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COM 0128.014 2010-2012
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(J ;9.e fr1h.5 t`eY�'�yL e -1i/ td i i i/r S j l i -3 o 4- A c., ,�(( %' 'TGkQCe rMC(.S G� �' i `r f I C `� 5 E (L-� �'i . -e � / I-111Q0 i` COl Yly Qy)- -clid q (il te1' (hh / ,l cp1-7,1,,t r1l c ' c// ;e( -�`;} c-f-It l S f-c{�!elialci )7-5 -1 e, .rtseL 0- fa��1 >r �t� a� X 7/e- T 't iep 5 f---r- r ' Ctrl 51 c r0.4 1-i rii - ?tvo t tct (ley/ y it /1 ac t1 -4/ /-cm A e' STRUCTUfj,AL DESIGN l /in e e i INO i� ve al r l�<�t /llCCli�l,%JS I r �4�4/1 ; CC�(Ji}Fy�ct4i�Ci dC`i).4Ci - 5G3: >� I q'�'C dJfn. nd Re�tt�ii� &II 6�';� l ' . ]n eea 4,3 el, ecm Co' ci - - I. l '�e fi • cis 1609.1.1 Determination of wind loads. Wind loads on every building or structure shall be determined in accor- dance with Chapter 6 of ASCE 7. The type of opening pro- tection required, the basic wind speed and the exposure category for a site is permitted to be determined in accor- dance with Section 1609 or ASCE 7. Wind shall be assumed to come from any horizontal direction and wind pressures shall be assumed to act normal to the surface considered. Exceptions: 1. Subject to the limitations of Section 1609.1.1.1, the provisions of SBCCI SSTD 10 shall be permit- ted for applicable Group R -2 and R -3 buildings. 2. Subject to the limitations of Section 1609.1.1.1, residential structures using the provisions of the AF &PA WFCM. 3. Designs using NAAMM FP 1001. 4. Designs using TIA/EIA -222 for antenna- support- ing structures and antennas. 1609.1.1.1 Applicability. The provisions of SSTD 10 are applicable only to buildings located within Exposure B or C as defined in Section 1609.4. The provisions of SBCCI SSTD 10 and the AF &PA WFCM shall not apply to buildings sited on the upper half of an isolated hill, ridge or escarpment meeting the following conditions: 1. The hill, ridge or escarpment is 60 feet (18 288 mm) or higher if located in Exposure B or 30 feet (9144 mm) or higher if located in Exposure C; 2. The maximum average slope of the hill exceeds 10 percent; and 3. The hill, ridge or escarpment is unobstructed upwind by other such topographic features for a dis- tance from the high point of 50 times the height of the hill or 1 mile (1.61 km), whichever is greater. 1609.1.2 Protection of openings. In wind -borne debris 1 regions, glazing in buildings shall be impact- resistant or protected with an impact - resistant covering meeting the requirements of an approved impact- resisting standard or ASTM E 1996 and ASTM E 1886 referenced therein as fol- lows: 1. Glazed openings located within 30 feet (9144 mm) of grade shall meet the requirements of the Large Mis- sile Test of ASTM E 1996. 2. Glazed openings located more than 30 feet (9144 mm) above grade shall meet the provisions of the Small Missile Test of ASTM E 1996. Exceptions: 1. Wood structural panels with a minimum thickness of 7.6 inch (11.1 mm) and maximum panel span of 8 feet (2438 mm) shall be permitted for opening protection in one- and two -story buildings. Panels shall be precut so that they shall be attached to the framing surrounding the opening containing the product with the glazed opening. Panels shall be secured with the attachment hardware provided. Attachments shall be designed to resist the compo- i 292 nents and cladding loads determined in accor- dance with the provisions of ASCE 7. Attachment 1 in accordance with Table 1609.1.2 is permitted for buildings with a mean roof height of 33 feet (10 058 mm) or less where wind speeds do not exceed 130 mph (57.2 m/s). 2. Glazing in Occupancy Category I buildings as defined in Section 1604.5, including greenhouses that are occupied for growing plants on a produc- tion or research basis, without public access shall be permitted to be unprotected. 3. Glazing in Occupancy Category II, III or IV build- ings located over 60 feet (18 288 mm) above the ground and over 30 feet (9144 mm) above aggre- gate surface roofs located within 1,500 feet (458 m) of the building shall be permitted to be unpro- tected. a 1609.1.2.1 Louvers. Louvers protecting intake and exhaust ventilation ducts not assumed to be open that are located within 30 feet (9144 mm) of grade shall meet requirements of an approved impact- resisting standard or the Large Missile Test of ASTM E 1996. TABLE 1609.1.2 WIND -BORNE DEBRIS PROTECTION FASTENING SCHEDULE FOR WOOD STRUCTURAL PANELS" ." FASTENER TYPE FASTENER SPACING ( nchea) Panel Span s 4 feet 4 feet < Panel Spans 8 feet 8 feet < Panel Span s 8 feet No. 6 screws 16 12 9 No. 8 screws 16 16 12 For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 pound = 4.4 N, 1 mile per hour = 0.44 m/s. a. This table is based on a maximum wind speed (3- second gust) of 130 mph and mean roof height of 33 feet or less. b. Fasteners shall be installed at opposing ends of the wood structural panel. Fasteners shall be located a minimum of 1 inch from the edge of the panel. c. Fasteners shall be long enough to penetrate through the exterior wall cover- ing a minimum of 1.75 inches into wood wall framing; a minimum of 1.25 inches into concrete block or concrete; or into steel framing by at least three threads. Fasteners shall be located a minimum of 2.5 inches from the edge of concrete block or concrete. d. Where screws are attached to masonry or masonry/stucco, they shall be attached utilizing vibration- resistant anchors having a minimum withdrawal capacity of 490 pounds. 1609.2 Definitions. The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of Section 1609, have the meanings shown herein. HURRICANE -PRONE REGIONS. Areas vulnerable to hurricanes defined as: 1. The U. S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico coasts where the basic wind speed is greater than 90 mph (40 m/s) and 2. Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands and Ameri- can Samoa. i i a It■ WIND -BORNE DEBRIS REGION. Portions of hurri- cane -prone regions that are within I mile (1.61 km) of the coastal mean high water line where the basic wind speed is 110 mph (48 m/s) or greater; or portions of hurricane -prone regions 2006 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE® c l.� +tl� c #. , t TIt^i1 orNQ `a wai► Is�'reicl�j' t../ n1csfcCsdyl �Js h��1 eZ- se fb ��1 • t 7 € STRUCTURAL DESIGN ,��_ 'r 'rc' 1 ' to (Ne 1. Cie - 411;te Ls ever , d,l- •€r,l (Iris 'ic h'en i s -- C (Artie ' o vfiker 7kt(hricote nca �e,tons �PR`r Hawaii. �% where the basic wind sped is 120 mph (53 m/s) or greater; or 1609.4.2 Surface roughness categories. A ground surface roughness within each 45- degree (0.79 rad) sector shall be determined for a distance upwind of the site as defined in Section 1609.4.3 from the categories defined below, for the purpose of assigning an exposure category as defined in Section 1609.4.3. Surface Roughness B. Urban and suburban areas wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closel spaced obstructions having the size of single -famil dwellings or larger. Surface Roughness C. Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 30 feet (9144 mm). This category includes flat open country, grasslands, and all water surfaces in hurricane -prone regions. Surface Roughness D. Flat, unobstructed areas an water surfaces outside hurricane -prone regions. This cat egory includes smooth mud flats, salt flats and unbroken ice. i 1609.3 Basic wind speed. The basic wind speed, in mph, for the determination of the wind loads shall be determined by Fig- ure 1609. Basic wind speed for the special wind regions indi- cated, near mountainous terrain and near gorges shall be in accordance with local jurisdiction requirements. Basic wind speeds determined by the local jurisdiction shall be in accor- dance with Section 6.5.4 of ASCE 7. In nonhurricane -prone regions, when the basic wind speed is estimated from regional climatic data, the basic wind speed shall be not less than the wind speed associated with an annual probability of 0.02 (50 -year mean recurrence interval), and the estimate shall be adjusted for equivalence to a 3- second gust wind speed at 33 feet (10 rn) above ground in Exposure Cate- gory C. The data analysis shall be performed in accordance with Section 6.5.4.2 of ASCE 7. 1609.3.1 Wind speed conversion. When required, the 3- second gust basic wind speeds of Figure 1609 shall be converted to fastest -mile wind speeds, Vfm, using Table 1609.3.1 or Equation 16 -34. (V3S —10.5) Vjm — 1.05 where: (Equation 16 -34) Vas = 3- second gust basic wind speed from Figure 1609. 1609.4 Exposure category. For each wind direction consid- ered, an exposure category that adequately reflects the charac- teristics of ground surface irregularities shall be determined for the site at which the building or structure is to be constructed. Account shall be taken of variations in ground surface rough- ness that arise from natural topography and vegetation as well as from constructed features. 1609.4.1 Wind directions and sectors. For each selected wind direction at which the wind loads are to be evaluated, the exposure of the building or structure shall be determined for the two upwind sectors extending 45 degrees (0.79 rad) either side of the selected wind direction. The exposures in these two sectors shall be determined in accordance with Sections 1609.4.2 and 1609.4.3 and the exposure resulting in the highest wind loads sh 11 be used to represent winds from that direct,ion.A t f lq,e Bgs c dt-p 5, s U/1 J/I are t rail Areq s � Gv - ,- A +[ qt l-1 c • Vas 85 90 100 105 TABLE y y d 1609.4.3 Exposure categories. An exposure category shal be determined in accordance with the following: Exposure B. Exposure B shall apply where the ground surface roughness condition, as defined by Surface Roughness B, prevails in the upwind direction for a dis- tance of at least 2,600 feet (792 m) or 20 times the height of the building, whichever is greater. Exception: For buildings whose mean roof height is less than or equal to 30 feet (9144 mm), the upwind dis- tance is permitted to be reduced to 1,500 feet (457 m). Exposure C. Exposure C shall apply for all cases where Exposures B or D do not apply. Exposure D. Exposure D shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by Surface Roughness D, prevails in the upwind direction for a distance of at least 5,000 feet (1524 m) or 20 times the height of the build- ing, whichever is greater. Exposure D shall extend inland from the shoreline for a distance of 600 feet (183 m) or 20 times the height of the building, whichever is greater. 