HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0098.000 2010-2012Dear Participant:
Attached for your review is a Draft Environmental Assessment (DEA) prepared pursuant to the
EIS law (Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 343) and the EIS rules (Administrative Rules, Title
11, Chapter 200).
Project Name: Ali`i Drive Banyans Parking Lot
Location: Island: Hawaii District: North Kona
Tax Map Key Number: TMKs (3 rd .) 7 -6- 015:012 and 013
Your comments must be received or postmarked by: March 9, 2011
Please send original comments to the:
Consultant: Geometrician Associates
Address: PO Box 396
Hilo HI 96721
Contact: Ron Terry Phone: 969 -7090
Copies of the comments should be sent to:
Proposing /Approving
Agency: Hawaii County Department of Public Works
Address: 101 Pauhi Street, Suite 7
Hilo HI 96720
Contact: Alan Simeon, P.E Phone: 961 -8925
If you no longer need the Draft EA, please recycle it. Thank you for your participation in the Environmental
Assessment process.
.
Comm. No. qS
Ref. To: X
Date b 9 2 011
Ref. Da
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Ali`i Drive Banyans Parking Lot
TMKs: (3rd) 7 -6- 015:012 and 013
North Kona District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawaii
County Job No. E -4034
January 2011
Prepared for:
County of Hawaii
Department of Public Works
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 7
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
AH'i Drive Banyans Parking Lot
TMKs: (3rd) 7 -6- 015:012 and 013
North Kona District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawaii
APPENDIX 3
Flood Zone Map
Appendix 3 hood 'Gone Ma
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DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Ali`i Drive Banyans Parking Lot
TMK: (3rd) 7- 6- 015:012 and 013
North Kona District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawaii
County Job No. E -4034
PROPOSING/
APPROVING AGENCY:
County of Hawaii
Department of Public Works
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 7
Hilo, Hawaii 96720
CONSULTANT:
Geometrician Associates LLC
PO Box 396
Hilo, HI 96721
CLASS OF ACTION:
Use of County Funds
This document is prepared pursuant to:
The Hawaii Environmental Protection Act,
Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS), and
Title 11, Chapter 200, Hawaii Department of Health Administrative Rules (HAR).
f this page intentionally left blank]
TABLE OF CON TENTS
SUMMARY..............................................................................................
...............................
>>
PART l:
PROJECT DESCRIPTION, PURPOSE AND NEED AND EA PROCESS ...
1
1.1
Project Location and Description ....................................... ...............................
1
1 .2
Purpose and Need ............................................................. ...............................
1
1.3
Environmental Assessment Process ................................... ...............................
1
1.4
Public Involvement and Agency Coordination ................. ...............................
7
PART2:
ALTERNATIVES .............................................................. ...............................
8
2.1
No Action .......................................................................... ...............................
8
2.2
Alternative Locations or Strategies ................................... ...............................
9
PART 3:
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING, IMPACTS AND MITIGATION ................
9
3.1
Physical Environment ........................................................ ...............................
9
3.1.1 Climate, Geology, Soils and Geologic Hazard ...... ...............................
9
3.1.2 Drainage, Water Features and Water Quality .......................................
10
3.1.3 Flora, Fauna and Ecosystems ................................ ...............................
11
3.1.4 Air Quality, Noise and Scenic Resources .............. ...............................
13
3.1.5 Hazardous Substances, Toxic Waste and Hazardous Conditions .........
14
3.2
Socioeconomic and Cultural ............................................. ...............................
14
3.2.1 Socioeconomic Characteristics .............................. ...............................
14
3.2.2 Cultural and Historic Resources ............................ ...............................
16
3.3
Infrastructure ..................................................................... ...............................
20
3.3.1 Utilities .................................................................. ...............................
20
3.3.2 Roadways and Traffic ............................................ ...............................
20
3.4
Secondary and Cumulative Impacts ................................... ...............................
21
3.5
Required Permits and Approvals ....................................... ...............................
22
3.6
Consistency With Government Plans and Policies ............ ...............................
22
3.6.1 Hawaii State Plan .................................................. ...............................
22
3.6.2 Hawaii State Land Use Law .................................. ...............................
22
3.6.3 Hawaii County Zoning and General Plan ............. ...............................
22
3.6.4 Kona Community Development Plan .................... ...............................
24
PART4:
DETERMINATION .......................................................... ...............................
26
PART 5:
FINDINGS AND REASONS ............................................ ...............................
26
REFERENCES.......................................................................................... ...............................
28
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGUREI Location Map .................................................................... ............................... 2
FIGURE2 TMK Map .......................................................................... ............................... 3
FIGURE 3 Project Site Photographs .................................................... ............................... 3
FIGURE4 Site Plan ............................................................................. ............................... 5
i
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
0
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 Plant Species on Project Site .............................................. ............................... 12
TABLE 2 Selected Socioeconomic Characteristics ............................ ............................... 15
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX la Comments in Response to Early Consultation
APPENDIX 2 Archaeological Inventory Survey
APPENDIX 3 Flood Zone Map
SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED ACTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The Hawaii County Department of Public; Works intends to construct a 17 -space paved parking
lot near Banyans surf site on Ali`i Drive to alleviate congestion and safety issues caused by
excessive roadside parking. The properties will be leased by the County of Hawaii for a term of
eight years, after which the landowner and. County may negotiate to continue the lease. The
project will include clearing and grubbing, excavation/grading, paving, fencing, and installation
of ADA parking stalls. The site for the lot is on the mauka side of Ali`i Drive. The parking lot
will be fenced and gated and locked at night. Construction of the parking lot is expected to have
no more than a minor and temporary effect: on traffic. The site has previously been disturbed and
no significant biological, archaeological or cultural resources are present.
ii
Ali'i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
PART 1: PROJECT DESCRIPTION, PURPOSE AND NEED
AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS
1.1 Project Location and Description
The Hawaii County Department of Public Works (DPW) intends to construct a 17 -space paved
parking lot near Banyans surf site on the mauka side of Ali`i Drive to alleviate congestion and safety
issues caused by excessive roadside parking. The parking lot would be constructed on properties
identified as TMKs 7 -6- 015:012 and 7- 6- 015:013 (see Figures 1 -4 for maps and photos), which have
been disturbed by construction activities including house construction and demolition in the past. The
properties will be leased by the County of Hawaii (the County) for a term of eight years, after which
the landowner and County may negotiate to continue the lease.
The project will include clearing and grubbing of the site, excavation/grading, paving, and fencing.
Several existing trees and portions of the rock walls currently present on the site will be left in place.
The parking lot will be fenced and gated and locked at night. It will include two parking stalls
designed in accordance with guidelines of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
The County plans to finish design of the parking lot in March 2011, after which it will proceed with
construction, either in -house or through a contractor. Construction would take about 30 to 40 working
days, and the value of the improvements will be $124,000 or less. The monthly lease rent on the
property will be $500.00.
1.2 Purpose and Need
The Hawaii County Department of Public Works is undertaking this project in order to resolve
problems associated with roadside parking by surfers, spectators and beachgoers at the surf site
known as Banyans on the north side of Holualoa Bay. The area has a long history of surfing, as
Holualoa Bay was a favorite surfing spot for the Hawaiian Ali`i, including Kamehameha I. There are
many surfers in West Hawaii but relatively few surf sites, and Banyans is one of the most popular
not only because of the quality of the wave when it breaks but also because it responds to various
swell directions and thus breaks frequently. The County prohibits parking along the narrow right -of-
way of two -lane Ali`i Drive in order to keep the heavily used bike lanes clear. The shortage of
available parking frustrates surfers and can lead to conflicts with private property owners, blocking of
the bike lanes, congestion, and safety problems. Construction of the 17 -space parking lot will not
solve all parking, congestion or safety problems in the area but it will generally contribute to a safer
and less congested area.
1.3 Environmental Assessment Process
This Environmental Assessment (EA) process is being conducted in accordance with Chapter 343 of
the Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS). This law, along with its implementing regulations, Title 11,
Chapter 200, of the Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), is the basis for the environmental impact
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
1
Figure 1 a Location Maps
Ali `i Drive Banyan Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
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Fip-ure 3 Proiect Site Photoaraohs
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Ali'i Drive Banyan Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
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process in the State of Hawaii. According to Chapter 343, an EA is prepared to determine impacts
associated with an action, to develop mitigation measures for adverse impacts, and to determine
whether any of the impacts are significant according to thirteen specific criteria.
Part 4 of this document states the finding (anticipated in the Draft EA) that no significant impacts are
expected to occur; Part 5 lists each criterion and presents the findings by the Hawaii County
Department of Public Works, the proposing /approving agency. In the EA process, if the approving
agency determines after considering comments to the Draft EA that no significant impacts would
likely occur, then the agency issues a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), and the action is
permitted to occur. If the agency concludes that significant impacts are expected to occur as a result
of the proposed action, then an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is prepared.
1.4 Public Involvement and Agency Coordination
The following agencies and organizations were consulted in development of the environmental
assessment:
State:
Department of Land and Natural Resources
Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Honolulu and West Hawaii Offices
Coun :
Hawaii County Council
Department of Environmental Management
Planning Department
Police Department
Fire Department
Private:
Sierra Club
Kona Outdoor Circle
Kona Hawaiian Civic Club
Betty Kanuha Foundation
West Hawaii Surfing Association
Neighboring property owners
Copies of communications received during early consultation are contained in Appendix 1 a.
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
7
PART 2: ALTERNATIVES
2.1 No Action
Under the No Action Alternative, the property on Ali`i Drive at Banyans surf site would not be leased
and the parking lot would not be constructed. Neither the public nor the neighboring landowners
would benefit from the increased safety and reduction of traffic congestion that is caused by
excessive roadside parking for a period of eight and possibly more years. This EA considers the No
Action Alternative as the baseline by which to compare environmental effects from the project.
2.2 Alternative Locations or Strategies
The properties identified as TMKs 7 -6- 015:012 and 013 are to be leased specifically to provide an
area to constrict the parking lot. County searches determined that no County properties and very few
private properties are available close enough to efficiently serve as parking for Banyans surf site. As
the owner is not willing to sell to the County at this time, there was no option to purchase the
property. Balancing the expected cost of the lease and the proposed improvements with the
substantial need for public parking for this important surf site, the County considers the project a
worthwhile undertaking.
Although it is recognized that there are neighboring residential uses that require consideration in
design and construction activities, particularly in regard to visual and noise impacts, there do not
appear to be severe environmental or other disadvantages associated with the particular proposed site.
Almost any other legal use for the currently vacant property, which is zoned Resort -Hotel (V -1.25;
minimum dwelling unit size of 1,250 square feet) and might therefore support condominium or hotel
uses, would produce equivalent or greater impacts to neighboring residents. The property is well
suited to the proposed use, and there are no apparent reasonable alternatives. Therefore, no alternative
sites have been advanced in this Environmental Assessment.
Ali `i Drive Banyan Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
8
PART 3: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING, IMPACTS AND
MITIGATION MEASURES
Basic Geographic Setting
The properties upon which the new parking lot on Ali`i Drive would be developed are referred to
throughout this EA as the project site. The project site consists of two private properties: 1) TMK 7-
6- 015:012, a 6,034 - square -foot lot located at 76 -6253 Ali`i Drive; and 2) TMK 7 -6- 015:013, a 7,500 -
square -foot lot located at 76 -6255 Ali`i Drive. Both are owned by the Karen A. Kobayashi Trust. The
term project area is used to describe the general environs of this part of North Kona between the
communities of Kailua and Keauhou.
The main access path for Banyans surfing site is located approximately 100 feet southwest and across
Ali`i Drive from the project site. Various buildings of the Kona Bali Kai condominium are located
across Ali`i Drive from the project site and also on the north and south. To the cast, on the mauka
side, are rental homes also owned by the Karen A. Kobayashi Trust.
3.1 Physical Environment
3.1.1 Climate, Geology, Soils and Geologic Hazards
Environmental Setting
The climate in the area is mild, with a mean annual temperature of 75 degrees (Armstrong 1983) and
annual rainfall averaging approximately 30 inches (U.H. Hilo - Geography 1998:57). Geologically, the
site is located on the flanks of Hualalai volcano, and the surface consists of weathered basalt soils
derived from Pleistocene -epoch (more than 10,000 years old) lava flows (Wolfe and Morris 1996).
Slopes on the project site are mild. The project site soil is classified by the U.S. Natural Resources
Conservation Service (fonnerly Soil Conservation Service) as Punalu`u extremely rocky peat
(rPYD), a well - drained thin organic soil over pahoehoe lava bedrock on 6 to 20 percent slopes.
Roughly 40 to 50 percent of its surface is occupied by rock outcroppings. Permeability for this soil is
rapid, runoff is slow, and erosion hazard slight. The Capability Subclass is VIIs, and it is mainly used
for pasturing (U.S. Soil Conservation Service 1973).
The entire Big Island is subject to geologic hazards, especially lava flows and earthquakes. Volcanic
hazard as assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey in this area of North Kona is Zone 4, on a scale of
ascending risk from 9 to 1 (Heliker 1990:23). The hazard risk is based on the fact that Hualalai has
steep slopes and is the third most historically active volcano on the island. Volcanic hazard Zone 4
areas have about 5 percent of their land area covered by lava or ash flows since the year 1800 and
less than 15 percent of their land area covered by lava in the past 750 years. They are at lower risk
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
9
than Zone 3 areas because the frequency of Hualalai eruptions is lower than those of Kilauea and
Mauna Loa.
In terms of seismic risk, the entire Island of Hawaii is rated Zone 4 Seismic Hazard (Uniform
Building Code, 19.97 Edition, Figure 16 -2). Zone 4 areas are at risk from major earthquake damage,
especially to structures that are poorly designed or built, as the 6.7- magnitude quake of October 15,
2006, demonstrated. That earthquake, and a magnitude 6.0 aftershock, caused no damage to the
project site. The project site does not appear to be subject to subsidence, landslides or other forms of
mass wasting.
Impacts and Mitigation Measures
In general, geologic conditions impose no constraints on the proposed action and the parking lot,
which will be designed in accordance with regulations related to its seismic setting, is not imprudent
to construct.
3.1.2 Drainage, Water Features and Water Quality
Existing Environment
The project area has no perennial surface water bodies and no known areas of local (non- stream
related) flooding. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)
FM1551660926E (6/2/1995) (Appendix 3) shows that the project site is in Flood Zone AE at
approximately 15 feet in elevation.
Maps printed by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the Hawaii County Civil Defense
Agency locate the project site within an area that should be evacuated during a tsunami warning
(http: / /www5.hawaii.gov /tsunami /maps.asp). Large extents of Hawaii Island, including the
project area, have been struck by highly destructive tsunami in historic times. The April 1, 1946
tsunami had a runup of 13 feet in the area of the project site (Atlas of'Hawai'i, 3` edition).
Impacts and Mitigation Measure
Parking lots, gates and signs are generally allowed uses within the AE flood zone. All designs must
undergo internal DPW review to ensure confonnance with Chapter 27 of the Hawaii County Code.
Because of the limited scale of construction, additional risks for flooding or impacts to water quality
associated with the project appear to be negligible. The project will be required to contain any
increase in runoff due to the construction of impermeable surfaces onsite, in conformance with
Chapter 10 of the Hawaii County Code, by directing runoff toward a drainage pit with overflow to a
drywell. The drywell is planned by the County of Hawaii within the Ali`i Drive right -of -way near
the parking lot in order to deal with existing road runoff.
