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COM 0889.000 2018-2020
JNtY^OF p`1Y• Harry Kim • •�., Roy Takemoto Mayor , ; 41,b1Managing Director 4. —,;�• Barbara J.Kossow ij:' M—oo:•, o;'M�.N Deputy Managing Director U .ifs innt`� Mffirr of f1r Atzturir 25 Aupuni Street,Suite 2603 • Hilo,Hawai`i 96720 • (808)961-8211 • Fax(808)961-6553 KONA: 74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Hwy.,Bldg.C • Kailua-Kona,Hawaii 96740 (808)323-4444 • Fax(808)323-4440 March 12, 2020 17 ,, CD Aaron S. Y. Chung, Council Chair and Members of the County Council 't. '' County of Hawai`i 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, HI 96720 --- Dear Chair Chung and Members: SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ 19-000238) Request: RS-7.5 & RM-3.5 to RA-3a &RS-20 Applicant: BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE,LLC Tax Map Key: 7-7-008:120 and 124 As required by Chapter 7, Sec. 6-7.5 (a), Hawai`i County Charter, transmitted herewith for the County Council's consideration and action are the Leeward Planning Commission's letter and enclosures regarding the above-referenced requests. Sincerely, \r7-2 HAR1 KIM Mayor TCouncilBNPParibasREZ 19-23 8 Enclosures cc: Planning Department Comit,'No. '"Ref,-To: 'PC Ref.Pate '•E l.Uo kk) County of Hawai`i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. • A A' Harry Kim ' ° ��of �,1';.''. Nancy Carr Smith, Chair Mayor . ., �' Perry,Kealoha,Vice-Chair Scott Church Wil Okabe + o,;:�; Keith F.Unger ,.. ,T r:r.,fir __- Managing Director E os'Nt Michael Vitousek Faith"Faye"Yates County of Hawaii LEEWARD PLANNING COMMISSION Aupuni Center • 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 3 • Hilo,Hawai`i 96720 Phone(808)961-8288 • Fax(808)961-8742 MAR - 9 2020 Aaron S.Y. Chung, Council Chair and Members of the County Council County of Hawai`i 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Chair Chung and Council Members: SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ 19-000238) Applicant: BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE,LLC Request: RS-7.5 & RM-3.5 to RA-3a & RS-20 Tax Map Key: 7-7-008:120 and 124 The Leeward Planning Commission, at its duly held public hearing on February 20, 2020, recommended for your approval the proposed legislative bill for a Change of Zone from a Single- Family Residential-7,500 square feet (RS-7.5) and Multiple-Family Residential-3,500 square feet (RM-3.5)to Residential and Agriculture-3 acres(RA-3a)and Single-Family Residential-20,000 square feet(RS-20) zoning district. The property is located at located east and west of the La`aloa Avenue extension between La`ela`e Street and Kuakini Highway, Pahoehoe 2nd, North Kona, Hawai`i. The Commission concurs with the following Planning Director's reasons for recommending favorable consideration of the request: The applicant is requesting to "downzone" the properties to Residential and Agriculture- 3 acres (RA-3a) and Single-Family Residential- 20,000 square feet (RS-20), which would allow for the development of up to 45 residential units total on 29.949 acres of land.The subject property is located east and west of the La'aloa Avenue extension between La`ela`e Street and Kuakini Highway, Pahoehoe 2nd,North Kona, Hawai`i, TMKs: (3) 7-7- 008:120 and 124. Hawai`i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer `- Aaron S.Y. Chung, Council Chair and Members of the County Council Page 2 The current Multiple-Family Residential- 3,500 square feet (RM-3.5) and Single- Family Residential- 7,500 square feet (RS-7.5) zoning of the property would allow the development of up to 191 multiple-family residential units and 84 single-family residential units, for a combined total of 275 residential units,on the subject property. The applicant is specifically requesting the following: • Rezone Parcel 120,which is 19.597 acres in size,from RM-3.5 and RS-7.5 to RS-20. This would allow up to 42 single-family residential units/lots to be developed on this parcel. • Rezone Parcel 124, consisting of 10.35 acres, from RS-7.5 to RA-3a to allow for the development of 3 single-family residential lots/units. • Provide up to ten (10)years to complete development of the property. The applicant is a bank that acquired the property by way of foreclosure in the U.S Federal District Court. The applicant is not a developer and intends to sell the property to a developer. The change of zone is being requested to make the property easier to sell and to align the zoning with the Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) related to roadway concurrency and Zoning Code concurrency requirements related to potable water availability. The property's current rezone ordinance (Ord. 94-124) contains a condition preventing issuance of a building permit on the property until funding for the construction of the entire length of the Alii Highway has been committed. Should the applicant's request be approved, the new ordinance will replace the old ordinance for the property and allow the property to be developed, albeit at a much lower density. In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions can be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth determined by the General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of these evaluations and decisions must also be considered as they may have an impact on similar areas in the County. The Change of Zone request from Single-Family Residential-7,500 square feet (RS-7.5)and Multiple-Family Residential-3,500 square feet(RM-3.5)to Residential and Agriculture-3 acres(RA-3a)and Single-Family Residential-20,000 square feet(RS-20) conforms to the goals, policies and standards of the General Plan. The General Plan is intended to be used as a policy guide for the coordinated growth and development of all sectors of the County. The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Aaron S.Y. Chung, Council Chair and Members of the County Council Page 3 (LUPAG)Map component of the General Plan is a representation of the document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of the physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUPAG Map establishes the basic urban and non-urban form for areas within the County. The property is designated Urban Expansion Area on the LUPAG Map, which allows for a mix of high density, medium density, low density, industrial, industrial-commercial and/or open designations in areas where new settlements may be desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses have not yet been determined. The proposed zoning is consistent with this designation in that single-family residential uses are found in urban expansion areas when there is not adequate infrastructure to support higher-density residential development. The Kona Community Development Plan(CDP) is a component of the General Plan and lays out the desired land use pattern for the Kona region.The CDP recognizes that traffic congestion in Kona is getting worse and that road improvements have not kept pace with development. In the area of the subject property, the La`aloa Avenue extension, which is a major mauka-makai roadway connecting Ali`i Drive to Kuakini Highway, was recently completed. A timeline for constructing the Alii Parkway, runs along the western property boundary,has not been determined at this time. Construction of this road would relive traffic congestion on Alii Drive. The applicant completed a traffic assessment in 2016 that determined 43 single-family residential units was the maximum number possible for construction while still retaining acceptable level-of-service (LOS) operations at the Alii Drive/La`aloa Avenue and Kuakini Highway/La`aloa Avenue intersections in the year 2035 without the need for improvements at these intersections. The current zoning districts and densities, which would allow the development of up to 275 residential units, would have an adverse effect on these intersections and congestion on Alii Drive, thus the applicant is requesting the"downzoning"of the property to RS-20 and RA-3a to reduce traffic impacts on area roadways of developing the property.The"downzoning"of the property will also support goals of the General Plan and CDP to protect historic and cultural resources in that the proposed lower zoning density will provide larger areas of open space to reduce impacts these resources. The proposed request will result in a more appropriate land use pattern that will further the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare. When considering any request to change the zoning district of a property,the Director shall consider the purpose of the existing and proposed zoning district and the purpose of the Zoning Code and shall recommend a change in zoning only where it would result in a more appropriate land use pattern that will further the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare. Aaron S.Y. Chung, Council Chair and Members of the County Council Page 4 In considering the request in relation to the surrounding zoning,the request will result in an appropriate land use pattern.The property is surrounded by a mix of agricultural zoning (A-5a) to the north and residential uses and zoning (RS-15) to the south. The Alii Heights subdivision, consisting of single-family residential lots about 15,000 square feet in size, is located just south of Parcel 124. The Kuakini Heights subdivision is located east of the property above Kuakini Highway.This subdivision is zoned RS-10.The property immediately north of the property is zoned A-5a and vacant.The Ho`omalu on Ali`i subdivision,consisting of agricultural lots about 5 acres in size, is located further to the north. The proposed RA-3a and RS-20 zoning is more consistent with the surrounding zoning densities of A-5a, RS-10 and RS-15, than the current zoning densities. To further limit increased density in the area, although ohana dwellings are permitted in the County's Residential zoned district,a condition will be included to incorporate restrictive covenants in the deed of all lots to prohibit ohana dwellings on the newly created lots. Lastly, the concurrency requirements in the Zoning Code for water indicate that a zoning amendment should not be granted unless the Department of Water Supply has determined that it can meet the water requirements of the project. The current zoning allows the development of up to 275 residential units;however,the water availability in the area has significantly changed since the original change of zone was granted in 1994 to where only 37 units of water are available to the property. The request to "downzone"the property would conform to the Zoning Code in that the request would bring the zoning density in line with the current water availability for the area. Based on the above information,the proposed request will result in a more appropriate land use pattern that will further the public necessity and convenience, and the general welfare of the County. The proposed request will not burden public agencies to provide utilities and services to the subject property. Access to the property will be from La'aloa Avenue,which is a two-lane paved County roadway with paved shoulders,and curb,gutter,sidewalks.There is also a raised median in the roadway,and therefore the Department of Public Works(DPW) recommends restricting the driveway access to right-in/right-out movements unless the median at the proposed access is removed by the developer. According to DPW, direct access to individual residential lots will not be allowed on La`aloa Avenue and the future Alii Highway. Additionally, the State Department of Transportation previously indicated that access to Kuakini Highway will not be allowed.DOT also recommends a traffic study be completed by a future developer and any recommended improvements are implemented at the Kuakini Highway-La'aloa Avenue intersection. Aaron S.Y. Chung, Council Chair and Members of the County Council Page 5 County water is available to the property. According to the Department of Water Supply (DWS), a maximum of 50 units of water is available per existing lot of record, which was the original 44.376-acre parcel known as Parcel 21. This parcel has since been divided into three parcels (21, 120 and 124) by the Alii Highway and La'aloa Avenue extension. The DWS has divided the water units proportionally based on the land area of each parcel and determined that 37 units of water can be made available to the subject property. Extensive improvements and additions to the County water system will be needed in order to provide additional water to the property. The County sewer system is located nearby in La'aloa Avenue. The County Department of Environmental Management recommends a sewer study be completed by a future developer to determine the extent of improvements needed to the County sewer system prior to future development of the property. Solid waste will be handled by commercial haulers or individual homeowners into authorized landfill sites or transfer stations. The property is mainly located within the Flood Zone "X", which is an area outside of the 500-year flood plain. All essential utilities and services are available to the property. Police, fire and medical services are available nearby in Kona and Kealakekua. Lastly, in addition to including conditions recommended by the agencies,the Director recommends the standard fair share contribution condition be added to mitigate the potential regional impacts of development of the property with respect to public services and facilities. The subject request is not contrary to Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statues, relating to Coastal Zone Management. The property is situated in the Special Management Area and therefore an SMA Permit will need to be issued by the Planning Commission before a future landowner can develop the property.The property is not a shoreline property and will not be impacted by coastal hazards and beach erosion. There is no record of a designated public access to the shoreline or mountain areas that traverses the property. In view of the Hawaii State Supreme Court's "PASH" and "Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka'Aina" decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site: Investigation of valued resources: Several professional archaeological and cultural studies have been conducted for the property and surrounding area over the years. The most recent study was an Archaeological Inventory Survey(AIS)prepared by Haun&Associates in Aaron S.Y. Chung, Council Chair and Members of the County Council Page 6 April 2006 for a 42-acre area consisting of the subject parcels and Parcel 21 and 23 to the west.No professional flora or fauna surveys were conducted of the site because it has been used for cattle grazing in the past. The valuable cultural,historical,and natural resources found in the rezoning area:The 2006 AIS indicated the property is situated in the lower portion of the kula zone of the Kona Field System.There were 41 historic sites containing 1,058 features within the study area.The function of these features includes agricultural,permanent and temporary habitation,burials, livestock control, ceremonial, ranching, transportation and flood control. The study recommended preservation of 6 sites (6302, 6348, 6350, 6991, 6994, 24541), mitigation through data recovery for 21 sites,and no further work due to adequate documentation for 14 sites. Of the six sites recommended for preservation,two sites (Site 6302,the Kuakini Wall and Site 6350, a trail) are located on the subject property. In a letter dated May 22,2006,the State Historic Preservation Division(SHPD)agreed with the survey's recommendations,thus a Data Recovery Plan and Preservation Plan will be prepared and implemented for the identified sites on the property.There is a historic trail(Site 6350)that runs in a mauka-makai direction through the property and adjacent property to the west;however,there is no evidence this is a public access trail. The 2006 archaeological field survey also identified Opiuma, kiawe, koa haole, grasses, scattered lantana, and panini cactus.No threatened or endangered flora was identified on the property and it is unlikely that threatened or endangered fauna would be found on the property since the property is surrounded by urban development. Possible adverse effect or impairment of valued resources: There may be a possibility that native plants,animals or bird nesting areas could be destroyed by construction and ground alteration.The subject property does not abut the shoreline,therefore Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights is not an issue. Feasible actions to protect native Hawaiian rights: A condition of approval will be included to require the applicant provide a Data Recovery Plan and Mitigation Plan for historic and cultural resources identified on the property in the 2006 AIS. Based on the preceding, it is believed that the project would have no adverse impact relative to the archaeological, cultural or historical resources of the area. To the extent to which traditional and customary Native Hawaiian rights are exercised,the proposed change of zone will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights and no action is necessary to protect these rights. Aaron S.Y. Chung, Council Chair and Members of the County Council Page 7 Lastly, this approval is made with the understanding that the applicant remains responsible for complying with all other applicable governmental requirements in connection with the approved use,prior to its commencement or establishment upon the subject property. Additional governmental requirements may include the issuance of building permits, the installation of approved wastewater disposal systems, compliance with the Fire Code, installation of improvements required by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA), compliance with DLNR-SHPD requirements, among many others. Compliance with all applicable governmental requirements is a condition of this approval; failure to comply with such requirements will be considered a violation that may result in enforcement action by the Planning Department and/or the affected agencies. Based on the above findings, approval of this change of zone request from Multiple- Family Residential-3,500 square feet(RM-3.5)and Single-Family Residential-7,500 square feet (RS-7.5)to Residential and Agriculture-3 acres(RA-3a)and Single-Family Residential-20,000 square feet(RS-20)would result in an appropriate land use pattern that will further benefit the general public. The accompanying draft bill to amend Section 25-8-3 (North Kona Zone Map), Chapter 25 (Zoning Code)of the Hawai i County Code,is provided for your favorable consideration. Please note the proposed conditions of approval attached to the draft bill. We are enclosing copies of the staff Background, Planning Director's Recommendation, the Power point presentation and a draft transcript of the hearing for your information to be provided under separate cover. Sincerely, Nancy Carr `.Carr Digitally signedSmith by Nancy Smith Date:2020.03.09 09:17:44-10'00' Nancy Carr Smith, Chair Leeward Planning Commission LBNPParibasREZ 19-2381pc2 Enclosures cc: Roger Harris Department of Public Works Department of Water Supply Ronald Kim, Esq., Corporation Counsel / / B BNPParibasREZ,do c-2/12/20 COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT BNP PARIBAS VPG BROOKLINE CRE,LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 19-000238) BNP PARIBAS VPG BROOKLINE CRE, LLC has submitted an application for a Change of Zone from a Single-Family Residential- 7,500 square feet (RS-7.5) and Multiple- Family Residential- 3,500 square feet (RM-3.5) to Residential and Agriculture- 3 acres (RA-3a) and Single-Family Residential- 20,000 square feet (RS-20) zoning district for 29.949 acres of land. The subject property is located east and west of the La'aloa Avenue extension between Lacelace Street and Kuakini Highway, Pahoehoe 2nd,North Kona, Hawai`i, TMKs (3) 7-7-008:120 and 124. PROPOSED ACTION 1. Applicant's Request: The current RM-3.5 and RS-7.5 zoning of the property would allow a landowner to develop up to 191 multiple-family residential units and 84 single- family residential units, for a combined total of 275 residential units, on the subject property. The applicant is requesting to "downzone"the properties to RA-3a and RS-20, which would allow for the development of up to 45 residential units total. Specifically, the applicant is requesting to rezone Parcel 120, which is 19.597 acres in size, from RM- 3.5 and RS-7.5 to RS-20. This would allow up to 42 single-family residential units to be developed on the property. The applicant is requesting to rezone Parcel 124, consisting of 10.35 acres, to RA-3 a to allow for the development of 3 single-family residential units. Lastly, the applicant is requesting up to ten (10) years to complete development of the property. According to the Zoning Code, the purpose of th'e Residential and Agricultural (RA) zoning district is to provide for activities or uses characterized by low density residential lots in rural areas where"city-like" concentrations of people, structures, streets, and urban level of services area absent, and where small farms area intermixed with low density residential lots. The RA district is intended to be only within areas -1- ti % ! designated as being in the State land use rural or urban districts. Requirements for establishing a land use in the RA district, including a list of the variety of permitted land uses, are shown in Section 25-5-50 to 57 of the Zoning Code (Planning Department Exhibit 1 —Zoning Code Requirements for Residential and Agricultural Districts). According to the Zoning Code, the purpose of the Single-Family Residential (RS) zoning district is to provide for low and medium density residential uses for urban and suburban family life. Requirements for establishing a land use in the RS district, including a list of the variety of permitted land uses, are shown in Section 25-5-1 to 8 of the Zoning Code (Planning Department Exhibit 2—Zoning Code Requirements for Single-Family Residential Districts). 2. Reason for Request: The applicant is a bank that acquired the property by way of foreclosure in the U.S Federal District Court. The applicant is not a developer and intends to sell the property to a developer. The change of zone is being requested to make the property easier to sell and to align the zoning with the Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) related to roadway concurrency and Zoning Code concurrency requirements related to potable water availability. The property's current rezone ordinance (Ord. 94- 124) contains a condition preventing issuance of a building permit on the property until funding for the construction of the entire length of the Ali`i Highway has been committed. Should the applicant's request be approved, the new ordinance will replace the old ordinance for the property and allow the property to be developed, albeit at a much lower density. 3. Landowner: BNP Paribas VP Brookline CRE LLC. 4. Supportive Information: The applicant has submitted the attached in support of the request. (Planning Department Exhibit 3 — Change of Zone Application dated November 27, 2018) PERMITTING HISTORY OF PROPERTY 5. January 30, 1987: The State Land Use Commission reclassified about 44 acres from the Agricultural to Urban district. The reclassified area included the subject property and -2- nearby TMK 7-7-008:021, which is currently owned by the County of Hawai`i. The landowner at the time proposed to develop 310 single-family and multiple-family residential units in the 44-acre petition area. (P.D. Exhibit 4-LUC Docket A86-605) 6. December 7, 1994: The County Council rezoned about 44 acres, inclusive of the subject property, from Unplanned (U) and Resort-Hotel (V-1.25) to Multiple-Family Residential (RM-3.5) and Single-Family Residential (RS-7.5). The landowner at the time proposed to develop 310 single-family and multiple-family residential units in the 44-acre rezone area. (See Exhibit 4 in Application- Change of Zone Ordinance No. 94-124) 7. July 1, 2002: A portion of the property subject to Ord. No 94-124 was subdivided to create the Ali`i Parkway right-of-way located just west of the subject property. 8. July 12, 2012: A portion of the property subject to Ord. No 94-124 was subdivided for the La'aloa Avenue Extension, which opened in January 2015. 9. October 2014: The County of Hawai`i acquired Parcel 21, located west of the subject property and the Ali`i Parkway right-of-way. This property is subject to Ord. No. 94-124. The property was acquired using Public Access, Open Space and Natural Resources Preservation Commission(PONC) funds for public outdoor recreation and open space. The Department of Parks and Recreation manages PONC-acquired lands. 10. December 2015: The applicant applied to amend Ordinance No. 94-124 to delete Condition H, which prohibits the issuance of building pennits and/or final subdivision approval on parcels 120 and 124 until funding for the construction of the entire length of , Ali`i Highway has been committed. During this application process, the applicant prepared a traffic study that determined the property could not be built at its permitted density without having adverse impacts on the Ali`i Drive- La'aloa Avenue intersection. The applicant also became aware that water availability for the property changed since the original rezone was granted in 1994. After discussions with the Planning Department i regarding inconsistency of the current zoning with the Kona CDP and Zoning Code concurrency requirements, the applicant withdrew this application in November 2018. -3- STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 11. State Land Use District: Urban. 12. General Plan LUPAG Map Designation: Urban Expansion, which allows for a mix of high density, medium density, low density, industrial, industrial-commercial and/or open designations in areas where new settlements may be desirable, nut where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses have not been determined. 13. Current County Zoning: Single-Family Residential- 7,500 square feet (RS-7.5) and Multiple-Family Residential- 3,500 square feet (RM-3.5). 14. Kona Community Development Plan: The subject property falls within the Kona CDP Urban Area but is not situated within a Transit-Oriented Development(TOD). 15. Special Management Area (SMA): The property is located within the Special Management Area and therefore an SMA Permit will need to be issued by the Planning Commission before a future landowner can develop the property. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREA 16. Subject Property: The property is rectangular in shape and extends from the future Ali`i Parkway right-of-way on the western boundary to Kuakini Highway on the eastern boundary. The property is bisected by the La'aloa Avenue extension with Parcel 120 located makai of the extension and Parcel 124 located mauka of the extension. The topography slopes downward towards the west with an elevation change of about 350 feet. The property is currently vacant. 17. Surrounding Land Uses/Zoning: The property is surrounded by a mix of agricultural zoning (A-5a) to the north and residential uses and zoning(RS-15) to the south. The Ali`i Heights subdivision, consisting of single-family residential lots about 15,000 square feet in size, is located just south of Parcel 124. The Kuakini Heights subdivision is located east of the property above Kuakini Highway. This subdivision is zoned RS-10. The property immediately north of the property is zoned A-5a and vacant..The Ho`omalu on Ali`i subdivision, consisting of agricultural lots about 5 acres in size, is located further to the north. The County of Hawai`i owns two properties to the west and south of Parcel -4- 120 that are vacant. 18. Flood Zone: Zone X, an area determined by FEMA to be outside the 500-year flood plain. 19. Flora/Fauna Resources: No professional floral or faunal survey was conducted of the property because it has been used for cattle grazing in the past. A 2006 archaeological field survey identified Opiuma, kiawe, koa haole, grasses, scattered lantana, and panini cactus.No threatened or endangered flora was identified on the property and the applicant does not believe that rare or endangered faunal resources are likely to be found within the property. 20. Archaeological/Cultural/Historical Resources: Several professional archaeological and cultural studies have been conducted for the property and surrounding area over the years. The most recent study was an Archaeological Inventory Survey(AIS)prepared by Haun & Associates in April 2006 for a 42-acre area consisting of the subject parcels and Parcel 21 and 23 to the west. The study indicated the property is situated in the lower portion of the kula zone of the Kona Field System. There were 41 historic sites containing 1,058 features within the study area. The function of these features includes agricultural, permanent and temporary habitation, burials, livestock control, ceremonial, ranching, transportation and flood control. The study recommended preservation of 6 sites (6302, 6348, 6350, 6991, 6994, 24541), mitigation through data recovery for 21 sites, and no further work due to adequate documentation for 14 sites. Of the six sites recommended for preservation, two sites (Site 6302, the Kuakini Wall and Site 6350, a trail) are located on the subject property. In a letter dated May 22, 2006, the State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD) agreed with the survey's recommendations, thus a Data Recovery Plan and Preservation Plan will be prepared and implemented for the identified sites on the property. (P.D. Exhibit 5-April 2006 AIS and May 22, 2006 SHPD letter) 21. Public Access: There is a historic trail (Site 6350) that runs in a mauka-makai direction through the property and adjacent property to the west; however, there is no evidence this -5- • is a public access trail. 22. Traffic: The White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment prepared by SSFM on August 4, 2016 was completed for between 40 and 240 residential units. The assessment concluded that 43 single-family residential units was the maximum number possible for construction while still retaining acceptable level-of-service(LOS) operations at the Ali`i Drive/ La'aloa Avenue and Kuakini Highway/La'aloa Avenue intersections in-the year 2035 without the need for improvements at these intersections. (See Exhibit 5 in Application- White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment) UTILITIES AND SERVICES 23. Access: Access to the property will be from La'aloa Avenue, which is a two-lane paved County roadway with paved shoulders, and curb, gutter, sidewalks. There is also a raised median in the roadway, and therefore the Department of Public Works (DPW) recommends restricting the driveway access to right-in/right-out movements unless the median at the proposed access is removed by the developer. According to DPW, direct access to individual residential lots will not be allowed on La'aloa Avenue and the future Ali`i Highway. Additionally, the State Department of Transportation previously indicated that access to Kuakini Highway will not be allowed:DOT also recommends a traffic study be completed by a future developer and any recommended improvements are implemented at the Kuakini Highway-La'aloa Avenue intersection. 24. Water: County water is available to the property. According to the Department of Water Supply(DWS), a maximum of 50 units of water is available per existing lot of record, which was the original 44.376-acre parcel known as Parcel 21. This parcel has since been divided into three parcels (21, 120 and 124)by the Alii Highway and La'aloa Avenue extension. The DWS has divided the water units proportionally based on the land area of each parcel and detennined that 37 units of water can be made available to the subject property. Extensive improvements and additions to the County water system will be needed in order to provide additional water to the property. -6- 25. Wastewater: The County sewer system is located nearby in La'aloa Avenue. The County Department of Environmental Management recommends a sewer study be completed by a future developer to determine the extent of improvements needed to the County sewer system prior to future development of the property. 26. Solid Waste: There are no municipal waste collection services in the County. All solid waste generated by development of the property will require private disposal at a County transfer station or landfill. 27. Utilities and Services: All essential utilities and services are available to the property. Police, fire and medical services are available nearby in Kona and Kealakekua. AGENCY COMMENTS PROVIDED 28. Department of Water Supply: P.D. Exhibit 6-November 21, 2019 memo 29. Department of Public Works- Engineering Division: P.D. Exhibit 7-November 18, 2019 memo 30. Department of Environmental Management: P.D. Exhibit 8-November 4, 2019 memo 31. State Department of Health: P.D. Exhibit 9-November 27, 2019 memo 32. State Department of Transportation: P.D. Exhibit 10-December 2, 2019 letter AGENCIES -NO COMMENTS OR OBJECTIONS 33. Police Department. AGENCIES -NO RESPONSE 34. Department of Public Works-Traffic Division, Department of Parks and Recreation, Fire Department, Office of Housing and Community Development, Kona Traffic Safety Committee, Real Property Tax Office. PUBLIC COMMENTS 35. None as of the time of this writing. 1. -7- § 25-5-50 HAWAII COUNTY CODE Division 5.RA,Residential and Agricultural Districts. Section 25-5-50.Purpose and applicability. The RA(residential and agricultural) district provides for activities or uses characterized by low density residential lots in rural areas where"city-like" concentrations of people, structures, streets, and urban level of services are absent, and where small farms are intermixed with low density residential lots. The RA district is intended to be only within areas designated as being in the State land use rural or urban districts. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified and amended April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-51.Designation of RA districts. Each RA(residential and agricultural) district shall be designated on the zoning map by the symbol "RA"followed by a number and the lower case letter"a"which indicates the required or minimum number of acres for each building site.For example RA-1 a means a residential agricultural district with a minimum building site area of one acre. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-52.Permitted uses. (a) The following uses shall be permitted in the RA district: (1) Adult day care homes. (2) Agricultural products processing,minor, provided that the site or buildings used for such processing, shall be located at least seventy-five feet from any street bounding the building site. (3) Agricultural tourism as permitted under section 25-4-15. (4) Animal hospitals. (5) Aquaculture. (6) Botanical gardens, nurseries and greenhouses, seed farms,plant experimental stations, arboretums, floriculture, and similar uses dealing with the growing of plants. (7) Cemeteries and mausoleums, as permitted under chapter 6, article 1 of this Code. (8) Crop production. (9) Dwelling, single-family, one per building site. (10) Family child care homes. (11) Group living facilities. (12) Kennels,provided that the building site is a minimum of five acres in area and the structures are located at least one hundred feet away from any lot line. (13) Livestock production(excluding pigs),provided that: (A) The requirements of the department of health are met; (B) Approval of the director is obtained; and (C) Any feed or water area, salt lick, corral,run, barn, shed, stable,house,hutch, or other enclosure for the keeping of any permitted animal shall be located at least seventy-five feet from any lot line. (14) Parks,playgrounds,tennis courts, swimming pools, and other similar open area recreational facilities. (15) Public uses and structures, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (16) Roadside stands for the sale of agricultural products grown on the premises. (17) Stables, commercial or boarding,provided that the building site is a minimum of five acres in area and the structures are located at least one hundred feet away from any lot line. Punning Dept. Exhibit § 25-5-52 HAWAII COUNTY CODE (18) Utility substations, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (19) Veterinary establishments. (b) The following uses may be permitted in the RA district,provided that a use permit is issued for each use: (1) Golf courses and related golf course uses, including golf driving ranges, golf maintenance buildings and golf club houses,provided that the property is within the state land use urban or rural district. Golf courses and golf driving ranges shall not be permitted within the state land use agricultural district unless approved by the County before July 1, 2005. (2) Telecommunication antennas and towers. (c) The following uses may be permitted in the RA district,provided that if a building site is located within the State land use rural district,the following uses may be permitted if a special peiuiit is obtained for such use: (1) Bed and breakfast establishments, as permitted under section 25-4-7. (2) Community buildings, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (3) Country clubs,tennis clubs and other similar recreational facilities which include buildings or indoor recreational features. (4) Drive-in theaters. (5) Guest ranches. (6) Home occupations, as permitted under section 25-4-13. (7) Lodges. (8) Meeting facilities. (9) Model homes, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (10) Temporary real estate offices, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (11) Uses, other than those specifically listed in this section,which meet the standards for a special permit under chapter 205,Hawai`i Revised Statutes. (d) The following uses may be permitted in the RA district,provided that either a use permit is issued for each use if the building site is within the State land use urban district or a special permit is issued for each use if the building site is within the State land use rural district: (1) Bed and breakfast establishments, as permitted under section 25-4-7. (2) Crematoriums, funeral homes, funeral services, and mortuaries. (3) Churches, temples and synagogues. (4) Day care centers. (5) Hospitals, sanitariums, old age, convalescent, nursing and rest homes. (6) Major outdoor amusement and recreation facilities, includes stadiums, sports arenas, and other similar open air recreational uses. (7) Schools. (8) Yacht harbors and boating facilities. (e) Buildings and uses accessory to the uses permitted in this section shall also be permitted in the RA district. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999; Am. 2008, Ord.No. 08-155, sec. 11; Am. 2010, Ord.No. 10-17, sec. 4; Am. 2012, Ord.No. 12-28, sec. 7; Ord.No. 12-124, sec. 6; Am. 2014, Ord.No. 14-86, sec. 7.) Section 25-5-53.Height limit. The height limit in the RA district shall be thirty-five feet. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) § 25-5-54 HAWAI`I COUNTY CODE Section 25-5-54.Minimum building site area. The minimum building site area in the RA district shall be one-half acre.RA districts having larger areas maybe designated in increments of one-half acre up to a recommended maximum of three acres. The recommended maximum does not specify an absolute upper limit for any building site in the RA district. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-55.Minimum building site average width. Each building site in the RA district shall have a minimum average width of one hundred feet for the first one-half acre of required area,plus twenty feet for each additional one-half acre of required area; provided that no building site shall be required to have an average width greater than three hundred feet. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2;ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-56.Minimum yards. Minimum yards in the RA district shall be as follows: (1) Front and rear yards,twenty-five feet; and (2) Side yards, fifteen feet. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-57. Other regulations. (a) If any legal building site in the RA district has an area less than one-half acre,then the yard and height requirements for the building site shall be the same as the yard requirements for the RS district. (b) Plan approval shall be required prior to the construction or installation of any new structure or development, or of any addition to an existing structure or development which is used for minor agricultural products processing. (c) An ohana dwelling may be located on any building site in the RA district, as permitted under article 6, division 3 of this chapter. (d) Exceptions to the regulations for the RA district regarding heights,building site areas,building site average widths and yards,may be approved by the commission within a planned unit development pursuant to article 6, division 1,of this chapter. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2;ratified April 6, 1999; Am. 2015, Ord.No. 15-33, sec. 4.) § 25-5-1 HAWAII COUNTY CODE Division 1.RS, Single-Family Residential Districts. Section 25-5-1. Purpose and applicability. The RS (single-family residential) district provides for lower or low and medium density residential use, for urban and suburban family life. It applies to areas having facilities, and to carry out the above stated purpose. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-2. Designation of RS districts. Each RS (single-family residential) district shall be designated on the zoning map by the symbol RS followed b a number which specifies the required minimum buildingsite area in thousands of Y P q square feet. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-3. Permitted uses. (a) The following uses shall be permitted in the RS district: (1) Adult day care homes. (2) Cemeteries and mausoleums, as permitted under chapter 6, article 1 of this Code. (3) Community buildings, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (4) Crop production. (5) Dwellings, single-family. (6) Family child care homes. (7) Group living facilities. (8) Home occupations, as permitted under section 25-4-13. (9) Meeting facilities. (10) Model homes, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (11) Neighborhood parks,playgrounds, tennis courts, swimming pools, and similar neighborhood recreational areas and uses. (12) Public uses and structures, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (13) Short-term vacation rentals situated in the general plan resort and resort node areas. (14) Temporary real estate offices, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (15) Utility substations, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (b) In addition to those uses permitted under subsection(a) above,the following uses may be permitted in the RS district,provided that a use permit is issued for each use: (1) Bed and breakfast establishments as permitted under section 25-4-7. (2) Care homes. (3) Churches,temples and synagogues. (4) Crematoriums, funeral homes, funeral services, and mortuaries. (5) Day care centers. (6) Golf courses and related golf course uses, including golf driving ranges, golf maintenance buildings and golf club houses,provided that the property is within the state land use urban or rural district. Golf courses and golf driving ranges shall not be permitted within the state land use agricultural district unless approved by the County before July 1, 2005. (7) Hospitals, sanitariums, old age, convalescent,nursing and rest homes. (8) Schools. (9) - Telecommunication antennas and towers. (10) Yacht harbors and boating facilities. Planning Dept. Exhibit Z § 25-5-3 HAWAII COUNTY CODE (c)Buildings and uses normally considered directly accessory to the uses permitted in this section shall also be permitted in the RS district. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999; Am. 2012, Ord.No. 12-28, sec. 3; Am. 2014, Ord. No. 14-86, sec. 3; Am 2018, Ord No. 18-114, sec 5; Am 2019, Ord.No. 19-100, sec 3.) Section 25-5-4. Height limit. The height limit in the RS district shall be thirty-five feet. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-5. Minimum building site area. The minimum building site area in the RS district shall be seven thousand five hundred square feet. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-6. Minimum building site average width. Each building site in the RS district shall have a minimum average width of sixty feet,plus two feet for each five hundred square feet of required building site area in excess of seven thousand five hundred square feet, except that no building site shall be required to have an average width of more than one hundred fifty feet. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-7. Minimum yards. The minimum yards in the RS district shall be as follows: (1) On a building site with a required area of seven thousand five hundred square feet to and including nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine square feet: (A)Front and rear yards, fifteen feet; and (B) Side yards, eight feet. (2) On a building site with a required area of ten thousand square feet to and including nineteen thousand nine hundred ninety-nine square feet: (A)Front and rear yards,twenty feet; and (B) Side yards,ten feet. (3) On a building site with a required area of twenty thousand square feet or more: (A)Front and rear yards,twenty-five feet; and (B) Side yards, fifteen feet. (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2; Am. 1997, Ord.No. 97-88, sec. 1; Ord.No. 96-160,ratified and amended April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-8. Other regulations. (a) There may be more than one single-family dwelling on each building site in an RS district provided there is not less than the required minimum building site area for each dwelling. (b) One guest house,in addition to a single-family dwelling, may be located on any building site in the RS district. (c) An ohana dwelling may be located on any building site in the RS district, as permitted under article 6, division 3 of this chapter. § 25-5-8 HAWAI`I COUNTY CODE (d) If a legal building site in the RS district has less area or average width than is required, then the yard requirements for the building site shall be the same as in the RS district having the largest requirements for which the building site can comply. (e) Exceptions to the regulations for the RS district regarding heights,building site areas,building site average widths and yards,may be approved by the commission within a planned unit development, or by the director within a cluster plan development (1996, Ord.No. 96-160, sec. 2;ratified April 6, 1999; am 2015, ord. 15-33, sec 3.) CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT ---. o .3• CX1 BNP PARIBAS VPG BROOKLINE CRE, LLC Planning Dept. Exhibit, 3 CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION BNP PARIBAS VPG BROOKLINE CRE, LLC • INDEX 1. Change of Zone Application 2. Background and County Environmental Report 3. October 6, 1987 Application 4. Ordinance No. 94-124 5. Traffic Report dated 6. Department of Water Supply letter dated January 2, 2015 7. Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey dated December 16, 1985 8. Location Map 9. Metes and Bounds description 10. Survey Map 11. State of Hawaii Tax Clearance 12. Names, addresses and TMKs of owners of surrounding properties 0 w 1. CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION \' • • CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION f COUNTY OF HAWA11 PLANNING DEPARTMENT (Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE, LLC APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: 'V14'>1 Til. /,B /1.-17-1Y °'`�''�'� DATE. ADDRESS: IA�C,Z 'i IJuL�x� U, Q/rIcee2;A, ,'n71)/2c2�-5. 787 Seventh Ave, 28th Floor New York, NY 10020 LIST APPLICANTS INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: N/A LIST PRINCIPALO INS CLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Harry Nullet, Vice President PHONE: (212) 340-5569 LANDOWNER(S): BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE, LLC er LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): 4-1.1'*641-7 V P D ouf DATE; !f z f LANDOWNER(S)ADDRESS: 787 Seventh Ave., 28 aFloo NeyAe by w York, NY 10020 • REQUEST: RS 7.5 and RM 3.5 RA3aandRS20 (Existing zoning) TAX MAP KEY: 7-7-008-120 and 7-7-008-124 (Proposed Zoning) STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: None SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S)TO BE REZONED: approx. 30 acres AGENT: James Stubenberg. ADDRESS: P.O. Box 4527, Honolulu, HI 96812 TELEPHONE:(Bus.)(808)497-8701 (Fax) a 1 Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: James Stubenberg P.O. Box 4527 Honolulu, HI 96812 COPIES: Roger Harris 65-1227A Opelo Road, Ste. 1 Kamuela, HI 96743 p 0 l 2. BACKGROUND AND COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT q �f BACKGROUND AND COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT This Background and County Environmental Report is attached to the Change of Zone Application of BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE, LLC ("BNP"). SECTION A (Subject Request) The property consists of two (2) undeveloped parcels of land, one containing 10.352 acres (TMK 7-7-08-124) and one containing 19.597 acres (TMK 7-7-08- 120). The reason for the requested change of zone is to down zone the property from RS- 7.5 to RA-3a (Residential and Agricultural 3 acre minimum building site) for Parcel 124, and RS-7.5 and RM-3.5 to RS-20 (Single Family Residential 20,000 square foot minimum building site) for Parcel 120. The down zoning is due to the new concurrency requirements for roads and water in the Zoning Code and also road concurrency requirements in the Kona Community Development Plan, which was adopted in 2008. The requested down zoning is consistent with the recommendations of the landowners traffic study, which would reduce the traffic 615"? impacts on Ali'i Drive and to be consistent with the number of water units available to develop property (43). Specifically, BNP is requesting that parcel 124 be rezoned RA-3a and that parcel 120 be rezoned RS-20. In addition, BNP requests that the existing conditions in Ordinance 94-124 be eliminated and that any new condition requiring a final subdivision deadline be extended to 10 years from the date of the rezoning in order to provide for an orderly sale of the property by BNP and subsequent development by a new owner. The property's current zoning is derived from Ordinance No. 94-124 which was passed in 1994. The owner/developer caner/developer of the property at that time had intended to construct a condominium on the makai portion and single-family residences on the mauka portion. Nothing was ever built on the property. BNP acquired the mortgage loan on the property as a result of a much larger workout involving a European lender and an American lender. BNP was not the original lender on the property and has never had any dealings with the prior owner/developer. The prior owner/developer defaulted on the mortgage loan and the property was C acquired by BNP by way of foreclosure in the United States Federal District Court. 0 BNP is a bank and is not a developer and has absolutely no intention of developing the property. BNP's only intention is to sell the property in order to recover on its loan loss. BNP has already sold the makai portion of the property to the County of Hawaii in order to enlarge the White Sands County Park. BNP has also, by way of a friendly condemnation, sold the County the roadway for the Laaloa Street extension. The Traffic Study is attached hereto under Tab 5 and the letter from the Department of Water Supply dated January 2, 2015 is attached hereto under Tab 6. SECTION B (Conformance with State/County Plans) The State Land Use Designation is Urban and the General Plan LUPA G Map Designation is Urban Expansion which allows a mix of single-family and multi- family residences, and commercial and light industrial uses. The property is in the SMA so any future owners will need to secure an SMA _ permit from the Leeward Planning Commission. SECTION CPh sical characteristics and environmental setting Y of the property and surrounding area), SECTION D (Public Facilities and Services) and SECTION E (Environmental Assessment and Analysis) There have been no changes to the property in the intervening years since the original owner/developer requested the rezoning of the property that resulted in the passage of Ordinance No. 94-124. Accordingly, attached is a copy of the rezoning application and background material which was submitted for that purpose in 1987 and which adequately describes the physical characteristics and environmental setting of the property. 0 C 3. OCTOBER 6, 1987 APPLICATION 9 SIDNEY FUKE planning Consultant \ 100 Pauahi Street,Suite 212 ii Hilo,Hawaii 96720 r Telephone:(808)969-1522 01 n-, ' ! 7' 1 October 6, 1987 Mr.. Albert Lono Lyman County Planning Director 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Dear Mr. Lyman: RE: Rezoning Application Keauhou Investment Company and • Kona Coast Properties, Ltd. TMK: 7-7-06: 21 & 23 Please find attached a rezoning application for your review hto a ld singl - iyand multipleifamilyresidentialdeveopment near Magic Sands Beach in North Kona, Hawaii. As you area aware, this matter was recently reclassified into the Urban district record ine ate support of Use Commission. Your Department we A SMA permit is still required development, request, and it could be processed together with the rezoning However, the applicants have elected to submit the SMA application at a later date. They are exploring alternative design schemes, while still holding to the broad land use concept expressed in this petition. Conceivably, the SMA application could be submitted within a few months; and thereby coinciding with the rezoning hearing. Also attached are the rezoning filing fee, one copy nof the questionnaire, and sixteen sets of the application report . As I have been retained by the applicants to assist them with the processing of this application, I would appreciate your directing all questions and correspondences on this matter to me, with a copy to Mr. T. David Woo, Suite 801 , Melim Building, 333 Queen Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 . Thank you very much. S cerely, S A.‘kei Planning Consultant encl. cc Paul Dumas APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE • COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT Q ", - n Keauhou Investment Ccr�pan nP ..oa Pr. ' t 'es, Ltd. APPLICANT: ;G-1-1A.Rii---- —.7- 7(..L...1c> tJ1APPLICANT'S ADDRESS: Suite 801 , Melim Building 333 Q1iepn Strpet , Honolulu 9681 TELEPHONE: 531-6000 Unplanned and Resort (V-1._O} 25) RM-3. 5 and RS-7 . 5 REQUEST FROM: TAX MAP KEY: 7-7-08: 21 and 23 AREA OF PROPERTY: 44+ a - a(sizoe spwtce e) OWNER: Keauhou Investment Co any And Kc In Pro ert 'es , Ltd. OWNER'S S IGNATURE: CI21 .‘2 APPLICANT'S INTEREST, IF NOT OWNER: IIS .lessee, mw.t be lion. at £east ano.then. 5 yeas 6twm date og appLLaat-Lon) 0 APPLICANT'S REASONS FOR REQUESTING A CHANGE OF ZONE Meade attach) 1 . Please explain how the requested change of zone would be consistent with the goals, policies, and courses of action (L appticab!e) of the General Plan document. Also, please indicate specifically which goals, policies, and courses of action are involved. (Cops. 2 o4 the Gene/at. P&tn document ate ava iea.bLe at public l i..bna its and at .the. Hawaii County RQarming DepaAtment. ) 2. Please state any other reasons for your request. THIS APPLICATION MUST BE ACCOMPANIED BY: e • ( 1 ) 16 copies of the completed application form. (2) 16 copies of a location map. (3) 16 copies of a site plan with existing and proposed _uses (e.g. , structures, topography, proposed subdivision) . (4) 1 copy of appropriate questionnaire. (5) any additional information. (6) $100.00 processing fee. (7) One (1) copy of full-size site plan drawn to scale. Site plan should include property lines, reference points (roadways, shoreline, etc.), and existing and proposed structures and uses. Site plan shall be (11) 2 feet by 3 feet, in size at a minimum. • P.D. 2 5/84 ..‹.• I. - , ... . , ) . . ATTACHMENT , y Commercial, RM, Resort, & Industrial ., PLANNING DEPARTMENT ' . . COUNTY OF HAWAII • . . APPLICATION FOR CHANGE OF ZONE , . 1 1. .If your request is approved, do you intend to suodivioe the subject land in accordance with the approved change . of zone? . yes • . . . . . . , . . , If res_, please answer the rest of question 1 and then to • question 3. . . a. How many acres of the requested area do you intend to subdivide? 16— . , . b. Into what lot sizes? . 6-141E) .sq ft . C. If your request is approved, approximately how long after the date of approval do you expect to suomit your subdivision plans to the Planning Department immediately ) for preliminary approval? .-_-_- If you intend to subdivide, please submit a preliminary schematic suodivision plan together with your change of . zone application form. 2. If you nave no firm plans of suodividing the subject area, do you intend to: • a. 'Sell or lease the land to someone wno has firm * • S . plans? S S S / . —_. b. Sell or lease the land to someone who has tentative / plans? 4 -.----- 1 c. Sell or lease the land to someone wno has no plans? d. Keep it? • . . — e. Other (please state) 0 i . 1 __J ° f. If you intend to do either a, o, or c, please elaborate C7) on the kind of plans the other party nas. Please, also, include in your answer approximately w soon after • approval of your rezoningdoyouexpectto transfer the t subject t land to another party. y= . • 3. 'what specific building plans do you have forof building land? Include in your answer the following: type . (apartment;: office, launderette, etc.); financing arrangement; timetable for construction; and any other information which you feel might help us in evaluating your request. Multiple family residential project with-recreational .amenitles. Please refer to attached report for more information. • • (!) q. Have you performed any study whicn would demonstrate a need for your proposed building and/or development? yes If so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided oelow. • Please fefer to attached report and the market study done by The Hallstrom_ Group far the petitioner in conjunction with the Land Use Boundary amendment application. (11 -2- •. r) ' r (--2) • 5. - Have you performed any study which discusses tne environmental impacts your roquest would nave on tne ,urroundinq area and/or the County? yes If so, please elaborate on your findings in the space provided below. . Please refer to attached report, as well as the . technical studies done for the petitioner' s State Land Use boundary application. • • 6., Are there any buildings On the suoject area? no If so • , what kind? • (2) . . What co you intend to do .with those buildings. if your . request is approved? 7. Is the suoject land currently being used for any . agricultural activitity? yes If so, please list the kinds of products grown ana on how many sc..iare feet or acres of land per product. • limited grazing'. 0 • - . -3- . 8. To your knowledge‘ has there been any flooding and/Or drainage problem on the subject area? r1.0 If so, please describe the problem. 9. Do you think that the roads leading to the subject area needs improvement? . no If so, what kind? • Is the road adequate for the proposed traffic volume or load? ye_s 10. -What sort of governmental assistance and/Or' improvements do you feel will be needed in the subject area when develOped? yes No x• a. Schools b. Roads • c. Sewer , • d. Drainage • e. Police Protection f. Fire Protection g. Recreational Facilities h. Public Utilities i. Other -4- i - .. . 0., . ,.., . •• IL) • (-- For those checked "yes," please elaborate what type or kinds of improvements and/or assistance are needed. , . 11. Have you performed any historic sites study and/or survey of tne subject area? if so, what were the results? Please, also, submit a copy of the study together with this change of zone supplement. Yes; Please refer to accompanying report. (/-::;-: //// • G 2 . / Signature: ' Address: SEIte8011aBicig, 333 Queen St. Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Telephone: ___.------- , , 531-6000 .Date: ------- April 10, 1987 • n . , -5- 41- Raina • r_) .. Thp --,, Counts Zoning UThe County zoning is "Unplanned" . The makai portion of 1 parcel 21 , consisting of 600+ square feet , and parcel 23 , consisting of . 150 acres , are zoned resort (V-1 . 25) . To effectuate the proposed development, the following rezoning requests are made : a. Unplanned to RR-3.5 26.0+ acres b . Unplanned to RS-7.5 10.0+ acres c . Resort (V-1.25) to 161-3.5 s .1637+ acres 44.0+ acres * .0137 ac. + .150 ac. It should be noted that the requested RM-3 . 5 zone includes at least 7+ acres for the proposed Alii Highway. Kona Re&ional Plan The Kona Regional Plan serves as a guide to developments in the area . The Plan ' s Land Use Concept designates the Project site "Res-4" mauka of the Alii Drive Realignment and "Res-6" makai of the Alii Drive Realignment. These designations allow residential densities in units per net acre . Stecial Mana&ement Area The project site falls within the Special Management Area (SMA) boundaries established by the County of Hawaii pursuant to Act 176 , SLH 1975 . A SMA Use Permit is being applied for from the County Planning Commission in conjunction with this rezoning reque-st . Shoreline Setback The project site lies mauka of the 40-foot shoreline setback line . As such , the project would not require any shoreline setback variance . Cluster Plan Development A Cluster Plan Development (CPD) permit will be applied for after and if the zoning and SMA applications are favorable . It will be done at the time of subdivision review . The CPD is needed to accommodate the lots being less than 7 , 500 square feet but falling within the RS-7 . 5 density. 