HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0613.002 2012-2014 BRENDA J. FORD `'1Y'757"''''i;;
Council Member r „yam Phone: (808) 323-4277
District 6 - Portion of N. Kona, - - Fax (808) 329-4786
South Kona, Ka`u, & the Greater
Volcano Area '�� ''"- E-Mail: bford @co.hawaii.hi.us
HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL
County of Hawaii rJ
West Hawaii Civic Center -�
74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Hwy.
Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740
DATE: February 10, 2014
TO: J Yoshimoto, Chairperson,
And Members of the Hawai`i County Council
FROM: Brenda J. Ford, Council Member lit„.0_4(.._
SUBJECT: COMMUNICTION NO. 613, COPY OF PRESEN ATION RELATING TO
THE KALOKO-HONOKOHAU NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK.
Attached please find copy of the presentation that is being given by Ms. Paula A. Cutillo, Ph. D.
and Mr. Jonathan Likeke Scheuer, Ph. D., Consultant, relating to the National Park Service
scheduled for the February 18, 2014 Committee on Agricultural, Water and Energy
Sustainability. Please process for distribution.
BJF/la
Comm. No 613,
Ref.To: P/AWC=SG
Serving the Interests of the People of Our Island Ref. Date_ FEB 1 8 2014.
Hawaii County Is An Equal Opportunity Provider And Employer
C
National Park Service
NATIONAI
U.S. Department of the Interior PARK
FFVICF
Kaloko-HonokOhau National Historical Park
tip
Hawaii Water Law & the
Spirit of Kaloko-Honokohau
Hawaii County Council
Jonathan Likeke Scheuer, Ph.D., Consultant
February 18, 2014
Overview
Water and the Spirit of Kaloko-Honokohau
Background on Hawaii water law
What is designation, what does it mean?
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�c ; KA-LOKO
a.H 7� . . e. .;MONO-KO-HAU
...011=1.0 MIN ifll T Cgllt39tal
The Spirit of Ka-loko Hono-ko-hau
"The dynamic thread that ties the environment together is water.
What affected the mauka regions, affected the makai.
What affected the neighboring ahupua'a affected it.
What affected the land affected the fishponds and the sea."
AIMMA MUNO ES MINIM)MOO MOUNTMODP MO Mt MUM
2
1
Stewardship and Cultural Heritage
“If we don't allow our freshwaters to produce
the proper quantity of fish we're not going to
have our traditional practices."
Testimony of David Kahelemauna Roy Jr.
July 2000
LUC Docket A00-732
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State Water Code
"When it can be reasonably determined, after conducting
scientific investigations and research, that the water
resources in an area may be threatened by existing or
proposed withdrawals or diversions of water, the
commission shall designate the area for the purpose of
establishing administrative control over the withdrawals
and diversions of ground and surface waters in the area
to ensure reasonable-beneficial use of the water
resources in the public interest."
174C-41(a)
WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS
ISLAND OF OAHU
North Sesta
wraware Seam nkM
Honolulu Sector ISLAND OF MAUI
Peoo Haber Secior
Central Sod. ISLAND OF MOLOKAI an System
west Snow
tC1
(4141' 47'4'4—)
STATE OF HAWAII
Department of Land and Natural Resources
Commmion on Water Resource Management
5
National Park Service
NATIONAL
U.S. Department of the Interior 5Ea cE
Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park —
i otecting Water-Dependent
Cultural and Natural Resources in
aloko-Honokiihau
Hawaii County Council
Paula A. Cutillo; Ph.D.
February 18 2014
1
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Kaloko-Honokohau is rich in cultural and natural resources.
The water resources of this area support traditional and customary practices and
habitat for rare native species.
2
pretatioOpi's1 d oi '.4f/r "� lr ' ration t
intern an perpetu of traditional
native Hawaiian activities and culture . . .
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Congress established the park in 1978 "to provide a center for the preservation,
interpretation, and perpetuation of traditional Native Hawaiian activities and culture,
and to demonstrate historic land use patterns as well as to provide a needed resource
for the education, enjoyment, and appreciation of such traditional Native Hawaiian
activities and culture by local residents and visitors." [16 U.S.C. §396d(a)]
3
Overview
Water-dependent cultural & natural resources
Potential threats
Potential impacts of reduced freshwater discharge
Mandate to avoid adverse impacts
Potential threats to water resources include groundwater withdrawals and declining
rainfall.
Potential consequences of reduced freshwater discharge include saltwater intrusion
and species extinction.
4
Water Resources
)1n
;Q> Kaloko-Honokohau
National Historical Park
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Water resources in Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park include a coral reef, tide
pools, anchialine pools, wetlands and fishponds.