AIN Drive Banyan Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
10
0
In order to minimize the potential for construction phase sedimentation and erosion, the contractor
shall perform all earthwork and grading in conformance with Chapter 10, Erosion and Sediment
Control, Hawaii County Code. The SWPPP shall describe the emplacement of a number of best
management practices (BMPs) for the project. These BMPs may include, but would not be limited to,
the following:
• Minimization of sediment loss by emplacement of structural controls possibly including silt
fences and gravel bags,
• Minimizing disturbance of soil during periods of heavy rain;
• Phasing of the project in order to disturb a minimum necessary area of soil at a particular
time;
• Application of protective covers to soil and material stockpiles;
• Construction and use of a stabilized construction vehicle entrance, with designated vehicle
wash area that discharges to a sediment pond;
• Washing of vehicles in the designated wash area before they egress the project site;
• Use of drip pans beneath vehicles not in use in order to trap vehicle fluids;
• Routine maintenance of BMPs by adequately trained personnel;
• Coordination of storm water BMPs and wind erosion BMPs whenever possible; and
• Cleanup and disposal at an approved site of significant leaks or spills, if they occur.
The National Weather Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration operates the
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, which monitors sudden earth
movements throughout the Pacific Basin. Tsunamis generated from earth movements on the Pacific
Rim, including South America, Japan, California and Alaska, would allow for warning times between
4 and 15 hours, sufficient time for evacuation of Ali`i Drive. Sudden movement along faults close to
Hawaii are unpredictable, allowing only minutes or perhaps an hour of warning time, and evacuation
would be more problematic. Coastal recreational areas in Hawaii cannot avoid the tsunami hazard
because the entire coast is vulnerable to tsunami. Warning sirens are present and easily audible at the
project site.
3.1.3 Flora, Fauna and Ecosystems
Existing Environment, Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The original vegetation of the general area was probably Coastal Dry/Mesic Forest, per Gagne and
Cuddihy (1990), consisting of an open canopy forest of various trees, shrubs, herbs, vines and ferns.
The landscape of the Kailua -Kona area has been radically altered by centuries of settlements, over a
century of grazing, and particularly the development since 1960 of hotels, condominiums, resort
homes, commercial centers and associated infrastructure. The vegetation has also been fundamentally
altered by alien species invasion to the point that in many locations native species are few to none.
The aliens kiawe (Prosopis pallida) and koa haole (Leucaena leucocephala) long ago became
dominant in the coastal dry forest. The vegetation at the project site and nearby project area is now
mainly managed vegetation in the form of resort, residential, and commercial landscaping,
Ali'i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
11
interspersed with patches of weeds, along with the occasional undeveloped lot infested with kiawe
and koa haole.
A botanical reconnaissance of the project site was perfonned in October 2010 by Dr. Ron Terry of
Geometrician Associates. The species list (Table 1) includes a number of cultivated species as well as
weeds. Only a few common native plant species were found. No rare, threatened or endangered
native species were present or would be expected in this small, highly disturbed site.
Tahli I P10-t Q., n__ car
Scientific Name
Aloe ver•a
Asystasia �jan getic•a
Boerhavia c•ocemea
Bougainvillea s
Carica a ava
Chamaesvice hirta
Cleome nwandra
Clztsia rosea
Cof ea arabic•a
Dracaena mar inata
Dracaena massan eana
Eleusine indica
Era rostis tenello
Ficus mic rocrnTu
Hibiscus s
Leucaena leucoce hala
Macl�idvena un uis -c•ati
Momordica c•harantia
Morinda citrifolia
Phvmatosorus grossus
Portulaca oleracea
Pritchcrrdia thuistonii
Ravena /u ntada as c•ariensis
Schefflera ac•tino hv11a
Schimts terehinthifblitts
Serena occidentalis
Sida rhombi blia
Strelitzia re inae
Tamarindus indica
Waltheria indica
Notes: Alien (A). Endemic (E) and
^~ 'K,• J
Family
A avaceae
Acanthaceae
N cta inaceae
N eta inaceae
Caricaceae
Eu horbiaceae
Ca araceae
Clusiaceae
Rubiaceae
A avaceae
A avaceae
Poaceae
Poaceae
Moraceae
Malvaceae
Fabaceae
Bi noniaceae
Cucurbitaceae
Rubiaceae
Polypodiaceae
Portulacaceae
Arecaceae
Musaceae
Araliaceae
Anacardiaceae
Fabaceae
Malvaceae
Strelitziaceae
Fabaceae
Sterculiaceae
Ind; I
Common Name J1Te
Aloe
Chinese violet
Boerhavia
Bougainvillea
Pa a a
Gardenspurge
Sider flower
Autograph tree
Coffee
Mone tree
Corn plant
Wire grass
Love grass
Chinese banyan
Ornamental hibiscus
Haole koa
Cat's caw - climber
Wild bittermelon
Noni
Maile scented fern
Pi weed
Fi'i fan palm
Travelers palm
Octopus tree
Christmas -be
Coffee senna
Cuba J ute
Bird of paradise
Tamarind
Uhaloa
Life Form
Status
Shrub
Herb
A
A
Herb
A
Shrub/ Vine
A
Tree
Herb
A
A
Herb
A
Tree
Shrub
Tree
A
A
A
Tree
A
Herb
A
Herb
Tree
A
A
Shrub
Shrub
A
A
Vine
Vine
A
A
Tree
Fern
Herb
Tree
Tree
Tree
Shrub
A
A
A
A
A
Tree
Herb
fA
Herb
Tree
A
Herb
I
genous ( )
The project site does not provide habitat for native animals. Common non - native mammals including
cats, dogs, mice, rats and mongooses probably all are occasionally present. A large variety of alien
birds makes up the avifauna of this area, particularly Japanese White -eye (Zosterops japonicus) and
Ali'i Drive Banvans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
12
Mynah (Acridotheres tristis). Common native waterbirds such as ulili (Heteroscelus incanus) and
kolea (Pluvialis fulva) utilize the rocky shelf and tidepools makai of the Kona Bali Kai.
No streams, wetlands or special aquatic sites (e.g., anchialine ponds) are present on the project site.
However, North Kona coastal waters have excellent marine biota, including healthy coral -based
ecosystems. The waters are used by not only surfers but also boaters, swimmers, divers, and
fishermen, and good water quality is essential for preservation of natural ecosystems that they utilize.
Because of the lack of threatened or endangered terrestrial species or native terrestrial ecosystems, no
direct adverse impacts to biological resources would occur as a result of constructing or utilizing the
new parking lot. Although runoff from the very small additional paved area (much of the 16,534 -
square foot project site is already paved) would be unlikely to measurably affect water quality, given
the extremely developed nature of the surrounding area. As discussed above, runoff will be directed
towards an adjacent drainage pit with overflow to a drywell planned by the County of Hawaii,
providing some level of natural treatment through filtration in rock prior to exiting as groundwater.
3.1.4 Air Quality, Noise and Scenic Resources
Environmental Setting
Air pollution in West Hawaii is mainly derived from volcanic emissions of sulfur dioxide, which
convert into particulate sulfate and produce a volcanic haze (vog) that persistently blankets North and
South Kona.
Noise on the project site is moderate and derived mainly from motor vehicles, with occasional higher
levels of noise from residential and road maintenance activities.
The project area contains sites that are considered significant for their scenic character in the Hawaii
County General Plan. In particular, the General Plan names the "Viewplane from Kuakini Highway
going mauka & makai" within TMK Sections 7 -7 and 7 -8 and the "Holualoa- Keauhou Viewplane
from Kamehameha III Road going mauka & makai" within TMK Plat 7 -8 -10. Prominent nearby
points and bays such as Holualoa Bay and Kamoa Point are part of this scenic landscape. However,
the project site itself, i.e., the two lots for the proposed parking lot, are not visible from these
vantages and contain no scenic resources.
Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The proposed action will not measurably affect air quality or noise levels except minimally during
grubbing, grading and construction. Removal of existing vegetation will be required. In order to
minimize impacts from dust, DPW will prepare and implement, or require its contractor to prepare
and implement, a dust control plan compliant with provisions of Hawaii Administrative Rules,
Chapter 11 -60.1, "Air Pollution Control," and Section 11-60.1-33, "Fugitive Dust."
Ali `i Drive Ban Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
13
Construction would entail limited grading, compressors, vehicle and equipment engine operation.
These activities may generate noise exceeding 95 decibels at times, impacting nearby noise sensitive
receptors, including adjacent residences. In cases where construction noise is expected to exceed the
Department of Health (DOH) "maximum permissible" property-line noise levels, builders must
obtain a permit per Title 11, Chapter 46, HAR (Community Noise Control) prior to construction.
DOH reviews the proposed activity, location, equipment, project purpose, and timetable in order to
decide upon conditions and mitigation measures, such as restriction of equipment type, maintenance
requirements, restricted hours, and portable noise barriers. DPW and/or its contractor will consult
with DOH to determine if noise reduction measures are necessary.
No important viewplanes or scenic sites, including those recognized in the Hawaii County General
Plan, would be affected. The parking lot would moderately impact views from the residences mauka
of the parking lot.
It should be noted that although in the absence of any development there might be no potential air
quality, noise or scenic impacts to nearby areas, but if the County does not lease the property from
the landowner, two homes or commercial structures could be built, which might also produce such
impacts.
3.1.5 Hazardous Substances, Toxic Waste and Hazardous Conditions
Environmental Setting, Impacts and Mitigation Measures
No systematic assessment of the lots has been conducted to determine if hazardous materials, toxic
waste or other hazardous conditions may have been present on the site. Reconnaissance of the site
during topographic, botanical and design surveys did not reveal any evidence of such conditions, nor
have there been reports of such conditions. Because there is no evidence that the subject property has
been previously used or developed other than for homes, the potential for use or storage of regulated
or hazardous chemicals onsite is low. Based on this, there does not appear at this time to be any
outstanding concern related to these issues. If evidence of suspicious materials or conditions appears
during excavation or other construction, the County may undertake a systematic assessment of the
area in question to deterimine if remediation is required.
3.2 Socioeconomic and Cultural
3.2.1 Socioeconomic Characteristics
By improving safety and reducing traffic congestion along Ali`i Drive, the proposed project would
benefit public welfare in North Kona. Table 2 provides information on the socioeconomic
characteristics of Kailua -Kona along with those of North Kona and Hawaii County as a whole for
comparison, from the 2000 U.S. Census of Population.
Ali'i Drive Ban Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
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Tahle 2 Selected Socioeconomic Characteristics
Characteristic
Hawaii
North
Kailua
Characteristic
Hawaii
North
Kailua
County
Kona
-Kona
County
Kona
-Kona
Total Population
148,677
28,543
9,870
21 to 64 Years, Disabled ( %)
19.2
17.4
18.7
Median Age
38.6
39.4
35.5
Employed and Disabled. 21 to 64
51.8
64.1
67.0
Years, %)
Older Than 65 Years ( %)
13.5
11.8
10.0
65 Years or Older, Disabled ( %)
40.3
38.1
38.3
Race ( %)
Employment in:
White
31.5
47.1
38.7
Management and professional
30.2
26.6
20.3
Asian
26.7
16.3
18.3
Service
22.2
24.3
27.7
Hawaiian
9.7
8.9
10.8
Sales and offices
25.1
27.8
31.2
Other Pacific Islander
1.5
1.8
2.4
Construction
9.9
10.4
9.4
Two or More Races
28.4
23.5
27.1
Farming, Fishing and Forestry
3.8
2.2
2.3
Hispanic (Any Race)
9.5
7.9
10.2
Production and Transportation
8.9
8.8
9.1
Family Households ( %)
69.6
68.6
68.7
Families Below Poverty Line ( °o)
11.0
5.6
6.5
Households with Female
7.7
6.7
8.8
Households with Female
28.1
22,0
26.3
Householder, no Husband,
I louseholder, no Husband, With
With Children ( %)
Children, Below Poverty Line ( %)
Householder Lives Alone ( " /")
23.1
22.2
22.6
Individuals Below Poverty Line ( %)
15.7
9.7
10.8
Average Household Size
2.75
2.70
2.78
65 and Over Below Poverty Line
7.2
5.3
3.9
Average Family Size
3.24
3.13
3.26
1 Median Household Income ($)
39,805
47,610
40,874
Over 25 Years Old With
84.6
87.7
84.5
Housing Owner - Occupied ( %)
64.5
58.5
51.3
High School Diploma ( %)
Married Now ° / ")
52.0
53.9
48.7
Housing Rented
35.5
41.5
48.7
Widowed ( %)
6.3
4.9
5?
Housing Vacant ( °'o)
15.5
19.7
18.2
Divorced Now %)
10.7
11.4
11.9
Median Home Value, 1999 ($)
153.700
233,900
190,900
Veterans (% )
14.5
14.8
13.2
Median Rent. 1999 ($)
645
745
686
Over 16 in Labor Market
61.7
69.2
69.5
Rent is Greater Than 25 of
46.0
47.2
51.8
( %)
I
Income ( %)
Residence 5 Years Ago ( " /o)
Poverty by Race:
Same Home
57.7
49.9
46.2
White
14.5
8.8
9.9
Different Home, Same
26.5
28.8
34.9
Asian
7.3
6.2
5.3
County
Native Hawaiian /Pacific Islander
26.4
15.8
12.4
Different County in
4.8
3.5
4.1
Two or More Races
Hawai' i
11.0
17.8
14.8
20.4
10.3
12.8
Different State /Country
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census May 2001. Proliles of Cieneral uemograpnrc uuuacrerr.crres. vuv
Census ol'Popedalion anclllousing, llawai'i. (U.S. Census Bureau Web Page).
Impacts
The proposed project action would enhance safety. No relocation of businesses or homes, disruption
of local traffic patterns, substantial effects to neighborhood character or integrity, or any other social
impacts are involved in the proposed action. To the contrary, the action would reduce existing traffic
congestion by providing a parking area for vehicles currently parking along Ali`i Drive.
While the No Action Alternative would not require the expenditure of public funds and would not
produce any neighborhood impacts, it would obviate public benefit from the project.
Ali `i Drive Banvans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
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3.2.2 Cultural and Historic Resources
Background
The project site is located near the boundary of two ahupua'a, H61ualoa 2 and H61ualoa 3, in the
North Kona District on the west side of the Island and County of Hawaii. "H61ualoa" in the
Hawaiian language is literally translated "long sled course" (Pukui and Elbert 1974), which may be
related to the presence of a nearby h5hw or sled courses.
The first colonization of Hawaii Island is believed to have occurred on the eastern or windward side
by 300 A.D. Early settlers are thought to have first come to the leeward side of the Hawaii Island for
the procurement of resources during the Early Expansion period from 600 -1100 A.D. (Cordy 1995).
Permanent habitation of Kona began toward the end of that period (Cordy 1981, 1995; Schilt 1984).
