HomeMy WebLinkAboutORD 1994-123 1992-1994
COUNTY OF HAWAII STATE OF HAWAII
BILL NO. zs a
ORDINANCE NO. 9 ~ 123
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING CHAPTER 5, HAWAII COUNTY CODE 1983,
RELATING TO BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS.
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII:
SECTION 1. Section 5-126, Hawaii County Code 1983 is
repealed. `
SECTION 2. Chapter 5, Hawaii County Code 1983, and Chapter
53, Uniform Building Code, 1991 Edition, is amended by adding a
new Article, to be appropriately numbered by the revisor of
ordinances and to read as follows:
"Article BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY STANDARDS
Division 1. Purpose
Sec. .1.1 Purpoeoe.
The purposes of this Code are to:
(a) Set minimum requirements for the energy-efficient
design of new buildings so that they may be
constructed, operated, and maintained in a manner that
minimizes the use of energy without constraining the
building function or the comfort or productivity of the
occupants; and
(b) Provide criteria for energy-efficient design and
provide methods for determining compliance with these
criteria.
Sec. .1.2 Conflict with other laws.
where this Code is found to conflict with health, safety or
environmental codes, including the building code, the health,
safety and environmental codes shall prevail.
Division 2. Scope
Sec. _.2.1 Applicability of code.
This Code sets forth design requirements for the efficient
use of energy in new buildings and new construction in existing
buildings as further defined in this Code. This Code applies to
buildings or portions of buildings that provide facilities or
shelter for human occupancy. The requirements apply to building
envelope; distribution of energy; and systems and equipment for
ventilating, air-conditioning, service water heating, lighting,
and energy managing. '
Sec. _.2.2 When code not applicable.
This Code does not apply to:
(a) Areas of buildings intended primarily for manufacturing
or for commercial or industrial processing;
(b) Buildings or separately-enclosed identifiable areas
having any combination of dedicated space heating,
service water heating, ventilating, air-conditioning
and lighting systems whose combined peak design rate of
non-renewable energy usage for these purposes is less
than 1.0 watt/ft' or 3.413 Btu/h-f t' of gross floor
area. Site generated wind, hydro or solar electric
power are exempt; and
(c) Buildings of fewer than 100 ft' of gross floor area.
Sec. _.2.3 Other ezemptioaa, rseideatial R-3 occupaacy.
Buildings classed as R-3 occupancy by the Uniform Building
Code which are one or two family dwellings or congregate
residences (10 persons or less) shall be exempt from all
Divisions contained in this code except that such buildings shall
conform to the requirements contained in Division 11 relating to
service water heating systems and equipment. However, R-3
occupancy buildings equipped with central air conditioning
systems shall be subject to this Code.
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Sac. _.2.4 Historic buildings.
A historic building on either the state or national register
of historic places may be exempt from portions of the Code if the
department of land and natural resources, historic preservation
division determines that the historic nature of the building will
be harmed through application of reasonable compliance measures.
Division 3. Dafiaitioas, 1lbbraviatioaa,
]lcroayma sad Symbols
Sec. .3.1 Dafiaitioaa.
Unless otherwise expressly stated, whenever used in this
Code, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
acceasibl• (as applied to equipment): admitting close
approach; not guarded by locked doors, elevation, or other
effective means. (See also readily accessible.)
adjusted lighting poser: lighting power, ascribed to a
luminaire(s), that has been reduced by deducting a lighting power
control credit based on use of an automatic control device(s).
air conditioning, comfort: treating air to control its
temperature, relative humidity, cleanliness, and distribution. to
meet the comfort requirements of the occupants of the conditioned
space. Some air conditioners may not accomplish all of these
controls.
ambient lighting: lighting that produces general
i;luminatiori throughout an area.
area factor, AF: a multiplying factor which adjusts the
base unit power density (UPD) for spaces of various sizes to
sccount for the impact of room configuration or. lighting power
.:tilization.
automatic: self-actinc, operating by its ow.^. ::,echan.s- ~„
he::
actuated by some impersonal influence, such as a chance _..
_..rrent strength, pressure, temperature or mechanical
-_-.figuration. (See alsc manual.)
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ballast efficacy factor - fluorescent: the ratio of the
ballast factor expressed as a percent to the power input in
watts, at specified test conditions.
ballast factor: the ratio of a commercial ballast lamp
Lumens to a reference ballast lamp lumens, used to correct the
lamp lumen output from rated to actual.
ballast losses: the power (watts) consumed internally by
the ballast components.
ballast: a device used with an electric-discharge lamp to
obtain the necessary circuit conditions (voltage, current, and
wave form) for starting and operating.
base unit power daasity, (Pb): the maximum allowed power
density, in W/ft', for the listed areas/activities of an ideal
space prior to area factor adjustment.
_ boiler capacity: the rated heat output in Btu/h of the
boiler, at the design inlet and outlet conditions and rated
fuel/energy input.
British thermal unit, Btu: approximately the amount of heat
required to raise the temperature of one pound of water from 59°F
to 60°F.
building energy cost: the computed annual energy cost of
all purchased energy for the building, calculated using the
methods of Article 13 of this Code.
building envelope: the elements of a building that enclose
conditioned spaces or spaces intended primarily for human
occupancy, through which thermal energy may be transferred to or
from the exterior or to or from unconditioned spaces.
building type: the classification of a building by usage,
as follows:
(a) assembly: a building or structure for the gathering
together of persons, such as auditoriums, churches, dance halls,
gymnasiums, theaters, museums, passenger depots, sports
facilities and public assembly halls.
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(b) coaQseQate residence: any building which contains
facilities for living, sleeping and sanitation for occupancy by
other than a family, such as convents, monasteries, dormitories,
and fraternity and sorority houses.
(c) health sad institutional: a building or structure for
the purpose of providing medical treatment, confinement or care,
and sleeping facilities such as hospitals, sanitariums, clinics,
orphanages, nursing homes, mental institutions, reformatories,
jails, and prisons.
(d) hotel/motel: a building or structure for transient
occupancy, such as resorts, hotels, motels, barracks,
dormitories.
(a) multi-family: a building or structure containing three
or more dwelling units. See dwelling units.
(f) office (business): a building or structure for office,
professional, or service type transactions, such as medical
offices, banks, libraries and governmental office buildings.
(g) rastauzaat: a building or a structure for the
consumption of food or drink, including fast food, coffee shops,
cafeterias, bars, and restaurants.
(h) retail (mercaat.il,e) a building or structure for the
display and sale (wholesale or retail) of merchandise, such as
shopping malls, food markets, auto dealerships, department
stores, and speciality shops. (See also retail establishments.)
(i) achool,(educational) a building or structure for the
Purpose cf instruction, such as schools, colleges, universities
and academies.
(j) warehouse (storage): a building or structure for
stcraae, such as aircraft hangers, garages, warehouses, stcrage
buildings and freight depots.
(k) light manufacturing: a facility where products are
assembled with minimal use of process energy and where
condit_onirg for Kumar. comfcrt is Provided throuchout the
.a,ority of the facility.
central air coaditioning system: an air conditioning system
other than window-mounted, portable or other non-permanent air
ccnditicner.
check-metering: measurement instrumentation for the
supplementary monitoring of energy consumption (electric, gas,
oil, etc.) to isolate the various categories or energy use to
permit conservation and control, in addition to the revenue
metering furnished by the utility.
code: the building energy efficiency standards of the
county.
cosfficieat of performaaca (COP) -- cooling: the ratio of
the rate of heat removal to the rate of energy input in
consistent units, for a complete cooling system or factory
assembled equipment, as tested under a nationally recognized
standard or designated operating conditions.
coeificieat of performaac• (COP), heat pump -- heating: the
ratio of the rate of heat delivered to the rate of energy input,,
in consistent units, for a complete heat pump system under
designated operating conditions.
coe!licieat o! utilizatioa (CU): the ratio. of the luminous
flux (lumens) froca a luminaire calculated as received on the work
plane to the 1un~ina::us flux emitted by the luminaire's lamps
alone.
combined thermal traaamittaac• values (U,): see thermal
transmittance, overall.
coaditioaed floor area: the area of the conditioned space
measured at floor level from the interior surfaces of the walls.
coaditioaed perimeter: the building perimeter at each floor
or building level that is conditioned or capable of being
conditioned.
coaditioaed space: a space within the building which, by
introduction of conditioned air, by cooled surfaces, or by air or
heat transfer from directly conditioned spaces, is maintained at
temperatures less than or equal to 5°F below design conditions at
summer outside design conditions.
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coaaacted liQhtiaQ povnr (CLP): the power required to
energize luminaires and lamps connected to the building
electrical service, in watts.
coatrol loop, local: a control system consisting of a
sensor, a controller, and a controlled device.
cooled apace: an enclosed space within a building which is
cooled by a cooling system whose sensible capacity:
(a) exceeds 5 etu/h-f t2, or
(b) is capable of maintaining space dry bulb temperature of
5•F below design conditions or less at design cooling
conditions.
daylight aeasiag coatrol (DS): a device that automatically
regulates the power input to electric lighting near the
fenestration to maintain the desired workplace illumination, thus
taking advantage of direct or indirect sunlight.
daylightad periat~tar: the building perimeter at each floor
or building level at windows or within three feet of windows.
daylightad apace: the space bounded by vertical planes
rising from the bourr?aries of the daylightad area on the floor tc
the floor cr roof above.
daylightad zone
(a) at vertical glazing: the area adjacent to vertical
glazing which receives daylighting from the glazing.
Ufiless more detailed daylighting analysis is provided
for purposes of this definition, the daylighting zone
depth is assumed to extend into the space a distance of
'.5 feet or to the nearest opaque partition, whichever
is less. ': he daylighting zone width is assumed to be
the width of the window plus either three feet on each
side, or the dis=ante to an opaque partiticn, cr one-
half *_he distance tc an adjacent skylight .._ ver_ical
glazing, whichever is least.
(b) wader skylights: the area under eacr. skylic^t whose
horizo.^.t a'- ..imens c.. in each .._recticn is ecual the
skylight dimensicr. in that directior. plus either the
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floor to ceiling height or the dimension to an opaque
partition, or one-half the distance to an adjacent
skylight or vertical glazing, whichever is least.
dead band (dead zone!: the range of values within which an
input variable can be varied without initiating any noticeable
change .n the output variable.
default assumption: the value of an input used in a
calculation procedure when a value is not entered by the
designer.
degree day, cooling: a unit, based upon temperature
difference and time, used in estimating cooling energ}~
consumption. For any one day, when the mean temperature is more
than a reference temperature, typically 65°F, there are as many
degree days as degrees Fahrenheit temperature difference between
the mean temperature for the day and the reference temperature.
Annual cooling degree days (CDD) are the sum of the degree days
over a calendar year.
degree day, heating: a unit, based upon temperature
difference and time, used in estimating heating energy
consumption. Fo.r any one day, when the mean temperature is 12x9
than a reference temperature, typically 65°, there are as mane;
degree days as degrees Fahrenheit temperature difference between
the mean temperature for the day and the reference temperature.
Annual heating degree days (HDD) are the sum of the degree days
over a calendar year.
demand (electric): the rate at which electric energy is
del-ivered to or by a system, part of a system, or a piece of
equipment; expressed in kilowatts, kilovoltamperes, or other
suitable units at a given instant or averaged over any designated
period.
design conditions: the exterior and interior environmental
parameters specified for air conditioning and electrical design
for a facility.
design energy consumption (DECON): the computed annual
energy consumption of a proposed building design.
design energy costa (DECOSI: the computed annual energy
cost of a proposed building design.
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dirsctly conditioaed space: a apace within the building
that is deliberately cooled, dehumidified, or humidified by the
introduction of conditioned air or by cooled surfaces so as to
maintain conditions for an acceptable thermal environment within
the space as set forth in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-1981.
dwslliag wait: a single housekeeping unit comprised of one
or more rooms providing complete, independent living facilities
for one or more persons including permanent provisions for
living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation.
east: surfaces that face within 45° from true east.
efficisacy, BVAC ayatem: the ratio of the useful energy _
output lat the point of uae) to the energy input in consistent
units for a designated time period, expressed in percent.
emergaacy ayatem (back up system): a system that exists for
the purpose of operating in the event of failure of a primary
system.
aacloaed apace: -a space within a building which is
completely separated from the outside or from other spaces within
the building by roofs, ceilings, floors, walls, doors and/or
windows. A space not meeting these criteria is considered
unenclosed space. A space with windows or doors normally open
during occupied periods is considered unenclosed.
energy coat budget (ECBJ: the maximum allowable computed
annual energy cost for a proposed building.
energy coat: the annual cost of energy by unit and type of
energy.
energy efficiency ratio, (EER): the ratio of net equipment
cccling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in
watts under designated operating conditions. when consistent
units are used, this ratio becomes equal to COP. (See else
coe`_ficient cf performance.)
energy management system: a control system designed t.,
,..__.,._ the environment and the use of energy in a faci__ty^and
-., ad_~st t^e parameters of local centrol lOODS tc conserve
°e^erQ;' ~d :__°- mnlnta~n:nC a SG1taDie env_ronme rt.
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aaergy, recovered: see recovered energy.
energy: the capability for doing work; having several forms
chat may be transformed from one co another, such as thermal
(heat), mechanical (work), electrical, and chemical.
enthalpy: a thermodynamic property of a substance defined
as the sum of its internal energy plus the quantity Pv/J, where
P pressure of the substance, v its volume, and J = the
mechanical equivalent of heat; formerly called total heat and
heat content.
exterior envelope: see building envelope.
exterior lighting power allowaac• (ELPA): the calculated
maximum lighting power allowance for exterior area of a building
or facility, in watts.
feaeetrstioa: the term used for any light-transmitting
section in a building wall or roof. The fenestration includes
glazing material, which may be glass or plastic; framing,
mullions, muntins, and dividers; external shading devices;
internal shading devices, and integral (between-glass) shading
systems. _
feaestration area: the total area of fenestration measured
using the rough opening and including the glass or plastic sash
and frame.
floodlighting: a lighting system designated to light a
broad area.
footcaadle, fe: the unit of illuminance when the foot is
taken as the unit of length. It is the illuminance on a surface
one square foot in area on which there is a uniformly distributed
flux of one lumen, or the illuminance produced on a surface all
points of which are at a distance of one foot from a
directionally uniform point source of one candela.
free area for veatilatioa: the total area through which
air can pass in vents or operable windows. Typical values (as
percent of glass area) are 1001 for hinged windows and 50~ for
slider windows.
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gaaaral lighting: lighting designed to provide illumination
throughout an area, exclusive of any provision for special local
requirements.
grow axtarior vnll area: The gross area of exterior walls
as measured on the exterior and consisting of the opaque wall
including between floor spandrels, peripheral edges of flooring
and window areas including sash and door areas but .excluding
vents, grilles, and pipes.
grow floor area: the sum of the floor areas of spaces
within the building including basements, mezzanine and
intermediate-floored tiers, and penthouses of headroom height 7.5
ft or greater. It is measured from the exterior faces of _
exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating
buildings (excluding covered walkways, open roofed-over areas,
porches and similar spaces, pipe trenches, exterior terraces or
steps, chimneys, roof overhangs, and similar features).
groa^ lighted area (GLA): the sum of the total lighted
areas of a building measured from the inside of the perimeter
walls, for each floor-of the building.
groeB roof area: the gross area of a roof assembly measured
from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the center line
of walls separating buildings. The roof assembly shall be
considered to include all roof/ceiling components through which
heat may flow between indoor and outdoor environments, including
skylights but excluding service openings.
habitable apace (room): is space in a structure for living,
sleeping, eating or cooking. Bathrooms, toilet compartments,
c~osets, halls, storage or utility space, and similar areas, are
act considered habitable space. See working space.
heat capacity, Hc: the amount cf heat necessary to raise
t:^.e temperature of a given mass one degree. Numerically, the
mass m•.:itipiied by the specific heat. (See wall heat capacityi.
heat: the form of enercy that i_= transferred b}• ~-ir__e of a
Temperature difference or of a change in state cf a material.
heat trap: A heat trap consists of a beat piece cf tubinc
,; . c forms a loop of lE0 degrees, ar. arrangement -
^~ p,pe
`-tt_acs, such as elbows, corrected so that the inlet and c.alet
_-,_
piping make vertical runs just before
to the water heater's inlet and outlet
available heat trap, or any other type
restricts the natural tendency of hot
vertical pipe during standby periods.
high-rise residential building:
high-rise.
turning downward to connect
fittings, a commercially
which effectively
Nacer to rise in the
see residential building,
horizontal glazing: glazing (such as a skylight) which lies
within 60° of horizontal. Glazing which stands greater than 60°
from horizontal is considered vertical glazing.
humidistat: an automatic control device responsive to
changes in humidity.
HVAC system efficiency: see efficiency, HVAC system.
HVAC system: the equipment, distribution network and
terminals that provide either collectively or individually the
processes of heating, ventilating, and/or air conditioning to a
building.
illuminance: the density of the luminous flux incident on a
surface. It is the quotient of the luminous-flux multiplied by
the area of the s+~rface when the latter is uniformly illuminated.
insolation: the rate of solar energy incident on a unit
area with a given orientation.
integrated part-load value (IPLV): a single number figure
of merit based on part-load EER or COP expressing part-load
efficiency for air-conditioning and heat pump equipment on the
basis of a weighted average of efficiencies at operation at
various partial-load capacities for the equipment.
interior lighting porter allo~vaao• (ILPA): the calculated
maximum lighting power allowed for an interior space of a
building or facility, in watts.
interior unit lighting povnr allo~raac• - prescriptive: the
allotted interior lighting power for each individual building
type, in W/ft' (see Sec .6.5)
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interior wait lighting paver allowaac• - eyetem performance:
the allotted interior lighting power for each individual, space,
area or activity in a building, in w/ft'. (See Sec. .6.6)
lamp efficacy: the quotient of the total luminous flux
divided by the total lamp power input, expressed in lumens per
watt.
lighting power budget, LPB: the lighting power, in watts,
allowed for an interior area/activity.
lighting power control credit (LPCC): the amount of
interior connected lighting power which may be added to the
interior lighting power allowance for lights in a space that are
turned off or dimmed by automatic control devices.
listsd apace area (LS): any interior space with identified
area of activities for which a lighting power budget is
calculated and listed in the lighting power limit determination.
low-rise residential building: see residential building,
low-rise. -
lumen, lm: SI unit of luminous flux. Radiometrically, it
is-determined from the radiant power. Photometrically, it is the
luminous flux emitted within a unit solid angle (one steradian?
by a point source having a uniform luminous intensity of one
candela.
lumen maintenance control: a device that senses the
illumination level and causes an increase/decrease of illuminance
to maintair.,a preset illumination level.
luminaires a complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or
-,amps together with the parts designed to distribute the light,
to positic: and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to
the power supply.
luminaire efficiency: the ratio c_° iu[ninou_ flux (lumens)
emitted by a _..,.,_naire __ hat emitted by the iar..p ~_ lamps .aed
therein.
manual (nonautomatic;: action recuirinc persona-
_..tervent_cn for _ts contrcl. As applied to an electric
_.,..__oller, nonautomatic coatrcl does not necessarily imply a
manual controller, but only that personal intervention is
necessary. (See automatic)
marked rating: the design load operating conditions of a
device as shown by the manufacturer on the nameplate or otherwise
marked on the device.
motor efficiency, minimum: the minimum efficiency occurring
in a population of motors of the same manufacturer and rating.
motor efficiency, nominal: the median efficiency occurring
in a population of motors of the same manufacturer and rating.
north: surfaces that face within 45° from true north.
occupancy sensor: a device that detects the presence or
absence of people within an area and causes lighting, equipment,
and/or appliances to be adjusted accordingly.
opaque areas: all exposed areas of a building envelope
except fenestration areas and building service system openings
such as vents and grilles.
orientation: the directional placement_of a building on a
building site with reference to the building's longest horizontal
axis, or if there is no longest horizontal axis then with
reference to the designated main entrance.
outdoor (outside) air: air taken from the outdoors and
therefore not previously circulated through the system. (See
also ventilation air)
overhang: a fixed, external construction which shades
vertical fenestration from direct sunlight. It is positioned
above the vertical fenestration system and extends horizontally
to both edges of the window. Fixed awnings qualify as overhangs.
See projection factor.
ozone depletion factor: a relative measure of the potency
of chemicals in depleting stratospheric ozone. The ozone
depletion factor potential depends upon the chlorine and the
bromine content and atmospheric lifetime of the chemical. The
depletion factor potentials are normalized such that the factor
for CFC-11 is net equal to unity and the factors for the other
chemicals indicate their potential relative to CFC-11.
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packaged tasmiaal air-coaditioaar, PT11C: a factory-selected
wall sleeve and separate unencased combination of heating and
cooling components, assemblies or sections, intended for mounting
through the wall to serve a single room or zone. It includes
heating capability by hot water, steam, oz electricity.
packaged terminal heat pump: a PTAC capable of using the
refrigeration system in a reverse cycle or heat pump mode to
provide heat.
piping: a system for conveying fluids, including pipes,
valves, strainers, and fittings.
plenum: an enclosure that is part of the air handling _
system and is distinguished by having a very low air velocity. A
plenum often is formed in part or in total by portions of the
building.
