Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0271.333 2012-2014 J Yoshimoto COUNTY CLERK Cuurr i I U.- HAWAII From: Unmani Cynthia Groves <unmanib @maui.net> Sent: Monday, May 13, 2013 12:00 PM 2013 MAY 20 PM 4-. 03 To: J Yoshimoto Subject: Ordinance 79 Testimony Attachments: Testimony Ordinance 79 Ad.doc Comm. N a •3 Rcf. To: M?G 1 Ref. Date 2 2013 Testimony Ordinance 79 Addition RE: GMO Prohibitions Scheduled for May 14, 2013 9:00 a.m. Public Safety and Mass Transit Committee Council Chambers Aloha Honorable Chair and Council members, I am a health care practice management consultant to professionals and active member of the Alliance of Maui Community Association. Kihei Community Association Planning Committee, SW Maui Watershed Advisory and Halau Ke'alaokamaile who has done considerable networking with groups on Kauai and Maui particularly on pesticide and GMO related issues and been in support of two parties on the Big Island who are active regarding this Ordinance and petitions.in support of this Ordinance aAND Bill of Rights. I support the Ordinance 79 addition as well as putting in a Bill of Rights for the protection of Residents and Rights of Nature now while you can --particularly to protect the Big Island from the experimental GE crops abuse such has occurred particularly in West Kauai. I support either a moratorium or prohibition on further GMO crop open air experimentation, a requirement to contain experimental crops, or creating GE Free zones--unless you choose as the ordinance suggests, to ban GMO crops outright on the Big Island. Certainly there is a Pandoras Box in Hawaii Nei. I don't envy your position or choice. "Chemically grown crops and foods produced locally may be cheaper than organic and may aid the local economy,but they pollute the ground water, kill the soil food web, decrease the soil's ability to sequester climate-destabilizing greenhouse gases, broadcast pesticides into the air, can poison farmworkers, and incrementally poison consumers with toxic residues on their foods. "Local" pesticides, GMOs, and chemical fertilizers are just as poisonous as those used in California, Mexico, Chile, or China." http://www.naturalnews.com/031519 local food organic farming.html#ixzz2TAXcA9m3 While this is strong language, there are a number of further complicating factors with GMO crops: The benefit is primarily to the convenience of the GMO grower and producer of the crops and potential in dire circumstances such as the ring spot virus—to prevent a crop from being wiped out. It is unclear whether the crop under healthy organic practice conditions would have survived the virus. There is no redeeming benefit to the consumer. It is hotly debated whether crops yields increase or decrease, and pesticide toxicity application appears to be getting more virulent in regard to handling superweeds, which may put consumers at greater risks of toxic burden when eating conventional or GMO foods. Concerns: http://www.gmo-compass.org nc'safety/environmental safety/ 1. The effects of monocropping on Biodiversity without liability constraints such as with the international Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and the Nagasoya-Kuala Lumpar Liability Protocol signed by 150 countries, but not the US. 2. Effects on insects, spiders and other animals such as bee collapse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony collapse disorder 3. Outcrossing: The spread of novel genes with unknown and unintended effects 4. Containment for foreign genes which cannot be recalled once released; and can change the nature and character of organisms. 5. Crop specific information 6. Gene transfer to microorganisms which can turn promoters genes on or off at random in networks subject to unknown and unintended effects. Gene VI Discovery in GMO Crops shows there exists autoimmune responses from such, including attacking the host. http://www.collective-evolution.cor;201 X07/08/hidden sisal-gene-discovered-in-gmo-crops/ 7. "Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the US—the first sixteen years. "Herbicide-resistant crop technology has led to a 239 million kilogram (527 million pound)increase in herbicide use in the United States between 1996 and 2011,while Bt crops have reduced insecticide applications by 56 million kilograms (123 million pounds). Overall, pesticide use increased by an estimated 183 million kgs (404 million pounds), or about 7%. Contrary to often-repeated claims that today's genetically-engineered crops have, and are reducing pesticide use, the spread of glyphosate- resistant weeds in herbicide-resistant weed management systems has brought about substantial increases in the number and volume of herbicides applied. If new genetically engineered forms of corn and soybeans tolerant of 2,4-D are approved, the volume of 2,4-D sprayed could drive herbicide usage upward by another approximate 50%. The magnitude of increases in herbicide use on herbicide-resistant hectares has dwarfed the reduction in insecticide use on B!crops over the past 16 years, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Public Health Concerns: Heightened risk of public health impacts can be expected in the wake of more intensive herbicide use, especially applications later in the season on herbicide-resistant crop varieties. While current risk assessment science suggests that glyphosate is among the safer herbicides per hectare treated in terms of human health risks, both the frequency of human exposures and levels of exposure via food, drinking water, and the air have no doubt risen in the U.S. in recent years. Two-thirds to 100%of air and rainfall samples tested in Mississippi and Iowa in 2007-2008 contained glyphosate [34]. The likely approval and use of herbicide-resistant crops in the U.S. engineered to survive applications of multiple herbicides adds tricky new dimensions to herbicide-risk assessments. Applications later in the growing season will be more likely to lead to residues in silage or forage crops. As a result, herbicide residues in milk, meat, or other animal products might become more common. The jump in herbicide volumes applied during June and July will increase the risk of drift and herbicide movement via volatilization, possibly exposing people via the air, water, or crops grown in the proximity of treated fields. Risks from the drift and volatilization of 2,4-D and dicamba are of special concern, given that these two herbicides have triggered thousands of non-target crop damage episodes over the last 20 years in the U.S. Indeed, for several years, 2,4-D has been the leading cause of crop damage episodes investigated by State departments of agriculture [35]. Environmental Impacts linked to HR(Herbal Resistant) Technology. A long list of environmental effects can be triggered, or made worse, by the more intensive herbicide use required to keep pace with weeds in farming systems heavily reliant on herbicide-resistant crops. Glyphosate has been shown to impair soil microbial communities in ways that can increase plant vulnerability to pathogens [36-38], while also reducing availability of certain soil minerals and micronutrients [39]. Landscapes dominated by herbicide-resistant crops support fewer insect and bird species; e.g., a study in the American Midwest reported a 58% decline in milkweed and an 81% drop in monarch butterflies from 1999 to 2010 [40]. Heavy use of glyphosate can reduce earthworm viability [a_L] and water use efficiency [42]. Several studies have documented reductions in nitrogen fixation in herbicide-resistant soybean fields sprayed with glyphosate [43,44]. Transgene flow from herbicide-resistant crops can occur via multiple mechanisms and can persist in weedy relatives [45]. Individually, these environmental impacts appear, for the most part, of the same nature and in the same ballpark as the risks associated with other herbicide-based farming systems, but collectively they raise novel concerns over long-term, possibly serious impacts on biodiversity, soil and plant health, water quality, aquatic ecosystem integrity, and human and animal health. " To view the entire study go to http://www.enveurope.comicontent/24/l/24 from the Charles Benbrook study of the USDA's own statistics. 