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BEYOND PESTICIDES
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info 4beyondpesficldes,org • www.beyondpesficides"org
Testimony to Hawaii County Council
Comments and Support for Bill 101
November 6, 2019
Dear Chair Chung, and members of the Council,
My name is Autumn Ness and I am the Director of the Hawaii Organic Land Management
Program of Beyond Pesticides. I am submitting comments in response to questions that arose
during the committee meeting on Bill 101 on October 15th, 2019,
First, I'd like to mahalo Chair Chung for the request for elaboration on the list of prohibited
herbicides in the October 15th draft of Bill 101. That draft of the list was compiled using the
resources available to the original drafters of the bill a few years ago. Upon review, using the
plethora of new information, resources, and expertise available to us, we offer an expanded,
clarified and more complete list of herbicides to be considered for inclusion.
The list in the October 15th draft of Bill 101 was compiled using knowledge of herbicides used
and reported in agriculture in Hawaii since the 1940's. The list omitted many of the herbicides
that are general use, not registered as a Restricted Use Pesticide (hence not required to be
reported), and/or may be primarily used in landscape management not agriculture. Please see
the appendix of this testimony for a proposed amended list of active ingredients that are both
general and restricted use, and that are commonly used in landscape management. The list has
also been edited to include the common names of each herbicide, rather than the scientific
name, as the common name is what will be found on the label of a product, making it easier for
county personnel to identify. Please also see the appendix of this testimony for a fact sheet on
each herbicide as requested by Chair Chung, so you may better understand each one.
Mahalo nui to you all, for your leadership on behalf of the health of the residents and
ecosystems of Hawaii County, and for joining agencies and property owners across the State of
Hawai'i and the United States in transitioning away from toxic herbicides.
Autumn Ness
Hawai'i Organic Land Management Program Director
Beyond Pesticides
808 250 4200 ®�
aness@BeyondPesticides.org Comm. No
Ref. To: V t Ll}um
Ref. Date OV 0 6 2019
Appendix A: Proposed Amended List ofProhibited Herbicides:
Diunnn
Dicannba
Meto|ach|nr
Alachlor
Glyphosate
Z,4'D
G|ufosinete
[|opyra|id
Tridopyr
Aminopyra|id
Paraquat dichloride
Atrazine
Benf|ura|in
Diquatdibronnide
Dithiopyr
F|uazifop-p-butyl
|nnazapyr
|soxaben
MCPA
K4ecoprop (MCPP)
Pendinnetha|in
Trif|ura|in
Ace1och|or
'
2
I
Appendix B: Fact Sheets on Proposed Amended List of Prohibited Herbicides
Diuron
Product Names:
Topsite (BASF) formulated with Imazapyr
Sahara (BASF) formulated with Imazapyr
Krovar(Dupont) formulated with Bromacil
Velpar(Dupont)Formulated with Hexazinone
Troysan (Troy)
Preventol (Lanxess)
Chemical Class: Dimethylurea herbicide (also mildewcide and algaecide)
Uses:Agriculture, ornamentals, ponds, aquariums, paints
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Known/likely ( , 1)
Endocrine Disruption: Yes ( )
Reproductive Effects: Not
Neurotoxicity: Not documented
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes ( ) [carcinomas]
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes { )
Birth/Developmental: Not doc .,''W'e
Detected in Groundwater: Not documented
Potential Leacher; Not documented,
Toxic to Birds Not c } meMed
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes ( )
Toxic to Bees: Yes ( `lr)
Regulatory Status:
EPA Rere istratior Eli ibilit Decision (RED) signed(9/2003)
Supporting information:
Extoxnet Pesticide Factsheet(Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Database: (Pesticide Action Network)
3
Dicamba
Fact Sheet: l�c��tapdf
Product Names.
Scotts LavvnPro Step 2VVeed Control Plus Fertilizer 29-3-3 (Scotts Company), formulated
with2�1,-p
Virgoro Ultra Turf Weed & Feed (Spectrum Brands),formulated with 2,,4-D,
Spectracide Pro Broadleaf Weed (Spectrum Brands), formulated with 2,4-D,
Scotts Weed and Feed 22-3-3 (Scotts Connpany\, formulated with 2/4-D.
Bonide8rushki| PoisonUak& |xVKi||er (8onideP/nducts), for[nu|atedvvith2 4-D
Chemical Class: Benzoic acid herbicide
Uses: Agricultural, industrial, and residential settings. Different forms ofdicarnba (add
and salts) have registered uses on rights-of-way areas, asparagus, barley, corn , grasses
grown in pasture and rangeland, oats, proso millet, rye, sorghum, soybeans, sugarcane, and
wheat, golf courses
and lawns.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Notdocumnen�ed
Endocrine Disruption: Nmtdocunnented
Reproductive Effects: Yes /k\
Neurotoxicity: Yes (�)
Kidney/LiverDonoage: Yes /4)
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (4)
0rdh/Deve|oprnen1o|: Yes bL1
Detected inGroundwater: Yes
kA
Potential Leacher: Yes CM
Toxic toBirds: Yes /gQ,40\
Toxic toFish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes
�A
Toxic 10Bees: Not 0,,ocumented
Residential Uses asFound inthe K4anaDeSafen° Database
Dandelions
Chickweed
Regulatory Status:
(2017)EPA and States' R
Petition to Deregulate Dicamba and Glufosinate-Tolerant Corn (USDA, 2016)
4
icarba d
Documents (USDA, 2015)
Monsanto Petitions for Determinations of Nonre dated Status for Dicarnba-
Resistant Soybean and Cotton Varieties: Final Environmental Ire act
Statement (December 2014)
EPA Rere istration Eli ibilit Deeision LRED signed (6/2006)
Supporting information:
PaLly News Bigg entries (Beyond Pesticides)
Asthma Children and Pesticides (Beyond Pesticides)
[SAP pesticide Factsheet,,(Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides)
PAN Pesticides Database:Dicarnba (Pesticide Action Network)
CLEC Dicarnba Factshegt(Children's Health Environmental Coalition)
NPIC Dicar ba Factsheet(National Pesticide Information Center)
Studies:
Dicara drift affects non-tar et lents and ollinators (Penn State, 2015)
Comiaans n of_pesticide levels in carpetus and selfmre or e€ pe_ ment
ractices in four US sites. Colt,Joanne et. al.2004.Journal of Exposure Analysis and
Environmental Epidemiology 14, 74-83.
Do Pesticides Affect Learning Behavin---' Porter, Warren. 2004. Pesticides and
You (Beyond Pesticides).