-power sdjustmeat factor (PAF): a modifying factor that
adjusts the effective connected lighting power (CLP) of a space
to account for the use of energy conserving lighting control
devices.
power factor: the ratio of total watts to the root-mean-
square (RMS) volt amperes.
power: in connection with machines, power is the time rate
cf doing work. In connection with the transmission of energy of
ail types, power refers to the rate at which energy is
transmitted. In inch-pound units, it is measured in watts (W) or
British thermal units per hour (Btu/h).
prescribed assumption: a fixed value of an input to the
standard calculation procedure.
private driveways, walkways, and parking lots: exterior
=ransit areas that are associated with a commercial or
residertiai building and intended for use solely by the employees
.,_ tenants and not by the general public.
process energy: energy consumed in support of a
~a::u`acturing, industrial, cr commercial process, other that: _~:_
-.a.nteaance of comfort and amen,tses fcr the occupants cf
....__dinc
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procas• load: the calculated or measured time-integrated
lcad on a building resulting from the consumption or release o£
process energy.
projsctioa factor (PF): the ratio of the overhang
horizcntal projection (from the fenestration surface) to the
distance between the bottom of the window and the bottom outer
edge of the overhang.
proposed design: a prospective design for a building that
is to be evaluated for compliance.
public driveways, walkways, and parking lots: exterior
transit areas that are intended for use by the general public.
public facility restroom: a restroom used by the transient
public.
qualified person: one familiar with the construction and
operation of the equipment and the hazards involved.
radiant barrier: a sheet of material with a low emissivity
on at least one side which is used to reduce radiant heat
transfer.
readily accessible: capable of being reached quickly fo:-
operation, renpw3l, or inspections, without requiring those to
whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles
or to resort to portable ladders, chairs, and so on. (See also
accessible.)
-. retooling: lowering the temperature of air that has been
previously heated by a heating system.
recovered eaesgy: energy utilized which would otherwise be
wasted (not contributing to a desired end use) from an energy
utilization system.
reference building: a specific building design that has the
same form, orientation and basic systems as the proposed design
and meets all the criteria of the Prescriptive compliance method.
reflectance factor: the ratio of the radiant (or luminous)
flux reflected in directions delimited to that reflected in the
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same directions by perfect reflecting diffusers identically
irradiated (or illuminated).
raflectaace: the ratio of the light reflected by a surface
to the light incident upon it.
rehsatinq: raising the temperature of air that has been
previously cooled either by a refrigeration or an economi2er
system.
react: adjustment of the controller set point to a higher
or lower value automatically or manually.
residential buildiag, high-rise: multifamily dwelling units
of four stories or more of habitable space above grade as well as
all hotels and motels.
residential buildiaq, low-rise: multifamily dwelling units
of three stories or fewer of habitable space above grade, but not
including, single and two family dwellings and other R-3
occupancy buildings.
reaidaatial buildiag, R-1 occupaacy: buildings which are
hotels and apartment houses.
residential building, R-3 occupancy: buildings which are
one or two family dwellings or congregate residences of 10
persons cr less.
retail eatablishmaata: for the purpose of determining
lighting power limit, retail establishments are grouped into the
following types:
Type A: Jewelry merchandising, where minute examination of
displayed merchandise is critical.
TYPe B: Fine Merchandising: fine apparel and accessories,
c::iaa, crystal and silver, art galleries, etc. where the
displayed qua~ity and examination of merchandise is
important .
Type C: Mass Merc::ardising: general apparel, variety,
stationery, LJOOKS, sportiaa voods, hobby, cameras, gifts,
_,.ggage, etc. displayed ~.. a warehouse type of building
__~_
where focused display and detailed examination of
merchandise is important.
Typo D: General Merchandising: general apparel, variety,
stationery, books, sporting goods, hobby, cameras, gift,
luggage, etc. displayed in a department store type of
building, where general display and examination of
merchandise is adequate.
Type E: Food & Miscellaneous: bakeries, hardware and
housewares, grocery, appliances and furniture, etc. where
appetizing appearance is important.
Typ• F: Service Establishments: establishments-where
functional performance is important.
roof: those portions of the building envelope including all
opaque surfaces, fenestration, doors, and hatches which are above
enclosed space and which are horizontal or tilted at less than
60° from horizontal. (See also walls.)
room air conditioaar: an encased assembly designed as a
unit to be mounted in a window or through a wall, or as a
console. It is designed primarily to provide free delivery of
conditioned air to an enclosed space, room, or zone. It includes
a prime source of refrigeration for cooling and dehumidification
and means for circulating and cleaning air, and may also include
means for ventilating and heating.
room area, Ar: for lighting power determination purpose,
the area of a room or space shall be determined from the inside
face of the walls or partitions measured at work plane height.
^~aaonal aa~rgy afficiaacy ratio (SEER): the total cooling
output of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage
period for cooling, in Btu, divided by the total electric energy
input during the same period, in watt-hours, as determined by
Code of Federal Regulations 10 CFR, Part 430, U.S. Dept of
Energy.
saquanca: a consecutive series of operations.
•~rvic• syatams: all energy-using or distributing
components in a building that are operated to support the
occupant or process functions housed therein, including HVAC,
-18-
service water heating, illumination, transportation, cooking or
food preparation, laundering or similar functions.
•ervic• ~+ater hestiaQ demaad: the maximum design rate of
water withdrawal from a service water heating system in a
designated period of time (usually an hour or a day).
^eevice water heating: the supply of hot water for purposes
other than comfort heating and process requirements.
shadiag coefficient: the ratio of solar heat gain through
fenestration to that occurring through unshaded 1/B in. thick
clear double strength glass.
shadiag coefficient of exterior shading device (SC..,,:the
ratio of solar heat gain through the exterior shading device
alone of any fenestration system to that occurring through
unshaded 1/8 in. thick clear double strength glass.
shadiag coefficient of glass alone (SCr.ithe ratio of solar
heat gain through the glass alone of any fenestration system to
that occurring through unshaded 1/8 in. thick clear double
strength glass.
shall: where shall is used with a special provision, that
provision is mandatory if compliance with the Code is claimed.
shell building: a building for which the envelope is
designed and/or constructed prior to knowing the occupancy type.
(See also speculative building.)
sidefin: a fixed external construction which shades
vertica_ fenestration from direct sunlight. A sidefin projects
cutward from the building and runs vertically at least to the tcp
and bottom of the window in order to block entry cf sunlight from
the side.
Kolar energy source: source cf natural dayiighting and of
t^:ermal, chemical, or electrical energy derived directly from
.,.nversica cf iacidert solar radiation at the bu_:,._ site.
south: surfaces that face withir: 45° from ..rue sou^}
speculative building: a bui_,._ _ _or which tre envelcoe ~_
des_gned sad/or constructed prior ",^the design cf the lig;:^.tiag
_- c_
and/or HVAC systems. A speculative building differs from a shell
building in that the occupancy type is known for the speculative
building. (See also shell building.)
etaadard calculatioa procadura: an energy simulation model
and a set of input assumptions that account for the dynamic
thermal performance of the building; it produces estimates of
annual energy consumption for heating, cooling, ventilation,
lighting and other uses.
suaacr~w: an exterior shading device, generally located in
a plane parallel to the fenestration system, that reduces solar
gain through the fenestration.
aystam: a combination of equipment and/or controls,
accessories, interconnecting means, and terminal elements by
which energy is transformed so as to perform a specific function,
such as HVAC, service water heating, or illumination.
taadam wiring: pairs of luminaires operating with one lamp
in each luminaire powered from a single two-lamp ballast
contained in the other luminaire.
tank lightiaq: lighting that provides illumination fo
visual tasks and is directed to a specific surface or area.
tank locatioa: an area of the space where significant
visual tasks are performed and where lightinci is required above
and beyond that required for general ambient use.
tank-ambiaat lightiaq: a combination of task lighting and
ambient lighting within an area such that the general level of
ambient lighting is lower than the task lighting.
tarmiaal •lam~at: the means by which the transformed energy
from a system is finally delivered; i.e., registers, diffusers,
lighting fixtures, faucets, etc.
tharmal coaductaac~, C: the constant time rate of heat flow
through unit area of a body induced by a unit temperature
difference between the surfaces, Btu/ftl-h-°F or Btu/h-°F. It is
the reciprocal of thermal resistance. (See thermal resistance.)
-20-
thermal mass wall iasulatioa position:
(a) exterior iasulatioa position: A wall having all or
nearly all of its mass exposed to the room air with the
insulation on the exterior of that mass.
(b) integral iasulatioa position: a wall having mass
exposed to both room and outside air, with substantially
equal amounts of mass on the inside and outside of the
insulation layer.
(c) iatarior iasulatioa position: a wall not meeting
either of the above definitions, particularly a wall having
most of its mass external to an insulation layer.
thermal mass: materials with mass heat capacity and surface
area capable of affecting building loads by storing and releasinc_
heat as the interior and/or exterior temperature and radiant
conditions fluctuate. (See also wall heat capacity.)
thermal resistance, R: the reciprocal of thermal
conductance; 1/C as well as 1/h, 1/U, h-ft'-•F/Btu.
thermal traaamittaaca, overall, U,: the gross overall (area
weighted average) coefficient of heat transfer from air to air
for a gross area of the building envelope, Btu/h-ft'-°F. The U~
value applies to the combined effect of the time rate of heat
flows through the various parallel paths, such as windows, doors,
and opaque construction areas, comprising the gross area of one
cr more building envelope components, such as walls, floors, or
roof/ceiling.
thermal transmittaace, U: the overall coefficient of heat
transfer from air to air. It is the time rate of heat flow per
unit area under steady conditions from the fluid on the warm side
cf th=_ barrier to the fluid on the cold side, per unit
temperatur=_ difference between the two _°luids, Btu/h-ft~-°F.
thermostat: an automatic control device responsive tc
temperature.
total lighting power allowance: the calculated lighting
_ower allowed for the inter_or and exter_or space areas cf a
..--_.._nc cr facility.
-21-
unconditioned apace: space within a building that is not a
conditioned space. (See conditioned space)
uaencloaed space: see enclosed space.
unit lighting power allowance: the allotted lighting power
for each individual building type in W/ftz.
unit power danaity, IIPD: the lighting power density, in
W/ft', of an area/activity.
unitary cooling equipment: one or more factory-made
assemblies which normally include an evaporator or cooling coil,
a compressor and condenser combination, and may incluc}e a heating
function as well.
unitary heat pump: one or more factory-made assemblies
which normally include an indoor conditioning c~_1, compressor(s)
and outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger,
including means to provide both heating and cooling functions.
unlisted apace: the difference in area between the gross
lighted area and the sum of all listed spaces.
variable air volume (VAV) 8N71C ayttem: ' HVAC systems that
control the dry-bulb temperature within a space by varying the
volume of supply air to the space.
ventilation air: that portion of supply air which comes
from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been
treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a
designated space. (See also outdoor air.)
ventilation: the process of supplying or removing air by
natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such air may
or may not have been conditioned.
vertical glasiaq: glazing (such as a window) which stands
within 30• of vertical. Glazing which lies within 60• of
horizontal is considered horizontal glazing.
visual task: conventionally designates those details and
objects that must be seen for the performance of a given
activity, and includes the immediate background of the details oz
objects.
-22-
Hall heat capacity: the sum of the products of the mass of
each individual material in the wall per unit area of wall
surface [lb/f t'] times its individual specific heat, [Btu/lb-•F1.
Units [Btu/f t'-•F]. (See thermal mass.)
walla: those portions of the building envelope including
all opaque surfaces, fenestration and doors, which are vertical
or tilted at an angle of 60• from horizontal or greater. (See
also roof.)
watt, W: A unit of power. One watt is produced when one
ampere, flows at an emf of one volt (unity power factor). (See
also power.)
west: surfaces that face within 45• from true west.
window-to-wall ratio (WWR); The ratio of fenestration area
to gross exterior wall area. -
working space: includes offices, assembly rooms,
classrooms, showrooms-and similar spaces designed for extended
human occupancy. Not included are bathrooms, hallways, storage
closets, mechanical rooms, garages and portions of warehouses not
used for regular human occupancy. See habitable space.
rose: a space or group of spaces within a building with
heating, cooling, and/cr lighting requirements sufficiently
similar so that desired conditions can be maintained throughout
by a single controlling device.
-23-
Table 3-1
Abbreviations, Acroayma and Symbols
Ao Total building floor area
Aoe Area of all fenestration including glazed portions, sash,
frames, etc.
A,,,,i.~„~,,« Area of a specific building component
ACP Alternative Component Package
AF Area Factor
AFUE Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency
ARAM Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers
AIA American Institute of Architects
ALP Adjusted Lighting Power
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ARI Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Condieioaing Engineers, Inc.
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BECON,,, Budget energy consumption by month (m) and fuel type (i)
BEF Ballast Efficacy Factor
BF Ballast Factor
BLPL Building Lighting Power Limit
C Thermal conductance
c~ Cooling Criteria
C1 External wall cooling compliance value for orientation
CDDu Cooling degree days, to a base temperature XX•F
ODD,o Cooling degree-days base 50 •P -
CDD„ Coolinq degree-days base 65 •F
CDHQ Coolinq degree hours, to a base temperature XX•F
CDH,o Coolinq degree-hours base 80 •F
CEEU Cost Equivalent ffiergy Units
CFM - Cubic feet par minute -
CLP Conaaceed Lighting Powr
CMC Maas correction factor for cooling
COP Coefficient of Performance
cU- Coefficient of Utilization
DECON,,, Design energy consumption by month (m) and fuel type (i)
DECOS Annual design energy cost
DOE U. S. Department of ffiezgy
DR Average daily temperature range for warmese month
DS Daylightinq Sassing Controls
Ep 8quipmant power, for envelope calculations
EA B!lactive aperture fraction for zone under coaeidaratioa
ECB Asaual energy cost budget
EGOS,,, ffiergy cost by month (m) and fuel type (i)
EER ffiergy Efficiency Ratio
ELPA 8xtarlor Lighting Pawar Allowance
fc footcaadles
F~ Wall area (opaque sad glazed) of zone wader consideration
divided by total wall area (opaque and glazed) of all
zones
F~ Pramiag adjustment factor for sash, frames, etc. is
-24-
fenestration ueembly
F, Opagw wall aru of zone under cOaeideration divided by
total wall aru (opagw and glazed) of all zones
FLPL Facility Lighting Powr Limn
G 8lfectivs iauraal gain (W/!t') for zone under
consideration
GLA Gros^ lightsd aru
H Height from bottom of window to bottom of external
shading projection
H1 8xteraal wall heating campliaace value for orientation
HC Nut Capacity
HID Nigh Intensity Discharge
HMC Maas correction factor for huting
HP Horespowsr
HPS Nigh Pzusuze Sodium
FNAC Hsatiag, Vaatilating and Aiz Conditioning
ZEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ZEPA Interior Equipment POwr Allowance
IES illuminating Engineariag Society of North America
ILPA interior Lighting Power Allowance
IPLV Integrated Part Load Value
IRF internal Reflecting Film
ISSC Internal Shading System Coefficient
Ka Daylighting adjustment factor
x~ Daylightiag factor
kvA Kilovolt Amperes
~ Interior lighting power, for envelope calculations
LPB Lighting Power Budget
LPCC Lighting Power Control Credit
M~ Mesa correction factor
MG Milligrams
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NFpA National Fire Protection Association
OH Overhang Multiplier
OLA Occupant Load Adjustment
Pr Baee Unit Power Density
Po External shading projection depth
PAF Power Adjustment Factor
PF ~ External shading projection factor
PTAC Packaged terminal air-conditioner
r Thermal resistivity
R Thermal resistance
R: The fraction of total lighting wattage within 15 ft of an
exterior wall on a given orientation that is controlled
by automatic lighting controls. For example, if all such
lights are so controlled, R~ 1
R, The equivalent resistance of the element contaza.ao
the
_
parallel heat flow path
R- Thermal resistance of insulation for heated slab on grade
F: The resistance of the ith envelope assembly
=. Total resistivity of envelope assembly
F. Thermal resistance of insulation for unheated slab on
grade
RF»f Roof Heat Gain Factor
-25-
:~?;, Eequired l~ght:ag adjustment
~LPA RoadsiGrounds Light irg Power Allowance
s.. external shading project an factor adjustment, Ccciing
SC shading Ooefficient
S C.,~ Shading coefficient of exterior shading de•n ce
SC„_ Shading coefficient of glazing
SC. Same as SC, but excludes effect of external
shading projections
SCCP Seasonal Coefficient of Performance
SEER Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
SWA Service water heating
:'E FC Totally enclosed, fan coaled
U, Thermal transmittance of glazed portion of
fenestration assembly
U Thermal transmittance of each individual element
of she envelope assembly
U, Overall thermal transmittance
U,, Overall thermal transmittance of fenestration assembly
V,~_ Overall thermal transmittance of floor assembly
Overall thermal transmittance of roof assembly
U,,, Overall thermal transmittance of opaque wall
LZ?A Unit Lighting Power Allowance
UOC Area average U-value of wall (opaque and glazed,
evaluated under cooling conditions) in zone under
consideration
UOA Area average U-value of wall (opaque and glazed,
evaluated under heating conditions) of zone under
consideration
UPD Unit Power Density -
vAV Variable air volume
vS Annual average daily incident solar energy on facade
:zzider consideration, Btu/ft'/day
vSEW Annual average daily incident solar energy on east or
west orientation, Btu/ft'/day
vSN Annual average daily incident solar energy on north
orientation, Btu/ft'/day
vSS Annual average daily incident solar energy on south
_ orientation, Btu/ft'/day
vT Transmittance of glazing material over visible portion of
solar spectrum
w watts
wh window height
wC water column
wC_ External wall cooling criteria
WWR Window wall ratio
wWR, window wall ratio, cooling
-26-
Division 4. Cc®plianc•
sac. -.4.1 Purpoaa.
The purpose of this Division is to prescribe the methods by
which compliance with this Code can be demonstrated.
Sac. _.4.2 8copa.
This Division applies to all buildings for which compliance
with this Code is required.
Sac. -.4.3 Oaaaral.
This Code provides different paths by which compliance can
be determined.
The Prescriptive criteria may be used to determine
compliance with the minimum amount of effort. Ir. addition, the
Systems Performance criteria are available for the lighting
(Division 6) and envelope (Division 8) portions of the Code.
These criteria should-be used when more innovative design or
flexibility is desired.
The Building Enes•gy Cost Budget method (Division 13) should
be used when the most innovative design concepts are being
considered or when the proposed design meets the basic
requirements but fails to meet either the Prescriptive or Systems
Performance criteria.
Sec. - .4.4 Raquiramanta.
(a' Basic requirements.
..1 building designs shall meet the requirements of Sections
- ~•-' - .6.3, - .g,3, - ,9.3 - .10.3 and - ,11.3 of this Code.
(b' Prescriptive and/or system performance criteria.
.n add_tzcn tc the basic requirements cf subsection (a; =__t:-er
~::^.e requ_rements of this subsection, the Prescriptive and/cr
System Performance ~riter-_a, or
_ of subsection (ci the Cost
_udget Herbed, shall be met.
-27-
;1) The iight~rg design shall meet either tre Prescr~pti•:e
Criteria of Sect~oa _.5.4 or *_he Systems Perfermance
Cr_ter~a of Sect~cn 5.5;
2; The roof of the building envelope shall meet the
PrescrYptive Criteria of Section _ .8.4. Walls may
meet either the Prescriptive Criteria of Section _ .8.4
cr the Systems Performance Criteria of Section .8.5;
i3) The heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems
design shall meet the Prescriptive Criteria of Section
.9.4; and
i4) The service water heating systems and equipment design
shall meet the Prescriptive Criteria of Section
11.3.
(c) Building energy cost budget method.
The Building Energy Cost Budget Method (Division 13) may be used
instead of the Prescriptive and/or System Performance Criteria of
subsection (b).
(d) Plans and specifications.
Plans, specifications and necessary computations
submitted to indicate compliance with the Code.
specifications for work to comply with this Code
prepared, designed, or approved by a duly regist
engineer or architect as required by Chapter 464
Revised Statutes.
(e) Information on plans and specifications.
shall be
Plans and
shall be
'red professional
of the Hawaii
The plans and specifications shall show in sufficient detail all
pertinent data and features of the building and the equipment and
systems as herein governed including but not limited to:
exterior envelope component materials, U-values of the respective
elements including insulation, R-values of insulating materials,
size and type of apparatus and equipment, equipment and system
controls, and other pertinent data to indicate compliance with
the requirements of this article.
-28-
Sac. .4.5 Ealoreea~at -- Paaaltlas.
The enforcement and penalty provisions of Chapter 16,
Division 10, shall apply to this chapter.
-29-
Division 5. Electric Powar
Sec. .5.1 Purpose.
This Division describes requirements for check-metering cf
electrical distribution systems, efficiency of electric motors,
and documentation of electrical distribution systems.
Sec. _.5.2 Scope.
(a) This Division applies to all building electrical systems
except required emergency systems. Similar requirements for
other types of energy are given in Divisions 10 and 12.
(b) Exception.
This Division shall not apply to low-rise residential
buildings.
Sec. _.5.3 Basic rsquiremaats.
(a) Electrical distribution system.
The design of building electrical distribution systems whose
connected electric load is over 250 kVA shall include
provisions for check-metering of electrical energy
consumption.
(1) Electrical power feeders.
(A) The electrical power feeders for each facility for
which provision for check-metering is required
shall be subdivided in accordance with the
following categories:
(i) Lighting and receptacle outlets;
(ii) FIVAC systems and equipment;
(iii) SWH, elevators, and special-occupant
equipment or systems of more than 20 kW such
-30-
as computer rooms, kitchens, printing
equipment, and baling presses.
(8) Exception.
Ten percent or leas of the loads on a feeder may
be from another usage category.
(2) In multiple-tenant buildings, provision to permit
check-metering of the tenant load shall be provided for
those tenants having a connected load of 100 kVA or
more. HVAC or SWH systems shared by tenants in common
need not meet this tenant check-metering requirement
but shall be separately metered as required.
(3) The feeders for each category in subdivision (1) shall
contain provisions for portable or permanent check-
metering.