The project area is located at the coastal edge of the kula zone of the Kona Field System, a dryland
agricultural complex that extends from the coast to the forested slopes of Kona (Cordy 1995). The
system was a nearly continuous series of fields stretching from the Kau Ahupua'a in North Kona to
Ho'okena in South Kona. Typically used for the cultivation of sweet potatoes, paper mulberry
(wauke) and gourds, this zone is often marked by mounds from clearing and planting, modified
outcrops and planting terraces and depressions ( Hammatt and Clark 1980, Hammatt and Folk 1980,
Schilt 1984). Habitation areas are scattered through the kula zone but are more typically found along
the shoreline (Cordy 1995) along with burial, canoe storage, rituals and marine exploitation activities.
The shoreline area was also the typical location for homes for royalty and their supporting activities
including heiau, holita slides and pu'uhonzta, or places of refuge.
The project site is located immediately north of the Keakealaniwahine and Kamoa Point complexes,
which make up the H61ualoa Royal Center in the ahupzta'a of Holualoa 4"', one of several such
centers in Kona (McEldowney 1980, Cordy 1995, Haun et al. 1998). H61ualoa Ahupua'a has a
particularly interesting and important history, having served as a royal center during the reign of
many generations of paramount ali'i in the dynastic line ofHawai'i Island. It is celebrated for its
association with various chiefesses, including Keolonahihi, who is said to have built the first
important complex in H61ualoa around A.D. 1300. Keakamahana and her daughter
Keakealaniwahine, who were the highest ranking ali 'i of their dynastic line and generation, are
associated with the royal center from the period between A.D. 1600 -1800, when six other such
centers were developed along the Kona coast: Kamakahonu near the present day Kailua Pier,
Kahalu`u, Keauhou, Ka'awaloa, Kealakekua and Honaunau. Ali'i would travel between these royal
centers throughout the year for resources and recreation. Areas with good surfing and canoe landings
such as H61ualoa were favored by the ali'i as royal centers. Kamehameha became adept at board and
canoe surfing at H61ualoa Bay.
The National Park Service recently listed the H6lualoa 4 Archaeological District on the National
Register of Historic Places ( / /www.state.hi.us /dlnr /chair /pio /Htm1NW05- N79.htm.) The site
consists of Keolonahihi State Historical Park, which has two parts: Keolonahihi Complex,
encompassing 12 acres on the makai side of Ali'i Drive, and the Keakealaniwahine Complex,
Ali'i Drive Banvans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
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making up 16 acres on the mauka side. The district contains a total of eight heian structures that were
constructed and dedicated for a range of religious functions representative of the Hawaiian culture,
including surfing (Hale `A`ama), warrior training (Kanekaheilani Heiau), medicine and healing
(Hualani Heiau), fertility (Mo`ipe Heiau), and preparation of ali'i for burial.
Some of the earliest events documented in the Kona regional traditional history are associated with
`Umi -a- Liloa, whose father was the first to unify rule there. Kona was a popular dwelling place of
chiefs (Karnakau 1961), and traditional Hawaiian political authority was centered in the area from
Kailua to Keauhou from at least the 15` century to the reign of Kamchamcha I, who spent time in the
H61ualoa Royal Center as a child. According to the Haun & Associates archaeological inventory
survey (2002), Kamchamcha was said to have visited two heaiu at Kamoa Point for religious
purposes. The complex was visited by missionary William Ellis in 1823:
"After traveling some time, we came to Kanekaheilani, a large heiau more than two hundred feet
square. In the midst of it was a clear pool of brackish water, which natives told us was the favorite
bathing place of Tamehameha, and which he allowed no other person to use. A rude figure, carved
in stone, standing on one side of the gateway by which we entered, was the only image we saw
here" (Ellis 1969:118).
William Stokes described the same area in 1919, giving the heiau a different name:
" Heiau of Keolonahihi, land of H6lualoa 4` North Kona: at Kamoa Point, on the south side of the
bay; bears 153° 30', 7100 feet. An enclosure containing two compartments, and an approximately
octagonal pool of fresh water in the portion on the west. On the north is what remains of a
platform nearly destroyed by the sea. There was nothing in the size of construction which
suggested a heiau of any importance. Outside to the east was a long platform suggesting a canoe
house, and nearby a pit containing a spring of fresh water. There is little doubt of the identity of
this place with that described by Ellis ... " (Stokes quoted in Hammatt 1980:19).
Kamehameha embraced foreign trade, including the provisioning of whaling vessels and sandalwood
traders (Schilt 1984). Missionaries first arrived in Kailua in 1820 but stayed only a few months. Upon
returning three years later they were allotted land for missions and schools. About this time and
continuing into the 1840s, subsistence farming began to give way to a market economy with the
introduction of coffee, corn, pumpkins, cotton, pineapple and Irish potatoes. Other crops introduced
in the Kailua portion of the kola zone of the Kona Field System (SIHP [State Inventory of Historic
Places] 6601) (Newman 1970, Kelly 1983, Schilt 1984, Cordy 1995), which extended from the
shoreline to the 500 -foot elevation and in which the project site lies, included melons, cabbage,
onions, oranges and tobacco.
In the particular area of the proposed parking lot there are two kuleana awards (farm or residence lots
for commoners). An additional six kuleana were awarded in close proximity to the project site. Land
Commission Award 5554 was registered by Keawekolohc on January 28, 1848 (Native Register:
vol. 8, p. 389). Keawekolohc claimed two apana in the 'ili land at Ka`6hi`a of Holualoa 1 Ahupua`a,
Ali `i Drive Ban}yans Parking Lot EnOroninental Assessment
17
but was only awarded his house lot (Section 1). Land Commission Award 5558 :2 was registered by
D. Kawaihoa on January 24, 1848 (Native Register: vol. 8, p. 389 -90). Kawaihoa appears to be an
individual of some importance. Relative to his H6lualoa 1 award he recounts:
"Greetings to the Land Commissioners: I hereby tell you of the circumference of my lots. Lot 1 is
in H6lualoa at Poamaka of Victoria, 202 fathoms in circumference. The things growing there
which were planted are some kou trees and a coconut tree planted by the ancients. I planted one
kou tree and a loulu palm, and also other people have planted in this lot. Furthermore there are
some stone houses for Leleiohoku.... My makuas occupied these lands when Keeaumoku was
the Haku'aina and when he died it was Hoapili, who died, then Kuakim, who died, then Auhea,
who died, then Lunalilo. If Lunalilo should die - this is my ancient land."
The LCAw. records for these and adjacent claims (see Appendix 2) provide information on land -use
in the immediate vicinity of the survey area in the mid- 1800s. The data suggest a dense clustering of
commoner residences in the immediate shoreline area. Another pattern that seems evident is that all
these requests to the Land Commission list a house plot in the kola zone, plus farm plots in various
mauka places in the ahuptia'a. Fortunately for the claimants in H61ualoa 1, there agricultural lands
were awarded, which is not the usually pattern for the Kona region where agricultural plots were not
awarded as often as house lots; leaving the awardees at a distinct disadvantage in providing for
themselves and their families through traditional agricultural practices.
The later 19"' century brought increasingly rapid changes to all of Hawaii, even the relatively sleepy
district of Kona. Cattle ranching and commercial coffee production, which also began in the mid -
1800s, changed traditional agricultural practices and necessitated construction of rock walls to control
the movement of livestock. One of the better -known examples is the Great Wall of Kuakini, which
runs roughly parallel to the coastline in this area of Kona and is found about 4,000 feet south of the
project site at about the 80 -foot elevation. Construction of the wall began in the early 1800s and was
completed in the 1850s under the direction of Governor Kuakini.
The next significant change for Kona was the beginning of tourism in the district, marked by the
construction of Kona's first major hotel, the Kona Inn, in 1928 (Menton 1994). Starting in the 1960s,
the area between Kailua -Kona and Keauhou became increasingly dedicated to resort residential land
use, as is the case today at the project site, which is almost surrounded by the Kona Bali Kai
complex. The original Hawaiian habitations at the project site gave way to 20` century homes which
in turn were demolished, leaving a vacant lot with only some low lava rock walls and cement
foundations dated from various eras as testament to the serial occupation. The current parcel
boundaries were created by a modern con so lidation/resubdivision action, which has obscured the
original boundaries. The rich cultural associations of H61ualoa are no longer particularly evident on
the project site, although they are markedly expressed not far south at Kamoa Point, as discussed
above.
Ali 'i Drive Ban }vans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
18
Archaeological Resources
An archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of the property was conducted by Rechtman Consulting.
The fieldwork included a 100 percent surface survey of the project site along with the excavation of
shovel test pit at selected locations. The report is briefly summarized below and attached in full as
Appendix 2.
The degree of modern /Historic disturbance that has already occurred on the project site — including
grading, fill with gravel and construction of modern homes, concrete foundations and driveways, has
almost completely obliterated evidence of this fonner land use. Nevertheless, one archaeological site
(SIHP Site 28583), a Historic Period boundary wall, was recorded. Site 28583 is the remnant of a dry
stacked core -filled wall (see Figures in Appendix 2 for photos and maps of wall) that seems to
correspond to portions of western and northern the boundary of LCAw. 5554. Middle 19` century
house lots such as this were commonly walled. The wall extends cast along the northern study area
boundary from a point roughly two- thirds of the way mauka of the makai project site boundary and
beyond. Here the wall is the most intact, measuring about three feet tall and one foot wide. Its
intactness may be due to maintenance by the neighboring resort development. This wall also extends
south across the study area in the vicinity of the western boundary of former LCAw. 5554. This
north /south section of wall is mostly collapsed (Figure 11) measuring about a foot wide and less than
a foot high. It extends south from the northern wall segment for about 100 feet, where it was
truncated and a modern western running wall added to enclose the former modern house lot. While
new rock walls were added, the portions of the older rock walls indicate the former parcel
boundaries. SIHP site 28583 does retain integrity of location and design, but setting, materials,
workmanship, and feeling have been severely compromised.
Five shovel test pits (STPs) were excavated in a mauka/makai linear pattern across the center of the
project site; STP -1, -2, and -3 were placed makai of Site 28583 and STP -4 and -5 mauka of Site
28583. The collective excavation of these pits did not reveal the presence of any buried
cultural deposits, items encountered in the shallow soil included glass, plastic, metal, coral, cow
bone, and shell.
Archaeological Impacts and Mitigation Measures
SIHP Site 28583, a Historic Period wall remnant, is considered significant under Criterion D, and has
provided information relative to middle nineteenth century use of the project area. The information
recorded from this site has sufficiently mitigated any potential impact that may be caused by the
construction and use of the parking lot. No further work is recommended. The State Historic
Preservation Division (SHPD) is currently reviewing the archaeological inventory survey.
However, as a further precaution, in the unlikely event that human skeletal remains, undocumented
archaeological resources, or cultural or traditional remains are encountered during construction of the
parking lot site, work in the immediate area of the discovery shall be halted and SHPD contacted as
outlined in Hawaii Administrative Rules 13513- 275 -12.
A 1 Drive Banvans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
19
Cultural Resources and Traditional and Custornary Practices
As discussed in the previous section, no significant archaeological remains reflecting cultural history
or supporting cultural values are present. The project site does not appear to contain the quality and
quantity or botanical resources that would be important for native gathering. Furthermore, no caves,
springs, pu'u, native forest groves, or other natural features with potential ceremonial or cultural
value are present on or near the project site. The project site does not support any known traditional
resource uses, nor are there any Hawaiian customary and traditional rights or practices known to be
associated with the project site. To date, no information has been received that would indicate any
cultural resources or practices taking place on the property. In summary, it would appear that no
valuable natural, cultural or historical resources are present.
Cultural Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Although there are no indications so far from literature review or consultation with the SHPD, the
Office of Hawaiian Affairs, or local residents knowledgeable about Hawaiian cultural practices that
there are any traditional cultural properties or practices on or near the small residential lots that make
up the project site, various parties including the Office of Hawaiian Affairs and SHPD were supplied
a copy of the Draft EA in order to help finalize this funding.
3.3 Infrastructure
3.3.1 Utilities
Existing Facilities and Services
Electrical power to the project area is supplied by Hawaii Electric Light Company (HELLO) via its
island -wide distribution network. Telephone service is provided to the site by Hawaiian Telcom via
electrical poles, which also house cable TV lines from Time Warner Oceanic Cable. Municipal water
and sewer lines are present along Ali'] Drive. However, no utilities will be required for the
construction or use of the parking lot.
Impacts and Mitigation Measures
In order to avoid disruption to utilities, the County of Hawaii Department of Public Works and /or its
contractors will coordinate with HELCO, Hawaiian Telcom, and Time Warner Oceanic Cable, as
well as the County Department of Water Supply and Department of Environmental Management.
3.3.2 Roadways and Traffic
Existing Facilities
Access to the new parking lot would be from Ali`i Drive, which is a two -lane facility with a speed
limit of 25 MPH. A STOP -sign is 0.2 miles north at Royal Poinciana Drive. Surfers and beachgoers
Ali 'i Drive Ban_vans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
20
2
at Banyans surf site currently park alongside Ali`i Drive, which creates congestions and, at times,
traffic hazards. Sight distance from the planned driveway, which will be shifted about 25 feet south
from its current location, is several hundred feet in both directions.
Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The new parking lot will increase safety and reduce traffic congestion by reducing the amount of
roadside parking in the vicinity of the Banyans Surfing Site. The Department of Public Works has
determined that considering the low level of traffic generated by a 17 -space parking lot, along with
the narrow available right -of -way, dedicated turn lanes are not necessary or advisable. All turning
movements in and out of the parking lot will be allowed, as sight distance is adequate and speed
limits appropriate. In a letter of October 11, 2010 (see Appendix la), the Hawaii County Police
Department indicated after reviewing the project location and description that it did not have any
objections at this time. As with all driveways on Ali`i Drive, motorists will need to take precautions
to avoid interfering with or even injuring pedestrians and bicyclists in the heavily used bike lanes
(which double as running lanes and sidewalks).
3.4 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts
Construction and use of a 17 -space parking lot would not involve secondary impacts, such as
population changes or effects on public facilities. Although the project would provide short-term
construction jobs, these would largely be filled by local residents (and perhaps by existing County
workers) and would not induce in- migration.
Cumulative impacts result when implementation of several projects that individually have limited
impacts combine to produce more severe impacts or conflicts in mitigation measures.
While development of residential projects of relatively small scale takes place periodically in North
Kona, these actions would not appear to have impacts that would potentially combine with those of
the proposed project in such a way as to produce adverse cumulative effects or involve a commitment
for larger actions.
Review of projects in the Office of Environmental Quality Control's Environmental Notice and local
newspapers indicate that the only currently proposed project in the direct area is the Kona Makaha
Condominiums project. This four -story building consisting of 16 vacation - rental units with partially
underground parking would be built on a property on the north side of H61ualoa Bay, about a quarter
mile south of the parking lot. Permits and approvals for the development have not yet been obtained
and final design not complete. It is unlikely that construction of the parking lot, which is scheduled
for early 2011, would coincide with construction of the Kona Makaha Condominiums, if the project
is allowed to proceed.
The adverse effects of the project — minor and temporary disturbance to air quality, noise or visual
quality during construction — are very limited in severity, nature and geographic scale.
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
21
r.