1609.5 Roof systems. 1609.5.1 Roof deck. The roof deck shall be designed to withstand the wind pressures determined in accordance with ASCE 7. 1 0to6 -549 9rear- Y'!41ofiCe It -e e Ccas-ts betWeehrcI'o�Nd�C;�l� 1609.3.1 EQUIVALENT BASIC WIND SPEEDS',°,° 110 120 125 130 140 145 150 160 170 Vrn 71 76 85 For SI: I mile per hour = 0.44 m/s. a. Linear interpolation is permitted. c. V„ is the fastest mile wind speed (m00. t11�' 1 90 95 104 109 114 123 128 133 142 152 1�4y i S tea �Vai bQ l �tq f reg het:( CPI .-� �.�r - 41,� f��a� f t, e 11 t, y ��i'-61ey PR -.�s� fill �s f��c ao�llc�, 1 ,') b. V„ is the 3- second gust wind speed (mph). Ac q Sint, kw disc rah I tio'rt on t.1 tii re ar s- fo ss.1-rcirhira 1 ��(dV1 er �t I i1� o , 1- s fet ss)sp y1 �-,Ser`sh1 c C1I 1c(er4'j-lcrt Sj Wr�n� - � i�ro�lc Q rUs�nctnln ��/a � ��- �, /►�; x - �'Jfryl,14ere Ise ;tf -Jct./ 111. Res 2006 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CO E® 29 A 6 �; . r��Ul� ^tl� 1 n��nsl��� f ro a er 1- I 'I [ j 1 ■ el )1• 1 I / J P0i, STR9CTU/R�AL DESIGN c 5 �� fi1 �. [drt"h ClCil } Cfe 1 � Cre ciii- i5iii 111 lac &r-l�o I A t open al/ Theta ill / (wer •. V. ari-�i\cIhld 'I of t xvs : o r v� � � � �u far � nlCcd- el iii erattt cns so W/la'>< WIlt� ile toll Q[ [/ococ t t T �I � �hk SCr eh e. k a ,5041.e14/4c/i. re IQ ±e Use — cr' ,�' p 7, a r i l uiiii1n (es c � h� d�lolAl �Il �eq� c$es0n icrIC kot de-ffrnli it Ex osute C fe cries — tusq- he site ,cfeci, lc usirl y re 42syi, rriteri{• .r SM 1 gr .■�r 11,11 .111 am ler . fir■.a ■it.e,v AN �� as- Ahmilmm �'a� ■ll vI■t441111 irk . .r■■■a t4,t�y ,ostrtt 110(49) igrammimet mati,� +1 %'■site ■iii■` _ ��wr� �� CFA ; �.. ��■■■■■■6.rlrr•r iFiLI r.qs 11.411.0% ■ Ir^0 -t 1►ri • ; ■��• -�. �•■� ■'i ■ ■■�■■ ■■ ■�■■� M1rr■ 110 • °,'-'.' •w 120(54) 1■■■ ■ ■■ ■r■ - ■■■■■■■■■ .. Ilt:� ■■ir • . I�•..N.�s��i, ■■o7►h■ ! t /� ngl 1 s.AIS ■ ■ l �/110� .■■ri■■■■■■ ...■ ■ �i ►sue- ■■r■q ■ ■ti: �'••71+- ��q, .■■■■■■■■■/ ■■■��■■11 ►lpti lribs•■N•• s■ llk.00 641 •64,40 ol�;�t/. ■ /■■■ ■■ ■� .� .. ■r► ,,s ,,,r r I.a „li■� ;►it• !d`�4 mul■■■m■ tszl r. /.4- ''■,rIs• „.. tit,... -,00 .•.,, ,,,,, k„ ....40. j is- ■■■ ■■ ■� ■■■t 1 ■1 • �� •..! •Ili►- �� ■■, ■1 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■�rfi�`t� *:�•rrtiv�w,2�•: �:;���'���i�ij'd��i�I�i;t ■■■��■■�.m+ ■■ir s` ... t■eghli- m ter -�w,„s s.s • �! • �a■ ■dim �■ .r1�'1,►a lam■ --4 a■giandir.4•■� r r • � 41,41! MINIM Mswira•we 1111” v�. a: ?'� h4o':a + 'i oh... pow i Lar0 n k_, ,4. h ■ ■ ter- w1i� ,■4• .1102...y■[`t!P- - -ti. _ It ■�� += 04�.1��� ♦fir •,r�. �..a� ��!.,t, at L =`�� Wit l 'taileiolir itr w ArAirig*:�j• ■■I.���i i�11►� �itr^�K�aw�T.��� s. A� �,1� 130(58) �a�u�r1�►. { %- =�� Lt.1 >v�i`f i�0 i�I �• �` 140(63) , :1'� 140 63 ,���i +��i 140(63) t111)� �‘ ( ) •rA ■titer "' 150(67) �,� _�e1.,. NWI tiii `` 11,„, 150(67) le r�u 14;11 moll: Special Wind Region ?1 90(40) 100(45) 130(58) 140(63) 90(40) 100(45) 130(58) 110(49)120(54) Location Hawaii Puerto Rico Guam Virgin Islands American Samoa V mph (m/s) 105 (47) 145 (65) 170 (76) 145 (65) 125 (56) Notes: 1. Values are nominal design 3- second gust wind speeds in miles per hour (m/s) at 33 ft (10 m) above ground for Exposure C category. 2. Linear Interpolation between wind contours is permitted. 3. Islands and coastal areas outside the last contour shall use the last wind speed contour of the coastal area. 4. Mountainous terrain, gorges, ocean promontories, and special wind regions shall be examined for unusual wind conditions. FIGURE 1609 — continued BASIC WIND SPEED (3- SECOND GUST) 2006 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE® 295 489'Pti 1 ei^Q , f i' ✓1 •- 3. Designs using NAAMM FP 1001. re9Ic1l ete5j,9i'id�l t'PI ±fC(]ns /�`r9 • O 4. Designs using TIA /EIA -222 for antenna - supporting structures and (�Lrfdse' CCSI! antennas." ' W101.4 Revisions to Section 1609.1.2. Section 1609.1.2 is amended to read as follows: "1609.1.2 Protection of openings. In wind -borne debris regions, glazing in building haf► be impact- resistant or protected with an impact- resistant cover ;ng_ meeting the requirements of an approved impact- resisting standard or ASTM E 1996 and of ASTM E 1886 referenced therein as follows: 1. Glazed openings located within 30 feet (9144 mm) of grade shall meet the requirements of the Large Missile Test of ASTM E 1996. 2. Glazed openings located more than 30 feet (9144 mm) above grade shall meet the provisions of the Small Missile Test of ASTM E 1996. Exceptions: 1. Wood structural panels with a minimum thickness of 7/16 inch (11.1 mm) and a maximum panel span of 8 feet (2438 mm) shall be permitted for opening protection in one- and two -story buildings. Panels shall be precut so that they shall be attached to the framing surrounding the opening containing the product with the glazed opening. Panels shall be secured with the attachment hardware provided. Attachments shall be designed to resist the components and cladding loads determined in accordance with the provisions of ASCE 7. Attachment in accordance with Table 1609.1.2 is permitted for buildings with a mean roof height of 33 feet (10,058 mm) or less where wind speeds do not exceed 130 mph (57.2 m /s). 2. Glazing in Occupancy Category I buildings as defined in Section 1604.5, including greenhouses that are occupied for growing plants on a production or research basis, without public access shall be permitted to be unprotected. 3. Glazing in Occupancy Category II, III or IV buildings located over 60 feet (18,288) mm) above the ground and over 30 feet (9,144 mm) above aggregate surface roofs located within 1,500 feet (458 m) of the building shall be permitted to be unprotected. 4. Glazing in Occupancy Category II and III buildings that can receive positive external pressure in the lower 60 feet (18,288 mm) shall be assumed to be openings unless such glazing is impact- resistant or protected with an impact - resistant system. Exception: Glazing in Occupancy Category III buildings defined by Table 1604.5 of the following occupancies shall be provided with windborne debris protection: a. Covered structures whose primary occupancy is public assembly with an occupant load greater than 300. b. Health care facilities with an occupant load of 50 or more resident patients, but not having surgery or emergency treatment facilities. c. Any other public building with an occupant load greater than 5,000. 1609.1.2.1 Building with openings. Where glazing is assumed to be an opening in accordance with Section 1609.1.2, the building shall be evaluated to determine if the openings are of sufficient area to constitute an open or partially enclosed building as defined in ASCE 7. Open and partially enclosed buildings shall be designed in accordance with the applicable provisions of ASCE 7. Partially 55 i j•tlr -)c , Uric — �_,v..� (i. . It[I'__ ,' It(vi/ I /flip-'( ( "7 /TI C. • sy tc�e� • f�c ��,�ctc hern� � r/s e� 7n c ri f r! fi ii . �J )�t'YISc>�j C•�►o4 1t1� �i��� rl'i c-._1 d e roAe Cq /0i1S 'L/r S- �'!c? ►cfsic I Effectr�ie VViinpeed Contour for the Islan�waii 1;, t IeSWileCC' , (for components and cladding with mean roof height less than or equal to 100ft) Major Roads Effective Wind Speed (mph) 0 5 10 20 Miles 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A B C D E F 1 Land Use Agriculture Conservation Urban Rural 90 140 100 150 - - --- 110 - - -- 160 —• —•— 120 170 130 180 Click your area of interest to view enlarged map 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 �5.� G� rf�CrprfcQ�e ---/T7)09 `r VtlCct� 3 4 6 C VIA 6(1)-S • yi (Cc l t 7 I e 4:e dctc(S, / 611s /140 i,r5 re: 5 A B C D E F 2006 Supplement of the 2004 Florida Building Code 5/17/06 Figure 1609 Change to read as shown: - -� � �, ,� to ,- k tam 1 r ,:� �,, ',. �► ' 130,0 ALVI Wind -borne Debris Region Basic Wind Speed t) Values are maul deaigr, 3eecond gust eind Speeds mcries per hoer (npfh)at3'ifeet(10m)abanground tar Spasm C calepay. 2) This map is arnaab b ttr aunty. Local governments es:abash spec* tend spoedMftrarno debris lint U Pt7int ientenseas such as metarroads tarals. Avert. and amines. 3) Islands and coastal area outside Iheteet contour shall use the led 41dspeod canter di the comae area etfrisurellndultheektgegrreeeieinenseleeercenci- Isintemehicne— gPMetePaegesmaineeeeeSerienser— FIGURE 1609 STATE OF FLORIDA DEBRIS REGION & BASIC WIND SPEED Figure 1609 Delete notes 4 and 5 as shown: Section 1609.1.1 Change section to read as shown: 1609.1.1 Determination of wind loads. Wind loads on every building or structure shall be determined in accordance with Section 6 of ASCE 7. Wind shall be assumed to come from any horizontal direction and wind pressures shall be assumed to act normal to the surface considered. Exceptions: (1 through 2 and 4 through 9 unchanged.) 59 2006 Supplement of the 2004 Florida Building Code 5/17/06 3. Subject to the limitations of Sections 1609.1.1.1, 1609.1.4, and 1609.3, the provisions of SBCCI SSTD 10 IBHS Guideline for Hurricane Resistant Residential Construction 21105 shall be permitted for applicable Group R2 and R3 buildings for a basic wind speed of 130 140 mph (58 63 m/s) or less in Exposure B and 110 mph (49 m/s) or less in Exposurc C in accordance with Figure 1609 and Section 1609.4. Provisions for design wind speeds of 140 mph (63 m/s) in the Guideline shall also be permitted for buildings for a basic wind speed of 120 mph (54 m/s) or less in Exposure C in accordance with Figure 1609 and Section 1609.4 and provisions for design wind speeds of 120 mph (54 m/s) in the Guideline shall be permitted for buildings for a basic wind speed of 100 mph (45 m/s) or less in Exposure C in accordance with Figure 1609 and Section 1609.4. 