.
Volume controls shall be provided.
5. Telephones shall have pushbutton controls where
service for such equipment is available.
6. Telephone books, if provided, shall be located in a
position within the reach ranges.
7. The cord from the telephone to the handset shall be at
least 29 inches long.
Section 6417. Assembly areas. Places of assembly with
fixed seats shall comply with the following requirements.
1. The number of required wheelchair locations shall be
in accordance with the following table:
Capacity of Seating
and Assembly Areas
Number of Required
Wheelchair Locations
50 to 75
76 to 100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to 500
501 to 1,000
Over 1,000
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
*
**
* 2 percent of total.
** 20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1,000.
-156-
2. Each wheelchair location shall provide minimum clear
level spaces 32 inches wide by 48 inches deep.
3. Wheelchair areas shall be an integral part of any
fixed seating plan and shall be dispersed throughout the
seating area. They shall adjoin an accessible route that
also serves as a means of egress in case of emergency and
shall be located to provide lines of sight comparable to
those for all viewing area.
EXCEPTION: Accessible viewing positions may be
clustered for bleachers, balconies, and other areas having
sight lines with slopes greater than 1:12. Equivalent
accessible viewing positions may be located on levels having
accessible egress.
4. An accessible route shall connect wheelchair seating
locations with performing areas, including stages, arena
floors, dressing rooms, locker rooms, and other spaces used
by performers.
Section 6418. Checkout Counters in Stores and
Supermarkets with Checkout Aisles. At least one checkout
counter not more than 36 inches in height, including
protective rails on the counter, shall be provided on every
floor level. The minimum clear unobstructed aisle width at
such counters shall be 36 inches.
-157-
~~ ~ a
NOTE Dimensions shown apply when x < 481n (1220 mm).
(a) Tums around an Obstructlon
90'Tum
FIg. 1
Width of Access(ble Route
(~U
Changes In level
(~
Changes In level
(a) .
Walking Parallel W a Wail
protect shaded
aria /iom
u~ossdraJJfe -1
qe (~ Overhead Hazards
(b)
Walking Perpendieuiar W a Wall
Fig. 2
"'` ~ Protruding Objects
NI:~. _
I 1 O
L-T UD '.
r---
~ ~i
~`
i ~~
L-__
Fig. 3
Two Hinged Doors In Series
~~
----~
clear
floor
:space ~:
1
dal
Front Approach - 311ding Doors
and FoWktg Doors
E
N
54 min
clear
Na floor /~
space (VJ
~~~
3tide 31de ro)
Approach - Sliding Doors
and Folding Doors
X
....................
clear
floor
space
latch Side (c)
Approach - Sliding Doors and Folding Doors
IYO'TE Ail doors in alcoves shall comply with the clearances forfront approaches
Fig. 4
ManeweringClearancesatDoors (continued)
Pull Side }~ Push Side
_n clear
c V .................
E floor
~ space: E clear floor space
l8 mfn. 24 pr%mrd °D
~~
NOTE x = 12 in (305 mm) U door has troth a
dose and latch.
(d)
Front Approaches - Swinging Doors
Pull Side
Push Side
................................ 54m1n
e clear
~~ ~X E floor
\Yi~ ~ ~ space
~ ~
NOTE x s 36 In (915 mm) minimum U y = 60 In I
(1525 mm); x = 42 In (1065 mm) minimum ff y = \
54 In (1370 mm).
NOTE y = 46 In (1220 mm) minimum Ir door has
troth a kith and close
(e)
Hinge Side Approaches -Swinging Doors
X
Pull Side
.....................: P
:.clear looms ace
E
Y to
~~~ . a
NOTE y = 54 m (1370 mm) minmum V door has
~~
X PusA Sidc
24min
clear ~
~; I floor E
space ; Y~ ,
NOTE y = 48 In (1220 mm) mWmum if door has
dose.
(f)
Latch Side Approachn -Swinging Doors
NOTE All doors in alcoves shall comply with the clearances for from approaches
Fig. 4
Maneuvering Clearances at Doors
alwatlon
wall ~
nlling with aatsndad
aaction
d)
m „c ,
~ I~-~{I
d
m
platform f7g. 5
Examples of Edge Protection and Handrail Extensions
X
AQ(olning slope shall Y
not exceedl:20 slope. v:x
where Xis a level plane
walk street
(a)
Measurement of Curb Ramp Slopes
(b)
Built-Up Curb Ramp
Mher
etutsce
I/X Ls less than 48 ltt.
then the slope o/the /la.ed s/de
shall not eaacecd 1:12 Flg. 6
Sides of Curb Ramps
(C)
Elated Sales
(d)
Returned Cwb
(8~
well
(CJ
(b)
(d)
Fig. 7
Curb Ramps at Marked Crossings
G
~I
8
N
.-~
(a) (b)
Plan Plan
3
0
v .
a
H
O
n
N
r1orF
X la the 12 ~n m#n.~mum handna~.K ex#en~#on
xequnted a# each #op ndaen.
y ~h the m#n~mum handna#2 ex#evus#on o6 12 #n
p.f'u.~ the w.~d#h ob one #~cead #ha# <a xequ-ihed
a# each 6o##om rt#hert.