(4) The minimum acceptable arrangement for compliance with
subsection (a) shall provide a safe method for access
by qualified persons to the enclosures through which
feeder conductors pass, and shall provide sufficient
space to attach clamp-on or split-core current
transformers. These enclosures may be separate
compartments or combined spaces with electrical
cabinets serving another function. Dedicated
enclosures so furnished shall be identified as to
measuring function available. A preferred arrangement
would include kWh meters and demand registers or a
means to transmit such information to the building
energy management control system. These points of
measurement may be centrally located or distributed
through the building, as appropriate.
Electrical motors.
(li Design A & B squirrel cage, foot mounted, T-frame
induction motors of hp or more having syr.chrenous
speeds of 36DC, 18v~, '_2C0 and 900 rpm. expected t
operate more than SOC hours per year shall have aV
nominal full-load motor ef_ic_ency no less thar. that
shover. in Table 5-_ or shall be classified under the
-3i-
National Electric Manufacturers Association's Standard
as "energy efficient" [NEMA Standards Publication No.
MG I-1987, Revision No. 2 - May and November 1989,
September and November 1990, January and February 1991,
Motors and Generators, National Electrical
Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC 20037.;.
Cther motor types are exempted from the efficiency
requirements of this standard.
~) Exceptions.
(A) Motors used in systems designed to use more than
one speed of a multi-speed motor; and
iB) Motors used as a component of the equipment
meeting the minimum equipment efficiency
requirements of Division l0 provided that the
- motor input is included when determining the
equipment efficiency.
(c) Cperation and maintenance information.
A manual which provides basic data relating to the design,
operation, and maintenance of the building electrical
distribution. system shall be provided to building owners.
The manual shall include:
(i) A single-line diagram of the "as-built" building
electrical distribution system;
(2) Schematic diagrams of electrical control systems (other
than HVAC, which are covered in Division 9 elsewhere);
and
(3) Manufacturer's operational and maintenance information
for electrical equipment.
(d) Energy conservation in electrical distribution systems.
Power Factor. The power factor of the overall electrical
distribution system in a building shall be not less than 90
percent under rated design installed load of the building,
either by utilizing equipment design or by the use of power
-32-
factor corrective devices. The corrective methods shall be
based upon an engineering evaluation of each distribution
system.
Tabl• 5-1
Minimtim Accaptabl• Nominal lull-Load Motor i!lieiaaey
!or Siagl• Bpaad Polyphaaa Motors
AP 500 - Mora thaw 1000 hra/yr
1000 hra/yr
3600 rjm 1800 rpm 1300 rpm 900 rpm
fall typaa) (2 polo) (4 polo) (6 polo) (! polo)
1 75.5 75.5 82.5 80.0 74.0
1.5-4 78.5 82.5 84.0 84.0 77,0
5-9 84.0 85.5 87.5 87.5 85.5
10-19 85.5 88.5 89.5 89.5 88.5
20-49 BB.S 9G.2 91.0 90.2 89.5
50-99 90.2 92.4 93.-0 93.0 91.7
100-124 91.7 93.0 94.1 94.1 93.0
125 or greater 92.4 93.6 94.5 94.1 93.6
-33-
Division 6. Lighting
Sec. _ .6.1 Purpoea.
Division E sets power limits, control requirements and lamp
efficiency requirements for electric lighting.
Sec. _.6.2 Scope.
ia) The rooms, spaces and areas covered by the lighting
requirements in Division 6 include: '
(1) Interior spaces of buildings;
(2) Building exteriors and exterior areas such as
entrances, exits, loading docks; and
(3) Roads, grounds, parking, and other exterior areas where
lighting is required and is energized through the
building electrical service.
(b) Exceptions.
Rooms, spares, areas, and lighting equipment exempt from the
lighting requirements in Division 6 include:
(1) Lighting for dwelling units other than hotels and
motels;
(2) Outdoor activities such as manufacturing, commercial
greenhouses, and processing facilities;
(3) Lighting power for theatrical productions, television
broadcasting, audio-visual presentations, and those
portions of entertainment facilities such as stage
areas in hotel ballrooms, night clubs, discos, and
casinos, where lighting is an essential technical
element for the function performed;
(4) Specialized luminaires for medical and dental purposes;
-34-
(5) Outdoor athletic facilities;
(6) Display lighting required for art exhibits or displays
in galleries, museums and monuments;
(7) Exterior lighting for public monuments;
(B) Special lighting needs for research;
(9) Lighting to be used solely for indoor plant growth
during the hours of 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.;
(10) Emergency lighting that is automatically OFF during
normal building operation;
(11) High risk security areas identified by local ordinances
or regulations or by security or safety officials as
requiring additional lighting;
(12) Spaces specifically designed primarily for use by the
visually impaired or hard of hearing (lip-reading) and
by senior citizens;
(13) Lighting for signs; and
(14) Store-front, exterior-enclosed display windows in -
retail faciL.ties.
(:` The lighting requirements in this Article shall apply to new
lighting systems installed in existing buildings whey. such
lighting systems are for an entire floor or an otherwise
definable area larger than 1,000 ft2.
Sec. _ .6.3 Basic Requirements.
This section establishes the maximum power allowance and
~_..trci requirements for interior and exterior illumination
systems for new lighting systems.
a ..ic^ting power allowante.
-35-
A building or facility total lighting allowance consists of
the exterior lighting Dower allowance (ELPA), and the
_nterior lighting power allcwance iILPA).
aLPA shall be calculated using the exterior lighting unit
ocwer allowances in Table 6-1. ILPA shall be calculated in
accordance with the Prescriptive criteria in Section .6.4
or the System Performance criteria in Section .6.5.
(1) Compliance. A building shall be considered in
compliance with subsection (a) if the following
conditions are met:
(A) The exterior lighting power to be installed is not
greater than the ELPA, based on Table 6-1; and
(B) The interior lighting power to be installed is not
- greater than the ILPA, based on either the
Prescriptive criteria in Section _ .6.4 or the
System Performance criteria in Section .6.5.
(2) Tradeoffs between ILPA and ELPA are not allowed.
Tradeoffs of the interior lighting power budgets (LPB)
among interior spaces (see Section- -6.5) are allowed
as long as the CLP of interior lighting does not exceed
the ILPA. Tradeoffs of the exterior lighting power
budgets smong exterior areas are allowed as long as the
CLP of exterior lighting does not exceed the ELPA.
(3) when determining lighting power compliance, the amount
of power required for lights automatically controlled
- using functions such as daylight sensing control,
occupancy sensor, lumen maintenance control, and
programmable timing control may be reduced by a power
adjustment factor (PAF) determined in accordance with
subsection (c).
(4) Compliance for a multi-building facility. The total
lighting power allowance for each building in a
multi-building facility shall be calculated separately.
-36-
Tradeoffs among the buildings shall be
restricted as follows:
(A) Tradeoffs of ELPA are allowed;
(H) Tradeoffs of ILPA are not allowed; and
(C) Tradeoffs between ZLPA and ELPA are not allowed.
-37-
Tabl• 6-1
Exterior Lighting Unit Power Allowanu•
Area Description
Exl[with or without canopy)
Entrance (without canopy)
Entrance (with canopy!
High Traffic (retail, hotel, airport,
theater, etc.)
Light Traffic (hospital, office, school, etc.)
Loading area
Loading door
Building exterior surfaces/facades
Storage and non-manufacturing work areas
Alloraac•
20 W/Lin. ft
of door opening
30 W/Lin. ft
of door opening
10 W/ft'
of canopied area
4 W/ft'
of canopied area
0.40 W/ft'
20 w/Lin. ft
of door opening
0.2s W/ft'
of surface to be illuminated
Other activity areas for testa) use, such as picnic
grounds, gardens, parks, and other landscaped areas
Private driveways and walkways
Public driveways and walkways
Private parking lots
Public parking lots
0.20 W/ft'
0. 10 w/ft'
0. 10 W/ft'
0. 15 w/ft'
0. 12 W/ft'
0. 10 W/ft'
(b) Lighting controls.
All lighting systems except those required for emergency or
exit lighting shall be provided with manual, automatic or
programmable controls.
(1) Controls for enclosed spaces.
-38-
(A) Each space enclosed by walls or ceiling-height
partitions shall be provided controls which,
together or singly, are capable of turning off all
lights within that space.
(B) Exception.
Continuous lighting required for security purposes
shall be exempted from this requirement.
(2) Minimum Number of Lighting Control Points. Each space
enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions shall be
provided with a minimum of one ON-OFF lighting control
and in addition one control point for each task location
or one control point for each group of task locations
within an area of 450 ft' or less.
(3) Minimum Number of Lighting Controls. Once the number of
control points has been determined in accordance with
subdivision (2), the minimum number controls required
shall be determined using Table 6-2 which lists the types
of lighting controls and the equivalent number of control
points they represent. However, the minimum number of
controls required shall not be less than one for each
1500 W of connected lighting power (CLP).
Tab l• 6-2
Control Typa• and 8quivalant Coatrol Poini•
8quivalant Number
Type of Control of Coatrol Point•
Manually operated on/off switch 1
Occupancy sensor 2
Timer - Programmable from the space being controlled ~
Three level, including off, step control oz pre-set dimming ~
Four level, including cff, step control or pre-set dimming 3
Automatic c: continuous dimming ~
(4 CO.^.t rO1S prOV1dEC fOr task arE<a, if rEaC_1V
accessible, may be mounted as part of the task .:grating
luminaire.
-35-
(Si Controls controlling the same load from more than one
location shall noc be credited as increasing the number
of controls to meet the requirements of subdivision
(3) .
5; 3xceptions to (1l through (5).
(A) Lighting control requirements for spaces which
must be used as a whole may be controlled by fewer
controls, but not fewer than three control points.
Examples of such spaces include public lobbies of
office buildings, hotels, and hospitals; retail
and department stores; warehouses; and storerooms
and service corridors under centralized
supervision. Lighting in such spaces shall be
controlled in accordance with the work activities;
and
(B) The required number of lighting control points may
be reduced by lowering the allowable lighting
power by 70 watts for each control point
reduction.
(~) Contrc•1 Accessibility. _
(A) All lighting controls shall be located so as to be
readily accessible to personnel occupying or using
the space.
(B) Exceptions.
- The following lighting controls may be centralized
in remote locations:
(i) Lighting controls for spaces which must be
used as a whole;
(ii) Automatic controls;
(iii) Programmable controls;
(iv) Controls requiring trained operators; and
-40-
(v) Controls for safety hazards and security.
(8) Hotel and motel guest rooms, excluding bathrooms, shall
have one or more master switches at the main entry door
that turn off all permanently wired lighting fixtures
and switched receptacles. For multiple-room hotel
suites, switches at the entry of each room, in lieu of
the switch at the main door, will be acceptable to meet
these requirements.
(9) Exterior lighting not intended for 24-hour continuous
use shall be automatically switched by timer, photocell
or a combination of timer and photocell. Timers shall
be of the automatic type or otherwise capable of
adjustment for seven days and for seasonal daylight
schedule variations. All time-switches shall be
equipped with back-up provisions to keep time during
power outage of at least four hours.
(10) All luminaires located so that more than half their
light output is directed into daylighted zones beneath
skylights sfiall either be controlled by daylight
sensing controls or be switched independently of
luminaires in non-daylighted zones.
Ic) Lighting power control credits
(1) Lighting Power Control Credit (LPCC) When determining
compliance of the actual design with the lighting power
allowance established by either Section _-6.4 or _-
6.5, the connected lighting power (CLP) for lights
automatically controlled by occupancy sensing, daylight
sensing control, lumen maintenance control, or
programmable timing control, may be reduced by
subtracting control credits on a specific area-by-area
basis. This credit is termed the lighting power
ccntrcl credit (LPCC) and shall be determined in
acccrdance with Equation 6-1:
-41-
LPCC = CLP x PAF
where
;.FCC = Lighting power control credit (WJ
Equation 6-1
CLP = Connected lighting power for the luminaires
controlled by the automatic control device (W]
PAF = Power Adjustment Factor
The adjusted lighting power (ALP) is then equal ,to CLP x
LPCC.
(2) Power Adjustment Factor (PAF). When used, the power
adjustment factor shall be applied as specified in
Table 6-3 and shall meet the following criteria:
(A) The power adjustment factor shall be limited to
the specific area controlled by the automatic
control device;
(B) Only one power adjustment factor may be used for
each building space or luminaire, and 504 or more
of the controlled luminaire shall be within the
applicable space to qualify for the PAF;
(C) Controls shall be installed in series with the
lights and in series with all manual switching
devices in order to qualify foz the PAF;
(D) When sufficient daylight is available, daylight
sensing controls shall be capable of reducing
electrical power consumption for lighting,
continuously or in steps, to 504 or less of
maximum power consumption;
(E) Daylight sensing controls shall control all
luminaires to which the power adjustment factor is
applied and that direct a minimum of 504 of their
light output into the daylight zone;
-42-
(F) Programmable timing controls used for credit in
conjunction with Table 6-3 shall be capable cf:
(i) Programming different schedules for occupied
and non-occupied days;
(ii) Ready accessibility for temporary override by
occupants of individual zones; and
(iii) Keeping time during power outages for a
minimum of four hours.
Tabl• 6-3
Powr lldjustwat !actor (!A!)
I~~ . matic Coatrol Davica (a) p~
(1, Daylight Sensing controls (DS), continuous dimming 0 .30
(2) DS, multiple step dimming 0 .20
(3) DS, ON/OFF 0 .10
(a) DS continuous dimming and programmable timing 0 .35
(5) DS multiple step dunning and programmable timing 0 .25
l6) DS ON/OFF and programmable timing 0 .15
(~) DS continuous ditmning, programmable timing and
lumen maintenance - 0 .40
;8) DS multiple step dimming, programmable timing and
lumen maintenance 0 .30
(9) DS ON/OFF, programmable timing and lumen maintenance 0 .20
(10) ~Lumen maintenance 0. 10
(11) Lumen maintenance and programmable timing control 0. 15
C2; Programmable timing control 0. 15
(i3) Occupancy sensor (storage) 0. 30
ii4! Occupancy sensor (other spaces) 0. 30
;':SS Occupancy sensor and DS, continuous dimming 0. 40
;:E; occupancy sensor and DS, multiple step dimming 0. 35
C 7'. Occupancy sensor and DS, ON/OFF 0. 35
I18i Occupancy sensor, DS continuous dimming and
fume .^. maintenance 0. 45
(:51 occupancy sensor, DS multiple step dimming and
lume n maintenance 0. 40
~~.' Occupancy sensor, DS ON/OFF and lumen maintenance 0. 35
,:_. Occutar.cy sensor and lumen maintenance 0. 35
:.~, occupancy sensor and programmable timing contrcl 0. 35
-43-
(d) Fluorescent lamp ballasts.
1) Fluorescent lamp ballasts which have all of the
following characteristics shall meet or exceed the
minimum ballast efficacy factor (BEF) as shown in Table
6-4:
(A) Operate at nominal input voltages of 120 or 277
volts;
(B) Input frequency of 60 Hz;
(C) Maximum lamp operating current less than 1000
milliamperes;
(D) Used to operate one of the following lamp types:
(i) One or two 4-ft, nominal 40W, rapid start
lamps;
(ii) Two 8-ft, nominal 75W, slimline lamps;
(iii) Two 8-ft, nominal 110W, high-output
rapid-start lamps; _
(E) Not specifically designed for starting at
ce,.peratures below 40•F; and
(F) Not specifically designed for use with dimming
controls.
Table 6-4
rluoraaeaat lallaat !!lieaay lector felt)
ttiaimia ^allaat
Sallaat Cbasactariatioa l!licaoy lentos
One lamp, 4 ft, nominal 40W, rapid start 1.805
Two lamp, a ft, nominal 40W, rapid start, 120V 1.060
Two lamp, 4 ft, nominal 40W, rapid start, 277V 1.050
Two lamp, 8 ft, nominal 75W, slimline 0.570
Two lamp, 8 ft, nominal 110W, high output, rapid start 0.390
-44-
(2) The ballast efficacy factor (BEF) shall be calculated
in accordance with Equation 6-2:
BEF = BF / Power Znput
where:
SEF Ballast Efficacy Factor
Equation 6-2
BF = Ballast Factor, expressed as a percent, such
as 95
Power Input= Total wattage of combined lamps and ballasts
[W]
(3) Tests for ballast factor and power input shall be in
accordance with ANSI Standard C82.2-1984, Method of
Measurement for Fluorescent Lamps Ballasts, using
"Standard" F40T12 40W, F96T12 75W or F96T12HO 110W
lamps.
(4) Ballasts that do not have all c'_ the characteristics
listed in subdivision (1) are not required to meet the
ballast efficacy factors in Table 6-4 and may be used
as required.
(5) Tandem wiring.
(A; One-lamp or three-lamp fluorescent luminaires that
are recess-mounted within 10 ft center-to-center
of each other, or pendant mounted or surface
mounted within 1 ft of each other, and within the
same room, shall be tandem-wired to eliminate
unnecessary use of single-lamp ballasts.
E Exception.
Three-lamp ballasts may be used.
-45-
(6) Power factor.
(A) Haliasts shall have a power factor of 90~ or
greater.
(B) Exceptions.
(i) Ballasts for circline and compact fluorescent
lamps and for low-wattage high-intensity
discharge lamps of 100 watts or less.
(ii) Dimming ballasts.
Ssc. _.6.4 Pr~acriptiv~ Criteria. '
These Prescriptive criteria shall be used in addition to the
basic requirements specified in Section _.6.3. The System
Performance criteria listed in Section _.6.5 may be used instead
of Section .6.4.
(a) Purpose.
Section _.6.4 provides a Prescriptive procedure for
determining the interior lighting power allowance (ILPA) for
illumination systems installed in new buildings.
(b) General.
This method for compliance prescribes a maximum allowable
unit lighting power allowance (ULPA) for interior lighting
by building type as listed in Table 6-5.
(c) Interior lighting power allowance Calculations.
(1) ILPA calculations shall be based on the primary
occupancy for which the building is intended. The
total CLP in a building, including both
permanently-installed lighting plus supplemental or
task-related lighting provided by movable or plug-in
luminaires, shall not exceed the value of the ULPA in
Table 6-5 for the specified building space use
multiplied by the gross lighted area (GLA) provided for
that use:
-46-
ILPA (ULPA x GLA) - (70 x CPR)
where:
ILPA = interior lighting power allowance (W]
ULPA = unit lighting power allowance [W/f t']
GLA = gross lighted area [f t']
Equation 6-3
CPR = control points reduced per Exception in Section
_.6.3 (b) (6) (B)
(2) Exception.
If 10~ or more of the gross lighted area of the
building is intended for multiple space activities such
as parking, storage and retail space in an office
building, then the lighting power for each type of
space use shall be calculated based on the ULPA shown
in the column under the gross lighted area of the total
building (see Table 6-5) and shall be summed to obtain
the ILPA.
-47-
Table 6-5
Pmcnphve Cnit Lighting Power .allowance ICLP.11• Iµ~MI
Building Typo 0 2.001 10.001 25.001 10.001 Nore
nr Space to to to to
acnnty 2,000 10.000
'
21.000
10.000 to
210.000 than
250
000
Y
nr K M ft' ft' (f+ .
fN
Food Service
Fast Footl. Cafctena 1991 150 178 133 132
1993
0.92
0 85
0 82
0.81 131
0 81 1 ,p
0 80
Ldsurc Dining. Bar 1991 2.20 191 I ]2 165
1993
I.60
1 56
1 52
1.18 I .7
114 150
110
OBices 1991 t 90 1.81 1.72 1.61 157 i c0
1993 1.40 LJ4 1.27 1.22 I. I6 I i I
Reuil• 1991 J.30 3.08 2.83 2.50 3.28 2.10
1993 2.70 2.52 2.32 2.03 1.87 172
Mall Conwutse
Multi-stow service 1991 1.60 1.58 1.52 1.46 L4J L40
1993 0.69 0.68 0.65 0.63 0.61 0.60
Service Establishment
" 1991 2.70 2.37 2.08 1.92 1.80 ! 70
1993 2.81 2.03 I J8 1.61 1.54 1.46
Garages 1991 0.J0 0.28 0.24 0.22 0.21 0
20
1993 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.22 0.21 .
0.20
Schools
Preschool. elemennry 1991 I.80 1.80 1.72 1.61 1.57 I
10
1993 1.J3 1.73 1.27 L22 1.16 .
L I I
!r. High High Schwl 1991 1.90 1.90 1.88 L83 1.76 1.70
1993 1.40 1.40 1.39 _ 1.31 LJO 126
TechniW. Voea0onal 1991 2.10 2.J3 2.17 2.OI 1.84 170
1993 1.77 1.72 1.60 1.49 1.36 1 26
Warchouu. Storage 1991 0.80 0,66 0.36 0.48 0.43 0.40
1997 0.60 0.10 0.42 0.36 0.J2 0.J0
4otes
a includes geneN, merchandising std Ifiaplay lighting.
Sic. _.6.5 9y~t~s Darforsgaac~ Criteria.
These lighting System Performance criteria shall be used in
addition to the basic requirements specified in Section _ .6.3.
The Prescriptive criteria listed in Section _ .6.4 may be used
instead of Section .6.5.
-48-
(a) Purpose.
Section _.6.5 provides a System Performance procedure for
determining the interior lighting power allowance (ILPA) for
each apace within the building.
(b) General.
The procedure used in Section _.6.5 is known as the unit
power density (UPD) procedure for establishing the interior
lighting power allowance for building interiors, based on
the type of activity in each area. The interior lighting
power allowance shall include both permanently mounted
lighting and supplemental or task-related lighting provided
by movable or plug-in luminaires.