10. Wind loads for screened enclosures shall be determined in accordance with Section 2002.4. Section 1609.1.1.1. Change to read as shown: 1609.1.1.1 Applicability. The provisions of SSTD -10 IBHS Guideline for Hurricane Resistant Residential Construction, the AF &PA Wood Frame Construction Manual for One- and Two- Family Dwellings, High Wind Areas, [Remaining text unchanged]. Section 1609.1.4. Change to read as shown: 1609.1.4 Protection of openings. In wind -borne debris regions, exterior glazing that receives positive pressure in the lower 60 feet (18.3 m) in buildings shall be assumed to be openings and the balance of glazed openings in the rest of the building shall be assumed to be zero unless such glazing that receives positive pressure is impact resistant or protected with an impact resistant covering meeting the requirements of SSTD 12, ASTM E 1886 and ASTM E 1996, ANSI/DASMA 115 (for garage doors and rolling doors) or Miami -Dade TAS 201, 202 and 203 or AAMA 506 referenced therein as follows: (Items 1 through 4 unchanged.) Impact resistant coverings shall be tested at 1.5 times the design pressure (positive or negative) expressed in pounds per square feet as determined by the Florida Building Code, Building Section 1609 for which the specimen is to be tested. Exception: 1. Wood structural panels with a minimum thickness of 7/16 inch (11.1 mm) and a maximum span of 8 feet (2438 mm) shall be permitted for opening protection in one- and two -story buildings. Panels shall be precut so that they shall be attached to the framing surrounding the opening containing the product with te-sevef the glazed openings with . Panels shall be predrilled as required for the anchorage method and all required hardware shall be provided. Attachment shall be designed to resist the components and cladding loads determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 1609.6.1.2, with permanent corrosion resistant attachment hardware provided and 60 Submitted as supplemental reference material to testimony by Tim Rees 959 -5023 Regarding Bill 270 (Draft 3) — Building Code http: / /www .city- data.com/blogs/blog22872 -do- you - really- need - hurricane - insurance. html Do you really need hurricane insurance in Hawaii? Posted 06 -07 -2011 at 11:02 PM by pbmaise Updated 06 -15 -2011 at 04:58 PM by pbmaise (clean up html) Hurricane Insurance - FEMA's Incorrect Classification of Hawaii A base homeowner's policy insures your home in the event of fire and a list of perils described as the "extended coverage endorsement ". Extended coverage covers in the event of windstorm, hail, explosion, civil commotion, etc. Almost all extended coverage endorsements will include coverage for hurricanes, unless, the home is in a hurricane -prone area. Lets first cover the difference between damage caused by a windstorm and damage from a hurricane. The only difference is hurricane damage occurs during an official hurricane watch or warning. If you lived in an area that wasn't a hurricane -prone area you would not need a separate policy to just cover hurricanes. Do you live in a hurricane -prone area? Lets examine the facts. FEMA decided arbitrarily to classify all of Hawaii together using these two definitions: Hurricane prone regions. Areas vulnerable to hurricanes; in the United States and its territories de *fined as: The U.S. Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico coasts, where the basic wind speed is greater than 90 miles per hour. Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. Wind -borne debris regions. Areas within hurricane prone regions located: Within 1 mile of the coastal mean high water line, where the basic wind speed is equal to or greater than 110 mph, and in Hawaii; or in areas where the basic wind speed is equal to or greater than 120 mph. Basic wind speed A 3- second gust speed at 33 feet above the ground in Exposure C. (Exposure C is flat open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 30 feet.) Note: Since 1995, ASCE 7 has used a 3- second peak gust measuring time. A 3- second peak gust is the maximum instantaneous speed with a duration of approximately 3 seconds. A 3- second peak gust speed could be associated with a given windstorm (e.g., a particular storm could have a 40 -mph peak gust speed), or a 3- second peak gust speed could be associated with a design - level event (e.g., the basic wind speed prescribed in ASCE 7). Source: http:// www. lema. gov/ Iibraryifile ?tvp...0- 000bdba87d5b Page 1of14 Notice how all of the State of Hawaii was tacked on like an after - thought. In other parts of the U.S. Only coastlines experiencing high winds or other areas of high winds was designated. Recently, FEMA coined a new term called a "Hurricane Susceptible Region." They define this as follows: Hurricane Susceptible Region: Southern US coastline from Gulf Coast of Texas eastward to include entire state of Florida. East Coastline from Maine to Florida, including all of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, and Washington DC. All of Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands. Source: FEMA: Wind Zones in the United State Again the entire State of Hawaii is tacked on like an after- thought. This is not exactly pono. Until FEMA came out with the new term "Hurricane Susceptible Region" Hawaii was the only State in the US to be designated from end to end front to back a "Hurricane -Prone Region ". Florida residents joined Hawaii under the new definition and are now both lumped together as "Hurricane- Susceptible ". FEMA's change required a whole lot more people in Florida to get hurricane insurance. Insurance companies buy something called reinsurance. This means they insure themselves in case there is a big demand. Reinsurance is a commodity sold on the open market. It makes no difference to the open market where the homes are. The market looks only at the rating given by FEMA. With so many more people in Florida now requiring insurance, the demand for reinsurance rose. The risk of reinsurance has also risen owing to recent expensive hurricanes. The net result is insurance firms found it very expensive to buy reinsurance. The expense was passed on to Hawaii residents. When Hawaii residents opened up their insurance bills and suddenly found huge hurricane increases, few figured out the main reason was they were grouped together with a very hurricane prone Florida. What does Prone and Susceptible Mean? According to the on -line Merriam Webster dictionary: Prone: having a tendency or inclination. Susceptible: open, subject, or unresistant to some stimulus, influence The argument made in Washington is not made based on facts. It is based on their logic: Hurricanes have damage some homes in the Pacific, your home is in the Pacific, so your home is susceptible to hurricane damage too. Lets first examine FEMA's logic in a slightly different way. Is this sentence logical? Rivers flood and damage some homes, your home is near a river, so your home is susceptible to flooding. If FEMA used this logic for flood zones there would be an uproar. Homeowners would pound down their door and shout, "What are you talking about? I live on a hill and have never been flooded. " To avoid the uproar, FEMA created maps showing where the flood zones were. They also provided a way to contest inclusion in the map: What are the FEMA requirements for removing a structure from the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) ? Page 2 of 14 To be removed from the SFHA shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM), a structure must be on land that is not subject to flooding by the base (1 percent annual chance) flood. Reference: FEMA: Frequently Asked Questions Therefore, it follows by FEMA's own logic, that if property owners in Hawaii can show there is a less than 1% base chance they will be effected by a hurricane, their property should be removed from a hurricane prone or susceptible region. What is the evidence of Hurricanes in Hawaii? Disclaimer: Nothing in this post should be taken as a recommendation for you to stop your own hurricane policy. It is up to you to review and judge evidence and determine your own risk. Also never cancel hurricane insurance if your lender is requiring it. It is a long road to fight your lender that simply will point at FEMA and say if they think you are in a hurricane prone area then you must be. Based on initial feed back for this plan, one thing became clear. Those that want you to buy hurricane insurance will claim that no amount of evidence you provide is enough. It is in their interest that you buy hurricane insurance and so they will always have a reason to claim your case has no merit. To a degree it is like claiming cigarettes are harmful to your health. The tobacco industry always had their studies and claims. Before you search for the evidence you should also realize that most lenders don't care if you are struggling to pay hurricane insurance. If they, in their own mind, think their investment is secure one tiny bit more, they will make you pay. Look carefully at each part of the Wind -Borne Debris Region definition. WIND BORNE DEBRIS REGION. Areas within hurricane prone regions within one mile of the coastal mean high water line where the basic wind speed is 110 miles per hour (177 km/h) or greater; or where the basic wind speed is equal to or treater than 120 miles per hour (193 km/h); or Hawaii. The best data that could be found on the internet for this plan was used to create this table. Judge for yourself what areas appear to be prone or susceptible to high winds and/or hurricanes. City, Values of highest recorded gust in top 4 months over 37 year period Hilo, Hawaii Island 55, 51, 47, 45 MPH Honolulu, Oahu 51, 51, 48, 47 MPH Lihue, Kauai 115, 66, 60, 59 MPH Caspar, Wyoming 81, 78, 68, 67 MPH Billings, Montana 85, 71, 71, 70 MPH Miami, Florida 170, 150, 145, 138 MPH (Period is over 100 