3.5 Required Permits and Approvals
The following permits and approvals would be required:
• County of Hawaii, Department of Public Works: Grubbing and Grading Permits,
Building Division Approval and Building Permit, Permit for Work in County ROW
• County of Hawaii, Planning Department Plan Approval
3.6 Consistency With Government Plans and Policies
3.6.1 Hawaii State Plan
Adopted in 1978 and last revised in 1991 (Hawai`i Revised Statutes, Chapter 226, as amended), the
Plan establishes a set of themes, goals, objectives and policies that are meant to guide the State's
long -run growth and development activities. The three themes that express the basic purpose of the
Hawai `i State Plan are individual and family self - sufficiency, social and economic mobility and
community or social well- being. The proposed project would promote these goals by enhancing
public safety on the Island of Hawaii, thereby enhancing quality-of -life and community and social
well- being.
3.6.2 Hawaii State Land Use Law
All land in the State of Hawaii is classified into one of four land use categories — Urban, Rural,
Agricultural, or Conservation — by the State Land Use Commission, pursuant to Chapter 205, HRS.
The property is in the State Land Use Urban District. The proposed use is consistent with intended
uses for this Land Use District.
3.6.3 Hawaii County Zoning and General Plan
Hawai `i County General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide ( LUPAG). The LUPAG map
component of the General Plan is a graphic representation of the Plan's goals, policies, and standards
as well as of the physical relationship between land uses. It also establishes the basic urban and non -
urban form for areas within the planned public and cultural facilities, public utilities and safety
features, and transportation corridors. The General Plan LUPAG maps indicate that the project site is
generally designated Open and Medium - Density Urban. Open allows for parks and other recreational
areas. Medium - Density Urban is described as "village and neighborhood commercial and single
family and multiple family residential and related functions (multiple - family residential — up to 35
units per acre)." Public parking lots for recreational purposes are appropriate facilities in these
LUPAG categories, and no General Plan amendment is necessary.
Hawai `i County Zoning and SMA. County zoning is Resort-Hotel (V -1.25; minimum dwelling unit
size of 1,250 square feet) The Hawaii County Code, Chapter 25, Section 25- 4 -11(c) states: that
"Public uses, structures and buildings and community buildings are permitted uses in any district,
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
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6a
provided that the director has issued plan approval for such use." Therefore, the proposed facility
would be allowed. Plan Approval from the Planning Department is required. The project site is
situated within the County's Special Management Area (SMA), and because the cost of the project is
expected to be less than $125,000, the Department of Public Works anticipates applying for an SMA
Minor permit.
The General Plan for the County of Hawaii is a policy document expressing the broad goals and
policies for the long -range development of the Island of Hawaii. The plan was adopted by ordinance
in 1989 and revised in 2005 (Hawai`i County Department of Planning). The General Plan itself is
organized into thirteen elements, with policies, objectives, standards, and principles for each. There
are also discussions of the specific applicability of each element to the nine judicial districts
comprising the County of Hawaii. Most relevant to the proposed project are the following Policies,
Standards, Goals, and Courses of Action:
RECREATION — GOALS
• Provide a wide variety of recreational opportunities for the residents and visitors of the
County.
• Provide a diversity of environments for active and passive pursuits.
RECREATION — POLICIES
• Improve existing public facilities for optimum usage.
• The use of land adjoining recreation areas shall be compatible with community values,
physical resources, and recreation potential.
• Develop short and long range capital improvement programs and plans for recreational
facilities that are consistent with the General Plan.
• Provide facilities and a broad recreational program for all age groups, with special
considerations for the handicapped, the elderly, and young children.
• Coordinate recreational programs and facilities with governmental and private agencies and
organizations. Innovative ideas for improving recreational facilities and opportunities shall be
considered.
• Adopt an on -going program of identification, designation, and acquisition of areas with
existing or potential recreational resources, such as land with sandy beaches and other prime
areas for shoreline recreation in cooperation with appropriate governmental agencies.
• Public access to the shoreline shall be provided in accordance with an adopted program of the
County of Hawaii.
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
23
RECREATION — STANDARDS
Beach parks provide opportunities for swimming /sunbathing, surfing, camping, fishing,
boating, nature study, and other pastimes. Every section of the island should be adequately
served. Facilities depend on size and intensity of use but should include: restrooms with
showers; picnic facilities; a defined tent camping area when allowed; drinking water;
adequate parking; pavilions of various sizes; and lifeguard facilities.
Discussion: The proposed project satisfies relevant goals, policies, and courses of action related to
recreation facilities in Hawaii County. The proposed new Banyans surf site parking lot will expand
access to recreational facilities in North Kona through an increase in the parking opportunities in the
vicinity.
TRANSPORTATION — POLICIES
• A framework of transportation facilities that will promote and influence desired land use shall
be established by concerned agencies.
• The agencies concerned with transportation systems shall provide for present traffic and
future demands, including the programmed development of mass transit programs for high
growth areas by both the private and public sectors.
• The improvement of transportation service shall be encouraged.
Discussion: The establishment of new parking facilities near a popular surfing spot where only
roadside parking is currently available to the public represents an improvement to the area's
transportation system.
3.6.3 Kona Community Development Plan
The Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) encompasses the judicial districts of North and
South Kona, and was developed under the framework of the February 2005 County of Hawaii
General Plan. Community Development Plans are intended to translate broad General Plan Goals,
Policies, and Standards into implementation actions as they apply to specific geographical regions
around the County. CDPs are also intended to serve as a forum for community input into land -use,
delivery of government services and any other matters relating to the planning area.
The General Plan now requires that a Community Development Plan shall be adopted by the County
Council as an "ordinance," giving the CDP the force of law. This is in contrast to plans created over
past years, adopted by "resolution" that served only as guidelines or reference documents to decision -
makers. The Kona CDP was adopted in September 2008 by the County Council. The version
referenced in this Environmental Assessment is at:
http: / /www.hcrc. info /community - planning /north- and - south - kona -cdp /cdp- final-
drafts / Final % %202008_text.pdf
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
24
The Plan has many elements and wide- ranging implications, but there are several major strategies
that embody the guiding principles related to the economy, energy, environmental quality, flooding
and other natural hazards, historic sites, natural beauty, natural resources and shoreline, housing,
public facilities, public utilities, recreation, transportation and land use.
The Ali`i Drive Parking Lot is generally consistent with all aspects of the Kona CDP. It is in keeping
with the plan's guiding principles in Chapter 3, including item No. 4:
Provide recreation opportunities. Future growth should provide a diversity of
recreational opportunities that are well- maintained, attractive, and easily accessible
to the community." (emphasis added)
It also conforms with item No. 6:
Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. Future
growth shall occur where infrastructure (roads and utilities) and essential facilities
(i.e. police, fire and schools) are already in place. These facilities should be
maintained at a level that will enhance the quality of life for Kona residents.
And No. 8:
Promote effective governance: An effective and accountable regional
government structure that improves the quality of life for Kona residents should
manage the impacts of growth and meet the needs of the Kona community by
encouraging cooperation among public, private, and civic partners, ensuring
equitable distribution of resources, and instituting policies and regulations in a
predictable and consistent manner.
The project is also consistent with Section 4.2.2, Overall Strategy for Land Use, which states that
"growth would be directed to compact villages located along proposed transit routes or to infill areas
within, or adjacent to, existing development."
The project is proposed for the developed area between Kailua and Keauhou, and the resulting
increase in public safety will enhance the lifestyle of that area.
The project, which is proposed for land designated by the General Plan's LUPAG maps as
combination of Open and Medium Density Urban, is in keeping with other parts of that section
regarding urban areas, including:
Policy LU -1.2: Urban Area. Consistency with Land Use Pattern Allocation
Guide ( LUPAG). The majority of future growth in Kona shall be directed to the
Kona Urban Area ... which spans from the Kona International Airport to
Keauhou.. .
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
25
13
Policy LU -1.4: Consistency with Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide
( LUPAG). The current LUPAG accommodates the vision and needs for the Kona
CDP area planning horizon and should be amended only for compelling reasons.
Any rezoning application should be consistent with the LUPAG.
Objective LU -2: Urban Area Growth Management. Recognizing that the
LUPAG Urban Area is larger than needed in order to accommodate the projected
growth within the planning horizon, future growth within the Urban Area shall be
encouraged in a pattern of compact villages at densities that support public transit.
The project, which will include ADA parking stalls, is consistent with Section 4.6, Public Facilities,
Infrastructure, and Services:
Policy PUB -3.4: Universal Access. As its expression of compassion and caring,
the Kona community shall take pride in having all public facilities accessible to the
disabled and respectful of the accessible parking stalls.
It is also consistent with Objective PUB -6, Quality of Life, which calls for the fostering of a sense of
community and health through the public realm such as gathering places, parks, pedestrian networks,
and open spaces, as well as Policy PUB -6.2, which dictates that a range of recreational opportunities
shall be provided to encourage physical activity and interaction among residents and visitors to Kona.
PART 4: DETERMINATION
The Hawaii County Department of Public Works has preliminarily determined that the proposed
parking lot will not significantly alter the environment, as impacts will be minimal, and the agency
intends to issue a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI). This determination will be reviewed
based on comments to the Draft EA, and the Final EA will present the final determination.
PART 5: FINDINGS AND REASONS
Chapter 11- 200 -12, Hawaii Administrative Rules, outlines those factors agencies must consider
when determining whether an Action has significant effects:
1. The proposed project will not involve an irrevocable commitment or loss or destruction of any
natural or cultural resources. No valuable natural or cultural resources would be committed or
lost.
2. The proposed project will not curtail the range of beneficial uses of the environment. The
proposed project expands and in no way curtails beneficial uses of the environment.
3. The proposed project will not conflict with the State's long -term environmental policies. The
State's long -term environmental policies are set forth in Chapter 344, HRS. The broad goals of
this policy are to conserve natural resources and enhance the quality of life. The project is not
major and fulfills aspects of these policies calling for an improved social and economic
Ali'i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
26
environment. It is thus consistent with all elements of the State's long -term environmental
policies.
4. The proposed project will not substantially affect the economic or social welfare of the
community or State. The project will benefit the economic and social welfare of the community
by enhancing the safety of a County road and will benefit residential and recreational uses in the
surrounding area.
5. The proposed project does not substantially affect public health in any detrimental way. The
proposed project will benefit public health by improving public safety and access to recreation.
6. The proposed project will not involve substantial secondary impacts, such as population
changes or effects on public facilities. No adverse secondary effects are expected to result from
the proposed action. The project will not enable development, but will instead improve public
safety.
7. The proposed project will not involve a substantial degradation of environmental quality. The
implementation of best management practices for construction will ensure that the project will
not degrade the environment in any substantial way.
8. The proposed project will not substantially affect any rare, threatened or endangered species of
flora or fauna or habitat. No endangered species of flora or fauna are present on the project site
or would be affected in any way by the project.
9. The proposed project is not one which is individually limited but cumulatively may have
considerable effect upon the environment or involves a commitment for larger actions. The
project is not related to additional activities in the region in such a way as to produce adverse
cumulative effects or involve a commitment for larger actions.
10. The proposed project will not detrimentally affect air or water quality or ambient noise levels.
No adverse effects on these resources would occur. Mitigation of construction -phase impacts
will preserve water quality. Ambient noise impacts due to construction will be temporary and
restricted to reasonable daytime hours. Design features help mitigate permanent noise impacts,
which will not be substantial, and views from adjacent homes should not be substantially
affected.
11. The project does not affect nor would it likely to be damaged as a result of being located in
environmentally sensitive area such as a flood plain, tsunami zone, erosion prone area,
geologically hazardous land, estuary, fresh water, or coastal area. Although the project is
located in an area with volcanic and seismic risk, the entire Island of Hawaii shares this risk,
and the project is not imprudent to construct, and employs design and construction standards
appropriate to the seismic zone.
12. The project will not substantially affect scenic vistas and viewplanes identified in county or
state plans or studies. No scenic vistas and viewplanes identified in the Hawaii County
General Plan will be adversely affected by the project. The parking lot will not contain any
structures other than fencing and a gate.
13. The project will not require substantial energy consumption. The project involves only minimal
energy use during construction and no adverse effects are expected.
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
27
REFERENCES
Armstrong, R. (editor). 1983. Atlas of Hawai `i. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press (2nd Edition).
Cordy, R. 1995. Central Kona Archaeological Settlement Patterns. State Historic Preservation
Division, DNLR, State of Hawaii. Prepared for Planning Department, County of Hawaii.
Ellis, W. 1969. Polynesian Researches Hawaii: The Journal of William Ellis. Charles E. Tuttle Co.,
Inc. Rutland, Vermont.
Gagne, W., and L. Cuddihy. 1990. "Vegetation," pp. 45 -114 in W.L. Wagner, D.R. Herbst, and S.H.
Sohmer, eds., Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai `i. 2 vols. University of Hawaii Press,
Honolulu.
Hammatt, H., and S. Clark. 1980. Archaeological Testing and Salvage Excavations of a 155 Acre
Parcel in Na Ahupua `a Pahoehoe, La `aloa, and Kapala `aea, Kona, Hawai `i. Archaeological
Research Center Hawaii Report 14 -152 III. Prepared for Pacific Basin Resorts, Inc.
Hammatt, H. 1980. Archaeological Surface Survey of a 178 acre Parcel in the Na Ahupua'a,
Kaumalumalu, Pahoehoe, Kona, Hawai `i Island. Archaeological Research Center Hawaii, Inc.
Report on file at DLNR -SHPD.
Hammatt, H., and W. Folk. 1980. Archaeological Survey, Phase I: Portions of Keauhou -Kona
Resort, Keauhou and Kahaluu, Kona Excavations within the Proposed Keahole Agricultural Park,
Kalaoa -Ooma, Kona, Hawai `i. Archaeological Research Center Hawaii Report 1401777 II. Prepared
for Kamehameha Investment Corp.
Haun, A. D. Henry, J. Jimenez, M. Kirkendall, K. Maly, and T. Wolforth. 1998. Ali`i Highway
Phased Mitigation Program, Phase I — Archaeological Intensive Survey, North Kona District, Island
of Hawaii. PHRI Report 1320- 052798. Prepared for the County of Hawaii.
Haun and Associates. 2002. Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: 3 -7 -7- 004 :57, 58Land of
Kaumalumalu, North Kona District, Island OfHawai'i. Prep. for James P. Gannon, Old Hawaii
Realty. Hilo, HI.
Hawaii County Planning Department. 2005. The General Plan, County of Hawai `i. Hilo
Heliker, C. 1990. Volcanic and Seismic Hazards on the Island of Hawai `i. Washington: U.S. GPO.
Kamakau, S. 1961. Ruling Chiefs of Hawai `i. The Kamehameha Schools Press, Honolulu.
Kelly, M. 1983. Na Mala o Kona: Gardens of Kona, a History of Land Use in Kona, Hawai `i.
Departmental Report Series 83 -2. Department of Anthropology, Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
Ali `i Drive Banyans Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
28
La
Z
McEldowney, H. 1980. A Narrative Summarizing and Analyzing Historical and Archaeological
Documents Gathered on the Kamoa Point State Park. DLNR Division of State Parks, Outdoor
Recreation and Historic Sites. Report on file at DLNR -SHPD.
Menton, Linda K., editor. 1994. Kona in History, a Guide to Resources. Honolulu: The History and
Humanities Program of the State Foundation on Culture and the Arts in cooperation with the Kona
Historical Society.
Newman, T.S. 1970. Hawaiian Fishing and Farming on the Island of Hawaii in A.D. 1778.
Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks. Honolulu.
Pukui, M.K., and Elbert, H. 1974 Place Names of Hawaii. 2 °a Ed. University of Hawaii Press,
Honolulu.
Schilt, R. 1984. Subsistence and Conflict in Kona, Hawai `i: An Archaeological Study of the Kuakini
Highway Realignment Corridor. Departmental Report Series 84 -1. Department of Anthropology,
Bishop Museum, Honolulu.
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, Bureau of the Census, 2001.
http: / /factfinder.census.gov /.
U.S. Soil Conservation Service. 1973. Soil Survey of Island of Hawai `i, State of Hawai `i.
Washington: U.S.D.A. Soil Conservation Service.
University of Hawaii at Hilo, Dept. of Geography. 1998. Atlas of Hawai `i. 3rd ed. University of
Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS). 2009. USFWS Threatened and Endangered Species System
(TESS). Washington: GPO. http: / /ecos. fws.gov /tess _public /StartTESS.do.
Wolfe, E.W., and J. Morris. 1996. Geologic Map of the Island of Hawai `i. USGS Misc.
Investigations Series Map i- 2524 -A. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey.
Ali `i Drive Banyan Parking Lot Environmental Assessment
29
r.
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us
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Ali`i Drive Banyans Parking Lot
TMKs: (3rd) 7- 6- 015:012 and 013
North Kona District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawaii
APPENDIX 1 a
Comments in Response to Early Consultation
[This page intentionally left blank]
William P. Kenoi
Mayor
+ tr OF o
•• '4
•�• �+, r te`
County of Hawaii
POLICE DEPARTMENT
349 Kapi'olani Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 -3998
(808) 935 -3311 • Fax(808)961-2389
October 11, 2010
Mr. non Terry
Principal
Geometrician Associates, LLC
P.O. Box 396
Hilo, Hawaii 96721
Dear Mr. Terry:
SUBJECT: Early Consultation for Environmental Assessment for Alii Drive
Parking Lot, Banyans, TMKs (3 7 -6- 015:012 and 013, North
Kona District, Island of Hawaii
Harry S. Kubojiri
Police Chief
Paul K. Ferreira
Deputy Police Chief
The above- referenced environmental assessment has been reviewed, and we
have no comments or objections to offer at this time.
Should you have any questions, please contact Major Randy Apele, Area II
Operations, at 326 -4646, ext. 270.
Sincerely,
HARRY S. KUBOJIRI
POLICE CHIEF
HEN . TAVARE J
ASST NT POLIC HIEF
AREA II OPERATIONS
RA:dmv
RS100806
"Hawai`i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer"
William P. Kenoi
Mayor
William T. Takaba
Managing Director
Frank J. DeMarco, P.E.
Director
Ivan M. Torigoe
Deputy Director
CIY xC II caMiv�Ci
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
25 Aupuni Street • Hilo, Hawaii 96720
(808) 961 -8083 Fax (808) %1 -8086
http://co.hawaii.hLv§WirectorX/dir envmng htm
October 13, 2010
Mr. Ron Terry
Principal
GEOMETRICIAN ASSOCIATES, LLC
P. O. Box 396
Hilo, HI 96721
RE: Early Consultation on Environmental Assessment for Ali'i Drive Parking Lot, Banyans,
TMKs 7 -6- 015 :012 and 013, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii
Dear Mr. Terry,
We offer the following comments:
Wastewater Division
TMK 7 -6- 015:013 is currently connected to County sewer.
TMK 7- 6- 015:012 is accessible to County sewer.
TMK 7- 6- 015:010 is connected to County sewer via TMK 7 -6- 015:012.
Thank you for allowing us to review and comment on this project.
Sincerely,
FY&
Frank J. DeMarco, P.E.
DIRECTOR
cc: WWD
County of liawai`i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer.
William P. Kenoi
Meyer
Coun of'aWa i`t
HAWAII FIRE DEPARTMENT
25 Apppd Street • Spite 2501 • 10o, Hawaii 96720
(808) 932 -2900 a FAx (808) 932 -2928
October 19, 2010
Mr. Ron Terry
Geometrician Associates, LLC
PO Box 396
Hilo, HI 96721
SUBJECT: DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
PROJECT: ALII DRIVE PARKING LOT, BANYANS
TMK: 7- 6- 015 :012 AND 013, NORTH KONA
Darryl J. Oliveira
Fire exrkj
Glen P. I. Honda
Depwy 0- me
In regards to the above - mentioned draft environmental assessment, the following shall be in
accordance:
Fire apparatus access roads shall be in accordance with UFC Section 10.207:
"Fire Apparatus Access Roads
"Sec. 10.207. (a) General. Fire apparatus access roads shall be provided and maintained
in accordance with the provisions of this section.
h (b) Where Required. Fire apparatus access roads shall be required for every building
ereafter constructed when any portion of an exterior wall of the first story is located more
than 150 feet from fire department vehicle access as measured by an unobstructed route
around the exterior of the building.
"EXCEPTIONS: 1. When buildings are completely protected with an approved
automatic fire sprinkler system, the provisions of this section may be modified.
"2. When access roadways cannot be installed due to topography,' waterways,
nonnegotiable grades or other similar conditions, the chief may require additional
fire protection as specified in Section 10.301 (b).
�AWAp
Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Proaiderand Employer.
a
Ron Terry
October 19, 2010
Page 2
"3. When there are not more than two Group R, Division 3 or Group M
Occupancies, the requirements of this section may be modified, provided, in the
opinion of the chief, fire- fighting or rescue operations would not be impaired.
"More than one fire apparatus road may be required when it is determined by the chief that
access by a single road may be impaired by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic
conditions or other factors that could limit access.
"For high -piled combustible storage, see Section 81.109.
"(c) Width. The unobstructed width of a fire apparatus access road shall meet the
requirements of the appropriate county jurisdiction.
"(d) Vertical Clearance. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed vertical
clearance of not less than 13 feet 6 inches.
"EXCEPTION: Upon approval vertical clearance may be reduced, provided such
reduction does not impair access by fire apparatus and approved signs are installed
and maintained indicating the established vertical clearance.
"(e) Permissible Modifications. Vertical clearances or widths required by this section
may be increased when, in the opinion of the chief, vertical clearances or widths are not
adequate to provide fire apparatus access.
"(f) Surface. Fire apparatus access roads shall be designed and maintained to support the
imposed loads of fire apparatus and shall be provided with a surface so as to provide all -
weather driving capabilities." (20 tons)
"(g) Turning Radius. The turning radius of a fire apparatus access road shall be as
approved by the chief." (45 feet)
"(h) Turnarounds. All dead -end fire apparatus access roads in excess of 150 feet in length
shall be provided with approved provisions for the turning around of fire apparatus.
"(i) Bridges. When a bridge is required to be used as access under this section, it shall be
constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable sections of the Building Code
and using designed live loading sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus.
"(j) Grade. The gradient for a fire apparatus access road shall not exceed the maximum
approved by the chief." (15 %)
Ron Terry
October 19, 2010
Page 3
"(k) Obstruction. The required width of any fire apparatus access road shall not be
obstructed in any manner, including parking of vehicles. Minimum required widths and
clearances established under this section shall be maintained at all times.
"(1) Signs. When required by the fire chief, approved signs or other approved notices shall
be provided and maintained for fire apparatus access roads to identify such roads and
prohibit the obstruction thereof or both."
c 6
OLN
ire Chief
RP:lpc
@ OF N
LINDA LINGLE �k
GOVERNOR OFHAWAII qe i 9�
R
\,and and ��k�YRGI
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
LAND DIVISION
S �GeofHaw POST OFFICE BOX 621
HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809
November 3, 2010
LAURA H. THIELEN
CHAW -R"
BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURM
COMMISSB]N ON WATER RESOURCE MANAOEMENr
Geometri cian Associates, LLC
Box 396
Hilo, Hawaii 96721
Attention: Mr. Ron Terry, Principal
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Subject: Early Consultation for Environmental Assessment for Ali'I Drive Parking
Lot
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on the subject matter. The
Department of Land and Natural Resources' (DLNR), Land Division distributed or made
available a copy of your report pertaining to the subject matter to DLNR Divisions for their
review and comment.
Other than the comments from Division of Aquatic Resources, Office of Conservation &
Coastal Lands, Engineering Division, the Department of Land and Natural Resources has no
other comments to offer on the subject matter. Should you have any questions, please feel free
to call our office at 587 -0414. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Russell Y. Tsuji
Administrator
MM!
l _.
�e of ti�
LINDA LINGLE
GOVERNOR OF HAWAII
` wand and N,�� ��•+tR
STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
LAND DIVISION
St dteafvKw" POST OFFICE BOX 621
HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809
October 12, 2010
MEMORANDUM
TO: . -DfNR Agencies:
x Div. of Aquatic Resour
cean Recreation
x Engineering Division
� _Div. of Forestry & Wildlife
OCT 320 _Div. of State Parks
x Commission on Water Resource Management
x Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands
_Land Division —
H'
LAURA H. THIELEN
CHA1 PERSON
BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
COMMOSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAOLTffNT
!', r r S
7010 N07 - j P 12: Q C)
ICE'S
DDAR O4L12 Z
A istonc Preservation
I
FROM: Charlene Unoki, Assistant Administrator
SUBJECT: Early Consultation for an Environmental Assessment for Ali'I Drive Parking Lot
LOCATION: Island of Hawaii
APPLICANT: Geometrician Associates, LLC on behalf of the County of Hawaii, Department of
Public Works
Transmitted for your review and comment on the above referenced document. We would
appreciate your comments on this document. Please submit any comments by October 29, 2010.
If no response is received by this date, we will assume your agency has no comments. If
you have any questions about this request, please contact my office at 587 -0433. Thank you.
Attachments
( ) We have no objections.
( I;IrWe have no comments.
( ) Comments are attached. (�
WERTT.NISMUOT0, \ Iu ! - I
Signed: �� Date: Ph.D.
I!] Aquatic Resources program Manager
S� -- N4
LINDA LINGLE
GOVERNOR OR HAWAII
and Na Rr
g� STATE OF HAWAII
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
LAND DIVISION
Sl oe Of H POST OFFICE BOX 621
HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809
October 12, 2010
MEMORANDUM
TO: DLNR Agencies:
x Div. of Aquatic Resources
_Div: of Rwing Recreation
x Engineering Division „
l+amtpy -&-W frife
_Div. of State Parks
x Commission on Water Resource Management
x Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands
_Land Division —
x H'st P t'
L.URA H. TH:ELEN
CHAIRPERSON
BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
=nom
Ln
N
t J
4�
- 0
r
70
s r"
i one reserva ion
FROM: Charlene Unoki, Assistant Administrator
SUBJECT: Early Consultation for an Environmental Assessment for Ali'I Drive Parking Lot
LOCATION: Island of Hawaii
APPLICANT: Geometrician Associates, LLC on behalf of the County of Hawaii, Department of
Public Works
Transmitted for your review and comment on the above referenced document. We would
appreciate your comments on this document. Please submit any comments by October 29, 2010.
If no response is received by this date, we will assume your agency has no comments. If
you have any questions about this request, please contact my office at 587 -0433. Thank you.
Attachments
( ) We have no objections.
( ) We have no comments.
(X) Comments are attached.
Signed:
Date:
7,
Q
a
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
ENGINEERING DIVISION
LD /CharleneUnoki
RE: EarlyConsultEAAliiDriveParkineLot
Maui.520
COMMENTS
() We confirm that the project site, according to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), is located in
Flood Zone
(X) Please take note that the project site, according to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), is
located in Flood Zones X. The Flood Insurance Program does not have any regulations for
developments within Flood Zones X.
() Please note that the correct Flood Zone Designation for the project site according to the Flood
Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is __
() Please note that the project must comply with the rules and regulations of the National Flood
Insurance Program (NFIP) presented in Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations (44CFR),
whenever development within a Special Flood Hazard Area is undertaken. If there are any
questions, please contact the State NFIP Coordinator, Ms. Carol Tyau -Beam, of the Department of
Land and Natural Resources, Engineering Division at (808) 587 -0267.
Please be advised that 44CFR indicates the minimum standards set forth by the NFIP. Your
Community's local flood ordinance may prove to be more restrictive and thus take precedence
over the minimum NFIP standards. If there are questions regarding the local flood ordinances,
please contact the applicable County NFIP Coordinators below:
() Mr. Robert Sumitomo at (808) 768 -8097 or Mr. Mario Siu Li at (808) 768 -8098 of the
City and County of Honolulu, Department of Planning and Permitting.
() Mr. Carter Romero at (808) 961 -8943 of the County of Hawaii, Department of Public
Works.
() Mr. Francis Cerizo at (808) 270 -7771 of the County of Maui, Department of Planning.
() Ms. Wynne Ushigome at (808) 241 -4890 of the County of Kauai, Department of Public
Works.
() The applicant should include water demands and infrastructure required to meet project needs.
Please note that projects within State lands requiring water service from the Honolulu Board of
Water Supply system will be required to pay a resource development charge, in addition to Water
Facilities Charges for transmission wad daily storage.
() The applicant should provide the waicr demands and calculations to the Engineering Division so it
can be included in the State Water Projects Plan Update.
O Additional Comments:
() Other:
Should you have any questions, please call Ms. ,uzie S. Agraan of the Planning Branch at 587 -0258.
Sil ned:
CARTY , lAN HIEF ENGINEER
Date: (G �7-0 10
t E,. OF N LAURA H. THIELEN
LINDA LINGLE '� 9� CHAIRPERSON
GOVERNOR OF HAWAII 0 SOARDOFLAW NO NATURAL RESOURCES
COMM' SION ON WAIPR RESOURCE MANAGEhINP
c`a
2
at STATE OF HAWAII Iva UCH 12 P
DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL 9PSOURCES «�$
LAND DIVISION
Sr a4 of IF40 HONOLU I BOO I 6 96809
October 12, 2010
MEMORANDUM
TO: DLNR Agencies:
_x _Div. of Aquatic Resources
_Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation
x Engineering Division -
-.• ..�
_Div. of Forestry & Wildlife
_Div. of State. Parks _,. _... r
r Y ;
Commission on Water Resource Management
x Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands
x H =
== l
e reservation UJ
- h�a ^"
p l v thup—
~ �� C'
FROM: Charlene Unoki, Assistant Administrator
SUBJECT: Early Consultation for an Environmental Assessment for Ali'I Drive Parking Lot
LOCATION: Island of Hawaii
APPLICANT: Geometrician Associates, LLC on behalf of the County of Hawaii, Department of
Public Works
Transmitted for your review and comment on the above referenced document. We would
appreciate your comments on this document. Please submit any comments by October 29, 2010.
If no response is received by this date, we will assume your agency has no comments. If
you have any questions about this request, please contact my office at 587 -0433. Thank you.
Attachments
( ) ; We have no objections.
(� We have no comments.
( ) Comments are attached.
Sign .