(c) More than 20t undefined.
when more than 20t of the tasks or interior configurations
are undefined, then the lowest value of ULPA in Table 6-5 of
the Prescriptive criteria, for the appropriate building
type, shall be used until such time as the apace use can be
defined. The ULPA shall be used instead of the UPD in the
input calculations. In such cases, the area factor shall be
assumed to be 1.0. The ULPA shall be substituted in only
those areas where the tasks or configuration are undefined.
(d) Procedure.
The lighting power budget (LPB) of each interior space shall
be determined in accordance with Equation 6-4.
Equation 6-4
LPB (A~ x UPD~ x AF) - (70 x CPR)
where
LPB = Lighting Power Budget of the space [W]
A-= Area c° the room or space [ft'] The area shall
be calculated from the inside dimensions o_' the
room.
-49-
UPD Unit Power Density [W/ft'] The UPD shall be
selected from Table 6-6. For applications to
areas or activities ocher than those give.^., se:=c.
values for similar areas or activities.
AF Area Factor of the space. The Area Factor (AF!
shall be determined from Figure 6-1 or from
Equation 6-5, based on the room area and ceiling
height. Rooms of identical ceiling height and
activities may be evaluated as a group. The AF o.
a group of rooms shall be determined from the
average area of these rooms.
CPR = Control Points Reduced per Exception} in Section
_.6.3 (b) (6) (B) .
:r
+•
ra
~ r.
a
Y 'a
.o
o ~m 700 7m
~~
+•
~•
r.a
W
U
_ ~!
0
Figurs e• 1 Aras flCror (AF)
roo eoo 900 :x+o
-50-
i i~ mOD GOOD ~ f® l000 700D X00 ~ 0700 ~~OW
~4~. d !fie la l1
m goo m
~w. 1 sa... Ia u
Equation 6-5 gives the formula used in developing Fig. 6-1.
Equation 6-5
AF = 0.2 + 0.8 (1/0.9")
where
n {10.21 (CX - 2.5) /Ar'/7) - 1
AF Area Factor
CH = Ceiling Height [ft)
Az = Room Area [f t']
If AF c 1.0, then AF = 1.0
Zf AF > 1.8, then AF = 1.8
(e) Special spaces and activities
(1) Multi-Function Rooms. For rooms serving multiple
functions, such as hotel banquet and meeting rooms and
office con'_erence and presentation rooms, the UPD may
be increase3 by 50 percent over the appropriate value
in Table 6-0 if a supplementary system ie actually
installed and meets the following conditions.
(A) The installed power for the supplementary system
shall not be greater than 33~ of the adjusted LPB
(calculated with the increased UPD) for that
space; and
(B) Independent controls shall be installed for the
supplementary system.
~: Simultaneous Activities. In rooms containing multiple
simultaneous activities, such as a large general cffice
containing separate accounting and drafting areas
witnln the same room„ the LPB for the rooms sha;_ be
the we,ghted average of the activities in propcrtion tc
the areas being served.
_S1_
3) _ndoor Sports. The area of indoor sports acti•r_ties
shall be considered as an area 10 ft beyond the playing
boundaries of the sport, not to exceed the total flocs
area of the indoor sports space less the spectator
seating area.
;f) interior lighting power calculations
The system performance interior lighting power allowance
(ILPA) shall be calculated in accordance with Equation 6-5.
T. he ILPA shall include a 0.20 W/ftz allowance for unlisted
spaces.
ILPA = (LPB, + LPB1 + + LPB,) +
0.20 W/ft' x (Unlisted Space Areal
where:
Equation 6-5
ILPA Interior Lighting Power Allowance [W/ftz]
Unlisted Space Area (GLA - Total Area of Listed Spaces)
(ft']
GLA = Gross Lighted Area [ft']
LPB = Lighting Power Budget (W]
n = The number of spaces for which LPBs have been
calculated.
-52-
Table 6-6a
9yae® Parlo^-'-^^• Gait Lightiaq Power Liloranca (IIpD)
Ca®on ]lctivity araaa
IIDD L'PD 1993
Area/1lctivity W/!t' W/!t' Nota
Auditorium 1,5 1 4
Corridor
0.8
0.8 a
b
Classroom/Lecture Hall 2.0 1.0
Elec/Meeh Equipment Room
General 0.7 0.7 b
Contrci kooms 1.5 1 5 ,;,
Food Service
Fast Food/Cafeteria 1.3 O.B
Leisure Dining 2.5 1.4 c
Baz/Lounge 2.5 1.3 c
Kitchen 1.4 1 4
Recreation/Lounge 0.7 0.5
Stair
Active Traffic 0. 6 0.6
Emergency Exit 0. 4 0.4
Toilet ~ Washroom 0. 8 0.5
Garage _
Auto & Pedestrial Circulation 0. 3 0.25
Parking Area 0. 2 0.2
Laboratory 2. 3 2 2
Office Category 1: Enclosed offices, all open plan offices without partitions
or with partitions' lower than 9.5 ft. below the ceiling.
Reading, Typing and Filing 1.8 1.3 d
Drafting 2.6 2.2 d
Ar_ountina 2.1 1.8 d
Office Category 2: Open plan offices
' 900 square feet or larger with
partitions
3.5 to 4.5 feet below the ceiling. O ffices less than 90o squa re
feet shall use category 1.
Reading, Typing and Filing 1.9 1.5 b
Drafting 2.9 2.6 b
Acco•,::.tcng 2.4 2.1 b
Office Category 3: Open plan effices
' 900 square feet or larger with
partat.cas
higher than 3.5 feet below the ceilin g. Offices less than 900
srn:are feet shall use category 1.
Reading, Typ-nc and Fi'_ina -
c 1 „ b
D_ `-
Acco~.:nt_ng ~.- 2.4 b
• Nct less than 90~ of a:i wcrk stations s.`.a_1 be indiv_dually enclosed wak:
par_ctacns of at least tie height described. '
-53-
Tabl• 6-6a (eantiaued)
System Perlormaac• Uait Lighting Powr Allowane• (IIPD)
C~oa Activity Areas
~
93
Area/Activity W%ft' W/1t
Not•
Librazy
Audio Visual 1.1 1
1
Stack Area
1.5 .
a
1.5
Card File & Cataloging 1.6 0.8
Reading Area 1.9 1.0
Lobby (General)
Reception & Waiting 1.0 0.55
Elevator Lobbies O.B 0.4
Atzium (Multi-Story) `
First 3 Floors 0.7 0.4
Each Additional Floor 0.2 0.15
Common Activity Areas
Conference/Meeting Room 1.8 1.3 a
Computer/Office Equipment 2.1 2.1
Filing, Inactive 1.0 1.0
Mail Room 1.8 1.8
Lackey Room ~ Showez 0.8 0.6
Shop lNon-Industrial)
Machinery 2.5 2.5
Electrical/Electr.ynic 2.5 2.5
Painting 1.6 _
1.6
Cazpentry 2.3 2.3
Welding 1.2 1.2
Storage ~ Warehouse
Inactive Storage 0.3 0.2
Active Storage, Bulky 0.3 0.3
Active Storage, Fine 1.0 0.9
Material Handling 1.0 1.0
Unlisted Space 0.2 0.2
-54-
Tabl• 6-6b
9yatam parforaaaea bait Lightiaq porar 1-llovaaca (DPD)
8paeific 8uildiaga
D?D IIPD 1993
Araa/Activity M/f t' K/fN
Airport, eus and Rail Station
Baggage Area 1.0 0.75
Concourse/Main Thruway 0.9 0 .45
Ticket Counter 2.5 1 .3
Waiting fi Lounge Area 1.2 0 .6
Hank
Customer Area 1.1 0 .8
Banking Activity Azea 2.8 2 2
Barber & Beauty Parlor 2.0 1 .6
Church, Synagogue, Chapel
Worship/Congregational 2.5 1 .3
Preaching & Sermon/Choir 2.7 1 .8
Dormitory
Bedroom 1.1 0 .6
Bedroom with Study 1.4 1 .3
Study Hall 1.8 0. 9
Fire 6 Police Department
Fire Engine Room 0.7 0. 7
Jail Cell 0 8 0 4
Hospital/Nursing Home
Corridor 1.3 0. 9
Dental Suite/Exam/Treat 1.6 1 4
Emergency
~ 2.3 2. 0
:.aboratory 1 . 9 1 . 7
lounge/Waiting Room 0.9 0. 6
Medical Supplies 2 4 2 4
Nursery 2.0 1. 6
Nurse Stati or. 2.1 1. 8
Oc ca.!physical Therapy 1
6 1
Patient Room .
1.4 .
0. 4
9
pharmacy 7 5
Radiciogy 2
i
SurOiCd- n O.E. SuiLeS . 1. 8
General Area ... 1. 8
Onezating Room ,.~ E. C
Recovery - 3
2.
G
NOta
b
Tabl• 6-6b (continued)
System Perlormane• Qnit Lighting Power Allowaae• (IIpD)
Specific Buildinq•
Area/Activity QPD
W/!t' DPD 1993
'
w/!t No e•
Hotel/Conference Center
Banquet Room/Multipurpose 2
4
Bathroom/Powder Room .
1
2 1.4
a
. 0.6
Guest Room 1 4
0.7
Public Area 1.2 O.B
Exhibition Hall 2
6
. 1.3
Conference/Meeting 1
8
Lobby .
1.9 1 5
1.3 a
Reception Desk 2.4 2 4
Laundry
washing 0.9 0.6
_ Zroninq fi Sorting 1.3 1.3
Museum & Gallery
General Exhibition 1.9 1 2
Inspection/Restoration 3.9 3 0
Storage (Artifaeta)
Inactive 0.6 0.25
Active 0 7
0.5
Poet Office
Lobby 1.1 0.8
Sorting 6 Mailin, 2.1 2.1
Service Station/Auto Repair 1.0 0.8
Theater
Performance Arta 1.5 1.1
t~fotion Picture 1.0 0.75
Lobby 1.5 1.0
Retail Establishments (Marchandisinq 6 Circulation Area) Applicable to all
lighting, includlag accaat and display lighting, installed in marchandiaing
and circulation areas.
Tie A 5.6 6.0 e
'h'Pe B 4.0 3.5 e
~YPe C 3.3 2.7 e
1~'Pe D 3.1 2.5 e
TYPe E 2.8 2.4 e
Mall Concourse 1.4 0.6
Retail Support Areas
Tailoring 2.1 2.1
Dressing/Fitting Rooms 1.4 1.1
TYPe F 2.7 2.7 e
-5 6-
Tabl• i-ic
8yetea 9erioraaaoe bait Lightiaq Paws Allownoe (DYD)
DPD OTD 1993
x/!e° x/!e' Noce
Iadoor Athletic Area'
Seating Area, All Sports O.a 0.4
Badminton
Club 0.5 0.5
Tournament O.i 0.8
Basketball/Volleyball
intramural 0.8 0.9
College 1.3
1.3
Profeesional 1.9 1.9
Bowling
Approach Area 0.5
0.5
Lanes 1.1 1.1
Boxing oz wrestling (platform)
Amateur
~.4
2.4
Prof eseional 4
8
. 4.8
Gymnasium
General Exercising i _
Recreation Only 1.0 1.0
Handball/Racquetball/Squash
Club
1.3 1.3
Tournament ~
6
. 2.6
Hockey, ice
Amateur 1
3
College or Professional .
2
6 1.3
. 2.6
Skating Rink
Recreational 0
6
Exhibition/Professional .
2
6 0.6
. 2.6
Sw:mr..ing
kecreat.onal 0
9
Exhiba:or. . 0.9
Daderwater 1 . 5 1 . 5
1 0 1 0
': en:: s
kecreauonal Klass I:J 1
3
Z~-~~^. cliege .G ass ::;
~ . 1.3
Pr cf ess:onai iC:ass : i.9
1.9
2.6 2.6
~_ :..-_, ':able
.~Gb
'- ~ 1.G
c _r :ame^ : 1. 6 1. 6
-57-
Notes for Table 6-6
a. A 1.5 adjustment factor is applicable for multi-Functional s
a
b.
Area
Factor of 1. p
ces.
0 shall be used for these spaces.
c. Base UPD includes lighting power required for cleanup purpose.
3. Area Factor shall not exceed 1.55.
See Article 3 Def initicns for classificacicn of Recall Establishments.
E. Area Factor of 1. 0 shall be used for all indoor achlec~c spaces.
-58-
Divi~ioa 7. (R~~~sv~d]
-59-
Divisioa 8. Building Envelope
Sec. _.8.1 Scope.
(a) :..".e requirements of this Division apply to all buildings o
por*_ions of buildings which provide shelter or facilities -
for human occupancy unless exempted by Section _ .2.2 or
Section _ .2.3. The requirements apply to new buildings
and to additions which increase the floor space of existing
buildings.
(b) Exception.
Buildings or portions of buildings with open walls or other
permanently open elements of the building envelope.
- Sec. .8.1 Geaeral.
(a) Compliance.
The building envelope is in compliance with the requirements
of this Division when all of the following conditions are
met: _
(1) The regv..ired Calculation Procedures of Section _ .9.3
are uses, and the Basic Requirements (air leakage and
comfort ventilation) of Section _.8.3 are satisfied;
(2) Opaque roof surfaces are in compliance with the
prescriptive criteria, Section _.8.4;
(3) Opaque wall surfaces are in compliance with the
prescriptive criteria, Section _.8.4 or,
alternatively, the entire wall (including glazing) is
in compliance with the system performance criteria,
Section _.8.5;
(4) Vertical glazing is in compliance with the prescriptive
criteria, Section _.8.4, or alternatively, the entire
wall (including opaque) is in compliance with the
system performance criteria, Section _.8.5; and
-60-
(5) Horizontal glazing is in compliance with the
prescriptive criteria, Section .8.4.
(b) Climate.
If local building site climate data is not available, climate
data from a nearby location with a similar climate may be used.
Sec. _.8.3 Calculatioa procedures sad basic sequirss»ats.
(a) Overall thermal transmittance (U,)
The overall thermal transmittance of the opaque portioa of walls
and roofs shall be calculated in accordance with Equation B-1.
Equation B-1
E U;A1 UlA, + UiAz + ... + II„A„
U, _ _
A, Ao
Where:
vo The area-weighted average thermal transmittance of the
opaque wall or roof (Btu/h-ft'-•FJ.
A, The gross area of the opaque elements of the wall or
roof [ft';. (See subsection (c).)
U, = The thermal transmittance of each individual element
of the envelope assembly with a unique U-value [Btu/h-
ft'-•F) (see subsection (b). Equal to 1/R, (where R, is
the total resistance to heat flow of an individual
path through an envelope assembly).
A: _ The area of the element of the envelope assembly which
has U-value, U; [f t') .
.. Thermal transmittance (Ui).
The thermal transmittance of each individual element of the
envelope assembly shall be determined with due consideration of
sur'_ace conductances and all major series and parallel heat flow
paths.
Gross area cf opaque envelope components
_ The gross area o: an opaque roof surface consists of the
rota'. surface o: the roof assembly exposed to outside air or
-61-
unconditioned spaces. The opaque roof assembly shall
exclude skylight surfaces, service openings, and overhangs.
(d)
(2) The gress area of opaque exterior wall surfaces is measured
on the exterior and includes becween-floor spandrels,
peripheral edges of flooring and door areas. The opaque
wall surface excludes vents, grilles, pipes and windows.
Relative solar heat gain (RSHG)
(1) The vertical fenestration solar heat gain limits are
expressed in terms of maximum relative solar heat gain
(RSHG). Relative solar heat gain shall be calculated as
determined in this section. When a fenestration system
includes an overhang or sidefins, then the RSHG shall be
calculated with either Equation 8-2 for an overhang or
Equation a-3 for sidefins. For a single window, either the
overhang multiplier, OHM, or the sidefin multiplier, SFM,
but not both, may be used for shading credit.
Equation 8-2
RSHGi SCgI:,, x
or
I Sprov. a
RSHG, SC91~,, x x SC,~r,, x SFMi
I Sa.r, i
Where:
RSHG; = Relative solar heat gain.
Equation B-3
SC„~,~= Shading coefficient of the glass alone taken from the
manufacturer~a literature.
ISo~ = Interior and/or integral shade shading coefficient
adjustment, based on the proposed type of shade and
the type of glass. Equal to the ratio of the shading
coefficient with shades to the shading coefficient of
the glazing alone (SCy,.). As a default, ZSP~. may be
assumed to equal ISa.r. (then ISo~./IS~r. = 1.0).
(unitlese)
IS,.r Default shading coefficient adjustment. For a
medium-colored venetian blind with the proposed
I SPA, ,
X SC.,,~, ~ x OHM1
ISa.t, i
-62-
glazing. Equal to the ratio of the shading
coefficient of the fenestration with a medium- colored
venetian blind to the shading coefficient of the
glazing alone. (unitless)
SC.,,~ Shading coefficient of exterior shade screens or
louvers. Default is 1.0. (unitleae)
OHM; Overhang Multiplier. Calculated as a function of
Overhang Projection Factor, OPF. From Equation 8-4 or
Table 8-3.
SFM, = Sidefin Multiplier. Calculated as a functioa of the
Sidefin Projection Factor, SPF. From Equation 8-5 or
Table a-4.
The overhang and sidefin multipliers are calculated with the
following equations.
Equation 8-4
OHM; = 1 + a; x OPF; + b; x OPF;=
Where:
OHM Overhang Multiplier.
OPF Overhang Projection Factor. The maximum value alloweca
for credit is 1.5. From Equation 8-6.
a, b = Coefficients which depend on orientation. From Table
8-1.
Equation 8-5
SFM; 1 + c; x SPF, + d; x SPF;'
Where:
SFM = Sidefin Multiplier.
SPF Sidefin Projection Factor. The maximum value allowed
for credit is 1.5. From Equation 8-7.
c, d = Coefficients which depend on orientation. From Table
8-2.
-63-
Tabl• 8-1 - Overhang Multiplier Coefficients
Orientation a b
Nor~h -0.440 0.123
East, West and South -0.840 0.245
Tabl• 8-2 - Sidefin Multiplier Coefficients
Orientation
c
d ,
North -0.81 0.27
East -0.51 0.13
South -0.65 0.16
West -0.61 0.16
The overhang and sidefin projection factors are calculated
using the following equations.
Equation 8-6
Where:
OPF=A/B
OPF = Overhang Projection Factor.
A = Horizontal projection of overhang.
B = Height of overhang. The vertical distance between
the bottom of the overhang and the bottom of the
window.
Note: Overhangs shall extend the full width of the window
to receive credit for shading.
Equation 8-7
where:
SPF=A/B
SPF Sidefin Projection Factor.
-64-
A sidefin depth, measured perpendicular to the
window surface. If the left and right sidefins
have different depths, then A is the average of
the two depths.
B - Distance between sidefins. If the window width is
less than the sidefin spacing, then the average of
the distance between the left sidefin and the
right edge of the window and the distance between
the right sidefin and the left edge of the window
may be used. The average provides a larger SPF
and, therefore, a larger sidefin credit.
Note: sidefins shall extend the full height of the window
to receive credit for shading.
A single sidefin shall receive shading credit if, for window
orientations between true north and either true east or
west, the sidefin is on the south aide of the window.
Similarly, for windows facing between true south and east or
west, a single sidefin is eligible for credit if it is on
the north side of the window.
-65-
Table 8-3 - Overhang Multiplier, OFIIK
Eaet, Wsst
Overhang Projection Factor North and South
0.0 - 0.1 1.00 1.00
0.1 - 0.2 0.96 0.92
0.2 - 0.3 0.92 0.84
0.3 - 0.4 0.88 0.77
0.4 - 0.5 0.84 0.70
0.5 - 0.6 0.81 0.64
0.6 - 0.7 0.78 0.58
0.7 - 0.8 0.75 0.53
0.8 - 0.9 0.73 0.48
0.9 - 1.0 0.70 0.44
1.0 - 1.1 0.68 0.40
1.1 - 1.2 0.66 0.37
1.2 - 1.3 0.65 0.34
1.3 - 1.4 0.64 0.32
1.4 - 1.5 0.62 0.30
Note: Equation a-4 for OHM may be used to provide slightly
greater credit for overhangs than the values in this table.
-66-
Tabl• 8-4 - Sidafia !lultipliar, BFIt
Sidafia 8ldafia liultipliar
Projactioa
Factor North South
scat Meat
0.0 - 0.1 1.00 1
00
0.1 - 0.2 p,92 .
0
95 1.00 1.00
0.2 - 0.3
0.85 .
0
90 0.94 0.94
0.3 - 0.4
0.78 .
0
86 0.88 0.88
0.4 - 0.5
0.72 .
0
82 0.82
0.83
0.5 - 0.6
0.66 .
0
78 0.76 0.78
0.6 - 0.7
0.61 .
0
74 0.71
0.74
0.7 - 0.8
0.56 .
0
71 0.67 0.69
0.8 - 0.9 0.52 .
0
68 0.62 0.65
0.9 - 1.0
0.49 .
0
65 0.58 0.62
1.0 - 1.1
0.46 .
0
62 0.54
0.58
1.1 - 1.2
0.43 .
0
60 0.51 0.55
1.2 - 1.3
0.41 .
0
57 0.48 0.53
=•3 - 1.4 0.40
- .
0
56 0.45 0.50
1.4 - 1.5
0.39 .
0
54 0.43 0.48
. 0.40 0.47
Note: Equation a-5 far SFM may be used to provide slightly
greater credit for sidefins than the values in this table.
-67-
2) Exterior Shading ~evices. Exterior louvers or exterior
sunscreens shall be allowed for compliance is the RSHG
calculations in subsection (d). In Equation e-2 or
Equation 8-3 an exterior shading device shall be
described either by its shading coefficient (SC~,~; or
by its overhang multiplier (OHM) or sidefin multiplier
(SFM) Automatic or manually operable Louvers shall be
assumed to have an Overhang Projection Factor (for
horizontal louvers) or Sidefin Projection Factor (for
vertical louvers) of 1.0. Projection factors for fixed
louvers and sunscreens shall be calculated as the ratio
of louver width to louver spacing (see Equations a-6
and 8-7).