years) Key West, Florida 140, 130, 130, 125 MPH(Period is over 124 years) Sources: Page 3 of 14 Western Regional Climate Center http: / /www.wrcc.dri.edul Hurricane City HURRICANECITY,Atlantic hurricane tracking,hurricane models and live hurricane coverage ,based in Delray beach,Florida Which Hawaiian city comes close to qualifying with FEMA's definition of a Wind -Borne Debris Region? Does it look to you like there is a 99% chance that some cities in the chart above are not likely to face high winds in a given year? Now before residents tranquil Hilo go running around with facts, remember you will get shouted down if you bring them to people that want to make you buy insurance. History of Hawaii an Hurricanes Hurricanes Dot (1959), Iwa (1982), and Iniki (1992) hit the island of Kauai. Each caused serious damage. Without a doubt the island of Kauai is prone and susceptible, whether all areas are subject to damage may be debatable. For any damage on Oahu and Maui, you have to look back to 1986. Estelle produced some flood damage owing to good size waves that impacted ocean-front homes. However, flood and hurricane insurance are two separate forms of insurance. Therefore, unless there was also wind damage, homeowners would not have received any insurance payout from their hurricane insurance carriers. For any "measurable" damage on Oahu, you need to look all the way back to 1957. Hurricane Nina passed by far out at sea and caused a mere $771,000 in today's dollars. That is less than the cost of two homes. Peak winds at Honolulu airport were listed as being "record breaking ". Most sites only seemed to want to make readers think how dramatic the winds were. It took some searching, however, record breaking was only 82 MPH. The figure 82 MPH was not listed in the table above since it was before the 37 year sample used to make the table. Records go back only so far. However, it is pretty safe to conclude that based on these reports, Honolulu hasn't recorded any winds over 82 MPH for the past 100 years. Look back up at the table of winds now and see how 82 MPH compares to Florida cities and look again at FEMA's designation. By the way, some estimates list hurricane Andrew's damage at $53,000,000,000. Other recent Florida hurricanes also reach in the billions of dollars. So how anyone can describe Nina's damage as measurable is debatable. FEMA's budget depends on running around and telling everyone the sky is falling. So it isn't surprising that FEMA isn't a good source for objective data about hurricanes. There is however, another US organization that spilled the beans. The USGS in their report state Oahu has not suffered a direct hit by a hurricane in its history. The same is true for other islands with the exception of Kauai. RZeference: http: // pubs. usgs.gov /imap /i2761 /sections /1 Intro.pdf In summary only Kauai has suffered any recordable history that would justify FEMA's designations. While a hurricane or two may have gone past other islands far out at sea, the only significant damage they wrought was flooding damage. Flooding damage isn't covered by hurricane insurance. Page 4 of 14 Lets look again now at how FEMA allows homeowners to get out of the classification as being in a flood area. Homes must have less than a 1% chance of being damaged in 1 year. Hawaii's history shows, with the exception of Kauai, far less than 1% of the homes were damaged over the past 100 years. That means in any given year, there is less than a 0.01% chance of suffering damage. Now with that in mind look again at all the old houses in Hilo that have some how managed to survive despite being built with single wall construction, and no hurricane clips. Theory of Hawaii Island's Protection From Hurricanes This section is only included in the plan as a possible theory. There seems to be something protecting some islands and not others. You are encouraged to not focus on theories as people get bogged down in debates. Focus on what is important, and what is important is getting FEMA to recognize all of Hawaii isn't hurricane prone. Remind who ever wants to debate you, you will still have hurricane coverage if one occurs, only now it will become part of your base insurance policy instead of a separate one. One good thing in your favor, is all the data has already been collected by the weather departments and US Government agencies, Disclaimer: The following is only a theory to account for the facts and history of hurricanes in Hawaii. It was not devised by supercomputers and not reviewed by a panel of experts with PhD's. It should not be used as the basis to make any decision about your own hurricane insurance options. 1. Heat taken from warm waters fuels hurricanes. 2. Taking away energy from a hurricane will reduce it's strength or kill it completely. 3. When you go up, each 1000 feet of elevation equates to a temperature decrease of roughly 3.5 degrees F. Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa rise over 13,000 ft and are cold masses of rock. Snows occur on these slopes between 9,000 feet and the summits. 4. The net surface area is huge since much of the surface is loose a'a flows. This means a very large area to quickly contact with any air. 5. Hurricanes need heat. The volcanoes are sitting waiting to absorb heat. 6. Hurricanes may be big, however, the most dangerous winds are near the center. This means the early outer winds of a hurricane contact the cold volcanoes long before the center arrives. 7. The warm moist air condenses into snow, heat is taken from the hurricane, and the hurricane grows weaker the more it approaches. Hurricanes contain an enormous amount of energy. However, the volcanoes are huge heat sinks and snow can be piled higher and higher. 8. Further, the volcanoes are tall enough to deflect much of the hurricane's winds high into the air. Once a hurricane's winds get pushed too high aloft, another defender from high above comes into play. That defender is the jet stream. One only needs to look at the Page 5 of 14 photographic and video evidence of what happened to hurricane Flossie to see this effect in action. 9. This is like a one /two punch that cools and rips a hurricane apart. The volcanoes have won every time. Before the high winds near the core of a hurricane can get close, the volcanoes have reduced it to nothing more than a "tropical storm ". A tropical storm isn't a hurricane and is covered by base insurance. 10. Another player that most not be forgotten is Haleakala on Maui. This volcano is so close to Hawaii Island's that the three of them together should really be considered like a wall of defenders. Haleakala may only rise about 10,000 feet, however, that is also adequate enough to change moisture into snow. It too will sap a hurricane and has the advantage that its too big siblings took the first swipe. 11. Hurricanes follow regular paths. This means islands that are close enough and behind the line of defenders are also protected. Oahu has little protection intrinsic protection from a hurricane, however, is close enough behind Hawaii Island and Maui to be in its wind shadow. Long term Honolulu residents will be the first to confirm winds from Hawaii Island can come right into the downtown area. After hurricane winds pass by Hawaii Island they are cooler and drier. 12. The net result on Oahu is they only get to watch hurricanes being destroyed by the front line of defense or experience the effect of a hurricane passing by far out at sea. 13. Ah, #13 on the bullet list was reserved for Kauai. Kauai is susceptible to hurricanes. There are potentially three reasons. It is the farthest from Hawaii Island and Maui so the three big defenders offer it little shelter. Kauai has its own "peaks" but they may just be high enough to attract a hurricane closer, but not tall enough to generate any snow. Finally, Kauai is fairly small especially compared to Hawaii Island. Other things to know. Florida has no protection like this. Florida's mean elevation is just 100 feet above sea level. The mean height for the State of Hawaii is over 30 times higher at 3030 feet. Hawaii Island is taller yet. Data sources included: List of U.S. states by elevation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Climate of Hawaii Avoid the Trap One trap to be aware of is FEMA and the government in general loves to do studies, debate, make coffee, go on field trips and spend money to evaluate facts that are plain as day. Politicians also tend to be weak before tenured bureaucrats and at best come back with vague commitments to study issues. FEMA certainly doesn't want to give in to giving up on the chance to send 20 select people from Washington for a trip to Hawaii the next time a hurricane like Flossie appears on the horizon. They all most have had a blast on their last trip to Hawaii. A few probably even ventured up to enjoy the snow on Mauna Kea. Do you think a single FEMA employee mentioned it seemed odd that yet again another hurricane managed to die magically at the foot of Hawaii's defenders? Of course not. They certainly had a much nicer time in Hawaii so why scratch it off their list and reduce their own budget? One thing lacking in FEMA's assessments by the way are the positives of hurricanes. All of that Page 6 of 14 snow meant one big celebration for residents. Many went up to the slopes and brought down pickup trucks filled with snow for snowball fights or to build snowmen in front of their tropical homes. Residents on the West side finally had some decent wind to go windsurfing. It is true some residents grumbled. In particular Flossie seems to have interrupted regular trade winds and almost all the moisture during its death fell high up on the slopes. Some areas that depend on rain didn't receive a drop of rain for several days as a consequence of Flossie's approach. Disclaimer: Hard evidence and history is what needs to be focused upon. Theory is just fun to debate and wastes time since people love to debate back. Further, nothing here should be taken as advice to stop buying