6 l 7m MlIVIRONMER4mL CORSIDERA 'IO} S J Property Description Both parcels abut Alii Drive. Since only a portion of the larger parcel (TMK: 7-7-08 : 21 ) touches Alii Drive, the smaller parcel (TMK: 7-7-08 : 23) will be used principally to allow for a wider access to the proposed development . The larger parcel is shaped like a flag-lot with the narrow pole abutting Alii Drive . These parcels are vacant of any structures . The larger parcel has been used intermittently for cattle grazing. No active agricultural activities have occurred on the subject , property in recent times . Site Characteristics The subject property rises from the 20 to the 480 foot elevation . It is approximately 4 , 600 feet long, with a frontage of 525 feet along Kuakini Highway and about 50+ feet along Alii Drive . The average slope is about 10 percent . The terrain is extremely rocky with a surface level of weathered A' a lava . According to the U. S . Department of Agricultural Soil Survey maps , the subject properties are classified as being comprised of type "rKED" and "rPYD" . The "rKED" series , which is of the Kaimu Series and characterized by extremely stony peat , is found over the lower half of the property . The Punalu' u series ( "rPYD" ) , which is extremely rocky peat , is found more on the mauka side of the property. Climate The climate in the Kona area is generally warm and semi- tropical , characteristic of the leeward coastal regions of island ecosystems . Seasonal changes are mild and fairly uniform, except for infrequent convective "Kona Storms" during the winter months . J The average temperature varies between 70 and 76 degrees Fahrenheit with a maximum of 80 degrees Fahrenheit for the summer period, May through September , and a minimum of 54 degrees Fahrenheit for the winter period , October through April . The range of daily temperature change is 10 to 18 degrees Fahrenheit . The annual rainfall in the vicinity of the project site is about 40 to 50 inches . More than 50 percent of the rainfall usually occurs during the 5-month period between May and September . , Mountain masses intercept trade winds , and the temperature differentials between the land and offshore /'''\ waters during the summer generate moderate onshore breeze 7 which result in cloudiness and showers of higher intensity during this period . Northeasterly trade winds with an average velocity of 15 miles per hour generally prevail over the Hawaiian chain. Along the Kona coast , winds are predominantly from the southwesterly quadrant due to the influence on the northeasterly trades by the adjacent land masses of Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa , and Hualalai mountains . Drainage/Tsunami Hazard The site consists of extremely porous lava and is well drained . There are no streambeds in the area. On the makai end (Alii Drive section) of the parcel , portions of the property are susceptible to flooding and tsunami inundation. The proposed project site is situated on a ridge above the Kaumalumalu Drainageway . There are no existing drainage improvements on the site . Very little runoff is currently generated , with most of the rainfall percolating into the ground. During intense rain storms , runoff flows overland into the Kaumalumalu Drainageway to the north and a smaller, less defined drainageway to the south . The lower portion of the site falls within the fringes of the 100-year and 500- year flood hazard area . The lower area is classified as Zone A which implies a e.) 100-year flood in which base flood elevations and flood hazard factor have not been determined. The 100-year tsunami inundation area is classified as Zone A4 . This classification does not have base flood elevations and flood factors have not been determined . The A4 designation implies the flood elevation is 2 feet higher than the 10-year base flood elevation . The remainder of the site is designated Zone C , areas of minimal flooding. The proposed project will be engineeringly designed to change any watercourses . The existing surface runoff would be maintained as much as possible . Drywell-type inlets and catchbasin would be used to capture and/or absorb the collected runoff . Development in the flood hazard area will conform to the flood hazard requirements of the Hawaii County Code . Existing, Roads The project site is bounded by Kuakini Highway to the east and Alii Drive to the west . Kuakini Highway, a two-lane State highway , connects Kailua to Mamalahoa Highway leading to South Kona . Alii Drive , a two-lane roadway, runs along the coast, connecting the two facilities south of the project site near Keauhou . 8 17:5 4110L--, • The County is currently proposing the addition of a ( ")third north-south route bisecting the project site at --/ approximately the makai third of the property. The proposed Alii Highway would be in a two-lane facility with its northern terminus at Kuakini Highway in the vicinity of Hualalai Road and its southern terminus at Alii Drive near the Keauhou Shopping Center . Alii Highway is expected to be completed within the next four years , relieving congestion on Kuakini Highway and Alii Drive . Water The project site is located in Hydrographic Area IV within the limits of the County North Kona system . The North Kona system is supplied by four wells and a shaft at Kahaluu . Water is pumped up from the Kahaluu wells to Mamalahoa Highway feeding the upper service zone and is transported by gravity from the Kahaluu reservoirs to the lower service zone . Water is transported by 24- and 20-inch mains along Kuakini Highway to the Keahole-Kailua area . Water is delivered by 12- and 8-inch mains , also located along Kuakini Highway, to the Keauhou area as well as servicing the areas between Kuakini Highway and Alii Drive . Additional 8- and 4-inch mains are located along Alii Drive . There should be no adverse impact to the area ' s overall water system. A preliminary commitment for the proposed __ density (310) has already been secured , and the applicant intends to enter into Phase II of the Water Agreement . Such a participation would assure a firm water commitment . Furthermore , on- and off-site improvements will be done in accordance with the County Department of Water Supply' s Rules and Regulations . Compliance with those regulations should minimize and/or avoid any temporary water pressure loss to existing water users during the construction phase of this project . Sewer The project site is presently not serviced by the County ' s municipal wastewater system. A collection system to serve this area is currently under design ; however, implementation of the proposed system is not expected to occur within the next ten years . It should be noted that the project site falls below the "no pass" zone on the State Department of Health ' s Underground Injection Control maps . As such, underground disposal of water would be possible . The consultant ' s study done in conjunction with the Land Use Commission petition concluded that no adverse impact to the coastal waters is anticipated by the use of cesspools for 0 , `I 9 . ,. 41k, .,.._, fk-2. ,this project . Furthermore , these cesspools as well as the treatment plant would be constructed in accordance with the 'State and County regulations governing wastewater disposal . Electrical and TeltRhone A new substation located north of the project site has recently been constructed providing power for the area . Preliminary discussions with the Hawaii Electric Light Company engineers have indicated that sufficient power will be available for this project . Distribution lines of 12 . 47 kv are located along Alii Drive and Kuakini Highway, providing points of connection on both ends . Flora and Fauna The site is heavily overgrown on the makai end with typical Kona lowland vegetation consisting of lantana , haole koa shrubs and pasture grasses . These are essentially non- native species . Kiawe trees of 25 to 35 feet in height are found on the lower section of the property while vegetative cover on the upper slopes are more sparse with less trees and undergrowth . Fauna in the project area is again characteristic to 0 that of the Kona region. There are no rare or endemic mor ecosystems in the area. All of the animal life (mongoose , rats , etc . ) are introduced species . Historic and Archaeological Sites. Several archaeological reconnaissance surveys have been conducted over the project area. The first was done in 1973 by Archaeological Research Center Hawaii , Inc . (ARCH) for the Alii Drive Realignment Project . That survey generally covered a 300 foot corridor at approximately the 100 foot elevation and resulted in the documentation of eight sites and 22-plus component features . According to the survey evaluations , the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor contained an unusually large number of sites which warranted subsequent mitigation efforts . A subsequent survey was conducted over the entire site ARCH and Chiniago , Inc , in 1980 , and more recently, by by g Paul H. Rosendahl , Ph . D . , Inc . in November 1985 . According to Rosendahl ' s survey results , a total of 44 sites were identified within the parcel . Of these sites , 21 had been previously recorded and 23 were newly identified . The property is situated entirely within the Kona Field System , a very large complex of Hawaiian dryland cultivation i 10 41 •• 0 • }CI • , and habitation features . Many of the features included % walled shelters and enclosures , terraces , platforms , boundary walls , trails , and similar habitation and ranching components . An heiau and habitation complexes at the lower elevations were the most significant features documented during this latest reconnaissance survey. Based on the finding of this survey , 42 of the sites require further intensive archaeological work, but only that portion of the Great Wall of Kuakini crossing the property and an heiau site on the makai end of the property are worthy of preservation . The balance of the sites have preliminarily been determined as non-essential for preservation . It should be noted that that portion of the Great Wall of Kuakini that is within the subject property falls within the proposed Alii Highway corridor . Furthermore , in compliance with the Land Use Commission conditions , a preservation and data recovery plan is now being prepared and will be submitted to the County very shortly. Police Protection The Hawaii County Police department maintains its district office in Captain Cook, South Kona . It also has a le, satellite office in Kailua-Kona. A new police station, which will serve as the district ' s new headquarters , is being planned for near Kailua . This site is situated about one mile north of Kailua , along and mauka of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway near the Honokohau Boat Harbor . The subject property is situated approximately 4 and 10 miles respectively from Kailua and Captain Cook. It is within the geographic and actual service limits of those facilities . Fire Protection There are two fire stations in the Kona Districts . One is situated in Kailua , approximately 4 miles away from the subject property. The other is located in Captain Cook, approximately 3 miles away from the subject site . <ELATIO S !P TO SBA OBJECTIVES The proposed development is consistent with the County General Plan and the proposed zoning designations of Single- Family Residential (RS-7 . 5) and Multiple-Family Residential (RM-3 . 5 ) , as well as other applicable ordinances . The General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) map designates the bulk of this area for Alternate Urban Expansion uses and the makai end for resort uses . C The 11 . , . . (7) ri (1-„/', Alternate Urban Expansion refers to lands which could have urban uses on them when: * Designated urban areas become largely developed; or * Designated urban areas develop too slowly; or . * Developers propose to develop marginally acceptable areas and extend their own infrastructure ; or * The potential for urbanization exists via non- conforming subdivisions ; or * New non-contiguous urban clusters may be desirable ; or * The urban form of an area has not yet been established. In this situation , the subject property is agriculturally marginal , and the applicant will be providing the necessary infrastructure to service the project . Furthermore , there is a growing market for housing, and this area could help address that demand . Then, too , the proposed development will comply with the applicable County development codes relative to height , IF parking, setbacks , and so forth . This project is not anticipated to generate any substantial adverse environmental or ecological effects . The subject property does not have a history of providing a unique habitat for any rare or endangered plant or animal life . While there are some historical sites on the subject. area, those worthy of preservation will be protected and integrated into the development . The others will be salvaged and recorded . As such , this development will minimize any potentially adverse impact to the area' s historical resources . As this project does not abut the shoreline , it should not have any direct adverse impact on shoreline recreational opportunities . No mauka-makai or lateral coastal access will be affected by this project . Although the project will result in some changes to the area' s visual environment , the scenic vistas of the ocean and coastal areas will still be retained. The major coastal view plane that may be affected would occur from Kuakini Highway . However , the sloping topography of the property, the placement of the multiple-family units on the makai end of the property, and the design of these units (several modules 0 12 (7) MP (2 versus a few large structures) should not significantly =' interrupt the existing coastal vistas from the Highway . The nearshore coastal environment should not be directly affected by this project , as this project is not physically contiguous to the shoreline . A private sewage treatment system meeting with State or County standards will be used for the multiple and possibly single family areas . That , combined with the distance of this project relative to the shoreline , should help to minimize any potential impact to the coastal ecosystem in the area . Grading and grubbing activities will be done in a manner consistent with County Codes and requirements . The project is expected to have some positive th eoeeconomic impact to the area and region by providing m and some limited long-term employment in the construction and visitor industries . At the same time , the project will not involve the removal of any on-going and/or active economic use of the property . Finally , the property is not situated with the Tsunami While zone as noted on the Federal Flood Insurance Rate map . a portion of the makai end of the property is located within the flood hazard area, there will be appropriate mitigative 0 measures taken to allow the use of that portion of the will be property . These measures , as required by the County, taken prior to or in conjunction with the development of the project . BMWS PI - I ZOWIEG tEQUEST Conformity to General Pian. As noted earlier , the bulk of the subject property is designated Alternate .Urban Expansion while the lower end is designated Resort , onAsthe uchr General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide map . the requested rezonings would not be inherentlyin conflict with the General Plan map . The pertinent goals and policies of the General Plan document note the following: Goals "To provide for multiple-residential developments that maximize convenience for its occupants . " p . 90 "To maximize choices of single-family residential lots and/or housing for residents of the County . " p . 98 "To ensure compatible uses within and adjacent to �� single-family residential zoned areas . " p . 98 13 ' Policies ' "Zone urban-type uses in areas with ease of access to community services and employment centers and with adequate public utilities and facilities . " p . 77 "Appropriately zoned lands shall be allocated as the demand for multiple residential dwellings increases . These areas shall be allocated with respect to places of employment , shopping facilities , educational . recreational , and cultural facilities , and public facilities and utilities . " p . 90 Based on the above , there appears to be several threads of policies . These relate to locational considerations (ie . , being close to existing communities or within serviceable limits) ; adequacy of infrastructure ; and demand. In this particular situation, the subject area is within close proximity of existing urban developments and major places of employment . The resort communities of Keauhou and Kailua Village are within 3 miles of the subject property. Furthermore , this is an area that is bounded essentially by existing. residential and commercial uses . The development of this property , hence , would be continuing the existing C;) urbanizing pattern of this area. Additionally, there are no significant infrastructural problems associated with this project . Access is available via either the Kua'kini Highway or Alii Drive . Water and other utilities are also equally and readily available . Then, too , the demand for this type of development has been documented in the economist' s report which accompanied the applicant' s State Land Use Boundary amendment application . The multiple-family units can serve both the local and visitor market . In a sense , it would be no different than the existing condominiums in the general area. The single-family lots 'would also provide alternative areas of residences for the local community as well . Collectively , then , this project would fulfill both the goals and policies of the General Plan relating to housing and resort . It should be noted that there was a low-moderate income housing requirement imposed by the State Land Use Commission for this project . The applicant intends to work together with the State and/or County to satisfy this requirement . In fulfilling this requirement , this project will also address the housing needs for West Hawaii . Relationship to the Kona Regional Plan. The Kona Regional Plan serves as a guide in implementing the General Plan . It was adopted by the Planning Commission on April 10 , 1984 . 14 ec" ) 0 The Plan suggests that the area mauka of the proposed Alii Highway be designated "Res-4" and "Res-6" below it . These designations suggest a residential density of 4 units per acre and 6 units per acre , respectively . The varying densities suggest a visitor-oriented market on the makai end and a residential-oriented market on the mauka side . These designations are not totally inconsistent with the requested rezonings of this project . The concept has been retained and reflected in this proposed development . The only variation , if at all , is this project ' s emphasis of fostering a greater integration of the mauka and makai areas . It should be noted that based upon the projected 310 units , this project would approach an overall average density of 1 unit per 6 , 200+ square feet , As inclusive ofthe area to be set aside for the Alii Highway . wouldbe suggested in generally consistent with the density guidelines, itit the Kona Regional Plan . Compatibility miith Surrounding Area. As noted previously , this area is in close proximity to multiple- family and resort-related uses . Those uses are all within a 200 foot radius of the subject area . The proposed development is thus not a unique one for this area . It0 of appears to be more of an extension of the existing pattern urban uses for this area . As such, the requested rezonings would be compatible and consistent with the surrounding area . It is of a size and scale that would be in keeping with the character of this area . Ifo Added Infrastructural Burdens. All utilities are or will be made available to this development . There is adequate water commitment to support the project (310 units of commitment) . Telephone and electrical services are also readily available . A private sewage treatment plant will be constructed on the subject -property to service the multiple-family and possibly the single-family residential developments . If and when the County ' s system comes to this area, the plan is to abandon private the syste m and hook up to the County ' s system . There are accesses to the property from both the Kuakini Highway and Alii Drive . As may be required by either the State or County, appropriate entry improvements will be constructed to mitigate any potentially adverse traffic impacts . Finally , there are no limiting flooding problems associated with this property that would generate a need for extraordinary governmental support in the future . 15 Do On-Site Development Issues_ There are no known rare or endangered plant or animal life on the subject property . While there are some historical sites on the property, the two worthy of preservation (as determined by the consulting archaeologist and confirmed by the State and County) will be preserved and integrated into the project . The others will be salvaged and recorded in accordance with a preservation and data recovery plan. Furthermore , there are no limiting drainage problems on the site that could not otherwise be handled through compliance with the County ' s ordinances or rules governing drainage . 16 ., �:.�a_r �a�.�.=¢.M,�:,,�.�. 4.„,-�.,r'.r ..... _ �;� �,.. •.,...,.s., .��..aa .� .,�^: a�.�•:. u. _.f,a� a. .,� ,� ry�.d ..�;;�:.�„n _>� ,:� .x« ..,,,.,�x.x,. w.. . g O. Q jj N :-"-----7° J • P t'•\)7.+ old kona airportIIP ,..........,..,-A 4,4, , kailua,ba 44,41 7 •0 \I'll.. .. Y o 0 ,p • cc z.. QCT,• holualoa . w i. village . a4kn -0V'i p D • 0 r r. c0 - O 1 �i = \ 1.--- / n • G holualoa y • — bay _ s * 1 PROJECT ' LOCATION ' Ilf,�' . , .. . . . ... .----7-- : , : • . . ,,A„io o-. kohaluu • bay : : ..r Q • keouhou 2VICINITY MAP bay 0 }i0 O.., SOURCE PLANNING DEPARTMENT • a COUNTY OF HAWAII • \l � FIGURE 1 MAY 1986 (----) . lul! , , • (---) 6 • . • . . _ • . . • . .......... .0,4.. ...,- • .17:4 ......11st°19IMI'f."`IF-,•••-••••-.... .., . . „,,,, SE RU . up„Jo FAMIL"..4:Uta:..6,w,1/4,4 , ilk_ .3 TYPICAL CTION THRU MULTI FAY MIL ---- 92 IALL0,17100FAMLY UNITS' I ..- \ \ "4. ttc.1,,1 If itir fe,s"?..,-.30 /1„i 41, 3, 79 SINGLE FAWN UNITS if \ 1111'11..c.:1. riA4o4 4,.' i.f,ist• .11 /to:',44.1 ,,,,/' t,4., ,„.. *.....41,14 ,4.......c 4, ,. to • re 4,;,••1 .%.,.. Ow... -,.............. '.-14• ,--5,Irk-i 411kt, 5:;,42; PI" \,f.,..11. '.9. l'1164" ."'"'.- 9 ako. I/ \ k'...4''t%•••.. .\\ ,..........I 'fi,‘ 4 'V .. ,A .4 ,,,,,,_,T.t •Ar . 1.06L. No. o. ..._..OW , . I .... .. o „.,., "-"..., ' ‘...tCt.. Alliol.,111.1101111114 4 Ike% ,;‹,e.'IrPvtilit ' - -11 ip-- ail F2-Ti•upw 4 AL 1 \ i 14 Nill t \ wil#Aw7wro ni ....i..th,e....4w,.cL.A. 1''..t 1 ,.:•!, 'OA.NIMINkliall .k.\VA. MI it—TriMella .. A '44' •‘•t0%."1"' Ilire:1:" 1;,N.74.. ,,,i,i I ft, \...,, *11,-,, . \ - .... 43,--A, ie.,,,, Al \---.....,A •*.. ,ii- itgo . mow% sio lava atm = are il is \_.) \eg 11 \ • .1-7—. 7—AN, KONA 44 DENSiTY ANALYSIS I TOTAL • ( ) .... ....... NV.. VIVO DIKVIlell Wm. WO ROWS.11.“45 .r..m.-+ .... 1 • • • 1 • I ... 4. ORDINANCE NO. 94-124 ) COUNTY OF . A A: s.='- `ATE OF HAWAII l : o • .'r BILL NO. 68 (Draft 5) ORDINANCE NO. 94 124 AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTION 25-87 (NORTH KONA ZONE MAP) AND SECTION 25-90 (KAILUA-HONALO ZONE MAP, ARTICLE 3, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING CODE) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE, BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM UNPLANNED (U) TO MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL (RM-3 . 5) AND SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL (RS-7. 5) AND FROM RESORT-HOTEL (V-1.25) TO MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL (RM-3 .5) AT PAHOEHOE 2ND, NORTH KONA, HAWAII, COVERED BY TAX MAP KEY 7-7-08:21 & 23. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Section 25-87, Article 3, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawaii County Code, is amended to change the district classification of properties described hereinafter as follows: The district classification of the following area situated at Pahoehoe 2nd, North Kona, Hawaii, shall be Single Family Residential (RS-7.5) : Parcel 1 Beginning at the southeast corner of this parcel of land and on the west side of Kuakini Highway, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAHELO" being 8596.13 feet South and 9142. 16 feet East and running by azimuths measured • clockwise from True South: 1. 83° 57' 58.58 feet along the middle of a stonewall along Grant 1751 to Kahanele; thence along the middle of a stonewall along Grant 1751 to Kahanele for the next seventeen (17) courses: 2. 63° 50 ° 56.40 feet ; 3. 71° 58 ° 30" 173.83 feet; 4. 77° 38° 79 .30 feet; 5. 84° 38 ' 37. 70 feet; 6 . 74° 04 ° 93 . 65 feet; 7. 64° 27' 92.32 feet; 8 . 72° 59 ' 30" 140.80 feet; 9 . 80° 38 ' 84 . 16 feet; 10. 74° 37' 50. 54 feet; 11 . 89° 42' 55 . 17 feet; 12. 86° 47' 49 . 08 feet; 13 . 72° 53° 73 . 65 feet; 14 . 67° 20° 30'° 91. 97 feet; 15 . 72° 31° 10" 86.87 feet; 16 . 83° 06' 10" 124. 62 feet; 17. 81° 50' 40" 248 . 82 feet; 18 . 79° 33 ° 30°' 49 .85 feet; 19 . 171° 30° 25" 453 . 64 feet along the remainder of R.P. 1668, L.C. AW. 8520-B, Apana 3 to Gini Lahilahi; thence along the middle of a stonewall along Grant 2033 to Haleluhi for the next five (5) courses: 20. 261° 30 ' 25°° 280.40 feet; 21. 258° 03 ' 25°° 435.49 feet; 22. 255° 56 ' 35" 713 . 56 feet; 23 . 254° 27 ° 48.91 feet; 24 . 260° 55 ' 30°' 34.38 feet to the west side of Kuakini Highway; -2- Thence, following along the west side of Kuakini Highway on a curve to the right having a radius of 5679.58 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 25 . 334° 54 ' 19" 140.76 feet; 26. 245° 36 ' 55" 10.00 feet; Thence, following along the west side of Kuakini Highway on a curve to the right having a radius of 5689 . 58 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 27. 337° 03 ° 33" 286. 73 feet to the point of beginning and containing an area of 16. 119 Acres . (Refer to Parcel 1 as shown on Exhibit "A") . The district classification of the following area situated at Pahoehoe 2nd, North Kona, Hawaii, shall be Multiple Family Residential (RM-3.5) : Parcel 2 Beginning at the southeast corner of this parcel of land and on the north side of Grant 1751 to Kahanele the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAHELO" being 8980.83 feet South and 7551. 90 feet East and running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: Following along the middle of stonewall along Grant 1751 to Kahanele for the next eight (8) courses: 1. 79° 33 ' 30" 84. 64 feet; 2 . 72° 38 ' 30" 125 . 69 feet; 3. 85° 41' 30" 184 . 13 feet; 4. 68° 22 ° 30" 85.06 feet; -3- (1'J 5. 90° 00 ' 48.31 feet; 6. 83° 09 ' 30°° 280. 19 feet; 7. 83° 07 ° 30" 154.83 feet; 8. 93 53 ' 563 .29 feet; thence following along the middle of a stonewall along Grant 1927 to Kipapa for the next five (5) courses: 9 . 91° 17° 40" 192.65 feet; 10. 96° 47' 30" 102.47 feet; 11, 83° 29 ' 30" 206.38 feet; 12. 81° 54 ' 30" 295.25 feet; 13 . 85° 20 ' 327.43 feet; thence following along the middle of a stonewall along Land Court Application 1688 for the next five (5) courses: 14 , 163° 07 ' 34.59 feet; 15 . 169° 17 ' 88.72 feet; 16. 89° 41' 39 . 07 feet; 17. 105° 36' 30" 31.05 feet; 18 . 93° 54 ' 52.25 feet; 19 . 152° 29 ' 74. 14 feet along Land Court Application 1688; 20 . 60 00 ' 178.30 feet along Land Court Application 1688; 21. 155° 13 ' 180.03 feet along the remainder of R.P. 1668, L.C. AW. 8520-B, Apana 3 to Gini Lahilahi, along R.P. 4216, L.C. AW. 5769 :2 to Kapule and along R.P. 4220, L.C. AW. 10986:2 to Nawelu; -4- 3 . 22. 247° 51' 15" 65. 58. feet along Roman Catholic Church lot; thence along the middle of a stonewall along Grant 1857 to Paakea for the next thirty-five (35) courses: 23 . 252° 04 ' 29 .71 feet; 24 . 262° 12 ' 40" 24 .49 feet; 25 . 254° 19 ° 50" 248. 67 feet; 26 . 258° 50 ° 45" 24 .39 feet; 27 . 260° 50 ' 10" 154.25 feet; 28 . 248° 14 ' 30" 53 .52 feet; 29 . 259° 57 ' 40" 29 . 15 feet; 30 . 266° 08 ' 27.51 feet; 31. 257° 13 ' 50" 16. 60 feet; 32. 267° 02' 10" 25 .25 feet; 33 . 258° 15 ' 26. 66 feet; 34 . 252° 02' 30" 36.51 feet; 35 . 255° 45' 10" 37.07 feet; 36. 263° 07 ' 38 . 11 feet; 37 . 291° 36 ' 20" 22.87 feet; 38 . 275° 03 ' 18.11 feet; 39 . 280° 45 ' 40" 19 .57 feet; 40 . 270° 12 ' 20" 41. 97 feet; 41. 2560 28' 15" 14. 69 feet; 42. 266° 35' 153 .95 feet; 43 . 275° 49 ' 30" 31.08 feet; 44 . 257° 53 ' 45" 63 . 64 feet; 45 . 253° 42 ' 18.51 feet; 0 -5- 46. 268° 43 ° 25 . 66. feet; 47. 260° 59 ° 30" 24.44 feet; 48. 275° 56 ° 20" 48. 58 feet; 49 . 270° 51' 30" 22.90 feet; 50. 281° 10 ' 12.28 feet; 51. 270° 19 ' 40" 16.40 feet; 52. 260° 49 ' 40" 58.02 feet; 53. 253° 39 ' 50" 25. 24 feet; 54 . 261° 10' 75. 95 feet; 55 . 268° 28 ' 40" 23 .34 feet; 56 . 273° 54 ° 12.47 feet; 57. 189° 22 ° 5.25 feet; thence along the middle of a stonewall along Grant 2033 to Haleluhi for the next Alb five (5) courses: gOr 58 . 267° 48 ° 50°° 167.26 feet; 59 ° 267° 30 ° 40" 685.53 feet; 60. 262° 29 ° 10" 62. 61 feet; 61. 261° 17 ' 40°° 399. 11 feet; 62. 261° 30 ' 25" 131.00 feet; 63 . 351° 30 ' 25" 453 . 64 feet along the remainder of R.P. 1668, L.C. AW. 8520-B, Apana 3 to Gini Lahilahi, to the point of beginning and containing an area of 28.245 Acres. (Refer to Parcel 2 as shown on Exhibit "A") SECTION 2. Section 25-90, Article 3, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawaii County Code, is amended to change the district classification of property described hereinafter as follows : -6- 1 l t J The district classification of the following area situated at Pahoehoe 2nd, North Kona, Hawaii, shall be Multiple Family Residential (RM-3 .5) : Parcel 3 Beginning at the Northwesterly corner of this parcel of land, being also the Southwesterly corner of a portion of a Royal Patent 4220, Land Commission Award 10, 986, Apana 2 to Nawelu and a point on the Northeasterly side of Alii Drive, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAHELO" being 9, 009. 15 feet South and 4,469 .08 feet East and running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: 1. 241° 14 ' 88.51 feet along stonewall and along Royal Patent 4220, Land Commission Award 10,986, Apana 2 to Nawelu; 2. 335° 13 ' 102.00 feet along Royal Patent 1668, Land Commission Award 8520-B, Apana 3 to G. Lahilahi; 3 . 60° 00' 59.85 feet along Royal Patent 1668, Land Commission Award 8520-B, Apana 3 to G. Lahilahi; 4 . 139° 24 ' 105.28 feet along the Northeasterly side of Alii Drive to the point of beginning and containing an area of 0 . 174 Acre. (Refer to Parcel 3 as shown on Exhibit "A") All as shown on the map attached hereto, marked Exhibit "A" and by reference made a part hereof. • SECTION 3 . These changes in district classification are conditioned upon the following: (A) The applicants, successors or assigns shall be responsible for complying with all of the stated conditions of approval; -7- l 0' (B) All through streets within the RS-7.5 zoned lands of the subject property and the main arterial within the RM-3 .5 zoned area of the subject property shall be constructed with curbs, gutters and sidewalks and underground utilities meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works and dedicated to the County upon its request; (C) No lots shall have direct access from Kuakini Highway. Access to the proposed lots of the subject property shall be from the interior subdivision roadways; (D) Upon the determination by the Department of Public Works, the Alii Highway right-of-way within the subject property, which may include sufficient width for abutting frontage road(s) , shall be dedicated to the County upon its request. The applicant shall comply with the dedication procedures set forth by the Planning Director. The value of the dedicated land shall be credited against the applicant ' s fair share contribution as required in Condition R of this ordinance. The said value shall be determined in accordance with the provisions . of Section 8-8(b) (2) , Chapter 8 (Park Dedication) , of the Hawaii County Code; (E) Should an improvement or community facilities district be implemented for the construction of the proposed Alii Highway, the applicant, successors or assigns shall automatically be a participant in such district; (F) All accesses from the Alii Highway, including intersection improvements, shall be subject to the approval of the Department of Public Works; C -8- (G) Access from Alii Drive shall meet with the approval of the Department of Public Works. Further, a left-turn storage lane shall be constructed meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works concurrently with the development of the RS or RM zoned area, whichever occurs first; (H) For the portion of the subject property east (mauka) of the proposed Alii Highway, no building permit(s) for the multiple family residential zoned area of the subject property and/or final subdivision approval for the single family residential zoned area of the subject property, shall be issued until funding for the construction of the entire length of the Alii Highway (to be approximately 5. 6 miles) has been committed; (I) A drainage system shall be installed meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works; (J) The method of sewage disposal shall meet with the requirements of the appropriate governmental agencies; (K) A solid waste management plan shall be submitted to the Department of Public Works in conjunction with the subdivision approval process for the subject property and approved by the Department of Public Works prior to Final Subdivision Approval. The approved plan shall include, but not be limited to, the management of solid waste generated from the construction and operating phase of the proposed development. Approved recommendations and mitigation measures shall be implemented at a time and in a manner meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works; -9- (L) An area within the eastern (makai) boundary of the subject properties and proximate to Alii Drive, not to exceed one acre, shall be conveyed to the County for a wastewater pump station. The location of the said site shall be established and dedicated to the County. The applicant shall comply with the dedication procedures set forth by the Planning Director, provided that the County shall be responsible for securing all necessary permits for the development and conveyance of the said area. The value of the dedicated land shall be credited against the applicants fair share contribution as required in Condition R of this ordinance. The said value of the dedicated land shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 8-8(b) (2) , Chapter 8 (Park Dedication) of the Hawaii County Code; (M) An intensive archaeological survey and report, including a cultural resource management plan, shall be submitted in conjunction with a SMA permit application for the development of the subject property; (N) Should any unanticipated sites be uncovered during land preparation activity, work within the affected area shall cease and the Planning Director shall be immediately notified. Work within the affected area shall not resume until clearance is obtained from the Planning Director; -10- 0 O To ensure that the Goals, and ( ) policies of the Housing Element of the General Plan are implemented, the applicant shall work with the Office of Housing and Community Development and the planning Department to formulate a housing plan for the development. This housing plan shall be submitted for the review and approval of the County Housing Agency prior to final subdivision approval of the proposed single-family residential subdivision or issuance of the building permit for the multiple-family residential component of the development, whichever occurs first; (P) As represented by the applicant, restrictive covenants in the deeds of all the proposed lots within the RS zoned area of the subject properties shall prohibit the construction of an ohana dwelling or second dwelling unit on each lot. A copy of the proposed covenant(s) to be recorded with the Bureau of Conveyances shall be submitted to the Planning Department for review and approval prior to final subdivision approval. A copy of the approved covenant shall be recited in an instrument executed by the applicant and the county and recorded with the Bureau of Conveyances likewise prior to final subdivision approval; (Q) In lieu of actual construction of infrastructural improvements as required herein, the applicant may enter into an agreement with the County to assure the County that the infrastructural improvements will be constructed together with the appropriate bond, surety or other security deemed acceptable to the Planning Director and the Corporation Counsel. Upon execution of such agreement and/or filing of the security with the County, final subdivision approval for the subject property or portions thereof shall be granted prior to the actual construction of required infrastructural improvements; CD -11- (R) Prior to Final Subdivision Approval or the issuance of the building permit for the RM zoned area of the subject property, as the case may be, the applicant shall pay its fair share contribution to address potential regional impacts of the project with respect to park, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities, sewers and roads. The fair share contribution shall be initially based on the representations contained within the change of zone application and may be increased or reduced proportionally if the number of units are adjusted. The fair share contribution for each unit shall be based on a maximum density for each lot as determined by the zoning resulting from this change of zone. The fair share contribution in a form of cash, land, facilities, or any combination thereof , shall have a maximum combined value of $1, 644,955. 63 . Commencing three years after the effective date of this ordinance, the fair share contributions described above shall be adjusted annually based on the percentage change in the Honolulu Consumer Price Index (HCPI) . In lieu of paying the fair. share contribution, the applicant may construct such facilities related to park, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities, sewers and roads with the approval of the appropriate agency(ies) . Any contributions required by this ordinance that exceed the fair share requirement of this proposedjdevelopment shall, at the applicant' s request be credited towards any of the applicant's future developments that require infrastructural impact contributions or towards the affordable housing requirements which are reflected in Condition 0 of this ordinance; 0 -12- j (S) All other applicable laws, rules, regulations and requirements, including those of the Department of Water Supply, Department of Education and Fire Department, shall be complied with; (T) Should the council adopt a Unified Impact Fees ordinance setting forth criteria for the imposition of exactions or the assessment of impact fees, conditions included herein shall be credited towards the requirements of the Unified Impact Fees Ordinance; (U) An annual progress report shall be submitted to the Planning Director prior to the anniversary date of the effective date of zone change. The report shall address the status of the development and the compliance with the conditions of approval. This condition shall remain in • effect until all of the conditions of approval have been complied with and the Planning Director acknowledges that further reports are not required; and (V) An initial extension of time for the performance of conditions within the ordinance may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: 1) the non-performance is the result of the conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the • control of the applicants, successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault or negligence; 2) granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the general plan or zoning code; -13- (E) 3) granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the change of zone; and 4) the time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed the period originally granted for performance (i.e. , a condition to be performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year) ; and 5) if the applicant should request an additional extension of time, the Planning Director shall submit the applicant's request to the County Council for appropriate action. Further, should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied within in a timely fashion, the Director shall initiate rezoning of the area to its original or more appropriate designation. SECTION 4. In the event that any portion of the ordinance is declared invalid, such invalidity shall not affect the other parts of this ordinance. �1 -14- C)' . 0 SECTION 5. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: j COUNCIL MEMBER, C.411 TY OF HAWAII Hilo, Hawaii Date of Introduction: October 5, 1994 Date of 1st Reading: October 5. 1994 Date of 2nd Reading: Novanber 30, 1994 Effective Date: December 7, 1994 APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LEGALITY: me2e(Y17P /)7 CORPORATI N COUN8' DATE: 0 _15- C,) (--` ` ...1 OFFICE OF THE COUNTY CLERK County of Hawaii PEE ) Hi lo ,Hawaii • '99 DEC 8 fin 8 18 'FFV : '.'7 - d"-TY CLERK I___I ...,__ DrAL"1"L...11.___ttr ,:,..1„3,44 ROLL CALL VOTE Introduced By: - Takashi Domingo Date Introduced: October 5, 1994 AYES NOES ABS EX First Reading: October 5, 1994 ARAKAKI X Published: N/A RONK-ABRAMSON X CHILDS X REMARKS: DE LIMA X Referred to PC - 10/05/94 DOMINGO X HALE - X RATH X ROSEHILL ' X SCHUTTE X 7 2 , 0 0 (DRAFT 5) Second Reading: November 30, 1994 S ROLL CALL VOTE I To Mayor: December 1, 1994 Returned: December 8. 1994 AYES NOES ABS EX Effective: Dec.Pmber 7. 1994 ARAXAKI X Published: Decembe 15. 1994 ,.l3ONK-ABRAMSON X • ,CHILDS X eL4RICS: , DE LIMA X DOMINGO x HALE X RATH X ROSEHILL X , . SCHTME _ 1 1 _ 0 I DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing BILL was adopted by the County Council and published as indicated above. APPROVED as to FORM1• ci L ALII.6 ' 417101.9.5."' _. . .4" COUNCIL C • RMAN _ - ORPORATION COUNSEL COUNTY OF HAWAII 11111111. 1111 ' / 7/99V/ Data C.fmry c • 1 Appr9v.ed/Rith'rppreved is 7 day of /Outdo 41g4 , 19 ff Al , t! i 40 / ti . -,,:. , OR, CO rOF HAWAII -• Bill No.: 68 (Draft 5 ) Reference: C-313/PC-334 Ord. No.: 94 124 1 i 5. TRAFFIC REPORT DATED AUGUST 4, 2016 0 r (� FINAL White Sands Mauka Tax Map Key 7-7-8:0120 and 124 Traffic Assessment Kailua-Kona, Island of Hawaii August 4, 2016 Prepared for James A. Stubenberg Prepared by International. - I' White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International Table of Contents C I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 II. EXISTING CONDITIONS 1 A. Geometrid Configuration 1 B. Volumes 4 1. 24-Hour Roadway Volumes 4 2. Peak Hour Intersection Volumes 4 C. Level of Service 4 1. Methodology 4 2. Existing(2016)Conditions Level of Service 1 6 III. FUTURE(2035)CONDITIONS 7 A. Future (2035) Surrounding Area Conditions 7 1. Roadway Construction 7 2. Surrounding Developments 7 B. Future(2035) Geometric Configuration 7 C. Future (2035) Volumes 7 1. Background Growth 7 2. Surrounding Area Development 8 3. Project Related Volumes 8 4. Future(2035)With Project Volumes 10 D. Future(2035) With Project LOS 13 1 Subdivision with 40 Dwelling Units 13 2. Subdivision with 240 Dwelling Units 13 3. Analysis of Capacity Limits 14 IV. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 V. REFERENCES 16 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International List of Figures Figure 1:Project Location Map 2 Figure 2: Existing(2016) Lane Configuration and Peak Hour Volumes. 3 Figure 3: Project Related Peak Hour Volumes 11 Figure 4: Future(2035)With Project Peak Hour Volumes 12 List of Tables Table 1: Roadway Traffic Volumes 4 Table 2: LOS Criteria for Unsignalized Intersections 5 Table 3: LOS Criteria for Signalized Intersections 5 Table 4:Existing(2016) Intersection LOS 6 Table 5: Hawaii LRLTP TransCAD 2007-2035 Annual Growth Rates 8 Table 6:Annual Growth Rate Based on HDOT Data 8 Table 7: Development Trip Generation Rates 9 Table 8: Project Related Trip Definitions 9 Table 9: Project Related Volumes Trip Generation Based on ITE Land Use Rates 9 Table 10:Trip Distribution Percentage Rates 10 Table 11: Future (2035)With Project Calculated LOS-40 Dwelling Units 13 Table 12: Future(2035)With Project LOS—240 Dwelling Units 14 Table 13:Future(2035)With Project LOS PM Peak Hour at Alii Drive and La'aloa Avenue—43 Dwelling Units versus 44 Dwelling Units 14 List of Appendices Appendix A—24-Hour HDOT Traffic Count Data and Intersection Peak Period Counts Appendix B—Analysis Reports Existing(2016)Conditions Appendix C—Analysis Reports Future (2035)With Project Conditions-40 Dwelling Units Appendix D—Analysis Reports Future(2035)With Project Conditions—240 Dwelling Units Appendix E—Analysis Reports Future (2035)With Project Conditions—Capacity Limits • 11' • 0 0 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment' SSFM International I j I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The White Sands Mauka Property subdivision (hereon referred to as"Proposed Development")is located at Tax Map Key: (3) 7-7-08: 120 and 124 in Kona on the Island of Hawai'i. A location map is provided in Figure 1.Access to the Proposed Development subdivision is proposed to come off of La'aloa Road,in the vicinity of Kapukapu Street.The property is being studied for a potential development of between 40 and 240 dwelling units. The County of Hawai'i Planning Department requested that a study be conducted to determine the capacities of the intersections of La'aloa Avenue at Ali'i Drive and La'aloa Avenue at Kuakini Highway.This traffic assessment conducts that study. II. EXISTING CONDITIONS A. Geometric Configuration Kuakini Highway(State Route 11) is a two-lane,two-way roadway near La'aloa Avenue that travels in the north-south direction. It is a State of Hawai'i owned road with the functional classification of urban principal arterial. There are paved shoulders of various widths on either side of the road with no designated sidewalks or bike lanes. The posted speed along Kuakini Highway near La'aloa Avenue is 45 mph however the posted speed limit along the corridor varies from 25 mph to 55 mph. Ali'i Drive is a two-lane,two-way,undivided roadway oriented in the north-south direction along the coast in Kailua-Kona. It is a County of Hawai'i owned road with the functional classification of urban major collector. There are paved shoulders of various widths on either side of the road with no designated sidewalks or bike lanes.The posted speed limit along Ali'i Drive is 30 mph. La'aloa Avenue provides a connection between Ali'i Drive and Kuakini Highway.The extension of La'aloa Avenue was completed in January 2015 which resulted in this connection. Prior to the construction of the extension there was no connection between Ali'i Drive and Kuakini Highway along the 3.5 miles of Alii Drive from Royal Poinciana Drive to Kamehameha III Road.There are paved concrete sidewalks and bike lanes in either direction.The posted speed limit is 25 mph. La'aloa Avenue intersects Kuakini Highway at a signalized intersection and intersects Alii Drive at an all- way stop-sign controlled intersection.The intersection lane configurations at the T-intersections of La'aloa Avenue and Kuakini Highway and at La'aloa Avenue and Ali'i Drive are shown in Figure 2. 1 I , 0 : 1 '-, .) . , •----, • . , .. . • , . ,.- • ', ' ' ' • -''.. --• ":......_'„;•. -, ', • •' '. , . . , . ..... , „..., . . . . , 7--- • , . k\_____,H \ • . . , •, . , • . „ . . • . : . , „.•,-..,, „ , , • „ . . • . , • , , . , . • . . . , . . „ . • , • . , • , ''' ,INA\P,'D '.--"'•-•--.. .‘ • i , ‘.. ••• \3,00 ,y, :::,:, , 7:,.t.=` ... ... . ‘.„ . , . .,.....„,...— . ,,, •-.. • .. 6,-. ..,. ..,„ Whito...Sarids,Mauka .. ... : , . . . . . , ,. ro,Ict Loc4tio . . . . .. . . . _...,...._.._, .. . . . ... .......„. _. . , ......„ . .... . ',..- - , • .. • -5,s, . . Beach Park --•t:-•.0.4,-*...-0---waff-0,M4PArt-tcota'..."-7?"gloil 44•44,44,7=kr--,0•1#1444*-V Of'''''-,,..4:"', ''.,- .... _ •- --•-' — -- - ''• -s. -1:0,air:.:,,C..4;07,..A0f.feLi -PidirriYor,404'11-4',1,;: taaitiOAAr•i,&4100-.' \ .,., , „,,,.-.., __-• Kona Magic ' 0 *ii. -*;'44';x:Ti&SMA-S1.4-toffit. ' 6 X6=y41:14.0*.V.V;44"'r.: *:•'.,,,,,„,4.-rit,i,„.04, ,T1 Kona Magic Sands- :=4.''. ".44.1c="1A-41.. -11,---,,.---- :-,..., ,:':,-, ..-'-'------Beach Park , 1-11' * / ,. ' '. ,c>',1\-N ' . ., ., ,• •• - ,---- • 11'.',..;, ?...:-'-i'-''''1,. ' . - --'• •';' ' xre .... , _ ''''Y.,4?,:, 1 'c t" - '• •-:.•,'•.—,' - • '.1i3O%—f : : . - • '.. ' 'iN,10-k\‘ . '''- -- , CI White Sand '.,.- Village ,,,, ..-...... .. .. , „ ' • ' • 'V;.1, .<i:, 'r:.".1.1.-...'. '1, ''', R ' :;:_...' ', Y,.---.• :- .. . o ....,.. , .. - . - - z- . , 0 • • ' ,, - .--- - :, ---,.. „ '.. ' 1,• '''' ".„ , . ' ---'. - , - -- - NORTH .... ,.. , ... •—I ---H ' ' -r- 0 KOP • 'S-r ---' -••• ' ' -'' ' -.- '-- ' -- -- --, --,c) : .=KOA - . : .. .. ' ': • '. -.4.-,. Location ' ; i .., 0A'.- ' ' • :--' . . . -.. ., ,....,.. „. , . . ''.',;:5!',..F.; • . .. Island of Hawai'i - ...- . . . i . . . Existing Land Use • . , ,,,„.:...i,,..;,,,,,, ,,..,-.„1,-.. Study Intersections • Residential • „ : '•....;:'...ivi,..'.,..r.';';''.....- , n , • ' . :.•,,,,,,\,,,,,i,_4•;',;,-„,-.T•' * ,z.'-'',:,'•:".";,•••':', . ,,. ..... . , : -•,-.S•:.„:':,;-:•••','- Existing Roadway - -,.... -.9v-. Agriculture • • rA.4-y--4,1 I_____I Resort , r.41.75,4,1 Figure 1: Project Location Map Future Roadway '4.Nati-f, Open Space . . . . , White Sands Mauka-Kailua-Kona,Hawai'i , International. ( Ing (2016) Lane Configuration Existing (2016) PO: ;i i�bur Volumes Existing (2016) Bicycle and Pedesi )Peak 4f _ (veh/hr) Hour Volumes Ir--- 727(752) 4-- - 0(0) (6.. 24(22) I33 o 4 0(1) oto ± . Ell , = .°D �1 • ca F III III I (837)743 / s (67)49 Thy41-) (1°' -< (0)0 —' (0)0 (*. +1 I 0 La u, �, (0) 1 -- -► � � o cn o o a) a) a c • c c a) a) Q co a Co To co co Co J -I 0 0 4--- 16(6) LI, 1- o . I cn w N i 0(1) + 4) \„). 4 9(4) 4). elcri -4 41--- --_ D 4 20(48) , + 10- ` 1 • L �— _ 202(248) D 1 o O - _ (0)0 -----1- 1 p 1 re ±(10)18 _ _ (66)51 Not To Scale Legend 283 169 Legend ri Signalized O Unsignalized ®-0. #t(#) AM(PM)Peak Hour Bicycle 1 Intersection Intersection Legend Volumes(Bic/Hr) Marked # (#) AM(PM)Peak Hour Volumes(Veh/Hr) 4-- -► #(#) AM(PM)Peak Hour Pedestrian 41 Stop Sign IIr111II Crosswalk Volumes(Ped/Hr) Figure 2: Existing(2016)Lane Configurations and Peak Hour Volumes c M White Sands Mauka-Kailua-Kona,Hawai`i International J White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International CDB. Volumes 1. 24-Hour Roadway Volumes In 2012, average daily traffic (ADT)‘along Kuakini Highway south of La'aloa Avenue was 16,700 vehicles, based on Hawai'i Department of Transportation(HDOT)Historical Traffic Station Maps.ADT along Kuakini Highway north of La'aloa Avenue was 25,000 vehicles in 2014. The 2014 ADT along Alii Drive south of La'aloa Avenue was 6,800 vehicles.Table 1 provides the roadway ADT at these traffic stations.Appendix 1 A includes the detailed 24-hour HDOT traffic count data.There is no volume data for La'aloa Avenue. I Table 1:Roadway Traffic Volumes Roadway Location Year ADT Between Akoni Drive and Kamehameha III Road 2012 16,700 Kuakini Highway Between Nalani Street and Lako Street 2014 25,000 Ali'i Drive `Between La'aloa Avenue and Queen Kalama Avenue 2014 6,800 Source: HDOT Historical Traffic Station Maps 2. Peak Hour Intersection Volumes Manual intersection turning movement counts were taken at the intersections of La'aloa Avenue and Kuakini Highway and at La'aloa Avenue and Ali'i Drive on Tuesday,May 3,2016,during a time when school was in session. The turning movement traffic counts included classification of passenger vehicles, heavy vehicles (buses, trucks, vehicles with trailers), bicycles, and pedestrians. Counts were conducted during the AM and PM peak periods from 7:00-9:00 AM and 3:45-5:45 PM.The peak hours for the intersection 771 of La'aloa Avenue and Kuakini Highway were found to be 7:15-8:15 AM and 3:45-4:45 PM.The peak hours for the intersection of La'aloa Avenue and Ali'i Drive were 7:00-8:00 AM and 4:15-5:15 PM. At the intersection of Kuakini Highway and La'aloa Avenue,the percentage of all vehicles that were heavy vehicles during the AM peak hour was 4.6%and 2.0%during the PM peak hour.At the intersection of Alii Drive and La'aloa Avenue, the percentage of all vehicles that were heavy vehicles during the AM peak hour was 1.9%and 0.8%during PM peak hour. Pedestrian and bicycles were counted at the existing study intersections during the peak periods. Only one pedestrian and no bicycles were counted at the intersection of Kuakini Highway and La'aloa Avenue during the AM peak hour. During the PM peak hour, no pedestrians and one bicycle was counted.At the intersection of La'aloa Avenue and Ali'i Drive,41 pedestrians and 15 bicycles were counted during the AM peak hour. During the PM peak hour,17 pedestrians and 14 bicycles were counted. Tabulated peak hour volumes are shown in Figure 2. Detailed peak hour counts are included in Appendix A. C. Level of Service 1. Methodology Level of service (LOS) is a rating system used in traffic engineering to measure the effectiveness of roadway operating conditions. There are six LOS ranging from A to F. LOS A is defined as being the least interrupted flow conditions with little or no delays,whereas LOS F is defined as conditions where extreme delays exist.Kuakini Highway is classified as a principal arterial in a small urban area.Ali'i Drive is classified 4 1 C �z.. White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International as an urban collector roadway. Guidelines from A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 0 (AASHTO,2011)state that an appropriate LOS for an arterial in urban area is LOS C or D while for collector in urban area is LOS D or better. As stated in the Highway Capacity Manual(HCM) (TRB,2010), LOS for an all-way stop controlled (AWSC) intersection is determined by the measured control delay(see Table 2). Delay at an AWSC intersection is defined for the intersection as a whole and for each movement. Table 2:LOS Criteria for Unsignalized Intersections Average Control Delay LOS by v/c Ratio (s/veh) <=1.0 >1.0 <_10.0 A F >10 and 5515 B F >15 and 525 C F >25 and 535 D F >35and 5_50 E F >50 F F Source:Highway Capacity Manual (TRB,2010) The LOS analysis for signalized intersections is based on average total vehicle delay based on the methodologies of the HCM (TRB, 2010) shown in Table 3. High numbers of vehicles passing the intersection, long cycle lengths, inappropriate signal phasing, or a poor signal progression can result in , e long delays,and consequently poor LOS. Table 3:LOS Criteria for Signalized Intersections Average Control Delay LOS by v/c Ratio (s/veh) <=1.0 >1.0 5..10.0 A F , >10 and 520 B F >20 and:535 C F ' >35 and 555 D F >55 and 580 E F >80 F F Source:HCM(TRB,2010) Another measure of intersection operation is the volume to capacity (v/c) ratio. This is the ratio of the volume of traffic utilizing the intersection compared to the maximum volume of vehicles that can be accommodated by the intersection during a specific period of time. A v/c ratio under 0.85 means the intersection is operating under capacity and excessive delays are not experienced. An intersection is operating near its capacity when v/c ratios range from 0.85 to 0.95. Unstable flows are expected when the v/c ratio is between 0.95 and 1.0. Any v/c ratio greater than or equal to 1.0 indicates that the intersection is operating at or above capacity which results in a LOS F per the HCM(TRB, 2010).A traffic movement can have a poor LOS but low v/c which suggests that the traffic volumes along that movement 0 5 I C C White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International (----) are low but have to wait a long time to make the movement. This is common for low volume protected turn movements or side streets that have to wait through a long cycle length for their split to come up. 2. Existing(2016) Conditions Level of Service Existing (2016) conditions LOS for the intersection and traffic movements resulted in LOS D or better during the peak hours(see Table 4).The v/c ratio for all movements were calculated to be under capacity. Appendix B provides the detailed analysis reports for the Existing(2016) conditions. Table 4:Existing(2016) Intersection LOS Traffic Control AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Intersection Appr Mvmt Delay v/c LOS Delay v/c LOS Intersection 9.7 - A 11.5 - B AIN Drive and NB TR 9.8 0.33 A 11.0 0.43 B La'aloa Avenue WB L 9.3 0.05 A 10.0 0.07 A R 8.9 0.18 A 8.7 0.08 A SB LT 10.0 0.33 A 12.4 0.51 B Intersection 24.8 - C 23.3 - C Kuakini NB L 14.7 0.10 B 16.6 0.10 B Highway and T 13.3 0.72 B 11.6 0.69 B La'aloa Avenue EB .L 21.1 0.17 C 25.8 0.16 C SB T 36.7 0.94 0 33.7 0.94 C EB=Eastbound;WB=Westbound; NB=Northbound;T=Through; R=Right; L=Left; LT=Left Through a 06 0 0 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International l III. FUTURE (2035) CONDITIONS The project location is being studied for the potential development of between 40 and 240 residential dwelling units. The project completion year is unknown at this time and so a future year analysis was conducted for 2035. A. Future(2035) Surrounding Area Conditions 1. Roadway Construction From research into the Statewide Transportation Improvements Program(STIP),no roadway construction is scheduled at the intersections of La'aloa Avenue at Kuakini Highway and at La'aloa Avenue and Ali'i Drive. 2. Surrounding Developments From research into the State of Hawaii Office of Environmental Quality Control library,there were several future developments expected to be complete near the proposed project site. The list below shows the developments within a three-mile radius from the proposed development. - Kahalu'u Ma Kai Redevelopment - Parcel 26 at Kahalu'u Residential Project - Living Stones Congregational Church Hall and Storage Building - DAGS Kona District Office Baseyard - Ali'i Drive Banyans Parking Lot New Park Development,Ali'i Kai Subdivision - Kona Sea Crest Development - Royal Ali'i Planned Unit Development B. Future(2035) Geometric Configuration For the purpose of this assessment,it is assumed that the future 2035 roadway configuration will remain similar to existing conditions. C. Future(2035) Volumes 1. Background Growth A vehicle volume average compounded annual growth rate(CAGR)of 2.09%was calculated along Kuakini Highway using the 2007 baseline and 2035 no build TransCAD models from the Hawaii Long Range Land Transportation Plan (LRLTP) (CH2MHilI,2013).A vehicle volume CAGR of 2.58%was calculated along Ali`i • Drive.Table 5 shows the roadway segment vehicle volume CAGR along Kuakini Highway and Ali'i Drive. C? 7 0 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International Table 5: Hawaii LRLTP TransCAD 2007-2035 Annual Growth Rates Roadway Segment along Kuakini Hwy: CAGR North of La'aloa Avenue 2.19% South of La'aloa Avenue 2.04% South of La'aloa between Akoni Drive and Kamehameha Ill Road 2.04% Average 2.09% Roadway Segment along Alii Drive: CAGR North of La'aloa Avenue 1.55% South of La'aloa Avenue 3.07% South of La'aloa between Queen Kalama Avenue and Kamehameha III Road 3.11% Average 2.58% Average vehicle volume CAGR was also calculated using historical HDOT traffic count data at roadway segments along Kuakini Highway and Ali'i Drive(see Table 6). Kuakini Highway, between Kamehameha Ill Road and Akoni Drive(south of La'aloa Avenue),resulted in a CAGR decrease of 2.00%from 1996 to 2012. Near Lako Street (north of La'aloa Avenue), a CAGR increase of 0.94% was calculated along Kuakini Highway between 1996 and 2014. An average annual compounded growth rate of 2.51%was calculated along Ali'i Drive, between La'aloa Avenue and Queen Kalama Road, between 1996 and 2014. Table 6:Annual Growth Rate Based on HDOT Data Roadway Segment Years CAGR Kuakini Highway between Kamehameha Ill Road and Akoni Drive 1996-2012 2.00% (south of La'aloa Avenue) Kuakini Highway near Lako Street(north of La'aloa Avenue) 1996-2014 0.94% Ali'i Drive between La'aloa Avenue and Queen Kalama Avenue 1996-2014 2.51% With the variation in CAGR between the traffic model and historical conditions for Kuakini Highway, a more conservative 1.0%was applied to existing volumes to account for background growth for forecasted 2035 conditions.A CAGR of 2.5%was applied to Ali'i Drive for forecasting 2035 conditions. 2. Surrounding Area Development Trips generated as a result of surrounding area development was considered to be included as a part of the background growth and therefore no additional traffic volumes were added 3. Project Related Volumes The addition of trips resulting from the project was calculated using the four-step trip generation methodology:trip generation,trip distribution, modal choice,and route assignment. a) Trip Generation (1) Trip Generation Methodology The Proposed Development is considering potential development of between 40 and 240 dwelling units. To match the existing land uses, it was assumed that the dwelling units would be detached single family units. Resulting trips for the proposed development was calculated using trip generation rates from the Trip Generation,8th Edition (ITE,2008) (see Table 7). 