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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0221.001 1998-2000 BENJAMIN J. CAYETANO c ° ~ xn GOVERNOR 4 i ' tD MAJOR GENERAL ED WARD V RICHARDSON pIRECTOR OFCML DEFENSE n+. ~ ' j~}0 ss ROY C. PRICE, 0R. ~ PHONE (8001 i33-4000 VICE DIRECTOR OF CML DEFENSE FAX (000) ]J3-4287 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF CIVIL DEFENSE 3949 DIAMOND HEAD ROAD HONOLULU, HAWAII 96816-4495 April 30, 1999 Mr. James Arakaki Chairman, Hawaii County Council 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Dear Chairman Arakaki: Building Code Amendment to Upgrade Seismic Zone 3 to Zone 4 for the Island of Hawaii State Civil Defense (SCD) and the Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Board (HSEAB) endorse the upgrade of the seismic hazard designation for the County of Hawaii Building Code from Zone 3 to Zone 4. The proposal is contained in a Department of Public Works letter dated March 19, 1999, proposing various building code amend- ments. Structures built in Seismic Zone 4 would be designed to the highest U.S. levels of earthquake resistance. The proposal is based on 1) U.S. Geological Survey studies, 2) investigations by scientists and engineers of the HSEAB, 3) endorsement by the Structural Engineers Association of Hawaii for Zone 4 upgrade, and 4) the 1997 Uniform Building Code incorporating Zone 4 for the island of Hawaii. The Zone 4 upgrade would require additional structural measures be incorporated into the construction of new multi- storysteel and concrete structures. Family residential and light commercial construction would not be affected. Attached is a February 15,1995, letter that concludes that the overall impact of the proposed code changes on the cost of new construction in Hawaii County will be minimal based on an assessment by HSEAB. State Civil Defense and the Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Board urge the Hawaii County Council to adopt the proposed change for the life safety of island residents and visitors, and to minimize associated problems from the loss of use of facilities in the event of an earthquake. If you have further questions, please contact Mr. Brian Yanagi, SCD Earthquake Program Manager, at 733-4300 ext. 552. Sincerely, EDWARD V. RICHARDSON Major General, HIANG Director of Civil Defense Attachment L c: The Honorable Stephen Yamashiro Mr. Harry Kim, Hawaii Civil Defense Agency Comm. No. '2 Z ~ ~ Mr. Jiro Sumada, Hawaii County Public Works H C C /Q L O File No. Ref. To:,_ ~ W P G Ref. Date BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON SEISMIC ZONE 4 UPGRADE Based on a 1994 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) seismic hazard report commissioned by the Department of Energy, the Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Board (HSEAB) recommended to State Civil Defense (SCD) that the seismic zone for the island of Hawaii be upgraded from Zone 3 to Zone 4. Currently, the County of Hawaii is in Seismic Zone 3 of the 1991 Uniform Building Code (UBC). Seismic zones range from 0, 1, 2A, 2B, 3, and 4. Structures built in Seismic Zone 4 would be designed to the highest U.S. level of earthquake resistance, comparable to living near the San Andreas fault. In 1995, SCD formally submitted a Code Change Submittal to the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO). The ICBO is the professional organization that publishes the UBC every three years. Also, the Structural Engineers Association of Hawaii endorsed the submittal recommendation to change the seismic zonation for the island of Hawaii from Zone 3 to Zone 4. The ICBO technically approved the submittal and incorporated the Zone 4 change for the island of Hawaii into the 1997 Uniform Building Code. Additionally, calculations conducted by the USGS in 1997 corroborate their 1994 results. Since earthquakes cannot be predicted, mitigation is the only means to reduce the adverse impact associated with the hazard. The four traditional approaches to mitigation are: 1) Zoning or Building Code Measures 2) Strengthening of Existing Vulnerable Structures 3) Public Awareness 4) Insurance