7. Health effects of resistance to anti-biotics. GMO corporations have utilized their power to buy up more land and have vastly wider impacts on the environment and health. The weather in Hawaii has ideal growing conditions, enterprise tax incentives are offered by the state, and state's lax regulation has traditionally promoted the biotech industry. With lobbyists and friends in key positions in government and money to spare, they have managed to be even above the law with what has been dubbed the Monsanto Protection Act at the federal level. GMO companies are aggressive in their policies and plans to control the world's food supply, utilization of agricultural lands and their standard rhetoric on health safety. The later should not be confused with "policy on health. " 1. They are well protected by patents on life forms, 2. Have iron clad contracts that lock farmers into their system 3. Put non-gmo farmers at a disadvantage and in an uneven playing field due to genetic pollution and pesticide drift. (Center for Food Safety booklet provided under separate cover is an example of the lack of equitable playing field between corporate and individual farmers); 4. They have initiated ag gag bills in various states 5. as well as preemption and exemption bills, such as bills introduced in the recent and past HI legislative sessions; 6. While they refer to the FDA approvals, most approvals for their crops occured in 1996 in which the FDA had no safety protocol in place and who have relied on the biotech industry to provide that. 7. To this day the FDA does not have requirements for pre or post market human studies on GMOs, even though in Europe 3 months animal studies have been the norm, and currently the FDA requires 120 day animal studies for approval and must meet certain USDA requirements related to pesticide and pest status. 8. The industry has fiercely opposed GMO labeling and the right to know and promoted propaganda to undermine organics and the actual costs of GMO labeling. The Stanford Study was criticized on a number of parameters that were left out of the study. http://naturalsociety.cons/ridict►lo : aims-organic-same-as-conventional/ http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/21)12/ 0/02/that-flawed-stanford-study/ http://www.huffin,gtonpost.com/r vn >/oruar►ic foadvs-conventio b 1857802.html http://www.cornucopia.org/ scan Lards-spin-on or ganics-allegedly-tainted-by http://organicfarms.\\su.edu/bloc;/devi 1--in-the-Meta i Is/ 9. Studies on health have been blocked by patent agreements, as well as protected from view by utilizing HIPPA requirements of medical facilities as well as the Freedom of Information Act restrictions. Inadequacy of existing protections in HI state law to protect health and environment with co-existence of GMOs, conventional and organic farming methods RE: GMO general use or restricted use pesticides contained within the seed or applied externally, 1. There has not yet been a political climate in Hawaii to get self-registry requirement on the state Pesticide Control website or sign up for robo calling or call a hot line for pesticide warning notification requirements. There are no required buffer zones in place in state statute that would protect and benefit organic crop owners, schools, child care facilities, health care facilities, residents, tourists, motorists or businesses from aerial or boomer, or hand pesticide spraying of crops, landscaping, recreation areas or roadside spraying other than a sign for restricted use pesticides that may or may not be readable.. 2. In 2006 experimental pesticide drift caused health harms to 11 children who had to go to the hospital and caused 2 children to immediately faint in a small class room of students at Waimea Canyon School. Pesticide drill harms have occured in two other schools that I am aware of via internet search and communications. HB1386 was introduced following that incident which would have provided notification of pesticide application and provided buffer protections, but was deferred; Even though reintroduced in the 2013 session, that bill wasn't heard in legislative Committee this year. Other states such as California, New Hampshire, Maine, Connecticut adequately provide for reasonable notification and buffer zones in law. 3. HB673 passed this year instead which was a step to assess other state laws on restricted use pesticides, and provides registry for reporting restrictive use pesticides posting on line subject to the Freedom of Information Act restrictions, but nothing occurred to provide immediate relief for residents to help them get out of harms way from fertilizers, the layering of general use pesticides that create novel combinations in GMO experimental testing in open fields, or even Roundup along roadways. These novel ingredients all have been quite harmful to the health of those who have reported to her." according to Peggy Kadey,president of the Kauai Network for the Chemically Enjured. 4. Hawaii state pesticide law HRS11-19A and AR-66 currently only require notification by sign (which may or may not be seen) for the benefit of the pesticide sprayer. The primary directive is as the pesticide label reads: to prevent pesticide drift to other persons or property, that is the Hawaii law. Period. I do not recommend further complications with GMO pollen or pesticide drift and experimentation with novel combinations layered with unknown effects on humans, to the aina or to our waters. The 200 + resident class action lawsuit vs Pioneer on the current devastation to West Kauai as expressed by Kauai Council member Gary Hooser enclosed, should be a fair warning to the Big Island, as well as the interview with Earth Justice Paul Achitoff, so I hope you take the two enclosed articles seriously. The ability to coexist between GMO growing crops, conventional crops and organic needs much further state regulation to even minimally co-exist without harms. Beware pre-emptions by the biotech industry. I have concerns with pre-emption bills that preempt protections of its citizens from agricultural chemical exposure, particularly the attempt by biotech on SB727 to remove protection of health and life from our county charters which fortunately failed in the 2013 legislative session due to outcry, Attempts have been made in past legislation to prohibit the state and county from banning or