Date: p '/ 3' - .w ► V
LA61 z;, -166. ck-,� h
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0
William P. Kenoi
Mnyor
+e� OF Nor
County of Hawaii
PLANNING DEPARTMENT
Aupuni Center + 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 + Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Phone (808) 961 -8288 • Fax (808) 961 -8742
November 29, 2010
Mr. Ron Terry
Geometrician Associates, LLC
P.O. Box 396
Hilo, HI 96721
Dear Mr. Terry:
SUBJECT: Pre - Environmental Assessment Consultation
BJ I.eithead Todd
Director
Margaret K. Masunaga
Deprity
Applicant: County of Hawai'i, Department of Public Works
Land Owner: Karen A. Kobayashi Trust
Project: Paved Parking Lot on Ali`i Drive Near the Banyans
Surf Site
TMK: 7 -6 -15:12 & 13, North Kona,, Hawaii
This is in response to your request for comments on the above - referenced project.
The Department of Public Works intends to construct a paved parking lot near the
Banyans Surf Site on Ali`i Drive to alleviate congestion and safety issues caused by
excessive roadside parking. The project will include clearing and grubbing,
excavation/grading, paving, drainage improvements, rock walls, fencing, and installing
ADA parking stalls on the mauka side of Ali`i Drive. The lots would be fenced and gated
and locked at night.
We have the following to offer on the subject parcels:
1. Parcel 12 consists of 6,034 square feet.
2. Parcel 13 consists of 7,500 square feet.
3. Both are designated Urban by the State Land Use Commission.
Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunist Provider and Employer
Mr. Ron Terry
Geometrician Associates, LLC
November 29, 2010
Page 2
4. Both are zoned Resort-Hotel (V -1.25) by the County. According to the Hawaii
County Code, Chapter 25, Zoning:
a. Section 25- 5- 92(a)(29): Permitted uses include "Public uses and structures, as
permitted under section 25 -4 11 ".
b. Section 25- 1 -5(b), "Public use ", "public building" and "public structure"
means a use conducted by or a structure or building owned or managed by the
federal government, the State of Hawaii or the County to fulfill a
governmental function, activity or service for public benefit and in accordance
with public policy. Excluded are uses which are not purely a function,
activity or service of government and structures leased by government to
private entrepreneurs or to nonprofit organizations.
c. Section 25- 4- 11(c): "Public uses, structures and buildings and community
buildings are permitted uses in any district, provided that the director has
issued plan approval for such use." Therefore, Plan Approval is required for
the parking lot.
5. The General Plan designation for both parcels are Open and Medium Density
Urban. Open allows for parks and other recreational areas, historic sites, and
open shoreline areas. Medium Density Urban is characterized by Village and
neighborhood commercial and single family and multiple family residential and
related functions (multiple family residential — up to 35 units per acre).
6. The Kona Community Development Plan was adopted by the County of Hawaii
as Ordinance No. 08 -131, effective September 25, 2008. A discussion of the
proposed project as it relates to this project must be included in the Environmental
Assessment.
7. The project is located within the County's Special Management Area. According
to Planning Commission Rule 9, Special Management Area, Section 9- 10(a),
"The Department shall assess all uses, activities or operations proposed in the
Special Management Area except in cases in which the applicant determines that
the proposed use, activity or operation will: a) exceed 5125,000 in valuation; or
b) have a cumulative impact, or a significant adverse environmental or ecological
effect on the Special Management Area. In this case, the assessment procedures
may be waived and the applicant shall petition the Commission for a Special
Management Area Use Permit pursuant to Section 9 -11 ".
Mr. Ron Terry
Geometrician Associates, LLC
November 29, 2010
Page 3
Please provide us with a copy of the Environmental Assessment for our review and file.
If you have questions, please feel free to contact Esther Imamura of this office at
961 -8139.
Sincerely,
V LE HE TO
Planning Department
ETI:cs
P: \Public \WpwinGO \E'rl \EadraRpre - Consul \Terry Parking Lot Danyans.Rtf
cc: Planning Department, Kona
[This page intentionally left blank]
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
AH'i Drive Banyans Parking Lot
TMKs: (3rd) 7 -6- 015:012 and 013
North Kona District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawaii
APPENDIX 2
Archaeological Inventory Survey
[This page intentionally left blank]
H
RC -0721
An Archaeological Inventory Survey of
TMK: 3- 7- 6- 015:012 and 013
H61ualoa 1 st Ahupua`a
North Kona District
Island of Hawaii
ti NS 4 " . v
DRAFT VERSION
PREPARED BY:
Robert B. Rechtman, Ph.D
PREPARED FOR:
Ron Terry, Ph.D.
Geometrician Associates, LLC
P.O. Box 396
Hilo, HI 96721
December 2010
RECHTMAN CONSULTING, LLC
S07 -A E. Lanikaula St. t filo, Hawaii 96140
phone: (808)>969 -6066 fax: (808') 443 -0065
e- snail: boh(rrechtnianconsulting.com
ARCHA= OI.OGICAI., CUi TURAI_. AND HISTORICAL. STjr)IEs
An Archaeological Inventory Survey of
TMK: 3- 7- 6- 015:012 and 013
Holualoa 1 st Ahupua`a
North Kona District
Island of Hawaii
RECHTMAN CONSULTING
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Executive Summary
At the request of Ron Terry, Ph. D. of Geometrician Associates, LLC, on behalf of his client the County of
Hawaii Department of Public Works, Rechtman Consulting, LLC conducted an archaeological inventory
survey of a 13,534 square foot property (TMKs 3- 7- 6- 015:012 and 003) in H61ualoa 1 Ahupua`a, North
Kona District, Island of Hawaii. The County of Hawaii will be leasing this property from the Kobayashi
Trust and converting it into a parking area for the nearby Banyan beach and surfing spot. The study area
comprises portion of two former kuleana parcels (LCAw. 5554 and 5558:2) awarded during the Mdhele. As
a result of intensive field examination of the study area, one archaeological site (SIHP Site 28583), a
Historic Period boundary wall, was recorded. Site 28583 is the remnant of a dry stacked core - filled wall
that seems to correspond to portions of western and northern the boundary of LCAw. 5554. SIHP Site
28583 is considered significant under Criterion D, and has provided information relative to middle
nineteenth century use of the project area. The information recorded from this site has sufficiently
mitigated any potential impact that may be caused by the County of Hawai`i's proposed parking lot
development. No further work is recommended.
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CONTENTS
I NTRODUCTION............................................................................................... ............................... 1
B ACKGROUND................................................................................................. ...............................
1
PhysicalDescription ............................................................................................ ...............................
1
HistoricalContext ................................................................................................ ...............................
7
H61ualoaAhupua` a .............................................................................................. ...............................
9
LandCommission Awards ................................................................................. ...............................
10
PriorArchaeological Studies ............................................................................. ...............................
12
SURVEYEXPECTATIONS ............................................................................. ...............................
13
FIE LDWORK.................................................................................................... ...............................
14
F INDINGS......................................................................................................... ...............................
14
SIHPSite 28583 ................................................................................................. ...............................
14
ShovelTest Pits ................................................................................................. ...............................
17
SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT RECOMMENDATION ..........................
20
REFERENCESCITED ...................................................................................... ...............................
21
FIGURES
1 Project area location .........................................................................................
...............................
2
2. Tax Map Key (TMK):3- 7 -6 -15 showing study parcels (12 and 13) ................ ............................... 3
3. Graded and filled portion of study area ...........................................................
4
...............................
4. Concrete driveway in northern portion of study area
4
...................................... ...............................
5. Location of former house site in northern portion of study area ...................... ...............................
5
6. Concrete access driveway in southern portion of study area ........................... ...............................
5
7. Dry stacked and concreted rock walls in northern portion of study area ......... ...............................
6
8. Typical vegetation within project area, note modern stacked wall along Ali`i Drive ....................
6
9 Project area plan view ....................................................................................
...............................
15
10. SIHP Site 28583 extending along northern boundary of former LCAw. 5554,
viewto the north ..........................................................................................
14
...............................
11. SIHP Site 28583 extending along western boundary of former LCAw. 5554,
viewto the east ............................................................................................
16
...............................
12 SIHP Site 28583 at southern truncation with modern wall extending to the left (west),
viewto the north .......................................................................................... ...............................
16
13 STP- 1 ........................................................................................................... ...............................
17
14 STP- 2 ........................................................................................................... ...............................
18
15 STP- 3 ........................................................................................................... ...............................
18
ff
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16. STP- 4 ........................................................................................................... ............................... 19
17. STP- 5 ........................................................................................................... ............................... 19
TABLES
1. Traditional Hawaiian agricultural zones .......................................................... ............................... 7
2. Heiau in Holualoa 1 Ahupua` a ...................................................................... ............................... 11
3. Site significance and treatment recommendations ......................................... ............................... 20
iv
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INTRODUCTION
At the request of Ron Terry, Ph. D. of Geometrician Associates, LLC, on behalf of his client the County of
Hawaii Department of Public Works, Rechtman Consulting, LLC conducted an archaeological inventory
survey of a 13,534 square foot property (TMKs 3 -7 -6- 015:012 and 003) in Holualoa 1 Ahupua`a, North
Kona District, Island of Hawaii (Figures 1 and 2). The County of Hawaii will be leasing this property
from the Kobayashi Trust and converting it into a parking area for the nearby Banyan beach and surfing
spot. This survey was undertaken in accordance with Hawaii Administrative Rules 13 §13 -275 and was
performed in compliance with the Rules Governing Minimal Standards for Archaeological Inventory
Surveys and Reports as contained in Hawaii Administrative Rules 13 §13 -276. Compliance with the above
standards is sufficient for meeting the initial historic preservation review process requirements of both the
Department of Land and Natural Resources -State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR -SHPD) and the
County of Hawaii Planning Department.
This report contains background information outlining the project area's physical and cultural contexts,
a presentation of previous archaeological work in the area and current survey expectations based on that
previous work, an explanation of the project methods, detailed description of the one archaeological
resource encountered, interpretation and evaluation of that resource, and lastly, treatment recommendations
for the documented site.
BACKGROUND
The following section is divided into four parts: 1) a physical description of the subject parcel, 2) a general
cultural context for the area, 3) a historical summary of Holualoa 1 Ahupua`a land -use and settlement
patterns, 3) a review of Land Commission Awards in the immediate vicinity of the project area, and 4) a
review of previous archaeological studies. This background information is then used to generate a set of
expectations for the current inventory survey.
Physical Description
The project area is in Holualoa 1 Ahupua`a, located just mauka of AIN Drive in the vicinity of the Banyan
beach and surfing spot. Elevation within the project area ranges from 20 to 25 feet (6 to 7.5 meters) above
sea level; terrain is undulating with frequent pdhoehoe outcrops. Roughly 3/4 of the project has seen
modern development activity; the mauka 1/3 (Figure 3) has been graded and filled, a concrete driveway
(Figure 4) and single - family residence (no longer extant; Figure 5) occupied the northern 1/2 of the project
area, and a concrete access driveway (Figure 6) exists across the southern 1/3 of the property. Dry stacked
and cemented stone walls are present throughout the property along the property perimeters (Figure 7), and
one wall also traverses the property in a north/south direction. This latter wall along with a contiguous
section along the mauka northern boundary is considered to be a historic site. The soil described for the
project area is (rPYD) Punalu`u extremely rocky peat (Sato et al. 1973); a well- drained, thin organic soil
over bedrock. The underlying pahoehoe bedrock dates to more than 5,000 years B.P. (Wolfe and Moms
1996).
Despite the seemingly consistent semi -arid condition of this area, seasonality is evident. Throughout
the Hawaiian Islands, the warmer and drier summer months, traditionally referenced as kau, extend from
May to September, and the wetter, cooler months (ho'oilo) extend from October to April (Handy and
Handy 1972). The temperatures in the Kona area are generally consistent with this seasonal pattern, ranging
between 62 -80 degrees in winter and 68 -86 degrees in summer (Schilt 1984). However, the typical rainfall
pattern differs considerably from that seen elsewhere; in all elevations along the Kona coast, rainfall during
kau is typically greater than that during ho `oilo (Schilt 1984).
Vegetation within the project area includes the historically introduced koa haole (Leucaena glauca)
along with several introduced ornamental and landscape plants (Figure 8). A variety of grasses, vines, and
weeds are also present, although ground visibility was excellent.
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r igure 2. 1 ax map Key (TMK) 3-7-6-015 showing study parcels (0 1 2 and 1031.
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4
Figure 3. Graded and filled portion of study area.
oncre a driveway in no ern portion of study area.
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t
5
Figure 5. Location of former house site in northern portion of study area.
6
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Figure 7. Dry stacked and concreted rock walls in northern portion of study area.
Figure 8. Typical vegetation within project area, note modern stacked wall along Ali`i Drive.
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Historical Context
The project area lies at the coastal edge of the Kona Field System (Cordy 1995, Newman 1970, Schilt
1984). This area extends north at least to Kau Ahupua`a and south to H6naunau, west from the coastline
and east to the forested slopes of Hualalai (Cordy 1995). A large portion of this area is designated in the
Hawaii Register of Historic Places as Site 50 -10 -37 -6601 and has been determined eligible for inclusion in
the National Register of Historic Places. The basic characteristics and elevationally delimited zones within
this agricultural/residential system as presented in Newman (1970) have been confirmed and elaborated on
by archaeological (Cordy 1995) and ethnohistorical investigations (Kelly 1983). The current study parcel is
located within the traditional kula zone.
Cordy (1995) presents a summary of archaeological settlement patterns for Kona that is based on
previous archaeological work as well as on observations made by explorers and missionaries during the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Cordy bases his reconstruction on the Hawaiian terms for the
major vegetation zones used to define and segregate space within an ahupua `a. It was these native terms
(Table 1) that were used during the Mahele in the description of land claims. Cordy also describes a narrow
shoreline zone within the kula that was primarily a residential area.
Table 1. Traditional Hawaiian agricultural zones
Zone
Annual Rainfall
Description
Elevation
Primary Crops
Kula
c. 30 -50 in.
Plain, open country
Coast -500 ft.
Wauke, gourd and sweet potato
(0.8 -1.2 m)
inland from the coast
(0 -150 m)
Kalu or
c. 40 -55 in.
Luxuriant, cultivable
500 -1,000 ft.
Breadfruit, wauke, sweet
Kalu'ulu
(1.00 -1.35 m)
zone
(150 -300 m)
potato, mountain apple, taro
'Apa'a
c. 55 -80 in.
Dryland cultivation
1,000 -2,500 ft.
Taro, sweet potato, sugar cane,
(1.35 -2.00 m)
zone
(300 -750 m)
kf, and banana
'Ama'u
c. 80 in. (2.0 m)
Upland/fern zone
2,000 -3,000 ft.
Banana and 'ama `u (fern)
(600 -900 m)
The kula zone is the area from sea level to 150 meters elevation. Annual rainfall in the kula zone is 75
to 125 centimeters. This lower elevation zone is traditionally associated with habitation and the cultivation
of sweet potatoes, paper mulberry, and gourds. Agricultural features, such as clearing mounds, planting
mounds, planting depressions, modified outcrops, pavements, enclosures, and planting terraces, are
common throughout much of this zone ( Hammatt and Clark 1980, Hammatt and Folk 1980, Haun et al.
1998, Schilt 1984). Dwellings were scattered throughout the agricultural portion of the kula, but they are
commonly concentrated along the shoreline (Cordy 1981, Hammatt 1980). The shoreline zone, extending
inland approximately 200 meters, was used primarily for permanent habitation and other non - agricultural
activities, such as canoe storage, ceremonial and burial practices, recreation, and fishing- related activity.