hurricane insurance. It is up to you to do your own research. Absolutely do not discontinue hurricane insurance if required to buy it by your lender. You are certainly free to discuss all you want with them, however, it is 99% likely they will simply point to FEMA as ample justification. Recent Evidence Demonstrating Hawaii Island's Protection You only need to look at the pictures of the snow on the volcanoes after hurricane Flossie came close, to see how the heat was removed. You can also view this video in the link below to watch the jet stream rip large sections of the hurricane and carry it away. The large white streaks forming to the East as Flossie are clouds that developed when the moist warm air condensed into clouds high up in the jet stream. YouTube - & #x202a;llurricane Flossie Updated& #x202c; ‏ Or how about poor Felicia? Hurricane Felicia had maximum sustained winds of 140 mph Thursday, but forecasters predicted the storm, which is heading toward Hawaii, would weaken in the Pacific later in the day. The Category 4 storm's reduction in intensity was expected to come as it moved over cooler waters, according to the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida. Felicia could reach Hawaii on Tuesday morning, according to forecast tracks, but by that time storm will have weakened to a tropical depression with winds of about 35 mph. Source: Hurricane Felicia strengthens, heads toward Hawaii - ('NN Only 35 MPH? Oh Felicia what a disappointment, from 140 MPH down to only 35 MPH. That is barely enough wind to justify going sailing. Page 7 of 14 How about looking at every recorded "hurricaltiied to get near? It may seem from the list below that there are lot more hurricanes trying to hit Hawaii. However, satellites didn't begin tracking hurricanes till relatively recently. People in Hawaii didn't realize in the past that a rain shower they were getting was from a hurricane that died down upon approach. Reference: List of Hawaii hurricanes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1843 A cyclone found at sea was thought to be on a course for Hawaii Island, however, "Whether it even came close to Hawaii is unknown at this point." August 1871 A newsletter described a storm, however, "Damage is unrecorded." (If the damage was substantial wouldn't it have been recorded ?) November 1874: A possible tropical cyclone may have dropped over 20 inches (508 mm) of rain on Honolulu and southerly gales destroyed 23 homes, and damaging at least 50. (An effort was made to get more details on this storm. A website on Hawaii History.org makes no mention of a storm in this year, but did find it noteworthy that "Dillingham & Company receives first typewriter in the Islands." The New York Times printed several articles on Hawaii in 1874 and 1875 and a search of their website could not find any mention of this storm. Therefore, whatever damage occurred doesn't seem noteworthy enough to have reached there either. In 1874 homes were not built as robust as they are today and the amount of rain that fell may mean that a good portion of the homes were damaged by flooding. No mention is found of businesses or buildings interrupted by this storm. US Census figures for Hawaii only go back to 1900. However, we can use the fact that the 1900 population was 58,504 residents, to confirm that there were a lot more homes in Honolulu than the ones mentioned as being destroyed or damaged. The percentage of homes that rode out the storm, despite 1874 construction standards, was very high. So given: Homes were built to 1874 standards. The storm wasn't noteworthy to make the New York Times. There was no mention of buildings or business loss. Flooding must have been high with 20" of rain. The great majority of homes received no damage at all. Therefore, the storm did not arrive with winds in excess of 100 mph. If winds were anywhere near 100 mph damages would have been far higher. Page 8 of 14 December 1902— January 1903 Cyclone Froc. "No records of unusual weather were recorded." October 1906: A tropical cyclone passed about 60 miles (97 km) south of South Point on Hawaii Island. (Heavy rains were mentioned but winds don't appear to have been noteworthy.) November 1906: This cyclone must have been abnormally small or very weak, because climatological records show no unusual rainfall, wind, surge, or low pressure. (Why is this one on the list ?) August 1925: "High seas and gusty winds were recorded in Hawaii from a nearby tropical cyclone." (This report listed no damage.) 1938 "A possible tropical cyclone produced heavy wind and rain in the state ". (This report listed no damage.) July 1957: Hurricane Kanoa, after taking a long journey across the eastern Pacific, became a non - tropical circulation a few miles east of Hawai`i. The remnants of Kanoa brought welcomed rain. July 1971: Hurricane Denise dissipated before reaching Hawai`i, but brought beneficial rain of over one inch to dry farms and sugar plantations. August 1972: Hurricane Diana dissipated a few miles off shore of the Big Island, dropping over 10 inches of rain in some parts. (10 inches? That's it? The author of this report recorded more than 10 inches in a Kona storm in 2001.) September 1972: Hurricane Fernanda may have caused a flash flood near Waipio as it passed to the northeast. (Again flooding not covered by hurricane insurance.) July 1978: Hurricane Fico created 15 foot (4.6 m) waves, felled trees and knocked out power across the island state. (Notice no real reports of any measurable damages to homes. Further this year is in the 37 year of record data so winds didn't exceed threshold.) July 1982: Hurricane Daniel passed through the islands as a tropical depression, causing little, if any, damage. Page 9 of 14 August 1991: Hurricane Fefa dissipated shortly before landfall. Two people were injured by lightning. Locally strong winds occurred, with wind gusts reaching 58 mph (93 km/h) at some localities, mainly over Hawaii and Maui. (Another dissipated hurricane. Winds of only 58 mph don't come close to FEMA threshold.) July 1992: Hurricane Georgette brought locally squally winds over the state as a depression. Several large waterspouts were sighted off Hapuna Beach in the South Kohala district. (Yet another hurricane turned into a depression. But at least she had some waterspouts to look at. The author of this report watched 5 waterspouts while sailing his boat around Singapore area. None came from hurricanes.) September 1992: Hurricane Orlene struck Hawaii as a tropical depression. (Anyone see a pattern yet. Hurricane - - - -> Depression ?) July 1993: Hurricane Eugene dropped appreciated rain on the state as it dissipated. August 1993: Hurricane Fernanda brought heavy surf ... but no mention of winds. July 1994: Hurricane Daniel dumped 5 inches of rain. (Would Hilo residents notice a rain shower this light ?) July 1994: Hurricane Emilia caused damage to trees and foliage while passing south of Hawaii. (The trees don't seem to have been knocked over, just a few leaves blown off. Also what is damage to foliage ?) August 1999: Hurricane Dora caused minor wind gusts of up to 58 mph (93 km/h) on the southern part of Big Island as it passed south of Hawaii . (58 mph is a light breeze compared to what insurance companies want you to believe will happen.) August 2003: Hurricane Jimena brought up to 10 inches (254 mm) of rain as it passed Big Island. A gust of 53 mph (85 km/h) kt was recorded at South Point. (Big deal. So bring in the garden umbrella.) August 2004: The remnants of Hurricane Darby passed over the islands. (Remnants, dissipated, depressions, disappointments.) Page 10 of 14 September 2005: Hurricane Jova Rain. (More rain no winds.) September 2005: The remnants of Hurricane Kenneth brought locally heavy rainfall. (More remnants.) August 2008: The remnants of Hurricane Hernan brought moisture. (Wow!) October 2009: Hurricane Neki When Neki was a massive storm swirling over the Pacific Ocean, roughly 640 nautical miles (1,180 kilometers) west - southwest of the big island of Hawaii, it had an eye 50 km across and wind gusts of 136 mph. One website described it has a hurricane that "struck" the State of Hawaii. However, another site states Neki passed through the Papahanaumokuakea National Monument near French Frigate Shoals on October 23, by which time it had weakened to a tropical storm. Source: Hurricane Neki : Natural Hazards Source: 2009 Pacific hurricane season - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia August 2009 Hurricane Guillermo at landfall was a dissipating depression delivering a little rain with it's last final gasp. Source: 2009 Pacific hurricane season - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Why does it seem no one has told me about this before? In this case it is probably best to answer a question with a question. Who is going to tell you? Insurance companies won't tell you. They want to sell you policies. Lenders won't tell you. They like their investments to be more secure even if it hurts you. FEMA won't tell you. They are in the business of making risk seem big. People in Florida won't tell you. The more low risk homes in the pool the cheaper for them. People in Kauai won't tell you. The same reason. People that are forced to buy it won't tell you. The same reason. People that elect to buy won't tell you. They are convinced they need it. Politicians won't tell you. They worry about what if that tiny chance comes true and they are wrong. Researches won't tell you. The same reason. TV and news won't tell you. The same reason. Only a person forced to buy hurricane insurance against his better judgment who has the wherewithal to do research and spend time writing this article will tell you. Apparently there are few of us. Page 11 of 14 Who forces you to buy hurricane insurance? Lenders do. Lenders cannot sell to the secondary market unless their loans conform to standards, and some standards require the insurance. Fannie Mae's requirement is listed below. HUD, FHA, and Freddie Mac underwriter