8 �i 0 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International Table 7: Development Trip Generation Rates Trip Generation Rates Land Use[ITE Code] AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Average % In %Out Average % In %Out Rate Rate Single Family Detached Housing[210] 0.75 25 75 1.01 63 37 Methodologies described in Trip Generation Handbook, 2nd Edition (ITE,June 2004) state that although total project trips are calculated for a specified development,the total trips will not ne7cessarily be new vehicles added to the adjacent roadways.The three types of project related trips considered are pass-by trips, diverted trips, and primary trips.The definition of each type of trip is shown in Table 8. However, since the development is proposed to be all residential, it is assumed that all trips generated will be primary trips and therefore no reductions in trips were taken. Table 8: Project Related Trip Definitions Type Definition Pass-by Traffic currently passing the site on an adjacent street or roadway that offers direct access to the generator. Diverted Trips that are attracted from the traffic volume on roadways within the vicinity of the generator but require a diversion from that roadway to another roadway to gain access to the site. Primary Trips made for the specific purpose of visiting the generator.The stop at the generator is the primary reason for the trip. Source: Trip Generation Handbook,2nd Edition (ITE,June 2004) (2) Trip Generation Calculation The Proposed Development is considering development of between 40 and 240 dwelling units.This range in potential development was used to calculate the resulting trips for weekday peak hours(see Table 9). Table 9: Project Related Volumes Trip Generation Based on ITE Land Use Rates Land Use[ITE Trip Generation Code] Quantity ;Units AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Total In Out Total In Out Single Family40 Dwelling Sin g Units 30 8 22 40 25 15 Detached Housing Dwelling (210) 240 180 45 135 242 152 90 Units b) Trip Distribution Trip distribution was calculated using existing traffic distribution along the roadways and at the intersections. Table 10 provides the existing trip distribution rates that were used to distributero'ect p J related volumes. 9 II 0 0 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM international Table 10:Trip Distribution Percentage Rates AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour To/From Location (%) (%) FROM Ali'i Drive=North of La'aloa Avenue 35 33 FROM Alii Drive—South of La'aloa Avenue 14 24 FROM Kuakini Highway —North of La'aloa Avenue 34 33 FROM Kuakini Highway —South of La'aloa Avenue 17 10 TO Ali'i Drive—North of La'aloa Avenue 48 30 TO Ali'i Drive—South of La'aloa Avenue 11 22 TO Kuakini Highway —North of La'aloa Avenue 29 37 TO Kuakini Highway —South of La'aloa Avenue 12 11 c) Modal Choice To assume the worst case scenario; all project related trips were assumed to be by vehicle trips only. While many people are assumed to use vehicles to make trips to and from work during the commuter hours, this area is very pedestrian and bicycle friendly and is expected to account for a moderate percentage of off-peak trips. d) Trip Assignment Resulting project related peak hour volumes are included in Figure 3. e4. Future(2035)With Project Volumes Background growth and project related trips were added to the Existing (2016) volumes to calculate the Future(2035) With Project volumes(see Figure 4). 0 10 ProjL y,elated Peak Hour Volumes for 40 Project Related Peak 1-( ;�{,Liii,;)Volumes for 240 AKINI Units \ Units , a CD 1(3) ç_ s(ls) 4 ,,tf I = 5ti r E 15(50) White Sands Mauka �a:%,� 4 3 (8)M al Project Locatio , r '�� `4.10 is. w 5-12 s m N 0 T u Q Vs$7 0 O �E O lft i:> .4 j) ! ! 4) !cuai !'t'':4C4'11;1"1 ti CO CAHULUI-KEAUHOU pgRK Q S'?..0kqAO O u 9 (8) "14 J a'i 55(43) lik J W,1)- cr cr C 0 13(7) 80(47) Y G. p N `� Z Vie Sand '` ./y/- llage Kona Magic Sands ,` S T Beach Path 0 A. N N �' ."-U-3 �. '44.4!-,1" A�lik 9)2 o0 do o4 iT S 'Z9 p� ccs �U Kona Magic `'��+�/�O /1/x1 /ST ) a) 4)r. 1(6) D > 4) 6(37) D Sands IP C9�j OgST O p C] O O5 s a3 (8) m a 16(50) ._.--'"kro -- Legend #(#) AM(PM)Peak Hour Vehicular Volumes(Veh/Hr) Figure 3: Project Related Peak Hour Volumes 1 ..M White Sands Mauka—Kailua-Kona, Hawaii International / ..\ -711/ Fu{. (2035) With Project for 40 Units Future •(2035) With Fti ct for 240 Units KU4 .,NI 0 ___,/ 4— 880(910) .4_ 880(910) px ViAwygiv:s. 3 30(30) m 3 37(42) o=iiI l,y,F" ,r Nt�a! Liza ± '� tan ;;* ValnrdrEs S = I = fit�'t� 'E 899 (1,013) ----0- w' 'c 899 (1,013)—÷ rna e,' O.,5 y„ 62(89} 74(131) White Sands Nauka 7 4pt,* Project Locatio k o dith Y #5 tet - N 00 N i_s V f( itlft Z .P. Q 7Qss2 � NJ In p Lo 5 , `h" e N N 3:. `� 4,44:00e° ' co rao `ax irgA 71415 0 0 W 4j O/C9 0� CO co ,,-11-1U ..RAR' CO CO J Q ST q l' 0 d NJ While Sand May/&"y/ . iD Village Kona Magic.Sands - SI Beach Park 0 In (n N co F co Q//I/ �/ Oho,9 �o 4.) K,* A --'.------- 33(83) 4,,,) AIC38 (114) +9�iss�FFi. �A-I/S .L 4 3_23(397) D .- " 4— 323 (397) D IColia ane ,/,/ -I/ ' ole -I'v/40 u o 0 0 San4, ST Q 85 114 co ¢ 98 156 fD Q 270(453) -- 270(453) Legend. ______•,. #(#) AM(PM)Peak Hour Vehicular Volumes(Veh/Hr) Figure 4: Future(2035)With Project Peak Hour Volumes I ..M White Sands Mauka—Kailua-Kona,Hawaii International 0 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International nD. Future (2035) With Project LOS l j' 1. Subdivision with 40 Dwelling Units For the scenario that includes the development of 40 dwelling units,the Future (2035)With Project LOS for the study intersections continue to operate at an appropriate LOS D or better during the peak hours with all v/c under capacity(see Table 11). However,during the PM peak hour,the southbound approach at the intersection of Ali`i Drive and La'aloa Avenue operates at LOS E and the southbound through volume at the intersection of Kuakini Highway and La'aloa Avenue operate at LOS F. Appendix C provides the detailed analysis reports for the Future(2035)With Project conditions with 40 dwelling units. Table 11:Future(2035)With Project Calculated LOS-40 Dwelling Units Traffic Control AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Intersection Appr Mvmt Delay v/c LOS Delay v/c LOS Intersection 15.3 - C 34.5 - D NB TR 16.2 0.60 C 26.5 0.80 D Ali'i Drive and L 10.7 0.10 B 12.0 0.15 B La'aloa Avenue WB _ R 12.1 0.37 B 10.8 0.17 B SB LT 16.7 0.61 C 46.8 0.94 E Intersection 22.1 - C 35.4 - D Kuakini Highway NB L 18.6 0.14 B ` 24.4 0.19 C and La'aloa T 13.1 0;76 B 14.1 0.79 B Avenue EB L 32 7 0.29 C 31.9 0.24 C SB T 30.0 0.92 C 55.0 1.03 EB=Eastbound;WB=Westbound; NB=Northbound;T=Through;R=Right; L=Left; LT=Left Through 2. Subdivision with 240 Dwelling Units For the scenario that includes the development of 240 dwelling units,the Future(2035)With Project LOS for the study intersections operate at an appropriate LOS D or better during the peak hours, except for the intersection of Ali'i Drive and La'aloa Avenue which operated at LOS F(see Table 12).All movements at both intersections resulted in v/c less than 1.0 during the AM peak hour. During the PM peak hour,the southbound approach at the intersection of Ali'i Drive and La'aloa Avenue operates at LOS F with the volume to capacity ratio greater than 1.00. During the PM peak hour,the southbound through volume at the intersection of Kuakini Highway and La'aloa Avenue operate at LOS F with the v/c ratio greater than 1.00. Therefore, the intersection of Alii Drive and La'aloa Avenue was determined to have the constraining capacity for acceptable intersection LOS. Appendix D provides the detailed analysis reports for the Future(2035)With Project conditions with 240 dwelling units. r 0 13 0 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International / Table 12:Future(2035)With Project LOS-240 Dwelling Units Traffic Control AM Peak Hour PM Peak Hour Intersection Appr Mvmt Delay v/c LOS Delay v/c LOS Intersection 17.5 - C 53.9 - F NB TR 18.4 0.65 C 34.8 0.90 0 Alii Drive and L 11.2 0.14 B 12.8 0.19 B La'aloa Avenue WB R 14.3 0.48 B 11.7 0.23 B SB LT 19.7 0.67 C 81.9 1.06 F Intersection 22.4 - C 35.4 - D Kuakini HighwayNB L 19.2 0.17 B 25.7 0.26 C and La'aloa T 13.1 0.76 B 14.1 0.79 B Avenue EB L 34.6 0.39 C 33.3 0.32 C SB T 30.0 0.92 C 55.0 1.03 F EB=Eastbound;WB=Westbound;NB=Northbound;T=Through; R=Right; L=Left; LT=Left Through 3. Analysis of Capacity Limits An iterative analysis was completed to calculate the maximum number of dwelling units that could be developed at the,project location while retaining an intersection LOS D at Ali'i Drive and La'aloa Drive. It was determined that with 44 dwelling units, the intersection LOS resulted in LOS E. Therefore, the maximum number dwelling units shall not exceed 43 dwelling units (see Table 13). Appendix E provides the detailed analysis reports for the Future (2035)With Project conditions for 43 and 44 dwelling units. Table 13:Future(2035)With Project LOS PM Peak Hour at Ali'i Drive and La'aloa Avenue-43 Dwelling Units versus 44 Dwelling Units PM Peak Hour s Traffic Control 43 Dwelling Units 44 Dwelling Units Intersection Appr Mvmt Delay v/c LOS Delay v/c LOS Intersection 34.9 - D 35.1 - E NB TR 26.8 0.81 D 26.9 0.81 0 Alii Drive and L 12.1 0.15 B 12.1 0.15 B La'aloa Avenue \ WB R 10.8 0.17 B 10.8 0.17 B SB LT 47.5 0.95 E 47.7 0.95 E EB=Eastbound;WB=Westbound; NB=Northbound;T=Through; R=Right;L=Left; LT=Left Through 0 14 White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM International IV. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The Proposed Development is proposing a potential development of between 40 and 240 dwelling units. In respond to the County of Hawaii Planning Department,the intersections of La'aloa Avenue at Ali'i Drive and La'aloa Avenue at Kuakini Highway were reviewed for available capacity. Existing(2016) conditions resulted in appropriate LOS D or better at both intersections of La'aloa Avenue at Ali'i Drive and La'aloa Avenue at Kuakini Highway. Future conditions were assessed for the year 2035 that included an assumed traffic volume background growth on Ali'i Drive and on Kuakini Highway.The project related impact calculated that 43 single-family residential units was the max number possible for construction while still retaining acceptable intersection LOS operations for the existing geometrics and traffic control. A change in future year development or the completion of intersection mitigation measures would likely increase the total number of units possible for construction. �) L \=J - 15 C C White Sands Mauka Traffic Assessment SSFM international V. REFERENCES American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2011. CH2M Hill.State of Hawai'i Department of Transportation Hawai`i Long Range Land Transportation Plan, TransCAD model,2013. Office of Environmental Quality Control (OEQC). EA and EIS Online Library,Accessed June 2016, <http://oegc.doh.hawa i i.gov/d efau lt.aspx>. State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation.Historical Traffic Station Maps. State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation.Statewide Transportation Improvements Program, Approved April 28,2016,<http://hawaii.gov/dot/highways/STIP>. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council.Highway Capacity Manual,Washington, D.C.,2010 Edition. 0 16 Appendix A 24-Hour HDOT Traffic Count Data and Intersection Peak Period Counts 0 C \'.'� ISLAND: HAWAII AREA: HOLUALOA 0 - TO KAM III ROAD 4110 E- D-2 KUAKINI HIGHWAY ROUTE 11 D-1 - TO SUNSET -- 118 500' K DRIVE MP ELEV. 411:00 I I N I D IR I , V E 0 Station No: B71 0011 11732 Station Location: tiflai1LAit €tEL? aItitng Kuakini Highway between Kam III Road and Akoni Drive at 500'elevation sign Station Mileage: 117.75 GPS Coord (Latitude): 19.59034 N f` 4 W ,. 1M ,- GPS Coord (Longitude): 155.95644 W Begin Survey (Date/Time): 6/5/2012 0000 End Survey (Date/Time): 6/7/2012 0000 Survey Method: LOOP HOSE OTHER Survey Type: VOL CLASS SPEED OTHER Survey Crew: CA,LT Module No.: HPMS DATA Segment Description: ms, z KUAKINI HIGHWAY- KAMEHAMEHA III ROAD (RTE.185) TO KUAKINI HIGHWAY Segment Begin LRS 117.32 Segment End LRS 119.21 Length 1.89 Facility Name Juris Func Area . Route D-1 = Direction to End of Route Class Type No. Mile D-2= Direction to Beginning of Route r D-1 TO PALANI ROAD KUAKINI HIGHWAY S 2 1 11 117.75 D-2 TO KAMEHAMEHA AVENUE Sketch By: EPJ Date: 2/22/2012 SLD: 2009 j Qun Date: 2013/03/14 Hawaii D1,' lo I, ment of Transportation fl I Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section 2012 Program Count-Summary Site ID: B71001111732 • Town: Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 16300 Functional Class: RURAL:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 11 Location: Kuakini Hwy btwn Kam III Rd Akoni Dr at 500'elevation sign TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL DATE : 06/05/2012 12:00-12:15 5 23 28 06:00-06:15 109 42 151 12:00-12:15 130 119 249 06:00-06:15 91 126 217 12:15-12:30 10 18 28 06:15-06:30 144 57 201 12:15-12:30 160 116 276 06:15-06:30 96 147 243 12:30-12:45 2 12 14 06:30-06:45 178 67 245 12:30-12:45 135 146 281 06:30-06:45 96 142 238 12:45-01:00 4 6 10 06:45-07:00 151 54 205 12:45-01:00 137 125 262 06:45-07:00 86 122 208 01:00-01:15 2 9 11 07:00-07:15 180 75 255 01:00-01:15 141 128 269 07:00-07:15 84 127 211 01:15-01:30 1 7 8 07:15-07:30 184 112 296 01:15-01:30 147 120 267 07:15-07:30 75 121 196 01:30-01:45 1 7 8 07:30-07:45 165 140 305 01:30-01:45 125 138 263 07:30-07:45 53 111 164 01:45-02:00 3 4 7 07:45-08:00 176 117 293 01:45-02:00 112 122 234 07:45-08:00 57 121 178 /^ 02:00-02:15 4 5 9 08:00-08:15 148 97 245 02:00-02:15 138 135 273 08:00-08:15 62 89 151 l 02:15-02:30 1 4 5 08:15-08:30 139 112 251 02:15-02:30 128 140 268 08:15-08:30 54 78 132 02:30-02:45 3 4 7 08:30-08:45 173 98 271 02:30-02:45 127 113 240 08:30-08:45 44 75 119 02:45-03:00 4 4 8 08:45-09:00 158 120 278 02:45-03:00 128 145 273 08:45-09:00 53 85 138 03:00-03:15 7 1 8 09:00-09:15 150 111 261 03:00-03:15 143 146 289 09:00-09:15 41 80 121 03:15-03:30 8 3 11 09:15-09:30 141 104 245 03:15-03:30 140 143 283 09:15-09:30 61 89 150 03:30-03:45 19 4 23 09:30-09:45 162 125 287 03:30-03:45 188 163 351 09:30-09:45 39 68 107 03:45-04:00 16 1 17 09:45-10:00 141 127 268 03:45-04:00 146 155 301 09:45-10:00 44 68 112 04:00-04:15 17 6 23 10:00-10:15 165 109 ' 274 04:00-04:15 144 160 304 10:00-10:15 22 59 81 04:15-04:30 29 6 35 10:15-10:30 165 115 280 04:15-04:30 145 162 307 10:15-10:30 19 59 78 04:30-04:45 35 10 45 10:30-10:45 129 124 253 04:30-04:45 129 169 298 10:30-10:45 19 42 61 04:45-05:00 59 16 75 10:45-11:00 150 122 272 04:45-05:00 145 195 340 10:45-11:00 14 39 53 05:00-05:15 44 15 59 11:00-11:15 152 111 263 05:00-05:15 118 156 274 11:00-11:15 20 38 58 05:15-05:30 63 15 78 11:15-11:30 128 116 244 05:15-05:30 102 151 253 11:15-11:30 12 35 47 05:30-05:45 81 23 104 11:30-11:45 .145 105 250 05:30-05:45 121 165 286 11:30-11:45 9 28 37 05:45-06:00 90 35 125 11:45-12:00 141 120 261 05:45-06:00 113 162 275 11:45-12:00 8 18 26 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00-09:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-19:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30 PM to 04:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 705 444 1149 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 623 640 1263 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.86 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.54 (M AM-D(%) 61.36 38.64 100.00 PM-D(%) 49.33 50.67 100.00 �,._,, DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30 PM to 04:30 PM 04:00 PM to 05:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 705 466 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 623 686 - AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30 PM to 04:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 705 444 1149 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 623 640 1263 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.86 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.54 AM-D(%) 61.36 38.64 100.00 PM-D(%) 49.33 50.67 100.00 NON-COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00-15:00) 6-HR,12-HR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 Total TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(06:00-12:00) 3,674 • 2,480 6,154 PEAK HR TIME 09:30 AM to 10:30 AM- AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00-12:00) 4,182 2,718 6,900 PEAK HR VOLUME 633 476 1109 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18:00) 3,242 3,474 6,716 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 4,401 5,441 9,842 PEAK HR TIME 09:30 AM to 10:30 AM 01:30 PM to 02:30 PM 24 HOUR PERIOD 8,583 8,159 16,742 PEAK HR VOLUME 633 535 D(%) 51.27 48.73 100.00 un Date: 2013/03/14Hawaii D �';. 1:�ment of Transportation Highways Division : 0 Highways Planning Survey Section 2012 Program Count-Summary 1 Site ID: B71001111732 Town: Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 16300 Functional Class: RURAL:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 11 Location: Kuakini Hwy btwn Kam III Rd Akoni Dr at 500'elevation sign TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL DATE : 06/06/2012 12:00-12:15 6 24 30 06:00-06:15 104 42 146 12:00-12:15 139 117 256 06:00-06:15 95 145 240 12:15-12:30 6 13 19 06:15-06:30 152 73 225 12:15-12:30 143 116 259 06:15-06:30 80 172 252 12:30-12:45 6 8 14 06:30-06:45 151 62 213 12:30-12:45 151 136 287 06:30-06:45 84 118 202 12:45-01:00 6 14 20 06:45-07:00 165 91 256 12:45-01:00 132 149 281 06:45-07:00 78 112 190 01:00-01:15 3 4 7 07:00-07:15 177 92 269 01:00-01:15 133 122 255 07:00-07:15 81 90 171 01:15-01:30 3 8 11 07:15-07:30 203 110 313 01:15-01:30 118 137 255 07:15-07:30 89 98 187 01:30-01:45 1 15 16 07:30-07:45 187 120 307 01:30-01:45 139 128 267 07:30-07:45 63 90 153 01:45-02:00 4 4 8 07:45-08:00 149 129 278 01:45-02:00 145 145 290 07:45-08:00 68 101 169 02:00-02:15 • 5 3 8 08:00-08:15 146 89 235 02:00-02:15 110 147 257 08:00-08:15 62 57 119 (Th 02:15-02:30 2 4 6 08:15-08:30 150 97 247 02:15-02:30 144 161 305 08:15-08:30 61 82 143 02:30-02:45 1 4 5 08:30-08:45 136 118 254 02:30-02:45 162 128 290 08:30-08:45 59 81 140 02:45-03:00 2 4 6 08:45-09:00 164 123 287 02:45-03:00 122 151 273 08:45-09:00 61 69 130 03:00-03:15 8 7 15 09:00-09:15 159 121 280 03:00-03:15 156 157 313 09:00-09:15 73 77 150 03:15-03:30 8 5 13 09:15-09:30 159 111 270 03:15-03:30 148 126 274 09:15-09:30 59 68 127 03:30-03:45 15 3 18 09:30-09:45 158 130 288 03:30-03:45 174 149 323 09:30-09:45 51 82 133 03:45-04:00 15 4 19 09:45-10:00 159 112 271 03:45-04:00 161 174 335 09:45-10:00 37 45 82 04:00-04:15 15 4 19 10:00-10:15 144 121 265 04:00-04:15 114 161 275 10:00-10:15 31 56 87 04:15-04:30 25 5 30 10:15-10:30 167 127 294 04:15-04:30 146 163 309 10:15-10:30 32 57 89 04:30-04:45 36 6 42 10:30-10:45 146 116 262 04:30-04:45 126 152 278 10:30-10:45 29 42 71 04:45-05:00 41 13 54 10:45-11:00 134 110 244 04:45-05:00 136 - 163 299 10:45-11:00 11 48 59 05:00-05:15 49 9 58 11:00-11:15 138 104 242 05:00-05:15 117 161 278 11:00-11:15 13 30 43 05:15-05:30 38 11 49 11:15-11:30 151 113 264 05:15-05:30 80 160 240 11:15-11:30 15 29 44 05:30-05:45 84 19 103 11:30-11:45 122 139 261 05:30-05:45 104 169 273 - 11:30-11:45 12 21 33 05:45-06:00 87 34 121 11:45-12:00 112 116 228 05:45-06:00 103 184 287 11:45-12:00 11 18 29 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00-09:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-19:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:00 PM to 04:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 716 451 1167 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 639 606 1245 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.99 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.46 AM-D(%) 61.35 38.65 100.00 PM-D(%) 51.33 48.67 100.00 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 06:45 AM to 07:45 AM 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:00 PM to 04:00 PM 05:00 PM to 06:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 732 451 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 639 674 AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:00 PM to 04:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 716 451 1167 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 639 606 1245 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.99 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.46 AM-D(%) 61.35 38.65 100.00 PM-D(%) 51.33 48.67 100.00 NON-COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00-15:00) 6-HR,12-HR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 Total TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(06:00-12:00) 3,633 2,566 6,199 PEAK HR TIME 01:45 PM to 02:45 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00-12:00) 4,099 2,791 6,890 PEAK HR VOLUME 561 581 1142 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18:00) 3,203 3,556 6,759 ' DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 4,458 5,344 9,802 ' PEAK HR TIME 09:00 AM to 10:00 AM 02:00 PM to 03:00 PM 24 HOUR PERIOD 8,557 8,135 16,692 PEAK HR VOLUME 635 587 D(%) 51.26 48.74 100.00 0 c--, , 1 Run Date: 2013/03/14 Hawaii Department of Transportation n Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section Vehicle Classification Data Summary 2012 Site ID: B71001111732 Route No: 11 Date From: 2012/06/05 0:00 Town: Hawaii Direction: +MP Date To: 2012/06/06 23:45 Location: Kuakini Hwy btwn Kam III Rd Akoni Dr at 500 Functional Classification: 2 RURAL:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER REPORT TOTALS-48 HOURS RECORDED VOLUME % NUMBER OF AXLES Cycles 231 0.69% 461 PC 31055 92.88% 62110 2A-4T 1738 5.20% 3477 LIGHT VEHICLE TOTALS 33024 98.77% 66048 HEAVY VEHICLES Bus 21 0.06% 53 SINGLE UNIT TRUCK 2A-6T 140 0.42% 280 3A-SU 94 0.28% 282 4A-SU 6 0.02% 24 SINGLE-TRAILER TRUCKS 4A-ST 61 0.18% 244 5A-ST 79 0.24% 395 6A-ST 5 0.02% 30 MULTI-TRAILER TRUCKS 5A-MT 1 0.00% 5 6A-MT 0 0.00% 0 7A-MT 4 0.01% 28 HEAVY VEHICLE TOTALS 411 1.23% 1341 CLASSIFIED VEHICLES TOTALS 33435(A) 100.00% 67389 (B) UNCLASSIFIED VEHICLES TOTALS -1 -0.00% AXLE CORRECTION ROADTUBE FACTOR(NC)= 0.992 EQUIVALENT(B/2)= 33694 (C) %TOTAL HPMS PEAK HOUR PEAK PEAK 24 HOUR K-FACTOR VOLUME: 1249 HOUR HOUR TRUCK %OF (PEAK/AADT) TRUCK VOLUME VOLUMEAADT AADT (ITEM 66) 2012/06/0516:00 VOLUME SINGLE UNIT (65A-1) (65A-2) TRUCKS(TYPE 4-7) 9 0.73% 129 0.79% 7.66% COMBINATION (65B-1) 16300 (65B-2) (TYPE 8-13) 3 0.24% 73 0.45% 7.66% o - \,�'I ® Traffic Data Service Traffic Station Sketch N Island:Hawaii Area:Holualoa Section ID/Station#:B71001111842 Nalani St D2 Kuakini Hwy D1 1 Lako St Meter# File Name GPS 1. bt29 D0310013 B71001111842 19.61076,-155.9657 D0310014_671001111842 Station Description: Kuakini Hwy: Nalani St to Lako St Survey Beginning Date/Time: Survey Ending Date/Time: 3/10/14 @ 0000 3/11/14 @ 2400 Survey Method: Road Tube Data Type: Class Survey Crew: LM CIB Sketch Updated: By: SR Remarks: FACILITY NAME JURI FUNC AREA ROUTE CLASS TYPE NO. MILE Kuakini Hwy 14 11 Dl=Direction to End Dl:Lake St/Palani Rd(Rte 190) D2=Direction to Begin D2:Nalani St/Kamehameha Ave(Rte 19) ( Run Date: 2015/03/09 Hawaii D , ; ', ment of Transportation CD Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section 2014 Program Count-Summary Site ID: B71001111842 Town: Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 22900 Functional Class: URBAN:PRINCIPALARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 11 . Location: Kuakini Hwy-Nalani St to Lako St TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL DATE : 03/10/2014 12:00-12:15 15 23 38 06:00-06:15 124 58 182 12:00-12:15 194 204 398 06:00-06:15 152 212 364 12:15-12:30 8 13 21 06:15-06:30 171 90 261 12:15-12:30 . 191 192 383 06:15-06:30 114 195 309 12:30-12:45 4 10 14 06:30-06:45 228 108 336 12:30-12:45 191 186 377 06:30-06:45 134 188 322 12:45-01:00 4 7 11 06:45-07:00 236 112 348 12:45-01:00 207 194 401 06:45-07:00 149 152 301 01:00-01:15 8 7 15 07:00-07:15 249 150 399 01:00-01:15 190 206 396 07:00-07:15 120 170 290 01:15-01:30 6 3 9 07:15-07:30 251 212 463 01:15-01:30 175 235 410 07:15-07:30 92 137 229 01:30-01:45 8 9 17 07:30-07:45 206 245 451 01:30-01:45 202 254 456 07:30-07:45 117 139 256 01:45-02:00 5 5 10 07:45-08:00 224 200 424 01:45-02:00 215 247 462 07:45-08:00 98 130 228 02:00-02:15 4 14 18 08:00-08:15 -225 177 402 02:00-02:15 217 215 432 08:00-08:15 74 128 • 202 02:15-02:30 5 5 10 08:15-08:30 251 183 434 02:15-02.309 1 8 228 426 08:15-08:30 86 109 195 02:30-02:45 5 2 7 08:30-08:45 257 183 440 02:30-02:45 208 232 440 08:30-08:45 68 114 182 02:45-03:00 7 4 11 08:45-09:00 252 177 429 02:45-03:00 214 239 453 08:45-09:00 71 93 164 03:00-03:15 6 8 14 09:00-09:15 . 228 161 389 03:00-03:15 215 254 469 09:00-09:15 77 113 190 03:15-03:30 14 5 19 09:15-09:30 226 173 399 03:15-03:30 235 227 462 09:15-09:30 54 101 155 03:30-03:45 17 6 23 09:30-09:45 235 185 420 03:30-03:45 251 254 505 09:30-09:45 59 95 154 03:45-04:00 17 5 22 09:45-10:00 239 177 416 03:45-04:00 258 245 503 09:45-10:00 44 90 134 04:00-04:15 19 7 26 10:00-10:15 236 155 391 04:00-04:15 240 253 493 10:00-10:15 35 73 108 04:15-04:30 31 3 34 10:15-10:30 217 176 393 04:15-04:30 210 253 463 10:15-10:30 37 54 91 04:30-04:45 27 14 41 10:30-10:45 228 191 419 04:30-04:45 222 256 478 10:30-10:45 22 52 74 04:45-05:00 34 15 49 10:45-11:00 238 189 427 04:45-05:00 227 268 495 10:45-11:00 23 52 75 05:00-05:15 48 24 72 11:00-11:15 197 191 388 05:00-05:15 199 240 439 11:00-11:15 19 40 59 05:15-05:30 57 20 77 11:15-11:30 191 176 367 05:15-05:30 174 257 431 11:15-11:30 17 29 46 05:30-05:45 113 28 141 11:30-11:45 202 217 419 05:30-05:45 163 238 401 11:30-11:45 15 24 39 05:45-06:00 109 46 155 11:45-12:00 222 173 395 05:45-06:00 155 252 407 11:45-12:00 9 25 34 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00-09:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-19:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30 PM to 04:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 906 834 1740 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 959 1005 1964 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.95 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.85 n AM-D(%) 52.07 47.93 100.00 PM-D(%) 48.83 51.17 100.00 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 08:00 AM to 09:00 AM 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:15 PM to 04:15 PM 04:00 PM to 05:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 985 834 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 984 1030 AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30 PM to 04:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 906 834 1740 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 959 1005 1964 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.95 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.85 AM-D(%) 52.07 47.93 100.00 PM-D(%) 48.83 51.17 100.00 NON-COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00-15:00) 6-HR,12-HR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 Total TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(06:00-12:00) 5,333 4,059 9,392 PEAK HR TIME 01:30 PM to 02:30 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00-12:00) 5,904 4,342 10,246 PEAK HR VOLUME 832 944 1776 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18:00) 4,951 5,629 10,580 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 6,637 8,144 14,781 PEAK HR TIME 09:15 AM to 10:15 AM 01:15 PM to 02:15 PM 24 HOUR PERIOD 12,541 12,486 25,027 PEAK HR VOLUME 936 951 D(%) 50.11 49.89 100.00 ( )un Date: 2015/03/09 Hawaii D �imnt of Transportation \ / Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section 2014 Program Count-Summary Site ID: B71 001 1 1 1 842 Town: Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 22900 Functional Class: URBAN:PRINCIPALARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 11 Location: Kuakini Hwy-Nalani St to Lako St . TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL DATE: 03/11/2014 12:00-12:15 9 17 26 06:00-06:15 151 56 207 12:00-12:15 189 178 367 06:00-06:15 141 202 343 12:15-12:30 9 12 21 06:15-06:30 184 98 282 12:15-12:30 209 199 408 06:15-06:30 133 226 359 12:30-12:45 1 11 12 06:30-06:45 216 110 326 12:30-12:45 191 169 360 06:30-06:45 126 207 333 12:45-01:00 7 8 15 06:45-07:00 224 114 338 12:45-01:00 206 223 429 06:45-07:00 129 172 301 01:00-01:15 7 7 14 07:00-07:15 264 139 403 01:00-01:15 159 224 383 07:00-07:15 106 169 275 01:15-01:30 5 10 15 07:15-07:30 240 221 461 01:15-01:30 199 211 410 07:15-07:30 103 132 235 01:30-01:45 2 7 9 07:30-07:45 249 237 486 01:30-01:45 208 215 423 07:30-07:45 90 143 233 01:45-02:00 0 6 6 07:45-08:00 205 184 389 01:45-02:00 193 192 385 07:45-08:00 93 139 232 02:00-02:15 7 8 15 08:00-08:15 197 175 372 02:00-02:15 185 237 422 08:00-08:15 70 129 199 `._ 02:15-02:30 6 7 13 08:15-08:30 235 188 423 02:15-02:30 194 236 430 08:15-08:30 88 103 191 02:30-02:45 6 2 8 08:30-08:45 250 189 439 02:30-02:45 180 245 425 08:30-08:45 77 113 190 02:45-03:00 7 3 10 08:45-09:00 216 164 380 02:45-03:00 208 233 441 08:45-09:00 86 127 213 03:00-03:15 9 8 17 09:00-09:15 196 167 363 03:00-03:15 247 239 486 09:00-09:15 81 112 193 03:15-03:30 6 2 8 09:15-09:30 248 152 400 03:15-03:30 251 256 507 09:15-09:30 69 121 190 03:30-03:45 14 5 19 09:30-09:45 223 159 382 03:30-03:45 245 198 443 09:30-09:45 55 107 162 03:45-04:00 23 4 27 09:45-10:00 254 165 419 03:45-04:00 248 256 504 09:45-10:00 45 87 132 04:00-04:15 17 8 25 10:00-10:15 224 151 375 04:00-04:15 249 251 500 10:00-10:15 27 84 111 04:15-04:30 27 8 35 10:15-10:30 219 177 396 04:15-04:30 216 238 454 10:15-10:30 25 71 96 04:30-04:45 31 20 51 10:30-10:45 207 147 354 04:30-04:45 229 268 497 10:30-10:45 29 53 82 04:45-05:00 42 16 58 10:45-11:00 226 220 446 04:45-05:00 242 229 471 10:45-11:00 16 56 72 05:00-05:15 71 21 92 11:00-11:15 203 174 377 05:00-05:15 200 270 470 11:00-11:15 14 30 44 05:15-05:30 71 33 104 11:15-11:30 224 174 398 05:15-05:30 199 276 475 11:15-11:30 25 25 50 05:30-05:45 112 39 151 11:30-11:45 209 194 403 05:30-05:45 172 245 417 11:30-11:45 13 24 37 05:45-06:00 119 60 179 11:45-12:00 189 164 353 05:45-06:00 143 225 368 11:45-12:00 6 22 28 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00-09:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-19:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:45 PM to 04:45 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 958 781 1739 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 942 1013 1955 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.99 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.86 AM-D(%) 55.09 44.91 100.00 PM-D(%) 48.18 51.82 100.00 \_ ) DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 06:45 AM to 07:45 AM 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:15 PM to 04:15 PM 04:30 PM to 05:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 977 817 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 993 1043 AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:45 PM to 04:45 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 958 781 1739 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 942 1013 1955 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.99 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.86 AM-D(%) 55.09 44.91 100.00 PM-D(%) 48.18 51.82 100.00 NON-COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00-15:00) 6-HR,12-HR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 Total TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(06:00-12:00) 5,253 3,919 9,172 PEAK HR TIME 02:00 PM to 03:00 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00-12:00) 5,861 4,241 10,102 PEAK HR VOLUME 767 951 1718 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18:00) 4,962 5,513 10,475 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 6,609 8,167 14,776 PEAK HR TIME 09:15 AM to 10:15 AM 02:00 PM to 03:00 PM 24 HOUR PERIOD 12,470 12,408 24,878 PEAK HR VOLUME 949 951 D(%) 50.12 49.88 100.00 . 1 i 5\F� ' 0 0 Run Date: 2015/03/19 Hawaii Department of Transportation Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section Vehicle Classification Data Summary 2014 Site ID: B71001111842 Route No: 11 Date From: 2014/03/10 0:00 Town: Hawaii Direction: +MP Date To: 2014/03/11 23:45 Location: Kuakini Hwy-Nalani St to Lako St Functional Classification: 14 URBAN:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER REPORT TOTALS-48 HOURS RECORDED VOLUME % NUMBER OF AXLES Cycles 494 0.99% 988 PC 37689 75.52% 75378 2A-4T 10753 21.55% 21506 LIGHT VEHICLE TOTALS 48936 98.06% 97872 HEAVY VEHICLES Bus 174 0.35% 435 SINGLE UNIT TRUCK 2A-6T 116 0.23% 232 3A-SU 241 0.48% 723 0- 4A-SU 60 0.12% 240 SINGLE-TRAILER TRUCKS 4A-ST 203 0.41% 812 5A-ST 62 0.12% 310 6A-ST 36 0.07% 216 MULTI-TRAILER TRUCKS 5A-MT 26 0.05% 130 6A-MT 5 0.01% 30 7A-MT 48 0.10% 336 HEAVY VEHICLE TOTALS 971 1.95% 3464 CLASSIFIED VEHICLES TOTALS 49907(A) 100.00% 101336 (8) . UNCLASSIFIED VEHICLES TOTALS -2 -0.00% AXLE CORRECTION ROADTUBE FACTOR(A/C)= 0.985 EQUIVALENT(B/2)= 50668 (C) %TOTAL HPMS PEAK HOUR PEAK PEAK 24 HOUR K-FACTOR VOLUME: i940 HOUR HOUR TRUCK %OF (PEAK/AADT) 2014/03/11 15:00 TRUCK VOLUME VOLUME AADT AADT (ITEM 66) VOLUME SINGLE UNIT (65A-1) (65A-2) TRUCKS(TYPE 4-7) 45 2.32% 295 1.29% 8.47% COMBINATION (65B-1) 22900 (65B-2) (TYPE 8-13) 28 1.44% 190 0.83% 8.47% \`�Y i C 0 ISLAND: HAWAII AREA: HOLUALOA TO NALANI STREET E- D-2 KUAKINI HIGHWAY ROUTE 11 7 D-1 TO LAKO ROAD --> _> CHRYSLER NISSAN CAR DEALERSHIP CAR DEALERSHIP Station No: B71 0011 11842 Station Location: { :4 T 1 r . imG M� i ,0,1 '1 ti._rc7� R t t�.r ra �...rn�i a_t, M _-ii , uvL.. 1 <A_ 1Lr l � =as :: � l ._ 24,i i•:ii' Kuakini Highway between Nalani Street and Lako Street Station Mileage: 118.84 GPS Coord (Latitude): 19.610008 N PipREL"A :I - a " `'-GPS Coord (Longitude): 155.965294 W Begin Surrey (Date/Time): 6-16-14 0000 End Survey (Date/Time): 6-19-14 0000 Survey Method: LOOP HOSE OTHER Survey Type: VOL CLASS SPEED OTHER Surrey Crew: FIELD CREW Module No.: HPMS DATA Segment Description: a N 3 KUAKINI HIGHWAY -SUNSET DRIVE TO LAKO ROAD Segment Begin LRS 117.13 Segment End LRS 119.13 Length 2.00 Func Area Route D-1 = Direction to End of Route Facility Name Juris Class Type YP No. Mile D-2 = Direction to Beginning of Route D-1 TO PALANI ROAD KUAKINI HIGHWAY S 2 1 11 118.84 D-2 TO KAMEHAMEHA AVENUE Sketch By: RG Date: 2/6/2014 SLD: 2003 /Th (r iun Date: 2015/07/22 Hawaii D Il,i,, ent of Transportation0 1 Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section 2014 Program Count-Summary Site ID: B71001111842 Town: Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 22900 Functional Class: URBAN:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type:VOLUME Counter Type:Tube Route No: 11 Location: Kuakini Hwy-Nalani St to Lako St TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL DATE : 06/17/2014 12:00-12:15 18 7 25 06:00-06:15 52 142 194 12:00-12:15 160 183 343 06:00-06:15 176 155 331 12:15-12:30 15 14 29 06:15-06:30 86 178 264 12:15-12:30 208 164 372 06:15-06:30 220 134 354 12:30-12:45 21 6 27 06:30-06:45 100 210 310 12:30-12:45 175 164 339 06:30-06:45 191 116 307 12:45-01:00 8 8 16 06:45-07:00 122 238 360 12:45-01:00 194 174 368 06:45-07:00 162 96 258 01:00-01:15 5 11 16 07:00-07:15 118 213 331 01:00-01:15 200 160 360 07:00-07:15 158 88 246 01:15-01:30 10 4 14 07:15-07:30 162 246 408 01:15-01:30 186 201 387 07:15-07:30 151 104 255 01:30-01:45 4 2 6 07:30-07:45 218 239 457 01:30-01:45 202 189 391 07:30-07:45 120 110 230 01:45-02:00 5 5 10 07:45-08:00 234 247 481 01:45-02:00 202 "204 406 07:45-08:00 126 96 222 02:00-02:15 2 8 10 08:00-08:15 176 198 374 02:00-02:15 220 180 400 08:00-08:15 92 82 174 C(_ 02:15-02:30 3 6 9 08:15-08:30 204 200 404 02:15-02:30 208 179 387 08:15-08:30 132 91 223 02:30-02:45 6 2 8 08:30-08:45 178 198 376 02:30-02:45 198 215 413 08:30-08:45 121 80 201 02:45-03:00 2 5 7 08:45-09:00 162 209 371 02:45-03:00 210 176 386 08:45-09:00 101 59 160 03:00-03:15 7 6 13 09:00-09:15 176 206 382 03:00-03:15 226 182 408 09:00-09:15 101 59 160 03:15-03:30 6 8 14 09:15-09:30 168 217 385 03:15-03:30 241 226 467 09:15-09:30 97 67 164 03:30-03:45 3 5 8 09:30-09:45 157 216 373 03:30-03:45 222 208 430 09:30-09:45 117 60 177 03:45-04:00 8 14 22 09:45-10:00 168 226 394 03:45-04:00 256 209 465 09:45-10:00 100 62 162 04:00-04:15 6 12 18 10:00-10:15 149 191 340 04:00-04:15 254 202 456 10:00-10:15 65 42 107 04:15-04:30 3 34 37 10:15-10:30 150 206 356 04:15-04:30 249 208 457 10:15-10:30 73 42 115 • 04:30-04:45 10 32 42 10:30-10:45 158 193 351 04:30-04:45 249 191 440 10:30-10:45 70 32 102 04:45-05:00 18 31 49 10:45-11:00 172 212 384 04:45-05:00 266 217 483 10:45-11:00 39 30 69 05:00-05:15 16 52 68 11:00-11:15 153 206 359 05:00-05:15 235 190 425 11:00-11:15 45 24 69 05:15-05:30 39 70 109 11:15-11:30 179 204 383 05:15-05:30 230 166 396 11:15-11:30 43 16 59 05:30-05:45 34 88 122 11:30-11:45 184 198 382 05:30-05:45 234 150 384 11:30-11:45 31 18 49 05:45-06:00 50 112 162 11:45-12:00 190 176 366 05:45-06:00 203 154 357 11:45-12:00 22 6 28 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00-09:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-19:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:00 PM to 05:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 790 930 1720 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 1018 818 1836 / AM-K FACTOR(%) 7.30 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.79 AM-D(%) 45.93 54.07 100.00 PM-D(%) 55.45 44.55 100.00 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:30 AM to 08:30 AM 07:00 AM to 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:00 PM to 05:00 PM 03:15 PM to 04:15 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 832 945 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 1018 845 . AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:00 PM to 05:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 790 930 1720 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 1018 818 1836 AM-K FACTOR(%) 7.30 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.79 AM-D(%) 45.93 54.07 100.00 PM-D(%) 55.45 44.55 100.00 NON-COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00-15:00) 6-HR,12-HR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 Total TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(06:00-12:00) 3,816 4,969 8,785 PEAK HR TIME 01:45 PM to 02:45 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00-12:00) 4,115 5,511 9,626 PEAK HR VOLUME 828 778 1606 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18:00) 5,228 4,492 9,720 DIRECTIONAL PEAK • PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 7,781 6,161 13,942 PEAK HR TIME 02:00 PM to 03:00 PM 09:00 AM to 10:00 AM 24 HOUR PERIOD 11,896 11,672 23,568 PEAK HR VOLUME 836 865 D(%) 50.48 49.52 100.00 1 n un Date: 2015/07/22 Hawaii D4![ II: ment of Transportation Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section • 2014 Program Count-Summary Site ID: B71001111842 Town: Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 22900 Functional Class: URBAN:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type:VOLUME Counter Type:Tube Route No: 11 Location: Kuakini Hwy-Nalani St to Lako St TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL DATE: 06/18/2014 12:00-12:15 18 12 30 06:00-06:15 46 129 175 12:00-12:15 192 208 400 06:00-06:15 186 126 312 12:15-12:30 22 6 28 06:15-06:30 95 170 265 12:15-12:30 180 192 372 06:15-06:30 192 120 312 12:30-12:45 17 8 25 06:30-06:45 81 230 311 12:30-12:45 184 182 366 06:30-06:45 191 126 317 12:45-01:00 8 7 15 06:45-07:00 118 262 380 12:45-01:00 212 178 390 06:45-07:00 163 97 260 01:00-01:15 6 0 6 07:00-07:15 114 200 314 01:00-01:15 188 162 350 07:00-07:15 142 104 246 01:15-01:30 6 4 10 07:15-07:30 168 226 394 01:15-01:30 181 188 369 07:15-07:30 164 103 267 01:30-01:45 7 3 10 07:30-07:45 191 212 403 01:30-01:45 216 199 415 07:30-07:45 146 98 244 01:45-02:00 3 2 5 07:45-08:00 198 229 427 01:45-02:00 211 189 400 07:45-08:00 127 102 229 /—'� 02:00-02:15 15 6 21 08:00-08:15 172 208 380 02:00-02:15 217 166 383 08:00-08:15 133 72 205 02:15-02:30 6 6 12 08:15-08:30 160 186 346 02:15-02:30 206 220 426 08:15-08:30 113 62 175 02:30-02:45 4 6 10 08:30-08:45 182 200 382 02:30-02:45 214 230 444 08:30-08:45 119 92 211 02:45-03:00 8 7 15 08:45-09:00 173 230 403 02:45-03:00 214 177 391 08:45-09:00 84 58 142 03:00-03:15 8 8 16 09:00-09:15 144 191 335 03:00-03:15 236 196 432 09:00-09:15 100 - 64 164 03:15-03:30 6 14 20 09:15-09:30 166 226 392 03:15-03:30 231 216 447 09:15-09:30 110 60 170 03:30-03:45 6 9 15 09:30-09:45 166 226 392 03:30-03:45 253 179 432 09:30-09:45 87 66 153 • 03:45-04:00 6 18 24 09:45-10:00 172 204 376 03:45-04:00 229 240 469 09:45-10:00 102 63 165 04:00-04:15 4 22 26 10:00-10:15 184 218 402 04:00-04:15 232 225 457 10:00-10:15 84 50 134 04:15-04:30 6 18 24 10:15-10:30 164 204 368 04:15-04:30 248 186 434 10:15-10:30 86 49 135 04:30-04:45 12 27 39 10:30-10:45 193 178 371 04:30-04:45 276 174 450 10:30-10:45 77 22 99 04:45-05:00 14 42 56 10:45-11:00 176 220 396 04:45-05:00 234 232 466 10:45-11:00 58 30 88 05:00-05:15 11 55 66 11:00-11:15 188 173 361 05:00-05:15 244 202 446 11:00-11:15 51 32 83 05:15-05:30 27 62 89 11:15-11:30 206 192 398 05:15-05:30 250 190 440 11:15-11:30 44 18 62 05:30-05:45 42 68 110 11:30-11:45 181 192 373 05:30-05:45 214 132 346 11:30-11:45 27 21 48 05:45-06:00 54 133 187 11:45-12:00 168 170 338 05:45-06:00 204 148 352 11:45-12:00 28 12 40 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00-09:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-19:00) DIR 1 - DIR 2 TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK • AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:45 PM to 04:45 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 729 875 1604 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 985 825 1810 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.77 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.64 ED AM-D(%) 45.45 54.55 100.00 PM-D(%) 54.42 45.58 100.00 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM 06:30 AM to 07:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:30 PM to 05:30 PM 03:15 PM to 04:15 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 729 918 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 1004 860 AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:45 PM to 04:45 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 729 875 1604 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 985 825 1810 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.77 PM-K FACTOR(%) 7.64 AM-D(%) 45.45 54.55 100.00 PM-D(%) 54.42 45.58 100.00 NON-COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00-15:00) 6-HR,12-HR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 Total TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK ` AM 6-HR PERIOD(06:00-12:00) 3,806 4,876 8,682 PEAK HR TIME 01:45 PM to 02:45 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00-12:00) 4,122 5,419 9,541 PEAK HR VOLUME 848 805 1653 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18:00) 5,266 4,611 9,877 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 7,880 6,258 14,138 PEAK HR TIME 02:00 PM to 03:00 PM 09:15 AM to 10:15 AM 24 HOUR PERIOD 12,002 11,677 23,679 PEAK HR VOLUME 851 874 D(%) 50.69 49.31 100.00 0 0 r Traffic Data Service I\ Traffic Station Sketch N Island:Hawaii Area:Kona Section ID/Station#: B71018600408 Laaloa Avenue D2 4 Alii Drive D1 6 1 Queen Kalama Avenue Meter# File Name— GPS 1. CH58 D0309007 871018600408 19.58884,-155.9715 D0309008 B71018600408 Station Description: Alii Drive: Laaloa Avenue to Queen Kalama Avenue Survey Beginning Date/Time: Survey Ending Date/Time: 3/9/14 @ 0000 3/10/14@ 2400 Survey Method: Road Tube Data Type: Class Survey Crew: LM CIB Sketch Updated: By: SR Remarks: 1346 FACILITY NAME 7URI FUNC AREA ROUTE CLASS TYPE NO. MILE Alii Drive 17 0186 D1=Direction to End Dl:Queen Kalama Avenue/Mama]ahoa Bypass D2=Direction to Begin D2:Laaloa Avenue/Kuakini Highway r, EDun Date: 2015/03/16 Hawaii DC',I.Iment of Transportation O Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section 2014 Program Count-Summary Site ID: B71018600408 Town: Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 6300 Functional Class: URBAN:COLLECTOR Count Type:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 186 Location: Alii Dr-Laaloa Ave to Queen Kalama Ave TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL DATE: 03/10/2014 12:00-12:15 2 7 9 06:00-06:15 14 5 19 12:00-12:15 64 61 125 06:00-06:15 57 60 117 12:15-12:30 3 0 3 06:15-06:30 13 24 37 12:15-12:30 53 69 122 06:15-06:30 57 49 106 12:30-12:45 2 1 3 06:30-06:45 18 33` 51 12:30-12:45 55 52 107 06:30-06:45 56 46 102 12:45-01:00 0 1 1 06:45-07:00 34 29 63 12:45-01:00 59 65 124 06:45-07:00 51 52 103 01:00-01:15 3 3 6 07:00-07:15 27 39 66 01:00-01:15 64 54 118 07:00-07:15 39 48 87 01:15-01:30 3 0 3 07:15-07:30 42 38 80 01:15-01:30 63 52 115 07:15-07:30 41 37 78 01:30-01:45 3 1 4 07:30-07:45 74 40 114 01:30-01:45 70 72 142 07:30-07:45 23 35 58 01:45-02:00 3 3 6 07:45-08:00 61 46 107 01:45-02:00 65 80 145 07:45-08:00 29 35 64 02:00-02:15 1 1 2 08:00-08:15 57 44 101 02:00-02:15 77 59 136 08:00-08:15 26 26 52 02:15-02:30 2 1 3 08:15-08:30 38 58 96 02:15-02:30 58 67 125 08:15-08:30 - 29 33 62 02:30-02:45 2 0 2 08:30-08:45 48 54 102 02:30-02:45 77 59 136 08:30-08:45 35 20 55 02:45-03:00 0 1 1 08:45-09:00 53 44 97 02:45-03:00 66 56 122 08:45-09:00 25 21 46 03:00-03:15 3 1 4 09:00-09:15 45 58 103 03:00-03:15 56 76 132 09:00-09:15 29 16 45 03:15-03:30 2 1 3 09:15-09:30 54 51 105 03:15-03:30 67 70 137 09:15-09:30 22 13 35 03:30-03:45 0 1 1 09:30-09:45 51 46 97 03:30-03:45 65 81 146 09:30-09:45 20 16 36 03:45-04:00 2 1 3 09:45-10:00 55 42 97 03:45-04:00 85 68 153 09:45-10:00 15 14 29 04:00-04:15 1 3 4 10:00-10:15 60 69 129 04:00-04:15 64 65 129 10:00-10:15 19 15 34 04:15-04:30 1 1 2 10:15-10:30 50 76 126 04:15-04:30 69 70 139 10:15-10:30 12 15 27 04:30-04:45 1 2 3 10:30-10:45 61 60 121 04:30-04:45 80 59 139 10:30-10:45 17 8 25 04:45-05:00 5 4 9 10:45-11:00 62 55 117 04:45-05:00 72 64 136 - 10:45-11:00 5 —5 10 05:00-05:15 4 6 10 11:00-11:15 56 58 114 05:00-05:15 71 54 125 11:00-11:15 8 5 13 05:15-05:30 4 4 8 11:15-11:30 57 62 119 05:15-05:30 79 60 139 11:15-11:30 4 7 11 05:30-05:45 6 9 15 11:30-11:45 47 66 113 05:30-05:45 59 61 120 11:30-11:45 2 4 6 05:45-06:00 17 8 25 11:45-12:00 53 58 111 05:45-06:00 77 53 130 11:45-12:00 3 5 8 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00-09:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-19:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:30 AM to 08:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:00 PM to 04:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 230 188 418 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 273 295 568 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.18 PM-K FACTOR(%) 8.39 ' AM-D(%) 55.02 44.98 100.00 PM-D(%) 48.06 51.94 .-.100.00 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK ' AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM 07:45 AM to 08:45 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:30 PM to 05:30 PM 03:00 PM to 04:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 234 202 - PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 302' 295 - AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK • AM-PEAK HR TIME 10:00 AM to 11:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:00 PM to 04:00 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME • 233 260 493 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 273 295 568 AM-K FACTOR(%) 7.29 PM-K FACTOR(%) 8.39 AM-D(%) 47.26 52.74 100.00 PM-D(%) 48.06 51.94 100.00 NON-COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00-15:00) • 6-HR,12-HR,24-HR PERIODS , DIR 1 DIR 2 Total TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(06:00-12:00) 1,130 1,155 2,285 PEAK HR TIME 01:30 PM to 02:30 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00-12:00) 1,200 1,215 2,415 PEAK HR VOLUME 270 278 548 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18:00) 1,615 1,527 3,142 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 2,239 2,112 4,351 - PEAK HR TIME 02:00 PM to 03:00 PM 01:30 PM to 02:30 PM 24 HOUR PERIOD 3,439 3,327 6,766 PEAK HR VOLUME 278 278 D(%) 50.83 49.17 100.00 Run Date: 2015/03/16 Hawaii D !1'}ill went of Transportation0 Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section 2014 Program Count-Summary Site ID: 871018600408 Town: Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 6300 Functional Class: URBAN:COLLECTOR Count Type:CLASS _ Counter Type:Tube Route No: 186 Location: Alii Dr-Laaloa Ave to Queen Kalama Ave TIME-AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME=AM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TIME-PM DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL DATE : 03/11/2014 • 12:00-12:15 7 3 10 06:00-06:15 15 9 24 12:00-12:15 52 55 107 06:00-06:15 51 46 97 12:15-12:30 2 1 3 06:15-06:30 14 24 38 12:15-12:30 44 70 114 06:15-06:30 45 42 87 12:30-12:45 1 1 2 06:30-06:45 20 25 45 12:30-12:45 63 63 126 06:30-06:45 46 50 96 12:45-01:00 4 0 4 06:45-07:00 38 26 64 12:45-01:00 68 70 138 06:45-07:00 47 42 89 01:00-01:15 0 1 1 07:00-07:15 34 39 73 01:00-01:15 55 66 121 07:00-07:15 41 37 78 01:15-01:30 0 1 1 07:15-07:30 46 54 100 01:15-01:30 55 58 113 07:15-07:30 31 35 66 01:30-01:45 4 1 5 07:30-07:45 63 49 112 01:30-01:45 72 82 154 07:30-07:45 38 33 71 01:45-02:00 3 0 3 07:45-08:00 74 45 119 01:45-02:00 58 60 118 07:45-08:00 38 26 64 /^� 02:00-02:15 0 0 0 08:00-08:15 53 46 99 02:00-02:15 71 69 140 08:00-08:15 44 18 62 f 02:15-02:30 2 1 3 08:15-08:30 44 60 104 02:15-02:30 62 65 127 08:15-08:30 32 23 55 02:30-02:45 0 1 1 08:30-08:45 45 46 91 02:30-02:45 -. 69 59 128 08:30-08:45 27 20 47 02:45-03:00 1 0 1 08:45-09:00 50 - 60 . 110 02:45-03:00 88 53 141 08:45-09:00 32 26 58 03:00-03:15 1 1 2 09:00-09:15 56 56 112 03:00-03:15 71 49 120 09:00-09:15 23 37 60 03:15-03:30 2 0 2 09:15-09:30 50 52 102 03:15-03:30 67 76 143 09:15-09:30 29 21 50 03:30-03:45 1 0 1 09:30-09:45 61 39 100 03:30-03:45 75 70 145 09:30-09:45 12 16 28 . 03:45-04:00 1 2 3 09:45-10:00 68 66 134 03:45-04:00 57 73 130 09:45-10:00 13 17 30 04:00-04:15 0 4 4 10:00-10:15 60 66 126 04:00-04:15 62 67 129 10:00-10:15 10 12 22 04:15-04:30 3 0 3 10:15-10:30 59 55 114 04:15-04:30 73 65 138 .10:15-10:30 12 11 23 04:30-04:45 4 1 5 10:30-10:45 52 61 113 04:30-04:45 69 84 153 10:30-10:45 12 8 20 04:45-05:00 4 3 7 10:45-11:00 57 51 108 04:45-05:00 78 52 130 10:45-11:00 9 9 18 05:00-05:15 2 8 10 11:00-11:15 65 65 130 05:00-05:15 65 63 128 11:00-11:15 13 5 18 05:15-05:30 4 6 10 11:15-11:30 55 59 114 05:15-05:30 88 63 151 11:15-11:30 5 6 11 05:30-05:45 9 18 27 11:30-11:45 66 52 118 05:30-05:45 79 69 148 11:30-11:45 5 4 9 05:45-06:00 11 3 14 11:45-12:00 68 62 130 05:45-06:00 53 50 103 11:45-12:00 8 2 10 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00-09:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-19:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:30 AM to 08:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:30 PM to 05:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 234 200 434 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 300 262 562 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.37 PM-K FACTOR(%) 8.25 . AM-D(%) 53.92 46.08 100.00 PM-D(%) 53.38 46.62 100.00 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:15 AM to 08:15 AM 08:00 AM to 09:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:45 PM to 05:45 PM 03:45 PM to 04:45 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 236 212 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 310 289 AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 11:00 AM to 12:00 PM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:30 PM to 05:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 254 238 492 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 300 262 562 AM-K FACTOR(%) 7.22 PM-K FACTOR(%) 8.25 AM-D(%) 51.63 48.37 100.00 PM-D(%) 53.38 46.62 100.00 NON-COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00-15:00) 6-HR,12-HR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 Total TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(06:00-12:00) 1,213 1,167 2,380 PEAK HR TIME 01:30 PM to 02:30 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00-12:00) 1,279 1,223 2,502 PEAK HR VOLUME 263 276 539 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18:00) 1,594 1,551 3,145 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 2,217 2,097 4,314 PEAK HR TIME 02:00 PM to 03:00 PM 12:45 PM to 01:45 PM 24 HOUR PERIOD 3,496 3,320 6,816 PEAK HR VOLUME 290 276 D(%) 51.29 48.71 100.00 0 n Run Date: 2015/03/20 Hawaii Department of Transportation 0 Highways Division Highways Planning Survey Section Vehicle Classification Data Summary 2014 Site ID: B71018600408 Route No: 186 Date From: 2014/03/10 0:00 Town: Hawaii Direction: +MP Date To: 2014/03/11 23:45 Location: Alii Dr-Laaloa Ave to Queen Kalama Ave Functional Classification: 17 URBAN:COLLECTOR REPORT TOTALS-48 HOURS RECORDED VOLUME % NUMBER OF AXLES Cycles 500 3.68% 1000 PC 10490 77.23% 20980 2A-4T 2325 17.12% 4650 LIGHT VEHICLE TOTALS 13315 98.03% 26630 HEAVY VEHICLES Bus 37 0.27% 92 SINGLE UNIT TRUCK 2A-6T 87 0.64% 174 3A-SU 57 0.42% 171 0 4A-SU 19 0.14% 76 SINGLE-TRAILER TRUCKS 4A-ST 33 0.24% 132 5A-ST 12 0.09% 60 6A-ST 0 0.00% 0 MULTI-TRAILER TRUCKS 5A-MT 1 0.01% 5 6A-MT 12 0.09% 72 7A-MT 9 0.07% 63 HEAVY VEHICLE TOTALS 267 1.97% 845 CLASSIFIED VEHICLES TOTALS 13582(A) 100.00% 27475 (B) UNCLASSIFIED VEHICLES TOTALS 0 0.00% AXLE CORRECTION ROADTUBE FACTOR(A/C)- 0.989 EQ UIVALENT(B/2)= 13738 (C) - %TOTAL HPMS PEAK HOUR PEAK PEAK 24 HOUR K-FACTOR VOLUME: 568 HOUR HOUR TRUCK %OF (PEAK/AADT) TRUCK VOLUME VOLUME AADT AADT (ITEM 66) 2014/03/1015:00 VOLUME SINGLE UNIT (65A-1) (65A-2) TRUCKS(TYPE 4-7) 10 1.76% 100 1.59% 9.02% COMBINATION (656-1) 6300 (65B-2) (TYPE 8-13) 2 0.35% 33 0.52% 9.02% SSFM inte IJ Tonal, Inc 501 Sumner Street, Suite 620 Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 (808) 531-1308 File Name : 160503 Alli Drive and Laaloa Ave AM Site Code : 00000001 Start Date : 5/3/2016 Page No : 1. Groups Printed-Passenger Vehicles-Bikes-Heavy Vehicles Alii Drive La'aloa Avenue Ali'i Drive Southbound Westbound. Northbound Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Int.Total?-\ 07:00 AM 9 31 0 3 43 3 0 27 1' 31 0 53 3 2 58 0 0 0 0 0 132 __.! 07:15 AM 10 45 0 4 59 10 0 33 1 44 0 57 8 4 69 0 0 0 0 0 172 07:30 AM 15 47 0 7 69 6 0 41 1 48 0 51 5 " 7 63 0 0 0 3 3 183 07:45 AM 17 51 0 4 . 72 8 0 15 0 ' 23 0 50 4 3 57 0 0 0 1 1 153 Total 51 174 0 18 243 27 0 116 3 146 0 211 20 16 247 0 0 0 4 4 640 08:00 AM 6 33 0 3 42 15 0 13 0 28 0 51 4 5 60 0 0 0 1 1 131 08:15 AM 13 33 0 10 56 12 0 11 3 26 0 42 8 6 56 0 0 0 0 0 138 08:30 AM 6 48 0 5 59 7 0 20 2 29 0 37 3 4 44 0 0 0 1 1 133 08:45 AM 9 36 0 4 49 6 0 10 0 16 0 47 9 1 57 0 0 0 1 1 123 Total 34 150 0 22 206 40 0 54 5 99 0 177 24 16 217 0 0 0 3 3 525 Grand Total 85 324 0 40 449 67 0 170 8 245 0 388 44 32 464 0 0 0 7 7 1165 Apprch% 18.9 72.2 0 8.9 27.3 0 69.4 3.3 0 83.6 9.5 6.9 0 0 0 100 Total% 7.3 27.8 0 3.4 38.5 5.8 0 14.6 0.7 21 0 33.3 3.8 2.7 39.8 0 0 0 0.6 0.6 Passenger Vehicles 83 309 0 37 429 67 0 162 8 237 0 369 42 32 443 0 0 0 7 7 1116 %Passenger Vehicles 97.6 95.4 0 92.5 95.5 100 0 95.3 100 96.7 0 95.1 95.5 100 95.5 0 0 0 100 100 95.8 Bikes 0 8 0 3 11 0 0 6 0 6 0 10 1 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 28 %Bikes 0 2.5 0 7.5 2.4 0 0 3.5. 0 2.4 . 0 2.6 2.3 0 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 2.4 Heavy Vehicles 2 7 0 0 9 0 0 2 0 2 0 9 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 21 %Heavy Vehicles 2.4 2.2 0 0 2 0 0 1.2 0 0.8 0 2.3 2.3 0 2.2 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 ^ � l� 1 CI) SSFM Ince d'il ionai, Inc 0 • 501 Sumner Street, Suite 620 Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 (808) 531-1308 File Name : 160503 Alli Drive and Laaloa Ave AM Site Code : 00000001 Start Date : 5/3/2016 Page No : 2 Ali'i Drive La'aloa Avenue AIi'i Drive Southbound Westbound Northbound Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App.Total .Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Int.Tota Peak Hour Analysis From 07:00 AM to 08:45 AM-Peak 1 of 1 ,- Peak Hour for Entire Intersection Begins at 07:00 AM 07:00 AM 9 31 0 3 43 3 0 27 1 31 0 53 3 2 58 0 0 0 0 0 132 07:15 AM 10 45 0 4 59 10 0 33 1 44 0 57 8 4 69 0 0 0 0 0 172 07:30 AM 15 47 0 ,7 69 6 0 41 1 48 0 51 5 7 63 0 0 0 3 3 183 07:45 AM 17 51 0 4 72 8 . 0 15 0 23 0 50 4 3 57 0 0 0 1 1 153 Total Volume 51 174 0 18 243 27 0 116 3 146 0 211 20 16 247 0 0 0 4 4 640 %App.Total 21 71.6 0 7.4 18.5 0 79.5 2.1 0 85.4 8.1 6.5 0 0 0 100 PHF .750 .853 .000 .643 .844 .675 .000 .707 .750 .760 .000 .925 .625 .571 .895 .000 .000 .000 .333 .333 .874 Passenger Vehicles 50 164 0 .18 232 27 0 114 3 144 0 198 19 16 233 0 0 0 4 4 613 %Passenger Vehicles 98.0 94.3 0 100 95.5 100 0 98.3 100 98.6 0 93.8 95.0 100 94.3 0 0 0 100 100 95.8 Bikes 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 1 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 15 %Bikes 0 2.9 0 0 2.1 0 0 0.9 0 0.7 0 4.3 0 0 3.6 0 0 0 0 0 2.3 Heavy Vehicles 1 5 0 0 6 0 0 1 0 1 d 4 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 12 %Heavy Vehicles 2.0 2.9 0 0 2.5 0 0 0.9 0 0.7 0 1.9 5.0 0 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 1.9 f 0 SSFM Intei'�' ���1'ti®nal, Inc0 501 Sumner Street, Suite 620 Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 (808) 531-1308 File Name : 160503 Alli Drive and Laaloa Ave PM Site Code : 00000002 Start Date : 5/3/2016 Page No : 1 Groups Printed-Passenger Vehicles-Bikes-Heavy Vehicles Ali'i Drive La'aloa Avenue Ali'i Drive Southbound Westbound Northbound Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Int.Tota)r) 03:45 PM 13 89 0 1 103 5 0 14 0 19 0 54 8 0 62 0 0 0 0 0 184'_.. Total 13 89 0 1 103 5 0 14 0 19 0 54 8 0 62 0 0 0 0 0 184 ' 04:00 PM 11 - 75 0 1 87 6 0 12 0 18 0 55 11 1 67 0 0 0 0 0 172 04:15 PM 14 75 0 1 90 11 0 9 0 20 0 66 16 2 84 0 0 0 0 0 194 04:30 PM . 12 67 0 4 83 11 0 10 0 21' 0 65 9 2 76 0 0 0 0 0 180 • 04:45 PM 15 81 0 3 99 8 0 16 0 24 0 56 7 1 64 0 0 0 0 0 187 Total 52 298 0 9 359 36 0 47 0 83 • 0 242 43 6 291 0 0 0 0 0 733 05:00 PM 25 69 0 2 96 4 0 11 1 16 0 65 17 1 83 0 0 0 0 0 195 05:15 PM 22 60 0 1 83 8 0 12 2 22 0 47 7 3 57 0 0 0 2 2 164 05:30 PM 12 56 0 2 70 7 0 12 1 20 0 35 9 2 46 0 0 0 0 0 136 Grand Total 124 572 0 15 711 60 0 96 4 ` 160 0 443 84 12 539 0 0 0 2 2 1412 Apprch% 17.4 80.5 0 2.1 37.5 0 60 2.5 0 82.2 15.6 2.2 0 0 0 100 Total% 8.8 40.5 0 1.1 50.4 4.2 0 6.8 0.3 11.3 0 31.4 5.9 0.8 38.2 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 Passenger Vehicles 124 552 0 14 690 57 0 95 4 156 0 428 82 12 522 0 0 0 2 2 1370 %Passenger Vehicles 100 96.5 0 93.3 97 95 0 99 100 97.5 0 96.6 97.6 100 96.8 0 0. 0 100 100 97 Bikes 0 12 0 1 13 1 0 1 0 2 0 9 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 25 %Bikes 0 2.1 0 6.7 1.8 1.7 0 1 0 1.2 0 2 1.2 0 1.9 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 Heavy Vehicles 0 8 0 0 8 2 0 0 0 2 0 6 1 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 17 %Heavy Vehicles 0 1.4 0 0 1.1 3.3 0 0 0 1.2 0 1.4 1.2 0 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 C • SSFM Intel rit)tional, Inc '.__�' 501 Sumner Street, Suite 620 Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 . (808) 531-1308 File Name : 160503 Alli Drive and Laaloa Ave PM Site Code : 00000002 Start Date : 5/3/2016 Page No : 2 AIi'i Drive La'aloa Avenue Ali'i Drive Southbound Westbound Northbound Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Int.Tota Peak Hour Analysis From 03:45 PM to 05:30 PM-Peak 1 of 1 Peak Hour for Entire Intersection Begins at 04:15 PM 04:15 PM 14 • 75 0 1 90 11 0 9 0 20 0 66 16 2 84 0 0 0 0 0 194 04:30 PM 12 67 0 4 83 11 0 10 0 21 0 65 9 2 76 0 0 0 0 0 180 04:45 PM 15 81 0 3 99 8 0 16 0 24 0 56 7 1 64 0 0 0 0 0 187 05:00 PM 25 69 0 2 96 4 0 11 1 16 0 65 17 1 83 0 0 0 0 -- 0 195 Total Volume 66 292 0 10 368 34 0 46 1 81 0 252 49 6 307 0 0 0 0 0 756 %App.Total 17.9 79.3 0 2.7 42 0 56.8 1.2 0 82.1 16 2 0 0 ` 0 0 PHF .660 .901 .000 .625 .929 .773 - .000 .719 .250 .844 .000 .955 .721 .750 .914 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .969 • Passenger Vehicles 66 280 0 9 355 33 0 46 1 80 0 247 47 6 300 0 0 0 0 0 735 Passenger Vehicles 100 95.9 0 90.0 96.5 97.1 0 100 100 98.8 0 98.0 95.9 100 97.7 0 0 0 0 0 97.2 Bikes 0 9 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 15 %Bikes 0 3.1 0 10.0 2.7 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 1.6 2.0 0 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 Heavy Vehicles 0 3 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 Heavy Vehicles 0 1.0 0 0 0.8 2.9 0 0 0 1.2 0 0.4 2.0 0 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 SSFM Inter 'I''ti®nal Inc Q 501 Sumner Street, Suite 620 Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 (808) 531-1308 File Name : 160503 Laaloa Ave and Kuakini Hwy AM Site Code : 00000001 Start Date : 5/3/2016 Page No : 1 Groups Printed-Passenger Vehicles-Bikes-Heavy Vehicles Kuakini Highway Kuakini Highway La'aloa Avenue Southbound Westbound Northbound Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Int.Totali"*�, 07:00 AM 0 170 5 1 176 0 0 0 0 0 4 206 0 0 210 13 0 1 0 14 40d.,,_,JJ 07:15 AM 0 206 8 1 215 0 0 0 0 0 6 204 0 0 210 18 0 8 0 26 451 07:30 AM 0 180 10 0 190 0 0 0 0 0 9 170 0 0 179 18 0 14 0 32 401 07:45 AM 0 184 14 0 198 0 0 0 0 0 4 162 0 0 166 21 0 4 0 25 389 Total 0 740 37 2 779 0 0 0 0 0 23 742 0 0 765 70 0 27 0 97 1641 08:00 AM 0 173 17 0 190 0 0 0 0 0 5 191 0 0 196 13 0 3 0 16 402 08:15 AM 0 144 19 0 163 0 0 0 0 0 6 203 0 0 209 15 0 7 0 22 394 08:30 AM 0 129 18 0 147 0 0 0. ( 0 0 3 211 0; 0 214 21 0 4 0 25 386 08:45 AM 0 111 16 0 127 0 0 0 0 0 6 210 0 0 216 15 0 2 0 17 360 Total 0 557 70 0 627 0 0 0 0 0 20 815 0 0 835 64 0 16 0 80 1542 Grand Total 0 1297 107 2 1406 0 0 0 0 0 43 1557 0 0 1600 134 0 43 0 177 3183 Apprch% 0 92.2 7.6 0.1 0 0 0 0 2.7 97.3 0 0 75.7 0 24.3 0 Total% 0 40.7 3.4 0.1 44.2 0 0 0 0 0 1.4 48.9 0 0 50.3 4.2 0 1.4 0 5.6 Passenger Vehicles 0 1244 102 2 1348 0 0 0 0 0 41 1490 0 0 1531 132 0 41 0 173 3052 %Passenger Vehicles 0 95.9 95.3 100 95.9 0 0 0 0 0 95.3 95.7 0 0 95.7 98.5 0 95.3 0 97.7 95.9 Bikes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 %Bikes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heavy Vehicles 0 53 5 0 58 0 0 0 0 0 2 67 0 0 69 2 0 2 0 4 131 Heavy Vehicles 0 4.1 4.7 0 4.1 0 0 0 0 0 4.7 4.3 0 0 4.3 1.5 0 4.7 0 2.3 4.1 C' 0 • SSFM Inte laiHtional, Inc 501 Sumner Street, Suite 620 Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 (808) 531-1308 File Name : 160503 Laaloa Ave and Kuakini Hwy AM Site-Code : 00000001 Start Date : 5/3/2016 Page No : 2 Kuakini Highway Kuakini Highway La'aloa Avenue Southbound Westbound Northbound Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left ' Thru Right Peds App.Total Int.Totals ) Peak Hour Analysis From 07:00 AM to 08:45 AM-Peak 1 of 1 Peak Hour for Entire Intersection Begins at 07:15 AM 07:15 AM 0 206 8 1 215 0 0 0 0 0 6 204 0 0 210 18 0 8 0 26 451 07:30 AM 0 180 10 0 - 190 0 0 0 0 0 9 170 0 0 179 18 0 14 0 32 401 07:45 AM 0 184 14 0 198 0 0 0 0 0 4 162 0 0 166 21 0 4 0 25 389 08:00 AM 0 173 17 0 190 0 0 0 0 0 5 191 0 0 196 13 0 3 0 16 402 Total Volume 0 743 49 1 793 0 0 0 0 0 24 727 ' 0 0 751 70 0 29 0 99 1643 %App.Total 0 93.7 6.2 0.1 0 0 0 0 3.2 96.8 0 0 70.7 0 29.3 0 PHF .000 .902 .721 .250 .922 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .667 .891 .000 .000 .894 .833 .000 .518 .000 .773 .911 Passenger Vehicles 0 715 47 1 763 0 0 0 0 0 22 685 0 0 707 70 0 27 0 97 1567 %Passenger Vehicles 0 96.2 95.9 100 96.2 0 0 0 0 0 91.7 94.2 0 0 94.1 100 0 93.1 0 98.0 95.4 Bikes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 %Bikes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Heavy Vehicles 0 28 2 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 2 42 0 0 44 0 0 2 0 2 76 %Heavy Vehicles 0 3.8 4.1 0 3.8 0 0 0 0 0 8.3 5.8 0 0 5.9 0 0 6.9 0 2.0 4.6 • • 0 D.: = COco y G 0 <o --I-o= CA Cn COn CD CD C)`�' J ? 