otherwise regulating activities related to genetically-modified plant organisms (GMOs). In the 2013 legislative session SB586 purported to be an agriculture self-sufficiency bill, passed and is at the governor's office. It should be vetoed in my opinion. Unfortunately, it exempts oversite from county per view on a number of agricultural building and aqua culture tanks and structures which were suppose to be minimal risk to health and life. However, without even county minimal requirements of oversite, compliance with plans and building permit and code requirements during the building process, or historic preservation of review with respect for cultural iwi rights, big ag and bioteech has once again circumvented county protection for all its citizens for health and life of the land. SB586 further gave exemptions for GMO lack of oversite on farm raised fish tank location, with fish fed GMO soy for fertilizer unlabeled and sold-which can harm organic crops if applied unbeknownst by the organic gardener, or with GMO fish accidentally released into our gulches, streams and ocean. Past legislation to limit genetic testing to contained covered facilities and transport vehicles failed. The state and county liability was waived, except in cases of gross negligence or intentional misconduct by the State or the county, and provided NO protection to adjoining ag or rural lands, creates potential nuisances or harms to organic lands. and environmental impacts in sensitive or special management areas (SMA). Inadequacy of existing protections to health and environment with co-existence of GMOs, conventional and organic farming methods. Chemically grown crops and foods produced locally may be cheaper than organic and may aid the local economy, but they pollute the ground water, kill the soil food web, decrease the soil's ability to sequester climate-destabilizing greenhouse gases, broadcast pesticides into the air, poison farmworkers, and incrementally poison consumers with toxic residues on their foods. "Local" pesticides, GMOs, and chemical fertilizers are just as poisonous as those used in California, Mexico, Chile, or China". http://www.naturalmws.corn/031519__1ocal trod_organic farming.html#ixzz2TAXcA9 m3 Until the state cleans up its act and gets regulations in statute "for notification procedures on pesticide spraying"and buffer zone regulations that benefit adjoining and surrounding properties, GE Free zones are created, or put in statute containment of experimental GMO testing, there is not a level playing field jar co-existence of GMO, conventional, and organic farmers. " Residents and farriers have no choice but to install protections at the county level. It's Not About Eating The (Corn By Kauai Council member Gary Hooser Posted on February 21, 2013 by garyhooser It's not about eating the corn. Not for me anyway. The decision to eat or not eat the corn is only a small reason I support the labeling of genetically modified foods and hold deep reservations about the industry as a whole. People on my island are getting sick. Many believe their sickness is being caused by the secondary and cumulative impacts connected to the growing of genetically modified organisms. Yet when I've asked these companies directly and officially in writing to disclose what chemicals and in what quantities they are spraying, the industrial agrochemical GMO companies on Kauai have refused to do so. For me, that alone is enough to keep me from buying their products or supporting their industry, and to support full labeling requirements. 63 countries around the world including all of Europe, Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand require mandatory labeling or GMO products. Some countries have banned these products completely. Many questions exist and many doubts persist. There are valid health concerns ranging from allergen sensitivities to hormonal disruption to cancer. related to the GMO's and to the pesticide spraying that accompanies them. There are concerns about the globalization and corporate ownership of the worlds food supply. There are ethical and moral questions pertaining to the concept of corporations owning patents on living organisms both plant and animal, and to the increased diminishment of bio-diversity. All valid reasons consumers may not want to buy these products and thus the need to require labeling. For me, it's personal. Kauai is ground zero in the (MO industry. These industrial agrochemical operations dominate the landscape of Kauai's west side and are now moving into the southern and eastern land as well. The fields of mostly genetically modified corn not intended for human consumption grow on approximately 12,000 acres of prime farmland stretching from the base of the mountains down to within just feet of the pristine ocean waters. These crops are subject to spraying with toxic pesticides up to 6 days a week. Over 200 residents of WaimcaValley have filed suit claiming negative impacts from pesticide laden dust blowing into their homes and onto their bodies. Biologists estimate over 50,000 sea urchins died last year in near shore west-side waters. People in all parts of Kauai County are growing increasingly concerned about the impacts that result from these companies spraying their fields with toxic and experimental chemicals that then flow into streams and near shore waters and cling to the dust which blows daily into neighborhoods and schools. Yet these agrochemical companies, who are required by law to keep records of their pesticide use, tell me blithely to go elsewhere for the data. About half the land used for GMO production on Kauai are public lands upon which zero property tax is paid. But they refuse to disclose to the public what they are growing or what they are spraying on these public lands. These large transnational corporations transfer their end products to related subsidiaries, benefit from Enterprise Zone and other GET exemptions and consequently pay zero GET tax on the products they produce. State law and terms of the public lands lease/license require compliance with Hawaii's environmental review law Chapter 343HRS, yet no documentation demonstrating compliance exists; no exemption declaration, no environmental assessment and no environmental impact statement. Growing genetically modified organisms, using experimental pesticides and spraying a wide array of restricted and non restricted pesticides on a mass scale have impacts on our island, our health and our environment. There are direct impacts, secondary impacts and cumulative impacts but we don't know what those impacts are because they have never been properly evaluated—and the companies in question won't even give us the information needed to make a proper evaluation. So yes, I support labeling. Absolutely. Labeling, mandatory disclosure and a permitting process that requires a comprehensive review of the significant environmental and health impacts to our island and our community caused by this industry—I support them all, because as you can see this is about much more than just eating the corn. Gary Hooser Member Kauai County Council—Former Director of the Office of Environmental Quality Control for State of Hawaii— Former Hawaii State Senator and Majority Leader GMOs in Hawaii http://honoluluweekly.com/cover/2009/04/a-seed-of-doubt/ by Joan Conrow l Apr 8, 2009 With thousands of acres of farmland across the Islands already devoted to genetically modified seeds, there are few signs that Hawai`i is ready to get serious about regulation. Ask folks to name Hawaii's most valuable farm crop and they'll likely say sugar or pineapple, maybe hazard a guess at macadamia nuts. Few will answer correctly–seeds–and even fewer will know that at least half that industry is devoted to growing genetically-modified organisms, or GMOs. GMO is the catch phrase for any plant, animal, bacteria or virus with genetic material that has been altered through engineering. This is commonly done by forcing a gene, usually through use of a virus, bacteria or cell bombardment, from one organism into another to create an entirely new organism with desired traits, which can then be patented by its creator. Although born in a laboratory, genetically-engineered (GE)plants must be tested in the real world of soil and sun. Those that succeed are grown on a larger scale, producing seed for commercial farmers who are not legally allowed to save patented seed from their harvests, and so must buy new supplies each year. Hawaii performs both functions, with land throughout the state being used to test and produce GE seed crops. Hailed by some as 21st century wonder plants that will feed a hungry, weather- beaten planet, and denounced by others as a craven corporate bid to control the global seed supply, GE crops are driving a fierce international debate over the future of farming. And unbeknownst to most residents and visitors. Hawaii is in the thick of it. Fruitful experimentation In the past two decades, the Islands have hosted some 2,252 outdoor tests for experimental GE plants, more than any other place. Open-air field trials have been conducted on corn, soybeans, cotton, potatoes, wheat, alfalfa, beets, rice, safflower, sorghum, sunflowers, sugar cane, pineapple, dendrobium orchids, anthurium, coffee and papaya, among others. About 130 now are under way throughout the state. Some of Hawaii's outdoor tests—by companies such as Monsanto, ProdiGene, Garst Seed Co. and Hawaii Agriculture Research Center (HARC)—also involved biopharmaceuticals, which refers to plants genetically-engineered to produce medical supplies, drugs, vaccines and industrial chemicals. According to court documents, these trials involved experimental AIDS and hepatitis B vaccines; growth hormones; enzyme production from human genes; and aprotinin, a blood-clotting cow protein that is also an insect toxin. Information about where these tests were done remains blocked by a court order. "On Kauai, some of the testing is to develop herbicide-resistant crops that tolerate multiple chemicals," said Jeri Di Pietro of GMO Free Kauai "So the research going on here includes spraying a cocktail of chemicals that will not kill the plants. The amount of spraying escalates as they look for the high dose tolerance level. This massive amount of chemical application is going on near our schools, coastline and bird sanctuaries. Very few studies have been done on how to mitigate contamination of soil and bacteria where genetically engineered crops have been grown." Seed companies have consistently defended their cultivation and chemical application practices as complying with federal regulations, and the Environmental Protection Agency has issued few citations. It fined Syngenta Seeds $17,550 last year for two pesticide-related violations, while in 2002 Pioneer Hi-Bred and Mycogen Seeds, a unit of Dow Agrosciences, agreed to each pay a fine of less than $10,000 after the EPA cited them for failing to meet isolation and containment requirements during field trials on Kauai and Molokai. respectively. This is not a drill But testing isn't the only purpose that Hawaii fields serve. Agricultural lands throughout the state also are used to grow GE seed for commercial farmers, with much of the activity centered on Oahu, Molokai and Kauai. About half of the 4,000 acres in seed crops statewide are cultivated in GMOs, according to industry estimates. About 97 percent of it is "Roundup Ready" corn, which can withstand direct applications of Monsanto's herbicide. GE seed crops that produce their own insecticides are also being grown. Seed companies have been taking advantage of Hawaii's year-round growing season since the mid-1970s. But with an annual value of just $20 million two decades ago, the seed industry was a big player in Islands agriculture. Now, it's the star—and the only one that's rising. With a record-high value of$146.3 million last season. the seed industry accounts for about a quarter of the state's total farm revenues, eclipsing every other commodity. It's also expanding rapidly, increasing 42 percent last year alone. The steady growth is no accident. The state has been recruiting biotech businesses and investment since the mid-1990s, when former Gov. Ben Cayetano endorsed the industry as a clean, high-tech way to save agriculture and diversify the economy. Now all the major chemical and agribusiness companies involved in GMOs are established in Hawaii. These include Dow AgroScience, Syngenta and BASF, as well as Dupont's Pioneer Hi-Bred International, the world's largest seed company. The biggest local grower is Monsanto, which previously produced the toxins subpolychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and dioxin and is now a global leader in GE seeds, with some 674 biotechnology patents. Carol Okada, manager of the state DOA's Plant Quarantine Branch, which oversees GMOs in Hawaii, was quoted in Scientific American magazine last year as saying the booming seed business is in the Islands to stay. "Even though it's controversial here, the seed industry is now the No. 1 industry for us and it is very important in terms of the economy, dealing with invasive species and giving farmers choices." A state of denial The state's ongoing support for the industry doesn't sit well with everyone. "These biotech companies are receiving huge state and federal subsides and tax incentives to come here," Di Pietro said. "Most of the seed company profits are realized out of state. Biotech companies use a large portion of our ag land and water, yet produce no food that we can eat. We experience little benefit and receive much environmental degradation that we will be left for us to mitigate." It's unclear just how much degradation is associated with GE crops because neither the state nor federal governments required companies to conduct Environmental Impact Statements before growing them here. In the Earthjustice suit, federal Judge J. Michael Seabright found the USDA acted in"utter disregard" of the Endangered Species Act and National Environmental Protection Act when it granted permits for the biopharm field tests before conducting environmental studies, Achitoff said. "They're environmentally anything but benign," Achitoff said, noting that GE crops have been shown to contaminate conventional and organic crops, usually through the unintentional mixing of commercial seed. In Hawaii, birds are also thought to have played a role in spreading the seeds of the Rainbow papaya, which was genetically engineered to resist the ringspot virus. Its genetic traits have been found in both the fruit and seed of traditional