guidelines (UWG) are similar. All banks and credit unions require a property to be "adequately" insured. What adequately means appears to be subject to change at whim. Even though FEMA's designated "prone" region was listed for years, some lenders didn't go back to borrowers and demand hurricane insurance till after loans were closed. They then pointed to FEMA's designations as if they were something new they never heard of till after you obtained your mortgage. What started all this appears to be when entire State of Florida which wasn't in the first group "prone" was added to the second group "susceptible ". (Note: Apologies if this is confusing and you need to start at the beginning. This topic isn't easy to explain.) Fannie Mae Policy Regarding Hurricane Insurance Fannie Mae policy states: Fannie Mae does not accept hazard insurance policies that limit or exclude damage from windstorm, hurricane, hail, or any other perils that are normally included under an extended coverage endorsement. You should advise borrowers that if their hazard insurance includes such limitations or exclusions, they must obtain a separate policy or endorsement. littps://www.efanniemae.com/lc/sitho...e_Coverage.htm Banks and Credit Unions May Require Hurricane Insurance Portfolio lenders have greater flexibility to consider what is and isn't an acceptable risk and what is a sound practice. However, you simply just can't sit back and complain to your friends and post things on public forums. You need to help build a strong case, research, and go in and demonstrate the reasons it should be possible for you to elect to decline the coverage. Why is this important? You may be just one person, however, this issue effects every person. It effects the value of your house, your insurance bill, the price of your food, and the price you pay for a meal at a restaurant. If everyone, with the exception of Kauai, is paying for insurance they don't need, all those bills directly translate into your cost of living. Many are forced to buy insurance against their will and better judgment. Even people that obtained mortgages that didn't initially require insurance, found their lenders coming back long after closing demanding that they now take it out. Page 12 of 14 Imagine you are trying to sell real estate in Hawaii. If a typical hurricane policy costs just $450, this means a buyer can afford to pay $7,000 less. If buyers can afford less, fewer homes are sold and homes must be sold at lower prices. Further, future possible residents of Hawaii look at Hawaii's high hurricane costs that are coupled to Florida's. Retirees are less likely to buy in Hawaii when looking at that hurricane bill. Without these retirees home prices will continue to sag. This applies all the way up to the multi- million dollar homes. Money spent on hurricane insurance leaves the State of Hawaii. Hurricane insurance savings would stay in Hawaii where it would be recycled again and again to boost the economy and hence home values again. Reference: Yahoo Real Estate Calculator: How much house can I afford. Federal construction standards require more expensive construction in areas that are prone to hurricanes. This means it costs more to build facilities for residents. So what should I do? You and I cannot move Washington alone. It will take thousands of us objecting to being incorrectly listed as a hurricane -prone area. If we can move FEMA to redraw the hurricane map, your BASE policy would policy would provide protection. You could drop a special separate policy. Therefore, think of anyone with a voice. A voice that can collectively help shout all the way to Washington where FEMA sits and pretends your island is as dangerous as Florida. Forward them a link to this blog, ask them their opinion. Phone your real estate friend, ask if not needing insurance would boost your home value. Phone your insurance agent, ask if they could offer a policy where hurricanes are covered in the base policy to homeowners that do not live in hurricane prone areas. You may need to call a mainland agent that heard of areas that are not prone. Phone your lender, ask whether borrowers with hurricane coverage in the base policy can stop paying for a special policy. Phone that relative that moved to the mainland, ask if a lower cost of living would help them come back home. E -mail a link to this page and ask others for input. The FEMA and Hurricane Insurance Company Challenze If your job depends on making Hawaii residents think they live in a hurricane -prone area, produce evidence. Demonstrate 110 mph + winds that hit here on a regular basis. Demonstrate Page 13 of 14 wind damage during a hurricane watch or warning that justifies continued special policies. Explain why it snows in Hawaii. Another very strong flaw in FEMA's argument to keep all of Hawaii in a hurricane - prone /susceptible area is FEMA's apparent intentional failure to include other areas that have had a history of hurricanes. Specifically, California has been struck by hurricanes and there has been recorded damages that according to very rough estimates would amount to over $500,000,000 if one were to hit again. I've been researching cities like San Diego with its history of direct hurricane hits, and finding resident baffled by my question if they are buying special hurricane insurance. The sum answer appears to be no. I'm not suggesting that San Diego be added to the list of areas that must begin buying special hurricane policies just because they received a direct hit over 100 years ago. Rather I am shouting...why do we pay when we have never been hit and have clear evidence of hurricane resistance. Closing Recall the words FEMA selected and now compare them with the facts and evidence presented: Prone: having a tendency or inclination. Susceptible: open, subject, or unresistant to some stimulus, influence Is all of Hawaii lumped with Florida because the people of Hawaii are prone and susceptible? Philip Maise Pahoa Hawaii You may reference what I say here, however, use my name and town Example: Philip Maise of Pahoa Hawaii, states in his blog that " It Read more: http: / /www. city- data.com /forum %blobs /b1og22872 -do -You- really- need- hurricane- i nsurance.html #ixzz l Sbg3Ox5c Page 14 of 14 Submitted as supplemental reference material to testimony by Tim Rees 959 -5023 Regarding Bill 270 (Draft 3) — Building Code http:/ /blog.chron.com/primeproperty/20 1 l /03/ new - hurricane- model - could- sock - insurance - rates - availability/ New hurricane model could sock insurance rates, availability A new model used by insurance companies to measure the risk of hurricane damage could mean higher rates for those with property far from the coast. The new model allows insurers to more accurately measure the risk of losses due to wind damage, according to Risk Management Solutions, which announced an update of its model Monday. The company expects to see wind risk for hurricane -prone states, including Texas, to increase. In its own analysis of property portfolios, RMS found that loss results increased 20 percent to 100 percent, though there were some cases of decreases. Higher risk usually means higher rates. What individual insurers choose to do may depend also on what other models they use show and what the competition does. Rather than hike rates, insurers may decide to simply limit how much coverage they sell or stop renewing some policies to reduce risk, said Ross Buchmueller, president and CEO of Privilege Underwriters Reciprocal Exchange, which covers luxury homes. Buchmueller said he suspects companies that have been in the market for a long time will likely reassess how much coverage they sell in higher -risk areas. PURE just entered the Texas market last year and insures about 500 homes here. State Farm, the state's largest home insurer, said it is still evaluating what the model will mean for the company. RMS used more than $18 billion of claims data from the past twenty years and engineering research to update the model, including research after Hurricane Ike the company says provided new insights into Texas. "Claims analysis from Hurricane Ike reveals that roofs were damaged at much lower wind speeds than expected, given the understanding of construction quality and building codes," said Dr. Claire Souch, of RMS said in a press release. "Following the results of our analysis, we worked closely with engineering consultants to re- examine code enforcement and building practices throughout the U.S. hurricane states, including in regions where there have been few recent hurricane landfalls to really test the building stock." Ike also showed that damages can occur hundreds of miles inland, as losses piled up as far as Ohio. Buchmueller noted that the state insurance department would also keep an eye on rates. While the state doesn't look directly at models, which are considered proprietary, regulators can ask an insurer for information about what goes into the model and what comes out of the model, such as the expected annual losses, said Jerry Hagins, a spokesman for the department. What has happened to your rates since Hurricane Ike hit? —Purva Patel Page 1 of 4 17 Responses to New hurricane model could sock insurance rates, availability 1. john cobarruvies says: March 1, 2011 at 8:57 am Higher insurance rates in Texas? I couldn't be more surprised if I woke up with my head sewn to the carpet. 2. MrOldMan says: March 1, 2011 at 9:06 am Well of course — they're the only ones who haven't been gouged recently. It's their turn. 3. Linda says: March 1, 2011 at 9:13 am living right outside the 610 loop, our house on the sw side of town is now deemed to be in a flood zone. we went from $350 /year to $1500 /yr (and it's required since we still have a mortgage!). not happy. 4. jscotti says: March 1, 2011 at 9:35 am This is old news in Texas. All the major companies abandoned the coastal counties and much of Harris years ago forcing people into the insurance of last resort" aka TWIA. After Ike, TWIA jacked up all the rates in order to cover losses. Although they are a state run organization and non - profit they are still not in the business to lose money. 