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Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 (808) 531-1308 File Name : 160503 Laaloa Ave and Kuakini Hwy PM Site Code : 00000002 Start Date : 5/3/2016 • Page No : 2 Kuakini Highway Kuakini Highway La'aloa Avenue Southbound Westbound Northbound Eastbound Start Time Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Left Thru Right Peds App.Total Int.Tota() Peak Hour Analysis From 03:45 PM to 05:30 PM-Peak 1 of 1 Peak Hour for Entire Intersection Begins at 03:45 PM 03:45 PM 0 212 17 0 229 0 0 0 0 0 10 202 0 0 212 18 0 5 0 23 464 04:00 PM 0 197 13 0 210 0 0 0 0 0 4 192 0 0 196 10 0 4 0 14 420 04:15 PM 0 180 25 0 205 0 0 0 0 0 4 166 0 0 170 16 0 4 0 20 395 04:30 PM 0 248 12 0 260 0 0 0 0 0 4 193 0 0 197 13 0 3 0 16 473 Total Volume 0 837 67 0 904 0 0 0 0 0 22 753 0 0 775 57 0 16 0 73 1752 %App.Total 0 92.6 7.4 0 0 0 0 0 2.8 97.2 0 0 78.1 0 21.9 0 PHF .000 .844 .670 .000 .869 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .550 .932 .000 .000 .914 .792 .000 .800 .000 .793 .926 Passenger Vehicles 0 826 66 0 892 0 0 0 0 0 22 732 0 0 754 54 0 16 0 70 1716 %Passenger Vehicles 0 98.7 98.5 0 98.7 0 0 0 0 0 100 97.2 0 0 97:3 94.7 0 100 0 95.9 97.9 Bikes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 %Bikes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 Heavy Vehicles 0 11 1 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 20 3 0 0 0 3 35 %Heavy Vehicles 0 1.3 1.5 0 1.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7 0 0 2.6 5.3 0 0' 0 4.1 2.0 0 c Appendix B Analysis Reports Existing (2016) Conditions HCM 2010 AWSC Existing (2016) 10: AIH Drive & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:AM Peak Hour ntersec},�Ori k E S x ' M� k x RyR- �s`*RNy —Z° T� -ras x '�,, ,,Sc l , yr ...�<n St,...�.,�,.ar.k.� .����>,,:.,.,���65..�,x�,,...._�. ..�'.�:.�c, .a .-,,, as,� �„a tea.:-.�iursA`�xa,.,�.,�_'`.��"�..�s���'`».�,,_. s>�L�':.. �� r�kt��.a.,�?i., n3rY�.+..s 2��st t'��`cEaGw.,:3 Intersection Delay,s/veh 9.7 Intersection LOS A �OYGriI I.lt2;-d. `..F'� hm* sT`�.-'4`t�,u'a.kY S.l$ �{�� � l4.'v."r °R '.t' �1]�[� t � .y. 45,.. }�( 4&.,>-14-l 'g : �` ,yryy RI A1C'"{�";.fy sr '`6',( ._ ,u�h".L...'Ss..:+Y�.n-< ..ha..:�r';� �r�. .��it!a .''.�.?.u,'4h�; ��,���,};D�\a�V,._���2t w�.vA-.�?5.?.�..-..+...��16AT..�.,",fie..f\L1. ,.�����aai>,„4'�v'Y.Y.I�i, ,..1..`+,�`{,��`k`he.c'�w`.,���:v Traffic Vol,veh/h '0 27 115 0 202 20 0 51 169 Future Vol,veh/h 0 27 115 0 202 20 0 51 169 . Peak Hour Factor 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 Heavy Vehicles,% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Mvmt Flow 0 31 132 0 232 23 0 59 194 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 pp C �',»s'+u 'X�'�£p{- , `^+,. i*x,[" Pte' d-�``'.3.,,n'" �'.s� 3f`` ,'t E z'�g ESSs-i.-xr. 1 i � `""S L E F"d�.k i,.iw"2''hy, ,'�^a t.^a XIM ti �,Q� n:n��.,s��aG�'�f.e�'''�,.�ft.� ��m�..- '�.�"�YYAu=e„�:�"^c'�5�',,.y 55ti a�r.,.v..o-,:.�,re rt.�.n�.z..sk�s-�3Y,ith._.��'Sc;. sr..s..,:r�fi'..z.2�x� �D? �..��....:. ,�,�.�#,Prr,`e Opposing Approach SB NB Opposing Lanes 0 1 1 Conflicting Approach Left NB WB Conflicting Lanes Left 1 0 2 Conflicting Approach Right SB WB Conflicting Lanes Right 1 2 0 HCM Control Delay 9 9.8 10 HCM LOS A A A '�T e'7!1 s-2 t r't'e"� {'a� '2� s. ar p„ � p� � ^� � �t ��az-,� �. e,d'Iv�`'�^�''F r`mr ��'„'�?^"es ,�a � La „Q.,xY,.4,.,u- `°'*- :C#..'f 5 i-v„w..c.", �a�.r.w"z ,',3..i'?lL451 MYY 4tL`n RWARO7 a+ ° �.e r '"-,>,,, W WW-Wj',f.;xy,,'`, p i, '"'''a'"'yac`^; `" `'� e Vol Left, % 0% 100% 0% 23% Vol Thru,% 91% 0% 0% 77% Vol Right,% 9% 0% 100% 0% Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Traffic Vol by Lane 222 27 115 220 LT Vol 0 27 0 51 Through Vol 202 0 0 169 RT Vol 20 0 115 0 Lane Flow Rate 255 31 132 253 Geometry Grp 2 7 7 2 Degree of Util(X) 0.325 0.053 0.183 0.329 Departure Headway(Hd) 4.588 6.194 4.982 4.685 Convergence,YIN Yes Yes Yes Yes Cap 781 576 716 766 Service Time 2.628 3.95 2.738 2.726 HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.327 0.054 0.184 0.33 HCM Control Delay 9.8 9.3 8.9 10 HCM Lane LOS A A A A HCM 95th-tile Q 1.4 0.2 0.7 1.4 Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 1 l 0 HCM 2010 Signalized Intersection Summary Existing (2016) 20: Kuakini Highway & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:AM Peak Hour 4 t •r/ .,�" -�'S^"S �� � � `_3" u. `y�'" r w -Sc-3,,�"r '+^^;. 2'�»,3F 3 s�z:. � S#`�'x;£^"`'�,��r x `-<+.'' t,�^� F °mss`. )_.. Move iite t. BL EAR O g IE T F SER OR �. �.�: s ; � t�. .T Lane Configurations r t r Traffic Volume(veh/h) 70 29 24 727 743 49 Future Volume(veh/h) 70 29 24 727 743 49 Number 7 14 5 2 6 16 Initial Q(Qb),veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus,Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Adj Sat Flow,veh/h/In 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 Adj Flow Rate,vehlh 77 0 26 799 816 0 Adj No.of Lanes 1 1 1 1 1 1 Peak Hour Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 Percent Heavy Veh,% 5 5 5 5 5 5 Cap,veh/h 443 396 259 1112 866 736 Arrive On Green 0.26 0.00 0.07 0.61 0.48 0.00 Sat Flow,veh/h 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Grp Volume(v),veh/h 77 0 26 799 816 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Q Serve(g_s),s 2.4 0.0 0.5 21.3 30.0 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c),s 2.4 0.0 0.5 21.3 30.0 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Lane Grp Cap(c),veh/h 443 396 259 1112 866 736 V/C Ratio(X) 0.17 0.00 0.10 0.72 0.94 0.00 Avail Cap(c_a),veh/h 443 396 259 1112 866 736 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay(d),s/veh 20.2 0.0 13.9 9.3 17.3 0.0 Incr Delay(d2),s/veh 0.9 0.0 0.8 4.0 19.4 0.0 Initial Q Delajy(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %Ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/In 1.3 0.0 0.3 11.7 19.4 0.0 LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 21.1 0.0 14.7 13.3 36.7 0.0 LnGrp LOS C B B D Approach Vol,veh/h 77 825 816 Approach Delay,slveh 21.1 13.4 36.7 Approach LOS C B D "lti"`2 ;; �^+m -i+- -, r"' .c�"`t�.�.^ -o ,, "7`�''�^a '' a''"g" �, r^r -t r_"'. ^x'�a �s t,. .: `"' s,"fid -fs 3+;'�X` 'ice' a -r' tt if .8 „rA a ., a,�w.};x' .VT r .,_ . .., 4 te a+ !�tisc z51 7?',i $ V ' 'e,?t°^NMII, ,uW 5 ryy Assigned Phs 2 4 5 6 Phs Duration(G+Y+Rc),s 47.5 22.5 9.5 38.0 Change Period(Y+Rc),s 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Max Green Setting(Gmax),s 43.0 18.0 5.0 33.5 Max Q Clear Time(g_c+11),s 23.3 4.4 2.5 32.0 Green Ext Time(p_c),s . 10.8 0.1 0.0 1.2 I4e0SeC IOCIJTI�}I 1 �.1,"v* r„ i r t "'r ,..... .., ,.., 3'.i�.z:wr � u:��: arc�x: �, ..�.,,���s *�..,;Ut::�a:�s,'t,:�:` tZraa :sc,t: :* �, �..r:� HCM 2010 Ctrl Delay 24.8 HCM 2010 LOS C Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 2 I ' HCM 2010 AWSC Existing (2016) 10: Alii Drive & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:PM Peak Hour (Th art er R Q „{h FARIE z taste c to rc f,� e f 3Y I .z s a i"'W S }y t 'e•s'z^z-r'" } �a S4.'... t,.�`a�vi-„�'�A�._r�' ;:.�r.�.u.�,,.,.a�„�4a��.,,;<'.�.�.fi���€-�-�.����� ,3�`�.�°.�.war� zx...`��.��f�r`�:.�-r��e.��'�`-ar�4..�-.rs-.��.: ��'*��-Ys.?� t?.�r,..,v.�`r.;.0 Intersection Delay,s/veh 11.5 Intersection LOS B ( Wfrietkt i FANAMM” <` U►/BE fix N$t VASKO B3WMMIEWSTAE - 5B, MI Lane Configurations Traffic Vol,veh/h 0 34 46 0 248 48 0 66 283 Future Vol,veh/h 0 34 46 0 248 48 0 66 283 Peak Hour Factor 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 Heavy Vehicles,% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Mvmt Flow 0 39 53 0 285 55 0 76 325 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 t�n:-+"�`° .Y y$i a �°� :���s�y�^�s�*rxr3� `5.. '��'t;''F� s �y.#:=.£r"v.'�' �.✓ems {a�^`%�,�`` r#n<� Ya���r<r>-..+�,�.3yr�y,.yr �,��^ss.�''• �.+r��.{�,«3,,,^�a�-�c,1� Jr :t t'�iroac t.::ea,w�.< `. ..x.,�d;'N-3':'``';'s.. ,� .,:�. 7;r}.k<.,'k.. c, .....`' ,:un'`w"ch:{sa � '.„*'*d f sk,.we.�t,.,Y.r,.".:'.-;r_.,.x..s�'.."..-: ..Pp 4.,._l�. � �:�-..._�.� ��,;,�:..�,k�_ �1NR <� �.w,�. ABY � � aB..T. � �, Opposing Approach SB NB Opposing Lanes 0 1 1 Conflicting Approach Left NB WB Conflicting Lanes Left 1 0 2 Conflicting Approach Right SB WB Conflicting Lanes Right 1 2 0 HCM Control Delay 9.3 11 12.4 HCM LOS A B B �. p'�`�"� �t,�-t '�-� ,� �.: �'�^-'��,y-i �^,��s1 �,,{��r2-* w-�.- �s¢� »}yr � _ � "�`�.�" i$ ��.�:$K :��.���r"'t���''���". r "'% ',�zr� ta, a az:. ( �:dlinfa `4.w __:M.ww"t�` E R3'. ?�14C.ts ii.�yy L�JT k$}ka v � ��1�",IMIR:` di:=.>*v�3tE.$°w�fkaad9�y, +3"i 4217762,0-21 z :7a r,,l.''^a"WS..k.'-:K:-'>*,...av�I . r.`1 Vol Left,% 0% 100% 0% 19% Vol Thru, % 84% 0% 0% 81% Vol Right,% 16% 0% 100% 0% Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Traffic Vol by Lane 296 34 46 349 LT Vol 0 34 0 66 Through Vol 248 0 0 283 RT Vol 48 0 46 0 Lane Flow Rate 340 39 53 401 Geometry Grp 2 7 7 2 Degree of Util(X) 0.429 0.072 0.08 0.513 , Departure Headway(Hd) 4.54 6.664 5.447 4.603 Convergence,Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Cap 789 535 653 782 Service Time 2.582 4.44 3.222 2.643 HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.431 0.073 0.081 0.513 HCM Control Delay 11 10 8.7 12.4 HCM Lane LOS B A A B HCM 95th-file Q 2.2 0.2 0.3 3 • Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 1 u HCM 2010 Signalized Intersection Summary Existing (2016) 20: Kuakini Highway & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:PM Peak Hour 4\ t 4/ M .. ftiN,: ,RTMZC4rra. SEQR,u...._ KGZNBT��.��.�SVZEake.. .M .EMRNZSMWETfB Lane Configurations ' Traffic Volume(veh/h) 57 16 22 752 837 67 Future Volume(veh/h) 57 16 22 752 837 67 Number 7 14 5 2 6 16 Initial Q(Qb),veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus,Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Adj Sat Flow,veh/h/In 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 Adj Flow Rate,veh/h 63 0 24 826 920 0 Adj No.pf Lanes 1 1 1 1 1 1 Peak Hour Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 Percent Heavy Veh,% 5 5 5 5 5 5 Cap,veh/h 388 346 240 1199 984 836 Arrive On Green 0.22 0.00 0.06 0.66 0.54 0.00 Sat Flow,veh/h 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Grp Volume(v),veh/h 63 0 24 826 920 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/In 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Q Serve(g_s),s 2.4 0.0 0.4 22.7 37.8 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c),s 2.4 0.0 0.4 22.7 37.8 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Lane Grp Cap(c),veh/h 388 346 240 1199 984 836 V/C Ratio(X) 0.16 0.00 0.10 0.69 0.94 V 0.00 Avail Cap(c_a),veh/h 388 346 240 1199 984 836 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay(d),s/veh 24.9 0.0 15.8 8.4 16.9 0.0 Incr Delay(d2),s/veh 0.9 0.0 0.8 3.3 16.7 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/In 1.2 0.0 0.3 12.1 23.2 0.0 LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 25.8 0.0 16.6 11.6 33.7 0.0 LnGrp LOS C B B C Approach Vol,veh/h 63 850 920 Approach Delay,s/veh 25.8 11.8 33.7 Approach LOS C B C t`)NCNN ,.�.;,:`'�X`.,�d€..:y-..I ,.".v+t1 �R'.��Z J,a a:;.,�,'#+ "`u' y*! `#�y,h S SIII +�4 L. c. 'moi ' "k ..+- k W�s '.v''a I Ss ., �. . '.�-"" -�+2�.'-q A�w.u,.��r-,� '� ws�;' .+a,-.-�.,�,.a5.S�. �1,�- -.,�tS.Yr-e=:;�'_�,S a�auz.: ,. 2�-':x��... .w .�. Assigned Phs 2 4 5 6 Phs Duration(G+Y+Rc),s 57.5 22.5 9.5 48.0 Change Period(Y+Rc),s 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Max Green Setting(Gmax),s 53.0 18.0 5.0 43.5 Max Q Clear Time(g_c+11),s 24.7 4.4 2.4 39.8 Green Ext Time(p_c),s 14.9 0.1 0.0 3.1 ,f,y nye. ._ �� � i11Jt�r,.S retia SU f .3 3C,fy;t':�°ta"'" .+:: !,kµI„`.�`,v'ii'�i�� ME# ZSTA- g Pte.+-r `if4 `4` 7y�-„ .."i n fr `.Sr F`M"5V ,fi�"5'�r f fi -*''' .3r.err`..�..ea...,.-.'u�...'x.�„_.� a`Jwr."x..„���� ,.��`��-„uti.a�F,�.�sr.....a�"n,S- T��?§`+_'�-�?fi',,.S,a�t�,�,r x-.�-', HCM 2010 Ctrl Delay 23.3 - HCM 2010 LOS C I SSFM International Synchro 9 ReportPage 2 it c Appendix C Analysis Reports Future (2035) With Project Conditions — 40 Dwelling Units 1 k.---i HC --- HCM 2010 AWSC Future (2035) With Project - Low Units 10: Alii Drive & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:AM Peak Hour 0 f _ l.,le[`SAol otl"r { „,a.Ma... . W# M ': KMtft';' ._' R. ME EE�,'� ; IN_"�,':' Intersection Delay,s/veh 15:3 Intersection LOS C ..,i3'} G E xf s , - E,EN ,BU ' UlBfyA+B ate: p ,u _� h�.{p�p_ np SBL SBT> 1�8�?.�.�:ll �`n,.a�'� xi �,.,a-:. a.,�az..,... tom,.,a�s.,F. ?fa,Y.�:,�. B�.r� `. ��� 1YulZ� $'?�U�.t,.„a n.. a..r....; .�.>-�M Lane Configurations 7 1 4 Traffic Vol,veh/h 0 45 195 0 323 33 0 85 270 Future Vol,veh/h 0 45 195 0 323 33 0 85 270 Peak Hour Factor 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 Heavy Vehicles,% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Mvmt Flow 0 52 224 0 371 38 0 98 310 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Afk-ry< ^�. � �+` n���" a- r`�'..�. s�`�r` 5�� �a3^+,�1 ^” , .! §� a�i� '�a-"�”�'"'�"*�. � IS�^"a�s� ��,t��� � � w��?a t�T"'r�"^. j�^ ,,,�, '.�''+„�:,�# a E ar Z:E tTta L A M I m� ZZWige WB x 4 ...,,a.,„i,.z .r_ ? FSI3 54A. xE i` ..a a...� Opposing Approach SB NB Opposing Lanes 1 0 1 1 Conflicting Approach Left NB WB Conflicting Lanes Left 1 0 2 Conflicting Approach Right SB WB Conflicting Lanes Right 1 2 0 HCM Control Delay 11.8 16.2 16.7 HCM LOS B C C �r"'x": ��"� c a '� '^�'r�'*��s" � p��j �r-� "".#- .� '-:" .� s«�'�, "as"x-x s,s` -s '-� r �-�-« r r r a u .-v:c's�' B YY S+.;a �^l L ,M''v�, mi' "*x `5 `"ia rte,y I e s} .wF';i ,,; .:;, Gk n„4' .,.x:P TIFF ..,.: ...,a Y: T L ... +n#� B1 ESYI...� * x.._.,. I. �_....�� .,� �.�.r.Smart s.. ,r � .> _.t Vol Left,% 0% 100% 0% 24% Vol Thru,% 91% 0% 0% 76% Vol Right,% 9% 0% 100% 0% Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Traffic Vol by Lane 356 45 195 355 LT Vol 0 45 0 85 Through Vol 323 0 0 270 RT Vol 33 0 195 0 Lane Flow Rate 409 52 224 408 Geometry Grp 2 7 7 2 Degree of Util(X) , 0.604 0.102 0.368 0.613 Departure Headway(Hd) 5.31 7.129 5.907 5.405 Convergence,Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Cap 679 502 607 665 Service Time 3.351 4.879 3.657 3.447 HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.602 0.104 0.369 0.614 HCM Control Delay 16.2 10.7 12.1 16.7 HCM Lane LOS CB BC HCM 95th-tile Q 4.1 0.3 1.7 4.2 0 Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 1 J 1. HCM 2010 Signalized Intersection Summary Future (2035) With Project - Low Units 20: Kuakini Highway & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:AM Peak Hour ' t d ( o meRtSEMIMISR IERTRBLSNB " SBTX B r _ , 4RPds . °RM Lane Configurations Traffic Volume(veh/h) 91 38 30 880 899 62 Future Volume(veh/h) 91 38 30 880 899 62 Number 7 14 5 2 6 16 Initial Q(Qb),veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus,Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Adj Sat Flow,veh/h/In 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 Adj Flow Rate,veh/h 100 0 33 967 988 0 Adj No.of Lanes 1 1 1 1 1 1 Peak Hour Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 Percent Heavy Veh, % 5 5 5 5 5 5 Cap,veh/h 345 308 235 1267 1076 914 Arrive On Green 0.20 0.00 0.06 0.70 0.59 0.00 Sat Flow,veh/h 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Grp Volume(v),veh/h 100 0 33 967 988 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/ln 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Q Serve(9_s),s 4.4 0.0 0.6 31.0 43.9 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c),s 4.4 0.0 0.6 31.0 43.9 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Lane Grp Cap(c),veh/h 345 308 235 1267 1076 914 V/C Ratio(X) 0.29 0.00 0.14 0.76 0.92 0.00 1100 Avail Cap(c_a),veh/h 345 308 235 1267 1076 914 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay(d),s/veh 30.6 0.0 17.4 8.7 16.3 0.0 Incr Delay(d2),s/veh 2.1 0.0 1.3 4.4 13.7 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/In 2.3 0.0 0.5 16.6 25.8 0.0 LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 32.7 0.0 18.6 13.1 30.0 0.0 LnGrp LOS C B B C Approach Vol,veh/h 100 1000 988 Approach Delay,s/veh 32.7 13.3 30.0 Approach LOS C B C ffT:�� '�r � br�»�„?3'#� ,.�,+°�e � �',�=,3��� t a3.-,�tr'yS,`�t ry��'+�, �s ,.,,-'s +� .r'.k�£n f 7-k'a �-� ����� � y, �k +. �` .nt ""'�,�Y"'w lS. erax Rg� ,.n.-�`"��" ,,.w>->ay.um;n_ ?X'. L t '4 s €; E N 8 , ; 'Ta O a 7 a n b .. ., :e..e4 �a-:�i4�2..�._�,ak'5.,..,rt,.,b..r:�a��....,.^wr ..� �...,t..t_,,.�..-.�.a�e..�OJ.u.-a_t �r�,.�;',_r i�"a;�:k_a�"<.e-„�.-„m�".�#,�-k.0�;x� Assigned Phs 2 4 5 6 Phs Duration(G+Y+Rc),s 67.5 22.5 9.5 58.0 Change Period(Y+Rc),s 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Max Green Setting(Gmax),s 63.0 18.0 5.0 53.5 Max Q Clear Time(g_c+I1),s 33.0 6.4 2.6 45.9 Green Ext Time(p_c),s 18.3 0.2 0.0 6.3 xi� z T►tGT ECtIDiiWm7 y+ ` w`�^*�t ` ` ' ' "r nit &T i r `' a s s>- w "" "'" t , ,.; ....C�,�: .,,u '' ��.�. .., �,,"'�-�,� ,r....,�,a.�^3^��.,x�: ..":,t as-.�.��.: ..s�...'�...�,4�a"^���.r.-,��.da2,7r�'..'c-"`�".,��'a u�.���� r,,��t.��.�"�, HCM 2010 Ctrl Delay 22.1 HCM 2010 LOS C SSFM International Synchro 9 ReportPage 2 F C C HCM 2010 AWSC Future (2035) With Project- Low Units 10: Alii Drive & Laaloa Avenue - Timing Plan:PM Peak Hour 0 Y. j `+v. v �,,.:1- �-+...F. to z-,ti ttt Y. .,d`n"`v5.. 3�. £-r ^r *-t fi a . - ... .;*�, ...,L.arta t�. n..'�i a_..k.__.,.., ..�,..£_N�r...r��a.� ....�..�.... .�„a.�z_�.�.....,i.. Intersection Delay,s/veh 34.5 Intersection LOS D Movemen�." ;-F ENk VIIVM 1RRIT r NP NIV ,_ �_ V. „(<AI NBF ._._ Sl3Uf�„SB TEM ``__EIRE Lane Configurations ) r t, 4 Traffic Vol,veh/h 0 57 78 0 397 83 0 114 453 FutureVol,veh/h 0 57 78 0 397 83 0 114 453 Peak Hour Factor 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 Heavy Vehicles,% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Mvmt Flow 0 66 90 0 456 95 0 131 521 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 ;� d p�� ��`''�"���t'��'r"t' °4-k-�.�-�+-e�'"4�iYYB f���lrl,r� a�'S:.'"7`� P �.v�` 1�g y':. v. 1� � u,,��a� <i c 3�'� } �N�tk'�.' , ; ,�. 4 p ! pp�Da' .z,�.k,' .r,' 3�a. �.....,,B+.;ks_,.' .�, ..5,.,,..,,.�s5�":ESI . 3.E aL.�.:,.:a�_, .......a Bt,.nes `a ..f;...R' '`' - a.'a��'+��.F+ .a.r.,i& .r_.,..�_..,�, Opposing Approach SB NB Opposing Lanes 0 1 1 Conflicting Approach Left NB WB Conflicting Lanes Left 1 0 2 Conflicting Approach Right SB WB Conflicting Lanes Right 1 2 0 III HCM Control Delay 11.3 26.5 46.8 HCM LOS B D E 0 (1'a LFa��Jy7`� ���7.r �-'.i b s`�`3}°."�rlt"`I❑ n�f-xt � i tr.:�r?t 7�. �q .. i�, ''�..x^J z 'il s �.. k- ,sn-a s xx. ....3d.d.ri,....�i�Rf...#us�waS RL+, .Z{ .ttn E.xs\,{,:7LI;lP,�f\Y4�t 1i eal.`77,,Clj�4n3..97,yr„. ..L rt..IE..m.rvf..z,.1�..4ti i5..�'.a Ctr.;mak. 'A w^s+£Y ir`.S LL y � xx� .� Vol Left,% 0% 100% 0% 20% Vol Thru,% 83% 0% 0% 80% Vol Right,% 17% 0% 100% 0% Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Traffic Vol by Lane 480 57 78 567 LT Vol 0 57 0 114 Through Vol 397 0 0 453 RT Vol 83 0 78 0 Lane Flow Rate 552 66 90 652 Geometry Grp 2 7 7 2 Degree of Util(X) 0.806 0.144 0.166 0.954 Departure Headway(Hd) 5.262 7.913 6.681 5.27 Convergence,Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Cap 690 452 535 691 Service Time 3.304 5.677 4.444 3.308 HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.8 0.146 0.168 0.944 HCM Control Delay 26.5 12 10.8 46.8 HCM Lane LOS DBBE HCM 95th-tile Q 8.3 0.5 0.6 13.7 Synchro 9 Report C SSFM International Page 1 C HCM 2010 Signalized Intersection Summary Future (2035) With Project - Low Units 20: Kuakini Highway & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:PM Peak Hour 4\ t j!FV: er tM . R riaa fi NBL?' 1`?43 .,.:SSBI".¢ :tB( : j _ aV.' `1 Lane Configurations vir vit tr Traffic Volume(veh/h) 75 21 30 910 1013 89 Future Volume(veh/h) 75 21 30 910 1013 89 Number 7 14 5 2 6 16 Initial Q(Qb),veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) , 1.00 1.00 1.00 ; 1.00 Parking Bus,Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Adj Sat Flow,veh/h/ln 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 Adj Flow Rate,veh/h 82 0 33 1000 1113 0 Adj No.of Lanes 1 1 1 1 1 1 Peak Hour Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 Percent Heavy Veh,% 5 5 5 5 5 5 Cap,veh/h 345 308 176 1267 1076 914 Arrive On Green 0.20 0.00 0.06 0.70 0.59 0.00 • Sat Flow,veh/h 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Grp Volume(v),veh/h 82 0 33 1000 1113 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/In 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Q Serve(g_s),s 3.6 0.0 .0.6 33.4 53.5 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c),s 3.6 0.0 0.6 33.4 53.5 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Lane Grp Cap(c),veh/h 345 308 176 1267 1076 914 V/C Ratio(X) 0.24 0.00 0.19 0.79 1.03 0.00 j Avail Cap(c_a),veh/h 345 308 176 1267 1076 914 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 .1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay(d),s/veh 30.2 0.0 22.0 9.1 18.3 0.0 Incr Delay(d2),s/veh 1.6 0.0 2.4 5.1 36.8 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/In 1.9 0.0 0.6 18.2 37.3 0.0 LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 31.9 0.0 24.4 14.1 55.0 0.0 LnGrp LOS C C B F Approach Vol,veh/h 82 1033 1113 Approach Delay,s/veh 31.9 14.4 55.0 Approach LOS C B E Nr;. w N;Wr _ M .-,.k'�'-z.. ..�sa.U L.�r z,.-.:.�?+,�L�..?tggSF�,r..�s�.:z`��.,.,..Z7 Assigned Phs 2 4 5 6 Phs Duration(G+Y+Rc),s 67.5 22.5 9.5 58.0 Change Period(Y+Rc),s 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Max Green Setting(Gmax),s 63.0 18.0 5.0 53.5 • Max Q Clear Time(g_c+I1),s 35.4 5.6 2.6 55.5 Green Ext Time(p_c),s 19.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 ftit:Mtai '4?� Tr�� � "°ti+� s`k c -�-�,.`;3 � as ,r� y. "�� '.4„, .�,`� 'i #� x �.� 33 ` r S �"v""`.s ,� � ,.!3! r�.�.., �'.k'�Fr„zv��;saE .3 zw�s.. t+xv.,p„S .`'t �, .:*. t�,-.�=.i4..�;�'�-s�„�..�.�e�i�v `".k"rx�'�a,�`�"sXJx� '�'�1,_.,..t�kti'�',=cw�"',�`^�-.�.`'..�..'��`q�`kt,�".._ HCM 2010 Ctrl Delay 35.4 HCM 2010 LOS D Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 2 CD 1 � Appendix D Analysis Reports Future (2035) With Project Conditions — 240 Dwelling Units 1 0 0 HCM 2010 AWSC Future (2035) With Project- High Units 10: Alii Drive & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:AM Peak Hour 0 _ _ _ 1 )hfrWr:on 'Z �r� k ,cls E it s rye?t(yA P "" x m ' zA a ral ..:�.:.`car..�; r�3x�v.�.�-d+i�.,.,���,,..�.es. A...-..v7 ` rum.a'kw��..,�.. sa�,..�z`�� ,.�.,�.�%.�±'sxC1�r�..� )a3.�.' .-... � �;�`a�..�r '.Azxa�ir��..&�.+��k'�. Intersection Delay,s/veh 17.5 Intersection LOS C .,�G"tis+' '.,?.� a r��,-��. r�t�,`'�' �,y y"m "x 'r+;' `-�. v +a "`7 '"`a�" �,+ xe. c �-y Ulc3Y naer�awzg ..P`�.�`wmze,111 oa 1NB.R ' 1 DEZIE .NB iz&Nt,R N:cu S.I L-` wS.BT ,$ m Lane Configurations I 4 Traffic Vol,veh/h 0 58 249 0 323 38 0 98 270 Future Vol,yeh/h 0 58 249 0 323 38 0 98 270 Peak Hour Factor 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 Heavy Vehicles,% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Mvmt Flow 0 67 286 0 371 44 0 113 310 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 r '-y�,�P "„✓..�a5,.gz *�-d�am»r,,,^3&'.�"�a :-,�` c�t "q�' �}tura'�"r��'+�t'i "i 1 '^�y 'r* �r "",rte' ����7p xi T�f'`'r'S�#7y, 4 �+ba' '� h'�?'�e ",�' '."-+�i'c�u z, ,5 <�=r� 2=�i�svY.i-k�+`�,,.,..�+,.,a. .�- 3=,n��T., z_� ,n.�-�.... ,t�f«���n �.:. i,,.�.,_giros Opposing Approach SB NB Opposing Lanes 0 1 1 Conflicting Approach Left NB WB Conflicting Lanes Left 1 0 2 Conflicting Approach Right SB WB Conflicting Lanes Right 1 2 0 HCM Control Delay 13.7 18.4 19.7 HCM LOS B C C c , ��e z�;.. � ;'�_* '" ��`��:,`-„�-�`-� ".� � �`.� �"`� .� """"�� �+r�,d���"�` �� � ta��.�a is�'�'*P �.�C��'i��''''�' �'"� r y�x 1 ►1.A;rh max.. .. .M .... � 8)nVtBLi�� WBo wS �n1,�M Zl .a.r - ,. ... t . ; Vol Left,% 0% 100% 0% 27% Vol Thru,% 89% 0% 0% 73% Vol Right,% 11% 0% 100% 0% Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Traffic Vol by Lane 361 58 249 368 LT Vol 0 58 0 98 Through Vol 323 0 0 270 RT Vol 38 0 249 0 Lane Flow Rate 415 67 286 423 Geometry Grp 2 7 7 2 Degree of Util(X) 0.646 0.135 0.48 0.67 Departure Headway(Hd) 5.605 7.266 6.042 5.699 Convergence,Y/N Yes Yes Yes Yes Cap 643 492 592 630 Service Time 3.667 5.032 3.807 3.759 HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.645 0.136 0.483 0.671 i HCM Control Delay 18.4 11.2 14.3 19.7 HCM Lane LOS C B B C HCM 95th-tile Q 4.7 0.5 2.6 5.1 0 Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 1 l`J tom' HCM 2010 Signalized Intersection Summary Future (2035) With Project - High Units 20: Kuakini Highway & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:AM Peak Hour t tfaSTiEWMSSRZNWMEMEEMIEENKER _. ..,,..x.. .:u:-n�+,�.REB�,�MM"S�.,.,. ..:.aavE.�.ta:..u�.��.N,N Lane Configurations r F Traffic Volume(veh/h) 124 51 37 880 899 74 Future Volume(veh/h) 124 51 37 880 899 74 Number 7 14 5 2 6 16 Initial Q(Qb),veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus,Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00, 1.00 Adj Sat Flow,veh/h/In 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 Adj Flow Rate,veh/h 136 0 41 967 988 0 Adj No.of Lanes 1 1 1 1 1 1 Peak Hour Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 Percent Heavy Veh,% 5 5 5 5 5 5 Cap,veh/h 345 308 235 1267 1076 914 Arrive On Green 0.20 0.00 0.06 0.70 0.59 0.00 Sat Flow,veh/h 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Grp Volume(v),veh/h 136 0 41 967 988 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/In 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Q Serve(g_s),s 6.2 0.0 0.7 31.0 43.9 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c),s 6.2 0.0 0.7 31.0 43.9 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Lane Grp Cap(c),veh/h 345 308 235 1267 1076 914 V/C Ratio(X) 0.39 0.00 0.17 0.76 0.92 0.00 Avail Cap(c_a),veh/h 345 308 235 1267 1076 914 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay(d),s/veh 31.3 0.0 17.6 8.7 16.3 0.0 Incr Delay(d2),s/veh 3.4 0.0 1.6 4.4 13.7 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOfQ(50%),veh/In 3.3 0.0 0.7 16.6 25.8 0.0 LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 34.6 0.0 19.2 13.1 30.0 0.0 LnGrp LOS C B B C Approach Vol,veh/h 136 1008 988 Approach Delay,s/veh 34.6 13.4 30.0 Approach LOS C B C -� '� '`=�' r�z"' �.�� r' "u���.1 L'�'�.r �r �' � F �5��t� �'^�-�''9.�'�r"�+.. ..z'`s� �tc"�"�p$� s§'w� '�"' � <" r,� �*,yy' l;it 1. ., .v.,,. t,'.'F»u ,.r. __M. .,':.mil S ..,.::. ;z a„z; A ;:�' .t` . ,3?h.R3P �s: -6.� �: -x � `"'.;iv f._k;,.zmg .n: t,-�*,2's Assigned Phs 2 4 5 6 Phs Duration(G+Y+Rc),s 67.5 22.5 9.5 58.0 Change Period(Y+Rc),s 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Max Green Setting(Gmax),s 63.0 18.0 5.0 53.5 Max Q Clear Time(g_c+11),s 33.0 8.2 2.7 45.9 Green Ext Time(p_c),s 18.3 0.2 0.0 6.3 ��1�6 T* U T ' r igaf Via, .,::..i . 7 r-T'..,,,r P+t M5'� ",..' to E 2y ,r?-^ rc,�'k-'--'*"a-€�',. yw'�'t4M`' ;'ryx" `s:+, `'= a , �_�„ ;� .tStt�� �,��:.-_ �_ �,. ..�.ss,„_,� r.�c Wr+_,x,-t �- +r. ,� .., as.,t,*�.f���'hsvv.._' �.SzLr:�.t., �`.�, ud','�,,. ... �� �t�i�r ,.� HCM 2010 Ctrl Delay 22.4 HCM 2010 LOS C Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 2 l U U HCM 2010 AWSC Future (2035) With Project - High Units 10: Alii Drive & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:PM Peak Hour ;�tef82Gf(gf1�s. a. NF`� �u..��,. :� .iw'��+�<?��_,��' ,�"� , ,,,-k�.��,�; �� �..�3�s��.�ree�s�. �t�€.�. a ��?�. ,,_ a" �*� Intersection Delay,s/veh 53.9 Intersection LOS F Yb3 �irtK. . �grfRWiY-' . Bp ��eNNM T S 6R BLRR I Lane Configurations ) r t 4 Traffic Vol,veh/h 0 74 101 0 397 114 0 156 453 Future Vol,veh/h 0 74 101 0 397 114 0 156 453 Peak Hour Factor 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 Heavy Vehicles,% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Mvmt Flow 0 85 116 0 456 131 0 ' 179 521 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 N�air' �v yT '. &,n 'T`y "` � 'a*... -^s zxnst�`IE ,# xc '•x" 'r: �` ° * "'� ^' `' `t'S:LJT .`."o` "". y th#' ' .n a,Ie'�`:�;'s.�,_H,'�....a � .. .�sb.v,..e�'� .=��»' .:��.a +�..,sa�« �v''wlsma,<"�y..�"`3,.�:,�a ;ax ��.K`�i��.. `Y.�..m...r.�-.s ^�.,,.rh�.� Opposing Approach SB NB Opposing Lanes 0 1 1 Conflicting Approach Left NB WB Conflicting Lanes Left 1 0 2 Conflicting Approach Right SB WB Conflicting Lanes Right 1 2 0 HCM Control Delay 12.2 34.8 81.9 HCM LOS B D F c ;r a P.�i`"'.s&'rok"�:5.yt�az rry£ �^fi ,�`,�,_2't �� �ar+,v �-u p .-5'=�, ^n "s�,� "�,�1�3y',�,Y� "' .,�t"�+' �`��a_ .,.`,.A�` �'"s..�.s�e '�.: d"' ^s- ^_ .. �. ,.,. »r...� -.vap;E'�tu*t.r�as .E <.N,BLCt�l xlll!4? 1') -W an7a.11,t .... --5.,�a ;._a.sa' ,. 5' MIMI ,,.� Yz s Vol Left,% 0% 100% 0% 26% Vol Thru, % 78% 0% 0% 74% Vol Right,% 22% 0% 100% 0% Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Traffic Vol by Lane 511 74 101 609 LT Vol 0 74 0 156 Through Vol 397 0 0 453 RT Vol 114 0 101 0 Lane Flow Rate 587 85 116 700 Geometry Grp 2 7 7 2 Degree of Util(X) 0.872 0.186 0.219 1.081 Departure Headway(Hd) 5.586 8.238 7.002 5.558 Convergence,YIN Yes Yes Yes Yes Cap 652 438 515 658 Service Time 3.586 5.938 4.702 3.566 HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.9 0.194 0.225 1.064 HCM Control Delay 34.8 12.8 11.7 81.9 HCM Lane LOS DBBF I HCM 95th-tile Q 10.2 0.7 0.8 19.8 F) SSFM International Synchro 9 Report Page 1 C �' HCM 2010 Signalized Intersection Summary Future (2035) With Project - High Units 20: Kuakini Highway & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:PM Peak Hour 0 Movement 1 , r' ' f _CB r EBR 4 w a f a� � g.AN ,A - - �..n.,r.�.�.�.. >,s_,.�s,��x_ �....v-�.,..._n_�_.��NBI_, ..�NST,,x,�...SBT.�.,_�5�..�� ;�__ ��� ��:.����-� " � �r� �a Lane Configurations r ) sit t r Traffic Volume(veh/h) 102 29 42 910 1013 131 Future Volume(veh/h) 102 29 42 910 1013 131 Number 7 14 5 2 6 16 Initial Q(Qb),veh 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ped-Bike Adj(A_pbT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Parking Bus,Adj 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Adj Sat Flow,veh/h/In 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 1810 Adj Flow Rate,veh/h 112 0 46 1000 1113 0 Adj No.of Lanes 1 1 1 1 1 1 Peak Hour Factor 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 I Percent Heavy Veh,% 5 5 5 5 5 5 Cap,veh/h 345 308 176 1267 1076 914 Arrive On Green 0.20 0.00 0.06 0.70 0.59. 0,00 Sat Flow,veh/h 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Grp Volume(v),veh/h 112 0 46 1000 1113 0 Grp Sat Flow(s),veh/h/In 1723 1538 1723 1810 1810 1538 Q Serve(g_s),s 5.0 0.0 0.8 33.4 53.5 0.0 Cycle Q Clear(g_c),s 5.0 0.0 0.8 33.4 53.5 0.0 Prop In Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Lane Grp Cap(c),veh/h 345 308 176 1267 1076 914 f�\ V/C Ratio(X) 0.32 0.00 0.26 0.79 1.03 0.00 Avail Cap(c_a),veh/h 345 308 176 1267 1076 914 HCM Platoon Ratio 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Upstream Filter(I) 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 Uniform Delay(d),s/veh 30.8 0.0 22.1 9.1 18.3 0.0 Incr Delay(d2),s/veh 2.5 0.0 3.6 5.1 36.8 0.0 Initial Q Delay(d3),s/veh 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 %ile BackOf (50%),veh I n 2.6 0.0 0.9 18.2 37.3 0.0 LnGrp Delay(d),s/veh 33.3 0.0 25.7 14.1 55.0 0.0 LnGrp LOS C C B F Approach Vol,veh/h 112 1046 1113 Approach Delay,s/veh 33.3 14.6 55.0 Approach LOS C B E " _TMWg b gts" nWiaet4zIM$TriEtkiifiTRIrIWa iZg Assigned Phs 2 4 5 6 Phs Duration (G+Y+Rc),s 67.5 22.5 9.5 58.0 Change Period(Y+Rc),s 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Max Green Setting(Gmax),s 63.0 18.0 5.0 53.5 Max Q Clear Time(g_c+11),s 35.4 7.0 2.8 55.5 Green Ext Time(p_c),s 19.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 Intersect it Summa _: �. ' h}. _ d _ , «, WCinr- ,A tt - Pa rg B HCM 2010 Ctrl Delay 35.4 HCM 2010 LOS D nSynchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 2 � 1 App endix E Analysis Reports Future (2035) With Project Conditions — Capacity Limits HCM 2010 AWSC Future (2035) With Project - 43 Units 10: Alii Drive & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:PM Peak Hour iiitersecfon Intersection Delay,s/veh 34.9 Intersection LOS D Moveme_`t . _.r�E.... - W tt�..���:.�_�` `� ���RWB.Ux�,_�WBL k.�:�:�t:'� �R}��°;NBUtaW4BWRENBR'��'TVIMWSBLaR-TEESTMi Lane Configurations � T.+ 4 Traffic Vol,veh/h 0 58 79 0 397 83 0 115 453 Future Vol,veh/h 0 58 79 0 397 83 0 115 453 Peak Hour Factor 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 Heavy Vehicles,% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Mvmt Flow 0 67 91 0 456 95 0 132 521 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 �.� }`��c+c ,,��...�"� cp� k ; -.^.�. �� ;,...�y�--�-<�k.,a-.r�.�,��,s�.r�„*"'.7. �a� t �...�"'2,.x.-�„ '�'y} ?' v rx � � "moi Approach rt, ,� WB �' ,�. "h.JBI �, t �.,F.1 S ZF :UP, Opposing Approach SB NB Opposing Lanes 0 1 1 Conflicting Approach Left NB WB Conflicting Lanes Left 1 0 2 Conflicting Approach Right SB WB Conflicting Lanes Right 1 2 0 HCM Control Delay 11.4 26.8 47.5 HCM LOS B D E r� V .,t+N-"r .^a.x,,,..,ms..w.,. Sakv.. •� - .ia. ..6 ,__J.�a.,»._.. _,tia5#bayt ..a-:w.e..r,S.... s'xc<Y',k.f.. ..sv�.r'G.:.Ps,m -:cRu�.,,,_.�a; s1, .., ...4,e..�+, ol Left,% 0% 100% 0% 20% Vol Thru,% 83% 0% 0% 80% Vol Right,% 17% 0% 100% 0% Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Traffic Vol by Lane 480 58 79 568 LT Vol 0 58 0 115 Through Vol 397 0 0 453 RT Vol 83 0 79 0 Lane Flow Rate 552 67 91 653 Geometry Grp 2 7 7 2 Degree of Util(X) 0.808 0.147 0.169 0.957 Departure Headway(Hd) 5.273 7.919 6.687 5.279 Convergence,YIN Yes Yes Yes Yes Cap 684 452 535 686 Service Time 3.319 5.684 4.451 3.322 HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.807 0.148 0.17 0.952 HCM Control Delay 26.8 12.1 10.8 47.5 HCM Lane LOS DBBE HCM 95th-tile Q 8.3 0.5 0.6 13.9 Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 1 , c �l � HCM 2010 AWSC Future (2035) With Project -44 Units 10: Alii Drive & Laaloa Avenue Timing Plan:PM Peak Hour n ,IrffefSeCh n- t4'":1 i Vit''.. § ai �-�a^"•r �h � � � *a > Y� .. r�-"r,:, .�.s'�,F...;i.-,snrM,.,......� �vu..:..sn. .k_.�+m.�... sn,.�...w......u�t4,...4"�.,.�:.......,_s..� ,F..,.�._.�.s�.�*,�.:*?:;.,o.?'.:.,.��s..�.�;� Intersection Delay,s/veh 35.1 Intersection LOS E Mokement .;.:� �`-t. i-V/VS l lilt W4 a ,.R.J,akNBt?1.- a aln- NBRu SBU 4 . 1=- i. -_�j , .c. Lane Configurations Vi r 1 4 Traffic Vol,veh/h 0 58 79 0 397 84 0 115 453 Future Vol,veh/h 0 58 79 0 397 84 0 115 453 Peak Hour Factor 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.87 0.87 Heavy Vehicles,% 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Mvmt Flow 0 67 91 0 456 97 0 . 132 521 Number of Lanes 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 Aroach' ` VIMET S`*+�s"'` BV�' ,.5'2�i,3s- s n%T xs"^5``T s c 1+Yg 4x2 r Y { F+P aF.+a'S s F�" r ,iC+p ""'z, ry j ,.3�.�....: .� � �. ,�w �..,....��L�F,�r,�.:t".u.... .w...��_mom'.-. tV__e..:'�,_.�.'�:.4.+u+- .�5....a s... !.�,�.+.3u'�ir._ww"r�s 3 Opposing Approach SB NB Opposing Lanes 0 1 1 Conflicting Approach Left NB WB Conflicting Lanes Left 1 0 2 Conflicting Approach Right SB WB Conflicting Lanes Right 1 2 0 HCM Control Delay 11.4 26.9 47.7 HCM LOS B D E C ane x _ :Mw 6B _ n2 LRPas � x�i nx xu- M� Vol Left,% 0% 100% 0% 20% Vol Thru,% 83% 0% 0% 80% Vol Right,% 17% 0% 100% 0% Sign Control Stop Stop Stop Stop Traffic Vol by Lane 481 58 79 568 LT Vol 0 58 0 115 Through Vol 397 0 0 453 RT Vol 84 0 79 0 Lane Flow Rate 553 67 91 653 Geometry Grp 2 7 7 2 Degree of Util(X) 0.81 0.147 0.169 0.958 Departure Headway(Hd) 5.273 7.923 6.691 5.281 Convergence,YIN Yes Yes Yes Yes Cap 686 452 534 686 Service Time 3.319 5.688 4.455 3.324 HCM Lane V/C Ratio 0.806 0.148 0.17 0.952 HCM Control Delay 26.9 12.1 10.8 47.7 HCM Lane LOS D B B E HCM 95th-tile Q 8.4 0.5 0.6 13.9 C✓ Synchro 9 Report SSFM International Page 1 6. DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY LETTER DATED JANUARY 2, 2015 0 • A1 j n ztst9 -i+ " S AN DEPARTMENT OF WATER ER SUPPLY0® COUNTY OF HtaiWAI` F y�Tfi 345 KEKUANAO'A STREET. SUITE 20 a HILO, HAWAII 96720 Hman ti.........*z an•".-`"�'a„' T:I..E::"HOAlE (808) 181-1-.1050 FAX /91c1 CJ61_c;c. January 2,2015 Ms. Gayle Ching MacArthur&Company 65-1148 Mamalahoa Highway Kamuela,HI 96743 WATER AVAILABILITY FOR TAX MAP KEY 7-7-008:021 AND 120 This is in response to your letter dated September 16,2014. Per our telephone conversation,the parcels in question were incorrectly stated in your letter.` This letter is to confirm the water availability for the subject parcels. Water availability in the area, which is subject to change without notice, allows for up to whatever the current zoning allows,not to exceed a maximum of 50 units of water,per existing lot of record. An additional six(6)units of water are available,per existing lot of record, if a % change of zone is approved by the Planning Department. However,please be informed that the existing lot of record,Parcel 21, had been divided into three parcels by the Ali`i Bypass Highway and the extension of La`aloa Avenue. The 50 units that would be available to the original pre-existing lot of record are therefore available to Parcels 021, 120 and 124.(not 50 units for each parcel). Until a water commitment is effected,through the filing of a proper land use application and payment of the required water commitment deposit,the Department can only confirm that a total of 50 units of water are available to Parcels 021, 120 and 124. Please keep in mind that this letter shall not be construed as a water commitment. In other words, unless a water commitment is officially effected,water availability is subject to change without notice,depending on the water situation. Should there be any questions,please contact Ryan Quitoriano of our Water Resources and PIanning Branch at 961-8070, extension 256. Sincerely yours, a Qom. colQuirino Antonio, r., P.E. 11 Manager-Chief Engineer RQ:dfg . .Water, Our Most. Precious Resource . . . `7ta 41=1'rzi A Kane . . . The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer 0 0 7. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY DATED DECEMBER 16, 1985 C _ ._.. • • .. . ,e • • • • • • r • • • • • • • • s•• t1 iG f< C. ' .....,....i:...,.;••••:.......:..,. :v:. •..-;••••::.;.*::„:.',;....-.[:::';',:''',:::;iri:i. ):. •• - • i �k • • • aux ' • -• • ems' -••••'....-...,•,•••:-.--,--5-7‘.4‘„,. 4 IV. • • '�� a r : 3cik i' } • c g21.w' t • qq• :sem y •�.``'- -� : t YAP.7;„,i3-.7.4.-4— t.}i�a_4 } c • • z'? � rr # • • { Y 'Y a '1 V oFtp S`.{'�J Xi.1 „1.- 3.-,T.4:11''..11-1.V."...-.Z.':;: • . - - - '3' rf .�,x f Lis • y >,'4. -70:• i'g a 1• , A.- r {f • • • ', a • - c S, _K#-Sar: f .' .�.,. r,n . • " s c -: G91 ; ,� t { fps M.7,4.,-r,- T$ £fid y t x r. jri7 sd:�i a—^ �r '..wQui'� • • �`-i+T �'' K 1-"c,.r�'`� s: r-:-.-.... ...,..--.:_i"-: t:- • n.•‘. r ,p.,,,,...;...„;.:• iy-y. •t• iy .S � ;, '� °-,r51 'r �asr•V .x.- G ..: . , , •. _ 0 • C of Report 172-121685 01 1 C e3 41, 195' I ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY RAHOEHOE 2nd PROJECT AREA LAND OF PAHDEHOE 2nd INORTH KONA, ISLAND OF HAWAII #TMK:3-7-7-08:21) I I i by II Margaret L.K. Rasendahl, B.A., S.0.P.A. Supervisory Archaeologist IIand Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D. Principal Archaeologist II1 • prepared for Mr. Paul Dumas c/o Sidney Fuke, Planning Consultant ® • 100 Pauahi Street, Suite 212 ® Hilo, Hawaii 96720 1 December 16, 1985 LI) I C.% C t172-121685 i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 , Gage INTRODUCTION. ...... .. ....... .1940.. .... ......Deeebee OOOOO W OOOOOOOO awe Scope of Werk.. .............,....... ..mama........ 1 Project Area Description...... . .... .... ....... ........ ....a3 Previous Archaeological Work.......... ...............a....... . 4 Field Methods and Procedures 5 FIELDWORK FINDINGS..... .........................a........®..® 6 Summary. .. .... .............................. ..............a6 Site Descriptions . ... ... .. ........ ........a■ 7 PRELIMINARY HISTORY DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH FINDINGS............ 36 CONCLUSION...... ......,.mein. .. ..............a37 Discussion 37 J Evaluations and Recommendations.. .... . ............. .. . ... same4441 . 36 REFERENCES CITED................ .. ...... 41 APPENDIX A. Preliminary Historical Documentary Research.. ...... 49 (By Carol L. Silva) LIST OF I LLUST RAT I ONSS 44, re Figure Page • 11 1 Project Location Map E 2 Project Site Location Map. ..... ..... . .. ......................at end 3 Plan Map of Site 6347.... ......vow ..... ....... .... . ........a8 �s. • 172-121685 ii Figure Pane • 4 Plan Map-of Sites 6348, 6349, 6350 10 SPlan Map of Site 6990...... .......... ....... . 14 11 6 Plan Map of Site 6991 17 7 Plan Map of Site 6992 19 8 . Plan Map of Site 6994 20 9 Plan Map of Site 6994 • 21 10 Plan Map of Site 9850 23 11 Plan Map of Site 9850 24 12 Plan Map of Site T-6 26 13 Plan Map of Sites T-8 and T-10. . ..... .....o 28 11 • 14 Sketch Map of T-12 30 15 Plan Map of Site T-14 31 11 16 -Sketch Map of T-17.. .. ............ ............4000.0aaaMeamiaady0 33 17 Sketch Map of T-18 33 18 Sketch Map of T- 0............ ........®........... . ........ ... 35 19 Sketch Map of T-22 35 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Summary of Previously Identified Sites......... ......... . 42 2 Summary of Newly Identified Sites.............................. 46 • • I 1 i 111 C �l , 172-121685 ' 1 INTRODUCTION At the request of Mr. SidneyFuke, Consultant , for his client q Planning e Mr. Paul Dumas, Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. (PHRI) conducted an archa- eological reconnaissance survey of the Pahoehoe 2nd Project Area in the Land of Pahoehoe 2nd, North Kona, Island of Hawaii (Figure 1). The primary objective of this survey was to provide information concerning the 11 archaeological and historical aspects of the project area sufficient to satisfy an application requirement for a State Land Use Boundary amendment petition. The proposed level of work was to be adequate for preparation 11 of any subsequent Special Management Area (SMA) permit application and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The purpose of this preliminary report is to present a statement of 11 progress upon completion of field work. Reconnaissance survey field work was carried out or, November 11-15, 1585, by a four-man field team under the overall direction of Principal Investigator.Dr. Paul H. Rosendahl and 11 the on-site supervision of Field Archaeologist Mr. James Landrum. Dr. Rosendahl and Field Archaeologist Mr. Alan Walker were on-site November 15, 1585. An additional two days of field work was conducted on November 26 and 27, 1585, by a three-man crew under the direct supervision of Supervisory Archaeologist Margaret L.K. Rosendahl. Approximately 230 man-hours of labor were expended overall in the field. a h • .aa ,> SCOPE OF WORK • The basic purpose of an archaeological reconnaissance survey is to identify--to .discover and locate on available maps--sites or features of possible archaeological significance. A reconnaissance survey is simply a pedestrian, or walk-throegh, survey--extensive rather than intensive in scope--conducted to determine the presence or absence of archaeological resources within a specified project area. Reconnaissance survey indi- rates both the general nature and variety of archaeological remains pre- sent, and the general distribution and density of such remains. A recon- naissance survey permits a preliminary evaluation of the archaeological - resources, and facilitates formulation of realistic recommendations and estimates _ for such further archaeological work as might be necessary or appropriate. Such further work could include intensive survey--detailed recording of sites and features, and selected test excavations; and pos- sibly subsequent mitigation--salvage research excavations, interpretive 'planning, and/or preservation of sites and features with significant scientific research, interpretive, and/or cultural values. The basic objective of the proposed reconnaissance survey was to identify and evaluate sites and features of potential archaeological sig- nificance present within the Pahoehoe 2nd Project Area. Based an prior II discussions with Dr. Ross Cordy--staff archaeologist in the Hawaii State Historic Preservation Office, and Ms. Virginia Goldstein--staff planner 1:-- and historic sites specialist irs the Hawaii County Planning Department, ) , 172-121685 2 1 0 1 i ,...D.a... r• ,�+.. ,...t. • .1 '11.-4 fit. ,._. 4. t r is 4 �. Jt, 0010 • :: `. , ILAut a•a3N 15&W ,,i0;,,, i = ''1'.•-,•. , .1•• ' i • 11w quite K•rA. seA • f F .71: • Kuk Mas *. Waimea Is 1•lw. . +ZO'N ♦ . ` .I .� ..•"-P Il.ra nI% �(a�ml. tislaAa �. .'1,1 .;i;1F7: y ,� 4. i�tt;o 4 ar ' :; • t rw . , wawa.... Iloa•aac,.. : ;U Asi.A,L; 1 t ' •: •`. .H.. r, A'etaear�.y ,-.. , ..a ...• ..•• :'� 7,..'i •e' �'f 1 -:.$.. ,I. ,x.. alp r.r1 A PROJECT AREA �.'''�.• •1 .� • ¢, 1 rc.a:.lit, '� !f '' ;l k K•sl.kvkW % P. .*t: - ••• IrA•alman Vla.v. .fig• '. 4/. ,,. CApI..k Cook -"};: • _ . r V t. ,...•_ ...�d • 1"1"'''''.;c KuauaW b Y...:L, •�. • Halms, Af�loA•Aaw Amy Nwra.®... '' ,o.1.�. . . 111H.war.1' , • ail1.'+I /e. .� f ..,0ox• ....... • f C 0 5 10M11CA 1 .4 South Ptaint 11 Figure 1. PROJECT LOCATION . Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey 11 Pahoehoe 2nd Project Area North Kona, Island of Hawaii (T :3-7-7-08:21) PURI Project 85-172 November 1985 LIII) (Map taken from Macdonald and Abbott 1970:288.) 172-121685 3 • In , the following specific tasks were determined to constitute an adequate 11 scope of work for the reconnaissance survey: 1. Conduct archaeological background research consisting of the review of all prior relevant archaeological research 11 carried out within and immediately adjacent to the project area; • 11 2. Conduct limited historical documentary research focused on the review and summary of readily available relevant documentary resources, and the assessment of potential for 11 more detailed subsequent historical research that might be appropriate; 3. Conduct 100% coverage ground reconnaissance (variable 11 intensity) of the entire 44+ acre project area, with emphasis being given to the relocation, recording, and evaluation of all previously identified sites present 11 within the project area; and • 4. Analyze all background, historical documentary, and field work research data, and prepare appropriate written 11 reports. PROJECT AREA DESCRIPTION 11 Theproject area consists of one parcel totalling approximately 44 acres in the Land of Pahoehoe grad, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-7-08:21). The project area is an elongated rectangle with maximum dimensions of 4600 ft (E-W) by 500 ft (N-S), extending inland from 11 Alii Drive to Kuakini Highway. Annual rainfall is estimated to be 40 to 50 in (Armstrong 1983:63). • The project area rises in elevation from c. 15 to 470 ft above sea level. The terrain is an undulating surface with 11 pahoehoe bedrock exposures. A soil mantle of Kaimu Series extremely stony peat covers the lower half of the project area, Punaluu Series extremely recky peat over the inland area (Sato et al. 1973: Map Sheet 93). 11 Present vegetation cover varies from moderate to extremely dense, and • consists primarily of the introduced exotics koa-haole (Leucaena :deuce 11 CL. 3 Benth. ), kiawe (Prosopis pallida Numb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.) HBK), 'opiurna (Pithecellobium dulce ERoxb.3 Benth.), scattered monkey pod (Samanea soman tJacq.3 Merr.), guinea grass (Panicum maximum, Jacq. ) and • other exotic grasses and weeds. The portion of the survey- area above the 310 ft elevation is presently used for cattle grazing, and resulted in greater site visibility. The grass has been reduced through grazing to c. 1 ft high. The other portions of the project area have a dense 4-6 ft 11 high grass cover. (17) (D 172-121685 4 ®� PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORK Previous archaeological work conducted within the present project area includes an archaeological reconnaissance of the initial Alii Drive 1 , Realignment between Kahaluu and Kahului ahupua' a, conducted in 1973 by Archaeological Research Center Hawaii, Inc. (ARCH) for Belt, Collins and Associates, Ltd. (Ching et al. 1973). The proposed realignment of the 300 ft wide Alii Drive corridor transects the project area at approximately the 100 ft elevation (identified as CL-A on Figure 2). The objective of that surface ' archaeological survey was to "...locate, identify, describe, and indicate a priority of importance for every feature of archaeological value 'within the assigned study area" (Ching et al. 1973:25). According to the survey report, eight sites and 22-plus component features were identified in the portion of the Realignment Corridor located within the 1 Pahoehoe 2nd project area. The 22-plus component features consisted of the massive Kuakini Wall (Site 630 *)---a site determined eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, two walls (6352, li 6381), one stepping-stone trail (6350), one platform (6349), and three habitation and agricultural complexes (6347, 6348, 6351) consisting of L-shapes, U-shapes, C-shapes, enclosures, and numerous mounds. According 11 to evaluations contained within the report, the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor included an unusually large number of sites, most of.which war- ranted subsequent mitigation in the form of salvage research excavations, • interpretive planning, and/or preservation of sites and features with t-'.\ significant scientific research, interpretive, and/or cultural values. The entire project area was supposedly examined during a subsequent 11 archaeological reconnaissance by Chiniago, Inc. in September 1980. The purpose of this work was to "locate and identify archaeological remains which might lie in the path of a residential development being planned for the area" (Barrera 1980:1). A total of twelve sites and 53-plus component 11 features were identified. . Information on previously identified and desig- nated sites within the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor was not discussed or in any way integrated into the Barrera report; instead, a new site designation was assigned to two previously identified and designated sites within the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor. Most of Site 6348 and Site 6349 are within Barrera' s Site 6990. The twelve sites described by 11 Barrera (1980) included a heiau complex (6991), an extensive Midden deposit (6996), five single feature sites (6984, 6985, 6986, 6993, 6995), and five complexes (6988, 6989, 6990, 6992, 6994). The single feature 11 sites included a terrace (6984), an enclosure (6985), a mound (possible burial, 6986), a C-shape (6993) and a retaining wall (6995). Site 6988 was comprised of a platform and C-shape, and Site 6992 of a terrace and bubble cave. Both complexes were tentatively determined to be used as 11 habitation as well as the larger Site 6989, a complex of eight features (walls, platforms, and terraces). The remaining two complexes, Site 6998 and Site 6994, consisted of habitation, and burial features. The eight 11 features in Site 6994 were primarily walls and mounds. Site 6990 had *Hawaii Register of Historic Places (NRNP) site,.designation system: all CD four-digit site numbers prefixed by 50-10-37- (50=State•of Hawaii, 10= Island of Hawaii, 37=US8S 7.5' series quad map ("Kealakekua, Hawaii"]). 11 11 172-121685 5 25 features including modified outcrops, terraces, enclosures, mounds, and 11 walls. Barrera recommended that "intensive archaeological excavations be undertaken at all sites that lie in the path of development" (1980:25). A more recent inspection of sites situated within the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor took place during the investigation of alternative corridors for the realignment of Alii Drive (Hommon and Rosendahl 1983). The purpose of this study was to provide archaeological data for up-dating the Alii Drive Realignment Environmental Impact Statement being prepared for the County of Hawaii by Belt, Collins & Associates. Undertaken for the purpose of providing planning information for the next phase of archa- 11 ealogical work, the specific task in 1983 was an inspection of those cor- ridor sections that had been surveyed by ARCH in 1973 in order (a) to determine which sites and features reported in Ching et al. (1973) were still present in the'original Alii Drive Realignment Corridor, and (b) to assess the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of recording done dur- ing the earlier survey. irs addition, the 1983 investigation included reconnaissance survey of additional alternative realignment sections that had not been investigated during the initial ARCH realignment corridor (identified as CL-B on Figure 2). All sites in the present project area identified by Ching were relo- 11 cated by Hommon and Rosendahl (1983). in addition, Site 9850 was identified by Hammon and Rosendahl in the present project area during the reconnaissance survey of an alternative corridor section in 1983. Site 9850 was described as an agricultural complex of "numerous terraces, rubble walls, modified outcrops, clearings and mounds, as well as a few platforms distributed throughout the width of the corridor" and 11 ".. .. includes , some structures that may be grave monuments" (Hommon and Rosendahl 1983:169). It was the general recommendation of Hommon and Rosendahl (1983) that the 1973 ARCH survey area should be subjected to the same level of reconnaissance survey as the 1983 survey. Furthermore, the 11 Pahoehoe 2nd Project Area itself was found to be situated entirely within the four-corner locational boundary of the Kona Field System (6601), a very large complex (c. 3 by 18 miles) of aboriginal Hawaiian dryland 1 cultivation and habitation features also eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. rr 1 FIELD METHODS AND PRODCEDURES I The field survey was accomplished by a series of east-west pedestrian ps across the entire parcel. Distance between crew members varied from 10-15 m, according to vegetation density and local terrain. The approximate locations of all identified sites were plotted on a blueline II topographic map (10 ft contours, approximate scale: 1" = 200' ) of the project area provided by Imata & Associates Inc. (Figure 2. ) Each site was described on standard PHRI site survey record forms, and only selected sites were photographed in 35 mm black-and-white due to the dense vegetation and the great amount of time necessary to adequately clear the sites. Each site, or the primary feature within a site complex, was marked with red and blue flagging tape, and with an aluminum tag 1 172-121685 6 11Th bearing the site number, date, and PHRI project number (85-172). Flagging II tape with the site number was also wrapped around a rock and placed on the structure as an aid to future site reidentification. Additional component features were also marked with red and blue flagging tape, and tape with the feature designation was wrapped around a rock and placed on the struc- ture. Sites were assigned temporary field numbers (1-). The temporary numbers used were T-1, -3, -5, -6, -8, -12, -14 to -23, and -25 to -28. Several temporary numbers (T-2, -4, -7, -13, and -24) were eliminated as 1 these sites were incorporated into adjacent site areas. Previously recorded sites were also relocated and marked in similar fashion. Scaled plan maps (1:100 scale) were made at Sites 6347, 6348 (Feature I D), 6349, 6350, 6990 (Features A-E, 6), 6991 (Features A, 8), 6992, 6994 (Features A, B, E, F), 9850 (Features A-M, P), T-6 (Feature A), 1-8, T-10, and T-14 (Features A, B). Sketch maps (not to scale) were made at Sites IIT-12, -17, -18, -20, and -22. , The previously recorded sites were described at different levels of I detail. Some descriptions have the overall dimensions of the complex with very general information on feature types contained within the complex boundaries. In contrast, other site descriptions present information on individual feature measurements. 1 FIELD WORK FINDINGS SUMMARY • A total of 44 sites (481+ component features) were identified within the overall project area. Tables 1 and 2 (at end) summarize the identi- 11 fied sites and their component features with respect to formal type, ten- tative functional interpretation, and preliminary evaluation of site signi- ficance. Table 1 summarizes previously identified sites. Table 2 summa- 1 rizes newly identified sites within the Pahoehoe 2nd Project Area. Site locations are indicated on Figure 2 tat end). I Of the 44 sites identified within the poject. area, 21 (92+ component ures) had been previously recorded (Table 1) and 23 sites (389+ compo- nent features) (Table 2) were newly identified. All of the previously recorded sites were relocated. In general, there were numerous additional I minor features that had not been initially included in the site descrip- tions. Nine of the previously identified sites (39 component features) were identified within the two Alii Drive Realignment Corridors. The I remaining 12 of the previously identified sites (53+ component features) were located within- the overall project area. One of these sites (6990) partially overlaps two sites (6348, 6349) recorded earlier within the Alii liDrive Realignment Corridor. • The range of formal feature types encountered included walled shelters and enclosures, terraces, , raised stone platforms, mounds, modified out- crops, walls, trails, and a surface midden concentration. Tentative LID . I . C . C 172-121685 7 IC functional site types included agricultural field systems components, boundary walls, burials, habitation features, ranching features, and a heiau. Sites were distributed generally throughout the entire project area. The heiau (6991), and possibly associated habitation complexes (6994, T-10) were the larger, more impressive sites, and these were 1 located at the lower elevations. smaller habitation features and associ- ated agricultural features were identified throughout the area. The most inland portion of the project area had the agricultural field boundaries 11 of the typical Korsa Field System. Possible burials were rioted throughout the area, in addition to deep soil within the inland half of the project area which may also contain burial remains. Trail segments (6350, 1-23, 1-28) were oriented rnauka-makai (E-W), and Site 6350 was originally des- 11 cribed as a stepping-stone trail. Portions of this trail system are actually built up and have a raised appearance. ilSITE DESCRIPTIONS II6302 Great Wall of Kuakini Hornmr3rs and Roseridahl give the following description of the Great Wall of Kuakini: This site is a core-filled wall that extends through all of 11-2 the ahuoua'a crossed by the Alii Drive realignment corridors. The wall is about 9 kilometers (c. 5.6 miles) long and varies from about 1 to 2 meters in thickness and from 1.5 to 3 meters 11 high and usually tapers somewhat in cross section so that the top is narrower than the bottom. According to Baker (1915:83), this wall was "built in 11 Kuakini's time to .keep pigs from the cultivated lands above." Kelly and Barrere (1980:30) indicate that the wall was called simply the "Great Wall" until about 1855, about eleven years 11 after the end of Kuakini' s term as governor (1820-1844). In 1978 the Great Wall of Kuakini was determined eligible for , placement on the National Register of Historic Places (1983:142). 11 . The wall crosses the project area at c. 125 ft -above sea level. Portions of the wall are partially collapsed but in general, this feature II is in good condition. Ching originally described this particular portion of the wall during the 1973 Alii Drive Realignment Corridor Survey (1973:48, 118). 647 Complex Figure 3 This complex was originally described during the initial Alii Drive Reali-gnment reconnaissance survey (Ching et al. 1973:48, 62-63, 78-79,. �, 171, Map 60)) and later field checked during both the 1983 Alii Drive • Realignment survey (Hommors and Rosendahl 1983:234, 250) and this present 1 C 172-121685 8 1� _ \--0 1 MN Vertical Pipe .• ! ;II"i g Site 6381 k ' . 1 L a el ltio rgV 11.42 ll� •\tom, !�. 4411P:1; O '447010 is foil //Owl . ,., VI,-.401•.0 0:1"Av..0•41p4• dokiAddb v• in Figure 3 • Nisid Site 6347 I 1 study. The complex consists of a II-shape measuring 4. 0 by 4.0 m and 0.8 m high and five mounds located within a 40.0 by 50,0 m area. A field check reduced the overall dimensions to c. 30.0 .(E-W) by 15.0° m (N-S). Site 6347 is a small portion of an extensive habitation and agricultural complex located within the project area. I I IC) • I c 0 172-121685 9 1,, c___! 634$ Complex Figure 4 11 Site 6348 was recorded by Ching in 1973 and includes five features: Feature A, a U-shape (5.0 by 3.0 ra and 0.3 m high), Feature 8, a U-shape (3.0 by 3.0 m and 0.3 m high), Feature C, a walled rectangular shelter y d (4.0 by 4.0 m and 0.2 m high), Feature D a C-sha (4.0 0.2 m high), and an undesignated feature, a U-shape (5.0 by 5.5 n•and 0.3 rn high). A stepping-stone trail, Site 6350, passes through the site and II Site 6349, a platform is situated within the limits of this complex (Ching et al. 1973:48, 60-63, 68-69, 172, Map 61). 11 Most of Site 6348 is located within a larger and overlapping site area that was designated Site 6990 by Barrera during the -subsequent 1980 reconnaissance survey of the Paheehoe 2nd Project Area. The correlating feature designations of Site 6990 are presented with that site II description. Information on the 1973 survey was not incorporated into the 1980 survey and therefore, the replication of site numbers. 11 6349 Mound Figure 4 11 This single feaiure, a mound, ' is located within the limits of Site 6348 and was originally described in 1973 by Ching (Ching et al. 1973:48, 88-89, 172, Map 61); It also appears that Barrera's 1980 survey assigned it Feature H of Site 6990. FL) The feature is constructed around an outcrop and measures c. 5.0 by 3.0 rn and a maximum of 1. 15 m high. It is very crudely faced with no il visible cultural materials. It was originally designated as a burial feature (Ching et al. 1973:48, 88-89, 172,, Map 61). 