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Home My WebLink AboutCOM 0341.003 2010-2012Emerging issues: Update on the status of priority pests and weeds on th island of Hawai i. Jan Schipper (BIISC Kona: Monty Richards (Kahua Ranch) Hilo: Flint Hughes (USDA -FS) Jake Muise (BIISC Deer Project Outline • Axis Deer • Albizia • Little Fire Ant • Poison Devil's Pepper • Coffee Berry Borer ENV IMPACTS AGR Health 1 Comm. No. 311 / • 3 Ref. To: Pty EM G Ref. Date SEP ��Tt 1 History in Hawaii: [as seen in Waring, 1996 (much after Tomich 1986)] 1868- January, 8 axis deer released on Molokai (3 bucks, 4 does, one male fawn). Several transferred to Oahu 1888- - 1000 animals on Molokai 1898- herd well established at Diamond Head 1900- - 7000 animals on Molokai 1901/2- Hired hunters kill >3500 animals on Molokai 1910- second herd established in Moanahua Valley (escaped captivity 1910 - Lennox) 1920- 12 deer transferred from Molokai to Lanai 1938- Peak of Moanalua Valley popin. 1950- Deer scarce in Oahu by this time 1958- August, Estimated 1500 on Molokai (a FEW deer along Kaulapapa peninsula) estimated 700 -800 on Lanai 1959- September, 5 axis (2 bucks, 3 does) released at Pu'u o' Kali on Maui 1960- July, 4 addl. deer (1 buck, 3 does) released at Ka'onoulu Ranch near 1959 site on Maui 1961- 3000 animals estimated on Molokai 1500 -2000 estimated on Lanai (by Graf /Nichols) 1675 deer on Lanai reported () 1962- - 25 deer left on Oahu, gone shortly thereafter 1968- - 90 animals estimated on Maui 1995- »500 animals on western slope of Haleakala alone 200? Illegally introduced onto the Big Island 1 This is not the first time axis deer threatened the Big Island.... Harold Lyon in November, 1950 regarding the proposed release of axis deer at Pohakuloa Training Area on the Big Island: "They will range in the cane fields as well as in the forests... The deer can graze down the forage grasses and other plants much closer to the ground than can the cattle, so in all overstocked pasture the deer can thrive while the cattle starve" 2 Where? Confirmed: Ka'u and South Kona Reported: North Kohala How Many? 2 -600!! Sample size =2 Rumors =300- 600+ Project Status Form ad hoc working group - four meetings - initiate strategy (survey) - start up funding (DLNR $200k) Get Political and Agency Support - briefing of Governor Abercrombie - Senator Kahele (local champion) - briefing to HISC (Aila and Kokobun) 3 Project Status • Determine extent and size of population • Rule changes (DLNR & HDOA) • Legislative changes (interisland transport) • Stop smuggling operation (enforcement) • Fundraising • Outreach and awareness - Out greatest challenge is convincing people that this is a problem. THIS IS NOT BAMBI!! Next Steps (needs) Build strong local allies and supporters - Cattlemans association, farmers, hunting clubs, etc. Education Campaign - general public does not understand the threat to agricultural livelihoods and economy Initiate strategic plan - developed by ad hoc working group 4 Axis Deer: Direct impacts • Native Vegetation • Crops /Nurseries /Ornamentals • Golf Courses • Erosion /Watersheds • Archaeological sites (stone walls, heiaus...) ♦ Cattle Ranching ♦ Deer - vehicle collisions • Diseases issues (Leptospirosis, E. coli, Cryptosporidiosis, cattle TB) Indirect impacts: -Fence damage, Firearms Safety & Poaching OVER PogkAr,ON 04 -29 -2011 22 :18:09 AG: Deer are grazers and browsers, directly compete with cattle and eat numerous cash crops (coffee, vegetables /row crows, orchards, etc) FENCES: preliminary figures indicate the short term financial impact alone could be well over $200 million dollars to island residents 5 South Carolina: Planes hitting deer at upstate airport 6 Likelihood of Deer - Vehicle Collision -.1 High risk states Medium risk states LiLow risk states amMr otcammo. r 141 .2009 slate Farm Mutual Automobile insurance compare Likelihood of any one vehicle in the United States colliding with a deer over the next 12 months — 1 in 208 Chronic Wasting Disease Distribution in Free - ranging* (by County) and Captive ** Cervids CWD detected in free - ranging cervids o Captive cervid herd with CWD - depopulated • Captive cervid herd with CWD - current Use of counties as display units overestimates the true distribution of CVoD "Locations of captive facilities are approximate and provided by USDA /APHIS Veterinary Services USGS au ab. Mg* bvw Updated September. 2005 7 Established` and reported" distribution of the Lyme disease vectors Ixodes scapularis (I. dammini) and Ixodes pacificus, by county, United States. 1907 -1996 .:wa,,.