Unfortunately, 4), earthquake insurance, is not generally available for structures on the island of Hawaii due to the high seismic hazard. Therefore, approaches 1), 2), and 3) are the only viable options. The implementation of the Zone 4 change into the County of Hawaii Building Code will be a major step to ensure new structures can be designed to withstand the forces of an earthquake. s Skphm K Yamachiro Mas°f ~„e,w.i, Jim A Sumach a'2:r' ;M',~0 ~~N CJrieJEnginen . (~vuntg .orf ~~fuxit DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS 25 Aupuni Serer, Room 202 • NJo, Hawaii %720252 (808)961-8321 • Fu (SOfl)961•d630 March 19, 1999 ~ c; O r1 = HONORABLE CHAIRMAN AND MEMBERS , J, - HAWAII COUNTY COUNCIL HAWAII COUNTY BUILDING 25AUPUNISTREET _ ;u HILO HI 96720 - _ SUBJECT: BUILDING CODE AMENDMENTS Since the adoption pf the 1991 Uniform Building Code (UBC) in 1993 for the County of Hawaii, several editions of the UBC have been published (namely the 1994 antl 1997 editions) by the International Conference of Building Officials. Although many changes are proposed in the later editions, we are not intending to adopt all of the changes in total. Be apprised that this action will not jeopardize the safety and welfare of the people of Hawaii County. After careful review of the later UBC editions and based upon our experiences with the existing building code, we are proposing the attached amendments- While there may be many code amendments possible, the proposed amendments are those that we feel needing immediate action. Your review and atloption of the subject amendments for this County's building code will be appreciated. Should you have any questions, please contact Wayne Onomura of the Building Division at 961-8331- ) O A. UMADA De ty hief Engineer WO:vmht cc: WAYNE ONOMURA, Building Division Chief Attachment ..on ra cwnu ~rrtans nrnorna ono w1 RC:TT nrnm as ia~irn COUNTY OF HAWAII STAT)r OF HAWAII BILL NU. ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE 1983 (1995 EDITION) RELATING TO THE BUILDING CODE. BE lT O1tDA1NED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Chapter 5, article 1, section 5-I.0.6 is amended to read as follows: Section 5-1.0.6 Amending section 205. Section 20,E is amended by addin¢ a new pazagraph (d) (4). . (d) (4) Annually. the Chief Eneineer shall file with the btneau of eonveyance~, ie on all oronerties which have been the subject of fines levied nnder this seetioa which remain unpaid for one vgar or more after final adjudication and the rx,.iration of the time for anv further appeal Fines assessed under this section shall constitute a lien upon c subject pmpertv upon the 51ine of said lien with the bureau of conveyances This lien shall be considered forpumoses of authority. to be the equivalent liens of eat Property Tax liens which arisepursuant to theprovisions of Chapter 19 of this Code SECTION 2. Chapter 5, article I, section 5-1.0.8 is amended to read as follows_ Section 5-1.0.8 Amending section 301 Section 301~a,) (2) is amended to read as follows: (2) Temporary buildings, platforms, and fences used during construction or for use as props for film television or live plays and performances SECTION 3. Chapter S, article 1, section 5-1.0.50 is amended to read as follows: Section 5-1.0.50 Amending section 1205. Section 1205 (d) is amcnded by adding the following paragraph after the third para~tranh: ,.a n,nnn• nrnetne nno wJ Fr•TT ,inR oe ie+irn No dwcllingor dwelline unit containing two or more guest rooms shall have room arrangements such ht at zccess to a bathroom or water closet compartment intended fo~_ use by occunapts of more than one sleeoing room can be had only by going throueh another sleeping room nor shall room arrangements be such that access to a sleeping room can be had only by aoine throueh another slcc~ing room or a bathroom o~water closet compartment. SECTION 4. Chapter S, article 1, section 5-1.0.60 is amended to read as follows: Section 5-1.0.60 Amending section 1712. Section 1712 (a) is aznended to read: [Openahle windows located on floors more than 5 feet above adjacent grade or floor used for other than service of the building shall be protected by a guardrail, if the opening is below guardrail height.) On floors more than five feet above adiacent trade, floor or roof. euardrails shall be provided for windows, including jalousie windows which arc openable lxlow the required IZei¢ht for ¢uazdrails EXCEPTION: Guardrails need not be provided at the following locations: D.