11 6350 Steppinn-stone Trail . Figure 4 Site 6350, a stepping-stone trail, is located along the south side of 11 the project area. It continues inland for c. 3.5 m from Site 6994 to c. 160 ft above sea level. The trail averages 1.0 in in width and 0.5 rn high. It is constructed of large flat boulders with smaller foundation 1 stones. Portions are built up and give it a raised appearance. The trail is in good shape. Two, other similar trail segments were located within the project area. One segment, Site 1-28, is parallel to the inland portion of 6350. The other site, 1-23, consists of two segments located further inland and parallelling the northern boundary. It is likely that all three sites are part of the same trail system for Pahoehoe 2nd, Portions of this trail have been well documented (Ching et al. 1973: 48, 94, 95, 172, 173, Map 61, Map 62, and Hommon and Rosendahl 1983:235, 250), though its full extent would need to be surveyed. I 6351 Complex tThis complex was originally described during the Alii Drive Realigr: ■ ! 811111 ..L. l . SIN linti MS MIR OE ME MIS i-7,1111 EIS Me SIM NM NEE :i,,,,,, Ellitir-'1111111 ME ) _....) —' - . • . U ,-- . ! , . • . 1- --, I..) ..:.... ,.....,..„,,,• ...,,._ MN f.'s t,) F-d 00 . • • . ..0.• d 'Ds ' , • j'i- 1 2! 41-'7% Ilk •s .110 • vAll„till11%..... A, rTh IV ed'it 4,7 11Siztiefti. 114 * . • *OF"1 .4r4iilik) 1 ci 64 ft ---41'41.1S . 11...ikx tlarill 4 0 411.61Va . -4•1*t ilk. AWN pa -: - . 6349 t•$::49i "'of,g ,4-° igr • . • 0444.1 . . o • 0 ,,,,e 0 - 6350 - 4,.., • • • -807 1.,.. ...*di • • ....*‘..."' • 6848% AW0W Featur e D • ° •ill 0Q, • ell'''N 0 "IMP % . .IS Or D .• A#057." Li 40 ilii erio p 10 i ifiNr4 a E, „I •6 iii 'Mgt° * , alloys • w...p. ... 6 At 1,7* AP—. 4•411a0 , (--) • Zs,. 1 _f\.) , q, : . P 7. . ' • 0 5 m • IIIIME=MIEnali ' , • Figure 4 Sites 6348 (Feature D) 0 10 6349 and 6350 1 . . 1 11 C, C 172-121685 . 11 event Corridor Survey (Ching et al. 1973: 48, 60-63, 66-69, 78, 79, 174, Map 63). The portion of the site that is in the project area has only il been estimated. Feature A, a C-shape measuring 4.0 by 4.2 m and 0. high, and several crude mounds appearfeatures4 n to be the only within Pahoehoe 2nd. The features are part of an extensive agricultural and 11 habitation complex. • 11 6352 Wall Site 6352 is the boundary wall between Pahoehoe 2nd and Pahoehoe 3rd. The wall begins at Kuakini Wall (Site 6302) and extends inland along the il project area's south boundary. This feature measures 1.0-1.2 m high and 0.8-0.9 rn wide, and is core-filled. 11 6381 Wall 11 Site 6381, a core-filled wall, marks the boundary between Pahoehoe 1st and Pahoehoe 2nd. It measures c. 1.2 m high and averages 0.65 m wide. It follows the length of the project area's north boundary. 11 6984 Terrace Barrera provides the following description of Site 6984; This is a habitation terrace measuring 5.3 by 5.8 meters 11 and standing to a height of 0.9 meter. The upslope end of this feature is built against a bedrock lava outcrop, the surface of which undoubtedly served as part of the living area (1980:6-7). There is no cultural material on the surface. 6985 Enclosure Site 6985, an enclosure, was originally described by Barrera in 1980 (1980:7, Figure 4). This is a very crude feature located at the base of a 11 steep slope. It measures c. 3. 1 by 3.8 m and 0.8 m high. There is no cultural material evident on the surface. 6986 Mound 11 This single feature, a mound, measures c. 3.0 m in diameter and 1. 1 in high. Barrera originally identified it as a possible burial (1980:7-8). No cultural material was present on the surface. 11 . • • 172-121685 12 6988 Complex These two habitation features are located on top of a slope Barrera gives the following information, 11 Feature A - This is a habitation, platform that measures 3.8 by 8.5 meters and stands to a height of 1.3 meters, built on the side of a flat-topped bedrock outcrop. 11 . r Feature B - This is a C-shaped habitation, shelter measuring 5.0 by 8.7 meters and standing to a height of 1.0 meter, also built against a small bedrock outcrop (1980;8-9). . These features do correspond with the original description, though there are numerous other features in the area. li ' 6989, Complex Site 6989 was originally described during Barrera's 1980 reconnaissance and field checked during the current research. This complex is located on an open hillside and includes additional features. 11 Site T-27 is very similar , to Feature F and is located adjacent to this complex. The following descriptive information is given for Site 6989: _..7_,,,.) Site 6989 is a habitation complex consisting of eight features located on a sloping hillside. 11. Feature q -- This is a habitation shelter measuring 8.5 by 10 meters and standing to a height of 1.4 meters. It is 11 delineated on three sides by stone walls or mounds and on the fourth by a bedrock ledge 0.35 meter high. Feature B - This is an arc-shaped habitation shelter measuring 2.5 meters by 4.5 meters and standing to a height of 0.7 meter. 11 . Feature C - This is an L-shaped habitation shelter measuring 4.2 by 4.5 meters and standing to a height of 0.8 meter. Feature D - This is a C-shaped habitation shelter measuring 2.7 by 5. 1 meters and standing to a height of 0.6 meter. Feature E - This is a retaining wall measuring 10 meters in length and 1.5 meters in width. It is level with the slope on 11 the uphill side and stands to height of 0.7 meter on the downhill side. Feature F - This is a habitation shelter consisting of two ti stone platforms and a wall-section. It measures 5.4 by 8.1 meters and stands to a height of 1.3 meters. I 0 11 ' 172-121685 13 \) Feature G - This is a retaining wall measuring 9.5 meters 11 in length and 1.5 meters in width. It is level with the slope or: the uphill side and stands to a height of 1.0 meter on the downhill side. It is possible that the area behind this wall was a habitation area. li Feature H - This is a rock mound measuring 2.0 by 4.2 meters and standing to a height of 0.8 meter (Barrera 1980: 11 9-11). 11 6990 Complex Figure 5 Site 6990 identifies an extensive habitation and agricultural complex which overlaps previously designated areas (Sites 6348 and 11 6349). in the following feature descriptions, the brackets 13 are used to present the probable correlating designation given by Ching et al. (1973). Barrera's 1980 survey identified 25 features.. They are as follows. iiFeature A - This is a rock outcrop measuring approximately 7 by 15 meters and standing to a height of 2.5 meters. On top of the outcrop is a small possible paved area measuring 1.2 by ---:'') 1.6 meters, built of basalt rocks measuring about 0. 1 by 0. 15 meter. A natural hole in the bedrock, 1.2 meters deep, is located 2.5 meters east of the possible paving. No evidence of human use was observed, but it was included in the site description because of the possibility that it may have been utilized. • Feature B - This. is a habitation terrace and enclosure covering a total area of 5.0 by 10.0 meters. The terrace measures 3.7 by 4.0 meters and stands to a maximum height of 11 0.7 meter. The adjacent enclosed area is formed by a 0.4 meter high bedrock ledge and a wall that stands to a height of 0.8 meter. [Feature C of Site 6348.] Feature C - This is a habitation terrace with a habitation shelter situated ors 'top. The terrace covers an area of 10 by 13 meters, and stands to a height of 1.2 meters. The shelter 11 measures 2.3 by 4.2 meters and is formed by walls that stand to a height of 0.8 meter. (Feature B of Site 6348.3 IIFeature D - This is a habitation terrace measuring 7 by 11 meters and standing to a height of 1.2 meters. The back of the terrace is formed by a retaining wall that stands to a height IIof 0.3 meter. [Feature A of Site 6348.3 Feature E - This is a habitation, shelter measuring 5.0 by 8.0 meters, with walls that stand to a height of 0.8 meter. ') The back of the shelter is formed by a retaining wall that stands to a height of 1.0 meter. I ling (.I. ... .. Min Eni MIMI Min an • Ca- w MN t. ® 1 w Feature E Nt ` %.11g. ,/ - 1 • 00( • .. 0 • .4.. ol. ,1•7457,i' .1 / _b• •41. tir• IST q ;�� .. '4 Ali r 4�f��f r}I���t�. , • veil �'� ,. ••1•Q'' `' t, a/11+jIf � a }:.•�/ ten►.•-' air??I igii7•1NO 'ic Uprights , -.• .,.. �I�,�,!/�'� 'Ili 11�� '�»��i,••••4. sail / Feature C fig uprights, pri�h . � Feature 8 , ::5., - %,• ••)4,, I. 44. ::e :, $ t i • .1•a t4-hV' f111� ',71:,••� • •��• v` i C•c- {• .....l4 or re* / 4" Peature B . , 1ia,,�ef,, le �� yiil.8 ° . ••Ql •o d0' ° o«�:• Figure 5 0 5m Feature A i. t- Sate 6990 • Features A-E and G • 11 C) 1 - 172-121685 15 Feature F - This is a possible burial mound measuring 2.0 by 3.3 meters and standing to a height of 0.9 meter. Feature G - This is a probable burial mound measuring 2.7 by 3.5 meters and standing to a height of 1.0 meter. Feature H - This is an outcrop of pahoehoe lava measuring 6 by 8 meters, the northeast side of which has been modified by 11 the addition of crude stone walls, forming a possible habitation platform. (Site 6349.) Feature I - This is a small rock mound measuring 1.8 by 3.0 11 meters and standing to a height of 1.0 meter. • Feature 3 -.This is a rock mound measuring 2.6 by 4.8 meters and standing to a height of 0.6 meter. It is possible that this is a natural, rather than a man-made feature. 11 Feature K -- This is a possible burial mound measuring 1.8 by 1.9 meters and standing to a height of 1.5 meters. Feature L - This is a retaining wall measuring 1.2 by 2.4 meters and standing to a height of 1. 1 meters. The small level ' area behind the wall may have served as a habitation terrace. Feature M - This is a retaining wall measuring 1.8 by 2.3 meters and standing to a height of 1.2 meters. The small' level area behind the wall may have served as a habitation area. 11 Feature N - This is a possible burial mound measuring 2.0 by 3.3 meters and standing to a height of 1.5 meters. Feature 0 - This . is a retaining wall measuring 1. 1 by 2.2 meters and standing to a height of 0.5 meter. The small level area behind the wall may have served as a habitation terrace. eFeature P - This is a possible burial mound measuring 2.4 by 3.3 meters and standing to a height of 1.0 meter. 11 Feature 0 (Figure 9) - This is a probable habitation terrace measuring 4.0 by 9.0 meters and standing to a height of 1.7 meters. 11 Feature R - This is a rock mound measuring 1.7 by 3.3 meters and standing to a height of 0.6 meter. 11 Feature S - This is a possible burial mound measuring 3.3 by 5.0 meters and standing to a height of 0.7 meter. • Feature T - This is either a rock mound or a collapsed wall covering an area of 6.5 by 7.4 meters and standing to a height of 1.0 meter. t� r ^ _ _ _ . _ _ . . _ . _ 11 0 \\\ 9 i;� 172-12168516 Feature U - This is a possible burial mound measuring 3.5 by 6.5 meters and standing to a height of 0.8 meter. Feature V - This is a rock mound measuring 1.8 by 2.2 meters and standing to a height of 0.6 meter. 11 Feature W - This feature consists of two possible burial mounds connected by a low, crude wall. It covers an area- of 3 by 15 meters, and stands to a height of 1.0 meter. Feature X - This is a rock mound measuring 1.3 by 2.5 11 meters and standing to a height of 1.2 meters. Feature V - This is a possible burial mound measuring 2.8 by 3.9 meters and standing to a height of 1.0 meter. 6991 Figure 6 IN 11 Site 6991 is the most impressive site within the project limits. It has been functionally interpreted as a ceremonial, or heiausite due to its structural form and sire. Preliminary historical research has noted n ; the presence of a heiau, although a location and name were not given (C. Silva, Appendix A). Information presented by native claimants during the Mahele described the land in Pahoehoe 2 as "Haleolono", a possible reference to a type of heiau dedicated to the major god Lono or more U specifically "to the thatched house within the temple confines where the U highest ranking chiefs remained and the gods themselves were kept. " (C. Silva, Appendix A. ) . 11 The site is comprised of two major features. Feature A is a large terrace withnumerous interior features and an enclosing-wall. Feature B is a platform that may possibly have been the priest's residence. Feature A is comprised of numerous interior features described as follows 11 Feature 1 is an enclosed area on the north side of the main structure measuring 13.0 by 6.5 ma. The interior consists of a il boulder and cobble paving and soil. A raised terrace (3.5 by 2.0 ma) is situated within this feature and may contain burials. Feature 2 is a standing wall that encloses the main terraced 11 area. It has a maximum exterior height of 1.75 m, an interior height of 1. 10 m, and a width of 1.0 m. II Feature 3 is a lava bubble that has a space, 0.4 ra high by 0.65 m in diameter. There is organically stained soil within the feature. 11 Feature 4 is a level soil area off• the east side of the main terrace. It measures 7.5 by 9.0 m. In Feature 5 is a cobble paved area off the S-W corner of the structure. C) • i i i 172-121685 Klawe 1 V . _.,. ... V®piuma° 17 r`S ,D o \%c fid'b d� o•!AL`..o .?�" tri -,-. . 0 a �• 'fit .%. fib Feature ;, , : ,•:., . ' :: Feature A to r., _ _ 11.0411 ./S , ® O PI o O ,' •`! 'A Feature 2 0116,;:0 7.•it ,• P Q.Q a Pito , l��:i��:�,g4ItkT�r�!i►t� Q • Q� I �•,.. � Cr off" !r%, �. +irregular I oulder/Cotslbla i •••ci, . I..' ► 'o� do5,rarface . r ,1 •ii �,. LIP 6 i torr % .. .42 i'1 of a ^•.,•"«1 i p dot SOH - • �.i may -,'•( D(j'aP •�•.:"Pi� ?•0' to '77 •`�1••�•1 •'1 .D••y��a 0�,1 V G Q ,y__.• ® A, 4 a o I y ...a ,�y,s. jt3,1•B PAA sp 0 I Q n d®a t� ,. . �•. -'® tune �Kiawe -,r• ..Y.1,,i=��4.43y5.'\� 0` I •64,4F �� 1 •<c, �Q r� • �i ..• g ��F • �. •°=gip°o•: :._1'' ©°Pit $Feat1 rc-69 1 +� . i•1 , t.. ' l/ °c Uirri:hts; R� Pw ° C, W p j 0 'j, l '•,�- ''' tr • °W ® ° ° o • '.. 1.1 w{ Feature +�` t 0° °:• i� b �l Pith• o ° I • o°i,��� `.; :!f.'- :�• ® °.c5$ ,. q.- '•A' a • 0 0 r art p 1\ IN 4 � o • • ." ,, ���� �•to �� ir=.:�� •�1 4L1., :h1 3). .1".•• • •� i 1. 14\9e:".%)‘° . Feature B • siLiPn'% to it �f'`-'. 0 0-104,4 at% i7�Kiawe ...s�, '•+ 'o ) . ilfa! .L pression � ure 6 f .f� K ..!� ,.�� ,. Site "69' 1 • Uprights. ��� s Featu�'® A9 • y 11 C 172-121685 18 Feature 6 is the main terrace measuring c. 15.0 by 25.0 m and a maximum of 1.75 • m high. It has a boulder paved irregular 11 surface with ten faced pits. The pits are a maximum of 2.0 m in diameter and 1.5 m deep. Feature 7 is a low terrace with a boulder and cobble surface, 11 bounded by a wall (Feature 8) along the east. An additional pit feature is located within this feature as well as a depression. Feature - 8' is a 0.9 m high wall that borders the east side of Feature 7. It is c. 0.8 m wide. II Feature 9 is a 1.0 by 1.0 m rubble filled depression, that is level with the adjacent ground surface. 1 699e Complex Figure 7 11 This complex consists of two features, Feature A, a U-shape measuring c. 6.0 by 7.0 m and 1. 1 m high, and Feature B, a 0.6 m diameter depression excavated into a lava bubble. Two additional terraces are located to the south. Barrera- suggests this complex is a habitation, feature with a water catchment device (1980:17-18). 6993 C-shape This single feature site, a C-shape, measures c. 8.0 m in diameter and 0.6 rn high. Barrera originally described the feature during the initial 1980 survey. There are other similar features in the vicinity of Site 6993. 11 6994, Complex, Figures 8, 9 11 Site 6994 is a complex of mounds, platforms and walls. Eight ht features were originally identified during the 1980 survey thoughadditional 11 features are present (Barrera 1980;19, 21). Surface cultural materials include, artifacts, midden, and coral. It's proximity to Site 6991, a heiau, suggests high status residences and the high probability ofburials. Site 6350, the raised stepping-stone trail passes to the north of Features E and F. Barrera gives the following descriptions of the major features: Feature A - This feature, which might be either a burial mound or a habitation platform, measures 6.3 by 6.5 meters and stands to a height of 1.0 meter. Attached to the southeast 11 side of the structure is a wall, or possibly a deteriorated platform, measuring 9.6 meters in length, up to 3.3 meters in width and up to 0.9 meter in height. �l ( (---„ ___,, o 172-121685 19 1 Iiiri.N.A7 ''. like ie.*AA • tire/Z.4,411-1.N• 1 tliwybl ES I 00-4; vaieft-4.4.1 1 ' Level Soil VP;4,1%* ,,Asio ,r1 • Wit It' ° (t lib 4 0 9 1 .0401.et4 o -NAIL , ‘41114k - ,•11 iv .. ,;,:......,.. .. . . ..:„,,... c) 6 .1kijuk , .v.. 412,1 itbq ig, O• irCilliz....1, .y-rgr------411 • 0 , a,;(ce tr.vw.404 i• Uptight t+Lob UPright ivit -Af4,1,4,:412:0,*74.4,,,--ifell 0 "le oa• lc/ i 1..,..;0, 3 i .,0 9- . ° ...ii....4v..... i.ot •ist,‘,4.4.0 1 .. ,1 iro,.,ityleiltAx,..22q1,4pririrt % ‘`e 1111,AdiOrzalotSrAA ftwo. i ,..tfet WA adrillejaiTif • 4411611MAlyl 417-siOgippietge.6" Figure 7 1 vtitl-mktetit.,n'irr'ef__do Ctiaa.isj,...A...• .4.7.P ": %frill*. 11 .1111166 / t' Site. 6992 7,,---- MN b.344 ,j It - . Feature A . g 40.*•411.01, ' - • 4A,A 04 A -" 11 1 4464.),ffrietSirsIMP.V.116110 4."-i-ra' tUawe ' Aii 1pf.''.414 el 000 cz -.•k. 1,7-7,ri` .1110.„ •B .pi.;.,..,(1 q 0 Allillt%...AI%.a/1/40 4,,,L111:-'• • • ift, ..,p4r,' ..,40 ,...,g.ft ri.'0•41/41,04: • 1 :1; ,.. . I4 ‘‘.6t..iltt.:147S.111194.‘*C4 .. 40,11 40.0..,1`7, 0 41/4 IIIINi: - •1c-.041E.1",.. .44......tw144...7.-as: ,, MINI ti., i illiefdall, .T.Ablillia "... i. i 4144111- VIP 1"lie+* A 6.a .... . PL . leiit- ,,,, "I' cS:?cf3," ,, Li - - ; % , b 1 , Slab 1 410, , lii 0 ;11 t.r-1001-4111,1.It) , ,4 7,kiirg"41.v•fJ I .: ,e,- _ , I , 0 Sm dal-,..1Ain.•.,,,,..,-,1111111111111'..• .t.'..- I . 172-121685 20 1(----`.' M 4 I. P-4. i �vi4,•8 . I �����{ •I-ili±�, I . R,1 ;,, b , Kiawe ., .01111 • .o 6"411`' feature B ,rr►,.%Qi '1� t•;`3'°• p '�ii of �j F�atur® 't! ...40Irreviegular Boulder t• . o Paving A...`. 1:j soil `• �.i t t ,.�` 41k911147 \ 1%4%4 ,, - it kiliklf itielkes#42**•-ii; . :a r. sis . ;...--w.-,W,.. i 4 a / Oh • ,Ic INV. - „_` •yam.` ?_ •(2)i 11 -1r4.s.- I . I 0 5m • Figure 8 Site 6994 , Features A, II ' itiffiN '•• -VM ENS EMS KEE EMI ME Elli ting •-r4 NEE Ear INSI SEM woo rama omm .:,,nm., wen • . . , ...... c- 1 1.3 I—. .01•e ".'..‘ ....."1 ..tip 111 .....), 1.4 6, •-•- - -#40......siv,-..... ,, .....app..... -: - .----":411.: , - co • • . Site 6350 .,.,.• . :19 . .0 0 •, ..r.3.*•',,4,7770°:1le10•y\1e1b0r..11l•ri•"01,.k......i..:Mr 4rW4V..:. iw r-,'','•''e', F eature E 0 ' *fo ; • 1#41-41.9^r• 4.411-._ ....11 •o.,.. , •,- 1 • • .o.: ' " • . • ,. , lawe , • 1 odo ,....! t"•6•441114t P. '-'4 I I< :• 'A.4 . 1411. qi.a v-v PO is • . , ..- 43§ / °I .' ''..': • ° . . , 0.,',, ' • cztmiti• ,14,.....drar.... ...- • ‘1/444.t..` - -^ - L.,-.,,,ertite.... . ...—..,,...1,512..r. 1,rrl ''.-.17,,t, tv a : ,14_, rio.,—t..,-..elviek, ,. I. _Ilb • ., , ,, , %nip,IpPY$17:XaMilitri.\115, (117 I, . • qv% ...... Feature F teciorat WNW. .114 r. • , . voilligPV,v4i I "-pi - (-) tiro' "" fiall.,<A0 `Ili a / ,4r.-40;%to. A• - ..4. %, 4 le 4.104p• . 414 Ilr'' `P'al 0110 S Of I Coral :. . • tIll, •cytia 'kook . . . • . absaik. 6 or V V. ilk Soil sti 0,‘ 74 .•:: Figure 9 1$k 4 • , • S. . 0 5m Kiawe Sites 6994 1.-. issinc=aric=nond Features E F r • • . . . . • . 11 U (I) 172-121685 22 110 Feature B - This is a collapsed wall measuring 21.0 meters 11 in length, up to 1.9 meters in width, and standing to 0.75 meter in height. liFeature C - This is a stone wall measuring 3.3 meters inlength, 1.0 meter in width and standing to a height of 0.9 ' meter. Feature D - This is a rock mound, or possibly a short wall, measuring 2.0 meters in length, 1.3 meters in width and standing to a height of 1. 1 meters. 11 Feature E - This is a probable burial mound measuring 3.4 by 5.5 meters and standing to a height of 2.0 meters. 11 Feature F - This is a probable burial mound measuring 3.0 by 4.5 meters and standing to a height of 1.5 meters. li . Feature G - This is a probable burial mound measuring 1.8 by 2.8 meters and standing to a height of 1.2 meters. Feature H - This is a possible burial mound measuring 1.3 by 2.7 meters and standing to a height of 0.4 meter (1980:19, 21). :ICj 6995 Wall Site 6995 is a retaining wall measuring 5.0 m long, 0.8 mwide, and a maximum of 0.95 m high (Barrera 1980:21). There are similar features throughout the area. I 1996 Midden Scatter Site 6996 identifies a midden deposit located immediately inland of Alii Drive. The presence of coral, Thaididae sp. , and Cvpraea sp., may represent the inland surface remains of a larger coastal habitation 11 complex (Barrera 1980:22). 9850 Complex Figures 10, 11 Site 9850 was initially described during the 1983 Alii Drive 11 Realignment Corridor Survey. The complex consists of "numerous terraces, rubble walls, modified outcrops, clearings and mounds, as well as a few platforms distributed throughout the width of the corridor. This complex appears to be an agricultural complex which includes some structures that li may be grave monuments" (Hammon and Rosendahl 1983:169). The 17 features include six terraces (Features C-G, 3), three mounds (Features H-I, N), three C-shapes (Features B, K, Q), two L-shapes (Features M, P), and one LOeach of an enclosure (Feature A) ; platform (Feature L) ; and a modified outcrop AFeature 0). Mill 7 ® ® MI IEEE ilia WM 11111119 PRII IMO NM MEI HMI Olin INN MIN En 1 • V 13 0 W Feature H 44- 03 iCri � • ts r, x4wep sr.b t . Feature Feature.- '�.. .;:� �' iiii•71 -"' ,,L� • 1 laswe ,�.., tea i /.,•:.•. » ..1.,. sod ,.. r_.:'r. ,..y.„...,...„, om.'. L.•. 5011 • I--04;,P a is i�,•... •'1. T••••�:a '�:•/4.•.4,•••••• 4.�Z.,n •''v . ' +�:._••• •t`;`'.L'il Cr 1�,� :�' Feature,t • �' rd• q• .Y�1`. ater•w '•,�i/�•' 1 Foeturo F ��;• / r. t 2 :.�'Cobbls -1h♦moi r 6 � ,,i... "1� • .�• s«1,..„,•.4. .•C rh�;,74 9 • • Ia. N. - ci,�1: '"'V�� J Feature E ® 4.4, i - ' -�1 'f.. I.. I ;rr . Feature I � f • ;/� %11�1117 •Feature 4 % x� ' b. FO.ture D • 4 • .Il ♦ Figure.10 0 Som t Site SSa(3 Features A-J N to i sin 7ign ® ® ® ® ® am ass Pom ism EN Mae gal NM MIN gall -11.11., PE§ • • N AV I t,A,IS N r l ate.. co v r ,i_►,rt>..�j ,sO e�: n v/M ` c � • b p o40T Feature L , • .::, �p o c do `0o `..41'7�r+e,� oQ ;ji c ` PL 'wf%� w' _ ' 01 I� *. a/iarfl if bi `a -a.:. . a .•'� 511 . ,0:11 ►1 ,� , Oo , :i� feature 0Ili a %1/s 'I� 1-�,' r L• 1 �6 >�ti .. Feature IC r .'. > . ,1►tlkzo vitIvAti., .id ...0.-.7,......19... ., 7`�44,•*�• Feature I Figure 11 • 0 5m Site 9550 Features K-M, P 1,3 im /' i /I • 172-121685 25 1C-_-_-) Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the range of feature types and density. Marine shell fragments were noted on the surface. T-I Complex II , . . ! This complex consists of a minimum of 12 features in an area 55.0 rn (E-W) by 75.0 rn (N-S). It is located immediately west of the Great Wall ' of Kuakini (6302) with the majority of the complex situated in CL-A of the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor. The complex consists of six mounds v ary i r;g from ' 1.0-2.0 m in diameter and 0.5-1.0 rn high, three modified outcrops and two terraces averaging 3.0-4.0 m in length, 1.5-3.0 rn wide, II and 0.6 m high, and one U-shape. This feature is situated on top of a ridge and is constructed with two uprights and stacked basalt forming a structure 2.0 ' rn long, 1.5 m wide, and 0.5 m high. Homan and Rosendahl ' noted the presence of mounds in this area during the 1983 survey (1983; Figure 4). Other minor features may be within this complex. ITT=3 Complex Over 30 features were accounted for in this 50 m (N-S) by 100 rn (E-W) ' area designated as Site 1-3. Located downslope of Site T-1, this complex likely represents a continuation of the agricultural and habitation features found throughout the project area. � ' The complex is defined by a boundary wall (6381) to the north, and a `-�1 0.6-0.7 rn high, 30.0+ m long retaining wall along the south edge of the 11 complex. A preliminary count of features includes at least ten modified outcrops, ten mounds, eight terraces, and two walls. At least two of the mounds appear well faced and measure 1.2 by 2.0 m and c. 0.6 m high. Their location near the crest of a ridge, size, and construction suggest il that these features are burials. No cultural deposit or portable remains are visible on the surface. Other minor features may be within this complex. 1 . II .T-5 U-shape Located downslope of Site T-3, this single feature measures 4.0 (N-S) by 5.0. m (E-W) and 0.6 m high. The U-shape has a central soil area and appears to be a habitation feature. No cultural deposit or portable I remains are visible on the surface. Other minor features are in the vicinity of Site 1-5. II j Complex Figure 12 Site 1-6 is comprised of two enclosures and at least eight mounds. Feature A (Figure 12) is an irregular shaped enclosure measuring c. 7.0 by 10.0 m with an interior wall height of 0.5-0.75 m and a maximum exterior height of 1.4 m. Built on a raised outcrop with several level soil areas, Ci this enclosure is the major feature within the complex. Site T-6 extends I ' Angs ww7 NM ow mg EE EN ESE EN NE ME ME EN MN INNI- MN U -1MIN ME . 0 . • . • V 1 N H • • ch . AhN co i‘-- F;ezt d:i 40, V, ;lir—, ,..„7...,.. , ,•••••• ••:..... , ;• 417: sip'..:::4j,`.44.1-..7%., Eft:a:lilt/ .* ;: ' , 441/11;.'4146:k::P44.11:1711111L1.76%.41‘47.);t'' . r.,,_ . ...5.$0:k ,Acs-4,,,, , it t .1-. li.A ••\• # i1 ''' ti Soil a :' • ' ' y Oa ya' iY. JJ • , i :• 4 �'.b* lervt :' • � tV1�+fto op .41 . Q Qom \'tO, "`CA‘ Iii o A.` . �{j :: .0.0,4: s,illi IP lb':1111''..-9.• ... Soil z, • ` ,%fr. ).ate&�igf • 0.� a---'141; v v �O`1 �` _ til i f 'n,. 0 . 5 m . . ® ' � �`2 $ ?• X7/4` j ' _ .tr-- = 1,\t.lp '..01, t►A - _.•L, • • Figure 12 • . • Site T-6 . Feature A 1 I C 172-121685 27 11`x, ' over an area 30 m in diameter. Other features include a smaller enclosure 1 (3.5 m in diameter and a wall height of 0.2-0.5 m) located c. 5 m down- slope of Feature A and eight mounds. The mounds appear to be well constructed and measure c. 1.0-1.5 m by 1.8-2.5 in and 0.5-0.8 rn high. These may be burial features. No cultural deposit or portable remains are 1 visible on the surface. It is likely there are other minor features in the area. IIT-8 Wall Figure 13 II Site T-8 is a stacked wall measuring 1.4 rn high and 0.6-0.7 m wide. Medium to large basalt boulders were used with some cobble fill noted along the top of the wall. The wall crosses the lower portion of the project area at c. 30 ft above sea level and was likely constructed for I ranching purposes. It appears. to post date Site T-10 as stone material was removed to construct the wall, Site 1-8. Site T-9, a cement water trough, is located downslope within an enclosed area created by Site T-8 ® on the east, Site 6381 on the north, and standing wall segments and barbed ® wire fencing to the west and south. 1 I=a Water Trough Site T-9 is a cement water trough measuring 2.03 by 1.2 in and 0.78 rn high. The feature walls measure 0. 1 m thick. It is constructed ors IC) � bedrock using a ribar framework with poured cement. A two inch galvanized pipe is located on the west side at the base, while a one inch pipe leads in from the north. This is a recent structure that documents ranching 11 activities within the Pahoehoe 2nd Project Area. T-10 ComplexFigure 13 Located immediately downslope of Site T-8, this complex is comprised of two major features, a stepped terrace and a terrace. Both habitation 1 features are situated within a 70.0 (N--S) by 20.0 m (E-W) area. The stepped terrace (Figure 13) measures c. 15.0 by 12.0 m with an exterior height of 0.5-1.0 m. The feature is constructed on a sloping pahoehoe I outcrop and contains four steps or level areas and two depressions. The feature surface has pockets of soil, natural pahoehoe exposures, and cobble-boulder fill. A second terrace is located c. 20.0 m to the north, and measures c. 18.0 (N-S) by 9.0 m (E-W) and 0.5 m high. A low wide retaining wall (1.3 m) defines a level pahoehoe and soil area. A considerable amount of I coral and midden is present on the surface of both features. Artifacts on the stepped terrace include volcanic glass, a hammerstone, and a spherical coral object. These sites contain the greatest amount of surface cultural IIremains when compared to the other sites within the project area. I'D • . I r . ME 7 . , . isse MU miiii (7 • • MN , Yv Y N oo LB 4' , w • ....,.....7.4.......:-... KIaWe 11 i ����• a•° t.-', ��� *t�l1�\A�fii% .i�.ta• Q.i1�. �� a4,..: s., •i �. 4:(.1,. ����4, r1 ® 44 ' o (44' ' Soil O .. • `� Cate • • .. v e ;. 4 ,► . ot (Y li�00 O . og�4�Q Gate r a �O r"' �o •,li ili N o• F- p° 0 0 . - Hammerstone cw :Q:7�� �� 11.• e1 �Uepression /�[� � �►`�!� mob°oO �:a�``�: `• �f�� r/ • • .0 . el-- .4°,*1OC'j'; r� O o � i•a:. `� •� :o "t• •.p�y,1'i °� r:. Kiawe i,..*0 1•ii t!` . I• yq,...i t 0 c s m i o01/0 rA1 r Dom 1 ,'„i I I .►►t II C'• a �a! %NO ire 06 .QQo•o .r ,..r - , . ,yA, no ,'' 00 KIaWe IItt���w 03O0t*4 g� :F h` + )� �� o0 f�si 'Soil P�rig .� ra� a'� # ! Aa .if eiso 0♦ �� . a_ >! 1 j l O: �1, Afrt , �$Volcanic Oa? / tql w ;O• I a ti `.. .0oQ . b .I .� = . -.af1.o E 4-40 • ,i Coral A ♦ p � )141 , 0ti . r. �`l o Soil� + o� � o •}1i44 ' 0;� - o- Midden Scatter �; Jia T-10 • Figure 13 N co ,m Sites T-8, T®10 , 0 . 0 172-121685 29 lik(::) T-11 Complex IIA terrace and a large mound are the major features in Site T-11. They are located inland of the heiau (6991). The terrace is c. 8.0 rn long and 1.2 m high. The mound is situated 1.5 rn east of the terrace face and • measures 4.0 by 2.5 sn and 0.8 m high. The mound could contain burial . remains. No cultural deposit or portable remains are visible on the surface. 1 T-12 Terrace' Figure 14 I 11 Located immediately downslope of the Great Wall of Kuakini (6302), this terrace measures c. 4.3 (N-S) by2.9 to (E-W} and 0.8 m high. The 4 feature may be a possible burial. No surface cultural remains were 11 noted. Additional minor features may be in the general area. 11 1-14 Complex Figure 15 Covering an area c. 25 (N-S) by 30 m (E-W), this complex includes one terrace (Feature A), one platform (Feature B), two modified outcrops, and ' il five mounds. Feature A measures c. 5.0'm on a side with a maximum height of 0.95 m. Feature B is c. 3.0 by 2.5 m and 1.0 m high. These are possible habitation features. (� 1 The other features vary from 1.5-6.0 rn on a side. They are crude, loosely piled and appear to be agricultural features. There are other 11 minor features in the area which are situated between the two Alii Drive Realignment Corridors. No cultural materials were visible on the surface. 11 1-15 Complex, In an area 30.0 m in diameter, there is a complex consisting of one platform, a terrace, and a wall. The features are located inland of Alii Drive Realignment Corridor CL-B. li The platform, which may contain burial remains, measures 3.8 by 3.0 m and 0.8-1.65 . m high. It incorporates an older weathered pahoehoe outcrop. This large linear outcrop follows the crest of the hill. Located 25.0 m to the southwest on the same outcrop is a three course high wall and terrace. The wall is at least 10.0 m long, 0.5 in wide, and 0.5 m high. The terrace measures 2.5 by 2.0 m and 0.3 rn high. No cultural deposit or portable remains are visible on the surface. • It is likely there are other minor features in the area. T-16 Complex jSite T-16 consists Of at least 11 features in an area 30.0 m in dia- meter.-� The complex is located inland of Site T-15 and is comprised of two, terraces and nine features identified as mounds and modified outcrops. I 0 0 • 172-121685 30 1 1 . . . MN -. %iii o 1 ♦k'I' .:tyor% . ..,. �,I I mil l • t /I • .die 01 i 1 eg-eti :: "a 04740:ire411411- Af o 47,, 7 'r• �. Vit/ t rii) i - Figure 14 0 5m _ Site T-12approximate scale Sketch Map I The terraces range from 2.7-4.5 m on a side and 1.3-1.6 in high and are possible habitation features. The other features average 1.0-2.0 in in dia- meter and 0.5-1.0 m high with at least one .modified outcrop measuring 5.0 m in length. These features have been tentatively identified as agricultural. It is likely that there are other minor features in the area. No cultural remains are visible on the surface. Deep soil deposits in the area may contain burials. • T-17 Terrace Figure 16 This terrace measures c. 5.2 m in diameter and 0.85 m high, and is built on an outcrop. No portable remains are visible on the surface. It is likely this is a habitation feature and there are other minor features in the area. I WM ro7 an ® MBE ® ® MO MN �. ��s • V A .‘,'.Y11+ $ A7 Optu ma °;.'c':`'...4.....-A-4,1. ° N CO c r1= • O qty, • o` 410. 41 -t • , "'+ WC 4: .' ` I !We. ` .a;�t�`p 'D�1 •tiV�,�,.;,o 11. ::.cam•Iilie - ,;�.�►i Feature B te. 4. 4�' L . :.: •- ' m:-). ,,,,6 , -f*4ik ::,,- Feature A • , Am : A • 0.1r44"4:.•` • . 9 :•.�•+��; Eli..••�aihte ...2.4.4:Ii ).`�.y. .11%..0444.4' 1x.04, e7^a i I 1 .slifr1r- 4 i 5,.- -;.) Figure 15 Site T-14 0 5m Features A, 1 • ' \_.0 • 172-121685 • 32 �,% T-18 Modified Outcrop Figure 17 This modified out crop measures 5.5 by 4.8 m and 1.0 rn high, and, resembles a platform. It is built on an outcrop and does not have any portable remains. It has been tentatively designated as a habitation I feature. This feature is located along the inland edge of a large soil area which may • contain burials. No portable remains are visible on the surface. Additional minor features may be in the area. li T-19 Complex • . 11 This complex is comprised of awall, one enclosure, two mounds, and two modified outcrops, and is probably all related to the ranching activities in Pahoehoe 2nd. The wall crosses the project area at the 1 310 ft elevation, and measures c. 1.2 rn high and 0.85 m wide. An enclosure is located off the west side of this wall, and is c. 70.0 rn (E-W) by 30.0 m IN-S). There are at least three openings in the 11 enclosure. A soda cracker can and wooden food trough are within the enclosure. The other four features are two mounds measuring 2.5 by 1.5 m and 11 1.3 m high, and two modified outcrops varying in diameter from 1.0-2.0 m and 1.0 rn high. These four features are located within the enclosure and may be clearing mounds. tp T-20 Terrace Figure 18 1 This terrace measures a maximum of 9.0 rn on a side and 1.0 rn high. It defines a level soil area which had a Cvpraea spp. fragment on the sur- face. This single feature is one of the larger features within Site T-21. T-24 Complex . 1 The area extending inland from the 230 ft elevation to the project areas eastern boundary includes over 300 features designated as Site II T-21. It represents a portion of an extensive agricultural and habitation complex which contains primarily walls, .terraces, enclosures, platforms, modified outcrops, mounds, and stepped trail segments. The south-east portion of the project area is in the traditional Kona Field System.. II The other areas contain transitional agricultural features. These features are in a less formal layout and utilize natural geological 1 formations. Terraces are constructed against sloping outcrops, platforms are built around raised outcrops, and mounds appear to be randomly piled. II A gulch with intermittent flow runs downslope from the north-east corner of the project through Site 1-21. Possible water diversion features were noted along its' path. LII) , Portions of stepping-stone trails (Site T-23) orientedmauka-makai, I �l \ 172-121685 33 l I 1• .• •♦ X011 O r• °� • o.c, _0.•. G i,f� •. i•"ite e r.lef PO. +rw* 16 %• o•'p 4,4 ,. 9 I1 0 - via., SCJ >,1.". ao - `%, .• •p /i ~ M i 1• S p .® Figure 16 I . 0 5n Site T-17 m scale Sketch Map Pp 1179 gal �. f�w� rr t i.*11., 44o AFH t I' 4111, f 0 •. ���iQ s w tr.' �! 6+ lis 0. a 111 ! � °Air�•.r3:10 0 ° N ,�lk C. O o ° o0411:11. • '''� 0ilw .• J Depression %,`r. +� C5.ire$11% O c ° 0 IV.s t ,101 t- c7 _ y , ill 4 I Figure 17 0 5m Site T-18 approximate scan Sketch Map ic-- l • 4 C' 11 172-121685 34 ' k---2 are located within Site T-21. The trail is built up with- large flat stepping stones set in. IIt is likely that some of the more formal small platforms and mounds may contain burial remains. The deep soil deposit may also have been used IIfor burial interments. Site 7-21 represents ar, intact example of the marginal aboriginal 1 agricultural • system and the 'formal Kona Field System. The only modification to the area has been the construction of Site T-19, a historic period cattle wall and associated features. The impact of the ranching activities appears to be minimal. Current cattle grazing inland 1 of Site T-19 aided greatly in feature visibility and location. IIT-22 Complex Figure 19 Site T-22 is comprised . of a terrace and two modified outcrops. Located within Site 1-21, the terrace is an example of a major habitation feature, and measures 9.0 by 5.7 m with a maximum downslope height of 1.5 m. The terrace is situated at the top of a very steep rise in the south east corner of the project area. A piece of coral, a Cvpraea spp. . shell, and a Thaididae spp. are on the surface of the terrace. At least two modified outcrops are immediately downslope. Additional features in the area have been assigned to Site T-21. 1 �) -� T-23 Trail Located within the northern portion of Site T-21, this stepped trail varies in, width from 0.5-1.5 m and in height from 0. 15-0.75 m. In some areas, single flat stones rest directly on the soil surface. Much of the 11 trail is actually built . up and gives it a raised appearance. The trail was followed out for c. 100.0 rn with a separate 25 segment noted near the lower elevations of Site T-21. Sites 6350, T-28, and T-23 are likely all ilpart of the same trail system. aT-25 Complex These two features, a modified outcrop and an enclosure, are located just inland of Sites 1-26 and 6986 and in the central portion of the project area. The nodi fled outcrop measures 8.0 by 10.0 rn and has a maximum height of 2.0 n,. It is constructed around a raised weathered outcrop which has a central opening. The 1.0 rn opening expands in area- to li 2.0 by 1.5 rn and 1.0 m .deep. There is some sail deposit within this feature. A low stacked wall, 0.8 rn in height and 0.7 rn wide, encloses an area measuring 1.5 by 1.0 m off the east side of the same outcrop. No portable remains are visible on the surface. I ' T-26, Corgule)i , i DA complex of seven features is located on ' a weathered pahoehoe • 1 I u 172-121685 35 !_., • . -. : Dowoed ttiawe ot. it N.AI !leI. ,.I ' .`tet;; c.. Rite •. a0 ',�i Soil II ,‘, I •rr •� * �� rte`.' GO. tuna ®a •,4 Q �'1���'' i j2 ..4814 Soil ati . x * •fit 1I.. *>i10.1.:,,:p1/41;,"ice'. 0 o:do OV• w.�.�,�. fqi oa ,/ Figure 18 • ® 5 m Site T-20 Sketch hap ip \...____; approximate scale o •- J V mit.„',:s I..AP % r 0 'hr....'o ��.riii .j� 9KiattrQ MN .41 Kiawe IlZ'!w,!,Fag�:qi Flat • . V're►! Soil/Grassy area '4 ^,:los: :,..0::1;11:44;::. Figure 19 t14'1' . "It.. aIWO • o - °o $Its ®�� • •if s � Sketch Map %�g��r l► I + iIII �• i n karz-mis=mi. approximate stale I (I C 172-121685 36 �• promitory in an ` opiuma thicket. It is comprised of one platform, one enclosure, one mound, and four modified outcrops, and it is likely that 11 there are additional minor features in the area. The irregular shaped platform measures 14.0 m on a side and 2.0 rn high and has a rough boulder surface. The enclosure has a maximum diameter of 11 6.0 m, the mound is 2.0 m in diameter, and the modified outcrops are roughly 2.0-4.0 rn in length. No portable remains are visible on the surface. 11 T-27 Complex 11 Site T-27 is comprised of two attached platforms and a wall. The • overall dimensions are 10.0 by 15.0 m with a height of 0.5 m. This site is very similar in appearance to Feature F of Site 6989 which is located 11 downslope. No cultural deposit or portable remains are visible onthe surface. 11 T-28 Trail This stepped trail is very similar in appearance to Sites T-23 and 11 6350. The 80.0 rn+ segment crosses the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor CL-B and is parallel to a portion of Site 6350. The trail measures 1.0-1.5 m wide and 0. 15-0.75 rn high. In areas, large flat stones rest directly on the soil surface. Parts of the trail are actually built up and give it a raised appearance. Sites 6350, T-23, and T-28 are l i ke l y all part of the same trail system. 11 PRELIMINARY HISTORY DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH FINDINGS 11 Preliminary history documentary research findings (Appendix A) was carried out by historical researcher, Ms. Carol L. Silva. The report is 11 summarized here. An examination of numerous legendary- sources revealed the absence of 11 references to Pahoehoe. The historic records provided limited information on the Pahoehoe area: Pahoehoe has been shown to have been-fairly well-settled by an occasional chief and by commoners alike. The district possessed at least one heiau and a large structure for canoe-building. Its three-roomed school-house sheltered a good • number of the district's children and possibly a few students from adjoining districts as well. (C. Silva, Appendix A. ) 11 The Pahoehoe land history was a difficult task due to the confusion in the land records. There are nine land units identified as Pahoehoe on the Island of Hawaii. Both North and South Kona have lands known as Pahoehoe, and that is Pahoehoe 1, Pahoehoe E, Pahoetpoe 3, and Pahoehoe 4. Hilo 17) • 0 C� ii 172-121685 37 tn district also had a land unit identified as Pahoehoe. The land records often did not distinguish which Pahoehee was being discussed. Under the Great Mahele, Pahoehoe 2, North Kona was awarded to two different chiefs, each rightfully claiming the land as their own. 11 The first of the two chiefs laying claim to Pahoehoe 2 was Jane (Gini/Kini) Lahilahi Young Kaeo (Land Commission Award tL.C.A. ] 85208:3). She received Pahoehoe 2 as an inheritance from the estate of her father 11 John Young, the trusted advisor to and companion of Kameharrreha I. The • second of the chiefs claiming Pahoehoe 2, North Morse was Miriam Keahikuni ' Kekauonohi (L.C.A. 11216). Also, two native tenants also submitted their II claims and supporting testimony for parcels in Pahoehoe 2, North Kona. In his claim to Pahoehoe 2 lands, Kapule, the overseer of the district, numbered 12 cultivated parcels of land scattered throughout the district 11 (L.C.A. 5769/Royal Patent 4216 to Kapule). He also made claim for a house lot situated upland of the road. The second native claimant, Welu, for Pahoehoe 2 lands also tended fairly extensive garden plots (L.C.A. 10986/Royal Patent 4220 to Nawelu/Welu). His application stated: 11 No. 10986 Welu Kailua, Hawaii, 26 Jan. /1848/ , Greetings to the Land Commissioners: I hereby petition for 11 my kihapai claim at Pahoehoe 2. Here are my kihapais: 10 taro male in the, apaa, 8 sweet potato mala at Kauluulu, and 8 mala on the kule. That is my petition to the commission- ers to quiet land titles. rm WELU (HSA, Native Regis- `� ter v.8:489-90) 11 The cartographic sources at the State Survey office provided no new data. There is apparently a water color sketch of the Pahoehoe area painted in the mid-1800s by Paul Emmert. To date, the location and ownership of the original is unknown. CONCLUSION DISCUSSION The reconnaissance survey of the Pahoehoe 2nd project area confirmed II . the presence of numerous archaeological sites and features of prehistoric occupation and exploitation. Historic use of the area was limited to ranching activities. , 1 _Of the 44 sites ' (481+ component features) identified within the project area, 21 (92+ component features) had been previously recorded and 23 sites (389+ component features) were newly identified. All. of the lipreviously recorded sites were relocated. In general, there were numerous additional minor features that had not been initially included in the site descriptions. Nine of the previously identified sites (39 component I 0 features) were identified within the two Alii Drive Realignment 11 0 172-121685 38 Corridors. The remaining 12 of the previously identified sites (53+ component features) were located within the overall project area. One of these sites (6990) partially overlaps two sites (6348, 6349) recorded earlier within the Alii Drive Realignment Corridor. . The range of formal feature types encountered included walled shelters and enclosures, terraces, raised .stone platforms, mounds, modified out- crops, walls, trails, and a surface midden concentration. Tentative II functional site types included agricultural field systems components, boundary walls, burials, habitation features, ranching features, and a heiau. Sites were distributed generally throughout the entire project • area. The heiau (6991), and possibly associated habitation complexes 11 (6994, T-10), were the larger, more impressive sites, and these were located at the lower elevations. Smaller habitation features and associ- ated agricultural features were identified throughout the area. The most il inland portion of the project area had the agricultural field boundaries of the typical Kona Field System. Possible burials were noted throughout the area, in addition to deep soil within the inland half of the project il area which may also contain burial remains. Trail segments (6350, T-23, T-28) were oriented mauka-makai (E-W), and Site 6350 was originally des- cribed as a stepping-stone trail. Portions of this trail system are actually built up and have a raised appearance. li • Site density was much greater than the original Barrera (1980) reconnaissance survey results indicated. The current field work identified an additional 23 sites, with a minimum of 389 component features. - The vegetation cover is extremely dense with the exception of the area inland of Site T-19. This area is currently used for cattle 11 grazing which has reduced the grass cover and affords good site visibility. It is likely that some smaller, minor features are obscured in the dense vegetation. The feature counts within the newly identified ed sites have taken into consideration the present limitation (dense 11 vegetation) and an attempt was made to sufficiently reflect actual feature density. In general, the previously recorded sites included the major sites and features throughout the parcel. Numerous additional minor features were noted within these previously identified site areas. EVALUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 11 The significance of archaeological remains can be defined in terms of potential scientific research, interpretive, and/or cultural values. 11 Research value refers to the potential of archaeological resources for producing information useful in the understanding of culture history, past lifeways, and cultural processes at the local, regional, and interregional levels of organization. Interpretive value refers to the potential of, II archaeological resources for public- education and recreation. Cultural value, within the framework for significance evaluation used here, refers to the potential of archaeological resources for the preservation and promotion of cultural and ethnic identity and values. 11 • 172-121685 39 To attempt definitive evaluation of the significance of archaeological I resources on the basis of a preliminary assessment such as a reconnais- 1 ' 11 sante survey is generally premature. Occasionally it is possible at even a preliminary level of study, such as that of a reconnaissance survey, to evaluate the significance of specific sites or features when their 11 scientific research, interpretive, and/or cultural values are obvious; however, in most instances it is necessary first to conduct intensive survey, often including test excavations, to determine and substantiate 11 the significance of specific archaeological remains. The reconnaissance survey found that the archaeological remains within the Pahoehoe 2nd development area appear to be of limited to moderate 11 significance in terms of potential scientific research, interpretive, and cultural values (Tables 1, 2). These were primarily the agricultural • features and some of the less substantial residential features. Many of 11 the complexes have been rated at a high significance in terms of potential scientific research, interpretive, and cultural values due in part to the possibility of containing burials. The heiau (6991) and associated residential features (6994, T-10) were all determined to be of high • significance. . • Upon completion of the field work, survey findings and preliminary • .' conclusions--including tentative evaluations and recommendations--were ` discussed with Ms. Virginia Goldstein--staff planner and historic sites specialist in the Hawaii County Planning Department (December 10, 1985) and with Dr. Ross Cordy--staff archaeologist in the State Historic Preser- ^� vation Office (December 13, 1985). Ms. Goldstein concurred with the preliminary conclusions and the tentative recommendations presented here • regarding further archaeological work to be done within the Pahoehoe 2nd 11 Project Area. Dr. Cordy will formally review the proposed recommendations upon submission of the report. Based on the reconnaissance survey, only two sites (6302, T-9), are re- r commended for no further work. For the remaining 42 sites, further archa- eological work in the form of intensive survey (including historical docu- s mentary research, vegetation clearing, detailed mapping and recording, and controlled test excavations) is recommended. As an important initial step, it is recommended that all sites be accurately located and plotted on an appropriate scale topographic map by professsional surveyors. This il would aid greatly in development planning by allowing further archaeological work determinations (intensive survey, any subsequent salvage excavations, and/or preservation) to be considered on a site-by-site basis. As a further aid in facilitating subsequent field work, it is recommended that cattle be left on the project area to help control the vegetation. The Pahoehoe 2nd Project Area is situated within the four-corner loca- tional boundary of the Kona Field System (HRHP Site No. 50-10-377.6601), a very large complex (c. 3 by 18 miles)-of aboriginal Hawaiian dryland cultivation and habitation features declared eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. It is recommended that an adequate sample of the Kona Field System as represented ,withirr the project area, be 1 included in future intensive survey. 11 11 172-121685 Odd !!") A second National Register eligible site, the Great Wall of Kuakini (HRHP Site No. 50-10-37-6302), extends from north to south across the inland portion of the project area. Although no further work is recom- mended, the wall is recommended for preservation and incorporation into development landscaping. If it becomes necessary to destroy any portion 11 of the Great Wall, then the affected portion should be recorded in detail first. Site 6991 has been functionally interpreted as a ceremonial, or heiau, site due to its structural form and size. This site is recommended for preservation -and incorporation into development landscaping, possibly with same level of interpretative development. This is the only site within the entire project area that has been determined to require preservation. With the exception of this site, the balance of sites identified during the reconnaissance survey appear to be sites for which continued physical 11 preservation would not be considered essential. This finding suggests that most of the archaeological remains present, within the project area could be handled adequately by carrying out the appropriate level of fur- ' ther archaeological work needed to recover the significant data present, such as intensive survey and if determined necessary, any subsequent sal- vage excavations--thereby preserving the valuable archaeological informa- tion, rather than the physical remains themselves. At the same time, many 11 of the identifiedarchaeological remains, while having only limited signi- ficance in terms of potential research, interpretive, or cultural value, could be considered for preservation and inclusion into the landscaping of the development project area. It should be,noted that the evaluations and recommendations given here 11 have been made on the basis of the surface reconnaissance survey. There is always the possibility, however remote, that previously unidentified surface structural remains or subsurface cultural features or deposits of high significance might be encountered in the course of subsequent archaeological investigations or other development activities. In such a situation, archaeological consultation should be sought immediately. I Urge potential development problem to be considered involves the sites tified in the Alii Drive Realignment Corridors. This is the question of responsibility for further work on the archaeological sites situated within the corridors (see Table 8). Until the County of Hawaii selects a specific alignment within the Alii Drive Realignment Corridors, it is not possible to determine which sites are the responsibility of the County and which are that of the developer. 11 111 . • _ _ (J � J 11 172-121685 41 • REFERENCES CITED Armstrong, R.W. (ed. ) • 11 1983 Atlas of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. (Revised edition) Barrera, W.J., Jr. 11 1980 Archaeological Survey at Pahoehoe, North Kona. Chiniago, Inc. , Honolulu. Ching, E.K.W. , E. Mailer, S.L. Palarna, and P.S. 6riggin 1 1973 The Archaeology of North Kona, from the Ahupua'a of Kahului to the Ahupua'a of Kahalu'u. Surface Survey; Realignment of Ali' a Drive. Hawaiian Archaeological Journal 73-2. Archaeological • Research Center Hawaii, Inc. (Lawai, Kauai). Hommon, R.J., and P.H. Roserufahl 11 1983 Archaeological Investigation of the Alii Drive Realignment Corridors, North -Kona, Island of Hawaii. Prepared by Science Management, Inc. (Honolulu) and Paul H. Rosendahi, Ph.D., Inc. (Hilo) for Belt, Collins & Associates. Macdonald, G.A., and A.T. Abbott 11 1970 Volcanoes in the Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Sato, H.H., W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R. Smythe, and M. Takehino, Jr. 1 1373 Soil Survey of Island of Hawaii. State of Hawaii. U.S. Dept. Agriculture-Soil Conservation Service and Univ. Hawaii Agri. Experiment Station. Washington, D.C. : Government Printing 11 Office. 1 1 1 11 1 n. 172-121685 - 42 )P,CD Table 1. . SUMMARY OF PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED SITES HRHP Formal Tentative 'Significance Recommended Site No. Site/Feature Functional Evaluation Further. Corainents 11 50-10-37- Type Interpretation R I C Action 6302 Wall Animal barrier M M M None The Great Wall of 11 - Kuakini 6347 Complex ' Agricultural M L L Int. sur. U-shape (1) and r (6)* and test. mounds (5) 6348 Complex Multiple H L H/L Int. sur. Platforms, enclo- (Agricultural, and test. sures, terraces, 11 habitation, walls (habitation), burial) platforms and mounds (agricultural) ; some 1 features at Site 6348 also designated as Site 6990 features il 6349 Mound , Burial M L H/L Int. sur. Possible burial, may and test. be Feature H of • Site 6990 rL----) 6350 Stepping- Foot trail M H L Int. sur. East-west (mauka- stone Trail and test. makai) trail may be tied into T-28 and T-23; trail is visible adjacent to' Sites 6348D and F, 11 6349, 69918 and 6394E 6351 Complex Multiple M L L Int. sur. Northeast portion of 11 (Agricultural, and test. complex within pro- habitation) ject area; mounds, enclosures, C-shapes, 11 . , U-shapes, and L-shapes 6352 Wall Boundary L L L Location South boundary wall plot between Pahoehoe 2nd and 3rd; does not • extend west beyond Site 6302 • *Significance Evaluation--Nature: R = scientific research, I = interpretive, II C = cultural; Degree: H = high, M = moderate, L = low C) *Number of component features within complex. _ 172-121685 • 43 Table 1. (Cont.) 11 HRHP Formal Tentative Significance Recommended Site No. Site/Feature Functional Evaluation Further Comments 50-10-37- Type Interpretation R I C Action 11 6381 Wall Boundary L L L Location North boundary wall _ plot between Rahoehoe let and 2nd; extends en- 11 tire length of north boundary 6984 Terrace Habitation ' M MM Int. sur. Stepped terrace II and test. 6985 Enclosure Habitation M L L Int. sur. -- 11 and test. 6986 Mound Burial M M H/M Int. sur. Poss. burial • and test. 6988 Complex (2) Habitation M L M Int. sur. -- Terrace and test. 11 C-shape 6989 Complex (80) Multiple H M M Int. sur. -- r A Shelter/ (Agricultural, and test. terrace . habitation) B Curved wall C L-shape D C-shape E Retaining wall F Walled platform • 11 6 Retaining wall H Mound 6990 Complex Multiple H M H/M Int. sur. Large complex of (25.) (Agricultural, and test. platforms, terraces, A Modified habitations enclosures (habita- 11 outcrop burial) tion), walls, ter- B Terrace/ races, and mounds enclosure (agricultural) ; per- C Terrace/shelter tions of Site 6990 D Terrace also designated as E Shelter Site 6348; poss. F Mound burials IS Mound H Modified outcrop/ platform I Mound 11 3 Mound K Mound • I . . 172-121685 44 ` __ Table 1. (Cont.) IIHRHP Formal Tentative Significance Recommended Site No. Site/Feature Functional Evaluation Further Comments 50-10-37- Type Interpretation R I C Action 6990 (cont.) 1 II L Retaining wall/mound M Retaining wall/terrace N Mound 1 0 P Retaining wall/terrace Mound Q Terrace 11 R Mound S Mound T Mound U Mound il V .Mound W Mound (2) and wall • . X Mound • Iv Mound 6991 Complex (2) Heiau H H H Int. sur. Feature A is a large 1 ' A Terrace and test. terrace with numerous B Platform1 interior features and enclosing wall 440 x 46 m) ; Feature B r--) ' poss. a priests s residence 11 6992 Complex (2) Habitation M L L Int. sur. -- A U-shape and test. B Depression 6993 C-shape Habitation M L L Irit. sur. -- and test. li 6994 Complex (8+) Multiple H M H/M Int. sur. Platforms, terraces, A Platform (Agricultural, and test. mounds (burials), B Wall habitation, walls, terraces (ha- 11 C Wall burial) bitation), terraces, D Mound mounds (agricul- E Mound tural) ; additional IFMound features in area S Mound H Mound II 6995 Terrace • Agricultural L __ B L L Int. sur. and test. 6996 Midden Habitation H L L Int. sur. Coastal area habi- 11 scatter andt.e st. tatiarr debris r I l 172-121685 45 !---) Table 1. (Cont. ) HRHP Formal Tentative Significance Recommended Site No. Site/Feature Functional . Evaluation Further . Comments • 50-10-37- Type Interpretation R , I C Action 1 1 3850 Complex Multiple H M H/M Int. sur. Large complex east (17+) (Agricultural, and test. of Site 6302 in- A Enclosure habitation) eludes platforms, en- 1 B C-shape Terrace , closures, terraces, C walls (habitation), D Terrace mounds, modified out- II E Terrace crops (agricultural). F Terrace G Terrace H Mound IIMound J Terrace K C-shape 11 L Platform M L-shape • N Mound - O Modified outcrop 11 P 0 L-shape Q C-shape J 1 •1 I 1 1 • . i . 11 • • 1 U c I --", 172-121685 46 ITable 2. (r 1 SUMMARY OF NEWLY IDENTIFIED SITES PHRI Formal Tentative *Tentative Recommended Temp. Site/Feature Functional Evaluation Further Comments 1 No. Type Interpretation R I C Action T-1 Complex Multiple H M M Int. sur. Mounds 46), modified II . (12+)* (Agricultural, habitation) and test. outcrops (3), terraces (2) and U-shape (1); • other features in vicinity 1 1 11 T-3 Complex Multiple H M H/M Int. sur. Mounds (10), modified (30+) (Agricultural, and test. outcrops (10), terraces habitation, (8), walls (2) ; ter- burial) races and mounds on slope south and west of 11 _ Site 6347; poss. burials on crest of hill; other 1 features in vicinity T-5 U-shape Habitation M L L Int. sur. Single feature; other and test. features in vicinity • 1: \ T-6 Complex Multiple H M H/M Int. sur. Enclosures (2) and mounds J (10+) (Habitation, and test. (8+); pods. burials; A Enclosure burials) other features in vici- B Enclosure nity T-8 Wall Ranching L L L Int. sur. Wall appears to be part and test. of historic cattle ranch- . il . ing modifications; poss. . constructed with materials removed from T-10 T-9 Water trough Ranching L L L None Recent cement water 11 trough for cattle. "--46" inscribed on west -side 11 7-10 Complex (2) Habitation H M HIM Int. sur. Stepped terrace and ter- and test. race. Midden, artifacts, and coral on surface i *Tentative Evaluation--Nature: R = scientific research, I = interpretive, 11 C = cultural; Degree: H = high, M = moderate, L = low *Number of component features within complex. Y ii . 0 0 172-121685 47 U�. Table 2. (Cont.) ,1 11���/// PHRI Formal Tentative Tentative a av+a Recommended Temp. Site/Feature Functional Evaluation Further Comments No. Type Interpretation R I C Action 11 T-11 Complex (2) Multiple M - L H/M Int. sur. Terrace and large mound (Agricultural, and test. east of Site. 6991A; burial) poss. burial T-12 Terrace Multiple M L H/M Int. sur. Located west of Site 6302 ' (Agricultural, and test. ' and north of Site 6351; burial) poss. burial feature 11 T-14 Complex (9+) Multiple - M M L Int. sur. Included 5 mounds and 2 A Terrace (Agricultural, and test. modified outcrops; addi- B Platform habitation) tional features in area T-15 Complex (3) Multiple M L H/M Int. sur. Platform (poss. burial), (Habitation, and test. wall, and terrace burial) 11 1-16 Complex (11+) Multiple M L P Int. sur. Terraces (2), modified li ' (Agricultural, and test. outcrops and mounds (3) habitation,) additional features in area; deep soil may con- tain burials kli) T-17 Terrace Habitation M L L Int. sur. Other features in area and test. T-18 Modified Habitation M L L Int. sur. Other features in area outcrop and test. IF T-19 Complex (6) Ranching M L L Int. sur. Wall across Pahoehoe 2nd at 310 ft elevation,, 11 probable cattle enclo- sure; mounds (2), and ® modified outcrops (2) ® T-20 Terrace Habitation M , L L Int. sur. Cypraea spp. fragment on surface II1-21 Complex Multiple H M H/M Int. sur. Extensive agricultural/ (300+) (Agricultural, and test. habitation complex; up- habitation, per portion in Kona Field 11 burial) System T-22 Complex (3) Habitation H M M Int. sur. . Terrace (1) and modified and teat. outcrops (2); sparse midden, on surface 10 c 11 C G, 172-121685 48 Table 2. (Cont. ) PHRI Formal Tentative Tentative Recommended Temp. Site/Feature Functional Evaluatic, Further Comments • No. Type Interpretation R I C Action ' 11 T-23 Trail Foot trail M H L Int, sure Raised trail with step- and test. ping stones; poss. part 1 of Site 6350; T-28 poss. lower portion of same trail iT-25 Complex (2) Habitation M M M Int. sur. Modified outcrop and en- and test. closure; opening within • outcrop; small rock overhang 1-26 Complex (7+) Multiple M M L Int. sur. Platform (1), enclosure 1 (Agricultural, habitation) and test. (1), mound (1), and raadi- fied outcrops (4) ; addi- tional features in area; excellent vantage point 11 T-27 Complex (3) Habitation M L L Int. sur, Platforms (2) with wall and test. (1) T-28 Trail Foot trail M H L Int. sur. Raised trail with step- ping stones; poss. part. 11 of Site 6350; 1-23 poss. inland portion of same trail •1 • • • 1 1 1 I 1 1 172-121685 - A-1 •1 1 I APPENDIX A: PRELIMINARY HISTORY DOCUMENTARY E RESEARCH FINDINGS Pahoehoe 2nd Project Area Land of Pahcehoe and, North Kona Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-7-08:21) 1 by; Carol L. Silva, S..A. Historical Researcher 1 1 I • rte`\ C 0 172-121685A-2 PAHOEHOE 1 11 MYTHOLOGY 11 A cursory examination of a sizable bulk of legendary sources revealed 1 a surprising dearth of references to Pahoehoe district. Not a single 11 mention could be traced, although occasional, isolated references to adjacent Kona lands were encountered. 