5
Metolachfor
Product Names:
Dual Magnum (Svngenta)
Pennant Magnum (SvnOenta)
Boundary (Syngenta) formulated with Metribuzin
Canmix (Syngcnta) formulated with Mestorione
Lunoao (3yn8enta) formulated with 8Atrazine, andM&esoNtrione
Sequence (Syngenta) formulated with Glyphosate
Prefix /Syngenta\ formulated with'Fomesafen Sodium
Cinch (Du Pont)
Charger(Winfield)
Chemical Class: [h|nroacetani|ide herbicide
Uses: Control of grass and grasslike weeds and broadleaf weeds on terrestrial food coups:
cabbage, pepper, radish and stone fruits; terrestrial food and feed crops: corn, cotton,
legume vegetables, peanuts, peas, potato, safflower, sorghum, soybeans, treenuts, alfalfa
(feed only); terrestrial non-food crops and outdoor residential: Rights-of-Way, golf courses,
recreational areas and lawns, nonbearing fruits, ornamental and/or shade trees,
ornamental plants and flowers, residential lawns; forest trees.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Possib|e /0\
Endocrine Disruption: Suspected (43)
Reproductive Effects: Yes (4)
Neurotoxicity: Not
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes //A
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (4)
Bihh/Deve|opnoenta|: Not docunnented
Detected in Groundwater: Frequently (37)
Potential Leacher: Not dOcunneDt2d
Toxic to Birds: Not documented
Toxic tnFish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes
(�\
Toxic to Bees: Not docurnented
Regulatory Status:
/RED\ signed (4/199S)
Supporting information:
(Extension Toxicology Network)
Alachlor
Fact Sheet:Ala hlor-pdf
Product lames:
Bullet(Monsanto), formulated with Atrazine
Lasso (Monsanto)
Lariat (Monsanto), formulated with Atrazine
Freedom (Monsanto), formulated with Trifluain
Ala-Scept(BASF), formulated with Imazaquin
Chemical Class: Acetanilide herbicide
Uses: Preplant, preemergent, at plant herbicide for corn and soybeans, post-transplant,
postemergent, and at ground crack herbicide for peanuts only, broadleaf weeds and grasses
Beyond Pesticides rating: Tonic
Cancer: Likely in Nigh Doses ( )
Endocrine Disruption: Probable ( )
Reproductive Effects: Not documented
Neurotoxicity: Not docurnent.e
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes ( )
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes ( )
Birth/Developmental: Yes ( )
Detected in Groundwater: Yes ( )
Potential Leacher: Not r i, „nte
Toxic to Birds: Not Flo=r ur,1 ,-'-3A,
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (7}
Toxic to Bees: Not documented
Regulatory Status:
EP1 Rere istration liibtlit Decision REDS signed (9/1998)
Supporting information:
Daily Jews Blog entries (Beyond Pesticides)
Extoxnet Alachlor Factsheet (Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Database:Alachlor (Pesticide Action Network)
7
Glyphosate
Fact Sheet:
Product Names:
Roundup (K4onnsanto)
Po|ado (Monsanto)
Accord (Monsanto)
C1earout /AJbau8h\
Departune /SynQenta\
Extreme /BASF\ formulated with
Bachdraft (8ASF) formulated with |nnazaquin
Rage (FMUformulated with Carentrazone'ethy|
Ortho Season-Long Grass &Weed Killer/5cntts\
Knockout (Liberias)
Cornerstone (Winfield)
Rodeo (Monsanto)
Chemical Class: Phosphano&|ycineherbicide
Uses: Non selective herbicide, or at |uvv nates o plant growth regulator
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Lancer: Yem (�,20)
Endocrine Disruption: Yes CM
Reproductive Effects: Yes hL3 �N
Neurotoxicity: Not docVMneDted
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes /7\
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (?)
Birth/Developmental: Notdmcurnented
Detected in Groundwater: Notdocurnented
Potential Leacher: No, docurnented
Toxic LoBirds: Not documented
Toxic to Fish/AquaticOrganisrns: Yes (4)
Toxic to Bees: Not docurnented
Residential Uses msFound inthe K4anageSafe"° Database
Dandelions
Clover
Gro I
Chickweed
Regulatory Status:
8
A-qy2nd Pesticid _S rat Flu,nian Health and Ecological_Risk Assessments for
Glyp hosate comments (04/2018)
Draft Hunan Health and Ecolqical Risl Assessments for GI hosate (2017)
Revised GI (2017)
Beya rrd Pesticides° Evaluatis�rr of the Carcina epic?otential comments (10/2016)
Gl hosate Listed Effective Jul 7 2€3J 7 as I[nown to the.State ofCaliforniato
Cause Cancer(OEHHA, 2017)
Be orad Pesticides° Notice cif Intent to List Califtarnia' comments (10/2015)
Be and Pesticides" Enlist 1ua re istration crrrrrrent (12/2016)
EPA Meetin Materials for the December 13-_16,2016 Scientificdvis i Pai l r�
the Carcina enic Potenial of Gt hosate. _ m
Re istration of Enlist Duo (EPA, 2014)
Final workplan for Glyphosate Re istration review (2009)
EPA Rere istration El"€ ibilit Decision REI/ si reed (9/1993)
Supporting information:
21LIV Ne s Rla
Report- Gl hosate: Unsafe on An Plate
Beyond Pesticides' letter to EPA callin fcar residue testin (12/2015)
A ric�i ises of Antibiotics Escalate Bacterial Resistance (Pesticides and You
Winter 2016-2017)
Asthma Children and Pesticides (Beyond Pesticides)
Children & Lawn Chemicals Don't Mix (Beyond Pesticides)
GMC3 Factsheet (Beyond Pesticides)
NCAP Glhosate Factsheet (Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides)
PAN Pesticides l atabase.Gl hosate (Pesticide Action Network)
Scorecard Gl hosate Factsheet(Environmental Defense Fund)
PAN UK Gl hosate Factsheet (Pesticide Action Network UK)
CHEJ Glhosate Factsheet (Children's Health Environmental Coalition)
EPA Technical Factsheet
Studies:
E osure to GI hrasate�Based Heebici es and Risk for Non-
Hodg_k�n L m hamar A Meta-Anal sis and Sud orting- vi enc . Zhang, L.,
Rana, I., Taioli, E., Shaffer, R.M. and Sheppard, L., 2019. Mutation
Research/Reviews in Mutation Research.
Multiomics reveal non-alcoholic fact liver disease in rats follo�mLch�2nic
asure to an ultra-low dace of Rourrdherbcsi Mesnage, R, Renney, G,
Seralini, GE, et al. 2017. Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 39328
GI hosate athwa s tri modern diseases : Amino acid anala e of I kine i��
diverse proteins. Samsel, A, Seneff, S. 2016.J Biological Physics and Chemistry.16:9-
46
IARC Classification of hosate as `° raballe`° carcina en (2015).
Read the F3ail News Blob
Transcri tome profile analysis reflects rat liver and kidney dama e following
chronic ultra-low dose Roundup exposure. Mesnage, R, Arno, M, Contanzo, M et
al., 2015. Environmental Health 14:70.
9
Ben3chVur, etal. ZUU9. Chem. Res.TVxcOi22 /D,
pp 97-105.
Do Pesticides Affect Le nection.