[ At operable windows that are provided with securely installed "insect" screen or other equal or better barriers-] At windows which are ooenable below the required height for ¢uardtails when provided with securely installed "in_sect" screen or other eq~ or better barriers. SECTION 5. Chapter 5, article 1, Section 5-1.0.64 is amended to read Section 5-1.0.64 Adding section 1718. Section 1718 (a) is amended to read: EXCEPTION: Ducts meeting clearance and protection requiremenu of [91] NFPA 96 Standard for [Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations.) the Installation of Eauioment for the Removal of Smoke and Grease-Laden Vapors from Commercial Cooking Eauinment SECTION 6. Anew section 5-1.0.69.a is added to chapter 5, article 1, to read as follows: nnn FT na..rnu n~rtanr nrnoino ono wa •r'it ~inR on /o+/rn Section 5-1.0.69.a Amending? Figure No. 23-2. The Seismic Zone Maa of [he United Slates is amended by upgrading the seismic zone ~,~ttte island of Havvai i to zone 4. SECTION 7. Anew section 5-1.0.73.a is added to chapter 5, article 1, to read as follows: Section 5-1.0.73.a Amending section 2517. -Section 2517(e) 3. is amended by addin the following last pazaeraDh to read' Where exposed snared nlank flooring is used for decks stairs or ramps the maximum spacine between planks shall be 1 /4 inch SECTION 8. Material to be repealed is bracketed. New material is underscored. In printing this ordinance the brackets, bracketed material and underscoring need not be included. SECTION 9. If any provision of this ordinance, or application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of this ordinance which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end, the provisions of this ordinance are declared severable. SECTION.10. This oniinance shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII Hilo, Hawaii Date oflntroduction: Date of 1st Reading: Date of 2nd Reading: Effective Date: REFERENCE: Comm APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LEGALITY: Deputy Corporation Counsel, County of Hawaii Date SECTION I. (Change. The wording for this section comes from section 23-?-35 (h) & (i) ofthe Hawaii County zoning ordinance. Currently, the collection offines mw! 6e processed through a court ojlaw. Since building code violations are a low priority item when measured against violent and drug related crimes, collection of these fines may never happen and thus violators are encouraged not to comply. This provision is an attempt to discourage chronic violations and to allow the Building Division to more effectively enforce code requirementr.J SECTION 1. (Change. This language was added in to accommodate the use of temporary structures attd props used by the movie, television, and entertainment industries.) SECTION 3. (Addition. This language comer from the old Housing Code which was deleted in 199G. The purpose of this requirement is to afford occupants some degree of privacy.) SECTION 4. [Clamcation The purpose of the revision is to clam the intent of the guardrail requirement for windows. Guardrails are required at windows whenever there is a possibility for a person can fall through J SL•CTIONS. [Correction The previous ordinance made reference to NFPA 91- Standard for the Installation ojBlower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock and Yapor Removal or Conveying which is the wrong section of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standard. J SECTION 6. [Change. This seismic zone for the County of Hawaii is being upgraded from a aone 3 to the most hazardous zone which is zone 4. Under the 1997 Uniform Building Code the Island of Hawaii has been classified as aone 4. Also, the state Earthquake Advisory Committee made up ofgeologisrs, structural engineers, and government officials has recommended that the County change its classification in order to provide added protection for all new construction. For new residential buildings there is not expected to be a sign cant impact since these buildings are usually not more than two stories high and ar¢ ofrelatively lightweight construction.) SECTION 7. [Addition. This language is being added to establish a maximum spacing on exposed spaced plankflooring to mit:imiae the tripping hazard to high heeled shoes.) „__s n....,.