11IIt is probable that due to such a trite and somewhat unimaginative name, the district may have suffered exclusion from well-remembered traditions; that is, Pahoehoe was plainly named for the smooth variety of 1 lava and nothing more. However commonplace, Pahoehoe as a district name was certainly popular—North and South Kona each boast of separate districts of this name and yet another Pahoehoe care be found in the Hilo district. 11 Relative to Pahoehoe (unspecified, either North or South Kona), the following explanation is offered in Place Names of Hawaii: I 11 Pahoehoe. .,The Kona place was named for a chiefess, Pahoehoe-wahine-iki-a-ka-lani (little woman/and/smooth lava of ithe chief). Lit., smooth type of lava. (Pukui 1974:174) �� No source was cited for the above a information. Nothing additional could be found concerning this chiefess to aid clarification as to which 11 of the Kona districts was named in her honor. • 11 HISTORICAL BRIEF Glimpses of Pahoehoe were preserved at various points in time in the writings ' of native and foreign historians, missionaries, visitors and Kona residents as well. Collected here is a series of rather isolated "vignettes" that hopefully will create general impressions of some 1 activities connected with the land area. Topics addressed include: en unnamed Pahoehoe heiau, the Kuakini Wall, the Judd Trail, a comment or, the district's school and various descriptions. 1 , At the turn of the century, local historian Thomas S. Thrum prepared a comprehensive listing of heiau throughout the island chain. He jotted the following note in reference to the temple sites in Pahoehoe: /unnamed heiau/... .Pahoehoe; a reported large heiau, not found. (Thrum 1907:44) 1 . As the heiau site was not seen by Thrum, the condition and dimensions of the structure were not evaluated. He apparently was unable to obtain much data from local informants even as to its general type and purpose. 1 172-121685 A-3 ki:: , The simple lack of a name attached to the site further thwarts any possiblity of obtaining some clue to the structure's significance. Deserving of mention in relation to the existence of a heiau in Pahoehoe is the land name "Haleolono. " Haleolono was described by the II native claimants during the Mahele as the land in Pahoehoe 2, situated upland of the coastal road (Alii Drive). The following notation associates Haleolono with a type of heiau dedicated to the major god Lono: ' Hale-o-Lono. ...On all the islands there are ancient heiau of this name for worship of Lana, including ceremonies to . bring rain and growth;.. . (Pukui 1974:38) Thus, perhaps a small possiblitiy exists that the land name may have been derived from the type of heiau located there. In addition, this term I "Haleolono" specifically refers to the thatched house within the temple confines where the highest ranking chiefs remained and the gods themselves were kept. (Ii 1973;56-558) A minor reference to Pahoehoe is encountered in the writings of native historian John Papa Ii. He related details of the passing of a relative of his--an uncle much respected for his skill in the ancient medical profession. Papa's CIi' s unclel health had become much worse after the r-D king , and chiefs had left for Kahaluu. His friends and the boy's father had gathered at Pahoehboe in Kaumalumalu, near Kailua, to be with him. The boy and his comnpanion arrived there at dusk, to find that Papa could no longer speak clearly. Papa, who wanted to go to Hookena, his land in South Kona, was carried aboard a canoe in the harbor, but the time for the 11 makahiki celebration was drawing near and canoes were prohibited from sailing. They were waiting for the gods to be set up before the Hikiau heiau after their circuit of the ii . island. Everyone was filled with fear of the kapu, but the boy's father felt a great pity for Papa, who fretted aboard the canoe, so he made ready to sail. However, he was strongly urged to wait until the chiefs had heard of Papa's wish. When the king and the chiefs heard how Papa was they gave permission for him to leave, knowing that this was his last 11 illness.... (Ii 1973:115) Dating also from this period is the Kuakini Wall which passes through Pahoehoe 2. The wall was conceived by Kuakini, Governor of Hawaii, to protect upland agriculture from roaming wildlife. I . .. . He EKuakini) was active also in encouraging industry. That the productive uplands might be protected a wall was constructed the entire length of North and South Kona, and all animals were kept makai of that boundary. This wall known as "Ka pa a Kuakini" remains to-day. Hawaiians regard Kuakini as 1 i 172-121665 A-4 k---\ . _ a chief who cared for the needs of his people, encouraging them 11 in cultivation, in times of drought urging them in the use of the fern root as food.... (Winne 1928:15) ....Just a little above CKahaluu3, and continuing all the way II to Kailua, is the huge stone wall built in Kuakini's time to keep pigs from the cultivated lands above. ... (Baker 1915:63) In the early 1820s, the British missionary William Ellis recovered a ® fair amount of activityin this district: if , 11 We walked on to Pahoehoe, where we entered a large house, in which many workmen were employed in making canoes. About fifty people soon after assembled around us. We asked them if they would like to hear about the true God, and the way of 11 salvation? They answered, Yes. I then addressed them for about twenty minutes on the first principles of the gospel. As soon as I began to speak, they all sat down, and observed 11 perfect silence. Shortly after this service we took our leave, and proceeded along the shore to Kahaluu; where a smart shower of rain obliged us to take shelter in a house by the road side. ... (Ellis 1963:75) EV, ) llis° comment is important not only for the mention of canoe-making in the district, but also because of his reference to a "large" structure occupied by "many workmen. " That 50 people were able to assemble on short 11 notice is also indicative of a moderately populated area. . . Several decades later (in the late 1890s), another reference to the area's population appears in a report to the Department of Public 11 Instruction: - I have visited all the schools in this District -- N. 11 Kona -.. .At Pahoehoe the lot is small but clean & grassy 90 x 180 ft. A three roomed schoolhouse and 22 pupils. The teacher's cottage is not bad - eight small rooms -... (Hawaii State Archives. Public Instruction Lands File, 10/6/1898) It should be further explained that a good number of schools existed within the immediate vinicity--at Holualoa to the north and Keauhou to the I south. Thus it would seem that the 22 students that attended school at Pahoehoe resided in Pahoehoe or possibly some may have come from the adjacent districts of Kaumaluamalu, Laaloa and Kapalaalaea. IIOf recent date, is a minor description found in the Henry P. Kekahuna Collection. The information he was able to gather in the late-1940s and 1 1950s from native informants simply state: Pahoehoe the aina a he kai, kahi -'au'au a ka haole. ) LI2) Pahoehoe, a land, and a beach where haoles swim. (Hawaii State Archives. Henry P. Kekahuna Collection) 11 172-121685 A-5 kl) Somewhat contrary to the above, is the most recent description • available: Pahoehoe Beach Park 1A wide trail leads south from Kailua, passing through a pretty stretch of county, near the beach, and through many villages. In the past there were many. heiaus here. The 1 villages are in order, north to south, Kahului, Kaurnalu►nalu, Pahoehoe, and Laaloa. (The Island of Hawaii, Henry Kinney 1913. ) • Pahoehoe Beach Park, located in the land division of Pahoehoe and situated near the deserted Pahoehoe village complex, occupies a small, narrow parcel of shoreline property shaded . 11 with kiawe trees. A low sea wall. lines the entire seaward edge of the park, a barrier against the erosive forces of the occasionally powerful surf that pounds this area. . Below the 1 wall, the one tiny pocket of white sand and coral rubble in the rocky shoreline is not a good beach for swimmers. The park is frequented primarily by picnickers and fishermen. Facilities include picnic tables and parking. (Clark 1985:105) (Note: It seems likely that the beach referred to in the Kekahuna Collection may be White Sands Beach, the best beach for swimming in the irTh seven mile stretch between Kailua and Keauhou EClark p. 103-4]. ) In summary then, Pahoehoe has been shown to have been fairly well-settled by an occasional chief (in Ii's day) .and by commoners alike. The district possessed at least one heiau and a large structure for canoe-building. Its three-roomed school-house sheltered a good number of the district's children and possibly a few students from adjoining districts as well. A final note relates to another historic feature of the vicinity, the Judd Trail. Although not located within Pahoehoe boundaries, its proximity to Pahoehoe necessitates its mention. The importance of the Judd Trail or Judd Road was firmly stated in a resolution of the Privy Council in May of 1849: Resolved, That G.P. Judd and Kinimaka proceed to Kailua, 11 Hawaii, to explore a route from that place to Hilo direct, and . make a road, if practicable, by employing the prisoners on that island and if necessary taking the prisoners from this island . to assist; the government to bear all expenses, the intention being to facilitate communication between Kailua, the seat of the local government, and Hilo, the principal port. (Hawaii State Archives, Privy Council Records V.3a:297) A summary of the project's direction and final outcome was given in a biography of Judd's: 1:Th Dr. Judd's interest in road building led to the passage of li 0 172-121685 A_6 V, . ,___) a resolution by the privy council on May 23, 1849, directing li him to make a road on the island of Hawaii...He chose a direct route across the high plateau between Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. • The road was under construction for several years, but ultimately the government gave up the prject, as part of the 11 route lay in the path of recurrent lava flows. It is still known as the "Judd road. " (Judd 1960:141> An added comment was contributed by A.S. Baker in writing of sites in Kona 1915: Passing on, toward II Kailua,` we may see several heiaus and the• beginning of the old so-called Judd road, built for fifteen miles toward Hilo by compass, until the Hawaiians struck lava flows and refused to further risk offending Pele. Above on the IIplain, are several cones over which the trail runs instead of passing around them. (Baker 1915:83> • II PAHOEHOE 2 - SPECIFIC LAND HISTORY Much difficulty was encountered in preparing a land history of this district. As was earlier explained, both North and South Kona had separate and distinct lands known as Pahoehoe; each was divided into 4 sections, namely Pahoehoe 1, Pahoehoe 2, Pahoehoe 3, and Pahoehoe 4. Hilo district also had a land known as Pahoehoe. 11 • Land records often did riot distinguish which of the Pahoehoe was under discussion. Often correspondents and government officials erred in their determinations and records became understandably confused. As a result of these conditions, I have presented here as correctly as I am able, a II history derived from available office' record. Under the Great Mahele, a division of lands between the chiefs and 11 Kameharneha III occurred. Lists were drawn up of land which were to be transferred and lands which were to be retained. Land Commission Awards were then issued to chiefs for each land retained--these they owned in fee. Quite singularly, Pahoehoe 2, North Kona was awarded to two different chiefs, each rightfully claiming the land as their own. II Land Commission Award 528B:3 IThe first of the two chiefs laying claim, to Pahoehoe 2 was Jane (Gini/Kini> Lahilahi Young Kaeo. She recieved Pahoehoe 2 as an inheritance from the estate of her father John Young, the trusted advisor to and Companion of Kameharneha I. Cited in John Young's will was an inventory of his lands in which Pahoehoeiki, district of Kona, was named. Young's will stated that the lands which were+ given to him and to Isaac IL ) Davis and to their heirs thereafter were so given in reward for "services 1 1 o 0 172-121685 A-7 U to him CKamehameha3 in his Wares fsic3 in conquering the Islands... " 11 Further, Young stipulated that the British Consul or an appointee of the Consul, Alexander Adams and Thomas Charles Byde Rooke act as executors of the estate upon Young's decease. (Hawaii State Archives. Foreign 11 Register v.2:68-72) John Young died in 1835. Thirteen years later, in September of 1848, 11 T.C.H. Rooke (Young's son-in-law) appeared before the Privy Council requesting the equitable division of lands among Young's heirs. In this division both Fanny Kekelaokalani Young Naea and Jane Lahilahi Young Kaeo 11 received lands named Pahoehoe. Later records revealed that Fanny Kekela acquired Pahoehoe 2, South Kona and Jane Lahilahi received Pahoehoe 2, North Kona. As John Young's will simply listed Pahoehoeiki, Kona--it is uncertain' which of his daughters, Fanny or Jane received the land intended 11 in Young's will.. Suffice it to say that testimony supporting one native' s claim in Pahoehoe 2, North Kona described the land as coming from the Young clan. Thus, Jane appears to have acquired the Pahoehoe given by 11 Karnehameha I .to John Young under LCA 8520:3. (Hawaii State Archives. Privy Council Record v.3a:97-9) li In March of 1850, Jane Lashilahi's s husbar+d Josue fIasua> Kaeos in their behalf, applied to the Minister of Interior for a trade of lands. He offers Pahoehoe among other lands for a number of government lands. ' The government accepts their offer and Pahoehoe 2, North Kona reverted back to the government; they in turn received the lands they had ) requested. (HSA. Interior Dept. 3/7/1850) Forgetful of this conveyance to the government, Kaeo complained to the Minister of Interior in February of 1855 that as konohiki (overseer) of Pahoehoe district, he is much distressed to find the government land agent il has sold Pahoehoe to the natives. Aside from the fact that Jane and Josue Kaeo no longer had any - legal claim to Pahoehoe 2, North Kona, Kaeo apparently had also been grossly misinformed regarding which Pahoehoe lands had been sold. The tracts of land that the .government had sold were 11 located in Ptahoehoe 1-4, South Korsa and Pahoehoe 1, 3, and 4 in North Kona. Pahoehoe 2, North Kona had been reserved as the property of chiefess Kekauonohi. (HSA. Interior Dept. 2/10/1855 and Index of all li ' Grants and Patents Land Sales 1916:154, 159) When Jane Lahilahi died in January of 1862, her son Albert Kunuiakea 1 is listed as receiving Pahoehoe 2, North Kona--legal title of which had long been relinquished by Jane and Josua Kaeo in 1850. (HSA. 1 Probate 1363) Land Commission Award 11216 IThe second of the chiefs claiming Pahoehoe 2, North Kona was Miriam Keahikuni Kekauonohi. During the governorship of Kuakini, thererdeveloped a peculiar system of claiming lands released to the government. Every other year Kuakini 666�� alternated with Kamehameha in claiming as their own, lands which had become unencumbered. . 1 C: G • 172-121685 A-8 By the close of Kuakini's service, however, a new order had seemingly 1 been devised. In a roster of released lands prepared for the year 1842-1843, it is stated that certain lands were givers outright by the King to the unnamed complier of the roster. Two sections of Pahoehoe were numbered among these released lands. From all appearances, I believe the compiler to be William Pitt Leleiohoku, an adopted heir and intended successor to Kuakini. (HSA. Interior Dept. 1843) In the Great Mahele division of lands between Leleiohoku and Kamehameha III, Leleiohoku relinquished his right to both Pahoehoe 1 and Pahoehoe 2. • In theory, the land thus reverted back to Kamehameha III. (HSA. Interior Dept. Docs. 387,314) 11 Kekauonohi died in Honolulu on June 2, 1851. No will to her substantial estate could be found, however, Levi Haalelea (her husband at 11 the time) was said to have inherited all of her valuable lands. (Pacific Commercial Advertiser 10/8/1864 p.2:4 and Polynesian 6/7/1851 p. 15:2) Haalelea's will (settled after his death on 10/3/1864) does not include Pahoehoe inithe inventory of real properties. (HSA. 1 Probate 2415) Aside from the settlement of lands among chiefs and Kamehameha III 1 during the Mahele, two native tennants also submitted their claims and supporting testimony for parcels in Pahoehoe 2, North Kona. FiD Land Commission Award 5769/Royal Patent 4216 to Kapule In his claim to Pahoehoe 2 lands, Kapule, the overseer of the 11 district, numbered 12 cultivated parcels of land scattered throughout the district. He also made claim for a house lot situated upland of the road. In addition, Kapule's claim contained some interesting cultural data. • 11 Kale (surgeon fish) was the particular variety of seafood reserved for the overseer's use; it was unlawful for any person, to fish for surgeon fish from the district's seas. Ulu (breadfruit) trees were also considered to have a particular value to the uplands of Pahoehoe 2. Kapule went on to state that the uplands lacked a chief and that certain names were attached to lands and sea. The sea was known as "Kaluapuhi" (the eel pit) ; the land to the south was referredo as "Kauk " t au and the land to the north was "Haleolono." 11 Translated from Hawaiian is his letter of application in its entirety: . Kailua, Hawaii 25 January 1848 11 Greetings to you, Land Commissioners, I submit before you ray claim for land at Pahoehoe 2...John Young II. These are my parcels: 6 parcels - 5 parcels isolated, 1 parcel surrounded. 3 parcels isolated, unihabited, 3 parcels.inhabited. = There is no chief ins the upland area. Kaluapuhi is the Cname 1 11 C C) 172-121685 A-9 !: ‘1 of thea sea; Haleoloo is situated in the north and Kaukau is J r+to the south. 11 Here is the second of the subjects to be addressed: Kala (surgeon fish) is the fish which only the konohiki (overseer) 11 is to take from the sea. Here is another - breadfruit trees upland are the valuable trees of this area. 11 By rne, By Kapule, Overseer 11 This isgiven so that you may see fit to consent to this valid application and that you award a patent as is just. This relates to my claim for a houselot in Pahoehoe 2, 11 which I also submit before you. Here are the boundaries: North 37 fathoms South 24 fathoms and 1 foot 11 West 44 fathoms East 35 fathoms My residence here has been established since the time of Kuakini. Farewell to you, t__) By me, by Kapule. (HSA. RP 4216) 11 All of Kapule's parcels were summed and described in two parts or aoana. The first (apana 1) consisted of his cultivated lands which adjoined those of Nawelu to the south. These lands totalled 1.8 'acres and 11 may possibly be situated in the project area. Kapule's second apana, comprised of his houselot. It sat beside the government road and occupied 283.6 fathoms.. Survey notes describe both apana this way: • Award 5769 Kapule Pahoehoe 2 Kona Hawaii Part 1 Begin at the south corner and run North 33'15' West 2.02 chains along the land of the overseer North 71'15' East 7.89 " U II It " " i+ li South 22' East 2.37 " /I It If II' II " South 68'30' " " H U "West 2.70 Nawelu South 78'15' West 4.82 " 11 1e " " " unt i l 11 the point of commencement. , Contains 1.8 acres. Part 2 Houselat Begin at the east corner and run 1 11 South 56'65' West 82 feet along the overseer's • North 44'30' West 109 " H " road North 56' East 92 " is " overseer's U./1 South 38'30' East 106 " it " " until the point of commencement. In this part: 283.6 fathoms 1 TOTAL 2 acres 41.6 fathoms. 'Lien Qa A91 c '11 ' (Th 172-121685 A-10 11"''', . 4 Additional information is provided in the testimony of Kahookele who 11 confirms Kapule's right to * his parcels from the time of Karaeharneha I. . This witness gave an account of all cultivated plots which he said were enclosed by either a fence or wall. Two houselots were also 11 specified--one upland of the road, the other seaward of it. The upland homestead consisted of three houses--one for Nawelu, who I believe to be Kapule's son-in-law. 11 The complete testimony follows: \ No. 5769 Kapule • Feb. 8, 1849 11 . Kahookele sworn He has seen ,in the ili land Haleolono of Pahoe- hoe 2 ahupuaa '9 sections. Section 1 - All konohiki boundaries, 3 cultivated kihapais Section 2 - All konohiki boundaries, 5 cultivated kihapais Section 3 - All konohiki boundaries, 5 cultivated kihapais 11 Section 4 - All konohiki boundaries, 6 cultivated kihapais Section 5 - All konohiki boundaries, 7 cultivated kihapais Section, 6 - All konohiki boundaries, 6 cultivated kihapais Section 7 - All konohiki boundaries, 3 cultivated kihapais 11 Section 8 - House lot Mauka and all around is idle land, Kapule had enclosed the land. There are 3 houses, 2 had been for Kapule 1:\ and one for Nawelu who had lived under Kapule. Kapule had died in 1847 and the bequest had been made to his 5 children: 1) Kula, 2) Kalawakua, 3) Kamakahiki, 4) Kahookano, 5) Keananiana, (F). Section 9 - House lot 2 "-A Mauka Road Ka' u makai, Kohala Idle land - . Kapule had fenced this lot, 1 house had been for him. Land is from Kaoanaeha now, folks are old residents since Kam I, no one has objected. Kumukahi sworn Both he and Kahookele have known in the same way. (HSA. Native Testimony v.4:599) Kahookele erred slightly in two statements he made: 1) Kapule's letter of application to the Land Commission, is signed and dated January 11 of 1848, thus he could not have died in 1847 as was claimed and 2) Kaoanaeha is mentioned as the owner of the land; there were two chiefesses named Kaoanaeha, one the late wife of John Young, the other his daughter. 11 Neither of them were ever recorded as having legal right to the land. Kahookele was probably confusing Kaoanaeha with her sister Lahilahi Young, who was awarded the land as an heir of John Young. Land Commission Award 10986/ Revel Patent 4e20 to Nawelu/Welu 11 . The second native claimant for Pahoehoe elands also tended fairly extensive garden plots. His application stated: T i . iNo. 10986 Welu Kailua, Hawaii, 26 Jan. /1848/ .� Greeting to the Land Commissioners: I hereby petition for my • 11 C C 172-121685 A-11 ,e,-------\,e,-------\ �, kihapai claim at Pahoehoe 2. Here are my kihapais: 10 taro male on the kula. That is my petition to the commissioners to li ' quiet land titles. WELU (HSA. Native Register e v.8:489-90) Welu or Nawelu is quite specific about the location of his various kihapai (cultivated patches of land). The ten fields that are planted in 11 taro are situated in an arid belt of land called epaa. His eight plots of sweet potato are cultivated in a very fertile zone, possibly among breadfruit trees; this are is referred to as Kauluulu. He also posesses li eight agricultural plots in the dry open flat-land known as the kula. • Native testimony verifying Nawelu's claim stated: 11 No. 10986 Nawe l u Feb. 9, 1849 Moopuu sworn He has seen 4 lele sections, aitho' there is a 11 total of 5 sections. Section 1 - Kaukau ili of Pahoehoe 3 Lsic3 ahupuaa All konohiki boundaries, 5 cultivated kihapais. Section 2 - 5 iii are in this section Mauka Konohiki Ka'u Pahoehoe 3 ahupuaa Makai Konohiki Kohala Pahoehoe 1 ahupuaa 6 kihapai have been cultivated Section 3 - Mauka Konohiki 11 Ka'u Pahoehee 3 ahupuaa Makai and Kohala Korsohiki 5 cultivated kihapai Section 5 - House lot Mauka • Idle land Ka'u Kapule's land • Makai Government road Kohala Paule's lot 2 houses for Nawelu, enclosed and he lives there. Old larsd had been for Nawelu's wife's parents at the time of li Kam I., no one has objected to Nawelu. Kapahu Both have known in the same way. (HSA. Native Testimony v.4:608-4) Noopuu's testimony seemed to indicate that one of Nacelles Pahoehoe 2 lands occupied a parcel of land which stretched from Pahoehoe 1 to . Pahoehoe 3; another cultivated section sat in the southerly land area known as Kaukau; a third section adjoined Pahoehoe 3. Nawelu's houselot neighbored that of Kapule, who it seems, was -Nawelu's father-in-law. Royal Patent survey notes described only two apana: a 2.2 acre cultivated parcel, possibly that ' in Kaukau, and Newelu's houselot. The metes and bounds for each were: Land of Nawelq, - Pahoehoe 2, Kona Hawaii i • \ Section 1 Begin at the east cornerand run sem1 North 11'30' West 0.95 chs. along the land of the overseer .2 South 61' 11 U U N N /1 W !/ I _-'' C 172-121685 A-12 ' 3 South 44°45' West 3.23 chs. along the land of the overseer 4 N 56'451 N 6.73- II H N U N II 5 " 68'30' " L. !SN !! N i1 11 N Kapule 6 " 78'151 N 4.82 '1 N II II H N Yl H i1 7 17' East 2.28 N " N N N N overseer 11 8 North 64' 15' li 4.76 " N 11 -Si N II ' N 9 " L 3' N .76 N N U N II II !1 le N LG55e7' " 6.90 N N N N 1! N 11 11 11 " 45'301 N 3.23 N 7/ p N It N !1 12 " 62'30' N 3. 13 N. N U N " N N until arriving at the point of Commencement. This land 11 contains 2.2 acres. J. Fuller Surveyor Kona, Hawaii Sept. 1, 16:2. tHSA. RP 4220) . 11 Section 2 Houselot - Nawelu il Begin at the east corner of this houselot and run South 56'00' West 92 chains to Kapule North 48'45' West 98 " Road 11 North :6'00' East 110 " °f Konohiki South 37'30' East 97 II1.°f until arriving at the point of commencement. This section contains 272 fathoms. (HSA. RP 4220) kii) In summary, it has been shown that as a land Pahoehoe 2 was significant enough that various chiefs of rank submitted claims for it. Though not very populated nor wealthy, the few native.tennants residing upon this land had adequate resources to sustain a livelihood--staples and fish were easily available. 11 . CARTOGRAPHIC AND VISUAL SOURCES ,k Very little worthy of mention was found in the State Survey Division. Available maps revealed no new data to complement what is given here. 11 A few research hours were also expended in obtaining information on water-color sketches of Kailua-Kona coastlines as painted by Paul Emmert in the mid-18O0s. One of his sketches reputedly depicted Pahoehoe, however, this could not be properly ascertained as the ownership and location of the original paintings are unknown. . RECOMMENDATIONS IIIt is suggested that a more extensive search be undertaken of mythological sources and early historical descriptions in an effort to �-, "plump-out" our understanding of land use .and residential patterns. • C 0 172-121685 R-13 k0 . In addition, more research hours_ could be devoted to the examination of later land records. The Land Court Application adjacent to the project area, should be studied for detail pertinent to the project site. Finally, more information is needed an the Emmert watercolor series. I By this, it is hoped that an early visual record of the area and hints to land' use and settlement eaay�be obtained. I • I I •. CD I 172-121685 A-14 C--) REFERENCES CITED 11 Baker, Albert S. 1915 "Between Bays in Kona" in Thrum's Hawaiian Annual for 11 1916. Honolulu: T.G. Thrum Board of Commissioners to Gfuiet Land Titles 11 1929 Indices of Awards...Honolulu: Territory of Hawaii. 11 Clark, John 1985 Beaches of the Big Island. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 11 Ellis, Williau 11 1963 Journal of William Ellis, Honolulu: Advertiser Publishing Company, Ltd. Hawaii State Archives Interior Department Land File • Henry Kekahuna Private Collection '� Native and Foreign Registers and Testimony ' j Privy Council Records Probates Public Instruction Lands File Royal Patent Applications Hawaii State Survey Division various maps and tracings 11 Ii, John Papa 1973 Fragments of Hawaiian History. Honolulu: Bishop Museum 11 Press. Judd, Gerrit P. IV 11 1960 Dr. Judd: Hawaii's Friend. Honolulu. Kinney, Henry W. 11 1913 The Island of Hawaii. Hilo, Hawaii: Hilo Board of Trade. 11 Pacific Commercial Advertiser Obituary - 18/8/1864 l 0 0 : a 172-121685 A-15 IC-- ) Polynesian 11 Obituary - 6/7/1851 Pukui, Mary K., Samuel H. Elbert and Esther T. Mookini 11 x1'974 Place Names of Hawaii. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii. ilThrum, Thomas G. 11 1907 List of Heiaus. , The Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1908. Honolulu: T.S. Thrum. Winne, Jane Lathrop li 1928 Kaukini and Hulihee. Honolulu. 11 il I I r I I 0 8. 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J `,. i.:.,26' .'-.'.•7-.,-..4',e,'.=',, , ,.• - : .. , . •...:.,_ A ,! ,!,,'14',!).11:,Y;':.i;:r.:.;.',-,:: !.:--.. -: :')...a•-..... 1.-,. 1:„..v.ri:•.::.'' ;1', :2 . BEFORE THE LAND USE COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII In the Matter of the Petition of ) DOCKET NO. A86-605 KEAUHOU INVESTMENT COMPANY and ) KEAUHOU INVESTMENT KONA COAST PROPERTIES , LTD . , ) COMPANY and KONA COAST A JOINT VENTURE ) PROPERTIES , LTD . , A ) JOIN.T VENTURE To Amend the Agricultural Land Use ) District Boundary into the Urban ) Land Use District for Approximately ) 44 . 3 Acres at Pahoehoe 2nd, District ) of North Kona, County of Hawaii , ) " State of Hawaii , Tax Map Key No. : ) 7 -7-08 : portion of 21 ) s- ill :rl FINDINGS OF FACT, CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, AND DECISION AND ORDER Planning Dept. Exhib ; BEFORE THE LAND USE COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII In the Matter of the Petition of ) DOCKET NO . A86-605 ) KEAUHOU INVESTMENT COMPANY and ) KEAUHOU INVESTMENT KONA COAST PROPERTIES, LTD . , ) COMPANY and KONA COAST A JOINT VENTURE ) PROPERTIES, LTD ., A ) JOINT VENTURE To Amend the Agricultural Land Use ) District Boundary into the Urban ) Land Use District for Approximately ) 44 . 3 Acres at Pahoehoe 2nd, District ) of North Kona, County of Hawaii , ) State of Hawaii , Tax Map Key No. : ) 7-7-08 : portion of 21 ) ) FINDINGS OF FACT, CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, AND DECISION AND ORDER Keauhou Investment Company and Kona Coast Properties , Ltd. , a Joint Venture (hereinafter the "Petitioner") , filed this boundary amendment Petition on June 30 , 1986 , and an • amendment to the Petition on August 28 , 1986 , pursuant to • Chapter 205 , Hawaii Revised Statutes , and the Rules of Practice and Procedure of the Land Use Commission, State of Hawaii , to amend the land use district boundary for approximately 44 . 3, acres of land, Hawaii Tax Map Key 7-7-08 : portion of 21 , situate at Pahoehoe 2nd, District of North Kona , County of Hawaii , from the Agricultural District to the Urban District (hereinafter the "Property") . The Land Use Commission (hereinafter the "Commission" ) , having heard and examined the testimony, evidence , and arguments of counsel presented during • the hearing , and the stipulated proposed findings of fact, and conclusions of law submitted by the parties , hereby- makes the following findings of fact, conclusions of law, and decision and order : FINDINGS OF FACT PROPROCEDURALMATTERS 1 . On August 29 , 1986 , Petitioner filed an amendment to the petition which deleted parcel 23 of TMK : 7-7-08 consisting of approximately 0 . 15 acres and a 600 square foot • portion of parcel 21 of TMK 7-7-08 . 2 . The Commission held the hearing on this Petition • on November 6 and 7 , 1986 in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii , pursuant to notice published in the Hawaii Tribune Herald and the Honolulu • Advertiser on September 22 , 1986 . 3 . The Commission allowed Joseph Vierra, representing Lucille Kingman, to testify as a public witness . 4 . The Commission did not receive any petitions to • intervene in this proceeding . DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY 5 . The Property is located on the West coast of the Island of Hawaii , approximately three miles north of the Keauhou resort area and three miles south of Kailua-Kona. It is bounded by Kuakini Highway on the East and Alii Drive on the West. The proposed Alii Drive realignment, also known as the Alii Highway, passes through the makai portion of the Property. -2 - • 6 . The Property, which is vacant of any structures , has been used intermittently for cattle grazing . No recent agricultural activities have occurred on the Property. 7 . The Property rises from an elevation of approximately 12 feet above sea level at the mak'ai end to an • elevation of approximately 450 feet above sea level at the • mauka end. Slopes range from two to 30 percent. 8 . The Property and surrounding areas have a temperate climate and an average annual rainfall of approximately 40 inches . 9. According to the United States Department of • Agriculture Soil Survey maps , the Property is classified as • being type rKED Kaimu soil series and rPYD Punalu 'u series. • The Kaimu series are well-drained soils , thin and organic. They are found on uplands at an elevation ranging from near sea level to 1 , 000 feet. They receive from 40 to 60 inches of annual rainfall . Kaimu extremely stony peat ( rKED) • exhibits 6 to 20 percent slopes , rapid permeability and slow runoff . The erosion hazard is slight. In a representative profile, the surface layer is very dark brown extremely stony • peat about 3 inches thick and is underlain by fragmental Aa lava. According to the Soil. Conservation Service, this soil is not suitable for cultivation. However, small areas are used for pasture, macadamia nuts , papaya and citrus fruits . This soil is found on the lower half of the Property. -3 - • The Punaluu series consists of well-drained thin organic soils over pahoehoe lava bedrock. They are found at elevations ranging from near sea level to 1 , 000 feet and receive from 60 to 90 inches of rainfall annually. Punaluu extremely rocky peat (rPYD) exhibits slopes of 6 to 20 percent. A profile surface layer is black peat about 4 inches • thick which is underlain by pahoehoe lava bedrock. The peat is rapidly permeable while the lava is very slowly permeable , although water moves rapidly through the cracks . Runoff is slow and the erosion hazard is slight. This soil is used for pasture. This soil is found on the mauka portion of the Property. • 10 . According to the Land Study Bureau , Detailed Land Classification, almost all of the Property has a soil classification rating of B , indicating that it has marginal potential for agricultural crop production. A small portion of the Property near Kuakini Highway is rated C. 11 . According to the State Department of Agriculture ' s Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State. of Hawaii (ALISH) maps , approximately 25 percent of the Property immediately makai of Kuakini Highway is classified as "other important" agricultural land . The remainder is not classified. 12 . According to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) , a small area on the makai portion of the Property is classified • Zone "A" (Area of 100-year flooding) . The majority of the Property, however, is classified Zone "C" (Area of minimal -4 - • • flooding) . The Property is not within the tsunami inundation area. 13 . The Property is owned by the Petitioner and will be developed by the Petitioner or its assigns . PROPOSAL FOR RECLASSIFICATION • 14 . Petitioner proposes to develop multiple and single family residential units . Petitioner, however, has no plans to • construct homes within_ the single family residential. area. 15 . The multiple residential units will be constructed on approximately 20 . 5 acres of land on the lower portion of the Property. The single family residential lots , consisting of approximately 16, acres , will be developed on the mauka portion of the Property. 16 . Petitioner proposes to utilize cluster plan development or planned unit development concepts to create 6 , 000 to 8 , 000 square foot sized single family residential lots . 17 . Petitioner proposes to develop the Property in phases : Phase I • 92 multiple residential units Phase II - 139 multiple residential units Phase III • 79 single family units 18 . ' Petitioner proposes to design units to range between two and three stories high and to locate units to maximize the coastal views . 19 . The multi-family buildings will consist of approximately 70 to 80 percent two bedroom models having -5 - • approximately 1500 square feet of gross area divided between 1200 and 1250 feet of interior area, the remainder being lanai . The remaining 20 to 30 percent will consist of one bedroom units ranging from 900 to 1 ,000 square feet, of which 75 to 80 percent will comprise living area. • 20 . Petitioner proposes to sell one bedroom units at a price range of $130 , 000 to $175 , 000 , and two bedroom units at a price range of $160 , 000 to $225 , 000 , based on 1986 dollars . 21 . The single family lots will be sold at a price • range of $60 , 000 to $100 , 000 per lot, 'based on 1986 dollars . 22 . Petitioner also proposes three recreational complexes ; two within the 'multiple residential area and one • within the single family residential area. Petitioner proposes to include in the recreational completes , a swimming pool , tennis courts , and possibly a small clubhouse. 23 . Petitioner estimates the proposed project' s preliminary engineering cost to be $6 .6 million ( 1986 dollars) including on-site and off-site electrical, water, roadway, • sewer and other infrastructural improvements . The breakdown by Phases would be $1 , 750 , 000 for Phase I , $2 , 560 , 000 for Phase II , and for the final single family residential area the cost would be $2 , 290 , 000 . 24. Petitioner' s timetable and phases for development contemplates obtaining the appropriate County zoning and Special Management Area permits in late 1987 or early 1988 . The project could start six months after obtaining the • -6 - necessary permits , and be completed within five years thereafter. Phase I of the Project could be completed within two years after commencement of the Project; Phase II could be completed oneyear after completion of Phase I ; and Phase III P P could be completed two years subsequent to the completion of Phase II . ' I PETITIONER'S FINANCIAL CAPABILITY TO UNDERTAKE THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 25 . Keauhou Investment Company, partner to the joint venture , has submitted a balance sheet dated March 31 , 1986-, which lists total assets of $1 , 544 , 762 . 05 , Note Payable to Partner in the sum of $75 , 000 . 00 and Partners ' Capital of $1 ,469 , 762 . 05 . Moreover, the total combined net worth of the individual partners exceeds $11 ,000 , 000. 26 . Kona Coast Properties , Ltd. , the remaining } partner, has submitted a balance sheet dated May 31 , 1986 , which lists total assets of $1 , 534 , 983 , advances from stockholders in the sum of $995 , 446 and stockholders ' equity of . $540 ,000 and deficit of $463 . 27. To substantiate its financial capability to undertake the proposed project, Petitioner submitted a letter from Rainier International Bank to the Commission stating that Mr. William Chan, a Principal Shareholder of Kona Coast Properties , Ltd. , was known to the bank and that the bank was "prepared to make a credit facility up to $2 , 000 , 000 . . . for the purpose of providing finance for the development. " -7 - Petitioner also submitted a letter from the Overseas Union Bank, Ltd. to the Commission that certified that Mr. C . H. Wong and Mr. Wilson Tai , two of the Principal Shareholders of Kona Coast Properties , Ltd. , • "are persons of substantial means and good financial • standing and they have ample private resources to provide the said Company with all necessary funds which may be required for the development. . . . [W)e would consider most favorably granting against securities provided by the abovementioned shareholders such sums of money to the extent of $4 , 000 , 000 . ". Petitioner will permit local investors to participate in the development of this Project. • STATE AND COUNTY PLANS AND PROGRAMS 28 . The Commission designates the Property within the State Land Use Agricultural District as reflected on Land Use District Boundary Map H-8 . 29 . The County of Hawaii ' s General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG MAP) designates the Property as Orchards/Alternate Urban Expansion. This designation allows urban development and residential uses on the Property provided • that applicable goals , policies , and standards of the General Plan can be met. 30 . The Kona Regional Plan' s Land Use Concept Map designates a portion of the. Property makai of the proposed Alii Highway as RES-6 ( 6 units per acre) , while the mauka area is designated RES-4 (4 units per acre) . 31 . The County zoning designation is Unplanned (U) . . -8 - 32 . The entire Property is situate within the County Special Management Area (SMA) . NEED FOR THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 33 . The Hallstrom Appraisal Group, Inc. (hereinafter "Halist_rom") , Petitioner ' s market analyst, has concluded that a need for the proposed project exists . Hallstrom' s study determined that : a. The single family lots could achieve selling prices of $60 , 000 to $100 , 000 per lot, and under present market conditions , 15 to 25- lots could be anticipated to be sold annually. b . The multi-family units would conservatively be absorbed by the market at the rate of 20 to 25 units per year. 34 . Hallstr.om also conditioned its market projections on a number of factors and recommendations to Petitioner as to the nature and quality of the proposed development. Hallstrom' s recommendations are as follows : a. A mixed use of the subject property, combining multifamily (condominium) and single-family lot development would be highly preferable to full development of either (or alternative) use types . b. The units should be built incrementally in phases with each phase containing less than SO units . This would limit the capital investment necessary at any given time. c. The multi-family dwelling units should be located in the makai portion of the property and total 200 to 250 units. d. The units should be built in pods or .builetings of 12 to 20 units , and these buildings should be three stories or less to maximize the coastal views . e. The unit mix should be 70 to 80 percent two bedroom models with the remainder being one bedroom units . The -9 - two bedroom units should have approximately 1500 square feet of gross area divided between 1200 and 1250. feet of interior area , with the remainder consisting of lanai . Petitioner' s market consultant also recommended that the one bedroom units be in the range of 900 to 1 , 000 square feet, of which 75 to 80 percent should be living area. • f. A strong amenity package , which might include' a swimming pool or pools , whirlpool , tennis and clubhouse , is essential to the project ' s success. A recreational "pod" should be placed within each phase of the development. • g. The quality of the development should be superior , although not luxury class . One bedroom units would be marketed in the range of $130 , 000 to $175 ,000 and two bedroom units in the range of $160 , 000 to $225 , 000. h. The single family residential lots should be developed in a single phase in the extreme mauka portion of the project. The development concept should • integrate the single family and multi-family dwellings into a unitized community which would share in community services , costs , recreational benefits , and beach access . The square footage of the single family lots is adequate in light of the project ' s open space and amenity packages. 35 . Hallstrom was of the opinion that with the exception of the Keauhou Kona Resort, no other project in the Kailua to Keauhou coastal corridor boasts the aforementioned features and for that reason, the subject project "could achieve a viable market share. " ECONOMIC IMPACTS • 36 . The project is expected to have some positive economic impact to the area and region by providing both short-term and some limited long-term employment in the construction and visitor industries . At the same time , the project will not involve the removal of an- on-going or active economic use of the Property. -10- IMPACTS UPON RESOURCES OF THE AREA Agricultural Resources. 37 . The State Department of Agriculture does not • • • expect the proposed project to have no adverse effect on agriculture resources of the State of Hawaii . • Flora and Fauna 38 . The proposed project will have no significant impact on native vegetation or native terrestrial vertebrate species. No rare , threatened or endangered species was found on the Property. Archaeological/Historical Resources 39. An archaeological reconnaissance survey of the • Property was conducted by Paul H. Rosendahl , Ph.D. , Inc. during November , 1985 . A total of 44 sites and site complexes were identified within the project area. The sites identified included components of a dry land agriculture system, the Kona field system, as well as the typical kinds of habitation sites, stepping stone trails , probable burial sites , and one site that has been tentatively identified as most likely being a heiau site. 40 . Petitioner will implement the following in accordance with the archaeologist' s recommendations : a. Further archaeological work in the form of intensive survey will be undertaken for 42 sites . b . An aboriginal ceremonial site or heiau, Site No. 6991 , will be preserved and integrated into the project. -11- c . That portion of the Great Wall of Kuakini which is located outside the proposed Alii Highway right-of-way • will be preserved and integrated into the project. d. The relocation of any burials will be done in a manner consistent withState regulations . Ground Water Resources 41 . The area in question has been designated by the State in their underground injection control program (State DOH Underground Control Maps , Chapter 23 ) as an area in which drywells and cesspools may be constructed. Petitioner' s engineering consultant , Mr. Edward K . Harada, testified that the injection of flood waters into drywells , which will be utilized by Petitioner on the project site. to control drainage, poses no threat of contamination of the ground waters for the reason that the State and the County have determined that the development of future domestic water wells will not occur in this region. Recreational , Scenic , and Cultural Resources 42 . The subject property is located in close proximity to the Disappearing Sands Beach Park and the County ' s Pahoehoe Park. Petitioner plans to offer a strong recreational amenity package on the Property which will include recreational facilities on each of the project' s three major phases, or development areas , and adverse impacts on existing recreational resources are anticipated to be minimal . -12- 43. The overall design plan stresses open spaces and the maintenance of view plains . Views to the ocean from Kuakini Highway will not be obstructed by the construction of single family residences on the mauka portion of the Property. A well designed entrance, adequate landscaping setback,; and the building setback will present a pleasing appearance and ensure the preservation of view plains to the mountains for persons traveling on Alii Drive . Coastal/Aquatic Resources 44 . The Property is not located directly' along the coastline , and' the nearest constructed building will be about 200 feet from the coast. Petitioner ' s engineering consultant testified that runoff from the drainage system is not expected to adversely affect the quality of coastal waters . • 45 . Certain areas of the Property will be landscaped. The usage of fertilizers and pesticides for the proposed development is not expected' to adversely affect the quality of • nearby coastal waters . ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY : Noise 46 . Increased noise levels are expected to result from • construction activities on the Property. Noise generated will be in compliance with the State Department of Health ' s regulations governing noise . -13- Air Quality 47 . Construction activity on the Property may produce • short-term air quality impacts , such as increases in vehicular emissions from increased and slower traffic on Alii Drive and the production of dust caused by clearing, grading, trenching, and related on-site work. The impacts can be minimized through the use of ameliorative measures , such as the use of sprinklers and equipment that complies with proper air and noise pollution regulations . • 48 . Petitioner believes there will be potential long-term impacts on air quality, resulting from additional traffic generated by residents of the development. . Petitioner anticipates that units in the development will be sold to persons utilizing the dwellings as primary residences (and hence working) and second home purchasers . Not all of the • additional traffic generated by the development will occur at peak traffic hours , and any adverse effects on air quality should be less noticeable . • ADEQUACY OF PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES Highway and Roadway Facilities • • 49 . Alii Drive is a two-lane county road which provides a coastal connection between Kailua-Kona and Keauhou. 50 . The proposed Kailua to Keauhou road, a two lane County highway, known as Alii Highway, will bisect the makai third of the Property. This highway is expected to be -14- completed within the next four years , relieving congestion on Kuakini Highway and Alii Drive. 51. A traffic studydone byM E Pacific , Inc. � states that although the project would increase traffic onto Alii Drive, with the introduction of Alii Highway at the conclusion of the construction of Phase - I of the project , there will be a diversion of traffic from Alii Drive to Alii Highway, which would decrease traffic on Alii Drive by approximately 30 percent. 52 . Petitioner proposes to construct an overpass to link the portions of the project which would be separated by Alii Highway. 53 . Petitioner does not contemplate direct access from the project to Kuakini I-I.ighway. Water Service 54 . The project site is located within the limits of the Department of Water Supply' s North Kona System, which is supplied by four wells and a shaft at Kahaluu. Water is • transmitted through a series of water mains to Kuakini Highway • and to Alii Drive. An eight-inch main connecting to an existing eight-inch main in Alii Drive will serve Phase I . • Phases II and III will be served by an eight-inch main connecting to an existing 12-inch main along Kuakini Highway. SS . Petitioner has secured a commitment from the Water Commission of the County of Hawaii for 310 residential units , -15- in the, amount of 0. 1860 million gallons per day, pursuant to its participation in the Kona Water Agreement. 56 . Petitioner estimates that there is sufficient water from the existing water system to serve this project. Wastewater Disposal 57 . The Property is not served by the County ' s municipal sewage system. While a connection system is proposed for this area , it is unlikely that such a system will be constructed in the immediate future . 58 . Petitioner proposes to construct an on-site sewage treatment system consisting of a pipe collection system to transport sewage to a private package treatment plant. The treated effluent will be disposed of by injection wells and the sludge removed by tank trucks at regular intervals . Petitioner proposes that the package treatment plant would be temporary and that the entire sewer system will eventually be connected to the municipal system upon the implementation ofthe planned sewer improvements by the County. In response to concerns of an adjacent property 'owner, Petitioner proposes to relocate the proposed sewage treatment plant to a site depicted on • Petitioner' s Exhibit No. 17 . A representative of the adjacent property owner indicated that this relocation would satisfy their concerns . 59 . Since the project area falls outside of the State Department of Health' s designated "no-pass" zone, no adverse -16- impacts are expected to the nearshore coastal waters or underground sources of drinking water. Drainage 60 . The Property is situate on a ridge above the Kau_ntalurnalu Drainageway. Very little runoff is currently generated with most of the rainfall percolating into the ground. There are no existing drainage improvements on the D site. 61 . Petitioner proposes to construct a swale-inlet-culvert system to channel runoff generated in the single-family portion of the development. • Curbs and gutters • are proposed to direct runoff to drywell type catch basins within the road right-of-way. The lower portion of the single family development would utilize a pipe culvert system to discharge overflow from the catch basins into a drainage system within the intermediate roadway. 62 . Petitioner believes that open spaces surrounding the multi-family units Would provide an area for the percolation of sheetflow runoff . Drywells and ponding areas 1 would be used as a means of disposing some of the runoff onsite . 63 . Petitioner proposes to install drainage improvements in the flood hazard area of the Property to reduce flooding or to design and locate buildings above the flood elevation in conformance with the requirements of Chapter 22 of the Hawaii County Code . -17- Solid Waste Disposal 64. There is no government operated pickup service for • solid waste disposal within the County of Hawaii . Solid waste generated by the proposed development would have to be disposed at an approved disposal site by private haulers . Schools 65 . Public Schools serving the area include Kahakai. Elementary (K-5 ) , Kealakehe Intermediate (6-8) , and Konawaena High (9-12 ) . 66 . According to the State Department of Education, "Kahakai Elementary, Kealakehe Intermediate and Konawaena High Schools are at capacity. " Additional classrooms maybe required to accommodate growth at the subject schools . Police and Fire Protection 67 . Fire protection is provided by the fire stations at Kailua-Kona and Captain Cook. Police services are available from the district station at Captain Cook and a satellite station in Kailua-Kona . • • Electricity and Telephone Services 68 . Electrical and telephone services are available to the Property without adversely affecting existing facilities . CONFORMANCE TO APPLICABLE DISTRICT STANDARDS 69 . The Property is bounded by urban type uses. Single and multiple-family uses , plus a restaurant, are all situated within a 200 foot radius of the Property. The Property is generally contiguous to properties within the Urban -18- District on the northern side, and specifically contiguous to Urban-designated properties on its makai and southern boundaries . The Property therefore fits into the category of lands characterized by "city-like" concentrations of people, • structures , streets , urban level of services and other related • land uses . 70 . The major communities of Kailua and Keauhou are located no more than four miles away. Basic services are available in those areas , including water, electricity, police and ,fire protection, medical services , and schools . The Property is therefore properly in proximity to centers of employment and basic services . 71 . The project is economically feasible . • 72 . The Property does not have any adverse geographic or topographic constraints which would hinder or endanger the proposed Project, nor is it susceptible to drainage problems , or unstable soil conditions . A small portion of the makai end of the Property is located within the flood hazard area., • However, mitigative measures such as constructing the proposed building above the flood level, or deferring construction until such time as permanent drainage measures can be provided will be utilized. 73. The proposed development is consistent with the land use objectives of the County General Plan. The General Plan designates this area for Alternate Urban Expansion, which would allow developments of this nature and density. -19- • 74. The proposed development will not contribute to the scattered development of North Kona. It is within an area set aside by the County for urbanization. It is already well served by public facilities and services. As such , it will not necessitate unreasonable public investment to support it. CONFORMANCE WITH THE GOALS , OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES OF THE HAWAII STATE PLAN; RELATIONSHIP WITH APPLICABLE PRIORITY DIRECTIONS AND FUNCTIONAL PLANS 75 . Petitioner ' s proposed project is consistent with the following objectives of the Hawaii State Plan (Chapter 226 , HRS) : a. Objectives and policies for the economy, specifically , those relating to increased employment opportunities and improved living standards (Section 6(a) ( 1) ) , and policies striving to achieve a sustained level of construction activities (Section 6(b) (6) ) , and promotion of •• economic activities (Section 6(b) ( 11) ) . This project is relevant to these policies and objectives since it will provide both short term and long term employment. Construction and construction-related jobs will be created, and some amount of tourism-related jobs will be created upon completion of this project . The project would be done tastefully from a design standpoint, and a minimal interruption of the coastal areas would occur. A heiau would be integrated within the project, and together with the nonobstrusive design of the units , they would enhance and protect our historic resources. b. Objectives and policies relating to the physical environment, such as the protection of rare or endangered plant or animal life , preservation of significant historic resources , and promotion of visual enjoyment of the mountain and ocean (Sections 11(b) (6) and 12(b) (3) ) . The Property has no rare or endangered plant or animal life. The major historic features are being preserved and integrated into the project , -20- • and view planes to the ocean are being kept by virtue of locating the single-family units on the mauka end of the project. c. Objectives and policies relating to public facilities and infrastructure (Section 14(a) ) . The necessary infrastructure to serve this development will be provided. Water is available, and the appropriate internal water system will be provided. Access to the Property will be developed and staged in accordance with the requirements of the County. A sewer system for • the entire project will be constructed in conformance with State and County Public Health requirements. • • d. Objectives and policies relating to housing, , such as increasing housing choices for low-income, moderate-income , and gap-group households (Section 19(b) (2) ) ; and the provision of housing in suitable environments where they would be accessible to public services and in close proximity to places of employment (Section • 19(b) (5 ) ) . Petitioner proposes to offer housing opportunities to low-moderate and gap-group households by 'either developing or contributing to the development , . a number of housing units equal to ten percent of the units to be developed on the y Pro ert . P CONFORMANCE WITH COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES 76. The Property falls within the County of Hawaii ' s • Special Management Area District. The proposed development is within the Coastal Zone Management Area, established by Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statutes , and the County Planning Commission' s Rule No. 9 relating to Special Management Area. 77 . The project conforms to the following Coastal Zone Management Objectives and Policies : a. Recreational Resources (Section 2(b) ( 1) ) : The project does not abut the shoreline and should not -21- have P anry ' direct adverse impact on shoreline • recreational opportunities . No coastal access will be affected by this project. b. Historic Resources (Section 2 (b) (2) ) : Measures will be taken by Petitioner to minimize any potentially adverse impact to the area ' s historical . resources. P en P c. Scenic and 0 Space Resources (Section 2(b) (3) ) : The topography of the Property , the placement of the single family dwellings on the mauka end of the Property, the design of the multifamily units , and the observance of setbacks will result in no significant interruption of existing coastal views . d. Coastal Ecosystems (Section 2(b) (4)) : The distance of the project from the shoreline, and Petitioner ' s utilization of acceptable methods of disposing of sewage will minimize any potentially • adverse impacts to the coastal ecosystems of this region. e. Economic Uses (Section 2 (b) (5 ) ) : The project will have some positive economic impact to the area and region by providing both short-term and some limited long-term employment in the construction and visitor • industries . The project will not involve the removal of an on-going and/or active economic use of the Property. f . Coastal Hazards (Section 2(b) ( 6) ) : The Property is not situate within the tsunami hazard area on the Federal Flood Insurance Rate Maps . While a portion of the makai end of the Property is situated within the flood hazard area , there are appropriate mitigative measures than can be taken to allow the use of that portion of the property. g. County General Plan and Related Codes : The Project is consistent with the General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide map and the General Plan document. It also generally comports to the • guidelines of the Kona Regional Plan. RULING ON STIPULATED PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT Any of the stipulated proposed findings of fact submitted by Petitioner or other parties not already ruled upon by the Commission by adoption herein, or rejected by clearly • -22- contrary findings of fact herein, are hereby denied and rejected. