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Home My WebLink AboutCOM 0099.002 2014-2016Margaret Wille Council Member District 9 - North and South Kohala Hawaii County Building 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 TO: FROM: DATE: SUBJECT HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL County of Hawai `i Holomua Center 64 -1067 Mamalahoa Highway, Suite C -5 Waimea, Hawai'i 96743 Dru Mamo Kanuha, Council Chair and Members of the Hawaii County Council k4argaret Wille, Council Member February 17, 2015 Communication 99 Power Point Presentation Phone No. Hilo: (808) 961 -8027 Phone No. Waimea: (808) 887 -2043 Fax No.: (808) 887 -2072 E -Mail: mwille @co.hawaii.hi.us West Hawaii Civic Center Bldg. A 74 -5044 Ane Keohokalole Hwy. Kailua -Kona, Hawai'i,96740 Attached please find a revised PowerPoint presentation to be used by Dr. Teresa Telecky during the Communication 99 presentation and discussion. If there are any questions please call me or my staff at (808) 887 -2043. Thank you. M W /dh Att. Serving the Interests of the People of Our Island Hawai `i County Is An Equal Opportunity Provider And Employer Comm. No Z Ref. To: W rc.S,'-' Ref. Date_ ECP i_ 4 ?nti qwi T m qp�� __ MI __ 017 1 - MI; - I I E I El- I I I Yellow Tangs per 100 sq. meters 1999 - 2013 30 n Q 0 S15 10 5 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Figure 6. Overall changes in Yellow Tang abundance (1'Iean t SE) in FRAs, '-N1PAs and Open areas, 1999 -2013. Yellow vertical bars indicate mean density (11Lav -Nov) of Yellow Tang Young -of -Year (YOY). YOY are not included in trend line data Blue line: —1 % of reefs that are long -term protected areas (shows potential natural abundance) Red line: — 34% of reefs closed to aquarium trade since Jan. 1, 2000. Gap: shows millions of yellow tangs missing from reefs. Green ME: remaining 65% of West Hawaii coast open to AQ trade. Report on the Findings and Recommendations of Effectiveness the West Hawai'i Regional Fishery Management Area. Prepared by Department of Land and Natural Resources State of Hawai'i in response to Section HRS 188F -5, December 2014 C.. uadrrmacrN3tus ■ 0.3 •� • •r 02 0.1 ' a -D wo x a m x. x x. . a.� a.o.mr P. octotaenia 3 : � 91 9,..9sw1,.717 -7 L phthirophagus 12 ' 0.8 0.4 ••• ". 00 Z. cornutus 04 . 103A 103B , .0 Upolo 0.3 . . Pt • �lalaea U 2 r • ', Pt o i • + , . Kukuihaele 104 , r • 102B a.a 99 00 01 92 08 N 06 00 0i 08 09 Anaehoomalu Pepeekeo T. duperrey Bay Pt S . 102A 105 4 ' •' s . t Leleiwi . r Keahole Pt Pt z a. 101C HAWAII 10 Keahou A. achitles Bay 101B 0.s • 0 -5 Alahaka 0.4 t • Bay 0.3 • .�. ti• 101A 02 , .. Hoopuloa 107 Kalapana 1008 ` Punaluu Kaupuaa 108 Bay 1 QOA South Pt Examples of aquarium- targeted species that have not responded to the closed areas and have actually declined since 1999. All are among the Top 20 most targeted species. Hawaii Div. of Aquatic Resources (Dec. 2010 Report to NOAA) r. iongmans 0.e . 11.6 •0 r 0.4 • 5 0.2 ' ■ ■ 0.a 59 W Ci t'1 C9 % v5 W v, VB C9 1008 ` Punaluu Kaupuaa 108 Bay 1 QOA South Pt Examples of aquarium- targeted species that have not responded to the closed areas and have actually declined since 1999. All are among the Top 20 most targeted species. Hawaii Div. of Aquatic Resources (Dec. 2010 Report to NOAA) IN 0 0 0 0 n C- quadmaculatus 21� 1.5 1.D 0.5 0.01 --- P. Odotaema 4 V • • ■ 0-8 02 O.OL I T dopen-ey • G jadator 4 ■ • dsk 1' a mar A. achifles 06 05 04 ti 03 02 01 A—th—hdla. F Open-FRA diff + 297% Some species that have not responded to the closed areas and have actually declined since 1999. All are among the Top 20 most targeted species. 4 Hawaii Div. of Aquatic Resources (Dec. 2010 Report to NOAA) Premature 1 Collection Deaths in the Supply Chain Fish die from poor practices in capture through retail At retail, >11% of fish die within 14 days because of poor supply chain practices. Deaths in Hobby Tanks 80% of fish deaths in home aquariums are due to supply chain practices. Saving Nemo: Mariculture and Market -based Solutions to Reform the Marine Ornamental Trade, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UCSB (Cartwright et al., 2012) Each step in the supply chain significantly profits from customer purchases to replace fish that die early. Profits from replacement fish sales are so high, stores have no incentive to take action to reduce deaths. °I L ri I "I Multi- million dollar, multi - stakeholder reform effort failed, in part, because of trade reluctance to address mortality rates. Saving Nemo: Mariculture and Market -based Solutions to Reform the Marine Ornamental Trade, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UCSB (Cartwright et al., 2012) 71 i Pet Incidents for U.S.-Based U.S. Airlines report less than 40 pet deaths /year ( <.0001) Airlines Fish shipped as pets in the marine aquarium trade die at rates that are orders of magnitude higher: Dead on Arrival (DOA) standard is .05 / shipment. _ An additional 5 — 10% die with 7 days of arrival (DAA). Hawaii shipments may be lower, on average. Predictably high mortality rates are evidence that basic needs are not currently met in transport. 