~~ ~r~*anr nrnn•ne mo Vrta rr•tt ~rnm oe ie+irn ~ aA. WY :s:xe S -•v U .Y Q{~~J? ~ H A ~ k ~ ~G Ry ~ ~ 4+O i , R ' bO • $ s~ ~e y ® A _ _ ¦ O s T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ tis ~ c~ E i 1997 HSEAB Members Arthur Chiu, Ph.D., Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, and ATC Board Director Gary Chock, Structural Engineer, Martin & Bravo, Inc., 1996 HSEAB Chairman John Harrison, Ph.D., Environmental Coordinator, University of Hawaii Environmental Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa Ken Hayashida, Structural Engineer, KAI Hawaii, Inc. Carl Johnson, Ph.D., Professor of Geology, University of Hawaii at Hilo Laura Kong, Ph.D., Seismologist, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Manoa Glenn Miyasato, Ph.D., Structural Engineer, KAI Hawaii, Inc. Peter Nicholson, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Geotechnical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa Paul Okubo, Ph.D., Seismologist, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, 1996 HSEAB Vice Chairman Don Ornellas, Bridge Engineer, State Department of Transportation, Highways Division Jack Parazette, AIA Hawaii Island Section Ian Robertson, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa John Sinton, Ph. D., Geologist, Chairman of the Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa Jiro Sumada, Deputy Chief Engineer, Department of Public Works, County of Hawaii Donald Swanson, Ph. D., Geologist, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Scientist-in-Chazge Lee Takushi, Structural Engineer, SSFM Engineers Robert Tom, Structural Engineer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pacific Ocean Division The opinions of boazd members need not neccssazily represent the view of the above organizations or firms. ~G1N fF~r `o STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION OF HAWAII ~ ' r ~ c O 50x 77ag tiONOw W, r.a wall 9530: ~ o M 2 N 4 w a ~ I July 12, 1995 Office of the Director of Civil Defense Department of Defense State of Hawaii 3949 Diamond Head Road Honolulu, Hi 96816 Attn: Mr. Roy Price Re: Recommended Change for Seismic Zonation of Island of Hawaii - Zone 3 to 4 Gentlemen: The Structural Engineers Association of Hawaii (SEAOH) endorses the recommendation by Hawaii State Civil Defense (SCD) to the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) to change the seismic zonation for the Island of Hawaii from zone 3 to 4 in the Uniform Building Code (UBC). Ve~,ry/~t~ruly yours, Michael K.H. Yee President-SEAOH MKHY:my cc: Board of Directors j. MARTIN ~ BRAVO, INC. CONSULTING STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS Pacific Tower, Suite 2660 John C. Bravo, 5. E. 1001 Bishop Street John A. Martin. S.E. Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Gary Y.K. Chock, 5. E. (808] 521-4513 Brian M. Ide, S.E. FAX [808]531-4508 February 15, 1995 Mr. Roy Price, Sr. Vice Director of Civil Defense State of Hawaii, Department of Defense 3949 Diamond Head Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96816-4495 Subject: The Effect of a Seismic Zone 4 Revision ou Construction Cost Trends in the County of Hawaii Dear Roy: Per your request, the Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Board convened a subcommittee of engineers to evaluate the cost effects of the seismic zone 4 code change for the County of Hawaii. This code change submittal to the International Conference of Building OfScials (ICBO) would revise the 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC) provisions for engineered building structures. A shift from the current zone 3 to zone 4 would upgrade the design seismic load by one-third. The