Porter, Warren. 2OU4. Pesticides and You (Beyond Pesticides)
A Case—C re to
Pesticides Journal ofthe American Cancer Society, 1999.
sis in human umbilical
cells. 8enachourN, S6na|iniGE. Chemical Research in
Toxicology. 2OU9]an;I2(1):97'lD5
Tgk_j�jfarmworker Poison
10
2,4-D
Fact Sheet: - -D, df
Product Names:
Crossbow (Dow),formulated with Tricl�, Petroleum distillates
GlyMIX MT(Dow),formulated with G hosat
Grazon P+D (Dow)
Pathway(Dow)
Aqua-Kleen (Nufarm America)
Barrage (Helena Chemical)
Malerbane (Aventis)
Weedone (Nufarm America)
Weedtrine-11 (Nufarm America)
Chemical Class: Phenoxy herbicide
Uses: Registered for field, fruit, and vegetable crops,turf, lawns, rights-of-way, aquatic
sites, forestry applications, post-emergence broadleaf weeds, plant growth regulator in
citrus
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Yes ( )
Endocrine Disruption: Probable ( )
Reproductive Effects: Yes ( )
Neurotoxicity: Yes (7)
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes ( )
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes( )
Birth/Developmental: Yes (4)
Detected in Groundwater: Yes ( )
Potential Leacher: Yes ( )
Toxic to Birds: Yes O
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes.($)
Toxic to Bees: Yes ( )
Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafeT`" Database
Dandelions
Clover
Ground
Plantains
Ja ansae Knotweed
Regulatory Status:
Be and Pesticides' comments on Preliminary Ecological .Risk Assessment for
Registration review (7/2017) �
11
(2017)
/12/2OI6\
(2014)
Supporting information:
(Beyond Pesticides)
4,Children and Pesticides (Beyond Pesticides)
Children & Lawn Chemicals Don't Mix(Beyond Pesticides)
The Safer Choice (Beyond Pesticides)
(Northwest Coalition for Alternatives toPesticides)
PAN Pesticides Database: 2,4-Q(Pesticide Action Network)
Studies:
(2015)IARC Mono ra evaluate DDT ILinclane, ind 2 4-Q.
nd
tential for
evolution of 2,4-D-resistant weeds. Egan JF, Maxwell BD, Mortensen DA, etal.
20I1. PrncNotlAcodJci108/11\: E37.
Cancer and Pesticides: an overview and some results of the Italian multicenter
Mi|iQi, L, etal. I006. Annals u/the New York Academy of Sciences.
Breast cancer risk in Hispanic agricultural workers in California
Mills, P.K. and Yang, R. 2OU5. International Journal ofOccupational and
Environmental Health.
orkers of America UFW
. Mills PK, Yang R, Riordan D. 2005. Cancer Causes Control.
Herbicide exposure and the risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary
bladder in Scottish terr�ier
Glickman, et. al. 2OO4.Journal ofthe American Medical
Association.
disruption.Biornarker correlation
encodrine Garry, V.F., et al. ZUUl. Environ Health Pers.
Pesticides Journal of the American Cancer Society, 1999.
Pesticides in Household Dust and Soil: Exposure P
_tAatMhways for Children of
Sirnoox, et. al. 1995.Environrnen1o/Health Perspectives.
Pesticides and non-Hod ( . ZahmnSHand Blair A. I992. Cancer Res.
12
i
Glufosin to
3
Product Names: 3
Finale (Bayer)
Derringer(Bayer)
Ignite (Bayer)
Liberty (Bayer)
3
Remove (Bayer)
i
Chemical Class: Broad-Sectrum Herbicide
3
Uses: Broad spectrum contact herbicide used to control a wide range of weeds, also used to I
desiccate crops before harvest, GE crops
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
i
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Not d z:mnent-d
i
Endocrine Disruption: Not rocumentrvE
3
S
Reproductive Effects: Yes O
Neurotoxicity: Yes ( )
Kidney/Liver Damage: Not docurnented
Sensitizer/ Irritant: ik ocurnente
Birth/Developmental: Yes { )
Detected in Groundwater: Not documented
Potential Leacher: Yes (B) I
Toxic to Birds 3 ,:;3 , uryiented j
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes ( )
Toxic to Bees: Not documented
:
Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafeT" Database
Chickweed
Regulatory Status:
e istration Review(Decision 2013)
Supporting information:
Health and environmental impacts of glufosinate ammonlurn (Friends of the Earth
UK)
iufosinate ammonium fact sheet (NCAP)
PAN pesticides Database: Glufosinate-ammonium (Pesticide Action Network)
Con entratior s o G� hs ate$ [ts De ra atior product,Aminorr th l h l c
Acid and Giufosinate in Ground and Surface-dater Rainfall and Soil Say les
ZQ01-2 0 (USGS)
13
C1opyKalid
Fact Sheet: Llo
Product Names:
Hornet (Dovv), formulated with Runnetsu|ann
Lontre| Turf and Ornamental (Duvv)
Millennium Ultra Weed and Feed (Nufarrn), formulated with
Riverdale Millennium Ultra TIVIWeed and Feed (Nufo/nn), formulated with Dicamba,ZA-D
Turf Fertilizer Contains Confront /Uovv\, formulated with Triclopyr
Chemical Class: Pyridinecarboxy/icacid herbicide
Uses: Agriculture, Ornamentals/Lawns, Rights ofWay, Pasture
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Not 'd
'Endocrine Disruption: docunnented
Reproductive Effects: Yes (§)
Neurotoxicity: Not documented
Kidney/Liver Damage: Not docurnented
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (E)
Bikh/Deve|oprnenia|: Yes �H
Detected inGroundwater: Yes (5)
Potential Leacher: Yes
Toxic to Birds: Yes (2)
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Not docurnen�ed
Toxic to Bees: Not docunoenN.,,�d
Residential Uses as Found in the K4anegeSafe"° Database
Dandelions
Supporting information:
(Beyond Pesticides)
The Safer Choice (Beyond Pesticides)
(Northwest Coalition for Alternatives toPesticides)
(Washington State)
(Pesticide Action Network)
14
Triclopyr
Fact Sheet: TricloyrA df
Product carnes:
Forestry Garlon 4 (Dow)
Garlon 4(Dow)
Remedy (Dow)
Turflon Ester(Dow)
Garlon 3A(Dow)
Grandstand CA (Dow)
Grandstand R (Dow)
Pathfinder II (Dow)
Remedy RTU (Dow)
Redeem R&P (Dow),formulated with Clo rad€ TEA
Confront (Dow), formulated with Clo ral€d
PastureGard (Dow), formulated with Fluroxypyr
Chemical Class: Pyridine compound herbicide
Uses: Control broad leaf weeds and brush on rights-of-way, pasture and rangelands, forests,
rice, and turf, including home lawns
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Not d
Endocrine Disruption rwuMented
Reproductive Effects: Yes ( )
Neurotoxicity: Not r r cumeriled
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes ( 1)
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes ( }
Birth/Developmental: Yes ( }
Detected in Groundwater: Yes ( )
Potential Leacher: Yes ( )
Toxic to Birds: Not do ung'�- d
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes O
Toxic to Bees: Not documented
Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafeT" Database
Dandelions
Plantains
Japanese Knotweed
Chickweed
Regulatory Status:
EPA Rere istration Ell ihilit Decision RED si ned (9/1997)
Supporting information:
The Safer Choice (Beyond Pesticides)
15
(Northwest Coalition for Alternatives toPesticides)
(Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Databa��Triclp�r (Pesticide Action Network)
(The Pollution Information Site)
16
Arinopyealid
Fact Sheet: arninoyralid. df
Product Names:
Cleanwave (Dow AgroSciences)
Milestone (Dow AgroSciences)
Forefront R&P (Dow AgroSciences)
Grazonnext(Dow AgroSciences)
Pastural) HL(Dow AgroSciences)
Chaparral (DowAgroSciences)
Opensight (DowAgroSciences)
Chemical Class: Pyridine carboxylic acid herbicide; systemic plant growth regulator
Uses: Post-emergence broadleaf control in agriculture and non-agricultural sites, including
invasive weeds, right of ways, grazed areas,wheat, hay, corn, pastures, natural areas,
forestry plantings, wetlands.