5. pdh42 says: March 1, 2011 at 9:40 am After getting snookered for over 50% of our loses during Ike and only getting around 44% payout state windstrom went up in their rates.... Our home is paid for so we told them to go fly a kite and will join others who are no self insuraning agains windstorm.... 6. Mandy G. says: March 1, 2011 at 9:44 am After Ike, our deductible went from $250, to almost $7000, with no reduction in rates, of course. I can hardly wait to sell our house and rent. 7. Mark says: March 1, 2011 at 10:05 am Insurance is a racket that plays upon fear. If you will stop buying the $3 lattes or hitting the mini -marts, you could save enough over a couple years to self - insure. I could write a book here but I'll cut to the chase, get out of debt,(including the Mortgage) and self insure. You want to "stick it to The Man" that is the best way out there to do so! 8. pinnywoodsrooter says: March 1, 2011 at 10:12 am More profits and bonuses for friends of Perry & Co. 9. Rick says: March 1, 2011 at 10:15 am My home is also paid for and with my annual insurance bill of almost $3000 I'm thinking about telling my insurance company to take a hike also. If I had placed the $3,000 a year into a bank account I'd have over $12,000 in that account for these last 4 years. No reason for some insurance peddler to drive a Lexus that I pay for. Page 2 of 4 10. bsprop96 says: March 1, 2011 at 10:23 am First flood insurance and windstorm insurance are two completely separate things. Secondly there has been hurricane damage far inland, even Cypress. So I do not know why the inland people should not also share in the higher premiums. That being said the insurance companies will go to great lengths to not pay claims. Pray that you never have to make a claim or just do not insure and FEMA will give you our tax money for free. Everyone should buy Flood Insurance even if you are not in a flood zone. Most floods are a result of poor drainage not Tropical Storms or Hurricanes. 11. andy says: March 1, 2011 at 10:26 am Insurance companies don't really have losses. They just send us back our money that we paid them for the years of coverage and no damage. They have the opportunity to invest this money and gain a profit. I'm tired of hearing about haw hard the insurance business is. They are the folks with the figures, tables and set their rates ( at least in Texas with out wonderful board). They have all the info and then whine because they made bad assumptions. Cry babies. 12. bkbirge says: March 1, 2011 at 10:50 am "The new model allows insurers to more accurately measure the risk of losses to wind damage" Funny how the insurance companies new models always end up with consumers getting their rates hiked, never decreased. They must have an entropy term in there. 13. VintageCognac says: March 1, 2011 at 1:55 pm My insurer, All State, paid me $816.00 for my Hurricane Ike damages. I paid $7823.00 out of pocket to repair my damages.lnstead of being in "Good Hands ", I got a finger. 14. pdh42 says: March 1, 2011 at 2:00 pm People who own their own homes need to think about self insuring for wind.... TWIA paid me around 44% of the claim after Ike.... Then they started going up in rates.... My bill was 1200 per year.... I have had 3 claims in the last 29 years. Since I have been with TWIA I went through Ike and with the damage being a little over 10k and they paid me 4400 At 1200 per year if I don't have to pay out anything then I would have that amount to put into it.... If nothing happened for 10 years and I continued to put that money up I would have over 12000 if something happened..... Over the last 29 years I have had 15000 in damages.... Seems like it is a no brainer to self insure now.... 15. David says: March 1, 2011 at 2:21 pm The number of storms predicted have caused rates to raise for the past two (maybe 3) years. Since there were no hurricanes despite these predictions why wouldn't there be a credit? We paid more expecting losses... no losses experienced means at SOME point we should get to pay less. Or am I crazy? This is crap. But the really sad part is there is nothing joe insurance customer can do about it. 16. faithfulflunkie says: March 1, 2011 at 3:07 pm What this really says is that we're are screwed big time. My insurance rates have gone up every year that I can ever remember. Ever since the first home I ever owned. Doesn't matter, I expect my rate to go up again Page 3 of 4 this year. I have never, ever had a claim against my insurance. Not even for Ike. So much for the insurance board here in TX. They are just pawns in the insurance companys hands. It is going to get to a point that people won't be able to afford a home. Not because of the payment but, because of the taxes & insurance costs. 17. Good grief says: March 7, 2011 at 4:11 pm Although TWIA is pretty awful they will only insure houses in counties right along the coast (i.e. Galveston, Brazoria, Chambers) and will not cover anyone in Harris County (unless you're east of HWY 146, then they'll do it). These counties are on the front lines and will always get pounded first and worst. If your business was going to get socked like that you'd likely steer clear of it to. Its just too bad TWIA is really the only option at this point. Flood insurance is all underwritten by FEMA and the National Flood Insurance Program. Additionally, insurance companies don't dictate whether you're in a flood -plane or not, the Army Corps of Engineers does. If you don't like it there's not much you or your insurance company can do. Our area of TX has been fortunate in that we haven't had any real issues the last couple of years but that's definitely not the case across the rest of the state. The Dallas-Ft. Worth metromess has many, many more issues than we do each year but because insurance has to place everyone in a "pool" we all bear the losses. And, yes, insurance companies do make most of their money through investments (they're lucky to break even on the underwriting side, meaning if they take in as much premium as they pay out for claims they're doing well). But do you think they're making money in the stock market while the rest our of 401(k)'s tank? Very doubtful. They're impacted by this as much or more than we are. I don't like it either but when you some of y'all talk about self - insuring because you've got $15,000 saved up you need to think about the folks on Bolivar after Ike (did you read the part in the article where it mentioned losses piling up well into Ohio ?). There's not much $15,000 is going to do for you when your house is floating off into the Gulf of Mexico. Just some food for thought... Page 4 of 4 Submitted as supplemental reference material to testimony by Tim Rees 959 -5023 Regarding Bill 270 (Draft 3) — Building Code http:/ /www.usinsuranceonline.com/home- insurance /policy- types/hurricane- insurance.php Hurricane Insurance A home by the seaside could have been your dream come true but not anymore. Ever since Hurricane Katrina, the hurricane insurance could just be impossible for you to afford. This hurricane insurance coverage has sky rocketed and people having homes on the hurricane -prone areas are distraught. The rates have gone up by 100% and even in some cases 200 %. What's more, these rates for hurricane insurance are all the more difficult to digest since the insurance rates for inland homes have gone down steadily. In Florida for instance, the rates of hurricane homeowner's insurance have simply skyrocketed and people are backing out of real estate deals rapidly. In Mississippi, there was a proposed increased of insurance rates by 397% for the privileged homes, which was reduced to 90 %. There is definitely a scheduled rise in the future, however. On top of that, don't forget to add to this hurricane insurance coverage the costs of fire, flood, and liability coverage. If some of the residents have to face intensive price hikes for insurance, some are simply unable to get any hurricane insurance coverage at all. This is because insurance providers have refused to provide hurricane homeowner's insurance altogether. The rising odds and the recent huge claims by the people covered in their packages have discouraged insurers from seeking any business in the field. This behavior by insurance providers is being considered as an over- reaction or a too protective strategy, as some of the areas do not have a risk of Category 4 hurricane like Katrina. The hurricane scientists, though, have described some areas as prone to hurricanes in the next 3 years, so the insurance companies want to be safe now rather than repent later. Insured losses last year had reached a record $58 billion, and insurance companies don't want to undergo that sort of damage for a second time. The hurricane insurance policies have very little chance to be renewed for the current year, as that would still mean a risk for insurers. Some of the people will be forced to sign up for Citizen Property insurance, which is state- backed. Even the private insurance providers won't be ready to take on people who have not recovered previous damages. The state -aided funds are also running a deficit balance and will not prove to be very useful for the people who are practically uninsured. The coming hurricane season is again going to be problematic for the people who previously had hurricane insurance coverage. The debate between the state officials grows, but will it have a result in time so that the people can be sure of having hurricane insurance coverage? Having talked about seeking new hurricane insurance coverage or renewing the existing one, we'll also talk about what to do when you have to seek a claim from your agent after a hurricane. Contact the agent who handles your insurance to file a claim for your home. You should not live in the house if you feel that it is dangerous to do so; if that is the case, and