concise results of this overall cost study are: There would be no expected change in construction costs to the following types of projects: Smaller projects allowed in the County of Hawaii without an architect's or engineer's stamp (UBC Section 302(b) in the Hawaii County code); Single-family homes built to conventional light-frame residential construction provisions (UBC Sections 2517 and Appendix Chapter 25); Alterations and additions to existing residential construction which conform with current code; Wood-framed construction; Lighter steel frame construction used in single story warehouses, manufacturing, or utility buildings. The above types of construction generally comprise roughly 65% to 70% of Hawaii County annual construction volume put in place. z o AFFlUATED VJRH OFFICES IN: LOS ANGELES • SAN FRANCISCO • NEWPORT BEACH ~ LAS VEGAS • RENO • TUCSON • DENVER • SALT LAKE CfTY • TAIPEI ~ m State of Hawaii, Department of Defense February 15, 1995 Page 2 The majority of buildings which are constructed of structural masonry, concrete or structural steel framing are low-rise, and so the impact to their lateral load carrying system is relatively small. We estimate about a 0.35% to 0.50% increase in total construction cost for Hawaii County buildings constructed of structural masonry, concrete, or structural steel framing. Recent statistics on Hawaii County construction activity indicate a current annual trend of roughly $250 million of combined public and private construction put in place. The seismic zone 4 revision to building structure engineering design requirements would probably represent a 0.10% to 0.15% increase in annual Hawaii County construction cost, or about $250,000 to $400,000 of total annual construction value put in place. It should be noted that the above discussion did not include bridges because the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard Specifications rather than the UBC govern bridge design. Therefore, a change in the 1997 UBC would have no legal effect on the AASHTO code. Should the AASHTO code incorporate an equivalent zonation change in the future, then the average construction cost of highway bridges and elevated viaducts would increase about 5% to 7%. This greater influence is due to the fact that such construction is primarily structural. The scientific information evaluated by the Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Board indicate that Hawaii County seismic hazard is clearly in zone 4 according to the established ICBO criteria. By upgrading to seismic zone 4, new engineered building structures in the County of Hawaii would be designed to the highest U.S. level of earthquake resistance. The nominal increase in construction cost would appear to be much less than the expected additional repair costs of greater structural damage to under-designed buildings after a strong earthquake. Subsequent to your review, the above information will be presented in the upcoming March 20 Symposium on "Geologic Hazards in Hawaii," at the Tokai University building in Honolulu. Sincerely, Gary Chock, S.E. Chairman Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Board GC:nmr o a a ~ m BACKGROUND 1=0R THE CONVERSION OF HAWAII COUNTY FROM SEISMIC ZONE 3 TO SEISMIC ZONE 4 Figure 2 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i 16011 I59X iSBW 1371P l565C t55H' /t ~ KAUA1.,2\ 3iIDiAV 1 0~ ~ ~ zt~ _ 2A a 2B ~o. 3 e ~ ..o ~ .o ,°o x>o. , o so ten tso 19X i ~ i ~ i PreseAt day Seismic zones fos the Baxaiisa Islands. Redrawn from leap by Internsttonal Conference of Buiidinu Officials (1988} and incorporatia~ the Honolulu 9uildine Code zonation for Oahu. is i60W /`/~JJ 159W 158W 157W SS6W 155W v ~U~ 22N NIIHAU 1 OAII~ MOLOKAI MAUI 2 ~ 21N „ LANAI d 2B 3 20N HAWAII Mi. o zo a, eo eo ioo ~ . ~ ~ ' ~T 19N Km. o so ioo iso Proposed seismic zones for the Hawaiian Islands, incorporating the code change submittal for the island of Hawaii. Lot No :c Nn. International Conference of Building Officials rQotreevae 5360 WORKMAN MILL ROAD ~ WMITTI£e CALIFORNIA 90601.229! ~ Ot016gg-0S{1 .CODE CHANGE SUBMITTAL Subtitituis should be sent to dx above eddrua. Submittal: by FAX as act:epted (SEE RU1FS ON REVEtSE SIDE) L PROpOhFA'r(Priatx7}pe) Due~July 10, 1995 Ro C. Price Sr. s,~. tom: •s+~ ~n~ ~•o Office of the Director of Civil Defense (808) 734-2161 s..r..c~ ~ 3949 Diamond Head Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96816-4495 aw. ~ ~ ar ~ SUB!yf17TEDONBEHALFOF: -Department of Defense, State of Hawaii - ..a q~e7~~.r~.s a,t ac II. SUBhfITfAL Succ:stedrsvisiontot)u: 1997 Uniform Building Code • adh.au Section Chapter 16 Fi re $16-2 CHECK ONE: .pate number ~ ®Reviss u follovt: ~ Deiest_ ? De!:te and ::n!ttx . !en_.'v:: ? (C::~ ) ? Add a tuition as follows: . Change the seismic zone for the island of Hawaii from 3 to 4. R eisoo: (Sa B2s. eo the bae]c d this fam) . The State of Hawaii, Department of Defense, Civil Defense Division, on the advice of the Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Board (HSEAB), recommends a code change to seismic zone 4 for the island of Hawaii. The Board study of the seismic hazard of the island of Hawaii has included a series of reports published from 1991 through 1995. During this time, the longest and most complete earthquake catalog of the Hawaiian islands has been compiled from 1823 to date (172 years). Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis indicates that a range of effective peak ground acceleration between 0.3 g. to greater than 0.7 g. is expected with a 10~ probability of exceedance over a SO-year interval (475-year return period). The zonation criteria since the 1988 Uniform Building Code established seismic zone 4 for 475-year return period effective peak ground accelerations of greater than 0.3 g. The Structural Engineers Association of Hawaii has endorsed this code change submittal. ECONOM]C L1fPACf: (mart be oornpleted by prvparat) Enforutnent cost oo chance ~ itscrsise Q dec~sase ~ Notre: The reuon should include a rtttemertt indicatinc whether additiorul eau w~l be incurred by the aulhariry havinc jurisdictitnt tf the proposed eedc chance it adopud 71x polity of the Confcrena rt+quires slut a eopyri jht release be tubmittad with code chance: that t:ontain trpyrichted mslaial. ~ Check N addltlooal pates are atLChed. Number of addltbnal pacts: 1 a Summary Discussion of Seismic Zonation for the Island of Hawaii Prepared by the Hawaii State Earthquake Advisory Board Department of Defense, State of Hawaii 1. What are the earthquake mechanisms which trigger large earthquakes in the Hawaiian Islands? The largest earthquakes have been associated with movement of the mobile flanks of the active volcanoes. These earthquakes are caused by seaward slips of the flanks of the volcanoes along nearly horizontal fault planes near the bases of the volcanoes. Other large earthquakes are caused by readjustment of the ocean lithosphere to the tremendous load of the volcanoes. 2. What new information has been developed since the current seismic zone 3 for the Island of Hawaii was designated in 1970? Two things have changed since 1970. The first is that the criteria used to designate the different seismic zones have changed. In 1970, zones 3 and 4 were the highest hazard zones, with zone 4 reserved for areas in zone 3 with proximity to well-known major mapped fault systems. The major fault system in Hawaii is anear-horizontal zone underlying the south flank of Hawaii; nowhere does this fault zone crop out on land. The seismic zonation criteria used, beginning with the 1988 Uniform Building Code, are based on peak ground acceleration with a 10% exceedence probability over a 50 year exposure time. Proximity to a known fault system is no longer a criterion distinguishing zones 3 and 4. The second change is that there are additional data available for Hawaii. These data are of two types: new accelerometer data and a vastly improved seismic catalog. Large earthquakes in 1975, 1983, and 1989, and several others in 1988 have produced peak ground accelerations of up to .89g on the island of Hawaii. The earthquake catalog compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1970 - 1992 includes small magnitude earthquakes and yields earthquake rates as a function of magnitude for several source zones. This