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Not documented
Endocrine Disruption: Not iocu enter
Reproductive Effects: Note
Neurotoxicity: Not documented
Kidney/Liver Damage: Not docu need
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes( }
Birth/Developmental. Not docu.rnented
Detected in Groundwater: Yes ( }
Potential Leacher: Yes ( }
Toxic to Birds. ',,',,1ot docurnen,ted
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Slight ( }
Toxic to Bees: Not documented
Regulatory Status:
ESA l�e�olatory Documents
Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment (2005)
Supporting information:
PAN_pesticide database, amino alid (Pesticide Action Network)
Amino ralid 12esidoes in Com ost. Oregon State University Small Farms Program.
2011
Herbicide Contamination of Dairy Derived Ciranic Matter. WSU Whatcom County
Extension. 2011
Studies:
Amino rand soil residues affect rotational vegetablecro sin Florida. [Fast BJ,
Ferrell JA, et al. 2011.Pest Manag Sci. 67(7):825-30.]
17
Paraquat/Paraquat dichloride
Fact Sheet:
Prod"uct Names:
Cyclone (SyngeDta) formulated with Carfentrazone
GnanmVnone (3yngento)
&4armnan /K4arnnan\
Quik-Quat (Drexe|)
Herbiquat /K4arrnan USA)
Parazone (K8okhteshinn)
Bonfire (United Phosphorus)
He|noquat (Helm Agro U5)
Uynaquat (Source Dynamics)
Chemical Class: Quaternary nitrogen herbicide
Uses: Pnep|antorpreenoergenceweed control on vegetables, grains, cotton, grasses, sugar
cane, peanuts, potatoes, and tree plantation areas; postemergence around fruit crops,
vegetables, trees, vines, grains, soybeans, and sugar cane; during the dormant season on
clover and other legumes; as a desiccant or harvest aid on cotton, dry beans, soybeans,
potatoes, sunflowers, and sugarcane; and as a post harvest desiccant on staked tomatoes;
applied to pine trees to induce resin soaking. non-crop areas include public airports, electric
transformer stations and around commercial buildings.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
�
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Not dmcurnen1ed
Endocrine Disruption: NotdoCurnented
Reproductive Effects: Yes (11)
Neurotoxicity: Notdo�unn�nt�d
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes
(zA
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes /4\
Birth/Developmental: dm�unn-n1er"
\
Detected inGroundvva1er: Yes (�_
Potential Leacher: Not docurnentcd
Toxic toBirds: Yes /4l
Toxic tnFish/Aquatic Organisms: Not docunnented
Toxic toBees: Not doCurnented
Regulatory Status:
Re rggs
/8/T997\
Supporting information:
(Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Databa5g�.Para at cliq!j[pricle (Pesticide Action Network)
PAN UK Paraguat Factsheet (Pesticide Action Network UK)
18
Scorecard_Paraquat Facts e t (Environmental Defense Fund)
Studies:
Droso hila DJ- Mutantse Selective) Sensitive trs Environmental "'toxins
Associated with Parkinson's Disease. Meulener, M. et. al. 2005. Current
Biology 15(17):1572-1577.
19
Atrazine
Fact Sheet: Atraz
Product Names:
Aatrex (Syngenta)
Bicep (Svngenta) formulated with
Brawn (Syngenta)formulated with
Expert (Syngenta)formulated with Glvphosate and
Leuar(Syngenta) formulated with and Mesotrione
[aUistn /SynKenta\ formulated with Mesotrione
Liberty (Bayer)formulated with G|ofosinate-ammonium
Basis /Dupont\ formulated with Nicosulfuron and Rimsulfuron
Steadfast (Dupondformulated with Nicosulfuron and
DPX-K8XG7O (Duponi) Formulated with Dimethenamid
Southerrnrnax (Scotts) formulated with Bifenthrin
Edison South (Scotts)
Marksman /8A3F\ formulated with Dicamba
Guardsman (RA5F) formulated with
G-K0ax/8ASF\ formulated with
Cornbm|t (Van Diest)
Triznne (Drexe|) formulated with Metolachlor
Augudne /DruxeU
Sentry (United Suppliers)
Conifer (Loveland)
Clean crop (Love|and)
Shotgun (Loveland)
Rifle /Love|and\ formulated with Dicamba
Slider (Love|and)formulated with
Parallel /K4akhteshinn\ formulated with Metolachlor
Revolution (MFY) formulated with Dicamba and GI e
Groxxstar(Turf Care Supply)
Chemical Class:Triazine herbicide
Uses: To control broadleaf and grassy weeds in corn, sorghum, and sugarcane, wheat,
guava, macadamia nuts, and range grasses and for several nonagricultural use sites such as
ornamentals, Christmas trees, sod and residential lawns and golf courses (in the Southeast)
Alternatives: Or anic agriculture, Prganic Lawn care
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Yes /11\
Endocrine Disruption: Known
(��
Reproductive Effects: Yes /Z1
Neurotoxicity: Yes (4)
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes
//A
20
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (4}
Birth/Developmental: Yes ( }
Detected in Groundwater: Yes ( )
Potential Leacher: Yes (i)
Toxic to Birds is documented.
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (4)
3
Toxic to Bees: Not dacumwnted
Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafeT" Database 3
3
Dandelions
i
Regulatory Status:
EPA's Atrazine Background and iJ dates
Atrazine Monitoring Pro ram Data and Results
R � � t i Review(2016)
Draft Ecological Assessrnen°ts for Triazines (2016) 3
Be and Pesticides' Draft EcoIo ical Risk Asse,-rnent coni ents (10/2016)
Atrazine EDSP Tier1 Screening Results (2015) i
Triazine Cumulative Risk Assessment (2006) �
EPA Rerre istration Eligibility Decision (RED) signed (4/2006)
Beyond Pesticides' RED comments
Supporting information:
Daily News Blo entries (Beyond Pesticides)
Asthma, Children and Pesticides (Beyond Pesticides)
NCAP Atrazine Fact Sheet (Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides)
Children & Lawn Chemicals Don't Mix(Beyond Pesticides)
I
The Safer Choice (Beyond Pesticides) 41
PAN Pesticides Database:Atrazine (Pesticide Action Network)
Studies:
Treads in esticide concentrations end use fret rr�a'or rivers of the United
States. Ryberg, K.R and Gilliom, R.J. 2015. Science of the Total Environment 538:
431-444.
Demasculinization and feminization of male onads atrazine: Consistent effects
across vertebrate classes. Hayes,T., et al. 2011.J. Steroid Biochem and Molecular
Bio. 127(1-2):64-73.
Stili Poisonir the Well:Atrazine Continues to Contaminate Surface Water and
E1j�ni<in� ter in the United Mates. Wu. M, Quirindongo, M, et al. 2010. Natural
Resources Defense Council. Washington DC
Pesticide Mixtures
ncine Disruon asd Amphibian Declines: Are We
Underestimating the I€ act? Hayes et. al 2006. Environmental Health Perspectives.
Debating How Much Weed Killer Is Safe in Your Water Glass. The New York Times,
2009.