Colder, fresher groundwater creates estuary-like conditions for fish and wildlife in
Kaloko-Honokohau.
5
T'emperatuure
University of Hawaii �..
(Johnson et al 2008)
wow
1e r. F6)064
31 major '16
groundwater =4=4 , ^
discharge plumes -„
'&5 p`
d0 119 300 369 360 W
K3 15 25 15 45 55
2 04 1,9 IA 12 22 /411
Thermal images show groundwater discharge plumes along the Kona coast.
Johnson, A. G., Glenn, C.R., Burnett, W.C., Peterson, R.N., and P.G. Lucey, 2008. Aerial
infrared imaging reveals large nutrient-rich groundwater inputs to the ocean.
Geophysical Research Letters, 35: L15606, doi:10.1029/2008GL034574.
6
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S ISIn1tO
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Pat.ariir.en T. A.m.b Ne.J,ne
*Men mad toad aaenerowwow P'. ,, f•.
be*2140-4,012M
,:
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"'� „�-sw64iinw ,-�t�sr,& s€�,emu .:", »rg.+ ."n,�,. ,"" ,,�?•!./,�X°"✓da��.�'„""f. s`,^�'�'P`y,.�' �.64%,s?r""�::
Salinity increases with depth in the ponds, pools, and nearshore water.
Grossman, E.E., Logan,J.B., Presto, M.K., and C.D. Storlazzi, 2010. Submarine
groundwater discharge and fate along the coast of Kaloko-Honokohau National
Historical Park, Island of Hawai'i, Part 3, Spatial and temporal patterns in nearshore
waters and coastal groundwater plumes, December 2003—April 2006. U.S. Geological
Survey. Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5081.
7
Nutrients r i r !§r
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Down-Gras tent Evo ution-Kona
Silica Phosphate Nitrate
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i carol ow .
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SW ! ShMsw Shallow SW
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University of Hawaii
(Courtesy of Fackreii 2012)
Nutrient sampling indicates that fresh water discharging to the coast is mixture of
upland groundwater and seawater.
Nutrients are essential for coastal ecosystems, but too many nutrients and other
pollutants can stress aquatic ecosystems.
I
8
Nearshore Mari•
ne
411111P- 4
At current nutrient-loading rates, Honokohau Bay will "
exhibit evidence of further degradation in future years.
University of Hawaii(Parsons et aI.2010)
glkle. 1,71"'"1
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ra
The coral ecosystem in the nearshore waters provides habitat for many species of fish.
Reducing discharge will increase the time that aquatic species are exposed to
contaminants.
Parsons, M.L., Walsh, W.J., Settlemier, C.J., White, D.J, Ballauer, J.M., Ayotte, P.M.,
Osada, K.M., and B. Carman, 2008. A multivariate assessment of the coral ecosystem
health of two embayments on the lee of the island o Hawaii. Marine Pollution Bulletin,
56, 1138-1149.
9
Tide Pools
Growth Rate of Limu Manauea
N ,
3.0 �; Y°q� '�'
2,5
0 2.0
1D
Q 05
t� 4 r
0.0
0.S . .. --
11 19 27 3S
r.
SGD Treatment(76.salinity)
Untversity of Hawaii(Amato 2009)
Brackish water provides nursery habitat for juvenile fish and optimal growing
conditions for limu.
Excessive groundwater withdrawals may limit the productivity and distribution of
culturally important species such as the native limu manauea.
Amato, D., 2009. The physiological effect of submarine groundwater discharge on the
Hawaiian endemic edible alga Gracilaria coronopifolia. Master's thesis. University of
Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i.
10
•
Anchialine Pools
Damselfly Survival
100-
80 Cr.. - -
,or `
••
—41-20°C
20. ••p•• 24°C
- 28°C
0
0 5 10 15 20
Salinity(ppt)
University of Hawaii(Tango 2010)
Anchialine pools provide habitat for culturally important species like 'opae 'ula and rare
native species like the orange-black Hawaiian damselfly.
Damselfly eggs and juveniles cannot survive in seawater.
Saltwater intrusion or dewatering of pools in Kaloko-Honokohau may jeopardize one of
the few remaining populations of the candidate endangered orange-black Hawaiian
damselfly.
Tango, L.K.K., 2010. The effect of salinity and temperature on survival of the orange-
black Hawaiian damselfly, Megalagrion xanthomelas. Master's Thesis, University of
Hawai'i at Hilo, Hawai'i.
11
iii
�Aimal pa Fishpond
Saltwater intrusion and reduced freshwater discharge may
adversely affect the long-term recovery of Hawaiian waterbirds.
lee
(US.Fish&Wildlife Service 2011)
n
Aimakapa Fishpond provides critical habitat for two endangered waterbirds—the
Hawaiian coot and the Hawaiian stilt.