(e)
(3) Interior Shading Devices. Interior shading devices
shall be allowed for compliance with the RSHG
requirements in accordance with Equations 8-2 or 8-3.
Air leakage and comfort ventilation.
All. R-1 occupancy buildings shall meet the requirements of
subdivision (1) for Comfort Ventilation. In addition,
conditioned spaces in R-1 occupancy buildings and in R-3
occupancy buildings equipped with central air conditioning
systems shall meet the requirements of subdivision (1) and
the Air Leakage requirements of subdivision (2).
Conditioned spaces in commercial build;ngs shall comply with
subdivision (2). Unconditioned spaces in commercial
buildings shall comply with either subdivision (1) or
subdivision (2).
(1) Comfort Ventilation.
(A) When compliance with this section is required
under subsection (e), then habitable spaces and
working spaces shall meet the following
requirements. Kitchens are exempt from this
section.
(i) Louvers or door catches which allow doors to
be held open shall be provided for interior
-68-
doors. This requirement does not apply to
hotel and motel guest room entry doors;
(ii) A minimum of two operable openings to outside
shall be provided on opposite or adjacent
walls. Operable openings include operable
windows, sliding glass doors, louvers and
entry screen doors (if entry door is provided
with door catches). For spaces with only one
external wall, two windows on either side of
a wing wall may be used; and
(iii) The minimum total free area for ventilation
in each space shall be equal to 12 percent of
floor area. No more than 70 percent of the
total free area may be placed on one wall.
For spaces employing a wing wall, no more
than 70 percent of the total free area may be
placed on one side of the wing wall.
(S) Exceptions
(i) Spaces with wiring provided for ceiling fans.
In each space, a minimum of one ceiling fan
cutlet shall be provided for each 400 ft~ of
floor area. When more than one outlet is
reQ~ired within a space, the outlets s:~.all be
uni.`ormly distributed throughout the room.
Wiring shall enable wall-mounted fan
controls;
(ii) Hotel/motel guest rooms that are air
conditioned;
!iii) Spaces employing innovative natural
ventilation designs which do not comply with
this section, but which can be shown throuch
analysis or demonstration to provide adea_uate
air movement cr temperature and humidit~r
conditions for human comfort.
~~ Air Leakage. Conditioned spaces shall meet the
fcllowina criteria for miniTizing air leakage.
-65-
(A) The conditioned space shall be enclosed.
Conditioning of urenclosed spaces is allowed ~n:y
under the provisions of Section _ .9.3(j);
(B) Fenestration and doors enclosing conditioned spat=
shall be weatherstripped or otherwise tightly
sealed to minimize air leakage. Operable windows
shall be capable of being tightly closed.
Openings which may be closed but not tightly
sealed, such as jalousie windows or louvers, may
account for up to 2 percent of the wall area
enclosing the space;
(C) Commercial entrances enclosing conditioned space
shall be revolving or self closing doors to
minimize air leakage; and
(D) Exterior joints, cracks and holes in building
envelope components enclosing conditioned space
shall be caulked, gasketed, weatherstripped or
otherwise sealed to prevent air leakage.
(f) Roof heat gain factor (RHGF).
The solar heat gain limits for opaque roof constructions are
expressed in terms of the Roof Heat Gain Factor (RHGF) which
is described in Equation a-8. The maximum allowed limits
are listed in Section .8.4(a).
-70-
aquation 8-8
RXGF. Ur x C x RB
Where:
RHGF Roof Heat Gain Factor. [Btu/ft'-h-•F7.
U: overall thermal transmittance value for the gross
area of opaque roof surfaces, as defined in
subsection (c). [Btu/f t'-h-•F].
o = roof surface absortivity. Between 0.3 and 1.0
tunitless].
~ = Radiant Barrier credit. Equals 0.33 if a radiant
barrier is installed and 1.00 otherwise
[unitless]. Radiant barrier installation shall
comply with subsection (g) to qualify for credit.
(g) Radiant barrier eligibility
To qualify for the radiant barrier credit (RB) described in
subsection (f), the installation of the radiant barrier
shall meet the following criteria:
(1) The emissivity of the radiant barr_er shall be less
than or equal to 0.10. The manufacturer shall provide
test data or documentation of the emissivity using ASTM
E-408, Tes: Method For Total Normal Emittances of
Surfaces IIs_ag Inspection Meter Techniques, ASTM
Philadelphia, PA 19103.
~' The radiant barrier shall be securely installed in a
permanent manner using one of the following four
installation methods.
(A; Draped with the shiny side facing down over the
top ccrd of the truss before the roof deck is
installed. A minimum air gap of 3/4 inch shall be
provided between the radiant barrier and the roof
-71-
(2) Exception.
Roofs which are completely shaded from direct sunlight o=
attics with one square foot of free area for ventilation per
ten square feet of attic floor area shall be exempt from the
requirement in subsection (a).
(b) Opaque wall surfaces
(1) The overall thermal transmittance value (U,) for the
gross area of opaque wall surfaces, as defined in
Section _.8.3, shall be leas than or equal to 0.15 for
metal framed walla and 0.10 for all others.
Alternatively, the R-value of insulation shall be
greater than or equal to R-11.
(2) Exceptions
(A) Walls with a heat capacity greater than 7.5
Btu/•F-f t' of wall surface area;
(B) Portions of opaque walla completely shaded from
direct sunlight by an overhang, adjacent building
or feature of the landscape such as a hill or
cliff. The wall must be shaded all day,
throughout the year;
(C) Walls shaded by overhangs with a projection factor
greater than or equal to 0.2 on north facing walls
or 0.3 on all other orientations. The projection
factor equals the ratio of the horizontal
projection of the overhang to the height of the
wall (measured as the vertical distance from the
bottom of the wall to the bottom outer edge of r~=
overhang);
(D) Walls enclosing spaces which are not air
conditioned.
= Vertical glazing
= '."he Relative Solar Heat Gair. (RSHG) of vertical
fenestration, as defined in Section _ .6.3(d), shall be
-73-
less than or equal to the appropriac_ value .n Tab~e
&-5 for low-rise residential buildings and Table 3-5
for all others. The maximum RSHG for north
orientations shall be based o^ the window-to-wail ra=~~
iwWR) for north-facing walls. The maximum RSHG for all
ether orientations shall be based on the combined wwR
_.,r east, west and south walls. Linear interpolation.
may be used to determine the maximum allowed RSHG for
WWR's which lie within one of the ranges.
(2) Exceptions.
(A) A window area of up to 2 percent of gross exterior
wall area may exceed the RSHG limits for any given
orientation;
(B) Low-rise residential buildings which are not
air-conditioned are exempt from the RSHG limits;
(C) Low-rise residential buildings in locations with
greater than 800 Heating Degree Days (base 65°F)
or with elevation greater than 2,500 feet above
sea level (where degree day data are not
available) are exempt from the RSHG limits;
(D) Individual windows may exceed the maximum RSHG
l.imi.t as long as the area-weighted average RSHG's
for both the north orientation and the combined
east, west and south orientations are less than or
equal to the maximum limit.
-74-
Table 8-5 - Maximum Aalativa Bolar 8aat Oala (RS80) for Low-Ria•
aaidaatisl 8uildiaga
sa.t, vP•at
North aad South
wwR ~v Max. RSBa xa:. RSBa
0 - 0.15 1.00 0.85
0.15 - 0.30 0.90 0.70
0.30 - 0.45 0.80 0.60
0.45 - 0.60 0.70 0.50
0.60 - 0.75 0.65 0.40
0.75 - 1.00 0.65 0.30
Tabls 8-6 - Maximum Ralativ Solar Haat Baia (RS80) for High-Ria•
Raaidaatial aad Moa-Raaid•atial BuildiaQa
scat, 1Paat
Korth aad South
WWR Raaga Max, RSBCi Max, RS83
0 - 0.15 0.85 0.65
0.15 - 0.30 0.85 0.45
0.30 - 0.45 0.65 0.30
0.45 - 0.60 0.50 0.25
G.60 - 0.75 0.40 0.20
G.75 - 1.00 0.40 0.20
.. Horizontal glazing (skylights)
_. The horizontal projection of skylight area shall be
limited to a maximum fraction of the horizontal
projection of roof area which is specified by the
fcliowing equation:
-75-
A = 0.025 / SC
where:
coat _ _.. 3 - 3
A = Kaximum allowed skylight area measured as the
skylight's horizontal projection. Expressed as a
fraction of the horizontal projection of roof area.
Shall be less than or equal to 0.15.
SC = Shading coefficient of skylight; may be from
manufacturer's literature.
(2) Exception.
Low-rise residential buildings that are not
- air-conditioned or those in locations with greater than
800 Heating Degree Days (base 65°F) or with elevation
greater than 2,500 feet above sea level (where degree
day data are not available).
Sec. _.8.5 Syetasis perlormaac• criteria.
(a) Purpose
This section provides a systems approach to compliance with
the wall and window requirements of this Code. This section
may be used instead of Sections _.8.3(b) and _.8.3(c).
(b) Compliance
(1) Walls of the building envelope are in compliance with
this subsection when the annual cooling energy flux
(ACEF) attributable to transmission and solar gain for
the proposed design is leas than the ACEF of the
reference design. The ACEF shall be calculated using
the methods of subsection (c).
(2) The reference building and proposed design are defined
as follows:
-76-
Surface Areas and Orientation. Walls of the reference
building shall have the same gross surface areas and
orientations as walla in the proposed design. Glazing
area and orientation of the reference building shall be
identical to the proposed design.
Shading Coefficients (SC,). The shading coefficient of
glazing in the reference building shall be equal to the
Relative Solar Heat Gain requirements of Section
_.8.4(c) for each window orientation.
Projection Factor (PF). The projection factor of
reference building shall be zero (no overhangs) for all
window orientations.
Visible Transmittance (VT). The vi _ble transmittance
of glazing in the reference buildi:._ shall be equal to
the RSHG requirement of Section _ .8.4(c) for each
orientation minus 0.25. The visible transmittance
shall not be less than zero.
Glazing Thermal Transmittance (U,r). The Glazing
thermal transmittance in the reference building shall
be equal to 1.21 Htu/h-ft'-'F.
Opaque Wall Thermal Transmittance (Wall U,). The
thermal transmittance of opaque wall surfaces in the
reference building shall be equal to the requirement
specified in Section _ .8.4(b) for all orientations.
Wall Heat Capacity (HC). Wall heat capacity in the
reference design shall be equal to 1.0.
Equipment Power Density (EQUIP). The equipment power
density in W/ft~ of the reference building shall be
ecual to that in the proposed design. The equipmen~
power density in the proposed design is average
receptacle power density in W/ft', considering
diversity, in the activity areas within 15 v
exterior wall. ft e_ each
_° the equipment power dens• i
proposed design, use a value from Table~13-~2~for~bcth
_~-7_
the reference building and the proposed design. .f _-_
building occupancy is not known, use 0.5 W/ft' _°or 'cct-
the reference design and the proposed design.
Lighting Power Density (LIGHTS). The lighting power
3ersity in W/ft' of the reference building shall be
equal to that in the proposed design. The lighting
power density in the proposed design is the average for
activity areas within 15 ft of each exterior wall.
If the lighting power density is not known for the
proposed design, select a value from Table 6-5 for both
the reference building and the proposed design. ~f the
building occupancy is not known, use 1.5 W/fit' for both
the reference building and the proposed design.
Daylighting Control Factor (DLCF). The daylighting
control factor (DLCF) for the reference design shall be
determined from Equation a-10 for each orientation.
The DLCF for the reference design shall not be greater
than 1.0.
-78-
Equation 8-10
DLCFnr WWRp,,„P x 1.67
Where:
DLCF~,r The daylighting control factor (DLCF) for the
reference building.
~ - The window wall ratio of the propooed design for
each orientation.
The daylighting control factor (DLCF) for the propooed
design shall be equal to the ratio of daylighted perimeter
to total perimeter and shall be calculated separately for
each orientation. The daylighted perimeter includes the
width of windows and ae much ae three feet of wall to the
left and right of windows. This may be determined from
Equation 8-11. The DLCF for the proposed design shall not
be greater than 1.0.
Equation 8-11
DLCFy~,y -= E (P,. + PK + P„ ~ ) ~ P
Where:
DLCFp~,D Da li htin control factor for the
y g g proposed design
for each orientation.
P~ = Width of each window on each orientation.
PK = Daylighted area to the right of each window
on each orientation. This shall be the
lesser of three feet, half the distance to
the next window or the distance to a wall in
the room or space that is perpendicuia~ tc
the building perimeter.
P,_ = Daylighted area to the left of each window on
each orientation. Similar to P,,,r.
t: = The total perimeter on each orier.taticn.
-79-
Loads from Occupants. Sensible icad from occupants in the
reference building shall be equal to that of the proposed
design. The default is 0.5 W/ftz.
(c) Equation for annual cooling energy flux (ACEF)
This section contains the external wall equation for use in
determining external wall cumulative annual cooling energy
flux and for determining compliance with the Systems
Performance method of this section.
Seven individual terms are identified that correlate
variables with physical meaning such as U-values,~internal
gains, and weather related variables.
CLU,
CLUO,
CLXUO: Terms that correlate the cumulative annual cooling
loads with the thermal transmittance of the wall.
CLM: Term that correlates the cumulative annual cooling
loads with the heat capacity of the wall.
CLG: Term ghat correlates the cumulative-annual cooling
loads with. the internal gains from occupant light and
equipment.
CLS: Term that correlates the cumulative annual cooling
loads with the incident solar gains.
CLC: Term that correlates the cumulative annual cooling
loads with the climate variables for a specific
location.
(1) Cooling Equation
-80-
Equation 8-12
WC~ or C~ - ~ (CLUO; + CLXUO;
+ CLG; + CLS; + CLC; + £ (CLU,,~ + CLM, y ) ]
If WC~ or C: ~ 0.0, then WC~ or C, is set equal to 0.0.
Where
Subscripts
i = matrix consideration for each given orientation
j matrix consideration for each wall mass construction type
for the given orientation
Indices
m = number of wall construction types per orientation
n = number of wall orientations
Variables
CLUO, = FC, x UOC,[CUOi, x EA, x VS, x CDD50 + CUO2, x G, + CUO3,
x G,~ x EA,' x VS, x CDD50 + CUO4, x G,~ x EA,~ x VS, x
CDD65]
C:.XUO_. = FC,(1/UOC_)[CXUO1, x EA, x VS, x CDD50 + CXUO2, x EA.(VS_.
x CDD50)~ + CXUO3, x G: x CDD50 + CXUO4_. x G_.' x EA_.' x
VS, x CDD50 + CXUOS, x G;` x CDD65]
CLG, = FC,{G,(CG1, + CG2, x CDD50 + CG3, x EA,(VS, x CDD50)~ +
CG4. x EA.` x VS, x CDD50 + CGS, x CDD65 + CG6, x C~^50'
+ CG7. x CDD65'] + G,z[CGB, x EA_. x VS_. x CDD50 + CG 9. x
EA;= x VS, x CDD50]}
CLS. = FC_{EA,(CS1, + CS2, x VS, x CDD50 + CS3_(VS, x CDD50)' +
CS4, x VS, x CDD65 + CSS,(VS._ x CDD65)`] + EA_=;CS6_
-ei-
CLC; FCi(CC1, x CDD50 + CC2; x CDD502 + CC3; x CDH80 CC4; x
CDH80~ + CCS._ x CDD65 + CC5_(VS, x CDD65)= CC7. x YS.
x CDD50 + CCB;(VS, c CDDSOi` + CC9,(VS; x CDH80)~ +
CC'~0_ x VS, + CCli: x DR + CC12_ x DR2 + CC13;J
CL'J. FO. x U,,,,; (CU1; x CDH80 + CU2; x CDH80z + CU3; (VS; x
CDH80)2 + CU4; x DRJ
CLM;,; = FO. x CMC,,;(CM1; + CM2; x EA; x VSO x CDD50 + CM3: x EA._
x VS; x CDD65 + CM4~ x EA,2 x VSO x CDD50 + CMS, x G,= x
CDD65 + CM6, x G; x CDD50 + CM7, x G_ x CDD65 + CMB. x ,^,.
x EA; x VSi x CDD50]
Note: The coefficients for various orientatigns in the
above equations are shown in Table a-8.
Climate data
CDD50 = Cooling degree-days base 50'F
CDD65 = Cooling degree-days base 65•F
CDH80 Cooling degree-hours base 80•F
DR = average daily temperature range for warmest month
VS; annual average daily incident solar energy on facade
under consideration, Btu/(ftl-day)
Building Data
FC, = ratio, wall area (opaque and glazed) of zone under
consideration divided by total wall area (opaque and
glazed) of all zones
FO,,; = ratio, opaque wall area of zone under consideration
divided by total wall area (opaque and glazed) of all
zones. if multiple mass constructions are present, the
FO1,~ is calculated for each construction j and used to
form the area weighted mass correction
-82-
U,..,, - area average U-value of opaque walla (including those
of mans construction) in zone under consideration,
Btu/(h-ft'-•F)
UOC, area average U-value of wall (o a
evaluated under cooling conditione)einnzoneaunder
consideration, Btu/(h-ft'-•F).
WPTR, - window wall ratio for zone under consideration; defined
as fenestration area divided by total wall area (opaque
and glazed)
~+~ = effective aperture fraction for zone under
consideration, where:
Equation 8-13
EA1 ~ wWR; x RSHG;
and
RSHG, = the relative solar heat gain for the fenestration in a
given orientation, as determined from Section
Internal Load
-83-
'here
G, = effective internal gain (W/ft') for zone under
consideration.
E,,, = equipment power, from subsection (b).
Lp„ = lighting power, from subsection (b).
0,,, = occupant load adjustment, from subsection (b).
R,,; = for a specified orientation, the ratio of the
_ daylighting area of the space to the total area of the
space.
-84-
Equation 8-15
FCa,; = 5.871 (WWR; x VLT; x OHM; ) - 13.311 (WFTR; x VLTi x OHM; ) _
If WWR1 x VLT; x OHMt is greater than 0.22, then ICd,i is set equal
to 0.647.
Where
A1WR, = as defined above under Building Data.
vLT~ visible light transmittance of the glazing material, as
defined in subsection (b).
OHM, = Overhang multiplier, frog ection .8.3(d).
CMC,,, mass correction from Eq 6 .o. If multiple mass
constructions are present, then each CMC,,, is evaluated
separately and combined by area weighting. If the U-
value of the mass wall is greater than 0.40, then U,,, _
0.4 shall be used to calculate the CMC,,~. If the value
of HC is greater than 20, then HC = 20 shall be used to
calculate the CMC,y.
(2) Cooling Delta Load Factor Equations
Equation 8-16 is used to predict the Cooling Delta Load
Factor values.
-85-
CMC = Cooling Delta Load Pact~r =
CP
x CP_- CP;U
1 + (CPs + CPSU)exp[-(CP, + CPjU2)(HC-1i]
1.0
x _
0.7
Where:
HC = Wall Heat Capacity (Btu/ftz-°F).
U = wall U-Value (Btu/h-ftz-°F).
A (Cooling degree-hours base 80°F)/10,000 + 2 (°F-h).
B (Daily Range)/10 + 1(°F).
CP1 Cs
CPx = Cis/Bj + C16/ (A'Bz) + Cl, -
CP3 = Cl/A3 + CzB~ + C~/ (AzB) + C,
CPo = Ciz/ (AzBz) + Cis/Bz + Cu
CPs = CLe
CP6 C6H LN (A) + C,
LN Natural Logarithm
CP, = Cly/ (AzBz) + Czo/ (AB) + C21Az/B + Czz
CP, Cs/ (AzBz) + C9/ (AB) + Clo/ (AzB) + Cll
The coefficients C1 through Czz are taken from Table a-7.
-86-
Tables 8-7 CooliaQ D~ita Load Co~!lici~ata
Zasula._oa Poaitioa
Coa!liciaat =ztarior Iatagral Zatarior
C1
C=
C3
C,
CS
CE
C,
CB
C5
C:o
C;,
biz
C13
Cif
C_~
CiE
~.,
Cie
Cis
C=;
C-
~r
220.724503
-.056589
-118.835388
-13.674420
.236381
.959588
-.255004
-905.677979
425.191895
-2.510600
-43.387955
-259.723389
-33.975525
20.48fl235
-26.209152
-241.173386
18.897781
-.353790
156.305634
-74.098999
.445363
7.496696
139.105667
-.033991
-10.326704
-20.867386
.283882
.305851
.022622
-307.943848
80.209610
.049955
-5.989545
-11.396114
.366851
30.253494
8.833706
-22.254623
29.329697
-.023878
63.322754
-16.334656
-.011114
1.295576
181.616776
-.055196
-34.158966
-25.591934
.081029
1.418998
.432421
-1882.926758
443.195801
.430200
-28.285065
-63.562256
20.844650
9.817521
24.459824
-70.337494
9.884280
-.114646
326.344727
-77.635498
-.074788
5.204088
-87-
r,bl. o-•
Cooliaq
Co~lLSei mts North Saat Soueh w~~t
_-- ..]0::39 .....]3118 ].007153 :._;32.