Agrichemicals in surface water and Firth defects in the United States. Winchester,
et al. April 2009.
21
BenfluraliM
Product Names:
Team (Dow A@/osciences) formulated with Trifluralin
Qe|an (Dow Agrosciences)
Gmeenskeeper8a|an (Lebanon Seaboard Corp)
Lawn and Crabgrass Pneventer(Lebanon Seaboard Corp)
Lawn Fertilizer with Team Crabgrass Control (Lebanon Seaboard Corp)
Helena XL2G (Helena Chemical Cu.)
Sham/'s Crabgrass Control and Fertilizer(Knox Fertilizer Co. Inc)
Premium Lawn Food with Crabgrass Control (Knox Fertilizer Co. |nc.>
Ba|an2.5G (Knox Fertilizer Co. |nc.)
The Andersons Tee Time Fertiliser (The Andersons Lawn Fertilizer Division)
Ba|en Ory Rovuab|e (Loveland Products Inc)
DintecAgrichernica|s (HnchinnioaSPA)
[\ua|i-Pro(]B-2G Herbicide (K4akh1eshirnAgan)
XL(United Phosphorus) formulated with Oyzahn
Chemical Class: 0ni1roani|ine Herbicide
Uses: Applied to non-bearing fruit and nut trees, non-bearing berries, non-bearing
vineyards, turf, ornamentals, rights of way, Christmas tree plantations, lettuce, alfalfa,
Johnsongrass seedlings (residential), chickweed, lambscluarters, purslane, knotweed, clover,
piBvveed, p|antain,orabgrass, foxtoi|, goosegrass, and Poaannua, barnyardgrassand fescue.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Yes /A\
Endocrine Disruption: Yes /0A
Reproductive Effects: Not docunnented
Neurotoxicity: Not documented
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes /A0
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (A)
0rth/Ueve|oprnenta|: Not docunnemted
Detected in Groundwater: �m1docurn�nted
Potential Leacher: Notnte d
Toxic toBirds: Yes (g)
Toxic toFish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes
��
Toxic toBees: Not dncun1ented
Regulatory Status:
Supporting information:
PAN Pesticides Database: Benfluralin
22
,Conclusion on the eqr review of_thg e ti ide risk assessment of confirt-natoll
data submitted for the active substance benflura n (European Food Safety
Authority, EFSA)
Thurston iourt health lie artnert a�tsheet3enflurlin
23
DiclQat Dibro0Mide
Product Names,
Spectracide Triple Strike Grass&Weed Killer(Spectrum Brands), formulated with DMA salt
of Dicamba, F|uazifop-p-butyl
SpectnncideTotal Vegetation Killer Concentrate 2/5pectrunn Brands), formulated with
Pronoeton
SpectraddeTriple Strike Grass& VVeed Killer Ready-to-Use Spray(Spectrum Bronds\,
formulated with DMA salt of Dicamba, F|uazifop-p-butyl
Real Kill Liquid Edger(Rea/ex)
SpectraddeSystemic Grass & Weed Killer(Spectrum Brands), formulated with F|uazifop-p-
buty|
Chemical Class: Bipyridy|iunnherbicide and dessicant
Uses: Agriculture drainage areas, irrigation systems, carrot (including tops), cucumber,
melons, pepper, radish, squash, turnip, potato (white/irish), sorghum, soybeans
(unspecified), tomato; lakes/ ponds/ reservoirs, intermittently flooded areas,
streams/rivers/channeled water, residentail ornamental ponds and aquaria, lawns, and
storage areas; targets algae, b|addervvorL crabgrass, e|odee,jimsonweed, leafy spurge,
naiad, poison ivy, sa|vinie, shepherdspurse, and vvater|ettuce.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
C@ncer: Not �mcurn�nt�d
Endocrine Disruption: Not
do�unn�nted
Reproductive Effects: Yes (17)
Neurotoxicity: Not docurnen�ed
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (4)
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (A)
8irth/Deve|oprnenta|: Not domunnenbad
Detected inGroundwater: Not documented
Potential Leacher: Not documented
Toxic to Birds: Yea (4)
Toxic toFish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes &A
Toxic toBees: Not docunnented
Residential Uses asFound inthe K4anageSafe"° Database
Dandelions
Annqq1 Bluegrass
Regulatory Status:
EPA Tolerance Reasse
(4/ZOO2)
Supporting information:
E t xn t iq €gati ro€ id E ct h et(Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Datab sed , t Dibronrid (Pesticide Action Network)
25
Dithiopyr
Product Names:
Dynamo 4UVVSPHerbicide /ydufarnAmericas)
Snap PAC Fertilizer With Crabgrass Preventer(Scotts Company)
Greenview Green Power Crabgrass Prevention And Control (Lebanon Seaboard
Corporation)
Dimension 80Turf Herbicide With Plant Food (Knox Fertilizer Company)
Roundup Ready-To-Use Extended Control Weed &Grass Killer 1 Plus Weed formulated
with (Monsanto)
Swiss Farms Crabgrass Preventer(Svvss Farms)
Chemical Class: Pyridinecarboxy|icacid
Uses: Lawns, Orninnenta/ plants
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Not
Endocrine Disruption: Yes
Reproductive Effects: Not- docunoemted
Neurotoxicity: NotdocunnenL��
Kidney/Liver Damage: Nmt, ted
Sensitizcr/ |/ritant: No' ��cmrn�ntmd
Birth/Developmental: No','. docunnmnted
Detected inGroundwater: Yes (��)
_
Potential Leacher: Not documented
Toxic to Birds: documented
Toxic toFish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (46)
Toxic tnBees: Yes (�6)
Residential Uses asFound inthe Mana8eSofe°° Database
Knotweed
Chickweed
Regulatory Status:
EPA PreliMjngnLAy2rk�/13/2OI]\
Supporting information:
(Pesticide Action Network)
Ontario List Nine Chemical
26
I
I
F
t
i
Fluazifop-P-butyl
Product Names:
Fusilade (Syngenta)
Fusion (Syngenta) formulated with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl
Grass-b-gon grass killer (Scott)
Ornamec (PBI/Gordon)
I
Chemical Class: Aryloxyphenoxy propionic acid
I
Uses: Controls for most annual and perennial grass weeds
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer Not
Endocrine Disruption: Not documented
Reproductive Effects: Yes ( )
Neurotoxicity: d,.,,�cumented
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes ( )
Sensitizer/ Irritant: No
Birth/Developmental: Yes ( )
Detected in Groundwater: Ntocurner--,e
Potential Leacher: < dik') urn
Toxic to Birds: Not d:c n-:ented
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes ( }
Toxic to Bees d ,.m)tinted,
Regulatory Status:
EPA Rere istratiora E!i iilit Decision (RED) (signed 09/2005)
Supporting information:
PAN Pesticides Database: (Pesticide Action Network)
s
E
a
27
I0Oazapyr
Pro'duct Names:
Topshe (BASF) formulated with Diuron
Arsenal (BASF)
Sahara (BASF) formulated with Diuron
Lighting (8ASF) formulated with Imazethapyr
Po|ahs /nufornn\
K8ohave (Makhtexhinn) Diuron
Chemical Class: innidazo|inone herbicide
Uses: Agriculture, forestry, right-of+may, lawns and landscapes.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Not d0Curn�nted
Endocrine Disruption: Not docunnented
Reproductive Effects: tviotdocunnent�d
Neurotoxicity: Not documented
Kidney/Liver Damage: Not documented
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes(4)
Birth/Developmental: Notdocunnented
Detected inGroundwater: Yes
/�)
_
Potential Leacher: Yes
�A
Toxic toBirds: �1otdmcurMented
Toxic toFish/Aquatic Organisms: yes (43)
Toxic ioBees: yes N3\
Regulatory Status:
signed (09/2006)
Supporting information:
PAN Pesticides Database: (Pesticide Action Network)
28
s xaben
ProductNames:
Preen Pro (Lebanon Seaboard), formulated with Trifluralin
Weed-Free One Eleven (Harrell's)Trifluralin
Isoxaben 75DF (Specialty Loveland Products)