varieties, prompting an outcry from health-conscious consumers and organic farmers, who could lose their certification if their crops contain GMOs. Both organic and conventional farmers face another peril from crop contamination. Monsanto is especially aggressive in enforcing its patents, Achitoff said, and has investigated and/or sued thousands of American and Canadian farmers for saving seeds with its patented GMO traits. The company has employed private investigators who secretly videotape and photograph farmers, infiltrate community meetings and gather information from informants about farming activities, according to an article published in Vanity Fair last year. As a result, Achitoff said, some farmers have paid huge fines to Monsanto. even though they were growing the crops inadvertently. Herbicide-resistant varieties of soybean and corn, which represent the bulk of GE crops now being grown,present another environmental concern, Achitoff said. Their cultivation has given rise to herbicide-resistant "super weeds" that require stronger chemicals for eradication, and studies also have shown that farmers raising "Roundup Ready" crops use more herbicide than those growing conventional varieties. Biotech researchers and seed companies, however, maintain that GE crops are safe because nothing has turned up to indicate otherwise. In testimony to the state Senate earlier this year, Richard Manshardt, a professor and plant geneticist at UH's College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) asserted that"the biological impacts of current GE crops are not different or greater than those caused by production and distribution of conventional or organic crops. In the specific case of the virus-disease-resistant Hawaiian papayas with which I am personally familiar, no harmful environmental, agricultural or human health issues were found to be unique to GE papayas in seven years of testing during development or 10 years of production after commercial release." Achitoff, however, said the university researchers are pawns of the biotech industry. "Essentially what they want is the funding and it's distorted their perspective on the safety of GMOs. We have people at CTAHR and the Farm Bureau who have been essentially bought by the biotech industry and they're the ones who howl most loudly to the Legislature." Although Hawaii has been reluctant to control, or even scrutinize, the GE crops grown by its seed industry, Achitoff is seeing "a slow but steady trend away from the complete laissez-faire approach toward regulation" on the national level. With new studies showing a link between GE products and health problems, and consumers embracing healthier eating practices, "people will be looking to government and demanding a different approach in regard to GMO regulations," he said. "I'm optimistic about it." Planted with good intentions Despite claims that genetic engineering (GE) will lead to crops that can withstand drought, increase yields and boost nutrition, no GE plants with those specific traits have yet been developed for commercial cultivation. Instead, most of the research has been devoted to producing crops that can withstand direct applications of herbicides, most notably Roundup, which is produced by biotechnology giant Monsanto. These herbicide-resistant varieties account for about 80 percent of the GE crops now being grown. The second most common crops are those that have been engineered to produce their own pesticides. So far, the USDA has approved GE varieties of soybeans, corn (except blue corn, red corn and popcorn), canola, sugar beets, zucchini, crookneck squash and papaya. GE crops are used heavily as animal feed, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are common in products on supermarket shelves. (For a free shopping guide, visit [responsibletechnology.org].) Another 100 GE crops are waiting in the wings, including virtually every fruit, vegetable and grain now commonly eaten. The biotech industry also has developed "terminator technology," which prevents a plant from making seeds, but it has not yet been deployed. Earthjustice attorney Paul Achitoff, who brought a lawsuit seeking to halt these open-air biopharm trials in Hawaii until they could be assessed for environmental and public health risks, said the crops reportedly were harvested while the case was in litigation and it does not appear that any biopharms have been planted since. He and his staff monitor a Virginia Tech website ([www.isb.vt.edu]) that posts applications for field trial permits and their status. It usually,but not always, discloses the reason for the test, the crop involved and whether it is considered a biopharmaceutical. But while it names the state, it does not disclose the specific location, and details about biopharm tests are rarely included. The industry maintains that such confidentiality is needed to protect their crops from vandalism and their trade secrets from competitors. The federal government supports that stance, and the state has followed its lead, with both the University of Hawaii and various state agencies consistently fighting legislation requiring disclosure of GE crop sites. In testimony presented in February in opposition to one such bill, which has since died, James R. Gaines, the University's vice-president for research, cited concerns about"the threat to field research, vandalism and destruction of research crops as has happened during the development of the transgenic papaya." Ted Liu, director of the Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism, testified that, "over-regulation contributes to Hawaii's anti-business image,jeopardizing the success of established businesses as well as the potential of attracting new investment to the State." The state Department of Agriculture also strongly opposed the bill, saying the permitting and regulating of field tests "is the province of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)." But some contend the federal regulatory process is tainted. Since the administration of George H.W. Bush, biotechnology industry officials have been tapped to fill key positions in the three agencies charged with regulating GMOs, and were at the helm of the USDA when it ruled that crops and foods containing GMOs are essentially the same as their conventional counterparts, and thus pose no danger to people or ecosystems. More recently, President Obama came under fire for choosing Tom Vilsack, who supports both GE and biopharm crops, as his Agriculture Secretary. GMO opponents note that the USDA also has funded and conducted extensive biotech research, including the so-called"terminator technology' that prevents the second-year propagation of GE seed, thus ensuring that farmers must buy new seeds each season. Still others have criticized what they characterize as the USDA's "rubber stamp" approach to field trial permit applications. According to a report published by the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, the agency has rejected only 3.5 percent of the more than 40,000 permit applications submitted, and those were due to incomplete applications and paperwork errors. "Experimental field trials of GE agricultural crops in Hawaii are conducted without adequate oversight or sometimes even the knowledge of where the