instrumental catalog is supplemented by an historic catalog (1823 - 1992), U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2006, to evaluate long-term earthquake rates, especially in the Hilea, Kona, and Hualalai regions where the more recent 1970 - 1992 instrumental seismicity was low. 3. How does the current information indicate a rezoning of the County of Hawaii to zone 4? Expected 475-year return period peak ground accelerations are calculated in USGS Open File Report 94-216 "Seismic Hazards at Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawaii" This report used the instrumental and historic records of seismicity with the USGS SEISRISK III probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method. These calculated peak ground accelerations are significantly higher than the 0.30 g limit for zone 3. Summary Discussion of Seismic Zonation Page 2 The active south flanks of Kilauea and Mauna Loa can reasonably expect (10% probability of being exceeded) a peak ground acceleration of 1.0 g within an exposure time of 50 years. The probable PGA in the Kaoiki seismic zone is 0.9 g and the western Kona flank of Mauna Loa exceeds 0.7 g. For an exposure time of 50 years and a 10% probability of being exceeded, most of the island of Hawau could expect a peak ground acceleration of greater than 0.3 g. (See the attached 5gure, "UBC Criteria for Seismic Zonation") References: Bryan, C.J., and C.E. Johnson, "Block Tectonics of the Island of Hawaii from a Focal Mechanism Analysis of Basal Slip," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 82, pp. 2368-2390, 1991. Cox, D.C., "Intensities at Hilo, Hawaii, of Earthquakes in the Lyman Record, 1833-1917, and Seismic Hazard at Hilo," 1995. Klein, F.W., "Seismic Hazards at Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, Hawaii," U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 94-216, 1994. Koyanagi, R.Y., and D.C. Cox, 'The Lyman Hawaiian Earthquake Diary, 1833-1917," Geological Survey Bulletin 2027, 1992. Wyss, M. and R.Y. Koyanagi, "Isoseismal Maps, Macroseismic Epicenters, and Estimated Magnitudes of Historical Earthquakes in the Hawauan Islands," U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2006, 1991. o C O ° o cn ` J co o ~ ~ ^ cn m o ~ cn w a~ ~ N o ~ m ~ .a ~ ~ ' o ~ ~ C N o ~ ~ n Sy ~ N X. n ~ n ~ V O ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ W (D 0' ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ ~ o x ~ N O ~ O~ ° ~ s ~ pL ~ ~~as' Q 1 ~ ~ ~ v ~ C 7 ( i ~ _ ~ ° ~ Q9 ~ { 3 u ~ . ~ ~ / I C ~ p~ ~ Y u r O ~ r-_. 1 0 y u r1~.. ~ \~r11~ ~ ~ r a s ~ ~ ~ I _ ~ to _~~1`~ m ~ ~ ~ r ~ I '7 ~ I l I m E~e ~ I_ I ~ I m " m Il I I ~ e f J I a I ~ S I N 2 ~ j ~ 'f. ) I spa I J _~v,r'r m 1 Tf Jam' Jl I ~ I I ~ 1 ~-z T ~ I' I ~ ~ r ~ e i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I z ° - - e ~ ~ 1 ~ I a ~ I` ~ w I i"~ ti ~ 't'e 1 / I 1 ~ \r 6 1 ~ ; ~ 11 e ' 1` fY~ ~ 1 0 Q C a m 4' N OTOf~ S}RIOT1 ~I'[Htld OC98T98 808 %Y3 BZ=TT ffilS 66i0Z~t0 Geologic Hazards for the County of Hawaii I. Lava Flow Hazards -highest in zones 1 and 2, significant hazard in zones 3 and 4 also -hazard zones should be considered in land-use decisions -hazard zones should be considered when siting critical facilities, such as power plants, schools, fire stations II. Hazard zones and historical flows in Puna -hazards in zone 1 include lava flows, ground rupture, ground subsidence, airfall deposits of cinder and ash -residential building in zone 1 -geothermal wells and power plant in zone 1 III. On-going Kilauea east rift eruption -eruption is slowing and volume decreasing -vents have been migrating uprift -earthquake could allow fissures to migrate downrift IV. Historical Mauna Loa lava flows -Mauna Loa continues to accumulate magma for next eruption -earthquake activity preceded last two eruptions by >1 year -earthquake activity has not started to increase -next eruption more than 1 year away, likely in next 5 years -growth in Ocean View Estates dangerous V. Earthquake map of Hawaii -over 17,000 earthquakes in 20 years with magnitudes>2.5 -most earthquakes occur on south side of island VI. Historic earthquakes with