then give a forwarding address. Do take photographs of any water that is inside and also of all damaged personal belongings; save whatever belongings, which have not been destroyed. If you do not have specific hurricane homeowner's insurance, then there is little chance that your homeowner's insurance policy will cover damages due to flooding. Yet don't lose hope: Read your policy carefully and find out what damages are covered under it, and there might be a chance that you could possibly recover part if not all of whatever has been damaged. Page 1 of 1 Submitted as supplemental reference material to testimony by Tim Rees 959 -5023 Regarding Bill 270 (Draft 3) — Building Code http:/ /insurance. about.com/od/home /a/Florida- Hurricane- Risk - Management- Assessment.htm Florida Hurricane Risk Management Assessment By Michael Meulemans, About.com Guide June marks the beginning of the hurricane season so a new study just released that predicts widespread damage in Florida's interior counties is causing a storm of reaction within the insurance industry. Property/ Casualty insurance companies traditionally have used the study to determine homeowner premiums. The study by Risk Management Solutions, "fhe Tampa "Tribune reported, "has the insurance industry abuzz with speculation about how the findings' ripples will affect insurance rates for homeowners ". The Risk Management Solutions model — suggests that the state's interior spine, which has insulated from the raw destruction of hurricanes, may be more vulnerable to serious damage than previously assumed. This data has been collected since 2004 when a stream of hurricanes climbed up the state from south to north. The model also has been validated against industry loss reconstructions for more than 20 hurricanes that made landfall and caused some $180 billion in losses since 1985. The 422 -page hurricane damage study recently was accepted by the state as one of a handful of models that insurance companies rely on to set rates. The news was not all bad, however. The study also concluded that wind damage along the coast may be less than expected because the buildings there are built better. One reason why they are built better is presumably because they have been recently rebuilt due to hurricane damage suffered in those hurricanes that have occurred on the Florida coasts int he recent past. Because insurers use this model to adjust rates, its possible that insurers will increase insurance poremiums for thos homeowners in Florida's interior communities. Jim Massie, spokesman for the industry trade group Reinsurance Association of America reacted by saying, "The models are just tools for companies to use in trying to assess their hurricane risk." Insurance rates could go up in interior parts of the state, he speculated, and they could go down along the coast, if companies incorporate the Risk Management Solutions model. Page 1of2 Massie also noted that such changes in rates must be approved by the state's Office of Insurance Regulation, he said. The requests for rate changes are either approved, approved with modifications or rejected, he said. Risk Management Solutions of New Jersey compiled the actuarial report and submitted it to the Florida Commission on Hurricane Loss Projection Methodology, which approved it in May as one of the five risk - management models used by insurers in setting rates. In addition to using the model to set premium rates, the model also is used by insurers doing business in Florida in deciding whether or not to continue coverage in certain areas of the state, said Jack Nicholson, chief operating officer for Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund. Insurers do not take lightly the decision to withdraw from insurance markets. When State Farm withdrwew in 2009 fromm the Florida property insurance market they said it was not due to hurricanes, but obviously it was a factor and was reported by the St. Petersburg "Times. The realization that hurricanes can cause extensive damage to the interior of the state was realized seven years ago when a handful of storms marched up the peninsula, he said, devastating inland communities previously thought relatively safe from hurricanes. Coastal properties still can be damaged by storm surge, he said, but buildings along the shore nowadays have been rebuilt to withstand hurricane force winds, so the risk of widespread wind damage along the coast is less than in previous years. Hurricane season began on June 1 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has predicted between 12 and 18 tropical storms this summer, with six to 10 becoming hurricanes. Of those, NOAA expects three to six to grow into Category 3 or stronger. Hurricanes have not provided a direct hit on the state of Florida since Wilma in 2005, and it's not easy coming up with risk assessments in the meantime, according to one of the other models, submitted by AIR Worldwide Corp. In other words, Florida is overdue. "Property values change, along with the costs of repair and replacement," the report said. "Building materials and designs change and new structures may be more or less vulnerable to catastrophe events than were the old ones. New properties continue to be built in areas of high hazard." Ryan Ogaard, Risk Management's senior vice president, said models are fine -tuned every two years. They have to be, with constant advances in technology and data collection, he said, as well as adjustments with data from new storms incorporated. Page 2 of 2 Submitted as supplemental reference material to testimony by Tim Rees 959 -5023 Regarding Bill 270 (Draft 3) — Building Code http: / /www .city- data.com/blogs/blog22954- book - report- hurricanes.html Book Report on Hurricanes Posted 06 -12 -2011 at 06:00 PM by pbmaise Updated 06 -12 -2011 at 07:44 PM by pbmaise (Grammer or html or add link) A book report or term paper on hurricanes should include information your instructor doesn't know. Almost all teachers think there is nothing more powerful than a hurricane. That isn't true. Hawaii has been defending itself against hurricanes with two things more powerful. Both land and the jet stream are more powerful and Hawaii has both. Better yet, Hawaii has hundreds of square miles of land on the summits of tall volcanoes that steal moisture and heat from a hurricane and make snow. They also deflect air up into the jet stream where it gets ripped away and turned into ice crystals. Only Kauai is hurricane prone and the rest of Hawaii doesn't get damaged. Hawaii defends itself so well that it wasn't till recently that residents learned some big rain showers came from hurricanes that tried to hit and failed. To watch a satellite video of a hurricane die at the feet of a volcano see: YouL ube - & #x202a;l lurricane Flossie Updated& #x202c : &rin Another video of this same hurricane and TV report is here...before you look at it..notice the huge streaks of white clouds in the first photo. Those are ice crystals being ripped off Flossie and being pushed into the jet stream. http: / /www.youtube.com /all comments' ?v =hEV I I -8Jzl Also there are more details about Hawaii hurricanes on these two links: List of Hawaii hurricanes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://www.city-data.comfblogsiblog2...insurance.html You should finish your book report with a sentence like... Now that we can see how Hawaii defends itself from hurricanes, can we use that to deflect the jet stream to kill hurricanes in the Atlantic? Note: Page 1 of 2 If you are a college student doing a term paper, then you should include the facts listed in the blog I wrote about how FEMA arbitrarily group all of Hawaii as being in a hurricane prone zone with no evidence. In fact, evidence shows the other islands have had no significant wind damage in hundreds of years. Yet residents are having to pay for special hurricane insurance that should be part of their standard homeowner's policy. Yes that part is complicated...but that is why you want to get an A on your paper. If you are a post graduate university student doing a thesis on Hurricanes, closely evaluate the video of hurricane Flossie being ripped apart by the jet stream. Notice the large clouds formed by ice crystals that appear to the East of the Hawaii Island. It would be best if you made some attempt to estimate the both the total moisture dropped as snow on the peaks, as well as that moisture you see carried away. Everyone keeps saying there are trillions of BTUs of energy in a hurricane, however, there are billions of lbs of snow that can drop on a hurricane. Each lb takes away about 12,000 BTU from the storm. In a thesis, you may also want to cover the different and ideas floating about on how people think it might be possible to stop a hurricane. Focus in on how any of those methods can remove about 20 to 100 trillion BTU of energy as the bench mark of whether it has any chance to succeed. For example people ask about using cold water, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, and powders that are endothermic. Another good thing to track is that hurricane list on Wikipedia and compare it to snow data on the summits. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** Write me and tell me how your teacher or professor reacts to learning new information. You are free to use information I collected. However, do not cut and paste large sections of text I wrote. Use it as reference material to write it in your own words and add some research from other websites. If you mention insurance, please do not recommend that anyone drop coverage. They should carry it as a special policy or should fight to get FEMA to drop the hurricane prone designation so it can be included in base policy. Good luck on your book report, term paper, or thesis and save your money to come to Hawaii and watch a hurricane get destroyed by a volcano. Philip Maise Pahoa Hawaii Read more: http: / /www. city- data.com /tbrumiblogsiblog22954- book - report- hurricanes.html #ixzzl SbtsDSDy Page 2 of 2