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW Pursuant to Chapter 205 , Hawaii Revised Statutes , the Rules of Practice and Procedure and Section 6-1 of the District Regulations of the Land Use Commission, the Commission concludes that the reclassification of the subject property, being approximately 44 . 3 acres of land situate at Pahoehoe 2nd, County of Hawaii , State of Hawaii , from the Agricultural District to the Urban District and the amendment of the State Land Use district Boundaries to permit the proposed development is reasonable , nonviolative of Section 205-2 , Hawaii Revised Statutes , and is consistent with the Hawaii State Plan as set forth in Chapter 226 , Hawaii Revised Statutes , as amended, and the District Regulations of the Land Use Commission. ORDER IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the subject property consisting of approximately 44 . 3 acres , identified by Hawaii Tax Map Key 7-7-08 portion of parcel 21 , situate at Pahoehoe 2nd, County of Hawaii , State of Hawaii , and more approximately described in "Exhibit A" attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference , shall be and the same is hereby reclassified from the Agricultural District to the Urban District , and the District Boundaries are amended accordingly, subject to the following conditions : -23- 1 . The Petitioner shall provide housing opportunities for low and moderate income Hawaii residents by developing a housing rental program, or offering for sale , or providing a cash distribution to eithe,x the Hawaii Housing Authority or County of Hawaii , or any combination thereof , meeting with the approval of either the Hawaii Housing Authority or County of Hawaii . The amount of units shall be equal to ten percent (10%) of residential units to be developed on the project area. The definition of low and moderate income families ' income shall be determined by standards promulgated by the Hawaii Housing Authority and the County of Hawaii from time to time. 2 . Petitioner shall design and construct a drainage system which will either contain development runoff within the Property or, if channelized to the ocean, minimize adverse impacts on nearshore ecosystems and Class AA water. 3 . Petitioner shall fund the design and construction of highway improvements for access to the Property and any other improvements fronting the Property as may be required by the County of Hawaii or by the State Department, of Transportation. 4 . Petitioner shall design, locate and construct the private sewage treatment plant as may be required by the County of HaWaii and the State Department of Health so as to minimize adverse impacts on the adjoining properties . -24- i • • 5 . Petitioner shall prepare preservation and data recovery plans for all significant historic sites which plans shall be submitted to the Department of Land and Natural Resources and the County of Hawaii Planning Department for their review and comment. • 6. The Commission may . fully or partially release these conditions as to all or any portion of the Property upon timely motion, and upon the provision of adequate assurance of satisfaction of these conditions by the Petitioner. • • • -25- DOCKET NO. A86-605 - KEAUHOU INVESTMENT COMPANY & KONA COAST PROPERTIES, LTD . Done at Honolulu, Hawaii , this 30th day of January 1987 , per motions on January 13 , 1987 and January 27, 1987. LAND USE COMMISSION ' STATE OF HAWAII By ,, _ TEOFILO PHIL TACBIAN Chairman and Commissioner /441077// FREDERICK P. WHITTEMORE Vi^c--e-. Chairman and Commissioner BY RI IIARD B. F . C IOYj Co missioner By 0 WI IAM W. L . YU ; Commissioner By7T/ 57777 �/� /RO ' RT S . TAMAYE Conmtissioner By 4 711 '� T RU� UZ(J I i ComM' ssi ner By cam . LAWRENCE F. CHUN Commissioner -26- o \ .... ./. 13,- \ --------- Vk '\ ALO v��. Holualoa ( H p F, , Bay � ---_�..�, z 3 ./ 1 -` E o{ K0EN 0 . P A Ufa : Beach Park (SI ; p A 1-2. - 2 White Sand -/ L A A U A Bench Park 01 L A �.� y ti yv \-57 6\\ v v \`K' A Kahaluu Bay 1 KAHALUU AREA APPROVED �.. LOCATION MAP K EAU Hou TMK NO.: 7-7-08 :Por 21 PAHOEHOE 2nd NORTH KONA, HAWAII Heeia Bay ,, ,,:,--N. .. }` Scale I =2000' Keauhou KEAUHOU --.- o Bay FYkI R1T BEFORE THE LAND USE COMvIISSION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII In the Matter of the Petition of ) DOCKET NO : A86-605 ) KEAUHOU INVESTMENT COMPANY AND ) -KEAUIIOU INVESTMENT COMPANY KONA COAST PROPERTIES , LTD . , A ) AND KONA COAST PROPERTIES, JOINT VENTURE ' ) A JOINT VENTURE ) To Amend the Agricultural Land Use ) District Boundary into the Urban ) Land Use District for Approximately ) 44. 3 Acres at Pahoehoe 2nd, District) of North Kona, County of Hawaii , ) • State of Hawaii , Tax Map Key No. : ) 7-7-08 : portion of 21 ) ) CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that a copy of the Decision and Order was served upon the following by either hand delivery or depositing the ; same in the U. S. Postal Service by certified mail : ROGER A. ULVELING, Director Department of Planning and Economic Development • State of Hawaii 250 South King Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 ALBERT LONO LYMAN, Planning Director Planning Department County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 T. DAVID iNOO , JR. , Attorney for Petitioner Suite 801 , Melim Building 333 Queen Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Dated : Honolulu , Hawaii , this 30th day of January 1987 . ESTHER UEDA, Executive Officer DOCKET NO. A86-605 - KEAUHOU INVESTMENT COMPANY AND KONA COAST PROPERTIES , LTD. , A JOINT VENTURE A copy of the Land Use Commission' s Decisi-on and Order was served upon the following by regular mail on January 30, 1987. EVERETT KANESHIGE, Deputy Attorney General Department of the Attorney General 465 South King Street, Room- 200 Honolulu , Hawaii 96813 RONALD IBARRA, ESQ. Deputy Corporation Counsel Office of the Corporation 'Counsel County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street Hilo , Hawaii 96720 SIDNEY FUKE , Planning Consultant 100 Pauahi Street , Suite 212 Hilo , Hawaii 96720 HOWARD T. CHANG, Esq. Chang , Mui , Chang $ Chock Suite 1250 , Central Pacific Plaza 220 South King Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813-4542 f ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 7-7-08: 21, 23 &120, LAND OF PAHOEHOE 2 NORTH KONA DISTRICT, ISLAND OF HAWAII By: Alan E. Hann, Ph.D. and Dave Henry, B.S. Prepared for: D-Bar Ranch LLC c%Westpro Development P.O.Box 2808 Kailua-Kona,HI 96745 July 2005 Revised April 2006 1 Haun & Associates 121029 Archaeological,Cultural,and Historical Resource Management Services HCR 1 Box 4730,Keaau,Hawaii 96749 Phone: 982-7755 Fax:982-6343 Pia n in g Dept; Exh b't SUMMARY At the request of Mr.Bill Brooks on behalf of D-Bar Ranch LLC,Haun&Associates conducted an ar- chaeological inventory survey of TMK:(3)7-7-08:21,23&120,a c.42-acre parcel located in the Land of Pahoehoe 2,North Kona District,Island.The objective of the survey was to satisfy,historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-Historic Pres- ervation Division(DLNR-HPD),as contained within Hawaii Administrative Rules,Title 13,DLNR,Subti- tle 13,State Historic Preservation Rules. The archaeological inventory survey identified 4lsites with 1,058 features.The 41 sites consist of 31 that were previously identified and ten that were newly identified during the inventory survey.The sites consist of 21 single feature sites and 20 complexes. The identified features consist of modified outcrops, mounds,terraces,enclosure,platforms,walls,faced mounds,filled cracks,kua 7wi, C-shapes,lava blisters, U-shapes, L-shapes, pavements and one each of the following; trough, trail and walled terrace. Feature function includes agricultural, permanent habitation, permanent habitation/burial,burial,livestock control, temporary habitation,ceremonial,ranching,transportation and flood control. The identified sites and features conform to the site and feature types expected in the kula zone of the Kona Field System based on previous archaeological work and historic documentary research.Prehis- toric to early historic agricultural features dominate the landscape, primarily consisting of modified out- crops and mounds that resulted from clearing stones to cultivate crops.The kula zone was traditionally used - for cultivating sweet potatoes,paper mulberry,and gourds.Early historic crops may have included the tra- ditional ones and introduced cultigens such as melons, beans, cabbage, coffee, onions, oranges, corn, pumpkins,cotton,tobacco,pineapple,and Irish potatoes. Habitation sites are concentrated in the seaward portion of the project area and scattered inland. These sites include forty-four permanent habitation features at seventeen sites and five temporary habita- tion features at five sites. All except one of the permanent habitation sites consist of one or two features that functioned as foundations for dwellings.Burials were identified during test excavations at two perma- ' nent habitation sites and one other location. The survey relocated and further documented two notable traditional Hawaiian sites,a stepping- stone trail and a heiau.The trail probably was the main inland-seaward transportation route associated with the habitation and agricultural use of Pahoehoe 2.The heiau is a massive, 548 sq m rectangular platform with several depressions and tiers on its upper surface. Major portions of the platform apparently were dis- mantled to construct a perimeter wall and other structures of a probable early historic residential compound directly on top of and surrounding the platform.The temple potentially is the large heiau in Pahoehoe re- ported Thrum(1908),which he was not able to relocate. J All forty-one sites are assessed as significant under Criteria"d".Site 6302,Kuakini Wall,has been previously determined by DLNR-SHPD to be also significant under Criteria"a","b","c" and"e". Two other are also assessed as significant under Criterion"c"as good site type examples. Two ceremonial sites have associations with traditional Hawaiian beliefs important to Hawaiian history and cultural identity and are additionally assessed as significant under Criterion"e". Three other sites are additionally assessed as culturally significant because probable pre-contact burials are present. The mapping,written descriptions,photography, and test excavations at fourteen sites adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended.Twenty-one sites are recommended for mitigation through data recovery. The plans for data recovery would be detailed in a Data Recovery Plan prepared for DLNR-SHPD review and approval.Two sites and portions of two other sites are recom- mended for preservation in accordance with a Site Preservation Plan. The specific plans for preservation and maintenance of the burial features at Sites 6348,6994,and 24541 would be detailed in a Burial Treat- ment Plan prepared for DLNR-SHPD and the Hawaii Island Burial Council(HIBC)review and approval. ii CONTENTS Introduction • 1 Scope of Work • 1 Project Area Description • 1 Field Methods • 3 Archaeological and Historical Background • 4 Historic Documentary Research - 4 Previous Archaeological Work • 11 Project Expectations • 15 Findings • 13 Conclusion • 129 Discussion • 129 Significance Assessments • 133 Recommended Treatments • 133 References • 135 APPENDIX A -Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops • 140 APPENDIX B -GPS Coordinates for Sites • 152 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Portion of USGS Kealakekua Quadrangle showing Project Area • 2 Figure 2. Ahupua'a Boundaries and Land Commission Awards • 5 Figure 3. Portion of Emerson's circa 1880s Map of Kailua • 9 Figure 4. Portion of 1928 Kailua Quadrangle showing Project Area • 10 Figure 5. Previous Archaeological Work • 1 Figure 6. Site Location Map(at end) Figure 7. Site 4591 Wall • 22 Figure 8. Site 6302 Wall • 22 Figure 9. Site 6348 Plan Map(showing portion of Site 6350) • 24 Figure 10. Site 6348, Feature A,South Face Profile of TU-1320-50 • 25 Figure 11. Site 6348, Feature B,North Face Profile of TU-1320-48 • 26 Figure 12. Site 6348, Feature D,North Face Profile of TU-1170-43 • 28 Figure 13. Site 6348, Feature E,Southwest Face Profile of TU-1320-49 • 29 Figure 14. Site 6348, Feature G,South Face Profile of TU-1320-51 • 30 Figure 15. Site 6348, Feature H, North Face Profile of TU-1170-44 • 31 iii ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.) Figure 16. Site 6349, East Face Profile of TU-1170-45 • 33 Figure 17. Site 6350 Trail • 35 Figure 18. Site 6350 Trail • 35 Figure 19. Plan Map of Sites 6349,6350,6351 and portion of Site 6348 • 36 Figure 20. Site 6351, Feature A,West Face Profile of TU-1320-110 • 38 Figure 21. Site 6352 Wall • 39 Figure 22. Site 6381 Wall • 39 Figure 23. Site 6394 Plan Map and TU-14 West Face Profile • 40 Figure 24.Site 6985 Plan Map and TU-25 South Face Profile • 42 Figure 25.Site 6988 Plan Map and Profiles of TU-10 and 11 • 44 Figure 26.Site 6989 Plan Map and TU-3 North-northwest Face Profile • 45 Figure 27.Site 6990,Feature A-E and G Plan Map and TU41 NNW Face Profile • 47 Figure 28.Site 6991, Feature A Plan Map • 50 Figure 29.Site 6991,Feature B Plan Map • 51 Figure 30.Site 6992 Plan Map and TU-46 East Face Profile • 54 Figure 31.Site 6993 Plan Map • 56 Figure 32.Site 6994 Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 30,32 and 33 • 57 Figure 33.Site 9850 Plan Map and TU-7 South Face Profile • 66 Figure 34.Site 24272, Feature 534 Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 11 and 16 • 64 Figure 35.Site 24379 534 Plan Map and TU-13 North Face Profile • 65 Figure 36.Site 24380, Feature A Wall - 67 Figure 37.Site 24380,Feature B Enclosure Wall • 67 Figure 38.Site 24534 Plan Map and TU-18 East Face Profile • 69 Figure 39.Site 24535 Plan Map and TU-15 West Face Profile • 70 Figure 40.Site 24536 Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 19 and 20 • 72 Figure 41.Site 24537 Plan Map and TU-27 North Face Profile • 74 Figure 42.Site 24538 Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 4,5 and 6 • 75 Figure 43.Site 24539 Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 1 and 50 • 77 Figure 44.Site 24540 Plan Map and TU-9 Southeast Face Profile • 79 Figure 45.Site 24541 Plan Map and TU-35 North Face Profile • 81 Figure 46.Site 24542 Plan Map and TU-34 East Face Profile • 82 Figure 47.Site 24543 Plan Map and TU-48 West Face Profile • 84 Figure 48.Site 24544 Plan Map and TU-45 East Face Profile • 86 Figure 49.Site 24545 Plan Map and TU-31 East Face Profile • 87 iv ILLUSTRATIONS (cont.) Figure 50.Site 24547 Plan Map and TU-29 North Face Profile • 89 Figure 51.Site 24548 Plan Map • 91 Figure 52.Site 24550,Features IW and IX Plan Map and TU-53 Southwest Face Profile • 93 Figure 53.Site 24550,Features RX, RY and RZ Plan Map and TU-51 SE Face Profile • 95 Figure 54.Site 24550,Features AGB and AGC Plan Map and TU-47 SE Face Profile • 96 Figure 55.Site 24550,Features YM-YQ Plan Map and TU-14 West Face Profile • 97 Figure 56.Site 24550,Feature ZP Plan Map and TU-44 Northeast Face Profile • 98 Figure 57.Site 24550, Features PW and PX Plan Map and TU-52 North Face Profile • 101 Figure 58.Site 24550, Feature ST-2 Plan Map and TU-12 West Face Profile • 103 Figure 59.Site 24550, Features YX and YY Plan Map and TU-28 NE Face Profile • 104 Figure 60.Site 24550, Feature YZ Plan Map and TU-13 North Face Profile • 106 Figure 61.Site 24550,Features AGD,AGE and AEF Plan and Profiles of TUs 36,38 and 42. 107 Figure 62.Site 24550,Features AGH and AGI Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 37, 39 and 40 - 108 Figure 63.Site 24550,Feature GL Plan Map and TU-24 South Face Profile • 110 Figure 64.Site 24550,Feature AJ Plan Map and TU-16 West Face Profile • 112 Figure 65.Site 24550,Feature UJ Plan Map and TU-2 North Face Profile • 113 Figure 66.Site 24550,Feature ADK Plan Map and TU-43 North Face Profile • 11.5 Figure 67.Site 24550,Features CU and CV Plan Map and TU-55 East Face Profile • 116 Figure 68.Site 24550,Feature SU Plan Map and TU-54 North Face Profile • 118 Figure 69.Site 24550,Feature XH Plan Map and TU-8 East Face Profile • 119 Figure 70.Site 24550,Feature CT Plan Map and TU-21 North Face Profile • 121 Figure 71.Site 24550,Feature DX Plan Map and TU-23 West Face Profile • 122 Figure 72.Site 24550,Feature GC Plan Map and TU-26 North Face Profile • 124 Figure 73.Site 24550,Feature YC Plan Map and TU-49 East Face Profile • 125 Figure 74.Site 24550,Feature H Plan Map and TU-17 East Face Profile • 126 Figure 75.Site 24550,Features CN-CQ Plan Map and TU-22 North Face Profile • 128 Figure 76. Distribution of Habitation Sites • 130 TABLES Table 1. Land Commission Awards Claims in Pahoehoe • 7 Table 2. Summary of Previous Archaeological Work • 13 Table 3. Summary of Identified Sites • 17 Table 4. Summary of Subsurface Testing • 20 Table 5. Summary of Site 24272 Agricultural Features • 63 Table 6. Summary of Site 24550 Agricultural Terraces • 100 v TABLES (cont.) Table 7. Density of Agricultural Features • 129 Table 8. Summary of Permanent Habitation Sites • 131 Table 9. Site Significance and Recommended Treatment • 134 vi INTRODUCTION At the request of Mr. Bill Brooks on behalf of D-Bar Ranch LLC,Haun&Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey of TMK: (3)7-7-08: 21,23 & 120, a c. 42-acre parcel located in the Land of Pahoehoe 2, North Kona District, Island (Figure 1). The objective of the survey was to satisfy historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Re- sources-Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-HPD), as contained within Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 13,DLNR;Subtitle 13,State Historic Preservation Rules(2003). The survey fieldwork was conducted between March 7,and June 8, 2005 under the direction of Dr.Alan Haun.Approximately 60.person days of labor were required to complete the field work portion of the project.Described in this final report are the project scope of work,field methods,background informa- tion,survey findings,and significance assessments of the sites with recommended further treatments. Scope of Work Based on DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys,the following specific tasks were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the project: 1. Conduct background review and research of existing archaeological and historical docu- mentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity--including ex- amination of Land Commission Awards,ahupua'a records,historic maps,archival mate- rials,archaeological reports,and other historical sources; 0 2. Conduct a high intensity, 100%pedestrian survey coverage of the project area; 3. Conduct detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scaled plan draw- ings,written descriptions,and photographs,as appropriate; 4. Conduct subsurface testing (manual excavation) at selected sites as necessary to deter- mine site function; 5. Analyze background research and field data;and 6. Prepare and submit Final Report. Project Area Description The project area consists of a roughly rectangular-shaped c.42-acre parcel located in the Land of Pahoehoe 2,North Kona District,Island of Hawaii.The parcel is bordered by stone walls along the north, east,and south sides;and wire fences and undeveloped land to the west.The Kuakini Highway parallels the inland project area boundary and Alii Drive abuts the western boundary.The proposed Ali`i Highway Cor- ridor bisects the project area in a north-south direction between c.70 ft 118 ft elevation. The project area ranges in elevation from c. 10 to 480 feet with rainfall averaging 30 to 40 inches(Juvik and Juvik 1998). The mean annual temperature varies from 70 to 75 degrees(Armstrong 1983). Portions of the project area have been mechanically altered.The seaward end of the parcel consists of a paved access road that extends east from Alii Drive.The area inland of this pavement has been me- chanically leveled and covered with gravel. This gravel area is 75.0 m long (east-northeast by west- southwest)and 28.0 m wide.A third disturbed area is located inland of the Alii Highway Corridor between 100 ft and 130 ft elevation. This area consists of a 10.0 to 25.0 m wide bulldozer swatch that extends through the project area in north-south direction. 1 1 .— 188000 - 189000 • • i 0 . 1 , 2437 �' �` • - Prolaz Am 63: ) a a•'r ••• 540 243... %" 24534 .591 a •ti 24545 24 4543 6381 6350 ` %� 63 024536 24535•,} a• -r' . : 24548 245. ' .5 2453.C : _ a 7 :1 �� Q'a 5 i 6989=... ••-6988 6u 243804 '� 4379 j .991 63 t4.. '9850 j 21537 69b1 '� 2 a \ 27272 ,t 6 4 14346-. 4�4 245 24 6,4 634'J� - �� a 6352• • 6302 A4¢edtvnl CeNva efab 74700*luck are , _I' ._i. —.IL' _ 5.'.taasa.30 •wa,,,,,, and l eed aa.mme4 a mi,pitual ma t t.i 11, a •a.... -•a*'..,;.a-3 a ��e•i m s �,o) S m B 9 a 5: - 0 500m .i • I - ( 1 awi a a a: ra •{{{}..f.:. tibial ,WAIMEA •y`•.••• ay • r"-_ ` r pole • .) �' • PA/1115 • n MEaI.WEPL. P 04 4 ii: : i\:. 5 Locmooa Va1ALA • 4 1111.I• •l Eu 5 • 1 4 •.•_..--- •1 •'.., 1 wa Figure 1.Portion of USGS Kealakekua Quadrange showing Project Area and Site Locations A seasonal drainage extends through the inland portion of the parcel.The eastern end of this drainage consists of a 5-10 in wide gully that enters the parcel at c.470 ft elevation and extends downslope to the west- southwest to c.320 ft elevation.The drainage opens onto a broad sloping plain that extends across the southern half of the parcel,extending downslope to c.265 ft elevation. The vegetation throughout the parcel consists predominately of Opiurna(Pithecellobium duke Roxb.) Benth),kiawe(Prosopis pallida)and koa haole(Leucaena glauca)with grasses and scattered lantana(Lantana camara)and panni cactus(Opuntia megcantha Salm-Dyck).The terrain with the parcel slopes gently to moder- ately to the west and the surface comprised of soil and exposed pahoehoe outcrops. The soil within the parcel consists of Punalu'u extremely rocky peat(6-20%slopes). The Punalu'u extremely rocky peat represents the Punalu'u series of well-drained,thin organic soils(c.4"thick)over bedrock(Sato ct al.(1973:48). The underly- ing bedrock in this area consists of lava from Hualalai Volcano deposited more than 10,000 years ago(Wolfe and Morris 2001). Field Methods The project area was subjected a 100%surface examination with surveyors spaced at 10 m intervals. Ground surface visibility was good to excellent due to the presence of grazing cattle.The survey transects were oriented in a north-south direction,extending across the short axis of the parcel.The numerous identified agricul- tural features were subjected to limited recording.This consisted of recording length,width,height,and shape. Photographs were taken of representative feature types. The non-agricultural sites were subjected to detailed recording including preparing scaled plan maps, completing standardized site/feature forms, and photographic documentation.A metal site tag was placed at each site and the tag's location was plotted on the site plan map. The location of all sites and features was determined by using a Garmin Global Positioning System(GPS)III+ using the World Geodetic Survey(WGS) 1984 datum.The accuracy of the GPS device for a single point is+/- 15 m.This accuracy is increased to less than c. 3-5 meters by taking multiple points including property corners and overlying the plotted points on a scaled map using AutoCAD software. The project area contains a number of sites that had been previously identified during prior archaeo- logical investigations within the parcel.To maintain consistency,the constituent features of these sites as defined by the previous studies were retained during the present project.Two newly identified sites in the seaward por- tion of the parcel(Sites 24545 and 24547)are situated 10-12 in from previously identified sites.These sites were assigned separate SIHP site numbers to avoid confusion with the sites defined by the prior studies.The remain- ing newly identified sites within the parcel all contain features situated less than 15.0 m apart.Features located more than 15.0 m apart were assigned separate site designations.Exceptions to the 15 m distance threshold con- sist of wall and trail segments that are separated by gaps larger than 15 in,but are obviously part of the same site based on location and orientation.Sites such as ranch walls that are clearly historic in age were given separate site designations regardless of the site's proximity to nearby features. Subsurface testing during the project consisted of the excavation of 55 test units undertaken at 54 fea- tures.A total of 58.9 sq m of test unit excavations were undertaken during the project.The excavation units were excavated at eight permanent habitation enclosures,seven permanent habitation platforms,three permanent habi- tation terraces,one permanent habitation U-shape,one permanent habitation walled terrace,one permanent habi- tation mound,two temporary ryhabitation U-shapes,one temporary ryhabitation C-shape,one temporary habitation terrace,eight agricultural terraces,five agricultural faced mounds,four agricultural filled cracks,four agricultural platforms,three agricultural pavements,two agricultural enclosures,two agricultural modified outcrops and two agricultural mounds. Additionally,human remains were identified in two of the permanent habitation structures (Site 6994,Feature A and 24541). The test units were excavated in arbitrary levels within stratigraphic layers and were terminated either on bedrock or upon identification of human remains. Standardized excavation records were prepared after the completion of each stratigraphic layer.The fill removed during excavation was screened through''V."mesh.Fol- lowing the excavations,a section drawing depicting the stratigraphy was prepared,post-excavation photographs were taken,and the units were backfilled.Upon identification of the human remains in the two units,the remains were mapped and recorded and the units were reburied and the surface structures were carefully reconstructed. 'Recovered cultural remains were transported to Haun&Associates'office for analysis. 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Historical Documentary Research The project area is located within the ahupua'a of Pahoehoe (Figure 2). This Kona ahupua'a was named for the chiefess Pahoehce wahine-iki-a-ka-lani (Pukui and Elbert 1986:174).Kepa Maly translated por- tions of Ka'ao Ho'oniva Pu'uwai No Ka-Miki(The Heart Stirring Story of Ka-Miki)a legendary account of two supernatural brothers,Ka-Miki and Maka—'idle),who traveled around the island of Hawaii (Maly 1996).The account was published in serial form between 1914 and 1917 in a Hawaiian newspaper,Ka Hoku o Hawai'L According to Maly,the account was recorded by Hawaiian historians John Wise and J.W.I.Kihe.One portion of the account specifically mentions Pahoehoe: ...Kaumalumalu was named for the chief Kaumalumalu,who was the -ali'I 'ai ahupua'a,me na paukr7'aina o Pahoehoe, La'aloa, a me Kapala alaea—chief who controlled the ahupua'a, the land parcels, and combined subdivision ('okana) of Pahoehoe, La'aloa, and Ka- pala'alaea...(1996:A-5). Hawai'i was first unified under the rule of`Umi-a-Liloa and Kona was selected as a dwelling place of chiefs (Kamakau 1961). The area lies within the realm of the traditional Hawaiian political authority that was centered in the Kailua-Keauhou area from at least the 15th century to the reign of Kamehameha I.The Hawaiian historian John Papa I`i's grandfather lived at Pahoehoe before his death in 1813.According to I'I,"Papa's health had become much worse after the king and chiefs had left for Kahaluu.His friends and the boy's father had gath- ered at Pahoehoe in Kaumalumalu,near Kailua to be with him"(l'i 1959:115).Hommon(1980)interprets this reference as an indication that Pahoehoe may have once been an 'iii of Kaumalumalu. The missionary, William Ellis (1963) described a visit to Pahoehoe in 1823 and described a canoe house: We walked on to Pahoehoe,where we entered a large house,in which many workmen were em- ployed making canoes.About fifty people soon after assembled around us...we took our leave, and proceeded along the shore to Kahaluu(Ellis 1963:75). Boundary Commission testimony given in 1873 for Kaumalumalu, which borders Pahoehoe 1 to the north,describe the ahupua'a boundaries and other details concerning land use and geography(Volume 1-a:324, cited in Rosendahl 1999). The informants were usually elderly and most of their recollections date to the early 1800s. The testimony indicates that the mountain slopes were a source for sandalwood and `uwa`u,the dark rumped petrel. One informant,Karnakahoohia,described the boundary between Kaumalumalu and Pahoehoe 1 as follows: Pahoehoe 1st is on the south side,the boundary at the shore between these two lands is Ma- nawaea,a water hole on the north side of the landing,thence mauka to Puuola,a hill where you can find water during the rainy season,thence mauka along the iwi gins(an ahupua'a land divi- sion wall)to an ahu pohaku(a stone cairn)at the mauka government road.Thence mauka along the iwi Hina to Kemau in the ferns,thence to Kue,a pall in the woods where canoe makers used to worship.Here the boundary strikes the Judd road;the water hole called Waiaeae is on the land of Pahoehoe,thence mauka along the road to Ohiki,an ahua(small hill),here you descend into a hollow in going up mauka to the corner of Pahoehoe 1st,where the land of Kaumalumalu turns towards Kau,to Waialiipoa cutting off Pahoehoe 1st and Laaloa 1st and Laaloa 2nd joins Kaha- luu at this water hole(Volume 1-a:324,cited in Rosendahl 1999). Schilt(1984)summarizes Kailua's early historic period.In the late 1700s to early 1800s,Kamehameha monopolized foreign commerce including the provisioning of trading and whaling ships and beginning in 1811 the sandalwood trade.The first missionaries arrived in Kailua in 1820,but only stayed a few months.They re- turned in 1823 and were given land to establish missions and by 1825 schools.The gradual shift from subsistence fanning to a market economy began with the introduction of coffee,corn,pumpkins,cotton,pineapple,and Irish potatoes in the 1820s to 1840s.Introduced early historic crops cultivated in the vicinity of Kailua below 500 ft elevation included melons,cabbage,onions,oranges,and tobacco.The introduction of cattle ranching and 4 2 .eil' 2 1800 •• ' 1600 '%' „,•-,o, �..;;;I'',.."i ; Coatoat Interval=200 ft Ahupua'e Boundary 1400 4705:1 „� /' . .• 2200 -- -'3436-B:',.' 1200 3436-C:1 ' .,-."- ' • 1000 0 stun " ,•' , -3435-B 1 , ,!- " 434;B $ ,,,r" , -� ,"�- ...4,/,,, 9a 3• 800 ,' �. '-10654 600 ' i i i„r -.' Lai 4 ,SOI ,..., ,.• //40\ 200 .‘,t ,/ i 4-; \ .0.0...„'' /./ �' Hawaii Belt Road 4.1' 1 /y .'.1 . A.,'"1 4'O�1 J ` -�' 40 Project Area 4,,%COQ 9,f/ tb:,, , -. I ' 4t.izzilyp,,-/-„, 3436.C:2� ' pl, ��3f 1.--;/-e'N 1 Kualani Highway A- j, ) B›4`" V` 1 10986:2 '�:' ' 5769:2 - 4705 0 600ft `0 7200 t60 d 200 400 600m Alii Drive 1 Figure 2. Ahupua`a Boundaries and Land Commission Awards commercial coffee production in the mid-1800s caused further change to the traditional agricultural system. The Kuakini Wall(Site 6302),which was built to control the movement of livestock,extends through the project area at c.85 to 100 ft elevation.The wall's construction began in the early 1800s.Its completion in the mid-1850s is attributed to Governor Knakini. During the Great Mahele,Pahoehoe 2,which includes the project area,was given to Gini Labiahi (Jane Young)daughter of John Young(Keoni Ana).Lahiahi's Land Commission Award(LCA)8520B and subsequent awarded luleana claims in Pahoehoe are listed in Table 1. The locations of all except three awarded parcels are shown in Figure 2. LCAs 8220, 8225,and 9734 were awarded,but do not appear on current tax maps. The Waihona `Aina (2000)Mahele Database; which is a compilation of data from the Indices of Awards(Indices 1929),Native Register(NR n.d.),Native Testimony(NT n.d.),Foreign Register (FR n.d) and Foreign Testimony(FT n.d.); lists 33 LCA claims for lands in Pahoehoe. Twenty parcels were awarded to fourteen claimants.The awarded kuleana parcels range from 1.7 to 4.9 acres in area with an average of 2.61 acres The awarded parcels are concentrated in two areas.One cluster of four awarded parcels is situated at the coast. The other cluster of eight parcels is situated between 1,300 ft and 1,700 ft elevation. Seven claims included house lots with at least 17 houses. Enclosing walls are described for five house lots.The testimonies refer to 140 cultivated sections or kihapai. References to specific crops include 21 taro mala/ldhapai, 14 potato plots,a coffee patch,seven taro and potato plots,and single plots of noni,banana. and lauhala. , Emerson's 1880s map of Kailua(Figure 3)shows the seaward boundary of the inland forest is at approximately 800 ft elevation in Pahoehoe.Pahoehoe 1 includes two grants: Grant 1857 to Paakea(102 ac)and Grant 2033 to Haleluhi(35 ac).Pahoehoe 3-4 is intricately divided into a series of long thin grants. Grants in Pahoehoe 3 consist of Grant 1751 to Kahanele(11.75)and Grants 1927 and 1749 to Kipapa.Pa- hoehoe 4 is divided into Grant 1748 to Kapahu(21 ac), Grant 1869 to Kekamakahi(26.5 ac), and Grant 2034 at the coast(3.75 ac). Commercial sugar cane cultivation in the Kailua area was attempted in the late 1800s and early 1900s,but was abandoned by the mid-1920s(Kelly 1983).Cattle ranching and coffee cultivation continued during the late 1800s and 1900s.Maly(1998)conducted oral historical interviews with J. Curtis Tyler III and his father. Their family is descended from the Kipapa family that received Grants 1927 and 1749 in Pahoehoe 3. According to J. Curtis Tyler III,Grant 1927 extended from the ocean to the Pa Kuakini(Ku- akini Wall, Site 6302)and contains many iwi(burials; Maly 1998:402). He also knew of a mauka-makai (inland-seaward)foot trail used by Kipapa to go between his upland gardens and his coastal residence and fishing grounds. A 1928 USGS quadrangle map(Figure 4)shows the Judd Trail extending along the boundary be- tween Pahoehoe 1 and Kaumaimnalu. Another trail appears to follow the boundary between Pahoehoe and Laaloa to the south A series of structures,probably dwellings,border the inland Mamalahoa Highway. A railroad line traverses Kanmalumalu inland of K akini Highway. Construction of the railroad began in 1901 by the West Hawai'i Railway Company (Conde and Best 1973). The railroad was constructed to transport sugar cane to the Kailua Sugar Company Mill situated in Waiaha.By the 1970s,the rapidly de- veloping tourism industry began to transform the region's land use from ranching and commercial agricul- tum, except coffee production, to subdivisions, resorts, and commercial establishments. The project area continues to be used for cattle grazing up to the present • 6 • • • Table 1.Land Commission Awards in Pahoehoe LCA Claimant APena 47r,4'.1 Section Boundary Boundary Boundary Oats Give Acnapo Re al Sources claimed Ahupuaa III No. Lend Use Mauka Boundary Kau Mahal Kabala Redd Patant 3433-B Kahoeiwle 4 1 Pahoehoo4 Kapio - 4.80 7018 NT598v4 - 7 cultivated konohed konohAd konohlkl Kanohikl Nhapais cultivated 2 4Hha keneh4d konehlkl korwa151 kor�iki • 33 klha i kanohdd kanohlkl konohlki knrohlkl 4 NiC konohid konehlkl konehikl kcnohikl 1844 Koanaoha 10 Ma10 3434-B Kahaoi 1 1 Pahoehoe 1 IUD Fetches•HBe konohiki konohiki konohiki konohiq KKan ii Alapai 1.70 4215 FT path,potato land 3435-4 Kapaho 3 1 Pahoohoe3 Kamuku Kam 11 Mooyw 7.00 4218 NT 807v4 tlmos 1 BWltiv i konahld Pahootoo 4 konohiki Moopuu 2 8 alevatod ko:whlkl Pehoohoo 4 konahlkl Moopuu l4Tapala oa Pu 3 8 cultivated k0ne115d Pahoehoe 4 konohiki Moopuu kihepea 3436-B Kooks 3 1 Pahoehoe 3 Kaohal Kam 1I tlmes Moopuu 2.10 4217 NT 800v4 1 BgculSvated konohiki Pahoehoa4 konohiki Moopuu 71wlavamd hapoks 2 kihapeb konohlW Kapahu konohlid Moopuu v ated 3 8�0 konohiki Kapehu konohiki Moop house lit Kam l 343SC Paola 4 2 Pahoehoe1 Manawaee enclosed,3 K2mpatents 2.20 4133 NT 807v4 hone,* 1 idh.5,5 5konohlkl Pau kanohlld Kaumalumelu ePak 2 N!0 konohlkl Pau konohlkl Koumalumelu • 3 1 cultivated konohlld Pau konohild Kaumelumalu land:action 4 KID Idle land Pau Own lend Kola 4705 Moopuu 4 2 Pahoehee3 Kamani Kama K4544i 3.38 4221 NR 388v8, limos NT 610v4 1 Nit kanohlki Koeke konohlki Noviu 1 1 so tlon� kanohlkl Kauko konoh8d Nov& 3• 3cuMNmad konohlld Kaake konohlki konohild kihapas house lot, 4 enclosed,4 idle kind Idle land port road Idle land houses 5759 Kapule 9 2 Pahoelwe2 Haklono � oa Kanaoha 2.03 4216 Ni 599v4 cultivated 1 3b _ konohiki konohiki kanahikl 190411 i /mutes 2 5 oultivatod . 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'fin' ' �1 �.•L' '% �r i �''it�,+' \r r/� :,�j(Y- oo �”`i:` \ rr _3-;'K.j7,^ '; ter'^•• .. ~- `r__'_r-__'._.�..r`.•'+•':^ z„,!:•:...� •/";-:*-- r. CA ..,..--,-.=,;*; ...F.,r' r,' ' . " ".ns• ,y,.,...,,a1 '.�-.S•` -tel. - ..i�::._,.' . t___„.' 1 1 •1's~- 0 :✓- _/-1 • ! or---.--.4%-. s.: L.. :"�� . �J�" . — ��^- •••''r..,_r•: . 1,. w. :1-41- ._.-•; -'i - !�, w+.t. i,.. 'I •__-..� _ ✓, • m.•., .. _`.Mr. i=0, ice.- • _ 1 ,•`: r.�•J� + r• x ;�"� � r e~r tet' ~_ / _ .1:::•-•1/4",'"-• / %. • 7.-4..-;2•1 .-'--' .- _ -• r '70..---7-=-0.7.-:'..-...:.4111410440.-• .-i.,„...'. .'--./ :.✓+.._ -cam. +- VP1114111- "7-----7'--.0:-C / • 1•••••!...1.-'..." ---.-' 'f''__ '. f f �-'i - 1.0.C-----..,_:...-Y -‘,..,-,..;.;-''-'-_,...,_•:.'•-;°- _ ,,rte --..._,--__---------7___:::,....4.--.7--::-:]...:-.".• / 7),:::::: ((gy(pp ,'q' �1+h'r ^'r •i Previous Archaeological Research Seven previous archeological studies have included portions of the project area. Ching et al. (1973)conducted a survey of the proposed Alii Highway corridor,identifying eight sites. Barrcra(1980) surveyed the entire project area relocating these eight sites and identifying 12 new sites. Hommon and Rosendahl(1983)conducted a survey of two proposed alignments of the Alii Highway corridor relocating six sites and identifying one new site. Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)undertook a second survey of the entire project area.This survey relocated all previously identified sites and documented 23 new sites. Sub- sequent Alii Highway corridor work was undertaken by Dunn and Rosendahl (1992) and Haun et al. (1998). Dunn and Rosendahl conducted test excavations at three sites. Haun et al. (1998) relocated the original Ching et al.(1973)sites and conducted test excavations at two of the sites.Clark et al.(2005)con- ducted an inventory survey of a proposed extension of Laaloa Street that extended across the project area between c.260 ft and 330 ft elevation.This survey identified four sites within the project area consisting of two previously identified sites and two new sites.The locations of these prior studies are shown on Figure 5 and the study results are discussed in more detail below and in the"Findings"section of this report. At least twenty-seven archaeological survey and excavation projects have been conducted in Pa- hoehoe. Figure 5 shows the locations of the projects and Table 2 summarizes the projects.Not included in the figure are the general studies by Thrum(1908)and Stokes(1991), which focused on major sites,pri- marily heiau,throughout Hawaii Island, and the West Hawaii survey by Reineke(1930). Stokes did not identify any sites in Pahoehoe, although he did report heiau in the adjacent ahupua'a of La'aloa. Thrum (1908)reported a large heiau in Pahoehoe,which he was not able to relocate. Reineke's(1930: 53, 61)coastal survey identified several sites along the coast of Pahoehoe. Site 18 consisted of four modem house sites. Site 19 included a U-shaped enclosure interpreted as a small heiau, two modern house sites,a well,and an old house site. Site 20 consisted of two modem house sites and pens. Site A was a well and heiau on a Pahoehoe beach called Umukahi reported to Reineke by an in- formant. The projects in Table 2 cover 438 acres of Pahoehoe identifying 187 sites with 1,764 features. Sites and features identified in other ahupua'a by the studies are not included in the table.To aid in recon- structing settlement patterns, features were quantified by probable age and function, and the studies are ordered by elevation.Traditional Hawaiian features were categorized as habitation,agricultural,burial(in- cluding possible burials), ritual, and trail. Features not assignable to these categories were categorized as miscellaneous/indeterminate.Traditional sites in this category include ahu and features with indeterminate functions. Habitation sites are further subdivided into temporary and permanent for studies making this distinction. Density values are given for sites, features, and habitation and agricultural features. The studies have identified 160 habitation features, 1,533 agricultural features,eleven burials,seven ritual features,and six trails.Historic features were not segregated by function.The majority of the historic features are ranch walls.Overall feature density values,excluding surveys of less than 10 acres,range from 0.4 to 22.87 fea- tures per acre with an average of 7.18.Habitation feature density for areas larger than 10 acres ranges from 0.01 to 1.21 features per acre with an average of 0.54. Agricultural feature density ranges from 0.21 to 21.40 features per acre with an average of 6.33. The project area lies within the kula zone of the Kona Field System, SIHP Site 6601 (Newman 1970,Kelly 1983,Scliilt 1984,Cordy 1995). This site extends north to Kau Ahupua'a,south to Honaunau, and from the coastline to the forested slopes of Hualalai. The area was intensively cultivated and served as the resource base for the large number of chiefs and retainers that occupied the Kailua-Keauhou coast.The characteristics and general locations of the elevation zones of the system described by Newman (1970) have been confirmed and elaborated on by subsequent ethnohistorical investigations(Kelly 1983).The sys- tem is subdivided into four elevation zones. 11 111 / 1200 m 800 Bate(1990,1992) Raseadahl(1974),Hammon(1982). 400gAV to /�Ayu M b.1.0 % re re Hammett(1980),Rasendhal(1999,2001) AIN Drive 200 / 40 J — 4A�_ II I �1 C18ilC Cl el.(2005) _ ' �'/ .— ` amu. --'�J er.al.(211• 0,:"n�� )� P9s5L /ii Aa0ea0a— _ _ N i, 1�� /000:/ �j% �'�'' , RaMne end He(®att(1991), Hae.det aL(1994) / /fir/ _ çarT1991) j /�� �- 1 1c t "_ i r 1 it'llI,I,t I t . — Cafinisetal.(I•• 11111c1111i Head tad RoseadLt) _ _ —_,-� / LAALOA I Hammafl (2000) / / / Hawaii Belt Road II / J1 / 0" II Kuakini Highway i Hea>maa(1979),Hansen and Clark(1980), Henry sad Wolrarth(1998) Ahupna•e Boundary Ching et al(1973),Hammon and Rosendhal(1983) Comma lalervel=200 fl Dime and Raeandehl(1991,1992),Haan et al(1998) Figure 5.Previous Archaeological Work • • Table 2.Summary of Previous Archaeological Work In Pahoehoe Study Elevation Area Total Shea/ Total Fees/ flab flab Perm Tamp. Ag Author Land Typo* (R AA.LSL) De) shoe acre fees acre Fees Feast Nab flab Aa Feat/ Bartel Ritual Trail Misted OBse. acre Feat pass Fens acre Fen Fen Foss Faas Head.Pua-Kalpo and Pahoohoa 1 IN 5-15 0.4 2 5.00 2 5.00 1 Z50 0.00 .Gaad(elow(1994) Head and Raaendahl (1996),Hammett et Pahaehue 2 IN/CR 10.25 0.37 3 8.11 3 8.11 1 2.70 0.00 2 al.(2000) Betters(1980), Roaendehl and Pahaehoe 2 RN 75-470 44 35 0.80 403 9.16 40 0.91 352 8.00 4 2 2 3 Roaendahl(1985). Current Pro)ect Area Roeendahl(1974), Nammatt(1980), Kaumalurnalu, RN8W 20.390 178 88 0.49 543 3 05 59 0.33 14 10 449 2.52 5 1 2 20 7 Homan(1882), Pahoehoe I DR/AS Roundish!(19996 - w 2001) • Ching et at.(1973), • Hammon and Roaannd dahl(1083). Puapua'a 1-2 IN/EX 58-122 40.2 12 0.30 130 3.23 16 0.40 16 103 2.56 I 3 2 4 1 Dunn aRoaendehl (1991/1992),Haan et el.(1998) Hamman(1979), Kepala'aiaea - - - Hammett and Clark 1e(Lealae 1st RN/EW 60-52 18 10 0.58 IS 0.83 1 0.56 1 6 0.33 g (1980),Henry and and 2nd, IN 2 Wo/forth(1998) Pa0aehoe 41h LeOnle,Carson end Pahoehoe 3 IN 115-250 14 11 0,79 15 1.07 5 0.3e 5 3 0.21 I Kennedy(1997) • Kehler et al(2004) Pahoehoa 1 IN 200-450 15 9 0.80 343 22.87 16 1.07 _ 321 21.40 1 1 4 Clark at al.(2005) Pahoehoe 1.2 IN 280-480 14 8 0.57 236 18.08 17 1.21 213 15.21 4 1 Robins and Hamelin (1991),Barren Pahoehoe IN 570-880 9.8 8 0.61 32 3 27 7 0.71 24 2.45 (1991) rnalue Barters(199011992) 1N/DR 700.1100 104 3 0.03 42 0.40 1 0.01 40 0.38 1 andKeuPamaluhoeho Total/Average 437.77 187 1.82 1764 6.71 164 0.63 31 15 1511 4.83 11 7 6 47 17 •-IN=Inventory Survey,RN-Reconnaissance.EX=Escavalion,AS=Assessment,DR=Oafs Recovery The kola zone extends from sea level to 500 ft elevation. Cordy(1995)has suggested that the up- per limit of this zone may be higher between 600-700 ft elevation.This lower elevation zone traditionally was used for habitation and cultivation of sweet potatoes,paper mulberry(wauke),and gourds. Agricultural features,including clearing mounds, planting mounds,planting depressions, modified outcrops,and plant- ing terraces, are common in this zone(Hammatt and Clark 1980; Hammatt and Folk 1980; Schilt 1984). Habitations are scattered throughout the kula,but they are concentrated along the shoreline portion of the zone(Cordy 1995).The shoreline portion,extending approximately 200 m inland,was the focus of perma- nent habitation and activities such as burial, canoe storage,ritual, and marine exploitation. Royal centers and chiefly residences were also situated near the shoreline. These complexes included residences for high status individuals and their supporters and attendants,heiau,places of refuge,holua slides,and other struc- tures. The kalu'ulu zone extends from 500 to 1000 ft elevation.The zone was used for cultivating sweet potatoes,paper mulberry,and especially breadfruit. Archaeologically,this zone is not distinguishable from the adjacent 'apa'a zone (Cordy 1995). The 'apa'a zone is situated between 1000 and 2500 ft elevation. This zone traditionally was used for dryland cultivation of taro,sugar cane,sweet potato,and ti.Permanent habitations were present in the 'apa'a zone,but were infrequent(Cordy 1995,Burtchard 1995). Dwellings were observed by early historic chroniclers,but most were probably for temporary use in conjunction with agriculture, bird hunting, and collecting of plant resources. Burials and ritual sites are rare in the upper elevation zones(Kawachi 1989). Kua'iwi are prominent agricultural features of the kalu'ulu and 'apa'a,zones(Cordy 1995;New- man 1970). These are broad, linear piles of rocks built from stones cleared from the adjacent slopes that also served as field boundaries.Kua'Awl are oriented inland-seaward often interconnected with perpendicu- lar,soil-retaining walls and terraces forming rectangular grid patterns of fields.Kua'Awl also served to con- trol rainfall runoff(Kirch 1985). These formal fields contrast with more informal garden areas character- ized by scattered agricultural features in very rocky areas, such as young lava flows,and much of the kula zone. The 'ama'u zone extends from 2500 ft to 4000 ft elevation.The zone was associated with banana and plantain cultivation. The archaeological traits of the zone have not been well defined, but temporary habitations were probably present associated with agriculture and exploitation of forest resources (Allen 1984). Thirteen radiocarbon dates are reported in the studies by Head et al. (1994),Head and Rosendahl (1996),Hamrnatt et al. (2000),Rosendahl(1999),and Haun et al. (1998)in Pahoehoe. Most of the age de- termination results produced multiple age ranges or long single age ranges between the 1600s and 1950. When all potential age ranges are examined two span the late A.D. 1200s,four span the A.D. 1300s, six span the A.D. 1400s, ten include the 1500s, thirteen span the 1600s, nine include the 1700s and the rest include the 1800s to mid-1900s. The results potentially indicate initial use of the area by the late 1200s, followed by a marked increase during the 16 and 17"centuries. Schilt(1984)used information gathered from the Kuakini Highway Realignment Corridor survey research to propose a five-phase chronology of settlement and field system development in the kula zone as follows: limited,sporadic use of lowland Phase I-Pioneer Settlement(c.A.D. 1050-1400)Very slopes and cave shelters just above the Kailua Bay area.Probably contemporaneous with pioneer settlements along the coast.Development of one or more of the mauka sub-zones of the Kona Field System may have commenced in the later portion of this phase. Phase II-Garden Developments(1400-1600/1650)Initial use of the kula sub-zone for small gardens and of the caves for temporary shelter.Erosional deposition,resulting from development of the upland sub-zones,began to bury an old ground surface and gradually created deepening soil deposits on kula land. 14 Phase Refuge,Habitation,and Intensive/Extensive Gardening(1600/1650-1779) Extensive development of at least the mauka portion of the kula subzone,for sweet pota- toes, wauke, and probably also gourds. This development was accompanied rarely by permanent habitation and more often by temporary and seasonal habitations among the kula gardens. Animal enclosures, probably for pigs,may date to this phase. The upland zones were under complete development by this time.Suitable caves were modified for refuge during times of warfare or social conflict. Caves located in the midst of garden features were intensively used for temporary shelter and work spaces. Phase IV - Historic Habitation and Gardening (1779-1850) The cultivation of ku/a lands gradually decreased in extent and intensity,nevertheless remaining important to a decreasing population.Permanent habitations on the kula during this phase occurred pri- marily on the makai side of the Great Wall of Kuakini.In 1848,Hawaiians were claiming an undetermined portion of ku/a lands,but none of these kula claims were honored by the Board of Land Commissioners(Kelly 1983). Some kula lands were being converted to grazing beginning in the 1840s. Phase V - Historic Ranching (1850-Modern Times) Land-use shifted completely to grazing, following the awards of kula lands to chiefs, missionaries, and others (Kelly 1983). Isolated permanent habitations on upland slopes of the kula were oriented to ranching. Today ranching is not as extensive as it once was. Kailua in recent years has been rapidly developing as a tourist and urban hub for leeward Hawaii Island (Schilt 1984:284). While subsequent work has generally confirmed Schilt's chronology, the data from Haun et al. (1998)and Dye and Komori(1992)indicate a peak in dating results in the 1400-1500s and a decline after the mid-1600s.This may indicate that the increase in habitation and agricultural activity in Schilt's Phase Ill may have begun as much as two centuries earlier. PROJECT EXPECTATIONS The project area is situated in the lower portion of the kula zone of the Kona Field Based on pre- vious archaeological research and historical documentary evidence, prehistoric use of the project area is potentially evidenced by scattered temporary habitation sites dating to as early as the late A.D. 1200s. Such sites should become more common between 1300 and 1400. Between 1400 and the mid-1600s, tem- porary habitation sites(caves, overhangs, simple walled shelters), trails, and agricultural features,such as terraces,modified outcrops,and mounds,are expected. Intensive agricultural use is expected from the 1500s until the early 1800s. A variety of agricul- tural features including those mentioned above and kua'iwi, garden enclosures, and animal pens may be present. Temporary habitations and permanent habitation sites, usually evidenced by complexes of enclo- sures,terraces, or platforms,are expected.Burial and religious sites are potentially present.Other potential site types include trails and refuge caves. Sites dating to the mid-to late 1800s would include the agricultural and habitation sites mentioned above, although in reduced numbers owing to population decrease. Differences in agricultural sites from the previous periods may be evident as a result of a shift to a market-based economy, which presumably would favor cultivated fields as opposed to small garden plots.Walls designed to control cattle and trails or roads for horse and wagon traffic also may be present. By the beginning of the 1900s,traditional agricultural and habitation sites should be rare.Potential sites include residences and transportation infrastructure such as roads.Ranching activity,which continues today, would be evidenced by walls,corrals,fences,and clearing piles of stone associated with pasture im- provement. 15 FINDINGS • The archaeological inventory survey identified 4lsites with 1,058 features(Figure 6 at end).The 41 sites consist of 23 that were previously identified and assigned SIHP site numbers, eight that were pre- viously identified,which were only assigned temporary site designations, and ten that were newly identi- fied during the inventory survey (Table 3).The sites consist of 21 single feature sites and 20 complexes of features that contain from two to 895 component features. The 1,058 identified features consist of 450 modified outcrops,447 mounds,71 terraces,26 enclosure, 17 platforms, 17 walls,6 faced mounds,4 filled cracks, 4 kua`iwi, 3 C-shapes, 3 lava blisters, 3 U-shapes, 2 L-shapes, 2 pavements and one each of the following, trough, trail and walled terrace. Functionally, features are interpreted as agricultural (n=990), permanent habitation (42), permanent habitation/burial (2), burial (1), livestock control (11), temporary habitation(5),ceremonial(4),ranching(1),transportation(1)and flood control(1). As stated in the Background section of this report,the project area has been subjected to prior ar- chaeological examination. Ching et al. (1973) identified eight sites (Sites 6302, 6347-6352 and 6381). Barrera(1980)surveyed the entire project area and relocated the Ching et al. (1973)sites and identified 12 new sites(Sites 6984-6986, 6988-6996).Hommon and Rosendahl(1983) relocated six Clung et al. (1973) sites(Sites 6348-6352 and 6381)and identified one new site,9850. Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)undertook a second survey of the entire project area.This survey relocated all previously identified sites and identified 23 new sites. These newly located sites were not as- signed SHIP site numbers,but were designated temporary sites T-1,T-3,T-5,T-6,T-8 through T-12,T-14 through T-23 and T-25 through T-28. Subsequent studies were undertaken by Dunn and Rosendahl(1992) and Haun et al. (1998). Dunn and Rosendahl conducted test excavations at Sites 6348, 6349 and 6351. Haun et al.(1998)relocated the original Ching et al. (1973),and Hommon and Rosendahl(1983)sites,and conducted test excavations at Sites 6348 and 6351. Clark et al. (2005)conducted an inventory survey of a proposed roadway documenting four sites within the present project area, consisting of two previously identified sites (6984 and 24380) and two newly located sites. The previously identified Site 24380 corresponded to Rosendahl and Rosendahl's (1985) Site T-19.The newly identified sites were comprised of Site 24379 and an agricultural complex of 213 features(24272),44 of which arc in Pahochoc 2. The current survey of the project area resulted in the relocation of the majority of the previously identified sites(see Table 3). Several of the sites previously identified within the parcel were not relocated during the study. These sites consist of a mound (Site 6986), a midden scatter(Site 6996), a complex of agricultural features (Site T-3), and an agricultural terrace (Site T-17). These sites were either destroyed prior to the inventory survey, or could not be positively identified because of deficiencies in the prior re- porting of the sites.In most cases,the prior study reports lacked site plan maps that would permit the previ- ously identified sites to be distinguished from the numerous surrounding agricultural features.The reported locations of these sites are presented in Figure 6 and the specific sites are discussed in detail below. Site 6986 was previously identified by Barrera(1980)as a mound reportedly located in the south- central portion of the project area at approximately 190 ft elevation. Barrera(1980:7-8) indicates that the mound measured 3.0 m in diameter and 1.1 m in height with no cultural remains present Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985:11)state that they relocated the mound but offer no additional information.No subsurface testing was undertaken at the site during either of the previous projects. A crude sketch map of this site with little information is presented in Barrera(1980). The area where the mound was reportedly located was carefully examined during the project. A total of 35 mounds and modified outcrops were located in a 50 m diameter area surrounding the reported location of the site.The mound Barrera identified in this area is indistinguishable from the other numerous agricultural features in the vicinity and none could be posi- tively correlated with Site 6986. Barrera(1980)interpreted the site to a possible burial feature,but no sub- surface testing was conducted and there is no indication that the mound was substantially constructed. 16 Table 3. Summary of Identified Sites Formal Type Function I 0. 2 Zo Rosendahl u >a ZS m © Is o c , .1° g o H 8 A '� 8 _ o E .E a i a s V. t j a B °u n c c 8 8 and Area No,of O u o E v m a E 3+ r x x o m State# Temporary Type Function 9 o _ Rosendahl (sq m) Features m 0 u 6 -0 L n `_ _ ` E ' �' (1880)No. Field Number t w a $ Y 3 a ¢ `wti e v m $ u 3 12 A° E 4 up- a E r a_ a 4591 1 138.0' Wall Livestock control 1 1 1 6302 309 10.0' Wall Livestock control 1 1 1 6348 357,360,368, 2193.2 Complex Ceremonial/Burial/ 18 6 8 2 1 2 _ 15 1 2 1 369,391,394, Temporary Habitation/ _ , 6349 406/407 106.3 Terrace Agriculture 1 1 1 6350 T-23,T-28 57,235, 358, 723.0' Trail Transportation 1 1 1 486,486,520 . , , 346,349,350, 6351 351,354,355, 1427.3 Complex Agriculture 18 5 12 1 18 356 .-a 6352 2 958.0' Wail Livestock control 1 1 1 6381 14 1348.0' Wall Livestock control 1 1 1 6984 T-20 111 423.1 Complex Permanent Habitation 4 2 2 4 6985 182 15.3 Enclosure Temporary Habltalton 1 1 1 6988 325 166.0 Complex Permanent Habitation 2 1 1 2 6989 226,229f,259c 84.5 Complex Agriculture 3 1 1 1 3 6990 396,398,403 468.5 Complex Permanent Habitation 4 1 2 1 4 6991 538,539,540 1846.6 Complex Ceremonial 2 2 2 6992 507,509c 387.2 Complex Permanent Habitation 7 1 2 3 1 7 6993 547 32.5 L-shape Agriculture 1 1 1 6994 556,559,562, 527.0 Complex Permanent 5 1 3 1 4 1 564 Habitation/Burial 6995 551 6.6 Terrace Agriculture 1 1 1 6996 Destroyed - Midden Habitation 0 9850 298,300,318. 1097.5 Complex Permanent 13 2 6 4 1 12 1 - 319 Habitation/Agriculture , 24272 - 3565.4 Complex Agriculture 44 33 10 1 44 24379 104 41.0 Platform Flood control 1 1 1 — 24380 T-19 109/117 1690.3 Complex Livestock control 2 1 1 2 24533 10 88.1 Enclosure Livestock control 1 1 1 Table 3. Summary of Identified Sites (cont.) Formal Type Function To -c 0 c a] 0 2 m o Q e Y u m '2 c w o .5 Rosendahl v o g € _ 'o " 5 g a a m e _ g 5 m . $ A .o A c r c and H 8 A Area No,of O S o D o �, E 9 a a L a 8 g ..- 2 —I a E '� .-F-, 8 State# Temporary Type Function Features 8 ° 5 q 3 v o v ° c c g Rosendahl (sq m} C m Y w ° r ; F r- m rn c = y1° L° o m c o (1980)No. Field Number v W n 8 i� V . 2 ¢ m m U C ti € 2 3 a E t- a x- 24534 18 33.7 wall Perrnanont Habitation 1 _ 1 1 terrace _ 24535 T-22 4 43.8 Terrace Permanent Habitation 1 1 1 24536 55,59 88.4 Complex Permanent Habitation 2 1 1 2 24537 T-18 191 38.2 U-shape Temporary Habitation 1 1 1 24538 327 210.5 Complex Permanent Habitation 3 2 1 3 24539 268,324 191.2 Complex Permanent Habitation 4 2 1 1 4 4 24540 312 103.3 Complex Permanent Habitation 2 4 1 1 2 24541 473 40.7 Complex Permanent 2 2 1 1 Hebltation/Burial . oc 24542 478,527 171.2 Complex Permanent Habitation 4 2 4 1 1 2 24543 T-5 444 71.9 U-shape Temporary Habitation 1 4 1 1 24544 T-6 501,502 186.7 Complex Permanent Habitation 2 2 4 4 2 24545 542 5.0 Terrace Temporary Habitation 1 1 1 24546 1-8 544,574 569, 194.0' Complex Livestock control 4 4 4 24547 575 31,2 Platform Pormanont Habitation 1 1 1 . 