A #h the wed#h ob one #~cead.
Flg. 8
Stair Handrails
(~)
F~ctenafon at Bottom of Run
(~
F~ctenafon at Top of Run
17-19
min
II
II
:~
24 max
(b)
Gear Floor Space
clear
floor
-space a
(c)
Free•Standing
Fountain or Cooly
................
clear
floor
~ space
E
(d)
Built-In
Fountain or Cooly
not in excced
/ountain depth
0
Fig. 9
Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers
equipment perm/lted In shaded area
(a)
Spout Height and
Knee Clearance
F7g, 11 SldebWall
Grab Bars at Water Closets
(Bathroom)
PosslWe
~oallfocauons _-__--
Flg. i o
Clear Floor Space at Water Closets
(a)
Back Wall
allerna le
' - door location
_._____
N c
E ~
rD
~ - ~
Q ~ 12 max I co
42 min retch 59 .
approach only,
other approaches (a)
~ min Standard Stall
Rear Well ot(Standerd Stall
3~
Fig. 12
Toilet Stalls
~~-alurnale
Side Walls
(a•1)
StandaM Stall (end o(roln)
Lavatory Clearances
17-19 ~
..............1.......
elaar
~ floor
~„~ ~werr II,o
Fig. 13
Clear Floor apace at Lavatories
I
CIMf 1
floor : ~ ~,~;
space' ~ -
; ~ clear
,,,,,,,
•......•..• ~
~m1 Boor
spate
-~ I •.....
...........~_ ~ .,
SYMBOL KEY:
• Shown controls
d Shower head (e)
~ Dram With Seet in Tub
Flg, 14
Clear Floor Space at Bathtubs
control
area
-~ I I ~
i clear
1 a
Iav: Iloor
............... space ;
(b)
With Seet at Head of Tub
at
loot
back
head
(a)
With Seat in Tub
control
area
loot back
(b)
With Seat at Head of Tub
Flg. 15
Grab Bars at Bathtubs
(a) (b)
36•In by 36•In 30•In by 60•ln
(915•mm by 915•mm) Stab (760-mm by 1525•mm) Stall
FTg. 16
Shown 3hx and tleatancea
.:,
1.34 mu
' 16 ma=
fig, 17
Shown Seat Design
(a)
36•in try 36-1n (915•mm by 915•mm) Stall
Daek
control wall
30•in by 60•In (760•mbm by 1525•mm) Stall
F7g. 18
Grab Bars at Shower Stalls
control
area
Z
M F
l7 M
seat wall
Flg. 19
Size and Spac(ng of Handrails and Grab Bars
(d1
Handrail
(+[)
Handre[f
(b)
HandraU
(~
Grab Bar
fC~
HandreU
(a)
Proportlons
(b)
Display Condltlons
F79, 20
Intematlonal Symbol of Accessibility
V
...............................................
s
E ~ ; i
~ '
a '
66 min
4
(a)
Forward or Rear Access
........................................
i
;~;;:
.. ; ..
a
6 min
(b)
Side Aceeas
1=1g. a i
Space Requirement for Wheelchair
Seatlng Spaces In Series
u>Idth
•
E
tD
i a ~
~``
t\ C t y
N E clear : [y.
~ floor _ o
~ ~~ OptlOna~ i space ` ^'
~ I Post and _-•-• ••••-a
..t__ base '
4s min
Elevation ~a) Plsn
S(de Reach Possible
' I s~ Plans
-1!
Elevation
'He(ght to highest operable
parts toh(ch sre essential to
bas(c operation of telephone.
~' ~ - 1~ -
NIJI clear L1I
floor p d,
space N N
~ ~
V V
30 min
Bens
(b)
Forward Reach Required
clear
floor
space
u_
N5
N ~'
E
6 m(n
Fig. 22
Mounting Heights and Clearances for Telephones
SECTION 3. Severability. If any provision of this
ordinance or the application thereof to any person or
circumstances is held invalid, such invalidity shall not
affect other provisions or applications of the ordinance
which can be given effect without the invalid provision or
application, and to this end, the provisions of this
ordinance are declared to be severable.
SECTION 4. This ordinance shall take effect 60 days
after its approval.
INTRODUCED BY:
\Y
COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWA I
Hilo, Hawaii
Date of Introduction
Date of Adoption:
Effective Date:
August 11, 1993
August 25, 1993
November 8, 1993
-158-