Snapshot 80 DF (Dow),formulated with Oryzaiin
Showcase (Dow), formulated with ryzalin, T"riflurali
Chemical Class: Amide herbicide
Uses: Rights-of-way, landscape, nurseries
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Possible (20)
Endocrine Disruption: Not aiocumlent
Reproductive Effects: Not-dOCUmented
Neurotoxicity: Not documented
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes ( )
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Not
Birth/Developmental: Not d curri=wnr:=
Detected in Groundwater: Yes { )
Potential Leacher: Yes ( 5)
Toxic to Birds: Yes ( 0)
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: No,t documented
Toxic to Bees: N tocurnent d,
Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafeT" Database
Dandelions
Plantains
Regulatory Status:
Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment (6/2010)
Supporting information:
PAN Pesticides Data basexlsoxaben (Pesticide Action Network)
29
MCPA
Riverdale Tri-Power/NufarmAme/iced, formulated with
Lawn Pro Weed N' Feed (Scotts [o0ponv\, formulated with
PnoturFFert/|izar Plus Dicot Weed Control IV(Andersons Lawn Fertilizer), formulated
with
Trirneo115DBroadleaf Herbicide (P8|/Gordon}, formulated with M�cp��1q
EH1153 Weed and Feed (PBI/Gordon), formulated with Dicamba y����1!�op
Chemical Class: Phenoxy herbicide
Uses: Alfalfa, barley, clover, flax, |espedeza, oats,grass, peas, rice, rye, sorghum, trefoil,
triticale, and wheat, aswell osgrass grown for seed,tocontrol awide spectrum of
broadleaf weeds. registered for use on residential lawns, sod farm turf, golf courses, rights-
of-way, pasture, and rangeland.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Lancer: Wot01mcurnente('11
Endocrine Disruption: Nmtdocurnented
Reproductive Effects: Yes
Neurotoxicity: Yes (g)
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yea (4)
Birth/Developmental: Not docunnented
Detected inGroundwater: Yes (27)
Potential Leacher: Yes (4)
Toxic to Birds: Yes (�j)
Toxic to Fish/AquaticOrganisrns: Not dmcunnented
Toxic to Bees: Yes (�0)
Residential Uses as Found in the Mana8eSofe= Database
Dandelions
Plantains
Regulatory Status:
(g/IOO4)
Supporting information:
(Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Database:MCPA(Pesticide Action NeivvoHJ
Studies:
A Case—C re to
Pesticides Journal ofthe American Cancer Society, 1999.
30
eco rp ( CRP)
Fact Sheet: mecopLqppdf
Product Names:
Riverdale Triamine (Nufarm)formulated with Dicamba, and 2,4�-D
Riverdale Triplet (Nufarm)formulated with Dicamba, and 21
Viper (Nufarm) formulated with Dicamba, and 22 4-D
Miracle-Gra Weed & Feed (Scotts) formulated with 2,4-D
Turf Builder(Scotts) formulated with B4-D
Gordon's Trimec Weed & Feed (PBI/Gordon) formulated with Dicamba. and 24D
Gordon's Triple Play (PBI/Gordon) formulated with Dicamba, and
One Time (BASF) formulated with Dicamba, and Quinclorac
Chemsico Spot Weed Killer(Chemscio) formulated with Dicamba and 2,4_D
Power Zone (PBI/Gordon) formulated with Dicamba, Il and Carfentrae �y€
Uses: Broadleaf weed control in lawns, recreational turf, sports fields, sod farms, roadsides,
industrial sites, and rights-of-ways.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Yes ( 0)
Endocrine Disruption: Not docu enae 1
Reproductive Effects: Yes (4)
Neurotoxicity: Yes ( )
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes ( )
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes ( )
Birth/Developmental: Yes ( )
Detected in Groundwater: Yes ( )
Potential Leacher: Yes ( )
Toxic to Birds: Yes (440)
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes ( )
Toxic to Bees: Not dr curve to
Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSafeT`" Database
Dandelions
Plantains
Regulatory Status:
EPA Rere istration Eli ibiiit Deisiog RED si ned (8/2007)
Supporting information:
l Cr P i eco rop Factsheet(Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides)
Extoxnet Mecoprop Factseet (Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Dtase:Mecro (Pesticide Action Network)
Scorecard Metra ro Factsheet (Environmental Defense Fund)
31
Pendimethalin
Fact Sheet:
Product Names:
Squadron /8A5F\ formulated with |nnazaquin
Pursuit (8A3F) formulated with
Prowl (BASF)
Pendulum (BASF)
Pre-K8 (BASF)
Steel /8ASF1formulated with |rnaoaquin, formulated with
Turf Builder(Scotts)
Scotts Halts (Scotts)
Crabgrass Prevnter(Smtts)
Freehand (BASF) formulated with
Cando /8ASF\ formulated with
Aquapen (Drexel Chemical)
Southern VVeadgraascontrol /Everris\
Chemical Class: Din|troani|ine herbicide
Uses: Selective herbicide, controls broadleaf weeds and grassy weed species in agriculture
and lawns.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Possible (1B)
Endocrine Disruption: Yes (�Q}
Reproductive Effects: Yes (B)
Neurotoxicity: Notd��urnented
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (;L1)
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes L27\
8irth/Deve|opnoenta|: Notdo�urnerite d
Detected inGroundwater: Yes (@)
Potential Leacher: Nmtdocunnented
Toxic to Birds: 0ot�n�unnenLed
Toxic toFish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes
(�\
Toxic toBees: N-c-AdO,-Urnented
Residential Uses asFound inthe K4anage5afe`mDatabase
Dandelions
Knotweed
Regulatory Status:
LD1 siyned (4/1997}
Supporting information:
32
Extoxnet Pendimethalin F ct heet (Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Database.Pen it ethaIin (Pesticide Action Network)
Scorecard Pendimethaiin Factsheet (The Pollution Information Site)
33
][rifl0ra|in
Product Names:
Treflan HFP (Dovv)
Treflan TR-1O (Dnvv
Snapshot 2.STG (Dow), formulated with
Miracle Gro Garden Weed Preventer (Scotts Company}
Th-Scept/BASF\,formulated with |nlazaquin
Freedom /K4onsanto\, formulated with Alachlor
Chemical Class: Diniiroani|inecompound herbicide
Uses: Annual grasses and broadleaf weeds on a variety of food crops and non-hood uses,
including residential use site
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Yes /§6 �Z,�8'�9\
Endocrine Disruption: Probable (5`Eb)
Reproductive Effects: Yes (0)
Neuro1oxicity: ��tdo�urD�n��d
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes /4\
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (0)
Birth/Developmental: Nutdo�unlent��
Detected inGroundwater: Yes (��7)
Potential Leacher: Not docunnented
Toxic toBirds: Not' dorurnented
Toxic to Fish/Aquatio'Organisrny: Yes (�)
Toxic to Bees: Not documented
Residential Uses as Found in the ManageSe6e= Database
Dandelions
Knotweed
Supporting information:
(Extension Toxicology Network)
PAN Pesticides Data base:Trifluralin (Pesticide Action Network)
(The Pollution Information Site)
(Fluoride Action Network)
34
etohor
Product Names:
Suerstart(Dow)formulated with Cloyralid
Fultime (Dow) formulated with Atrazine
Keystone (Dow)formulated with Atrazine
Volley(Tenkoz)
Cadence (Loveland)
Harness (Monsanto) formulated with Atrazine
Tophand (Monsanto)
Tremor (United Suppliers)
Surpass (Dow)
Breakfree (Dupont)
Chemical Class: Chloroacetanilide herbicide
Uses: Preemergent weed control on field corn and popcorn.
Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic
Health and Environmental Effects
Cancer: Suggestive evidence ( , )
Endocrine Disruption: Yes ( )
Reproductive Effects: Not dOCUrnented'
Neurotoxicity: Yes ( )
Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes ( )
Sensitizer/ Irritant: Not € ocume ted
Birth/Developmental No-,. documented
Detected in Groundwater: Not docurnented
Potential Leacher: ','ox documented
cumente
Toxic to Birds: N o t i' ,Urn e iec}
Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes ( )
Toxic to Bees: Yes ( )
Regulatory Status:
EPA Re istration Docurr�ents
Drinking Water Treaability Database
Supporting information:
P€toxnet esticlle Factseet(Extension Toxicology Network)
CDC Biomonitorin S rear
PAN Pesticides Database: Acetoclor (Pesticide Action Network)
35
Appendix C. Health Effects of 30 Commonly Used Pesticides
Fllluealth Effects of
30 Commonly Used Pesticides
EMM MINEEM
Cancer Errdocflac Repprodu ctive Neurotoxicity Kidmy/bver Sensitizer/ Birth Defects
Dismptim Effects Darnage Irritafirt
2r4-D, x4 X7 X,! XS X, X I I
X1 xt
Remulide, X2 Xaa� X2
Cfopyrafld x7 X X-
Dicarnbal X1 X2 X1 X", X1
Nquat Dibm4nide X12 0 Xft
DithioMrr X� Xt
Rudzipop-p-butyl X1 X� X
Oypho,sate* XiZ Xg X1 X" X1
linazapyr X7 Xa
Ncixaben s X2
MCPA X� X2 x1a X1
Mecroporp,iMC.PPi Mr 3Xf XZ XI ,X
X�
Pclafgonic Arid, Xs
X'~ X1 X2
Tricfcp X" X1 X,
Trifluralln- X6 X1 XZ V
Acephate X's X11 XSP XI
X
Bifenthrin" S X1
Carbaryl X3 x'W X8 yi X,I X'U X,
Npranif Prr",",i,N.:,,� xl� xg X1, )<I Xg
Imidadoprid r X7 X4 X7
Malathiou- XIO XII .1
X" XZ X X2
Pernitthrin—, X3 Prue
-A, XL7S", Xr
X X,
Trichlorfon X� Xti X2
X6 XZ X2
ME=
Azoxystrobin XZ X1
Myclobutanil
X2 X2
propi(Onazole XX2 X�
Sulfur
Thiopbanate nietltyl X. XXz S, P X XZ X3
v� X2
_TJ X
16 17 21 1 25 26 12
EPA .7#2,. -jtbb,,.�t
FFA .4i t�n�d.—6-tm. A——R—
.0--5..5ov—d'P—tnx.s Pp --,-r ah-T r
th.
36
Description
Mot—,toxicity detem7rinanom based on interpretations,andconciu-r4ons ofstudles-lby univ�rs€ty,gr em. rnent,or organization databases.Empty
cells may referto either insue ticient data or i the chemical is considered relam eiy non-toxic based cn ctrrer ttp wm ldtge data,
The st of3G cummonhy rimed lawn.chemicals is based on information provided:by the General Accounting Office 19 it Report,"Lawn Care
Pesticides:Risks Remain Uncertain While Prohibited Safety Claims Condnre,"U.S.Err,ironmental Protection Agency(EPA)National Pesticide
Survey(1999),Farm Chemicals Handbook(1989),The Natvcral tome and Garden Pesticide Use Survey by Research Tdanoe Institute,NC
(1992),multiple state reports,current EPA Environmental Impact Statements,and Disk:Asses eats,Eta,naoDnal sales and usage data,best-
setlbig producn at Lowe's and Home Depot,and Beyond Pesbddes'information requests.
For more informabon on hazards associates with pesticides,please see Beyond Pestis`Corewvy an Pest�ide,Hazards and Sp e,est;Marr
ogemex t at wsAq bei ondpe-,tcides.org,+gatekvay.Fcrx queens and other irclui�res,please contact our offte at 202-543-5450,ema it into@
beyondpestiddes crg or visit us on the web at t+ast*u.ktc v d f cicies:or.
Citntions
1. U.S.EPA.Office of Pesticide Rrogram Rerealsm—io n Etigrbi'liiV Decrhorrs(REDs,!1ntedm.REDS*(iREDs),and REfbasheem.
http:('avvw.epa.govipesticides`recegistraihon/.
2. National Library of Medicine,TO)NET,Ftazordo ss Substances Database,http://toxnetnl,.gi,r ih,g6vs'.
3. U-S.EPA-201.2.Office of Pesticide Programs,.r;hemkois Evailvctedafor C'crrdnogenk Poterrr aL
http.//npic-orstedu/cheniicaLs–e�,atuated-pdt
4. California Environmental Protection:Agency:ftpasibon E5:Chemicals tKJ"tk w rr to the Smte toCouse Cancer of
Reproductwe Tbxicm Office of Erwironmentat Health Hazard Assessment,
http;,'/ rw..o hha.org/prop65/prop65_fist/files/P655ingteo52413,pdt..
5. The Pesticide Management Education Program at CornellUniversity,.PesPrlde fictive Ingredient inforrnar+ova.
http.//pmeg.cce.comeJl.edu/pi-ahles/indlEx.htmi...
6. The Endoor ne Disruption;Exchange_2;011.List€rfpSYent.wit:ndo rineDisruprom-
http://www.en do crine d i srLipn'on-com,'endcuine.TEDXListove mew-uahp-
7. Northwest Caaiition for Alternatives to Pesticides(NCAP),Pestacad-Faetshr ts.
hqp://www.pesticide orajget-the- its/pesticide-f=sbeets..
S. Beyond Pesticides Cher lVatch Fdursheers,http://wwhz beWnd sticides.orgipesicidesf ctsheEts/inde�4:.itt .
9. U.S.EPA.Chronic Non-Ccrrcer/loxi sty Dato jar Chem.h-als Usted dander EPCRA Section 311 Toxic Release inventnry
Program.hitp://wwvi epa_gov/tTi krichemicals/hazardinfa/Itazarcl_chronic non-cancaer95:pdf-
14. European Union Commission on the Enrrlr+snn-rent.List c f 146 substances with endo dire disruprbr fass:arie:fans,
nney 13-http://ec.euTopa.euf nvrtt¢r entierdc river irategy/substances_en.htn,#report2.