_-2 •J.308548E-07 -;.895518E-07 -0.712393E-:' ;.3:'83:.-:-
__3 7.739493E-i7 7.379290E-17 ,..:93]93c-:} ;.3133:;E-:3
_74 -].]79647 0.163114 0.286498 0.11:78
CM1 :.32714 7.515262 0.71477 ],752643
CN2 ~.:57060E-06 0.178197E-OS 0.161630E-05 0.142228E-JS
CM3 -7.204122E-05 -0.160240E-08 -0.211063E-09 -0.197918E-;5
CM4 -0.753665E-06 -0.767849E-06 -0.664430E-06 -7. ?40067E-;5
CNS -0.100472E-OS 0 0.803057E-05 7.715133E-CS
CM6 0.366708E-04 0.356907E-04 0.448106E-04 ;.:iSJ.ia-;;
'717 -0.673045E-04 -0.640978E-04 -0.000113 -7.7557;9E-;4
CMB -0.238335E-07 -0.472534E-07 -0.497469E-07
,^JO1 -0.651094E-08 -0.838669E-08 -0.888996E-OS -0.756465E-J5
CV02 -1.040207 -1.507275 -1.512619 -1.238545
C1;03 -0.438254E-05 -0.278828E-OS -0.231352E-OS -0.41256?E-]5
CU04 0.126580E-04 0.809874E-OS 0.736219E-05 7.106712E-04
CXU01 7.103744E-08 0.119338E-05 0.118588E-05 0.123251E-08
CXU02 -0.132180E-12 -0.134656E-12 -0.116252E-12 -0.130002E-12
C]RJ03 0.275554E-04 0.202621E-04 0.202365E-04 0.236964E-04
CXU04 0.974090E-07 0.117514E-06 0.979207E-07 0.176276E-06
CXV05 -0.118247E-04 -0.909694E-OS -0.909192E-08 -0.111077E-04
CG1 0.891286 0.983788 0.393756 0.948654 •
CG2 0.001479 0.001931 0.002081 0.001662
CG3 -0.552042E-12 -0.292139E-12 -0.284766E-12 -0.455720E-12
CG4 0.252311E-OS 0.370821E-05 0.430536E-05 0.591511E-05
CGS -0.001151 -0.001745 -0.001864 -0.00153
CG6 0.195243E-11 0 -0.296055E-11 0.316358E-11
CG7 -0.83SBOSF.-11 O.lOlOB9H-10 0.330027E-10 0
CGB 0.141022E-OS 0.757875E-06 0.713300E-06 0.970752E-00
~Gg -0.238837E ~C`.i -0.164961E-OS -0.167927E-05 -0.197353E~78
CS1 46.9871 33.9683 18.32016 29.3089
C52 0.348091E-04 0.374118E-04 0.340490E-04 0.502498E-04
CS7 0 0 0.271313E-11 0
CS4 -0.166409H-04 0.694779E-OS -0.282181E-04 -0.277158E-04
C55 0.8427658-11 0 -0.301677E-11 0.291177E-I1
_
CS6 -56.5446 0 26.9954 14.9771
C57 -0.134764E-30 -0.988097E-11 -0.650089E-11 -0.789218E-11
CC1 0.002747 0 0.010349 0.001865
CC2 0 0.319928E-06 -0.704413E-06 0
CC3 -0.000348 0.000719 0.00024 0.000565
CC4 0.122123 H-07 -0.775318E-07 -0.2714435-07 -0.544380E-07
CCS 0.012112 0.011894 0.013248 0.009236
CC6 0.104027E-11 -0.622661E-12 -0.205178E-11 0
CC7 -0.124013E-04 -0.706280E-09 -0.165377E-04 -0.602689E-08
CC8 0 0 0.8208698-12 0
CC9 -0.375797E-13 0.606235E-13 0.197598E-13 0.389425E-13
CC10 0.030056 0.023121 0.0269 0.01704
CC11 0 0 -0.271026 -0.244274
CC12 0.002138 0.001103 0.006768 0.007723
CC13 -12.8674 -13.16522 -18.271 -10.1285
-88~
Division 9. HeatiaQ, VeatilatiaQ sad Air ConditioainQ
(HW-C) eysts®s
Se-. _.9.1 Scope.
(a) The requirements
systems or system
buildings, unless
.2.3.
(b) Exception.
of this Division apply to all new HVAC
components in both new and existing
exempted by Section _,2,2 or Section
This Division does not apply to the maintenance and repair
of existing systems.
3sc. _.9.2 Oaneral.
The requirements in this Division represent minimum design
criteria.
Sec. _.9.3 Basic requiresiaats.
(a} Load calculations
(1) Calculation Procedures. Cooling system design loads
for the purpose of sizing systems and equipment shall
be determined in accordance with the procedures
described in the ASHRAE Handbook, 1989 Fundamentals or
a similar computation procedure. For those design
parameters addressed in (2) through (9), the values
specified shall be used.
(2; Indoor Design Conditions. Indoor design temperature
and humidity conditions for general comfort
applications shall be in accordance with the comfort
criteria established in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-1981
't'hermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy,
cr Chapter 8 of the ASHRAE Handbook, 1989 Fundamentals,
or both, except that winter humidificatior. and summer
dehumidification are not required.
-89-
(3) Outdoor Design Conditions. Outdoor design condi__cns
shall be selected from "Climatic Data for Region X
Arizona, Califcrn~a, Hawaii, Nevada", Golden Gace ar.~
Soutiern California Chapters, ASHRAE, Fifth Edition,
May 1982, or from data obtained from the National
Climatic Center or a similar recognized weather data
source. Cooling design temperatures shall be no
greater than the 0.5's annualized value.
(4) Ventilation. Outdoor air ventilation loads shall be
based on ventilation rates specified in subsecticn !°,
(5) Envelope. Envelope cooling loads shall be based on
envelope characteristics, such as thermal conductance,
shading coefficient, and air leakage, consistent wit:
the values used to demonstrate compliance with Bivision
8.
(6) Lighting. Lighting loads shall be based on actual
design lighting levels or power budgets consistent with
Division 6.
(7) Other Loads. Other HVAC system loads, such as those
due to people and equipment, shall be based on design
data compiled from one or more of the following
sources:
(A) Actual information based on the intended use of
the building;
(B) Published data from manufacturers' technical
publications;
(C) Technical society publications such as the ASHRAE
Handbooks, 1991 HVAC Applications and 1992 HVAC
Systems and Equipment;
(D) Alereza, ^Eatimatea of recommended heat gains due
to commercial appliances and equipment", ASHRAE
Transactions, Vol. 90, Pt 2A, pp. 25-58, 1984.
-90-
(E) Default values to be used in determining the
design energy budget in Article 13 are taken from
Tables 13-1, 13-2, and 13-4;
(F) Other data based on designers experience of loads
and occupancy patterns.
(8) Safety Factor. Design loads may, at the designer s
option, be increased by as much as 104 to account for
unexpected loads or changes in space usage.
(9) Pick-up Loads. Transient loads such as cool-down loads
which occur after off-hour setback or shutoff, may be
calculated from basic principles, based on the heat
capacity of the building and its contents, the level of
setback, and desired recovery time, or may be assumed
to be up to 104 of the steady-stare cooling design
loads. The steady-state load may _nclude a safety
factor in accordance with subdivision (B).
(b) Separate air distribution systems
(1) Zones with special process temperature requirements,
humidity requirements, or both, shall be served by
separate air distribution systems from those serving
zones requiring only comfort conditions, or shall
include supplementary provisions so that the primary
systems may be specifically controlled for comfort
purposes only.
(2) Exception.
Zones that require only comfort cooling
by a system primarily used for process
^umidity control, need not be served by
system if the total supply air to these
is no more than 254 of the total system
the total conditioned floor area of the
t an 1000 ft2.
and are served
:emperature and
a separate
ccr.:_rt zones
supply air, or
zones is less
-51-
c) Temoerature controls
'1'r System control. Bach HVAC system shall inc.~de at
least one *-emperature control device.
2i Zone controls.
(A; The supply of cooling energy to each zone shall be
controlled by individual thermostatic controls
responding to temperature within the zone.
(B) Exceptions
(i) Independent perimeter systems tha¢ are
designed to offset only envelope heat gains
may serve one or more zones also served by an
interior system, with the following
limitations:
1. The perimeter system shall include at
least one thermostatic control zone for
each building exposure having exterior
walls facing only one orientation for 50
contiguous feet or more;
2. The perimeter system cooling supply
shall be controlled by thermostat
located within the zone served by the
system.
(ii) A dwelling unit may be considered a single
zone.
(3) Thermostats shall be shaded from direct solar radiation
and shall be isolated from heat gain due to large
equipment and machinery.
(4) Where used to control comfort cooling, zone
thermostatic controls shall be capable of being set,
locally or remotely, by adjustment or selection of
sensors, up to 85•F or higher.
-92-
(d) Off-hour and interlock controls
(1) Off-hour controls
(A) FiVAC systems shall be equipped with automatic
controls capable of accomplishing a reduction of
energy use through control setback or equipment
shutdown during periods of non-use or alternate
use of the spaces served by the system.
(B) Exceptions.
(i) Systems serving areas expected to operate
continuously;
(ii) Where it can be shown that setback or
shutdown will not result in a decrease in
overall building energy costs;
(iii) Equipment with full load demands of 2 kW
(b 826 Btu/hr) or less may be controlled by
readily accessible manual off-hour controls;
(iv) Where process conditioning is required on a
24 hour basis.
(2) Systems that serve zones which can be expected to
operate non-simultaneously for more than 750 hours per
year shall include isolation devices and controls to
shut off or set back the supply of cooling to each zone
independently. Isolation is not required for zones
expected to operate continuously or expected to be
inoperative only when all other zones are inoperative.
For buildings where occupancy patterns are not known at
the time of system design, such as speculative
buildings, isolation areas may be predesignated.
Zones may be grouped into a single isolaticr, area
provided that the total conditioned floor area does nct
exceed 25,000 ft~ per group nor include more than one
co_ .
-93-
(3) Operable doors leading from a conditioned space tc.; a
balcony or patio in hotel or motel guest rooms shall be
provided with interlock controls to disable cooling cf
the space while the door is open.
(e) Dehumidification
where a humidistat is used for comfort dehumidification, it
shall be capable of being set to prevent the use of fossil
fuel or electricity to reduce relative humidities below 60g.
(f) Ventilation.
(1) Outdoor air ventilation rates shall not exceed the
minimum rates required by ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 by
more than 10Y.
(2) Exception.
Outdoor air quantities may be greater if required
because of special occupancy or process requirements,
source control of air contamination or local codes, or
if it can be shown that the additional outside air does
not increase overall building energy costs.
(g) Materials and construction
(1) Insulation required by subdivisions (2) and (3) shall
be suitably protected from damage. Insulation should
be installed in accordance with MICA Commercial and
Industrial Insulation Standards, 1983.
(2) Piping insulation.
(A) All FiVAC system piping shall be thermally
insulated in accordance with Table 9-1.
(B) Exceptions.
Piping insulation shall not be required in any of
the following cases:
-94-
Table 9-1 - r1na...~ Pipe Iasulatian (Iaches>•
Iasulatian
Camduetivity
Fluid nominal Pipe Diaater (ia)
DesiS7a Coed, Hess
Operatiap range, Ratiaq
Teak., stu•ia/ Teap., Runouts• 1 and 1.25 2.5 5 t
Range •F h•!t'••F •F np to 2 lees to 2 to 4 i 6 and up
Heating Systeau (Steam, Steam Conde:asate, and liot Watar)
Above 350 0.32-0.34 250 1.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 3.5
251-350 0.29-0.31 200 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.5 3.5
201-250 0.27-0.30 150 1.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.5
141-200 0.25-0.29 125 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
105-140 0.24-0.28 100 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5
Domestic sad Service xot Water°
105 and 0.24-0.28 100 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5
Greater
Cooling Systems (Chilled Water, Brine 6 Refrigerant)°
40-55 0.23-0.27 75 0.5 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.0 1.0
Below 40 0.23-0.27 75 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
a. For minimum thicknesses of alternative insulation types, see Sect ion
b. Runouts to individual terminal units not exceeding 12 ft in length.
c. Applies to recirculation sections of service or domestic hot water systems
and first B ft from storage tank for non-recirculating systems.
d. The required minimum thicknesses do not consider water vapor transmission
and condensation. Additional insulation and/or vapor retarders may be required
to limit water vapor transmission and condensation.
Alternative Insulation Types. Insulation thicknesses in Table
9-1 are based on insulation with thermal conductivities within
the range listed in Table 9-1 for each fluid operating
temperature range, rated in accordance with ASTM C 335-84 at
the mean temperature listed in the Table. For insulation that
has a conductivity outside the range shown in Table 9-1, for
the applicable fluid operating temperature range at the mean
rating temperature shown, when rounded to the nearest 1/100th
Btu•inch/h•°F•ft', the minimum thicknesses shall be determined
in accordance with Eq 9-1:
-95-
(i) Factory installed piping within HVAC
equipment tested and rated in accordance with
Section .10.3;
(ii) Piping that conveys fluids which have a design
operating temperature range between 55°F and
105°F;
(iii) Piping that conveys fluids which have not been
heated or cooled through the use of fossil
fuels or electricity;
(iv) Where it can be shown that the heat fain and/or
heat lose to or from piping without insulation
will not increase building energK costs.
Equation 9-1
Where
T =minimum insulation thiclcieas for material with conductivity K,
inches.
PR = pipe actual outside radius, in. -
t =insulation thiclaiess Pram Table 9-1, in.
K =conductivity of alternate material at the mean rating
temperature indicated in Table 9-1 for the applicable fluid
temperature range, Stu•ia/h•°F•ft'
k =for the applicable fluid tempe~rattuyrerr~angeliBteudin/h "Flft9-1
-96-
(3) Air handling system insulation.
(A) All air handling ducts and ple:.ums installed as part
of an HVAC air distribution system shall be
thermally insulated in accordance with Table 9-2.
(B) Exceptions
(i) Factory installed plenums, casings, or ductwork
furnished as a part of HVAC equipment tested
and rated in accordance with Section _ .10.3.
(ii) Where it can be shown that the heat gain to or
heat loss from ducts without insulation will
not increase building energy costs.
-97-
(iii) TIMA Fibrous Glass Duct Construction Standards,
1989.
(e) In addition to the above referenced standards, the
following are required:
(i) Leakage Teets. Ductwork which is intended to
operate at static pressures in excess of 3 in.
we shall be leak tented sad be in conformance
with sections of the HVAC Duct Leakage Test
Manual, as follows: Test procedures shell be
in accordance with those outlined in Se: ion 5
of the manual, or equivalent; teat reports
shall be provided in accordance with Section 6
of the manual, or equivalent; the tested duct
leakage class at a teat pressure equal to the
design duct pressure class rating shall be
equal to or leas than leakage class 6 as
defined in Section 4.1 of the manual. Leakage
testing may be limited to representative
ePCtions of the duct system but in no case
shall such tested sections include leas than
254 of the total installed duct area for the
designated pressure class.
(ii) Additional Sealing. Where supply ductwork an3
plenums that are intended to operate at static
pressures from 1/4 in. to 2 in. we inclusive,
are located outside of the conditioned space or
in return plenums, jc: s shall be sealed in
accordance with Seal :. as C, as
SMACNA manuals referer._ = above.
sensitive tape shall not be used
sealant where such ducts are int
operate at static pressures of 1
greater.
Energy recovery.
defined in the
Pressure
as the primary
ended to
in. we or
Ccnder.ser heat recovery from air conditioning or refrigeraticn
ecu~pmer,t is required fcr any single cooling system larger
=ha^- :~ toss cf cod ing capacity or compressor size of greater
tr.an 15 hp for buildings with service hot water heaters with
-59-
more than 75,000 Btu/h or 12 kw input rating, unless t^e
system can be shover. co be not cost effective over its
anticipated service life.
~,i, completion requirements
_; operating and maintenance manual. An operacirg and
maintenance manual shall be provided to the building
owner. The manual shall include basic data relatina_ t_
the operation and maintenance of HVAC systems and
equipment. Required routine maintenance actions sa11 'ce
clearly identified. where applicable, HVAC controls
information such as diagrams, schematics, control
sequence descriptions, and maintenance and calibration
information shall be included.
(2) Air system balancing
(A) Air system balancing shall be accomplished in a
manner to first minimize throttling losses, then fan
speed shall be adjusted to meet design flow
conditions. Balancing procedures shall be in
accordance with those established by the National
Environmental Balancing Bureau (NESS) Procedural
Standards (1983), the Association of Air Balancing
Council (AABC) National Standards (1982), cr
equivalent procedures.
(B) Exception.
Damper throttling may be used for air system
balancing with fan motors of 1 hp or less, or if
throttling results in no greater than 1/3 hp fan
horsepower draw above that required if the fan speed
were adjusted.
(3) Hydronic system balancing.
(A) Hydronic system balancing shall be accomplished in a
manner to first minimize throttling losses, then the
pump impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall
be adjusted to meet flow conditions.
-100-
(8) Exceptions.
Valve throttling may be used for hydronic system
balancing under any of the following conditions:
(i) Pumps with pump motors of 10 hp or leas;
(ii) If throttling results in no greater than three
(3) pump horsepower draw above that required if
the impeller were trimmed;
(iii) To reserve additional pump pressure capability
in open-circuit piping systems subject to
fouling. Valve throttling pressure drop shall
not exceed that expected for future fouling;
(iv) Where it can be shown that throttling will not
increase overall building energy costs.
(4) HVAC control systems shall be tested to assure that
control elements are calibrated, adjusted, and in proper
working condition.
(ji Cooling of unenclosed spaces.
(1) Cooling systems for unenclosed spaces shall meet the
following requirements:
(A) Cooling system capacity shall be no greater than 20
Btu/hr per ft' of floor area or 400 Btu/hr per
occupant, whichever is greater. The estimated
' number of occupants sha_1 be based on the intended
average occupancy and shall not exceed the Estimated
Maximum Occupancy listed in Table 2 of ASHRAE
Standard 62-1989.
(B) The floor area used to calculate the allowed cooling
capacity shall be limited by a perimeter defined as
follows:
(i) The perimeter shall not extend beyond the
location cf the ceiling air supply diffusers or
the throw of the side wall diffusers.
-iCl-
(ii) T. he perimeter shall be set back at least ~~
feet from the opening to the outside, which .s
defined by the outer edge of the ceiling ~_
overhanging roof.
(iii) The perimeter shall be bounded on at least c.-._
side by a permanent, ceiling-height physical
obstruction such as a wall or fixed window.
Sec. .9.4 Prescriptive Criteria.
(a) System and equipment sizing.
(1) HVAC systems and equipment shall be sized toyprovide no
more than the space and system loads calculated in
accordance with Section .9.3(a).
(2) Exceptions.
(A) Equipment capacity may exceed the design load
provided the equipment selected is the smallest size
needed to meet the load within available options of
the desired equipment line.
(B) Equipment whose capacity exceeds the design load may
be specified if oversizing the equipment can be
shown to not increase the overall annual energy
costs.
(C) Stand-by equipment may be installed if controls and
devices are provided which allow stand-by equipment
to operate automatically only when the primary
equipment is not operating.
(D) Multiple units of the same equipment type, such as
multiple chillers and boilers, with combined
capacities exceeding the design load may be
specified to operate concurrently only if controls
are provided that sequence or otherwise optimally
control the operation of each unit based on load.
(E) For a single piece of equipment which has both
heating and cooling capability, only the cooling
-102-
function need meet the requirements of this section.
Capacity for the heating function shall be, within
available equipment options, the smallest size
necessary to meet the load.
(b) Zone controls.
(1) Zone thermostatic and humidistatic controls shall
prevent:
(A) Reheating;
(B) Retooling;
(C) Mixing or simultaneous supply of air that has been
previously mechanically heated and air that has been
previously cooled;
(D) Other simultaneous operation of heating and cooling
systems to the same zone.
(2) Exceptions
(A) Variable aiz volume systems which, during periods of
occupancy, are designed to reduce the air supply to
each zone to a minimum before reheating, retooling,
or mixing takes place. This minimum volume shall be
no greater than the largest of the following:
(i) 30k of the peak supply volume;
(ii) The minimum allowed to meet ventilation
requirements of Section _ .9.3(f);
(iii) 0.4 cfm/ft~ of zone conditioned floor area;
!B) Zones where special pressurization relationships or
cross-contamination requirements are such that
variable air volume systems are impractical, such as
some areas of hospitals and laboratories;
-103-
(C) At least 758 of the energy for reheating or for
providing warm air in mixing systems is provided
from a site-recovered or site-solar energy source;
(D) Zones where specified humidity levels are required
to satisfy process needs, such as computer rooms a^~
museums. See Section _ .9.3(b);
(E) Zones with a peak supply air quantity of 30o cfm or
less.
(c) Fan system design criteria
(1) General.
(A) The following design criteria apply to all HVAC fan
systems used for comfort ventilating and/or air
conditioning. For the purposes of this section, the
energy demand of a fan system is the sum of the
demand of all fans which are required to operate at
design conditions to supply air from the cooling
source to the conditioned space(s) and return it to
the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
(B) Exceptions. _
(i) Syatema with total fan system motor power of 10
hp or lees;
(ii) Unitary equipment for which the energy used by
the fan is considered in the efficiency ratings
of Section .10.3;
(iii) For the purposes of subsection (c), total fan
energy demand need not include the additional
power required by air treatment or filtering
syatema with final preeaure drops in excess of
1.0 in. wc.
(2) Constant Volume Fan Syatema. For fan syatema which
provide a constant air volume whenever the fans are
operating, the power required by the motors for the
-104-
combined fan system at design conditions shall not exceed
0.8 W/cfm of supply air.
(3) Variable Air Volume (VAV) Fan Systems.
(A) For fan systems which are able to vary system air
volume automatically as a function of load, the
power required by the motors for the combined fan
system shall not exceed 1.25 W/cfm of supply aiz at
design conditions.
(B) Individual VAV fans with motors 25 hp and larger
shall include controls and devices necessary for the
fan motor to demand no more than 50t of design
wattage at SOt of design air volume, based on
manufacturers test dat.
(d) Pumping system design criteria
(1) General.