magnitudes>6.0 -largest earthquake had magnitude of about 7.9-8.0 (1868) -next largest earthquake had magnitude of 7.2 (1975) -large earthquakes occur under all the island, except Kohala VII. Mercali intensity map of Hawaii -new intensity map indicates that at least the southern half of Hawaii, and perhaps all but Kohala area, should be in earthquake zone 4 for building code (same as areas along the San Andreas fault in California) rather than the current zone 3. -best mitigation of earthquake risks is application and enforcement of appropriate building codes -many houses now being built here do not meet appropriate building code. When the next earthquake occurs, many of these structures will be seriously damaged and people will be unnecessarily injured or killed. -the probabilities that an earthquake of a given magnitude will occur beneath Hawaii in the next 10 years are: 71% for magnitude>6.0, 39% for magnitude>6.5 (=Mercali Intensity of VII), 17% for magnitude>7.0 Map by the Hawaiian Volnno Observatory of the U.S. Geologinl Survey ')tip``, ::~~)...':^,t ~ J~ 4 . Zone 1 ® Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 ® Zone 5 ® Zone 6 ® Zone 7 Lava Flow Hazard Map Zone 8 ® Zone 9 o r W N. S 070 , ~ •O j,` ,0.. N ~m~ d Ol n r ~ ~ e 3 M.= F o ~ - m ~~e~=xn ~ ? z i .tijl o m'. j~.91 j ~ »aarl m Tl~ C ~ -i• Z V C N n N ~ ~ O y v_a~x~ N~j = Ama_u ' < 'pnn_o ~ zm a~11 _d N '.°aS01~ N m N c ° ~ m N 101 C~ A N C ~~mm <ooo ,1 o x o> f dNd m ~ ,.m N ~ A 0 Q N O ~ , C , N ~ b a N 1 , N ~ O m v ~ w -DID ~ ny ~ raw w a~ 3 O D ~ cn o m D< f°Re 1~ <m N N W N ~ ~O 37 D ~ T~ O ~ C W n m w ~ °o m ~ m v o ° o a ¢7a C7 a o m ~ w ~ o c o a ~:xr::::;~~, w ~ a G~,~ ~ x=n a Al ~ n ~`:.?~.~x°,C''`°•~> ;j~ui ,x~. 'i`c~ .z~ k ~f.. . . 8.:' s. N 4a?` ;`3a.., ••:.wu..o:n~:ot.,. > c > ~ o... A<. ..av..o...:k~~SC.c.~:hb: tom, k ~ m •~-s ~ m T (rl m V ~ ` D y !o C7 v .y _ ~s x T ~ ~ a n ~ s ~ ? O o - m ~a r D z ~ a N Kohala Volcano • Waikoloa ~ Kiholo Bay Mauna Kea Volcano ,4, . ~r~Y ~ ~6 O Hualalai Volcano g, o "a~ Kailua 1843 ~ 935 1855 1881 . 16591936 9. ° .'1984 • Keaau ' ~ti00~- ~ 1942 ' ~ Ca fain Coo "`ER's Mountain View p V ocano Kealakakua Bay ~ ~a j,oa ~ Sumrrut Area`\ 860 MTV ~1 - ` Kilauea Volcano ' a i9a9 h - . 1950. n i:~~` V 1950 ~ 1950 1919 ~ ~ °i r~. • Pahala 1926 1916 • ~ 0 10 km 1907 ~ 1867 1 ~ ~ ~ I • Naalehu o loml 5 .r 1666 Historical Lava Flows on Mauna Loa Historical Hawaiian Earth wakes M>6.0 Watmea 4/26/1973 M6.2 10/5/1929 9/25/1941 M6.5 M6.0 ~ Katlua 6/27/1962 Hilo -Kona M6.1 11/16/1983 8/21/1951 M6.6 4/22/1951 M6.9 * 5/29/10 _ l *M6.3 5/23/1952 M6.2 7C M6.0 4/2/18§8 3/30/1954 M8.0 M6.5 ¦ M7 2 /1975 3/28/1868 P ata 6/25/1989 M6.5-7.0 M6.1 ~ntour Map of Maximum ~ call Intensities VII VIII _ ~ ~ -VIII ;.IX ~ , J X t`IXa 0 10 20 30 KILOMETERS i i i i Mercali Intensity VIII: Steering of cars affected. Damage to unreinforced masonry resulting in partial collapse. Same damage to reinforced masonry. Fall of stucco and some masonry walls. Twisting, fall of chimneys, factory stacks, monuments, towers, and elevated tanks. Frame houses moved on foundation if not bolted down. Loose panel walls thrown out. Decayed piling broken off. Branches broken from trees. Changes in flow or temperature of springs and wells. Cracks in wet ground and on steep slopes. Mercali Intensity IX: General panic. Unreinforced masonry completely destroyed, sometimes with complete collapse. Reinforced masonry seriously damaged. General damage to foundations. Frame structures, if not bolted, shifted off foundations. Frames racked. Serious damage to reservoirs. Underground pipes broken. Conspicuous cracks in ground. In alluvium, sand and mud ejected, earthquake fountains, and sand craters formed. Mercali Intensity X: Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their foundations. Some well-built wooden structures and bridges destroyed. Serious damage to dams, dikes, embankments. Large landslides. Water thrown on banks of canals, rivers, lakes, etc. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and flat ground. Rails slightly bent. Mercali Intensity XI: Rails bent greatly, underground pipelines completely out of service.