Si. Extension Toxicology✓het oi* EXTOXNET)Pasricsde informal on Pry; s,http:)'a`estcxriet:arst.edufghlnde .htrnl.
1.2.. International Agency.for Research on Cance r,.World Stealth Orgartization(IARC).category 2A,the agent imixture k is;probably
carcinogenic to humans based on sufficient e0dence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies.
hitn:(/mcnragraptt5.iafc-fr,`EF4G C=assificatlon/index php.
*, 0 N p r E 5 T i C 9 D E5,, Lost Updored.kfay 2,015
l' 1",b'e-yansipts'tic i d,'s.trr'
37
Appendix D. Environmental Effects of 30 Commonly Used Lawn Pesticides
II JI Onmentil lufec f
61 6ommon y se'J L'aOwn Pest"c'Ldes
m7rg�-Toxic to Fish To 1"to
r--�c -Fis, lA x 1,
Aquatic Toxic to Bees
q. Mammals
rgalsisms
ts:
Detected in Potentiat Toxic to Birds Toxic to
Grou ndwater Leacher
7
1jj
2,4-D' XI�Uu X
Benfluralin X! X3,.!
Clupyratid XI X�� XII XII
Dicarnba X X12,� XV�Al XII'SAI. X�Uhil
Diquat.Diibrornide X� kLa-Ai WAIi Xz,
Dithiopyr
2
D
D
4
q-
P
b
J'a
D
Yb c
'mide
,fluazipDp-p-butyl
Gfypllosate- X, )(S xl ,-. Xi", X= X�
Nnazapyr, )(2 XZA
X-' 'X
MCPA xl'�, X--I- XI-SU xiMl Xs XX
r"l".P,.i,tMCPpr I
rvlecoprop(MCPPII XA X, ya X
Pelargonk Acid S x3f X5
pen dimetlia lin XI"'li X,-U X�
TeltlopVr y xl,ZU xza<,!l X2A- SAII
TriflurAw
Acephate X201 W=slil
EW.enthrin-- X',4
carbaryl M i XZ11 X12,3,11' 3
Fiproffll X7 X5,11 c.zfze X--cmil
X-
X1,7,11 XII_JC,tI
Kalathiov
X
Permethrin- XtAAli
XIAI� xl,,,,-, X�it
Azoxystrobin XII xi,
Myclobutanif X7 X,
Fr Opiconazole )c X-; XB".t XSII Xftl
Sulfur X1 V=- jai ass
Thiophanate methyl x xa-jzl Xu
Totals:: 19 20 22 Sok 29 14
....................
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Description
Most toxicity date tR mations based can interpretations and candmions of studies by university.governmaent,or organization databases.EnFpty
cells may refer to either insufficient data or it tfo-cherr cal is can 5i+ red relatively rot-tans!rased on currently avauiaa>e data-The cot,i m n la-
beled'Potantfal to Leach"refers to a chemical's patentia"to rnoweintodeepersoil lams and eventually into groundwater The ce.La n labeled
"Toxic to Mammale refersto conclusions based an evidence fora studies done on r7on4tunw,;ma mmals-
The fisc of 30commonty used lawn chemicals is based on infam ration Provided by the general Accounting t face 1_q%Repo 'Lawn rare
Pesticides:Risk,Resr lain Unc. tain While Prohibited Saafe;5{Maims ntirr ae,'U.S.ErrAronmental Protect ran Agency(ERA.19 anona:Ra-cid'e
Survey T19 %Farm Chemicals Handbook(M9),The Natnnal Home and Garden Pesticide Use Survey by Research Trrangte institute,NC
(1992;,mutt ple state reports,current EPA Environmental Impact Statements,and Risk Assessments EPA.naY xtal sa,as and usaga d ta,be t-
sei li rig product,at Lov e's and Horne Depth and Beyond Pesticides informatic n requests..
For more information an hazards ass fated xvith pesticides,please see Beyxand Pesticides'Gateway on Pescgvde t-ltazaan:fsar d 5aafe Pest,Vwa
agerrenr at wv.%,ibeyondpestridesoWgateway,Fear questions and tither inquiries,please contact taut offte at 2D21-543-54-50,email info,!'
beyond pea' iddes.org or visit us an the tveb at www-beyundpesticici
Citations
1- ExtensionToxicology Network(EATOXNET)Pesticide Informa*ioa Pfoiles Available at::http.,/jeu2asrne,.Grsx.edu/aip tghhd .himi.
2- Fiort3we st Coalition forAlternativesto Pesticides(NLAP),Pesticide Factsheets.Ava ilable at t t€ ;fr?v M1v4v.tae cide;org+geT-Yhe-€acts
pesticide-toisheets.
3 U.S.EPA,Offke of Prevention,Peror_ides:and Toxic Substar es,Peregistraton EligiliNityDetasions(€LEDs),Interim REDS(iREDs)and RED
Facesheets.Available at:http,l(wwwr.eca.Eai/Pe tcdes)`rrre trarimnr taYus.Cr .
4. National Libory of bledicine,TO €ET Hazardous Substance Da base-Availabteat:tltp; t etrl .nah.�cn',r�rbir:,rssf
htrnigeni HSLB..
5. Pesticide:ActionNetwIorkPesticideDatabase.Available at.htCp;{, a.l r'ctxiei±7ft.org-
5, Fluoride rszbonAlert Pesticide Project Fact ets.Availableat:h :f/cin+fuofrdealert.orgjF-pe ticides.htten.
7. U.S.Gealogica€Sufvrty,WaW Qua'ifty in Principal Aquif is of the United States,119'91 2GI 0.2015.available at:nYtp:,ljjpubs.urg godf
circ/1SF�ll`
& llattaglk-r VVA.,MT-Meyer,K.M,Rurvila,andT E.Die M—Glyphosate and Its Degradation Prodact ATARA Occur Frequently and'e"idely+in
U S.Soils,Surface Water,Groundwater,and Precipitation-Journal of the American Wffw!.Resource--Association(lA'A?RA,)SLl2).275-2190.
2G14-Available at:httpWonWr.e€ibraryaiifey.con-lldoVlt1.L17 ja it l5 tlabstract
9. U.S Geological Survey.Occurrence of Fungicides and Other Pesticides in Surface.4 titer,Grou ndwater,and Sediment from Three
Targeted•Use Areas in the United States-2tf13-Available at:http_/fr-,,Amv.s ncedirect,ccni/scienceatidefpiif 145653512005'<13.
10.. ri ational Pesticide information Center{NEFi .Available at:http,,//npic.crA..edu rara .Kbtmi.
M UK ersity of Hertfordshire,RPM,Pesudde Properties Database:Available at',littp:{tsltem—hrerts-ac uk./aer ip-p�dt,/eelr'.
12_ U 5.Forest Service.Human Health and Ecolqgwiczi Risk Aasessn-rent.Available at: http:f/iv sw.fs.fed u4tlo e l eaa°th,<<'pest cidetf-isk-stAml.
REVOND PESTICIDES
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