Royal and high chiefly centers were also situated within the shoreline of the kula. These complexes
included dwellings for chiefs and their entourage, places of refuge, and other structures. Several large and
densely populated royal centers were located along the shoreline between Kailua and H6naunau (Cordy
1995, Tomonari- Tuggle 1993). Three such centers are situated near the current study area:
Keakealaniwahini, Keolonahihi, and Kaumalumalu. Within these specific chiefly centers, heiau, ah'i
residences, and pu'uhonua have been described (McEldowney 1986; Stokes and Dye 1991) and
documented ( Hammatt 1994). No less than four heiau have been recorded within the shoreline area of
H61ualoa 4 Ahupua`a (Stokes and Dye 1991). These major sites are all located makai and south of the
current project area. A variety of non - residential features are present in the kula near royal centers,
including small agricultural plots, and formal and informal burial features (Cordy 1995, Han et al. 1986,
Schilt 1984, Tainter 1973, Tomanari- Tuggle 1993).
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Nineteenth century habitation features built on stone platforms were present in the kula (Hammatt and
Meeker 1979, Schilt 1984). Stone platforms with clearly defined internal divisions are present (O'Hare and
Wolforth 1998) and probably reflect a change in residential plans from a complex of multiple, separate,
single - function structures (men's sleeping, women's sleeping, cooking) to a single structure with multiple
rooms and functions (entire family's quarters and cooking) (Ladefoged 1991). Burial features with historic -
era artifacts and architecture (i.e., mortar and corrugated tin) are present in the lower elevations. These are
frequently isolated structures, but burial also occurred within residential platforms during the Historic
Period (O'Hare and Wolforth 1998).
During the early nineteenth century, following the breakdown of the entire Hawaiian socio- religious
system, the older places of worship (heiau) no longer held their significance. Many such places were
dismantled, and the stones used for other building projects such as the Kuakini Wall and Mokuaikaua
Church.
The Missionary William Ellis visited the vicinity of the current project area in 1823 and described the
following:
Leaving Kairua [ Kailua], we passed through the villages thickly scattered along the shore
to the southward. The country around looked unusually green and cheerful, owing to the
frequent rain, which for some months past have fallen on this side of the island. Even the
barren lava, over which we traveled, seemed to veil its sterility beneath frequent tufts of
tall waving grass, or spreading shrubs and flowers.
The side of the hills, laid out for a considerable extent in gardens and fields, and
generally cultivated with potatoes, and other vegetables, were beautiful.
The number of heiaus, and depositories of the dead, which we passed, convinced us that
this part of the island must formerly have been populous. The latter were built with
fragments of lava, laid up evenly on the outside, generally about eight feet long, from
four to six broad, and about four feet high. Some appeared very ancient, others had
evidently been standing but a few years. (1963:72 -73)
The religious, socioeconomic, and demographic changes that took place in the period between 1790
and the 1840s, promoted the establishment of a Euro- American style of land ownership, and the Great
Mahele was the vehicle for determining ownership of the native land. During this period (1848 - 1899), the
Mahele defined the land interests of the King (Kamehameha III), the high- ranking chiefs, and the low -
ranking chiefs, the konohiki. The chiefs and konohiki were required to present their claims to the Land
Commission to receive awards for lands provided to them by Kamehameha III. They were also required to
provide commutations to the government in order to receive royal patents on their awards. The lands were
identified by name only, with the understanding that the ancient boundaries would prevail until the land
could be surveyed. This process expedited the work of the Land Commission and speeded the transfers
(Chinen 1961:13).
During this process all lands were placed in one of three categories: Crown Lands (for the occupant of
the throne), Government Lands, and Konohiki Lands. All three types of land were subject to the rights of
the native tenants. Commoners could make claims for land, and if substantiated, they would receive awards
referred to as kuleana, from the Land Commission. During this period, other land grants were also made to
individuals directly from the Kingdom. In 1862, the Commission of Boundaries (Boundary Commission)
was established in the Kingdom of Hawaii to legally set the boundaries of all the ahupua'a that had been
awarded as a part of the Mahele. Subsequently, in 1874, the Commissioners of Boundaries was authorized
to certify the boundaries for lands brought before them. The primary informants for the boundary
descriptions were old native residents of the lands, many of which had also been claimants for kuleana
during the Mahele. The information was collected primarily between 1873 and 1885. The testimonies were
generally given in Hawaiian and simultaneously transcribed in English.
In 1848 during the Mahele Holualoa 1 Ahupua`a was awarded to Victoria Kamamalu, and there was
one kuleana claimed by Keawekalohe that included the mauka third of the current project area, while the
remainder of the project area was part of a larger kuleana claimed by Kawaihoa. As can be seen on Figure
2, and as will be discussed further below, much of coastal Holualoa 1 was awarded as kuleana parcels.
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Following the Mahele, the kingdom initiated a program of selling parcels of land to interested
residents. The land that was reserved as Government lands -those lands given outright by the King, or
commuted to the Government in lieu of paying for other parcels retained by the ah'i awardees of the
Mahele. The grant program was initiated in an effort to encourage more native tenants onto fee - simple
parcels of land. The parcels of land sold in the grants were quite large, ranging in size from approximately
ten acres to many hundreds of acres. When the sales were agreed upon, Royal Patents were issued and
recorded following a numerical system that remains in use today. The area adjoining the study property to
the south was purchased as Grant 1855 in the year 1855 to Leleo. No information is available concerning
Leleo's use of the property but the large kula land grants were typically walled off and used for pasturage.
The native population declined and the foreign population increased in the Kona area during the early
twentieth century. Coastal occupation was concentrated in the villages of Kailua and Keauhou, with
permanent residences with gardens and animal pens scattered along the shoreline. Upland habitation was
associated with agricultural and ranching pursuits. More walls were added to the kula as cattle pastures
expanded in the lower elevations during this period. The royal centers near the study area became a thing of
the past and fell into disuse and disrepair. The memories of their former importance were rekindled when
turn -of -the- century archaeologists and historians began documenting the area.
Holualoa Ahupua`a
The small amount of traditional Hawaiian history available on the several ahupua `a of H61ualoa is
provided by Kamakau (1961) and I`i (1959). It is clear from these sources that, like much of the Kona
coast, H61ualoa was the haunt of chiefs. Holualoa Bay, in particular, was noted for its fine surfing. Several
months after Captain Cook's demise, Kalani`opu`u is said to have surfed there ( Kamakau 1961:105).
Kamehameha also surfed at H61ualoa. According to I`i, it was there that he, "learned to surf and to glide
with a canoe over the waves" (I`i 1959:6). Furthermore, "these lands were occupied by the chiefs because
the surfing there was good, and the food abundant in ancient times" (I`i 1959:6). In a more general sense,
I`i also claims that, "it was in the Holualoa lands of Kona that the chiefs dwelt in olden times, from the time
of Kamehameha, the great chiefess [Keakealaniwahine) of Hawaii, and earlier" (1959:6). Although it is
difficult to verify the antiquity of chiefly presence at Holualoa, its shoreline was clearly an attractive draw
in the period immediately preceding contact and thereafter.
The particulars of life for the maka `ainana are not recorded for H61ualoa specifically. It can be
surmised, however, that local inhabitants utilized the coastal area for its marine resources. In fact, H61ualoa
Bay was known historically as a habitation place for fishermen and their families (Handy and Handy
1972:287). Occupation was probably relatively dense in the resource -rich coastal area. Ellis (1963) records
the bay as the location of the village Kaluaokalani.
As described in the previous section, the inland and upland areas of the ahupua `a were part of the
Kona Field System. It is therefore appropriate to use the major vegetation zones outlined in Table 1 to
estimate settlement densities and land -use in this area. Holualoa 1 was probably very similar to the many
other surrounding ahupua `a of the Kona Field System. Population was likely concentrated in the lower part
of the kula zone where one would expect to find agricultural plots, permanent habitations, chiefly
residences, and ceremonial centers. Stokes reports no less than nine heiau in the land of Holualoa 1 -4
(Stokes and Dye 1991:55 -63). Most of these are built on or near the coast and fall well within the kula
zone. Two heiau are in the coastal portion of Holualoa 1 and a third is at approximately 600 ft. elevation
(Table 2).
As one moves away from the coast, permanent habitation becomes less frequent and temporary field
shelters more common. Agriculture, bird hunting, and plant gathering were practiced at the middle and
upper elevations. This pattern of land -use persisted into the early Historic Period, but with the introduction
of new crops and rapid population loss in the early 1800s, major changes were well underway. Cattle
ranching was introduced in the mid -1800s and persisted well into the twentieth century in much of the Kona
District. Coffee was also introduced in the early to mid -1800s and was soon cultivated commercially on
small plots. Cattle ranching continued into recent times in H61ualoa (Soehren 1980a; Fager and Graves
1993).
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Table 2. Heiau in Holualoa 1 Ahuuua`a (from Stokes and Dve 1991:55 -57).
Ahupua`a Heiau name Information
Holualoa 1 Pueomanu Ko`a Fishing heiau on the point.
Holualoa 1 Halehau Heiau Four unconnected platforms; 600 ft above sea level.
Holualoa 1 Puhioloolo Heiau On small rocky point in middle of bay; with graves.
Land Commission Awards
As previously stated portions of two kuleana awards make up the current study area. There were an
additional six kuleana awarded in very close proximity to the current project area. A review of the
registration and testimony associated with these eight claims provides information useful for predicting
archaeological resources in the project area.
Land Commission Award 5554 was registered by Keawekolohe on January 28, 1848 (Native Register:
vol. 8, p. 389). In the Native Register, Keawekolohe that the circumference of my kihapai is 797 fathoms,
measured in various places. All these various places which were measured are in Kaohia, Holualoa 1"
(Native Register.:vol. 8, p. 389). Keawekolohe claimed two apana in the 71i land at Ka`6hi`a of Holualoa I
Ahupua`a, but was only awarded his house lot (Section 1). In the supportive testimony, Kama provided the
following information:
Section l:
Mauka by konohiki
Ka'u, Makai and Kohala by idle land.
3 houses - 2 for Keawekolohe, 1 for Kalapa.
Kalapa has true interest there in some kihapais and a house.
Section 2:
Mauka by Konohiki
Ka'u and Makai by Kama's land.
Kohala by Hana's land.
1 section has been cultivated, no house.
Land was from Kuakini at the time Mokuaikaua was built, no one has objected to him.
Native Testimony (vol. 4, p. 572 -573).
Land Commission Award 5558:2 was registered by D. Kawaihoa on January 24, 1848 (Native
Register: vol. 8, p. 389 -90). Kawaihoa appears to be an individual of some import. Relative to his Holualoa
1 award he recounts, "Greetings to the Land Commissioners: I hereby tell you of the circumference of my
lots. Lot 1 is in Holualoa at Poamaka of Victoria, 202 fathoms in circumference. The things growing there
which were planted are some kou trees and a coconut tree planted by the ancients. I planted one kou tree
and a loulu palm, and also other people have planted in this lot. Furthermore there are some stone houses
for Leleiohoku.... My makuas occupied these lands when Keeaumoku was the Haku'aina and when he
died it was Hoapili, who died, then Kuakini, who died, then Auhea, who died, then Lunalilo. If Lunalilo
should die - this is my ancient land."
Land Commission Award 4395:2 is a house lot located at the shore in Pu`ukoa `ili of Holualoa 1,
Ahupua`a just north of LCAw. 5558:2, and was registered by Kekoi on January 17, 1848 along with a
mauka agricultural lands (Native Register: vol. 8, p. 385). Following the supportive testimony offered by
Kamahalo and Molulolulo on February 5, 1849, Kekoi was awarded two apana. His house lot "has been
enclosed, 3 houses for Kamahalo and he lives there. Land had been from Kuakini during the time of
Kamehameha I. No one has objected to him to the present time." (Native Testimony vol. 4, p. 578).
Land Commission Award 6107:2 is located immediately north of the project area, and was awarded to
Naai. According to the Native Register January 21, 1848 (vol. 8, p. 410) Naai stated, "I hereby tell you the
size of my lot, 103 fathoms in circumference. I have three kou trees which are mine and the fourth kou tree
is for someone else." Naai claimed seven sections in the `i1i land at Ulukukahi of Holualoa 1 Ahupua`a
including his coastal house lot. The Land Commission awarded Naai this kula house lot, and some mauka
agricultural lands. In the Native Testimony, February 6, 1849 (vol. 4, p. 593 -94), Kekoi states, "Naafi has
enclosed the lot, 2 houses for him. There are some plants and 4 Kou trees. Old residents of the land since
Kamehameha I, no one has objected."
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Land Commission Award 6063:2 is located just north of LCAw. 6107:2, and was awarded to Hana.
According to the Native Register on January 24, 1848 (vol. 8, pp. 409), Hana claimed four sections in the
`ili land of Kamaikikanaka of H61ualoa 1 Ahupua`a, and was awarded two apana, a coastal house lot
(Section 4) and mauka agricultural plots. The supporting testimony provided by Molulolulo and Kekoi on
February 5, 1849 (vol. 4, p.581 -2) states,
Section 4 - House lot.
Mauka by idle land
Ka`u by Naai's lot
Makai by Government road
Kohala by Kamahalo's lot.
Hana has enclosed lot, 1 house for him. Old land since Kamehameha I to the present
time, no one has objected.
Land Commission Award 7466 is located just north of LCAw. 6063:2, and was awarded to Kauhaihao.
According to the Native Register on January 24, 1848 (vol. 8, p. 439), Kauhaihao requested six apana; he
was awarded only his house lot (Section 6) The Native Testimony on February 5, 1849 (vol. 4, pp. 576) by
Puuone and Pupuka reported the following relative to Kauhaihao's house lot in 'di land of Pueo of
H61ualoa I Ahupua`a:
Section 6 - House lot.
Mauka and Ka`u by idle land
Makai by road
Kohala by Kamahalo's lot.
Lot is enclosed, 1 house for Puuone, he lives there. Old land since the time of
Kamehameha I, no objections.
Land Commission Award 7746:2 is located just northwest LCAw. 7466, and was awarded to
Kamahalo. According to the Native Register on January 16, 1848 (vol. 8, p. 447), Kamahalo claimed eight
sections, only two apana were awarded. His coastal house lot was claimed as Section 8, and he stated,
"Greetings to the Land Commissioners: I hereby tell you of my lot and the planted trees. The circumference
of the lot, around the fence, is 96 fathoms. There are some planted loulu palms." In the Native Testimony
on February 5, 1849 (vol. 4, pp. 579) Molulolulo and Kekoi reported in the 71i land of Pu`ukoa of Holualoa
1 Ahupua`a:
Section 8 - House lot.
Mauka by idle land
Ka'u by Kauhaihao's land
Makai by Government road
Kohala by Kaopukanila's land.
Lot is enclosed, 2 houses for Kamahalo where in he is living. 15 palm trees are at another
locality. Land has been very old since Kamehameha I to the present time, no one has
objected to him.
Land Commission Award 7990:2 is located just northwest of the project area, and was awarded to
Pupuka. According to the Native Register on February 12, 1848 (vol. 8, p. 456), Pupuka requested six
apana. The Native Testimony on February 5, 1849 (vol. 4, pp. 578) reported that he was awarded one
house lot with two houses, and one mauka agricultural plot.