Reducing freshwater discharge could reduce the availability of food and the habitat of
the protected birds.
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2011. Recovery plan for Hawaiian Waterbirds, Second
Revision, Region 1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, OR.
12
Bays with Hawaiian fishponds may need further protection to
restore the native striped mullet.
Hawaii Dept.of Aquatic Resources(Nishimoto et al.2007)
The park is working to restore Kaloko Fishpond to a productive, traditional fishpond.
Reducing freshwater discharge could result in a loss of nursery habitat for culturally
important fish like the striped mullet.
Nishimoto, R.T., Shimoda, T.E. and L.K. Nishiura, 2007. Mugilids in the Muliwai: a tale of
two mullets. Pages 143-156 in N.L. Evenhuis and J.M. Fitzsimons, editors. Biology of
Hawaiian Streams and Estuaries. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and
Environmental Studies, vol. 3.
13
P tc nt aJ Threats to
t r l I E r t l r'si r, es
Groundwater withdrawals from the higher-elevation and basal aquifers threaten water
quality and quantity in Kaloko-Honokohau.
14
Kona Urban Area • vowiip.....
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An A
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to
100° i
1 reivirr000s
''.7- toriotiroce
•i+ "11..17.1... Q bilm 1 , •
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Kona Community Development Plan
The park is within the Kona Urban Area identified by the Kona Community
Development Plan.
H
5
it ,, District 8-Eoff
10 District 7-Kanuha
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. s•
j l ,�Haws.Cower,Council(MOM I I %� �n,r
y ime.a�wwrsrnm i ! " 4
aip.kii.tiiy District 6-Ford ,, ?,r:
EL-iPiolimideMepANNA—MOW road
Since the park was established, groundwater withdrawals have increased 80% and
wells are now located within the park's ahupua'a.
Proposed development targets both the higher-elevation and basal aquifers around the
park for water.
Most recently, the 2013 Kaloko Makai EIS proposed to pump up to 11 MGD within one
mile of the park.
Wilson Okamoto Corporation and Ho'okuleana LLC, 2013. Second Draft Environment
Impact Statement, Kaloko Makai, Kaloko and Kohanaiki, North Kona, Island of Hawai'i,
August 2013. Prepared for SCD-TSA Kaloko Makai, LLC, Honolulu, Hawai'i.
16
Hydrologic Effects of Withdrawal on
Non-Drinking Water Resources
Current condition Increased withdrawal
EXP1.M AIKA
ES
.,ems»,
• Groundwater levels decline
— Anchialine pools may dry up
— Fishponds may get shallower
• Salinity increases
• Groundwater flow rate decreases
(Courtesy of Anthony 2012)
In coastal systems, groundwater pumping not only lowers water levels and reduces
discharge, it also causes saltwater to move up and inland.
17
Observed Saltwater Intrusion
Kahaluu
600 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . . , , , 8
--K--- Kahaluu Shaft,355705
a—. Top 'r
Lee
a Rght ■
%i..
Kahalw Shag pumpaQe tPE
450 6
• • 3
? 1' w
`s 300 T ii AFT ,,,i �4y
USEPA secmtlaymacomum 4 .4
150 • emiarrinar aKe1 of 250 mail- 4 s 2
0 , 0
Sh 86 87 28 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 00 07 08 09 10
http:/MI.water usgs.gov/recentiwesthawau/chionde.html
Saltwater intrusion has occurred in the Kahaluu Shaft municipal well in the Keauhou
basal aquifer at pumping rates of about 3.5 MGD.
This rate is well below the sustainable yield of 38 MGD.
18
G1aeW Were.fion, na aMa Safi
Horgkary9U Naiga91HSi0ntal Paik hl tlW f
Newer-°Nem4 S t ofof
_.w ....,:..,..'p: i WKhM wale
"Withdrawals from wells directly upgradient of the Park
had the greatest effect on the model-calculated
freshwater coastal discharge within the Park ...
U.S. Geological Survey(Oki et al. 1999)
The 1999 USGS model showed that the location of pumping wells relative to sensitive
cultural and ecological sites is important.
Well location is not considered by the method used to determined the sustainable yield
of Hawaii's aquifers.
Oki, D.S., Tribble, G.W., Souza, W.R., and E.L. Bolke, 1999. Ground-water resources in
Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Island of Hawai'i, and numerical simulation
of the effects of ground-water withdrawals. U.S. Geological Survey. Water-Resources
Investigations Report 99-4070.
19
Increased Demand + Climate Change
—Reported aestape duty pom9ege xt Kewlwu Amodio System
14 ^2
%v.
12- •I AA AO
The Commission should determine which non-designated
2 areas are most threatened by climate-related trends,
and commence the process of designating such areas.