(A) The following design criteria apply to all HVAC
pumping systems used for comfort air conditioning.
For the purposes of subsection (d), the energy
demand of a pumping system is the sum of the demand
of all pumps which are required to operate at design
conditions to supply fluid from the cooling source
to the conditioned space(s) or heat transfer
devices (s) and return it to the source.
(B) Exception.
Systems with total pump system motor power of 10 hp
or less.
~` Friction Rate. Piping systems should be designed at a
friction pressure loss rate of no more than 4 feet of
water pez 100 equivalent ft of pipe. Note: Lower
friction rates may be required for proper r.cise cr
ccrresion ccntrcl.
Variable Flow.
-105-
(A) Pumping systems which serve control valves desicr~~
co modulate or step open and closed as a fnnct.oa ~_
Load, shall be designed for variable fluid f'.ow.
:he system shall be capable of reducing system f'. .w
co 50~ of design flow or Less. Blow may be varied
with variable speed driven pumps or staged multicLe
pumps.
(B) Exceptions.
(i) Dedicated equipment pumps separated frcm
modulation control valves in a
primary/secondary loop arrangement. Secondary
pumps shall comply with (A);
(ii) Systems that serve no more than one control
valve;
(iii) Systems that include supply temperature reset
controls in accordance with subsection (e)(2)
without exception;
(iv) Where the overall building energy costs
resulting from an alternative design can be
shown to be no more than_those from a variable
flow system.
(e) System tempera lure reset controls
(1) Air Systems.
(A) Syatema supplying cooled air to multiple zones shall
include controls which automatically reset supply
air temperatures by representative building loads or
by outside air temperature. Temperature shall be
reset by at least 25k of the design
supply-air-to-room-air temperature difference.
Zones which are expected to experience relatively
constant loads, such as interior zones, shall be
designed for the fully react supply temperature.
-106-
(B) Exceptions.
(i) Syetema which comply with subsection (b)
without using exceptions (2)(A) or (2)(e)
(ii) Where it can be shown that supply air
temperature reset increases overall building
annual energy costs.
(2) Hydronic Systems.
(A) Systems supplying chilled water to comfort air
conditioning systems shall include controls which
automatically reset supply water temperatures by
representative building loads (including return
water temperature) or by outside air temperature.
Temperature shall be reset by at least 25~ of the
design supply_to-return water temperature
difference.
(B) Exceptions.
(i) Systems that comply with subsection (d)(3)
without exception;
(ii) Where it can be shown that supply temperature
reset increases overall building annual energy
costs;
(iii) Systems °or which supply temperature reset
control: -annot be implemented without causing
improper _peration ~: heating, cooling,
humidification, or dehumidification systems;
(iv) Systems with less than 600,000 Btu/hr design
capacity.
-107-
Division 10. Heating, Ventilating and
Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Equipment
Sec. .10.1 Scope.
a) the requirements of this Division apply to new HVAC
equipment installed in new or existing buildings unless
exempted by Section _ .2.2 or Section _ .2.3.
(b) Exception.
This Division does not apply to the maintenance or repair o_°
existing HVAC equipment.
Sec. .10.2 Gaaaral.
HVAC equipment shall be supplied with the information
necessary to make the analysis required to determine compliance
with this Code.
Sec. .10.3 Hasic raquirameata.
(a) Minimum equipment efficiency
Equipment shall have a minimum efficiency at the specified
rating conditions, not less than the values shown in Tables
10-1 through. 10-7. The year for which the minimum
efficiency is required shall apply to the date of
manufacture. Minimum efficiencies for equipment using CFC
refrigerants reflect the assumption that the use of certain
refrigerants may be restricted because of ozone layer
- depletion concerns.
(1) Equipment ratings certified under a nationally
recognized certification program or rating procedure or
data furnished by the equipment manufacturer shall be
acceptable to satisfy these requirements.
(2) Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV) is the ARI descriptor
for part-load efficiency for certain types of
equipment. Compliance with minimum efficiency
requirements specified for certain HVAC equipment shall
-108-
include compliance with part-load requirements as well
as standard or full-load requirements. The procedure
for determining the IPLV is provided in the referenced
ARI Standards.
(3) Omission of minimum performance requirements for
certain classes of HVAC equipment does not preclude use
of such equipment where appropriate.
(b) Field assembled equipment and components
(1) When components such as indoor or outdoor coils are
used from more than one manufacturer as parts of air-
conditioning or heating equipment, component
efficiencies shall be specified based on data provided
by the component manufacturers, which shall provide a
system that is in compliance with the requirements of
subsection (a).
(2) Total on-site energy input to the equipment shall be
determined by combining the energy inputs to all
components, elements, and accessories such as
compressor(s), internal circulating pump(s), condenser-
air fan(s), evaporative-condenser cooling water
pump(s), purge devices, viscosity control heaters, and
controls.
(c) Maintenance.
Operation and maintena-:e information shall be provided with
the equipment.
-i05-
Tabl• 10-1 Standard Rating Coaditioaa and Minimum Performane•
Onitary Air Conditioner and Reat Pump•
Air Cooled, 8lectrieally-Operated, c 135,000 Btu/h Cooling Capacity
8xeept Packaged Terminal and Room Air Conditioaere
Cooling Sub-Category a
Relerenc• Capacity Ratiaq Condition ![iaianaa
Standard (Coollnq Dtode) (Outdoor Temperatures 's) Performance
ARI 2:0/240 < 65,000 Btu/h
-1989
>_ 65,000 Btu/h &
< 135,000 Btu/h
Outdoor Yinisa
Taap. Perlo-~^^•
a. To be consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987
(PL 100-12).
b. 8.6 SEER until January 1, 1993.
Table 10-1 Standard Ratiaq Coaditioaa sad Yialmum Pestormaace
Gallery Air Coaditioaaza sad Heat Pu~•
8vaporatively Cooled, Rleatrically-Operated
Coollnq I[oda c135,000 etu/h Cooliaq Capacity
Except Packagad Taraiaal sad Rocs Air Coaditioaera
Ralaraac• Cooliaq Ratiaq Ceadleloa •P
9taadard Capacity Zadoor Tamp.
ARZ 210/240
-1989
CTZ 201 (86)
<65,000 Btu/h Standard Rating
e0db/67wb
Seasonal Rating'
Split System
Single-Package
Standard Rating (95•F)
Integrated Part Load
Value (80'F)
Integrated Part Load
Value (e0db/67wb)
265,000 Btu/h Standard Rating
c135,000 BOdb/67wb
Btu/h
95db/75wb 9.3 EER
10.0 SEER
9.7 SEER°
r
8.9 EER
8.3 IPLV
8.5 IPLV
95db/75wb 10.5 EER
Integrated Part Load 9.7 IPLV
Value (BOdb/67wb)
-110-
Table 10-3 ltandasd Rating Conditions and ltiaiaea rerforaanee
Mater-Cooled 7~ir Ceaditieaars and Heat Pins
Cooling Mode c135,000 stu/b Cooling Capacity
ilectrically-Operated
tatariaq
Refareaoa Cooling Rating Condition •F Mater Miniasm
8taadazd Gpaeity Zadoor Mr Teap. Perloraaaee
water -
Source
Heat Pumps
ARI 320-56
CTI 201(86)
Groundwater-
Cooled
Heat Pumps
ARI 325-BS
water -
Cooled
Unitary
Air Condi-
tioners
ARI 210/240-89
CTI 201(86)
c65,000 Stu/h Standard Rating
SOdb/67wb HS•F
Low Temperature Rating
80db/67wb 75•F
>65,000 Standard Rating
<135,000 Btu/h SOdb/67wb HS•F
<135,000 Stu/h Standard Rating
Low Temperature
Rating
c65,000 Btu/h Standard Rating
e0db/67wb
Integrated Part Load
_ Value
265,000 Standard Rating
c135,000 etu/h BOdb/67wb
70•P
50'F
85'F
75'F
85•F
9.3 EER
30.2 EER
10.5 EER
11.0 EER
11.5 EER
9.3 EER
8.3 IPLV
10..5 EER
Table 10-4a Standard Aatiaq Conditions sad Minimum Performance
Packaged Terminal Air Coaditioaers sad Heat Pvs¢^
air-cooled, Electrically-Operated•
Reference Aatiaq Condition =ffieiency Minimum
Standards Category (Outdoor Tamp. •F) Ratia
q n
Performance
:,R: 31C-9C' Cooling Standard Rating i95db) EER 10.0 - (
16
Mode .
x Cap/iD00)
Low Temperature (82 db) EER 12
2
.
- 1.20
x Cap/1000)
a. For mu r.:-capacity equipment the minimum performance shai_ app_y *_c sach
capac:ty step provided. Multi-capacity refers to manufacturer p~,:b_ahed ratings
__r mere than one capacity mode allowed by the product's contrcis.
=apac:ty !Capi means the rated cooling capacity of the product ir. Etc 'h ;
~c__rdance w:tY. the cited ARI Standard. If the ua:t's ca ac:t^
-__ r.. use -.~~C Btuih - p i is less tY.an 'pp~
in the calculat_or.. :' the unit's ca acit~
-- .-: B=',: .. use _5,000 Btu;h in the calculat:ca. p S a greater than
-1-~-
Table 10-4b: 9taadard Rating Conditions i Minimum Perlormanes
Room Air Conditioners and Room Air Coaditionsr Hsat Pumps
Minimum
Ralsssnes Category Parlormanea•
ANSI/ARAM without Reverse Cycle and with Louvered Sides
RAC-1-82 <6,000 Btu/h 8. 0 EER
26,000 <8,000 Btu/h 8. 5 EER
28,000 <14,000 Btu/h 9. 0 EER
214,000 c20,000 Btu/h B. B EER
220,000 Btu/h 8. 2 EER
Without Reverse Cycle and without Louvered
Sides
<6,000 Btu/h B.0 EER
26,000 <20,000 Btu/h 8.5 EER
520,000 Btu/h B.2 EER
With Reverse Cycle and With Louvered Sides 8.5 EER
With Reverse Cycle and Without Louvered Sides 8.0 EER
a. To be consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987
(P.L. 100-12)
-112-
rahla 10-6 standard Ratiaq Conditions sad riiaisss pariornaeea••'
LarQa IIaitary Hir Condltionara and Rut t~s
=lsetriaally-Cparatad
sIDS,000 Rtu/h Gosling Capacity
Catapory/
Ralaraaos
standards ^!lieiaaay Rating 1liniao /asloraanoe
Air Conditioners 88R s~60,000 Htu/h: 8.5
ARI 360-86 >760,000 Btu/h: 8.2
xeat pumps
ARI 340-86 ZPLV 7.5
Aiz-cooled -
.ir Conditioners EER g 6
.ater/Evap-Cooled
:.RI 360-86 IPLV
9.0
CTI 201 (86)
Condensing Units _ EER 9 y
Air Cooled IPLV 11.0
ARZ 365-87
Condensing Units EEF 12 9
Water/Evap-Cooled IPLV 12 9
ARI 365-87
CTI 201 (66)
a. For units that have a heating section, deduct 0.2 from all required EER's and
IPi,V' S.
b. Condensing unit requirements are based on single-numbez ratings defined in
paragraph 5.1.3.2 of ARI Star`ard 365-87.
-1i3-
Table 10-7 Standard Raeinq Conditions and Minimum Performance
water Chilling Paekage^
water and Air-Cooled
Hlaetrieally-Operated
Reference B!licieacy
9taadards Category Rating
ARI 550-90 Water-Cooled
& 2 300 Tona COP
ARI 590-86 IPLV
2150 Tona <300 Tons COP
CTI 201(86) IPLV
<150 Tons COP
IPLV
Air-Cooled With
Condnnser
2 150 Sons COP
IPLV
<150 Tons COP
IPLV
Condenserlesa,
Air-Cooled
All Capacities COP
IPLV
Yiainnan
Performance
5.2'
5.3'
4.2 `
a.s
3.B
3.9
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.2
a. Where R-22, or CFC refrigerants with Ozone Depletion Factors lass than or
equal to that for R-22, is used these requirements are reduced tc 4.7 COP and
4.8 IPLV (sea Saetian -10.3(al)
Note: The levels above are minimum performance levels. It is recognized that
better energy efficiencies may be available sad are encouraged.
-114-
Divisioa 11. Service Nater 8aatiaQ Bystems
sad iQuipsisat
Sec. _.11.1 Scope.
The requirements of this Division apply to new water heating
systems and equipment installed in new buildings, major additions
to buildings or portions of buildings undergoing major
alterations or repair. Emergency replacements of water heating
equipment need not comply with this Division.
sec. _.11.Z Oeaeral.
(a) Information.
Service water heating equipment shall be supplied with the
information needed to make the analysis required to
determine compliance with this Code.
(b) Compliance. _
The water heating system and equipment are in compliance
with the requirements of this Division when the Basic
Requirements of Section _ .11.3 are satisfied.
Sec. _ .11.3 Basic Raquirameats.
(a) Sizing of systems.
Service water heating system =sign '_oads for the purpose of
sizing gnd selecting systems =Hall be determined in
accordance with the procedures described in Chapter 44 of
ASHRAE Handbook, 1991 HVAC Applications, or a similar
comp station procedure. Table 11-2 may be used for sizing
residential water heating systems.
Eauipmen*_ efficiency.
1; M.,nim;sm equipment efficiency.
cA) Ail water heaters and hot water storage tanks
shall meet the criteria of Table 11-1. where
-_15-
multiple criteria are listed, all criteria s::a::
be met. where no criteria are provided, r.~
re~:iremerts need be met.
(B; Excegtion.
Storage water heaters and hot water storage tanks
having more than 140 gallons of storage capacity
need not meet the standby loss (SL) or heat loss
(HL) requirements of Table it-1 if the tank
surface area is thermally insulated to R-12.5 and
if a standing pilot light is not used.
(c)
(d)
(2) Data furnished by the equipment manufacturer or
certified under a nationally recognized certification
program or racing procedure shall be acceptable to
satisfy these requirements.
(3) Omissions. Omission of minimum performance
requirements for certain classes of equipment does not
preclude use of such equipment when appropriate.
Piping insulation.
(i) Circulating Systems and Systems with Pipes Heated by
Heat Tape or Similar Means. Piping insulation sha h
conform to the requirements of Table 9-1 or an
equivalent level as calculated in accordance with
Equation 9-1.
(2) Noncirculating Systems. The first eight feet of piping
from a storage system that is maintained at a constant
temperature shall be insulated as provided in Table 9-1
or to an equivalent level as calculated in accordance
with Equation 9-1.
Temperature controls
(1) Service water heating systems shall be equipped with
temperature controls capable of adjusting storage
temperatures from 90•F to a temperature setting
compatible with the intended use. Some representative
hot water utilization temperatures are listed in the
-116-
ASHRAE Handbook, 1991 HNAC Applications, Chapter 44,
Table 3.
(2) Exception.
Service water heating systems serving residential
dwelling units may be equipped with controls capable of
adjustment down to 110•F only.
(e) Remote or booster heaters.
(1) Where temperatures higher than 130•F are required at
certain outlets for a particular intended use, separate
remote heaters or booster heaters shall be installed
for those outlets.
(2) Exception.
Where it can be shown that either energy cost is not
reduced by the application of this requirement or that
the total installed coat of the equipment, maintenance
and energy used over the life of the equipment is not
reduced.
(f)~ Circulating hot water systems and heated pipes.
(1) Systems designed to maintain temperatures in hot water
pipes, including circulating hot water systems and heat
tape on water pipes, shai_ be equipped with automatic
time switches or other co-.=role that can be set to turn
off the system when avail~~ility of hot water is not
required.
(2) Exception
When the need for hot water is continuous.
-i17-
Table I I-I Minimum Performance of Water Hesung fyutpmen[
Category Type F uel Inpu[ Rating Vol. Input to Tnt Energy E[[ Standby
Vol.Rwo Method Factor % f_ev°
IBtuh/gaq w•/hr
]"AEC. ill eleanc S12kW ill DOE Terz 20.93-0.00132v
Ca.ered norage gat 575,'`W Btuh all Proc. t0 20.62-0.0019V
Water innanrancow gaa S'-00.000 Btuh all CFA. Part 20.62:..OC19V
Hnung norage od SlO5.C00 Btuh ail 430 20.59-0.OC19V
Eawpmen[' ms[antaneow od 5-210.COO Btuh all LC.59-0.0019V
pool heater gadod all all ANSI 278%
Z21.5619g9
Other Water nonage eleanc all ill AN51 ` SC.JC.27.'V-
Hututg 221.10.3,
Eqwpment' norage/ gaa/oil 5155,000 Btuh aU <4,000 1990 L'g°4 51.3•::~;':-
inuantaneout 2155,000 Btuh ill <4,000 278% Sl.].95i V.
< l0 24,000 2g0%
2l0 24,000 277% 52.7 ~67/V.
atr•touru elee:ric ~ 24A all 23.0
heu pampa
Unfired
Storage
Tanlu
>U
S6.SBtuh/ft"
a. Conaurent eruh Nuional Appliance Energy Coourvation Act (NAECA) of 1987.
b. All ezcep[ thou veer heaters coverd by NAECA.
c . V u the tared uonge volume o tpeofwd by the manttfaaurer.
d. V. u the uorage s'oluate cn gallon as r:raattrd during the tar to desertnine the tnodby loo. Vr may differ from V, but it u vitiun ~I....
toletamee allovd by the applicable 221 and (lS. oandada Atmrdingly, for [Io puepor of estimating the trandby loo regwranenr unag
the rand volume thovn on the raring plan VT should b. eontidend o m leo than 0.9SV for ga and oil eater bean and no lea [hen 0.90V
for eleanc veer heaun.
e. Hea loo of teak tuefan atu fBnth/fe') band on fWF ~ r®peesun diHee.nta.
E Elecuic vent hesun wwnd 67 NAECA indtade hea pump virh maamum tatrnn[ raunp of 24 A u a voltage m grtnaer than 250 V.
g. E, -thermal efficency. C.O3. far hea pumfta
h. Hea pump C.O.P. mioimnm requitmm had on 75•F DD. 67•F W6, 70•F inlet aed 1]0•F le•eiq area[ umpraun (hm pang
ratdTor a rnaasmttm leaping vast rmgnoue of 120 •F [hall haw a minimum C.OP. of J.7).
-118-
(g) Water conservation requirements for showers
Showers used for other than safety reasons shall limit the
maximum water discharge to 2.5 gpm when tested according to
ANSI A112.18.1M-1989.
When flow restricting inserts are used as a component part
of a showerhead, they shall be mechanically retained at the
point of manufacture. Mechanically retained shall mean a
pushing or pulling force of eight pounds or more is
necessary to remove the insert. The flow restricting insert
does not need to be mechanically retained if removal of the
insert causes water to leak significantly from areas other
than the spray face.
(h) water conservation requirements for public_ a ories.
_Lavatories in public facility reatrooms, suc:. as those in
service stations, airports, train terminals, and convention
halls, shall meet all of the following requirements:
(1) Flow Rate. -Be equipped to limit the flow of hot water
to, either,
(A) a maximum of 0.50 gpm, or
(B) 0.75 apm if a device or fitting is used that
limits the period of water discharge, such as a
foot switch or fixture occupancy sensor, or
(C) 2.5 gpm if equipped with a self-closing or
metering valve.
(2) Total Flow. Be equipped with a foot switch or fixture
occupancy sensor or similar device. Lavatories for
physically handicapped persons need not be so equipped.
(3! Temperature. Limit the outlet temperature to 110
degrees F maximum.
-119-
(i) Water conservation requirements for other faucets.
~avatory faucets in all other rescrooms shall limit _f low
rates to 2.0 gpm when tested according to ANS. a112._d.:m-
'~989. All sink faucets shall limit flow rates to 2.5 gpm.
;j) Swimming pools, hot tubs and Spas
(1) Swimming Pool, Hot Tub and Spa Heaters. Ail water
heaters for swimming pools, hot tubs and spas shall
meet the criteria of Table 11-1 and shall be equipped
with a readily accessible switch to allow shutting of:
the heater without adjusting the thermostat setting and
to allow restarting without manually relight7ng a pilot
light.
(2) Pool Heating Systems.
(A) Active solar or heat pump heating systems shall be
used for swimming pool heating.
(H) Exception.
Alternative systems may be used if it can be shown
that they provide lower annual energy coats.
(3) Time Switches.
(A) Time switches shall be installed so that the pump
can be set to run in the off-peak electric demand
period and can be set for the minimum time
necessary to maintain the water in a clear and
sanitary condition in keeping with applicable
health standards.
(B) Exception.
Pumps required to operate solar or waste-heat
recovery pool heating systems need not use time
switches.
-120-
Tabl• it-2 - Raaidaatial Sot Matar Coaaumptioa for 81siaQ Matar
HaatiaQ 8yat~ma
Raaidaatial
D~+a111nQ
IIait 81sa (ft')•
Hot Maur
Coaa~ptioa
(Qai/day)
s 1,000
> 1,000 and s 1,400
> 1,400 and b 1,800
> 1,800
Excluding garage area.
30
40
60
BO
-121-
Division 12. Energy Maaagemeat
Sac. .12.1 General.
This Division describes the minimum measuremer.*_, roatrol,
testing and documentation features that shall be provided for th=_
building. The intent is to provide design data along with a
means of testing the facility in its completed form so that the
facility can be operated in an energy efficient manner as
intended by this Code.
Sec. .12.2 Other specific control requirements.
See the following divisions for specific control
requirements for specific systems and equipment:
- Division 5 - electric power and distribution systems
Division 6 - lighting systems
Division 9 - HVAC systems
Division 10 - HVAC equipment
Division li - service water heating systems and equipment
Sec. _.12.3 General requirements. -
(a) Public utility meter.
Each public utility energy service meter provided shall be
located oz arranged so that the meter can be monitored.