7010 loll 2012• Year *Air Cargo World, 2013. Few Pets Experience Trouble on Airlines ** Industry self- reporting; American Marinelife Dealers Association; Rubec and Cruz, 2005; and Lim, et al 2003 Goal: Reduce Mortality Rates to < i% per Ste-,i_., "Mortality rates of less than 1% at each step in the chain of custody may be achieved.. "* 2012 Hawaii Mortality Rates (estimated): Collector to HI wholesaler (3%): 111352 At HI wholesaler (1%): 31671 DOA HI wholesaler to LA wholesale (3%): 101902 DAA w /in 7 days at LA wholesaler (5%): 171625 * Monitoring the chain of custody to reduce delayed mortality of Net - caught fish in the aquarium trade. Rubec & Cruz 2005 ** Mortality rates: Industry self reporting in DLNR catch reports; Industry self- reporting in Cesar, 2002; Industry self - reporting; in American Marinelife Dealers Association 1998; and Lim, et al 2003 8 Scientific literature shows:* Fish die in plastic bags, even when water quality parameters are not lethal. Stress + starvation causes highest death rates Trade reports show: DOAs + DAAs for net - caught fish from the Philippines range from 10 -15%.* DOAs + DAAs for net - caught fish from Hawaii are estimated at 6 -8%. ** Table I. Per cent survival and per cent mortality of dainselfish, Pouraceutrus coelestis, exposed to cyanide, stress and starvation alone and in various combinations (Hall and Bellwood 7995). Treatment Per cent survival Per cent mortality Cyanide-only 62.5 37.5 Stress -only 75.0 25.0 Starvation -only 100.0 0.0 Cyanide + stress 75,0 25.0 C vation 66.7 tress + starvation 33.3 66.7 Cyani ress + starvation 58.3 Handling control 2 75.0 25.0 No handling control 1 83.3 16.7 "Mortality rates of less than 1% at each step in the chain of custody may be achieved" * *Monitoring the chain of custody to reduce delayed mortality of Net - caught fish in the aquarium trade. Rubec & Cruz 2005 * *Socio- Economic Study Of the Aquarium Fish Industry In West Hawaii, Cesar 2002; and other industry self- reporting 9 �`rt l 4. .}. •, V) S i u;'V `r ^� 1 1'YriW.r .1"Yrr ... . 8 Limiting Pre - Shipment Starvation Time to 24 hours: IATA LARs Container 51 Requirements for shipping tropical fish, etc... _� "Aquatic amphibians are not to be fed for 2 days prior of shipment to avoid fouling of the water." _AP, This does not apply to tropical fish. It is recognized that limited withholding of food prior to shipping is beneficial: ' Bishop Museum's Sr. Ichthyologist Emeritus wrote in 2010 testimony to Maui County, "It is necessary to stop feeding for 12 hours before shipping a fish. If not, it will foul the water in which it is shipped." CITES fish transport guidelines recommend "fishes should not be fed for 24 hours prior to shipment.. "* *CITES: Guidelines for transport and preparation for shipment of live wild animals and plants 1981 �`rt l 4. .}. •, V) S i u;'V `r ^� 1 1'YriW.r .1"Yrr ... . 8 ijjqi�i�� Limiting Pre - Shipment Starvation Time to 24 hours: Once packed, fish may go without food for 48 hours, or more. _ Contrary to claims made, yellow tangs do not go for days without feeding in the wild. That may be true for sharks and other predators, but herbivores typically graze throughout each day. Extended 2 — 10 day pre- transport starvation appears to have one purpose: 0' Facilitate transport in minimal water to reduce freight costs, which are considerable. IATA LARs, Container Requirement 51 APEC Air Shipment of Live and Fresh Fish Guideline: "Economy dictates that water weight should be reduced in the shipping container." �� _ ° .WM - 7 f r - - - - - Increasing Transport Water Volume: =� Current practice: cover the fish, plus up to 1 ", which may be as little as 1 pint of water. To safely ship fish in minimal water, all waste must be purged from their digestive systems. = Another way to protect fish from harmful waste is via dilution: increase the water volume *Marine Aquarium Trade Best Practices, Cohen et al. 2010 * *Tony Nahacky in PBS NewsHour report that aired on 2.15.15 %Ti f r - - - - - Increasing Transport Water Volume: Expensive / rare fish get better treatment: Small Weedy Sea Dragons were recently shipped from Australia to the Kona seahorse farm in 2.5 gallons of water, per fish. Food was withheld for 12 hours prior to shipping. -,0 When survivability matters, shipping in more water is best. 13 r- -! MR;_ �' I--- l �R l 7 f E--- Increasing Transport Water Volume: AD When survivability matters, shipping in more water is best. Claims that more fish will be harmed because increasing water volume decreases oxygen availability are false. AD Oxygen availability is increased by reducing biomass in the bag or increasing oxygen in the bag. HSUS /HSI is prepared to offer fish shippers training in humane shipping procedures, including: Use of bags providing appropriate surface area for oxygenation; and, other ways to oxygenate the water. Watson, C, Shipping Fish in Boxes, 2010. SRAC Publication No. 3903: "...it is essential to maximize the amount of oxygen available during shipment. The main ways to achieve this are to reduce the biomass offish in the bag, increase the amount of oxygen in the bag..." 14