University of Hawaii(Wallsgrove&Penn 2012)
14 +C 0./
2 0.2
0,950 1955 1960 ?9 3.°02°
o
ys /
-09
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
http.//tf desandcurrents noaa aovfindex.shtmt
Pumping in the aquifer system is increasing while rainfall is declining and sea level is
rising.
Preserving groundwater discharge to the coast is a critical natural defense against these
changes.
Wallsgrove, R., and D. Penn, 2012. Water Resources and Climate Change Adaptation in
Hawai'i: Adaptive Tools in the Current Law and Policy Framework. University of Hawaii,
Center for Island Climate Adaptation and Policy, Honolulu, Hawai'i.
20
Potential Impacts
"Decreases in groundwater discharge may
significantly alter the ci7pipiCal ,ro •dies of
coa it r;s endansohno. ni
and animal species with ecological, cultural
and teeconomic value."
University of Hawaii (Duarte et al. 2010
Numerous peer-reviewed and published studies warn that reduced freshwater
discharge can adversely effect cultural and natural resources along the coast.
Duarte, K., Pongkijvorasin, S., Roumasset, J., Amato, D., and K. Burnett, 2010. Optimal
management of a Hawaiian Coastal aquifer with nearshore marine ecological
interactions. Water Resources Research, 46: W11545, doi:10.1029/2010WR009094.
21
Avoiding Im
1916 Organic Act:
"... to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic
objects and the wildlife therein and to provide for the
enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such
means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment
of future generations."
The most fundamental law for all national park units is the Organic Act.
It mandates that the NPS conserve the scenery, natural and cultural resources, and
wildlife in parks, unimpaired,for future generations.
22
�r�r•
Avoiding Impacts
NPS Management Policies
'NPS managers must always see ways to avoid, a
to minimize to the greatest extent practicable, adverse
impacts on park resources and values."
National Park Service management policies require that resource managers seek ways
to avoid or minimize adverse impacts.
National Park Service, 2006. Management Policies 2006. U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC. Available at http://www.nps.gov/policy/mp2006.pdf.
23
,e f .p'u%[ R' ..brosY e'sS BR.h ..../.✓ /.4ku .n
Forward-Looking Approach
Habitat for culturally important &rara ative specie,,,
September 2013 — petition filed
December 2014 — review period .,yr, (
Commission has the factual data to accept petition )
to continue the designation process
2
Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park
w\vvv.nps.govlkalto
ra NtXx �
NATIONAL ,
PARK
SERVICE
4. v
t' '. Department of the linrr�ot` ` f�
Supporting Information:
26
1978
3MGD
Rafoko Ps ,; +w
Aimakapo :4;
4'
•
NONORONAU •
NATIONAL
NISTORIUI
PARR r s.
Park boundary-1 o won
Coral reef
Ah puaa
•
e a a, HS pwa a.M m.P„
+y pws xa,soaa �t� .•
• � o
. :
KdFt
. YMhuolu]fP•ePasai!
HONOKOHAU i pMSKeah+oM1'plt NATIONAL Nom,moon.* .
HISTORICAL
PARK ow3 awPUPUUno�
2013
14MGD `
+,»
.A �Pa.M boundary I .;.
,'y,�TT fishpond
Gorai reef y '.
Anchiabne pool
Pumping well pws Yk,A SL H pws.anatw a n � ;
•Observation well .+n,i�.o».�wswa ii%"`
111.Aneppaa
28
°.}ean..H PdM L-3� N°iw.NNen.s
T Future
K.M.r, • Demand
Axnakava, .R- K.anud � ��• ��•,.-.
HAL ONO. -
HONOKOHAO f '+` OWS a.Nwdu dUt *aao°HFtx
NATIONAL Kamm.saotta.
HISTORICAL
PARK
k',�1:=/alaou4«muDrw 1»vtm wa
f/ O Perk boundary y,.. nmua o• ,r�,.
Fishpond k f+
Coral reef s,y
Anshialne pool
PI d d velopment
o Nww4bh
Pu p ng ell 't/ • Oss°a'"N"'... ;
Obs t on well Nanno.i o lM.on�r« ,�..
1r«�weR
0 0 L �>a e{. fir? .,.x,>m+s%Fy-nr
Ahupua.
�t�
•
°
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7, 4, A91
•
KAL0k0
ATOM
HISTORLCAL
"Desalination is a costly, but viable resource
enhancement measure... the area between Queen
Kaahumanu Highway and Mamalahoa Highway
might be a suitable location for brackish water wells.
2010 Hawaii County Water Use and Development Plan Update
(County of Hawaii 2010)
Ob.rH HOT
H 0 5 1
MB"UPu..