The LCAw. records provide information on land -use in the immediate vicinity of the survey area in the
mid- 1800s. The data suggest a dense clustering of commoner residences in the immediate shoreline area.
Another pattern that seems evident is that all these requests to the Land Commission list a house plot in the
kola zone, plus farm plots in various mauka places in the ahupua'a. Fortunately for the claimants in
Holualoa 1, there agricultural lands were awarded, which is not the usually pattern for the Kona region
where agricultural plots were not awarded as often as house lots; leaving the awardees at a distinct
disadvantage in providing for themselves and their families through traditional agricultural practices.
Perhaps the coastal H61ualoa 1 residents had more clout than there counterpart neighbors, which supports
the contention of the presence of higher status individuals in the coastal Holualoa area.
IM
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Prior Archaeological Studies
Archaeological investigations previously conducted in Holualoa Ahupua`a have primarily been
concentrated within the kula zone (see Haun and Henry 2002 for a thorough overview) in which the current
project area is also located. Eleven studies have previously been conducted in the general vicinity of the
project area ( Barrera 1995; Ching et al. 1973; Connolly and Gunness 1979a and 1979b; Dunn and
Rosendahl 1991 and 1992; Hammatt 1979; Haun and Henry 2000; Haun et al. 1998; Hommon and
Rosendahl 1983; Nelson et al. 2005). Five of the previous projects were associated with the proposed Ali`i
Highway corridor (Ching et al. 1973; Dunn and Rosendahl 1991 and 1992; Haun et al. 1998; Hommon and
Rosendahl 1983).
Hammatt (1979) conducted an archaeological survey of a 22 -acre parcel located makai of Kuakini
Highway and northeast of the current study area and ranging in elevation between 125 feet and 260 feet
above sea level. Four sites made up of thirteen features were recorded, including temporary habitations (a
platform and a cave), a ranch wall, and features associated with agricultural clearing. None of the sites were
subjected to archaeological testing.
Connolly and Gunness (1979a and 1979b) investigated four separate parcels for the Komohana Kai
subdivision that are located southeast of the current project area. The archaeological survey for this
subdivision, which ranges in elevation from 125 feet to 300 feet, identified 136 sites and site complexes.
Agricultural features included mounds, modified outcrops, terraces, and modified depressions. Three
possible small heiau and a large heiau were recorded as were 14 Precontact habitation features, three
possible burials and a shrine. Eight ranch related features were identified as well. No archaeological
subsurface testing was conducted at these sites.
Haun and Henry (2000) conducted an archaeological inventory survey of a seventeen acre parcel
ranging in elevation between 35 and 85 feet, to the south of the current study area. Twelve sites composed
of 104 features were recorded. Features included modified outcrops, mounds, terraces, platforms, walls,
enclosures, a cave, a filled crack, and an upright. Barrera (1995) had previously conducted an
archaeological reconnaissance of a portion of the parcel and identified a possible burial, habitation sites,
agricultural mounds, and modified outcrops. However, the sites were neither recorded nor their locations
mapped.
Nelson et al. (2005) completed an archaeological inventory survey of a 28 -acre parcel to the east of the
current study area. They recorded twenty-two archaeological sites with over 150 features. Precontact sites
recorded included four agricultural sites, four agricultural/habitation complexes, two habitation sites, three
burial cave complexes, three burial surface structures, one possible heiau, two cobble extraction or
construction staging areas, and a trail segment. Two Historic Period walls, including the Kuakini Wall,
were also recorded. Thirteen test units were excavated, and the numerous burials were considered to have
been of high status individuals. This parcel remains undeveloped at time of the current report.
Five different archaeological surveys were conducted in conjunction with the proposed Ali`i Highway
corridor (Ching et al. 1973; Dunn and Rosendahl 1991 and 1992; Haun et al. 1998; and Hommon and
Rosendahl 1983) located between 30 feet and 80 feet in elevation and west of the current project area.
Thirty-one sites made up of 143 features were discovered within Holualoa Ahupua`a. Permanent habitation
sites composed of terraces, walls, and enclosures; agricultural sites made up of terraces, modified outcrops,
and mounds; six burials; a possible heiau; and ten ranch walls were recorded.
Twenty-one additional archaeological investigations have been conducted within the general kula zone
of the Holualoa ahupua'a ( Barrera 1981; Fager and Graves 1993; Hammatt 1984, 1994; Hammatt, Folk,
and Shideler 1992; Haim 2001; Soehren 1979a, 1979b, 1979c, 1980a, 1980b, 1982; Goldstein 1977;
Hammatt, Borthwick, and Chiogioji 1990; MLK Rosendahl 1988; Rosendahl 1979, 1980, 1981, 1989;
Sinoto 1979; and Wolforth et al. 1999).
Fager and Graves (1993) investigated a 17 -acre parcel (previously investigated by MLK Rosendahl
[1988]) south and west of the current project area at an elevation between 311 and 462 feet. Seventeen
Precontact agricultural sites composed of twenty-seven features were recorded as well as a mauka -makai
trail and a ranch related cattle ramp. Agricultural features identified included kuaiwi, terraces, enclosures,
cleared areas, a mound, a C shape, a modified outcrop, and a platform.
12
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Hammatt, Folk, and Shideler (1992) conducted an inventory survey, archaeological testing and data
recovery within a 174 acre parcel located mauka of the current project area at an elevation between 300 feet
and 750 feet. Portions of this study parcel had been previously the subject of an archaeological survey by
Hammatt (1984). Precontact sites recorded included agricultural sites (terraces and mounds), permanent
habitation sites, temporary habitation sites, and burials. Historic sites discovered included walls, enclosures,
paddocks, cattle runs, and a railroad bed.
Soehren (1980b) investigated a 16 acre parcel located makai of Kuakini Highway and northeast of the
current project area. An enclosure wall was the only site recorded. Rosendahl (1989) conducted a field
inspection within a 6 acre parcel of Komohana Kai subdivision located mauka of the Kuakini Highway and
east of the current project area. A "few" modified outcrops were identified. Previous field notes compiled
by Goldstein (1977) identified a possible habitation or heiau in the same subdivision, however the site had
been bulldozed.
Hammatt, Borthwick, and Chiogioji (1990) conducted an archaeological inventory of a 64 acre parcel
located between 20 feet and 235 feet elevation and south of the current project area. Two hundred eighty
five sites were identified. One hundred Precontact habitation sites consisting of platforms, enclosure, open
enclosures, terraces, modified outcrops, caves and pavements were recorded. One hundred twenty eight
agricultural sites composed of mounds, modified outcrops, terraces, and kuaiwi were recorded. Other sites
identified included cupboards, walls, and bulldozer piles. Wolforth, Henry, and Rechtman (1999)
conducted an inventory survey of an 8 acre project area located mauka of Ali`i Drive and southwest of the
current study parcel. Portions of the project area had been previously surveyed by Rosendahl (1979),
Soehren (1980a), and Barrera (1981). Seven previously identified sites were recorded including Hikapaia
Heiau, three ranch walls, and three habitation sites.
Hammatt (1994) identified a complex of Precontact walls, residential structures, two heiau and ranch
related wall and pens in a 16 acre project area located southwest of the current study parcel. Rosendahl
(1980, 1981) conducted an archaeological survey on a 0.3 acre parcel located mauka of Ali`i Drive
southwest of the current study parcel. Eight features were identified including platforms, a well, a historic
tomb, enclosures, and a rock alignment. Test excavations revealed a mix of Precontact and Historic Period
materials. Soehren (1979a) identified a terrace and a paved platform during the survey of a 0.5 acre project
area makai of Ali`i Drive. He also identified an enclosure wall while conducting a survey of a 0.3 acre
parcel mauka of AIN Drive ( Soehren 1979b). Both project areas are west of the current study parcel.
Rosendahl (1979) identified eight features in the course of a reconnaissance survey of a 0.5 acre parcel
located mauka of Ali`i Drive and west of the current project area. Features identified included platforms,
artifacts scatters, a pit, a rock alignment, and a modified outcrop. Sinoto (1979) conducted an
archaeological reconnaissance survey of a 6 acre project area located mauka of Ali`i Drive and northwest
of the current study parcel. The survey identified ranch walls and modern bulldozer push piles.
Haun (2001) identified 28 sites composed of 94 features in the course of an inventory survey of a 13.5
acre parcel located mauka of Ali`i Dive and southwest of the current project area. Precontact sites recorded
included modified outcrops, mounds, walls, enclosures, pavements, ahu, burials, a modified knoll, a cave,
and a cupboard.
SURVEY EXPECTATIONS
Based on the previously conducted archaeological studies in the vicinity of the current project area and the
background information presented above, a set of field expectations can be generated. Given this
information, it is logical to assume that the current study property once contained archaeological features
dating to the Precontact and Historic Periods. Given the Mdhele information it is likely that those resources
were residential in nature, associated with LCAws. 5554 and 5558:2. The amount of modem/Historic
disturbance that has already occurred on the parcel has no doubt severely, if not completely, obliterated the
evidence of this former land use. It is expected that there will be few or no surface expression of any
archaeological features. It is possible, however, that surface or subsurface debris scatters associated with
the kuleana parcels may be present, and that Historic walls may run along the boundaries of the former
kuleana parcels.
IN
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FIELDWORK
On November 13 and 19 2010, Robert B. Rechtman, Ph.D. and Morgan Schmidt, Ph.D. carried out the
fieldwork for the current project, which included a 100% surface survey of the project area along with the
excavation of shovel test pit at selected locations. Given the size of the study area and the existing
conditions, survey transects were not required. A map of the project area had been prepared by a
professional surveyor, which identified all of the relevant features and landmarks; and the one recorded site
has been plotted on that map (Figure 9). The location of the single historic feature identified during the
survey was verified against the surveyor's map and additional recordation included preparing a written
description, taking photographs, and making measurements.
In an effort to assess the potential for subsurface cultural deposits, five shovel test pits (STPs) were
excavated in a mauka/makai linear pattern across the center of the study area. The excavated soil matrix
was passed through 1/8 inch mesh screen, no cultural material was collected. Stratigraphy and potential
cultural items were noted and Munsell color notations were recorded. Upon reaching bedrock within an
STP, photographs were taken and the pit refilled.
FINDINGS
While numerous made -made features (mostly associated with modem residential use) are present within the
project area, only one archaeological site (SIHP Site 28583), a Historic Period boundary wall, was
recorded. Site 28583 is the remnant of a dry stacked core - filled wall that seems to correspond to portions of
western and northern the boundary of LCAw. 5554. Middle nineteenth century house lots such as this were
commonly walled (see Mdhele testimony cited above).
SIHP Site 28583
SIHP Site 28583 is a core - filled wall extends east along the northern study area boundary from a point
roughly 2/3 mauka of the western study area boundary and beyond (see Figure 9). Here the wall is the most
intact, measuring 1 meter tall and 90 centimeters wide (Figure 10), perhaps because it has been maintained
by the neighboring resort development. This wall also extends south across the study area in the vicinity of
the western boundary of former LCAw. 5554 (see Figure 9). This north/south section of wall is mostly
collapsed (Figure 11) measuring 90 centimeters wide and between 30 and 60 centimeters tall. It extends
south from the northern wall segment for about 30 meters, where it was truncated and a modem western
running wall added (Figure 12) to enclose the former modern house lot. The two study parcels and the
parcel behind were created as a result of a modern consolidation/resubdivision action. While new rock
walls were added, the older rock walls remain giving testimony to former parcel boundaries. SIHP site
28583 does retain integrity of location and design, but setting, materials, workmanship, and feeling have
been severely compromised.
Figure 10. SIHP Site 28583 extending along northern boundary of tormer LCAw. SJJ4, view to the north.
14
RC-G'21
Figure 9. Project area plan view.
15
SIHP Site 28583
0 p
E=
%=6M
0
1-b
AL I DRI V
DBARTHEN or PLULIL W�OR" - c'
CpMfY OF HAMNII
TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY ON ALIT DRIVE FOR SUPPLEMENTAL
PARKING FOR BANYAN'S BEACH (KOBAYASHI LEASE)
..� m
L -T63q
Figure 9. Project area plan view.
15
RC -0721
� � z
>
Figure 11. SIHP Site 28583 extending along western boundary of former LCAw. 5554,
view to the east.
16
Figure 12. SIHP Site 28583 at southern truncation with modern wall extending to the left (west),
view to the north.
RC -0721 or
Shovel Test Pits
As mentioned above, five shovel test pits (STPs) were excavated in a mauka/makai linear pattern across the
center of the study area; STP -1, -2, and -3 were placed makai of Site 28583 and STP -4 and -5 mauka of
Site 28583 (see Figure 9). The collective excavation of these pits did not reveal the presence of any buried
cultural deposits; items encountered in the shallow soil included glass, plastic, metal, coral, cow bone, and
shell. Stratigraphy observed within the STPs is as follows:
STP -1 20 centimeters deep silty loam l OYR 3/2, 7 centimeters deep silty clay loam 10
YR 3/6 on bedrock (Figure 13).
STP -2 20 centimeters deep silty loam IOYR 3/2, 5 centimeters deep silty clay loam 10
YR 3/6 on bedrock (Figure 14).
STP -3 3 centimeters deep silty loam 10YR 3/2 on bedrock (Figure 15).
STP4 20 centimeters deep gravel fill, 20 centimeters deep silty loam 10 YR 3/2 on
bedrock (Figure 16).
STP -5 5 centimeters deep gravel fill on graded bedrock (Figure 17).
..b...., a✓. 1 -1.
17
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x
Figure 15. STP -3.
18
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r pure 1D. 311-4.
r Igure 1 1. J 11 -J.
19
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SIGNIFICANCE EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
RECOMMENDATION
The above - described archaeological site is assessed for its significance based on criteria established and
promoted by DLNR -SHPD and contained in the Hawaii Administrative Rules 13 §13- 275 -6. This
significance evaluation should be considered as preliminary until DLNR -SHPD provides concurrence. For
a resource to be considered significant it must possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials,
workmanship, feeling, and association and meet one or more of the following criteria:
A. Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our
history;
B. Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past;
C. Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the
work of a master; or possess high artistic value;
D. Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on prehistory or history;
E. Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic
group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural practices once carried out, or still
carried out, at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs, events or oral accounts —
these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity.
The significance and recommended treatment for SIHP Site 28583 is discussed below and presented in
Table 3.
Table 3. Site significance and treatment recommendation.
SIHP No. Site Type/Function Temporal Association SigniTcance Recommended Treatment
28583 Boundary wall Historic D No further work
SIHP Site 28583, a Historic Period wall remnant, is considered significant under Criterion D, and has
provided information relative to middle nineteenth century use of the project area. The information
recorded from this site has sufficiently mitigated any potential impact that may be caused by the County of
Hawai`i's proposed parking lot development. No further work is recommended.
20
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a
21
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Hammatt, H.
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OVA
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122287. Prepared for Dillingham Trust.
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Rosendahl, P.
1979 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of the 72 -Unit Development Site (TMK:3 -7 -6-
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Sinoto, A.
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Soehren, L.
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1979c Letter Report: Parcels 10, 12, and 13 of TMK:7 -6 -14, in Holualoa, North Kona. Prepared
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Stokes, J., and T. Dye
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