trial is located," said Nancy Redfeather, a Big Island coffee grower and member of Hawaii SEED, a statewide group of farmers, environmentalists, scientists, cultural leaders and others organized against GMO crops in Hawaii. Some Hawaii residents also have expressed concern about the chemicals—atrazine and heptachlor among them—used on GMO test plots around the state, saying they could be harming agricultural workers and those who live or work near the fields, as well as the environment. Legislation (as of 2009) Genetic engineering is a perennially hot topic in the Hawaii Legislature, and two bills that would ban the development, testing and propagation of genetically-modified taro in Hawaii are still alive. Senate Bill 709 has been amended since its introduction to change its effective date to the year 2050, while House Bill 1663 has similar language, but a July 2009 effective date. Meanwhile, the fate of House Bill 1226 is uncertain. Known as the "pre-emption bill," it would prohibit the state and county from banning or otherwise regulating activities related to genetically-modified plant organisms (GMOs). Earthjustice attorney Paul Achitoff, who has litigated matters related to GMOs, said the bill is bucking national legal trends regarding pre-emption measures as contrary to the public interest. "Essentially, it's the state saying voluntarily, unilaterally, without any instruction from the federal government or Congress, we're going to tie our hands and make it impossible to do anything about GMOs," Achitoff said. Although House Speaker Calvin Say has refused to disclose who asked him to introduce the bill, Achitoff said "there's no doubt in my mind it came from the (biotech) industry and it's consistent with similar legislation that's been put forth by Monsanto and others in a number of other states." The bill passed the house and was referred to the Senate committee on energy and environment, where Chairman Mike Gabbard pronounced it "a very bad bill" and said he does not plan to schedule it for a hearing. While that would normally scuttle a measure, opponents are worried it might be revived using a technique called "gut and replace," in which the contents of a live bill are stripped and replaced with a dead one, or by amending another bill, such as one of those related to GMO taro. Thank you for the opportunity to testify. Respectfully Submitted, Unmani Cynthia Groves unmanib a,maui.net 214-9324 105 Kulipuu St. Kihei, HI Page 1 of 1 Murashige, Laura From: Unmani Cynthia Groves [unmanib @maui.net] Sent: Wednesday, May 22, 2013 3:51 PM To: Melissa Yee Cc: littleacornsarewe @ gmail.com; Mary Lacques; Mary Oyama; nomi carmona; Courtney Bruch;jeri di pietro; pamela Boyar; suiteness @gmail.com; joefarber @hotmail.com; wafter ritte; Franz Weber; Hunter Heaivilin; Keiko Bonk; Matthew Lynch; Norman Arancon; Gary Hooser; Paul Achitoff; Hector Valenzuela; cynthia groves; Kauai Rising; Karin Megalovich Subject: Article for Maui News re: GMO ramp up of marketing Attachments: scan0002.pdf; Untitled attachment 00028.htm The Editorial for the Maui News 5/20/13 Beware the ramping up of GMO ad and article campaigns to convince you genetic modified organism and pesticide practices are sustainable agriculture practices in Hawaii. When you do the deeper research you will see the real issues. A study by well respected scientist, professor in Washington state Charles Benbrook is based on USDA's own statistics "Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the U.S.- the first sixteen years" show that crop yields and sustainable practices are often not as promised or claimed by the biotech industry http://www.enveurope.com/content/24/1/24/abstract Pioneer is currently in a lawsuit with 200+residents on Kauai over the devaluing of their residential lands and devastation to West Kauai due to experimental open air GMO field testing pesticide practices and other harms. This could be Maui or any of our other islands next. We still do not even have a state notification requirement of prespraying pesticides to protect schools, residents, child care facilities, health care facilities, recreation areas in the islands, let alone have degradation to our lands from the amount of pesticides that have actually increased, not decreased as industry claims, along with superweeds. Report "pesticide drift" to your property and person to investigate: thomas.k.matsuda @ hawaii.gov Post "Do not spray Pesticides" signs on your property edge and photograph it. Further support:http://kauai.surfrider.org/portfolio-item/new-pesticide- brochure/ This is about respecting our 'aina! Unmani Cynthia Groves unmanib@maui.net C) w On co Click on the Monsanto AD to read it. ) <--i co rn c) 4 6/28/2013 opv..-ollyitmee).,.010eft4o. 04X „ , onattv Me,,all'APPT4'."*PipVii$14,4;1!! _tr., 'lg._ _ = :X4Vilflehf6.!..!e,4"c4K%104*'61';''''t;*A"4?°"5°Iib;;"44414WIIP :#k,'Prtrif#044;:il,":4.An •-.41.,d40,44'04,1,4.0;te,34440frtic'' -4'44fifilifttiricritt 1 1.4.t..st,,ifttivitt4;tt ,ttforitttsttk",ti; ..!!f''fr,',,-:4,, ,:t.ilr?;:,:g,A*;A:t,e,:;x, , !.1::44#074,41101 ' ,,'=,14,30;t7;,,,,,)**Atittt4041.4.401:6H; ; °•'`. • ("ly ■=4°. :',.1;1447;41,!"'"*3119';' 41' ' What if you took 10 million cars off the road for one year? Genetically engineered(GE)crops have not literally taken any cars off the road, but they did something similar.They've helped farmers reduce the release of greenhouse gases by the equivalent of removing 10.22 million cars from the road. In fact,GE crops have: ... roduced pesticide spraying by1.045 billion pounds(an 8,9'/ reduction)and,as a result,decreased the environmental impact associated with pesticide use on these crops as measured by the indicator the Environmental Impact Quotient(EX))]by 181'io. GE crops are helping to promote greater sustainability in agriculture by enabling farmers to reduce their fuel usage, shrink their insecticide footprint,and adopt more eco-friendly practices like no-till agriculture to reduce soil erosion and improve water conservation. Monsanto is dedicated to being a good steward of our land and natural resources. Here in Hawaii,we consult with the USDA's Natural Resources Conservation Service about our soil and water conservation efforts, and all of our local farms - have approved conservation plans in place to preserve water and soil. VVe are committed to transparency and dialogue,and to being a good neighbor. We recognize there are many false and misleading claims about our work,and invite you to discover more about what we do at our farms. Mahalo for taking the time to learn more about us. MONSANTO .1., .ww„„,;(tionsaroo,tow COUNTY CLERK Yoshimoto, J r.nrihrTV �r I1AWAII From: Unmani Cynthia Groves <unmanib @maui.net> 200 HAY 20 PH Sent: Tuesday, May 14, 2013 11:25 AM �' 03 To: Yoshimoto, J Cc: Onishi, Dennis; Ilagan, Greggor; Kern, Zendo; Ford, Brenda; Poindexter, Valerie; Kanuha, Dru; Eoff, Karen; Yoshimoto, J; Wille, Margaret Subject: Testimony : Ordinance 79 Petition in support to Ban GMO Test Crops in Hawaii May 14, 2013 Ordinance 79 Forwarding Most recent page of Petition of 12,120 to date to Ban GMO Test Crops in Hawaii. This is definitely in support of Ordinance 79 Whole Petition is at : http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/ban-gmo-test-crops- in?source=s.fwd&r_by=2318359 started by