Monitoring of utility company meters and thn installation of
submetering or checkmetering shall be in compliance with the
utility company regulations.
(b) Building energy measurement system.
(1) Each distinct building energy service shall have a
measurement system provided to accumulate a record or
indicator reading of the overall amounts of the energy
being delivered.
-122-
(2) Exception.
A building of 5000 ft' gross floor area or leas in a
complex of buildings may have its measurement system
included with another building in the same complex.
(c) Equipment energy measurement.
All equipment used for heating or cooling and HVAC delivery
systems of greater than 20 kVA or 60,000 Stu/h energy input
shall be arranged so that the inputs and outputs such as
flow, temperature and pressure can be individually measured
to determine the equipment energy consumption, the installed
performance capabilities and efficiencies, or both. The
intent of this requirement is to provide physical access or
other provisions in the equipment or layout that will aglow
these measurements in the future if eo desired.
installation of the measurement equipment is not required
for compliance with this code.
-123-
Division 13. Building Energy Copt Budq~t Method
Sec. _ .13.1 Purpo~~.
This Division provides criteria for the design of energy
efficient buildings that allow greater design flexibility than
the other compliance paths of this Code, while providing building
energy efficiency levels consistent with the other paths. This
path provides an opportunity for the building designer to
evaluate and take credit for innovative energy efficiency
designs, materials, and equipment such as daylighting, heat
recovery, better zonal temperature control, and thermal storage,
as well as other applications of "off peak" electrical energy
that cannot be accounted for in the Prescriptive or System
Performance paths. Designers are encouraged to employ the
Building Energy Cost Hudget method set forth in this Article for
evaluating proposed design alternatives in preference to using
the Prescriptive or System Performance methods.
Sac. _ .13.2 Scope.
The building energy cost budget method may be used when
designs fail to meet either the Prescriptive or System
Performance criteria of this Code. It may be employed for
evaluating the compliance of all proposed designs (except shell
buildings).
Sac. _.13.3 aaaaral.
Compliance is achieved when the estimated design energy cost
(DECOS) is not greater than the energy coat budget (ECB).
Sec. _.13.4 Detasmiaatioa o! the annual ~aargy coat bndgae.
The energy coat budget (ECH) is the summation of the 12
monthly energy coat budgets (ECB,). Each ECB, is the product of
the monthly budget energy consumption (BECONn) of each type of
energy used multiplied by that monthly energy coat (ECOSm) per
unit of energy for each type of energy used. The ECS shall be
determined in accordance with Equation 13-1 as follows:
ECB ~ ECB~,,, + ... ECB~, + ... + ECBQ~~
Equation 13-1
-124-
Based on Equation 13-2:
Equation 13-2
ECBm (BECONi1) x (ECOS,u ) + .. + (BECON,u) x (EGOS=i )
Wheze
ECB = The annual Energy Coat Budget
ECBm The monthly Energy Coet Budget
BECONie The monthly Budget Energy Consumption of the ith
type of energy
ECOSm; The monthly Energy Coat, per unit of the ith
type of energy
The ECOSm, shall be determined using current rate schedules
or contract prices available at the building site for all types
of energy purchased.- These costs shall include demand charges,
rate blocks, time of use rates, intezruptable service rates,
delivery charges, fuel adjustment factors, taxes, and all other
charges applicable for the type, location, operation, and size of
the proposed building. The BECONm, shall be calculated from the
first day through the last day of each month, inclusive.
(a) Reference building.
Each floor shall be oriented exactly as
design. The form, gross and conditioner
floor and the number of floors shall be
design. All other characteristics such
envelope and HVAC system shall meet the
Articles 5 through 12.
in the proposed
3 flo_ area of each
as i:. .he proposed
as lighting,
requirements of
~- Calculation procedure and simulation tool.
The reference building shall be modeled using the criteria
of Secticns _ .13.7 and _ .13.8. The modeling shall use a
climate data set appropriate for both the site and the
complexity cf the energy conserving features of the design.
-125-
ASHRAE WYEC weather tapes or bin weather data shallce a
default choice.
Sec. _ .13.5 Dssiga energy consumption (DECON) and design
sasrgy cost (DECOS).
The ~ECCN shall be calculated by modeling the proposed
design using the same methods, assumptions, climate data, and
simulation tool as were used to establish the ECB, except as
explicitly provided in Section _ .13.7. The DECOS shall be
calculated as provided in Equation 13-3 using the same rate
schedules or contract prices as were used to establish the ECB.
If the proposed design includes cogeneration or renewable energy
sources designed for the sale of energy off site, the energy cost
and income resulting from outside sales shall not be included in
the calculation of DECOS. Such systems shall be modeled as
operating to supply energy needs of the proposed design only.
Equation 13-3
DECOS DECOSi,,, + ... DECOSm .... + DECOSa~~
Based on Equation 13-4:
_ Equation 13-4
DECOSm (DECOIK,,, ) X (ECOSml ) + ... + (DECOIV„i ) X (EGOS,,, )
Where
DECOS = The annual Design Energy Coat
DECOS„ The monthly Design Energy Cost
DECON,i = The monthly Design Energy Consumption of the ith
type of energy
ECOS„1 = The monthly Energy Coat per unit of the ith type
of energy (See Section _.13.4 for ECOSm,
definitions)
The DECON,,,, shall be calculated from the first day through
the last day of the month, inclusive.
-126-
Sac. _.13.6 Co®pliaaoa.
The proposed design complies with this Code when the design
energy coat (DECOS) is not greater than the energy cost budget
(ECB) as provided in Equation 13-5, and all of the basic
requirements of Sections _ .5.3, .6.3, .8.3,
_ .11.3, and _ .12.3 are met. - - '9'3~ _ •10.3,
DECOS s ECB
Sac. _.13.7 Standard calculation procadura.
Equation 13-5
The standard calculation procedure consists of methods ana
assumptions for calculating the ECB for the reference building
and the DECON and DECOS of the proposed design. In order to
maintain consistency between the ECS and the DECOS, the input
assumptions in this section shall be used.
"Prescribed" assumptions shall be used without variation.
"Default" assumptions shall be used unless the designer can
demonstrate that a different assumption better characterizes the
building's use over its expected life. Any modification of a
default assumption shall be used in modeling both the reference
building and the proposed design unless the designer demonstrates
a clear cause to do otherwise. Special procedures necessary for
speculative buildings are discussed in subsection (g),
(a) Orientation and shape.
The reference building shall consist
stories and gross floor area for sac
design. Each floor shall be orients
proposed design. The geometric form
the proposed design. Glass area and
exactly as the proposed design.
Internal loads.
of the same number of
h story as the proposed
d exactly as the
shall be the same as
orientation shall be
Internal loads shall be modeled as noted in the fcllowino
subdivisions (1) through (3). -
-127-
(1) Occupancy. occupancy schedules shall be default
assumptions. The same assumptions shall be made :..
competing design energy consumption as are used '_..
calculating the energy cost budget.
Occupancy levels vary by building type and t~me of Say.
Table 13-1, Occupancy Density, establishes the density
presented as ft'/person of conditioned floor area that
will be used by each building type. Table 13-5,
Building Schedule Percentage Multipliers, establishes
the percentage of the people that are in the bu:'_3i:g
by hours of the day for each building type.
(2) Lighting. Interior lighting power allowance (ILPA;,
for calculating the ECB shall be determined from
Article 6. The lighting power used to calculate the
DECOS shall be the actual adjusted power of the
proposed lighting design. If the lighting controls in
the proposed design are more effective at saving energy
than those required by Section _.6.3, the actual
installed lighting power shall be used along with the
schedules reflecting the action of the controls to
calculate the DECOS. This "actual installed lighting
power" shall not be adjusted by the power adjustment
factors listed in Table 6-4.
Lighting levels in buildings vary based on the type of
uses within buildings, by area and by time of day.
Table 13-5 contains the lighting energy profiles which
establish the percentage of the lighting load that is
ON in each reference building by hour of the day.
These prof ilea are default assumptions and can be
changed if required when calculating the ECB to
provide, for example, a 12 hour rather than an a-hour
work day.
(3) Receptacle. Receptacle loads and prof ilea are default
assumptions. The same assumptions shall be made in
calculating design energy consumption as were used in
calculating the energy coat budget.
Receptacle loads include all general service loads that
are typical in a building. These loads should include
-128-
additional process electrical usage, but exclude HVAC
Primary or auxiliary electrical usage. Table 13-2,
Receptacle Power Densities, establishes the density in
W/ft° to be u.ed. The receptacle energy prof ilea shall
be the same as the lighting energy profiles in Table
13-5. This profile establishe• the percentage of the
receptacle `load that is ON by hour of the day and by
building type.
(c) Envelope
(1) Insulation and Glazing. The insulation and glazing
characteristics of the reference building envelope.
shall be determined from Section _. 8 , 4 , In t-~e
calculation of the DECON of the proposed design, the
enve_ pe characteristics of the proposed design shall
be used. The reference building shall not have an
overhang. The reference building shall be modeled with
a glazing material with a constant shading coefficient
equal to the Relative Solar Heat Gain requirements in
Section .8.4(c).
(2) Infiltration.
(A) For reference buildings, infiltration assumptions
shall use the prescribed assumptions for
calculating the ECS and default assumptions for
the DECON. Infiltration shall impact only
perimeter zones. When the HVAC system is ON, no
infiltration shall be assumed to occur. When the
HVAC system is OFF, the infiltration rate for
buildings with or without operable windows shall
be assumed to be 0.038 cfm/ftz of the gross
exterior wall.
(B) Exception.
Hotels/motels and residential buildings shall have
infiltration rates of 0.038 cfm/ft~ of gross
exterior wall area at all times.
"- ~rvelope and Ground Absorptivities. Absorptivity
assumptions shall be prescribed assumptions for the
-i29-
reference building and default assumptions fcr
proposed design. The solar absorptivit of t`:e
e'_ements of the buildin y opaque
be 70$, g envelope shall be assumed t
The solar absorptivity of grou:d surfaces
sra11 be assumed to be 80} (208 reflectivity.
(4) window management. If the plans and specifications
show interior shading devices which perform better t!:a~
a medium-colored venetian blind, then those shading
devices may be modeled in the proposed design, and the
reference building shall be modeled with medium-color=_d
venetian blinds. Otherwise, interior shading shall be
modeled identically in the proposed and reference
buildings, either with medium-colored venetian blinds
or without interior shades.
If the simulation tool has a window management
- algorithm, then manually operated shades shall be
assumed to close when solar gain exceeds 30 Btu/h-ft'.
Otherwise, assume that half the blinds are closed
continuously. if the proposed design includes special
controls for interior shading devices then they may be
modeled, and the blinds in the reference building shall
be assumed to close when solar gain exceeds 30 Btu/h-
ft'. -
(5) Shading. For reference buildings and the proposed
design, shading by permanent structures, terrain, and
vegetation may be taken into account for computing
energy consumption, whether or not these features are
located on the building site. A permanent fixture is
one that is likely to remain for the life of the
proposed design.
(d) HVAC systems and equipment.
The HVAC system and equipment type in the reference building
shall be the same as the proposed design, but the system and
equipment in the reference building shall exactly meet the
requirements of Divisions 9 and 10. Special energy coat
reducing features of the proposed design need not be
included in the reference building if they are not required
in Divisions 9 and 10. If the HVAC system type in the
-130-
proposed design is not allowed under the requirements of
Section _.9.4, then a reasonably similar complying system
shall be modeled in the reference building.
(1) HVAC zones.
For multi-family buildings, the reference building
shall have one zone per dwelling unit. The proposed
design shall have one zone per unit unless zonal
thermostatic controls are provided within unite; in
this case, two zones per unit shall be modeled.
In all other building types, HVAC zones for calculating
the ECB and the DECOS shall be exactly the same. The
zones in the simulation shall correspond to the zones
provided by the centrols in the proposed design.
_ Building types such as assembly or warehouse may be
modeled as a single zone if there is only one space.
Thermally similar zones, such as those facing one
orientation-on different floors, may be grouped
together for the purposes of either the DECOS or ECB
simulation.
(2) Equipment Sizing and Redundant Equipment. Process
loads should be modeled in calculating both the ECB and
the DECOS. If process loads are modeled, the equipment
shall be sized in accordance with the methods of
Article 9 to include the capacity to meet the rrocess
loads. The designer shall document the installation of
prgcess equipment and the size of process loads.
if process loads are not modeled, then for calculating
the ECB of reference buildings HVAC equipment shall be
sized to meet the requirements of Section _ .9.4(a)
w-trout utilizing any of the exceptions.
For calculating the DECOS, actual air flow rates and
installed equipment size shall be used in the
simulation, except that excess capacity provided t
meet process loads need not be modeled i_' the process
load was not modeled in setting the ECB. Equipment
-i31-
sizing in the simulation of the proposed design shat=
correspond to the equipment actually selected for the
design and the designer shall not use equipment s-zed
automatically by the simulation tool.
Redundant and/or emergency equipment need rot be
simulated if it is controlled such that it will not be
operated during normal operations of the building.
(e) Service water heating.
The service water heating loads for reference buildings are
defined in terms of Btu/person-hour in Table 13-3. The
service water heating loads from Table 13-3 are prescribed
for multi-family buildings and default for all other
buildings. The same service water heating load assumptions
shall be made in calculating DECOS as were used in
calculating the ECB.
The service water heating system, including piping losses,
for the reference building shall be modeled using the
methods of the ASHRAE Handbook, 1991 HvAC Applications,
using a system that meets all requirements of Division 11.
The service water heating equipment type for the reference
building shall be an electric resistance storage water
heater if the proposed building uses electric water heating
or shall be a utility gas storage water heater if the
proposed building uses gas water heating.
(f) Controls.
(1) Conditioned and unconditioned spaces.
(A) All occupied spaces in the reference and proposed
buildings shall be simulated ae being air
conditioned. When no cooling system is shown on
the plans for the proposed design, reasonable
assumptions shall be made about the HVAC system
type, and the same assumptions shall be made for
the proposed and reference buildings.
-132-
(B) Exception
Unconditioned spaces which meet the envelope
requirements of Sections _ .8.4 or _ .8.5 may be
omitted from the thermal model in the proposed and
reference designs.
(2) Space temperature controls.
(A) Space temperature controls for the reference
building except multi-family shall be set at 75•F
for apace cooling. The system shall be OFF during
off-hours according to the appropriate schedule in
Table 13-3.
lB) Exceptions.
Setback shall not be modeled in determining either
the ECB or DECOS if setback is nc= realistic for
the proposed design such as a facility being
operated 24 hours/day.
(3) For multi-family buildings, the thermostat schedule for
the dwelling units shall be as in Table 13-4. The
reference building shall use the single zone schedule.
The proposed design shall use the two-zone schedule
only if zonal_ thermostatic controls are provided. The
thermostat assumptions for multi-family buildings are
prescribed assumptions.
(4) When providing for outdoor air ventilation when
calculating the ECB, controls shall be assumed to close
the outside air intake to reduce the flow of outside
air to 0 cfm during "setback" and "unoccupied" periods.
Ventilation using inside air may still be required to
maintain scheduled setback temperature. Ou*_side air
ventilation, during occupied periods, shall be as
required by ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 or the proposed
design, whichever is gzeater.
!5i L` dehumidification requires subcooling of su ~ air,
t:,en reheat for the reference building shat: be-from
recovered waste neat such as condenser waste heat.
-133-
(g) Speculative buildings
(1) Lighting. T. he interior lighting power allcwance `..LvA.
for calculating the EC8 shall be determined _from Tab~e
6-5. The DECOS may be based on an assumed adjusted
lighting power for future lighting improvements.
The assumption about future lighting power used to
calculate the DECOS shall be documented so that the
future installed lighting systems may be in compliance
with this assumption. Documentation shall be prcvided
to enable future lighting systems to use either the
Prescriptive method of Section _.6.4 or the Systems
Performance method of Section _ 6.5. Documentation for
future lighting systems that use the Prescriptive
method of Section _ .6.4 shall be stated as a maximum
adjusted lighting power for the tenant spaces. The
adjusted lighting power allowance for tenant spaces
shall account for the lighting power provided for the
common areas of the building.
Documentation for future lighting systems that use the
Systems Performance method of Section _.6.5 shall be
stated as a required lighting adjustment. The required
lighting adjustment is the whole building lighting
power assumed in order to calculate the DECOS minus the
ILPA value from Table 6-5 that waa used to calculate
the EC8. When the required lighting adjustment is less
than zero, a complete lighting design shall be
developed for one or more representative tenant spaces,
demonstrating acceptable lighting within the limits of
the assumed lighting power limit.
(2) FiVAC Systems and Equipment.
If the HVAC system is not completely specified in the
plane, the DECOS shall be based on reasonable
assumptions about the construction of future HVAC
systems and equipment. These aeaumptions shall be
documented so that future HVAC systems and equipment
may be in compliance with this assumption.
-134-
Sic. _.13.8 Thy simulatioa tool.
(a) Annual energy consumption should be simulated with a
multizone, 8760 hours per year building energy program. The
tool should account for:
(1) The dynamic heat transfer of the building envelope,
including the effects of solar and internal gains;
(2) Equipment efficiencies as a function of load and
climate;
(3) Lighting and HVAC system controls and distribution
systems by simulating the whole building;
(4) The operating schedule of the building including night
setback during various times of the year;
(5) Energy consumption information at a level necessary to
determine the ECB and DECOS via the appropriate utility
rate schedules.
(b; While analysis tools should simulate an entire year on an
hour-by-hour basis (8760 hours per year), tools that
approximate this dynamic analysis procedure or provide
equivalent results are acceptable.
-135-
Tabl• 13-1
Occupancy Density
Buildiaq Typ•
Conditioned Moor Area
Sq ft/Person
1. :.ssemblf 50
2. Office 2'S
3. Retail 300
a. Warehouse 15.000
5. School 75
6. Hotel/Motel 250
7. RestauranC 100
8. Health/Institutional 200
9. Multi-family 0'
10. Light Manufacturing 750
Heat generation: Btu/person-hour: 230 sensible and 190 latent
a. See notes for multi-family high-rise in Table 13-5.
Tabl• 13-2
Receptacle Powr Deasitie•
Buildiaq Type
Coaditioaed floor Area
1. Assembly 0.25
2. Office 0.75
3. Retail 0.25
a. Warehouse 0.1
5. School 0.5
6. Hotel/MOtal 0.25
7. Reatauzaat 0.1
8. Health 1.0
9. Multi-family 0'
10. Light Maautacturinq 0.2°
a. Sea notes for multi-family high-rise is Table 13-5.
b. Non-process load.
-136-
Tabl• 13.3
8erviee Hot Nater Quaatitiss
fuildiaQ Type
Htu/Persoa-hour
1. Jussmbly 215
2. Office 175
3. Retail 135
a. warehouse 225
5. School 215
6. Hotel/MOtel 1,110
7. Restaurant 390
8. Health 135
9. Multi-family 1,700°
10. Liqht Manufacturing 225°
a. This value is the number to be multiplied by the percentage multipliers
of the building profile schedules in Table 13-5. See Table 13-1 for occupancy
levels.
b. Total hot watez use per dwelling unit for each hour shall be 3400 Btu/h
times the multi-family Service Watez Heating (SWH1 system multiplier from
Table 13-5.
c. Non-process load.
-i37-
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Diviaioa 14. Enforcement
Sec. _ .14.1 Violations and Peaaltiae.
Violations of this Code shall be enforced pursuant to
section 205 of the Uniform Building Code as amended by section
5-6 of the Hawaii County Code."
SECTION 3. Severability. If any provision of this
ordinance or the application thereof to any person or
circumstances is held invalid, such invadility shall not affect
other provisions or applications of the ordinance which can be
given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to
this end, the provisions of this ordinance are declared to be
severable.
SECTION 4
approval.
Hilo, Hawaii
INTRODUCED BY:
COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII
DatA of Introduction: August 1D, 1994
Date of Adoption: Novenber 16, 1994
Effective Date: November 23, 1994
ARROVED as to
FORM and LEGALITY
~RPORATION COUNSEL
COUNTY OF HAWAII
This ordinance shall take effect upon its
Date --• - ~ -14 8 -
OFFICE OF THE COUNTY CLERK
County of Hawaii
Hilo ,Hawaii
~ .
'94 NOU 23 .=.712 4.
rr ~-
Introduced By:
Date Introduced:
First Reading
Published:
REAlARXS:
_Referred ba Robert Rosehill
August 1 94
ugus ,
September 18, 1994
ck to HSPP: (' - f1A/~/9d
Semnd Reading
To Mayor.
Returned:
Effective:
Published:
REMARKS: November
Novenber
N~vemh
Nc~v~~nhe
ner~~nhe 16.
16,
r 2
r 2 1994
1994
't. 9g4
3. 1994
. 1994
vi I~.-
ROLLCALLVOTECQII~i :,, ;.
AYES NOES ABS EX
AItAKAKI X
BONK-ABRAMSON
CHILD3 X
DE LD,fA }{
DOMINGO
HALE
RATH
ROSEHILL X
SCHU7'I'E
7
ROLL CALL VOTE
AYES NOES ABS EX
ARAKAIa X
BONK-ASRAMSON
CHH,DS
DE LIMA X
DOMINGO X
HALE X
BATH
ROSEHILL X
I DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing BILL was adopted by the County Council and published as
indicated above.
APPROVED
FORM an~-t,
"CORPORATION COUNSEL
COUNTY OF HAWAII
ate Nov a i >9~
Approved/ d this '~3 day
of ~~° , 19~_
~~iT]V'`li1Y
~' N6A R, CO OF HAWAII
UNCIL CHAIRMAN
a
co c
Bill No.: 250
Reference: C -10 7~2_/iH SAC -12 6
Ord. No.:
~.
~~~