�� 'at least 6 ticks or 2 life stages (larvae, nymphs, adults) identified. "at least 1 tick identified. Vector presence r Established Ixodes scapulars Reported Ixodes scapularis rstablished 'codes paciticus Reported (codes pacdicus CDC 8 Maui Raising conservation fences to 10 feet Likely need to start fencing OUT deer from cattle ranches Reported Deer - Vehicle Collision Data on Maui 'Data Compdw by eleven a PIPerson PhD Map Created by: wwnal Palk Mamaen.ra GIS 'Ir. /JfR!I Data Derived from: vwi Dept d l art n N+N ai ape,, Sarvage Itpt.rt Maw Pore Depot ,/* d. CPI pans (t9P, - el$J.YII Pram. Para 5666e (9/16198e1 Y1CCC) Ntt 2011 Scott Meidel — Haleakala Ranch: "Axis definitely eat kikuyu and pose significant competition to cattle. For example, last June when we knew we were in for it, we did some analysis and drew up a drought plan that suggested we had forage to carry us through November. Turns out that the forage tanked in July /August as the drought response dynamics of the deer kicked in....they went from browsers to grazers, aggregated into herds of 500 -700+ and they slowed their movements. The concentrated mechanical and consumptive damage of deer under those conditions kicked our a** and rendered our drought plan useless...costing us six figures worth of supplemental feed. destocking, death loss and premature sales. Farmers took it in the shorts big time, as well." Recent Media "Mayor seeks to give more attention to sustainability" Maui News "Resolution urges gov't to help abate deer population" Maui News "D'oh! A Deer" Maui News "Axis Deer on Big Island, Hawaii A New Threat to Native Birds" (ABC) "As numbers spiral out of control, experts SETTING SIGHTS on spotted axis deer" (Maui News) "Confirmed sightings of Axis Deer reported on Big Island" Hawaii 24/7 "Farmers fret over invader" Tribune Herald "Oh, Deer" Big Island Weekly "Axis deer spotted on Big Island" West Hawaii Today 9 Albizia (Falcataria moluccana) Rapidly becoming the most abundant (and dangerous) tree in Hilo, Puna Grows up to 150 feet high Fast growing (100 feet in 10+ years) Soft wood easily breaks Outgrows all other species • Menace to power lines, roads, infrastructure • Among the most expensive and damaging trees in Hawaii (single tree can cost $5 -10k to remove) Invasive Tree Mapping in Hilo, Hawaii: Distribution Model and Hazard Analysis of Molucca Albizia (Falcataria moluccana) Hawairan Island vecix Ocean Big Island Swey.+ea aea and Shea Fee^ Legend Study Area - Road Stream Modelled Albizia Distribution Occurrence Stream within 30m Road within 30m Control Priority (Surveys) �.:: High Medium Low rob mar nFmO. +M] M,ye DM Wok GKnn Ouirab< 0006, tiM'nn u .w uGpwWr: ywie kwsW,us. ii'E'l0"w 10 ri/i:',it .., , t, . I. or ■ . . . , i 44 .1, 11 " . ' 0,1i 0 flop • • 4, 'U., . r t A II 0,t. Where is Mauna Kea? 12 13 Solution • Communities need to work together to plan removal from state, private and absentee lots. » Communities need support • State /county supported wood chipper ?? Little Fire Ant • Now in almost all Hilo beach parks — affecting tourism • Creating livelihood shifts away from agriculture — keeping farmers and residents indoors • Causing blindness in pets • Typically not considered a problem by residents until they have LRA WIN01111011M-ViVIIVI _THE WILE J1711111EOW "'a. IMP.%rr 181 \11111 \1. 1111. 11111.1. 11111..1 \1,.,.. ,. .., • "•• •.""•' °•'"•"'•.• REPUM,1N1. 1111 111111 1181 1.1 PLEASE IIELP- REfOLIE AN I' %DF.RCIIIE ER ANT D "i SIT .P1R NT'FREEN.11!IARU 14 Little Fire Ant • Current problem: stinging a lot of residents (annoying) • Future: decrease agriculture and tourism (economic and sustainability impacts) • What can be done: raise awareness, report populations, get your community involved. www.littlefireants.com Little 411# Fire Ant Infestations Hawaii Island --- is c........ ,,,_, : a:: � • West VA Loc 6RSair/eSYeE Area ... ■ d Z Il 0 5 10 20 30 40 = Implications 'DAB NG�� KEEP OUT QUARANTINE • As with other invasive species (coqui, etc.), the Big Island has become the source of contamination for neighboring islands • How much longer before consumers start to look elsewhere for their good — somewhere that is not becoming overrun with invasive species? Its already started...how much longer before there is no export market? 15 Poison Devils Pepper (Rauvolfia vomitoria) in North Kohala Coffee Berry Borer • Impacting coffee around the world ($90 billion in damages) • Resulted in Kona Quatentine • Working group formed 16 Coffee Berry Borer Coffee Berry Borer tHypothenemus hampei) Hawaii Survey Map ICs Panne,* HOOP, oIa by 10 S PPCI Data Sencen.S.r.r Conubut.0 by 1100k S. SCTMrq Coordinate System Prom Condinat• SIn•m, UTM NAP 03 Mop t.d UMd by 0000. Plant Pen Control Smoot Pnlad M•y I1, 3111 ®300 P.M Pozaarea 2611 • cos Poe. ewe0ube, ciao >,....001 • CBB0.gSfl ewe liswamooM Established on Leeward side Incipient population near Pahala Vector: workers CBB Solution • One of the recommendation from the Hawai i__i i CBB working group is "reservoir" control • It seems that feral coffee (wild, unmaintained or non productive) may be retaining beetle populations when farms are treated • SOLUTION: Campaign to get rid of feral /wild coffee (starting 2012) 17 18