amie Buttke <ab4 @hawaii.edu> Ban GMO Test Crops in Hawaii By Arnie Buttke (Contact) To be delivered to: The Hawaii State House, The Hawaii State Senate, and Governor Neil Abercrombie Petition Statement Ban GMO Test Crops in Hawaii. Petition Background Companies like Monsanto are using Hawaii as a testing ground for their genetically modified organism (GMO) experiments. Due to Hawaii's remote location and year-round growing season, these companies believe we are the perfect place for these tests to occur, because if something were to go wrong, its effects would be contained here. We will not stand to be used by genetic engineering companies for their profit any longer. Get GMO test crops out of Hawaii. Previous petition signers #12120 david fisher May 14, 2013 seattle, WA #12119 Thomas H Hommy May 14, 2013 Edmonton, Canada They must be stopped before they cause the death of the human race #12118 lisa ryder May 14, 2013 holden, ME stop GMO in OUR foods 1 #12117 Tim Law May 14, 2013 Pahoa, HI #12116 JOEL LEVEY May 14, 2013 Kapaau, HI Ban ALL GMO crops in Hawaii!!! These are a danger to our health. #12115 TEENA VANVLEET May 14, 2013 Fort Lauderdale, FL #12114 Susan L. Wilson May 14, 2013 Arcata, CA #12113 clarisa gil May 14, 2013 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic #12112 Amy Dombrain May 14, 2013 san diego, CA #12111 Elisa Edberg May 14, 2013 honolulu, HI • Next > > 2 Murashige, Laura From: Unmani Cynthia Groves [unmanib©maui.net] Sent: Wednesday, May 29, 2013 6:45 AM To: counciltestimony©co.hawaii.hi.us; cohmayor @co.hawaii.hi.us; councilreferrals Cc: Wille, Margaret; Onishi, Dennis; Ilagan, Greggor; Kern, Zendo; Ford, Brenda; Poindexter, Valerie; Kanuha, Dru; Eoff, Karen; Yoshimoto, J Subject: Relevant to Ordinance 79 WED DECISIONMAKING Attachments: RE- Ordinance79.doc RE- gg n linance79.doc(132 w p Cl c WFrom Unmani Cynthia Groves Cy Health Care Practice Mgmt. Consultant to Professionals -"Cl :Q 4.x;o 1 RE: PROTECTION LANGUAGE IN ORDINANCE 79 Aloha Mayor, Hawaii County Council members, I urge you to move forward on strong protections for the Big Island while you still can. Bills like in Washington state SB366 are further preemption bills by the biotech and food additive organizations moving through a number of legislatures Washington State Senate Bill 633 RSS feed for this bill up at their state leg. Relating to the preemption of local laws regulating agriculture. Makes legislative finding and declaration that regulation of agricultural seed, flower seed, nursery seed and vegetable seed and products of agricultural seed, flower seed, nursery seed and vegetable seed be reserved to state. Prohibits enactment or enforcement of local measures to regulate seed, flower seed and vegetable seed or products of agricultural seed,. http://gov.oregonlive.com/bill/2013/SB633/ "The language of the Washington bill is tricky too. This bill never mentions the word genetic engineering or GMO once—it's merely a preemption about seeds," Ivan Maluski, Policy Director for Friends of Family Farmers, tells TakePart. "It applies to county and local regulations on the display, notification, planting, and planting of seeds, as well as the products." http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/04/23/oregons-monsanto-protection-act- would-strip-away-local-control-ag A strong case to Hawaii Nei, worthy to print out and read Environmental and Health Risks of Synthetic Chemicals used by the Biotechnology Seed Industry in Hawaii By Hector Venzuela, University of Hawaii at Maonoa College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, Dept of Plant Environmental and Protection Secients, contact hector @hawaii.edu http://c11.dropbox.com/u/33544971 /PesticidesKauaiHV12.pdf https://docs.google.com/document/d/1 FrgfwgSlAmxhUbz2JvhWZwSwOZS3NSgI 0/edit GREEN MED DATA BASE Http://wgreenmedinfo.com has a number of new health and environmental studies out on the impacts of GMOs. I noted the Safe Food Food Foundation maceyj001@hawaii.rr.com presented over 70 and Babes against Biotech naomi Carmona <babesagainstbiotech @icloud.com> have over 200 studies on health and environmental harms presented during legislative committee meetings in the House. There is a wealth of "non-junk" " independent science" in the public arena, even if most folks don't have it at their fingertips or are aware of it. I've enclosed the latest below from Green Med Info: A scientific abstract data base. ABSTRACTS ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES. View the Evidence: Problematic Actions CrylAb proteinsainsecticidal toxin found within GMQ corn and soy, __ is found within women and their fetuses. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Reprod Toxicol. 201 1 Feb 18. Epub 2011 Feb 18. PMID: 21 338670 Article Published Date : Feb 18, 2011 Study Type : Human Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47I _ AC(26) - - - --- Genetically modified corn exhibits hepatorenal toxicity in rats. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007 May;52(4):596-602. Epub 2007 Mar 13. PMID: 17.356.802 Article Published Date : May 01 , 2007 Study Type : Animal Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms _ CK(47)___ AC(26), Genetically modified lactic acid bacteria can transfer genetic information to E. faecalis bacteria in the digest tract of mice, where it persists. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Environ Biosafety Res. 2003 jul-Sep;2(3):173-80. PMID: 15612415 Article Published Date : Jul 01 , 2003 Study Type : Animal Study Additional Links Additional Keywords : Gmo's and Horizontal Gene Transfer : CK(5) : AC(3) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CKk47) : AC(26) Genetically modified organisms are capable of transferring their gries to bacterial strains belonging to human intestinal flora. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Microb Releases. 1994 jul;2(4):183-9. PMID: 7921350 Article Published Date : Jul 01 , 1994 Study Type : Animal Study Additional Links Additional Keywords : Gmo's and Horizontal Gene Transfer : CK(5) : AC(3) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) AC(26) GMO examples: potato plants encoded with immunogenic proteins of Newcastle Disease Virus. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Immunobiology. 2008;21 3(8):671 -5. Epub 2008 Apr 2. PMID: 18950595 Article Published Date : Jan 01 , 2008 Study Type : Animal Study Additional Links Substances : Potato : CK(71) ACL31 ) Additional Keywords : Edible Vaccines : CK(14) : AC(12), Plant Extracts : CK(_3595) : AC(1220) Anti Therapeutic Actions : GeneticallyModified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) Three forms of commercialized genetically modified corn demonstate significant adverse effects on the heart, adrenal glands, spleen and hematopoietic system of rats. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : IntJ Biol Sci. 2009;5(7):706-26. PMID: 20011136 Article Published Date : Jan 01 , 2009 Study Type : Animal Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) "Western corn rootworm and Bt maize: Challenges of pest resistance in the field." Click here to read the entire abstract Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article. Pubmed Data : GM Crops Food. 2012 Jul 1 ;3(3). [pub 2012 Jul 1 . PMID: 22688688 Article Published Date : Jun 30, 2012 Study Type : Plant Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(471 : AC(26) Problem Substances : Bt Corn : CK(1 ) : AC(1 ) A genetically modified form of flaxseed has been created. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012 Dec 10 ;1 2(1 ):251 . Epub 2012 Dec 10. PMID: 232281 36 Article Published Date : Dec 09, 201 2 Study Type : Plant Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26_) A gmorice strain has been produced for the purposes of 'edible vaccination' that expresses the Alzheimer's disease associated amyloid[ tpeptide. �— Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Intl Biol Sci. 2011 ;7(3):301 -7. Epub 2011 Mar 25. PMID: 21448341 Article Published Date : Jan 01 , 2011 Study Type : Review Additional Links Additional Keywords : Edible Vaccines : CK(14) : AC(12) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47),__ AC(2 6) An evaluation of the health studies for the main commercialized edible GMOs. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Intl Biol Sci. 2010;6(6):590-8. Epub 2010 Oct 5. PMID: 20941377 Article Published Date : Jan 01 , 2010 Study Type : Commentary Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47)_ AC(2 6). Bt toxins are not inert on nontarget human cells, and that they can present combined side-effects with other residues of pesticides specific to GM plants. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : j Appl Toxicol. 2012 Feb 15. Epub 2012 Feb 15. PMID: 22337346 Article Published Date : Feb 15, 2012 Study Type : In Vitro Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) Problem Substances : Bt toxins : CK(1 ) : AC(D, Glyphosate : AC(116) Cholera toxin has been engineered into rice. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Mol Biotechnol. 2008 Nov;40(3):261 -8. Epub 2008 Jul 10. PMID: 18618297 Article Published Date : Nov 01 , 2008 Study Type : In Vitro Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : AC(2,6) Cholera toxin has been engineered into tornato plants. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Transgenic Res. 2002 Oct,11 (5):447-54. PMID: 12437076 Article Published Date : Oct 01 , 2002 Study Type : In Vitro Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) Genetically_modified foodspose unique new health risks for children with food allergy. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Jan-Feb;1 3(1 ):41 -50. PMID: 19364084 Article Published Date : Jan 01 , 2009 Study Type : Commentary Additional Links Diseases : Food Allersies CK(420) : AC(57) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) AC(26) Genetically modified insect-resistant plants may have deleterius effects on the food chain. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Plant.). 2002 Aug;31 (4):387-406. PMID: 12182699 Article Published Date : Aug 01 , 2002 Study Type : Commentary Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically_ Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC_(_26) Glyphosate dramatically affects nutritional seed composition in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : j Agric Food Chem. 2010 Apr 14 ;58(7):4517-22. PMID: 20307082 Article Published Date : Apr 14, 2010 Study Type : Plant Study Additional Links Additional Keywords : Plant Extracts : CK(3595) : AC(1220) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) AC(26) Problem Substances : Glyphosate : CK(365) : AC(116) GMO examples: incorporation of the human CYP1A1 enzyme into transgenic rice plants. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Nov 2;53(22):8557-64. PMID: 16248553 Article Published Date : Nov 02, 2005 Study Type : In Vitro Study Additional Links Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) In silico assessment of the_potential allergenicity of transgenes used for the development of GM food crops. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Food Chem Toxicol. 2012 May ;50(5):1334-9. Epub 2012 Feb 14. PMID: 22361217 Article Published Date : Apr 30, 2012 Study Type : Plant Study Additional Links Pharmacological Actions : Superoxide Dismutase Up-regulation CK(131 ) : AC(42) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) It is possible to synthesize an infectious agent by in vitro chemical- biochemical means solely by following_instructions from a written sequence. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Science. 2002 Aug 9 ;297(5583):1016-8. Epub 2002 Jul 11 . PMID: 12114528 Article Published Date : Aug 09, 2002 Study Type : In Vitro Study Additional Links Diseases : Polio : CK(19J : AC(8) Additional Keywords : latrogenic Poliomyelitis : CK(20) : AC(2), Mad Science : CK(61 ) : Ac(24)., synthesized life, synthetic polio Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) Peanuts genetically modified to express H. pylori antigens have been produced in an attempt to create edible vaccines. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Curr Microbiol. 2011 Aug 11 . Epub 2011 Aug 11 . PMID: 21833666 Article Published Date : Aug 11 , 2011 Study Type : In Vitro Study Additional Links Additional Keywords : Mad Science : CK(61j : AC(24) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms CK(47) : AC(26) Results suggest that Agrobacterium can transport its T-DNA to human cells. Click here to read the entire abstract Article Publish Status : This is a free article. Click here to read the complete article. Pubmed Data : Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001 Feb 13 ;98(4):1871 -6. Epub 2001 Jan 30. PMID: 11172043 Article Published Date : Feb 13, 2001 Study Type : In Vitro Study Additional Links Additional Keywords : Antibiotic Resistance : CK(.56) : AQ7), Horizontal Gene Transfer : CK(1 7) ACA8) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) Review: Biological safety concepts of genetically modified live bacterial vaccines. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : Vaccine. 2007 Jul 26 ;25(30):5598-605. Epub 2006 Dec 5. PMID: 17239999 Article Published Date : Jul 26, 2007 Study Type : Review Additional Links Additional Keywords : GMO Vaccines : CK(1 ) : AC(1J Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26), Vaccination: All : CK(3830) : AC(302), Vaccination: GMO Vaccines : CK(1) : ACC1 ) Review: potential adverse health effects of genetically modified crops. Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : j Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2003 May- Jun;6(3):21 1 -25. PMID: 12746139 Article Published Date : May 01 , 2003 Study Type : Review Additional Links Diseases : Infection: Antibiotic Resistant : CK(303) : AC(88) Additional Keywords : Horizontal Gene Transfer : CK(1 7) : AC(8) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Genetically Modified Organisms : CK(47) : AC(26) Review: Will transgenic plants adversely affect the environment? Click here to read the entire abstract Pubmed Data : j Biosci. 2005 Sep;30(4):51 5-48. PMID: 16184014 Article Published Date : Sep 01 , 2005 Study Type : Commentary Additional Links Additional Keywords : Gmo's and Horizontal Gene Transfer : CK(5)_ AC(3) Anti Therapeutic Actions : Geneticall Modified Orianisms : CK(47J : AC(26) Respectfully submitted, Unmani Cynthia Groves Health Care Practice Management Consultant to Professionals since 1985 & Researcher unmanib@maui.net Kihei, HI 96753 808 214--9324