24548 T-10 574 113.2 Terrace Permanent Habitation 1 1 1 24549 T-9 579 2.9 Trough Ranching 1 1 1 24550 T-21 Numerous 140375.0 Complex Agriculture 895 409 418 38 5 5 5 5 4 4 2 895 Total 1058 460 447 71 26 17 17 6 4 4 ‘ 3 3 ' 3 2 2 1 1 1 990 42 2 11 6 4 1 1 1 1 •=linear meters Site 6996 was a midden scatter located in the seaward portion of the parcel between c. 10 ft and 20 ft elevation. This site was initially identified by Barrera(1980) and was relocated by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).It was described as a midden deposit located immediately inland of Alii Drive,measur- ing 90.0 m long by 45.0 m wide,extending outside the parcel to the north and south.The scatter was com- prised of coral and Thaididae sp. and Cypraea sp. shells.The area where Site 6996 was located has been altered since Rosendahl and Rosendahl's(1985) survey. The area has been mechanically scraped to bed- rock and covered with gravel. Although currently abandoned,the area apparently once served as a parking area.No cultural remains were noted in this area during the inventory survey. Site T-3 is a complex of 30 features that were located in a 100.0 m long by 50.0 m wide area,sea- ward of the Site 6320 Kuakini wall This site was previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985) although little information concerning the site is presented and no site map is included in the report. The site is reported to contain ten modified outcrops,ten mounds, eight terraces and two walls. Several of the mounds were interpreted as possible burial features although no subsurface testing was undertaken. The area where the site was reported located was carefully and systematically examined during the inventory survey. Twenty-seven mounds and modified outcrops and one wall were identified(see Figure 6).The Site T-3 area extends into the adjacent Ali`i Highway corridor and it is likely that additional agri- cultural features are present in this area. The extent of the site as depicted by Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985)includes portions of Site 6348 and 6990 and the possible burial features may correspond to compo- nents of these sites.As no site map of Site T-3 is available,it was not possible to definitively correlate the features of the site with those identified during the present study. Site T-17 was reportedly a terrace located in the inland portion of the project area at c. 205 ft ele- vation.The site was identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)and described as a 5.2 m diameter by 0.85 m high terrace built on an outcrop. No other information concerning the site is presented and no site map is included in the report Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985:30) interpreted the terrace as a habitation feature despite the fact that no cultural remains were present and no subsurface testing was undertaken. The area where the site was reportedly located was carefully examined and no feature matching the description of Site T-17 was found.This area contains 20 mounds and modified outcrops(see Figure 6) and it is possible that one of them may represent Site T-17. Subsurface testing has been undertaken in 65 locations within the project area.The testing consists of three units excavated by Dunn and Rosendahl (1992), five units excavated by Hain et al. (1998), four units excavated by Clark et al. (1995)and 55 units excavated during the present study(Table 4).These test units comprise of total of 71.88 sq m of excavation.The tested features consist of a ceremonial modified outcrop(Site 6348,Feature A),a ceremonial platform(Site 6348,Feature B),seven permanent habitation enclosures(Site 6988,Feature B,Site 6990,Feature C, Site 24536, Feature A,Site 24538,Features B and C, Site 24539, Feature B and Site 24544,Feature B), six permanent habitation platforms(Site 6994,Fea- ture F,Site 24538,Feature A,Site 24539,Feature A, Site 24540,Feature A,Site 24542,Feature A and Site 24547),four permanent habitation terraces(Site 6984,Feature A,Site 6988,Feature A,Site 24535 and Site 24536, Feature B), a permanent habitation faced mound (Site 6994, Feature G), a permanent habitation walled terrace(Site 24534), a permanent habitation/burial enclosure(Site 24541,Feature B), a permanent habitation/burial(Site 6994,Feature A),one burial platform(Site 6348,Feature D),two temporary habita- tion U-shapes (Site 24537 and Site 24543) a temporary habitation C-shape (Site 6985)and a temporary habitation terrace(Site 24545), 10 agricultural terraces(Site 6348,Feature H,Site 6349,Site 6351,Feature A, Site 24550,Features PW,RY, ST-2,YZ,AGE, AGF and AGH), five agricultural faced mounds(Site 24550,Features BU, UJ,ADK, AGD and AGI),four agricultural filled cracks (Site 24550, Features CT, DX, GC and YC),four agricultural modified outcrops(Site 6348,Feature E,Site 24272,Feature 435 and Site 24550,Features IW and ZP),four agricultural platforms(Site 24550,Features CU, SU,XH and YO), three agricultural mounds(Site 6348,Feature G,Site 9850,Feature P,and Site 24550,Feature AGC),three agricultural pavements(Site 6989,Feature A, Site 24550,Feature H and COJ,two agricultural enclosures (Site 24550,Features GL and YX),and a flood control platform(Site 24379).The results of these excava- tions are incorporated into the following site descriptions. 19 Table 4. Summary of Subsurface Testing Test Unit Site Type Function Size Area Comment 1 She 24539,Feature A Platform Permanent Habitation 1.8 x 1.1 1.98 2 Site 24550,Feature UJ Faced mound Agriculture 12 x 1.0 120 3 Site 6989,Feature A Pavement Agricuhuro 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 4 Site 24538,Feature A , Platform Permanent Habitation 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 5 Site 24538,Feature B Enclosure Permanent Habitation 0.6 x 0.6 0.32 6 Site 24538,Feature C Enclosure Permanent Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 025 7 Site 9850,Feature P Mound Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 8 Site 24550,Feature XH Platform Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 9 Site 24540,Feature A Platform Permanent Habitation 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 10 Site 6988,Feature A Terrace Permanent Hebitalton 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 11 Site 6988,Feature B Enclosure Permanent Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 0.25 12 She 24550,Feature ST-2 Terrace Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 13 Site 24550,Feature YZ Terrace Agricuhuro 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 14 Site 24550,Feature YO Platform Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 15 Site 24535 Terrace Permanent Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 025 16 Site 24550,Feature BU Faced mound Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 17 Site 24550,Feature H Pavement Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 _ 18 Site 24534 Wailed terrace Permanent Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 025 19 Site 24536,Feature A Enclosure Permanent Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 025 20 Site 24536,Feature B Terrace Permanent Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 025 21 Site 24550,Feature CT Filled crack Agriculture 1.75 x 1.0 1.75 22 Site 24550,Feature CQ Pavement Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 23 She 24550,Feature DX Filled crack Agriculture 2.4 x 1.0 2.40 24 Site 24550,Feature GL Enclosure Agriculture 0.5 x 0.5 0.25 25 Silo 6985 C-shape Temporary Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 025 26 Site 24550,Feature GC Filled crack Agriculture 2.5 x 0.8 2.00 27 Site 24537 U-shape Temporary Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 0.25 28 Site 24550,Feature YX Enclosure Agriculture 0.5 x 0.5 0.25 29 Silo 24547 Platform Permanent Habitation 1.5 x 1.0 1.50 30 6994,Feature G Faced mound Permanent Habitation 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 31 Site 24545 Terrace Temporary Habitation 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 32 6994,Feature A Platform Permanent 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 Burial Habi etior lBu rial 33 6994,Feature F Platform Permanent Habitation 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 34 Site 24542,Feature A Platform Permanent Habitation 1.5 x 1.0 1.50 35 Site 24541 Enclosure Permanent 1.5 x 0.5 0.75 Burial liebitaticn/Burial 36 Site 24550,Feature AGF Terrace Agriculture 125 x 1.0 125 37 Site 24550,Feature AGH Terrace Agriculture 0.9 x 0.7 0.63 38 Site 24550,Feature AGE Terrace Agriculture 1.5 x 1.0 1.50 39 Site 24550,Feature AGI Faced mound Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 40 Site 24550,Feature AGH Terrace Agriculture 2.0 x 1.0 2.00 41 She 6990,Feature C Enclosure Permanent Habitation 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 42 Site 24550,Feature AGO Faced mound Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 43 Site 24550,Feature ADK Faced mound Agriculture 1.0 x1.0 1.00 44 Site 24550,Feature ZP Modified outcrop Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 45 Site 24544,Feature B Enclosure Permanent Habitation 1.1 x 1.0 1.10 46 6992,Feature A V-shape Permanent Habitation 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 47 Site 24550,Feature AGC Mound Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 48 Site 24543 LI-shape Temporary Habitation 1.0 x 0.5 0.50 49 24550,Feature YC Filled crack Agriculture 3.5 x 2.0 7.00 50 Site 24539,Feature B Enclosure Permanent Habitation 0.5 x 0.5 0.25 51 Site 24550,Feature RY Terrace Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 52 Site 24550,Feature PW Terrace Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 53 Site 24550,Feature 1W Modified outcrop Agriculture 1.75 x 1.0 1.75 54 Site 24550,Feature SU Platform Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 55 Site 24550,Feature CU Platform Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 TU-11' Site 24272,Feature 435 Modified outcrop Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 TU-13- Site 24379 Platform Flood control 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 TU-14' Site 6984,Feature A Terrace Permanent Habitation 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 TU-16- Site 24272,Feature 435 Modified outcrop Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 1170-43" Site 6348,Feature D Platform Burial 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 Burial 1170-44" Site 6340,Feature H Terrace Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 1170-45" Site 6349 Terrace Agriculture 2.0 x 1.0 2.00 , 1320-48"' Site 6348,Feature B Platform Ceremonial 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 13209"' Site 6348,Feature E Modified outcrop Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 1320-50- Site 6348.Feature A Modhied outcrop Ceremonial 1,0 x 1.0 1.00 1320-51"' She 6348.Feature G Mound Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 1320-110'" Silo 6351,Feature A Terrace Agriculture 1.0 x 1.0 1.00 Total 71.88 -Excavated by Clark el al.(2005) "-Excavated by Dunn end Rosendahl(1992) "-Excavated by Haun et et.(1998) 20 i In the following site descriptions permanent habitation features are defined as the primary dwell- ing structures at a permanent habitation site.Permanent habitation features were defined based on a criteria developed by Cordy (1981:66-82). In his model, Cordy presents the following attributes for permanent habitation structures:(a)external area greater than 16.0 to 19.0 sq m;(b)substantial construction(i.e.faced walls,paving); (c)presence of special purpose structures(small structures for work and storage);and (d) location(permanent housing clustered primarily along the shoreline or at the mouth of and on the sides of valleys). Other attributes used in this study as evidence of substantial construction include architectural features such as constructed doorways and steps and internal subdivision into rooms. Special purpose structures,which are smaller in area than Cordy's permanent habitation size crite- ria,consist of structures present at permanent habitation sites,but which do not comprise the basic dwelling structure. Their specific functions cannot usually be determined at the inventory level of investigation. These structures may represent sleeping structures,cookhouses or storage areas. Special purpose structures are typically smaller and less formally constructed than permanent habitation features.For this study other features, which would not have supported roof structures, are classified as permanent habitation ancillary features. These features consist of pavements and mounds, and often functioned as site furniture such as activity areas,tables,benches or drying racks.Large enclosures surrounding permanent habitations sites are also termed ancillary features, functioning to define the limits of enclosed yards. As defined by Cordy (1981),temporary habitations are(a)less than 16 sq m in external area,(b)insubstantial constructions,(c) contain numerous features of internal stratification (multiple firepits), and (d) have few or no associated structures.These habitations are characterized by occupations of short-term or recurrent duration. In the site descriptions, all gravel, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders are basalt unless otherwise noted. Assessments of site condition and integrity are provided for each site.Potential conditions are poor, fair,good,and excellent,although no instances of the latter condition were found.Features with portions of most wall faces intact are rated as in good condition,ones with few intact wall segment faces rated as fair, and ones with no intact faces are rated as poor. Integrity is an assessment of site alteration primarily by subsequent cultural agencies.Features are rated as either unaltered or altered. Site 4591 Site 4591 is a stone wall that forms the inland project area boundary at c. 470-480 ft elevation, paralleling the seaward side of the Kuakini Highway(see Figure 6). This wall was initially identified by Hammitt(1979)during a survey to the north of the present project in Kaumalumalu and Pahoehoe 1.Por- tions of the wall have subsequently been recorded by PHRI(1999)and Clark et al. (2005). The portion of the wall within the present project area is 138.0 in in length,extending between the Site 6381 wall in the north and the Site 6352 wall in the south.The wall extends to the north and south of the project area unde- termined distances. It is built of stacked cobbles and small boulders,with a core-filled interior of cobbles (Figure 7). The wall varies in width at the base from 0.9 to 1.2 m, at the top from 0.06 to 1.0 m and in height from 0.9 to 1.2 m.The portion of the wall within the project area is in unaltered and in good condi- tion,with only minimal wall collapse noted.No cultural remains were present. Site 4591 is interpreted as a livestock control feature based on its height and method of construction. Site 6302 Site 6302 is the Great Wall of Kuakini that extends through the project area in a north-south direc- tion at elevations ranging from c. 85-100 R This massive wall extends through the coastal portions of Kailua-Kona distance of c. 8.1 kilometers (5 miles), extending from the southern boundary of Kahalu`u north of Kcahuolu. It was initially recorded by Ching et al.(1973)and sections of it have been documented by numerous researchers including Barrera (1980),Kelly(1983),Hommon and Rosendahl (1983), Schist (1984),Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)and Haun et al(1998).The majority of the wall within the Land of Pahoehoe 2, between wall Sites 6352 in the south and 6381 in the north(discussed below) is situated within the Alii Highway corridor. Only a 10.0 m long section of the wall is present in the project area ex- tending between a jog in the corridor and the Site 6381 wall (see Figure 6). The wall is built of stacked pahoehoe cobbles and boulders, with faced sides and a core-filled interior(Figure 8). The portion within the project area ranges in width from 1.8-2.4 mat the base and 1.4 to 1.80 mat the top and varies in height 21 r�. #�. tib' r �. A . r � , v ray•, •+( � } � ' y :� � °:;$ � '` q;t ].. '' '¢ '�'L„,.•c T' /.♦ �"'7r "4'R'.= -' �r ,'•'141•-••:$ .Z":7 is,�"`�' " .;r. 4 1r t d1 :I\; �.; 1:4e- ^ ,r P.:i �t �$� may. x .xs( r ,,•v '1$534:4, tp r 1 i i '•r• 1-1F4 ` wr'r ! " ;� 9i g,....*,),,i-:, ,: .., r• •..9:.--''•' ' •. '•' ).s. • ..,...,,Z•1'.-e.telt11.,'r.17::: ../•'4 ., i...„0-4::-.:4,-*.t,,,.•'... "•:,,.1i..''it • \., ' •• .,. ill 7 ,'/ F f ;:-.'s ♦ . Figure ite 4591 Wall,view to north ,5.. N 6 X' �{ Tui xY .^,,1 ....;"4"4"::'0';'44 M 3'� H-+' Fx a`'� 1; Tr�` *i 3''r !L"' �a 1 e •'9 .1) YY"rt"'T �' ' .K} + Oji A. y ':ii.r ,- # ;•- `� ' i,,4 "- • 's ....11-,;,' 4 it i; 'frA',.-''' .40!"4'-''''':.1, ''''; '''*'''..'''''',0.,t;-''' '444.,'„.''' 77'7:;::• '' -.;,,,i.2.: •-•,,f.:-...4...:e— .18 ,;.:. 1)--,.....,..ipi ?s'( F Ns t`i w n .. .r ,,r� '4 A,,,e..kr. (0...; I. yr ,,T ;,.. ;At!. tw 1 ` "1 . ; "at 1I .,...,1' !.“....A..r4N' F r' 1 }`— ,- 4.41, v ' •: `t'- <ri 1 .SF �_ -,4e,.'1 it 1,u . �.,r �' _," '~::•-•y+e'r',,%,) *1 31tr ,r i'�F`°.LLL .+{rk . =�4 a• ' €e y43f€• x < % '4.7 Figure 8. Site 6302 Wall,view to northwest 22 from 1.0 to 1.8 in.The majority of the portion of Site 6302 within the parcel wall is intact with only minor wall collapse noted.No cultural remains were noted on the surface. The wall's construction began in the early 1800s. Its completion in the mid-1850s is attributed to Governor Kuakini. There are two interpretations of the wall's function (a)to keep cattle and other live- stock inland from the coastal habitation and agricultural auras (Kelly 1983; Schilt 1984), or (b) to keep livestock seaward of the kula agricultural fields(Baker 1916;Handy and Handy 1972). It is likely that the function of the wall changed over time as the economic importance of cattle grew,and the kinds and den- sity of land use and settlement changed. The portion of Site 6302 in the project area is unaltered and in fair condition. Site 6348 Site 6348 is a complex of 25 features located in the western portion of the project area seaward of the Site 6302 Kuakini wall at elevations ranging from 80 to 95 R The site was initially recorded by Ching et al. (1973) and has subsequently been examined by Hammon and Rosendahl (1983), Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985),Dunn and Rosendahl(1991 and 1992)and Haun et al. (1998).Hammon and Rosendahl (1983:20)indicate that portions of Site 6348 were also recorded by Barren(1980)as components of Site 6990. The features of the site are comprised of six modified outcrops(Features A,E,I,J,K and R),three platforms(Features B,D and H),two terraces(Features C,F),and 11 mounds(Features G,L,M,N1,N2, 0, P, S,Ul, U2 and W),one cairn (Feature Q), one L-shape (Feature V), and one enclosure(Feature T). The examination of the site during the inventory survey indicates that only 19 of the 25 features are located within or partially within the project area,with the six remaining feature situated within the Alii Highway corridor. The features in the present project area consist of Features A-J, M 0, NI, N2, P, R-T and U1 (Figure 9).The following feature descriptions are summarized from Haun et al.(1998).The site is unaltered and in fair condition. Feature A consists of a modified outcrop that is bisected by the boundary between the project area and the corridor, on the highest point in the surrounding area. It is 6.0 m long and 4.5 in wide, with a maximum height of 1.5 at Stones have been piled in cracks in the exposed bedrock and a large,naturally positioned vertical basalt slab is the center of the feature. Branch coral was noted on the surface of the structure. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-1320-50)was excavated adjacent to the vertical slab by Haun et aL (1998),revealing a single layer of cobbles and boulders that varied in thickness from 0.12 to 0.64 in(Fig- ure 10).A basalt whetstone was the only cultural remain recovered from the unit.Feature A was interpreted as a ceremonial feature by Haun et al. (1998:302).This was based on the vertical slab,the branch coral and its prominent location. Feature B is a platform located adjacent to Feature A to the west. It is irregularly-shaped and is 4.5 m long,4.0 m wide and from 0.33 to 0.76 m in height.The surface of the platform is level and a vertical stone in present in the center. A C-shaped indentation is present at the northwest end with a small niche present in one of the arms of the indentation. No cultural remains were noted on the surface. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-132048)was excavated in the center of the platform adjacent to the vertical stone, revealing a stone architectural layer(Layer A), over a soil deposit(Layer I), over bedrock (Figure 11).Layer A consisted of 0.2 to 0.46 in of boulders and Layer I was comprised of 0.01 to 0.04 in of a very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)to brown(7.5YR 4/3)silt.No cultural remains were recovered from TU- 1320-48.Feature B was also assigned a ceremonial function based on the presence of the vertical stone,its prominent location and its association with Feature A. Feature C is a terrace located downslope to the south-southwest from Feature A.The feature is ir- regularly-shaped and is 4.5 m long,4.0 m wide and 0.75 m in height,built of stacked cobbles and boulders. 23 • \ I Fag.L \ F \ K �° 17'r 1 \ -4 \ N 1 Fea .m" 3y r Fea.l meq' 1 1" ,I 1 O 41 SITE 6348 o Fe.PC "D" 4 ec n\among •sYt'a9�Fee.A SS�� -4 1tonoulcrron o• TU.177Ad8 Q WelttYMt MAI U-1)10-10 0 Nur Uart(WU.rtoJ!CT n0.q F*LH e n A 4I IMen\ra+T pN•/"Cpe7 n0-.p tIO MACAW e1'•'' V 70.43 q ,® ' iif ''+\ ADE FACED tta�...^^^---fff .o. \\ Fee.F• Fea '° \ dF•4 Ttl(110.5( .• °s i Fea G • 'ge FOL -• 743.1710-49 Fea.H F .t ;"`:r / o 'Fea.Nl TU•(17aM \. & 41/4 \ y4'IA Wee.M \ Fee.N3 Fee 4 ST•1170-e1 ST•117057� \°'""° Fez.43.1 5T.117058 �c ,�a� _e=r=ates. ST-117049—+�� \Fy nom(+- 0$<9B1p°' �Fee.W SITE 63\\50 n Fea\U•I .'"I Fea.4ProjectArea \\ Ali'i Highway Corridor CFea.T \\ Le \ Figure 9.Site 6348 Plan Map(showing portion of Site 6350)modified from Haun et al.(1998:303) I SOUTH FACE 1 naa ImcrvaAL TATER A 1 .1 1 01 .a aNB STaKB crnI 1 I j il 1111110 kiii _,,,,R 1 F 1111k Ilik wilionim CENTLKETERS o la i0 7a W f0 ao is io I O Layer A 0-52 cmbd:bush boulders and cobbler archieeccurnl layer. Figure 10. Site 6348,Feature A,South Face Profile of TU-1320-50 (from Haun et al. 1998:304) 25 NORTH FACE •� ARCHITECTURAL LA • 4 0 Adir, 2 0 10 20 30 40 SC 60 70 80 90 100 CExfM TERS Layr A 37 road-9 cnbd,ranging from 20-46 an thidc busk boulders;abrupt bounthr,architectural byer. 1 0.8 anbd ringing from 1-4 an thick vary dark brown(7SYR 2.512 mast);loamy sand; brown (75YR 4(3 dry);weak.wry&,o.crumb structure;stlghdy hard loose,nonstidry,non-pbatic cons[stencet no roots: many,mico,interstitia/pore=non-cultural layer. Figure 11. Site 6348,Feature B,North Face Profile of TU-1320-48 (from Haun et al. 1998:306) 26 No cultural remains were present. Feature C was interpreted as an agricultural feature by Haun et al. 1998:305). Feature D is a platform located to the west of Feature C. This feature apparently was also re- corded by Barrera as Feature G of Site 6990(discussed below).The feature is roughly square shaped and is 3.5 m long, 3.0 m wide and 0.5 to 1.0 in in height.The northeast and northwest sides of the structure have collapsed outward and the surface is paved with cobbles.No cultural remains were noted on the surface. Dunn and Rosendahl(1992)excavated a LO by 1.0 m test unit(TU-1170-43) into the surface of the platform,revealing a stone architectural layer(Layer I),over three soil deposits(Layers II-N;Figure 12).Layer I consisted of 0.47 to 0.61 m of cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II was comprised of 0.09 to 0.15 m of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)to dark grayish brown(IOYR 4/2)silt loam, containing 0.56 grams of Echinoid and an unspecified quantity of charcoal. The Layer III deposit consisted of 0.17 to 0.36 in of a very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2)to brown(7.5YR 4/3)silt clay with no cultural re- mains. Layer IV consisted of a very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2) to dark brown(7.5YR 3/2) silt clay. The excavation was terminated on identification of an articulated burial in a flexed position within the Layer IV deposit A sample of the charcoal recovered from the Layer II soil was submitted for analysis resulting in a calibrated age of 90+/-70 years BP. According to Haun et al.(1998:307),the echinoid remains from Layer II suggests that the burial pit was excavated into a pre-existing habitation deposit. Feature E is a modified outcrop located to the south of Feature C.The feature is oval-shaped and is 6.0 in long,3.5 m wide and 1.25 in in height A small opening was noted in the outcrop that connects to a small, 1.3 m wide cavity.No cultural remains were present on the surface. Haun et al. (1998)excavated a 1.0 by 1.0 in test unit (TU-1320-49) in the center of the feature revealing a single layer of cobbles and boulders over bedrock(Figure 13).Layer A varied in thickness consisted of 0.48 to 0.6 m of cobbles and boulders and contained no cultural remains. Feature E was assigned an agricultural function based on its informal construction and absence of cultural remains. Feature F is a modified outcrop located to the southwest of Feature D.This feature is comprised of a series of small modifications on a sloping outcrop in an area 20.0 m long by 5.0 m wide. Several pits in the bedrock outcrop were noted amidst the modifications varying in depth from 0.3 to 1.0 m.The feature was assigned an agricultural function with the holes in the outcrop interpreted as the possible source for the stones in the modifications. A possible storage function was also postulated. This feature corresponds to Feature A of Site 6990(Hommon and Rosendahl 1983).No cultural remains were noted on the surface. Feature G is a mound located to the south of Feature D and west of Feature E.The feature is lin- ear in shape and is 3.2 m long, 1.2 ni wide and 0.5 m in height.It is built of piled cobbles and small boul- ders with no cultural remains. Haun et al. (1998:310)excavated a 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-1320-51)in the center of the mound,revealing a stone layer(Layer A),over a soil deposit(Layer I),over bedrock(Fig- ure 14).Layer A consisted of 0.13 to 0.4 m of cobbles and boulders and Layer I was comprised of 0.01 to 0.1 m of a very dark brown(10YR 2/2)to dark brown(10YR 3/3)clay.No cultural remains were recovered from TU-1320-51.The feature was assigned an agricultural function based on its informal construction and absence of cultural remains. Feature H is a terrace located to the east of Feature E. The majority of the feature is located out- side the project area within the AIN Highway corridor.Itis oval-shaped and is 2.5 m long,2.0 m wide and 1.2 m in height,built of piled cobbles and small boulders.No cultural remains were noted. Dunn and Rosendahl(1992)excavated a 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-1170-44)into the center of the feature,revealing a stone layer(Layer 1),over a soil deposit(Layer ll),over bedrock(Figure 15).layer 1 consisted of 0.07 to 0.55 m of cobbles,boulders and slabs and Layer II was comprised of 0.17 m of a very dark brown (10YR 2/2) to dark brown (IOYR 3/3) silt loam. No cultural remains were recovered from Layer I, with trace charcoal collected from Layer H. Feature H was interpreted as an agricultural feature based on its informal construction and lack of cultural remains. 27 I NORTH FACE loan 104 3 "pi �� a ARCHITECTURAL LAYER .444 o vt, 6 7 1` .Atelt4b., 80-+ 90- III 100-. N �•'' BURIAL 110- 120- 1 1 0 l0 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100 CENTIMETERS Layer 1 14-78 anbd. ranging from 47-61 an thick:basalt cobbles and boulders;very few, very fine roof: abrupt. irregular boundary;architectural layer. Il 70-84 cmbd.ranging from 9.15 an thick:dark brown(10YR 3/3 moist):silt loans dark gray brown(10YR 4R dry);weak.very fine,aumb structure:loose very friable,non-sticky.non-plastic consistence very sew.fine roots;abrupt.irregular boundary;cultural layer. 111 83-108 cmbd,ranging from 17-36 an thick very dark brown(7-SYR 25/2 moist):silty day;brown(7SYR 4/3 dry);weak.very fine and fine,crumb structure soft,loose.slightly sticky.plastic oortsistencc moderate.owns roots:abrupt.irregular boundary;till layer. N 90-118 anbd:very dark brown(75YR 25/2 moist);silty day,dark brown (75YR 3/2 dry);weak,very fine. crumb aerucorre loose(wet and dry).slightly sticky.plastic consistence(pit fill fromwp of burial,not excavated any further):fin layer. Figure 12. Site 6348,Feature D,North Face Profile of TU-1170-43 (from Haun et al. 1998:308) 28 I SOUTHWEST FACE .3' +2. .1' ARCHITECTURAL LAYER" Oan-• ,iii 1. .. tiff. 2• 3' - ail 1i 7u_q=nagnn d %1-n AL1=(LI-11:Uol(1; i li lili 'Jill U❑q :i,imie -l1-fl I i I I j I I I r r 1 0 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 90 100 CENTIMETERS Layer A 28 arud-44 anbd.ranging horn 48-60 cm thick cobbles and bouldars:architectural layer- Figure 13. Site 6348,Feature E, Southwest Face Profile of TU-1320-49 (from Haun et al. 1998:309) 29 I SOUTH FACE I WEST FACE •� .... , ARCHITECTIJIAL ROCK • REMOVED'. 0 crad• .. .., , adr 01 AA<HITECTURAL ROCK REMOVED ,••� _II_�,,,,r,1"1"'c��-VV"\ lJ 1 II, . "41,0m,1 r =n , 1.:,. 'til 10• �Us,r, •1��1 SII 4! „.9�I1 .per"-,, �n . 40 I I I I 1 I ' f I 1 ( i ) I f I 1 I 100 10 ID 70 10 IO 10 70 L 10 0 10 70 a0 10 f0 00 70 10 /0 100 CENTIMETERS Layer. A 32 crnad-33 cmbd,ranging from 13.40 cm thick basalt cobbles and boulders;architectural layer. I 0.39 cmbd,ranging from 1-10 cm thick;very dark brown(10YR 2/2 moist);clay;dark brown(10YR 3/3 dry); weak,very fine and fine,crumb structure;loose(dry and moist),sticky,slightly plastic consistence;common, very fine to medium roots;many,micro,Intersdthi pores;non-cultural layer. Figure 14. Site 6348,Feature G, South Face Profile of TU-1320-51 (from Haun et al. 1998:311) NORTH FACE 20- 2• mir„t„Araft(1104�►ac�rr�cruwat u►YEa 6. 11_ 7• tl 7 f1_ C/110.4 itnl—• I ., IL • �1 A I ."-it ser• 1 I I I 1 0 10 20 101 40I 50I - 60I 70i 80 90 100 CENTIMETERS =yen I 27-82 anbd.ranging from 7-55 an ttildc cobbles and boulders:abrupt smooth boundary;architoctural layer. II 82-99 cmbd.ranging from 0-17 an thick very dark brown(10YR 212 moat);gravelly sit tern:dark brown (I OYR 3/3 dry):loose.friable.sightly sticky slighdy plastic consistence;very fine roots;nen-cultural layer. Figure 15. Site 6348, Feature H, North Face Profile of TU-1170-44 (from Haun et al. 1998:313) 31 Features I,J and R are modified outcrops and Features M,NI,N2,0,P,S and Ul are mounds located around the periphery of the main features of the site. The modified outcrops range in Iength from 1.4 to 4.4 m, in width from 1.2 to 2.5 m,and in height from 0.5 to 0.8 m The mounds vary in length from 2.4 to 5.8m,in width from 0.8 to 2.5 m and in height from 0.34 to 1.3 in.These features are constructed of piled cobbles and boulders with no cultural remains and were interpreted as agricultural features by Haun et al. (1998). Feature T is an enclosure located at the southern end of the site. It is constructed on bedrock and is open along the eastern side. It is 4.0 m long,3.7 in wide with walls built of stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders that vary in width from 1.0 to 1.4 m with a maximum height of 0.9 in.The feature was in- terpreted as a temporary habitation based on its small area(15.0 sq m),formal type and insubstantial con- struction.No cultural remains were noted on the surface. Site 6349 Site 6349 is terrace located in the western portion of the project area at c. 90 ft elevation adjacent to Site 6348 to thc southwest and to thc west of Sitc 6351 (discussed below).The site was initially identi- fied by Ching et al. (1973:88) as a house platform and was re-interpreted as a possible burial feature by Hommon and Rosendahl (1983:235) and Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985:42). The site has subsequently been examined by Dunn and Rosendahl(1991 and 1992)and Haun et al. (1998).Barrera(1980)also exam- ined the site though according to Hommon and Rosendahl (1983:20), he recorded it as Feature H of Site 6990. The terrace is irregularly-shaped and is 15.0 m Iong,4.0 to 9.0 m wide and 0.1 to 0.6 m in height (see Figure 19). Exposed bedrock is present in the northeast corner of the feature with remaining the sur- face comprised of level cobbles. A stacked and piled retaining wall extends along the north,west and sides. No cultural remains were present Dunn and Rosendahl(1992)excavated a 2.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-1170-45)in the northwestern corner of the terrace,revealing a stone layer(Layer I),over a soil deposit(Layer II),over bedrock(Figure 16). Layer I consisted of 0,15 to 0.25 m of cobbles and small boulders and Layer II consisted of 0.07 to 0.23 m of a very dark brown (10YR 2/2)to dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam. No cultural remains were recovered from TU-1170-45. Based on the results of Dunn and Rosendahl's testing and its informal con- struction, Haun et al. (1998:317)assigned the terrace an agricultural function.The site is unaltered and in fair condition. Site 6350 Site 6350 consists of a well-built discontinuous steppingstone trail that extends through the project in an inland-seaward direction(see Figure 6).This trail was previously documented by Ching et al. (1973), Barrera(1980), Hommon and Rosendahl(1983),Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985),Haun et al.(1998)and Clark et al. (2005). The seaward end of the trail originates at c. 20 ft elevation and extends upslope to the east for 345.0 m where it abuts the seaward side of the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall at c 105 ft elevation.This portion of the trail extends through several site complexes(Sites 6348 and 6994)and passes along the south sides of Sites 6990 and 6991 and along the north sides of Sites 6349 and 6351. The trail is not present immediately inland of the Kuakini Wall,although a second intact section is present 70.0 m to the east of the wall.This section is 171 m long,ranging hi elevation from c 125 to 175 ft. The seaward end is located in an area that has been disturbed by bulldozer activity.This portion of the trail corresponds to a trail designated Site T-28 by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985). A third intact trail section is situated 207 in to the east-northeast from the inland end of the second segment, at elevations ranging from c. 245 to 250 ft. This portion of the trail is 22.5 m long and corre- sponds to one of two trail segments designated by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)as Site T-23. A fourth segment is situated 148 m east of the third section.This segment corresponds to the second Site T-23 trail 32 t EAST FACE- 60 4461.41,• 101-11tteR40/111.11•11i. Itte"dit ��4vr I ipip1" ARCHITECTURAL LAYER to 11 -Ilill �,1 12tt- w 1t=11� 11 I0 30 10 40 r0 Eo 70 10 40 100 11e 110 110 1.10 110 110 110 1110 110 L CENTIMETERS Layer 1 61-116 cmbd, ranging.from IS-25 thick; basalt boulders and cobbler; no roots; abrupt, wavy boundary; architectural layer. II 85-124 embd,ranging from 7-23 cm thick;very dark brown(IOYR 212 moist);silt loam;dark brown(10YR 3/3 dry);loose,friable,slightly sticky,slightly plastic consistence;very few roots;very Me pores;non-cultural layer. Figure 16. Site 6349,East Face Profile of TU-1170-45 (from Haun et al. 1998:318) as identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).This portion of the trail extends along the northern side of a seasonal drainage. It is 78.5 m long and ranges in elevation from c 305 to 335 ft.The trail is variably constructed. Inland of the Kuakini Wall it primarily consists of an alignment of flat pahoehoe stepping- stones set on the ground surface,and other areas consisting of a raised linear causeway lined with cobbles and slabs that vary in width from 0.9 to 1.4 in and in height from 0.2 to 0.4 m.In areas where the trail trav- erses a hillside seaward of the Kuakini Wall, it is comprised of terraced cobbles and small boulders with pahoehoe slabs set onto the surface. In the seaward portion of the project are the trail consists of a linear berm of cobbles and small boulders.Examples of the Site 6350 trail are depicted in Figures 17 and 18. The absence of the trail in several locations is likely the result of stone gathering for the construction of the his- toric walls in the parcel and by cattle grazing activity.Site 6350 is altered and in poor to good condition. Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)noted an isolated section of the Site 6350 trail to the south of the Site T-28 section.This section was not relocated during the present study despite multiple visits to the vi- cinity. The currently identified segments of the trail form a discontinuous, but aligned series of trail seg- ments that probably formed a main inland-seaward trail based on its substantial construction and orienta- tion. The southern trail segment noted by Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985)has either been destroyed, or was inaccurately mapped. If it was previously present, then it probably was a secondary branch off the main Site 6350 trail.No cultural remains were noted on the surface. Site 6350 is interpreted as the main inland-seaward transportation route associated with the habita- tion and agricultural use of Pahoehoe 2nd. The trail is spatially associated with the substantial permanent habitation and ceremonial complexes in the seaward portion of the parcel and this trail undoubtedly was used by the occupants of these sites to access the inland agricultural features.Haun et al. (1998:7.32)refer to Site 6350 as Kipapa's Mauka-Makai Trail based on informant information that also suggested that the trail formed the boundary between Pahoehoe 2 and 3.The orientation of the trail, diagonally bisecting Pa- hoehoe 2 makes the latter suggestion unlikely. The attribution of the name Kipapa may also be erroneous because according to the Haun et al. (1998)informant,the foot trail used by Kipapa to go between his up- land gardens and his coastal residence and fishing grounds would have been in Pahoehoe 3 where Kipapa's land(Grants 1927 and 1749)was situated(Maly 1998:402). Haun et al. (1998:7.32)also erroneously refer to the Site 6350 trail as an historic(1820-1840)Ap- ple(1965)Type AB trail. Although, the trail has ramp-like sections on slopes and built up sections bridg- ing low areas it lacks the kerbstones that are the defining characteristic of trails designed for horse travel. The Site 6350 trail is a substantially constructed stepping stone trail designed for single file pedestrian traf- fic and would be classified as an Apple(1965)Type A trail dating to pre-Contact to early historic times. Site 6351 Site 6351 is a complex of 49 agricultural features seaward of the Site 6302 Kuakini wall and south of Site 6348 at elevations ranging from c. 78 to 100 Il. The site was initially recorded by Ching et al. (1973)and has subsequently been examined by Hommon and Rosendahl(1983),Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985),Dunn and Rosendahl(1991 and 1992)and Haun et al.(1998). The features consist of 23 terraces (Features A-E, H, J, L, T, W, Y, AC-AF, AI, AM, AN, AR, AS,and AU-AW), 18 mounds(Features F,G,I,K,N,0,Q,X,Z,AA,AG,AH,AJ-AL,AP,AQ and Al), six modified outcrops(Features R,S,U, V,AB,and AO, one wall(Feature M)and a modified depression (Feature P,Figure 19).The current survey determined that 18 of the 49 features are located within or par- tially within the project area (Features A-J, M and AQ-AW), two are located within the adjacent Ali`i Highway corridor,and 29 are situated outside the project area to the south.The following feature descrip- tions axe summarized from Haun et al.(1998).The site is unaltered and in fair condition. The 18 features in the project area consist of 12 terraces(Features A-E,H, J, AR, AS, and AU- AW)five mounds(Features F,G,I, AQ and AT)and a wall(Feature M).These features are all informally constructed with no cultural remains present The 12 terraces vary in length from 1.5 to 12.5 m(averaging 7.3 m),in width from 1.1 to 8.5 m(averaging 3.6 in)and in height from 0.7 to 1.4 m(averaging 0.95 in). 34 I '. mss: : 4 : gyp ` LY..�`w ty 1 ST.•?1 .40 r .. .r l • .'../531, AK '. a. :IV r.+ • 1A Af • • �@xAlp, ,}'w •ma •41 Y �y', r,4 ' > «r 'vt. ,41" .. �,A:. , tl .'� �4.: f s,".i '.r }* 1` • I.'44•,:,-.4. ty •�r;.y ti ' t '; fs- .•- 'a' l ; ei4- ,r•?,,- •-.3.Z4,414,%.4.7.., ..-r ,�1 1at \ ,,R rs.1,2 ,f * `yep.'*-.. sj.•;�� y , . . , • • .• . ,...,,,,.. ti vy 1 5. l- ,, ...„.4... .....p:,,,,,...,,,-a '..4: . `' ' ��t^ ` t•r .•1_ . 4„714. 1Qr�."1"-• .lcY4 .A,ei�` - -A. * •'� Figure 17. Site 6350 Trail,view to northeast , -niJ 1n. , F � r ,,fit 14 - ,1. • r••%ti.t'% F.,,,,-, .. t;,p3...fi '1•14:.:`,,,,,...e,',.., Ori r`Y t'1 -•:,-.1••;, 1�' t ::.{-..i.:,,.-1,.,,. „! j 14 ► ,A•f,-,01-...A, -s. -,:...,...:. - -,41.t.I.,zitio.-4.i., .,,,,;;;,-. :-.-:.. -,, ....1...'''':"!i• '''-.... : •-• • kek 1h ► it �! .-....A:.:..,.,.7..,, r�"t;4 i.e.) $t...0 �,�.�,/ 1 q .4 i . si.„2, ..,,,,.., ..,;,..?.. „i:,.....,... 1 :.. ,... -,•;,A,..., „„...„:::...:1,,,... ,:v•:,. .. ..„, •... :i..,,,.......,,-,.„,•...,....,.. . . ...• -,-,. 4 { ''-',Y.,-' 4 • .• ••, •v".•4+im`e" ,•`-::,:!••a:. Y'7—4',.,, ar\ iti 7 '7:A.1:,•-••••�� .yt't' . �r ' s�.:y.,;:0:3.4,7,,,• giY ...:-..,...,..,.•-•. / ! 'd' jil y,,wi F , 'r ;41 •'1.1- '•474. 4 ,�/" itl a r'.5.4.;" j,.1i. . 4,„;:.-=#,' ....h= -1 ', 1.3 Figure 18. Site 6350 Trail,view to northeast 35 Project Area \\ AIN Highway Corridor } ••, �+a-F \ '�" o J „O O � 63nous \ __\ N ��, a e �o oo f .. SITE 6348 - 40 ao� Fea.T..-• Fea.D° ; • SITE 6349f2ea. Fea. 4 A .:=•:': :::.�*'.'; ',Fea.L '� .., Fra"` j. Fea.o-� '1:20..4%. Fea.B ''.:' 1•- L,: Frog_AU 'f,. Fea.AV 1:-. Fea.C Southern Project t •• -•'•`•- o, Area Bmciary SITE 635 I Se.... . ° '' :c J� Fc. PB % •-• '::144 —1Fea AN `''`' 6 fFeaAK 6Fa.AO i! pAJ Ilo; eaA TTT , •,:' o _;.,' : Fea.AP-2.V.,.4'�'9. ' Fea_0 °' r `� Al .q. Fea.P I _ Fea.AD X �/ .I•'• :111:::•,:.; Fea.AC Fea. : Z Tu-1320-109 ;j :,'.` ' +:': ;� t,':;.. -.. Y •' 1 ��. �Fea.S w:..:� 'i •': Fea.Y, OFea.•V Fea Pi "%11 *:;..-.4.;.•.. ;:•' Fea•T ;S r s+*E :•lig .• ,. Z .. ecormaiss Fea.AE %,•,:::... y'• "a' •e''4%ii"'� .:11111 '/• moi; avrsoc raouuc* Fea.AF egoo.,5Fea AA .•i••. ' Q :: Fea AB Fea.A! Fra.AG I:: , c 'P V mI 4 It, Figure 19. Plan Map of Sites 6349, 6350, 6351 and portion of Site 6348 (modified from Haun et al. 1998:320) 36 The Feature A terrace was tested by Haun et al. (1998:319). A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-1320-110)was placed in the northwestern portion of the feature in an area of soil. This excavation revealed a 0.12 to 0.22 m thick layer of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/3)to dark brown(7.5YR 3/4)sandy loam over bedrock (Figure 20).No cultural remains were recovered. The five mounds varied in length from 1.7 to 4.3 m(averaging 2.55 m),in width from 1.5 to 3.0 m (averaging 2.0 m)and in height from 0.4 to 0.66 (averaging 0.55 m).The Feature M wall is 21.0 m long (east-west) and is located along the southern project area boundary. It averages 2.0 m wide and 0.7 m in height and extends over an area of exposed bedrock. Site 6352 Site 6352 is a stone wall located along the inland portion of the southern project area boundary,on the land division between Pahoehoe 2 and Pahoehoe 3. The site was initially identified by Ching et at (1973)and has subsequently been documented by Barrera(1980),Hommon and Rosendahl(1983),Rosen- dahl and Rosendahl (1985), Haun et al. (1998) and Clark et al. (2005). The wall originates against the inland side of the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall at c. 105 ft elevation and extends upslope for 958 m in a roughly east-northeasterly direction where it terminates at the inland side of the Site 4591wa11 at c.480 ft elevation (see Figure 6).No evidence of the wall is present seaward of the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall. The wall is constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders with a core-filled interior of small cobbles(Figure 21).It varies in width from 0.8 to 1.2 mat the base and 0.6 to 0.8 mat the top,with heights that range from 0.9 to 1.45 m. The majority of the wall is intact with only minor areas of collapse noted. No cultural remains were found in association with the wall. The location of the wall on the boundary be- tween Pahoehoe 2 and 3 indicates it did serve to mark this land division;however,its primary function was to restrict the movement of cattle based on its method of construction and height. Site 6352 is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 6381 Site 6381 is a stone wall that forms the northern project area boundary,situated on the division be- tween Pahoehoe 1 and Pahoehoe 2. The site was initially identified by Ching et al. (1973)and has subse- quently been examined by Barrera (1980), Hommon and Rosendahl (1983), Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985), Haun et al. (1998), Ketner et al. (2004)and Clark et al. (2005). The wall originates at the north- western corner of the parcel at c. 10 ft elevation and extends upslope in a roughly east-northeasterly direc- tion for 1,345 m where it terminates at the inland side of the Site 459 lwall at 465 ft elevation (see Fig- ure 6). The wall is built of stacked cobbles and small boulders with a core-filled interior of small cobbles (Figure 22). The wall ranges in width at the base from 0.7 to 1.2 m, at the top from 0.5 to 0.75 m and in height from 1.0-to 1.6 m.The majority of the wall is intact with only minor areas of collapse. No cultural remains were found in association with the wall. Site 6381 is interpreted as a livestock control feature de- signed to restrict the movement of cattle based on its height and method of construction.The location of the wall on the division between Pahoehoe 1 and 2 also indicates it functioned as a boundary marker.The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 6984 Site 6984 is a complex of four features located in the inland portion of the project area at c.275 to 285 ft elevation. The site was initially identified by Barrera (1980)as a single feature habitation terrace. Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)relocated the site,but provided little additional information. Clark et al. (2005)subsequently examined the site and interpreted it as a pre-Contact habitation complex.The complex, as defined by Clark et al. (2005), consists of the originally identified terrace (Feature A), two associated enclosures(Features B and C)and a wall/alignment(Feature D;Figure 23).The Feature D alignment ap- pears to correspond to a terrace previously recorded by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)as Site T-20.The features of Site 6984 as defined by Clark et al.(2005)were relocated during the current study. 37 t WEST FACE l LIwoniSIIIII.Ad,ISI a i MO r1- 41 11` 111 -'1 -ii. /1- 3 ii- t1- 3 1i-11=11611-II cii oti=u-11=11:it= .=u cii.,7c _n-i,Cp- t I 1 1 i 1 I I I 1 0 10 IO 30 40 SO 60 70 60 90 100 CENTIMETERS Layer I 6-32 anbs, ranging from 12-22 an thick very dark brown ( .5YR 2S/3 moist); sandy loam; dark brown (TSYR 3/4 dry);weak,very fine,crumb strucoare;soft,very friable,slightly sticky,non-plastic consistence; 1 many,micro roots;many,micro,vesicular pores;non-cultural layer. Figure 20. Site 6351,Feature A,West Face Profile of TU-1320-110 (from Haun et al. 1998:321) 38 .; ..r_•-.+ • .'Y! +: in 4• , •t+ ,g.i r, -.7,-•;41 •,‘ 1• }"/ - •• 1. f, ... y�.. .yyyd • x�. • ! ,l .. •� . . .. 1 . • .4 r1 r r`' •e j ` ,rte r �* Rr "V , spy Figure 21. Site 6352 Wall,view to southwest • 1 } • ' • ,.1.::.:0:-.,., ,'kti f , - r :. d•Yt. iiA,A,ItIsc ,r y4FSf N./7/,* }N /' r '} A t•, 1 y,• 11 ` i•; 1. -to1, 1. .,..1'..5:. S I . i• +; 2. • 1f','Y p- .i r "' ';"qs �}.�� r r" -7,1 i ,. '1��'Jty :. 11 ' 1+ lS f,'.r s ,rl n l'.'''‘.1.!' . ,. 14i _a�'t�i b�. ,` ''11 j 1.. t t', . 7' ; ,i '' -FA:. **i,k. i'yi e,1 "..mi. ,...t ).. ,; . ' 1 ‘ f, kt.,', .-,- ' ,,. • y a 7fff :.t.1:. .l „Fa_ I.1 , r.4`F;ti!„IMc,'."•-•C, . i\ •�v. t Y •11. :f ,• i`1 1 3 �y t/ Figure 22. Site 6381 Wall,view to north %I II, Slacked cobbles Bedrock s t Tree o • r Natural bedrock contour •r qp 711. Feature D ;, j a Level soil area ��!'� 'j vy Level soil area ,..tt•� Feature C .:�. A �•�•ro i.• a t''iH, •� . • t:. N, • etre a TU-14 Feature B •i• o : • o a .. 8 ..:: s.yr.�rs� L1 a - Q s .'•. - O �,..:._ a e ''''Oe s por i'•::.D11.1.::',... 9 ."1:;":41gletill,cl 4giv 1 --,:t • a jl ' Feature A -.A lk I i0 2 4 tme ,.. ••ii ! 1 I • Scale in meters 10-14 west wall profileo o 20 I tI I Scalc m«„umsc, , 01110100111 ii Layer 1 441-4111111 OW/ 1T 4bAtlikE.W.,c4 �• Layerk L! �� •�Yil• il Layer I-Architectural layer consisting of piled small to large sized piled pc hoehoe cobbles and boulders. Layer II-Very dark brown(10YR 2/2)silt. Figure 23. Site 6984 Plan Map and TIJ-14 Profile modified from Clark et al. (2005:21) 40 Feature A consists of the main feature at the site.This large rectangular terrace is built against the west side of an outcrop and is 5.3 m long(north-south)and 4.0 m wide. Stacked cobble and small boulder retaining walls extend along the north,west and south sides,with the east side abutting the side of the out- crop.Portions of the western side are faced.The height of the feature averages 0.9 in along its western side and the surface is comprised of a level cobble pavement No cultural remains were noted on the surface of the structure. Clark et al. (2005:20)excavated a 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-14) in the center of the terrace, re- vealing a stone architectural layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rested on bedrock(see Figure 23).Layer I consisted of 0.75 m of cobbles and boulders and Layer II consisted of very dark brown (10YR 2/2)silt present amidst the cobbles and boulders.No cultural remains were recovered from Layer I. Marine shells,coral,volcanic glass and charcoal were collected from Layer II. Feature B is an irregularly shaped enclosure constructed against the northern side of the outcrop that abuts Feature A to the east.The enclosure is 7.0 m in length(east-west)and 3.0 m wide,with the walls built of piled cobbles and small boulders that range in width from 0.6 to 1.5 in and in height from 0.4 to 0.7 in.The interior is comprised predominately of bedrock with an area of soil is present the northern end No cultural remains were present The Feature C enclosure is situated 2.5 m north of the Feature A terrace.This enclosure is roughly rectangular in shape and is 6.2 m long(east-west) and 5.0 m wide, open to the west. The walls are con- structed of piled cobbles and small boulders,ranging in width from 0.5 to 1.4 m and in height from 0.5 to 0.9 m.The interior is comprised of level soil with no cultural remains present. Feature D was interpreted as a wall/alignment by Clark et al. (2005); however,examination dur- ing the present study indicates it is more accurately described as a crude terrace.This feature is located on the eastern side of the Site 24380 livestock control wall and appears to correspond to Rosendahl and Rosendahl's Site T-20.The main portion of the terrace is 9.7 m in length(northeast by southwest)and from 0.5 to 1.8 m wide. A stacked and piled cobble and small boulder retaining wall extends along the northern side of the feature, ranging in height from 0.4 to 0.7 in. The southern side abuts a bedrock outcrop with pockets of thin soil. No cultural remains were observed, although Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985) re- ported a single fragment of Cypraea sp. shell. Clark et al. (2005)suggest that scattered stones situated be- tween the main portion of the feature and the eastern side of the outcrop associated with Features A and B are disturbed components of the Feature D terrace,and attribute the disturbance to the construction of the Site 24380 wall. Site 6984 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex. The Feature A terrace likely func- tioned as the main structure of the site,serving as the foundation for a permanent habitation structure based on its area(21.2 sq in)and substantial construction (faced side, paved surface). The Feature C enclosure may have also served as a structural foundation based on its shape, formal type and area(31.0 sq m).The Feature B enclosure and the Feature D terrace potentially functioned as ancillary features associated with the use of the site, serving as possible activity areas,based primarily on their spatial relationship with the other features of the site.The site is unaltered and in fair condition. Site 6985 Site 6985 is C-shaped enclosure located in the central portion of the project area at c.235 ft eleva- lion. The site was initially identified by Barrera (1980)and was subsequently documented by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).The enclosure is 4.25 m long(north-south)and 3.6 m wide and is open on the south side(Figure 24). It is constructed of stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders,ranging in width from 0.75 m to 1.0 m and in height from 0.3 to 0.9 In.The enclosure floor consists of a level soil deposit with no cultural remains. A 0.5 in by 0.5 m test unit(TU-25)was excavated within the interior of the enclosure,revealing a single soil deposit over bedrock (see Figure 24). Layer I consists of 0.29to 33 m of very dark brown 41 • Datum (0.6) (0.5)=Height in meters 'jig � Slope direction (0.9) y1r ` ��`',�, �i�„ (0.3) ) (0.8) ` (� 0,111, )) Wall collapse 411 "`• TU-25 (0.4) ,)))3 114'1 ` t(ft() (0 7) w•,r• (0.4) (t(:))))) M� O. (0.85) , )j)j (( ))) —Level soil— �s���•.) .2111 • (0.3) Uneven soil and low outcrops— 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m 0 South Face I Berock 40cm /idi 0 50cm Layer I-Very dark brown(7.5YR 2..5/2)silt with 20%pebble inclusions;Cultural remains present Figure 24. Site 6985 Plan Map and TU-25 South Face Profile 42 (7.5YR 2.5/2)silt containing 20%pebble inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer I consisted of two Cypraea sp. shells(1.1 g)and a trace of charcoal. Site 6985 is interpreted as a temporary habitation enclosure based on its formal type, small area (15.3 sq in),and insubstantial construction.The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 6988 Site 6988 is complex of two features located in the central portion of the project area at c. 195 to 203 ft elevation.The site was initially identified by Barrera(1980)and was re-examined by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).The features consists of a terrace(Feature A)and an enclosure(Feature B)encompass- ing an area 19.5 m long(east-west)by 8.5 m wide(Figure 25).No cultural remains were noted on the sur- face of the site. The Feature A terrace is roughly rectangular in shape and is constructed on the west and south sides of a level pahoehoe outcrop. The terrace is composed of cobbles and small boulders stacked three to seven courses high. The terrace wall and the level surface of the outcrop cover an area 9.75 in long(east- west)by 5.6 m wide. The south wall of the terrace is stacked and faced,but the west wall has largely col- lapsed. The height of the south wall varies from 0.7 in to 1.1 in. The west wall varies in height from 0.5 m to 0.7 in. A low spot in the outcrop at the northeast corner is filled with cobbles to create a level surface. A 1.0 m by 1.0 m test unit(TU-10)was placed at the intersection of the south and west terrace walls,revealing an architectural layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)over bedrock(see Figure 25). Layer I consists of 0.73 to 0.88 in of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural re- mains. Layer II consists of 0.3 to 0.21 m of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/3)silt containing 20-30%gravel and pebble inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer II consisted of 1.2 grains of charcoal. Feature B is a U-shaped enclosure located adjacent to Feature A to the west. It is 5.75 in long (east-west)by 5.0 m wide. It is comprised of two freestanding walls built against an outcrop that forms the east wall.The enclosure is open to the west.The enclosure walls are built of stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders,ranging in width from 0.8 to 1.4 in and in height from 0.25 to 0.8 in.Portions of the enclo- sure walls have collapsed,but portions of each wall are intact and faced. A 0.5 in by 0.5 m test unit('TU-11)was placed near the interior southeast corner of the enclosure revealing a single soil layer over bedrock(see Figure 25).Layer I consists of 0.17 to 0.2 in of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/3)silt containing 20-30%gravel and pebble inclusions. No cultural material was recov- ered from Layer I. Site 6988 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex.This is based on the formal type of the features, their substantial construction (faced sides) and large areas (Feature A - 54.6 sq m; Feature B - 28.75 sq m). It is likely that both features served as the foundation for permanent habitation structures.The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 6989 Site 6989 is a complex of eight features located in the central portion of the project area at c. 200 ft elevation. The site was initially identified by Barrera(1980) and was subsequently documented by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)indicate that the site consisted of three enclosures(Features A,B and F),an L-shape(Feature C),a C-shape(Feature D),two terraces(Features E and G)and a mound. A crude plan map of the site with little information is presented in the Barrera(1980)report. The area where the site was reportedly located was carefully examined during the inventory survey; however, only three of the eight features could be positively correlated These consist of the Feature A enclosure,the Feature D C-shape and Feature G which was re-interpreted as a crude L-shape(Figure 26).The site is lo- cated in an area of dense agricultural features and it is likely that some of these agricultural features,pri- 43 I 0 3.0 6.0 9,0ft —Uneven soil and waops— (0.) 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m '' " (0.8) (0.5) iii •,,..... •, iii (c(4..*::::::'''- , ,,jr-rrfe$,..r*'-* I - ,. e_ ,,,e1-grerif:C.,,e/r,X..1N(0.5) (, erii1114.41b1146016`I"' (0 o.g 4��rr`��`c`ciji)�'fi 4`i.ti`�7jrr�1•, .:''7�t_l�..•"Y- FeatureB lc�..4tr.Y,+ -� ,, ll ll`��4�Il .i.................. � 0.411�s- Level soil )),''CCS''"-`"� Datum' �L,Ii.,.1.40,4411. yr J 1- v �5•)T1 wI, grIte•� Ve Scattered cobbles TU-11 i 40 ‘:.1►.`,vi<r,-,r�a.afwa it lr (I.1) (l.o) Batu bedrock L 0 (0.6) i. ontaop , (1.0) SX'w'111-10 (0.'7) a •xaM , f‹yt . (0 25) - ' ..,,+' (0.6) • S ,. , TU-10 TU-11 (0.) .. , .. ,60,143 Fen Wm Fees (0.2) . .. 0 1,441e.��_ 0 l ._warobamouir in ��1���.,t1 30� �'/Ziii%3 ���jig i 0 s0em t Slope direction IOOcm layer D-Very dark brows(7.YR25,3)elft with �,� �bi 20-3096 gmtvei me pebble mauetam,. No altunl remiss .............. Edge of outcrop 0 l00cm .•^.. Rubble Layer I-Tightly patted oobb:a=I smell boulders; No cultard=aim /Y� Faced aide late 0 x0-30%mel broom pebble mfr soioons; eclairs!remains Inman Layer 0:1-Duk brown(75YR 3C)'Mk No calomel mains - Figure 25.Site 6988 Plan Map and Profiles of TU-10 and 11 L 1 0 4.5 9.0 133ft Feature A (1.2) 0.9) •.liritgTe 0 13 3.0 4_5m .114111*. (0.' .i,. 1411�•'�� 0 ; '= •� Lcvd soil +fesi::.;•;• , Edge of bedrock outcrop • (0.4) -�=i':=•'� Level soil (0- �!:•' e.• T]-3 Faced sick a (0.85)•w,M., X.::::Arge(03),-�l • e. O �•r •� Damm f✓]OV."6 6i�a� (0S)=Height to meters ozitio /AV 0.3) ���0 6) r.. Datum ( t Slope direction Wall collapse I —Uneven soil and outcrop, I Feature 0 _ t10 Oa ~ � � (0.5) 10.21111!I•l,, 8�5�1 Ire.: (0.6) Feature D I •Vettr Alalt. — Uneven soil and outcrops— w0 I.i r 0 • I • ( �.���t��I�i (0.25) r,•,!►•..a i lamdri.'41.194r 'IPA Aim (0.35) (0.5) (03) moo "Tea Nortitoorthweat Face wail w Ayr* ASsea teitairatvrat isitiLiw -. dc" ((0_5) 60cm / Soil and scattered cobbles 0 100em Layer 1-Tightly packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultured remains Lays Q-Dark brown(10YR 3!3)Or with 10%pebble inelosioos;No cultural remaian Figure 26. Site 6989 Plan Map and TU-3 North-Northwest Face Profile 45 madly mounds and modified outcrops, correspond to the previously identified features of Site 6989, but this could not be positively verified. Feature A consists of an irregularly-shaped enclosure located at the northern end of the site on the side of a slope angling down to the northwest and west. It is 6.7 in long(east-west)and 5.0 in wide and is bordered by discontinuous walls that vary in width from 0.35 to 1.3 m and in height from 0.3 to 1.2 in.The northern wall of the enclosure is faced on the interior and exterior sides as is the interior side of the south- eastern wall. The interior of the enclosure consists of a level soil deposit and low bedrock outcrops. No cultural remains were noted. The east side of the feature is bordered by a platform-like structure that is 3.15 in long (north- south) 1.75 in wide and from 0.6 to 0.8 m in height.A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-3)was excavated into this portion of the feature,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bed- rock(see Figure 26).Layer I consisted of 0.41 to 0.5 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Layer II consisted of 0.03 to 0.12 in of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt with 10%pebble inclusions. No cultural remains were recovered from Layer II. Feature D is a crudely built C-shape located 6.3 m south of Feature A. It is 5.4 m long(north- northwest by south-southeast and 3.3 m wide,with a 1.3 m wide opening in the center of the western side. The walls are built of piled cobbles and small boulders,varying in width from 0.95 to 1.3 in and in height from 0.3 to 0.6 m. The interior consists of an uneven soil deposit with scattered cobbles. No cultural re- mains were present. Feature G is a crude L-shape located 17.5 in south of Feature A,on the side of a moderate slope angling down to the west. The L-shape is 5.6 in north-south and 3.15 m east-west, open to the west. The walls are built of piled cobbles and small boulders that range in width from 1.0 to 1.25 m and in height from 0.25 to 0.6 in.The area within the L-shape consists of sloping soil with scattered cobbles and no cuh tural remains. Site 6989 is interpreted as a probable agricultural complex. This is based in part on the informal method of construction,small size,sloping terrain and absence of cultural remains noted at Features C and D. The Feature A enclosure did evidence substantial construction (faced sides); however, no cultural re- mains were present on the surface of the feature or within TU-3.The site is unaltered and in fair condition. Site 6990 Site 6990 is a complex located in the seaward portion of the project area at c.78 to 82 ft elevation. The site was initially identified by Barrera (1980) and was subsequently documented by Hornmon and Rosendahl (1983) and Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985). Initially the site was comprised of 25 features consisting of 15 mounds(Features F,G,I-K,N,P and R-Y),seven terraces(Features B-D,L,M,0 and Q), two modified outcrops(Features A and H)and an enclosure(Feature E).Hommon and Rosendahl indicate that several features of this site correspond to features of Sites 6348 and 6349, initially documented by Ching ct al. (1973).These consists of Feature A(Site 6348, Feature F),Feature G(Site 6348, Feature D), and Feature H(Site 6349). A sketch plan map of Site 6990 is presented in Barrera (1980);however, only six of the features could be positively correlated during the inventory survey. The area in which Site 6990 is located contains a dense scatter of agricultural mounds,modified outcrops and terraces. A cluster of five well built mounds and terraces interpreted as elements of the Site 24550 agricultural complex(discussed below)are located to the southwest of the identified features of Site 6990 and it is likely that these features (Features AGD, AGE,AGF,AGH and AGI)include features designated by Barrera,but it is not possible to specify exactly which ones. The current study indicates that Site 6990 is comprised of four features(Features B, C, D and E; Figure 27).Descriptions of the adjacent Features A and G are presented in the Site 6348 description above and Feature H is documented in the Site 6349 description. 46 MN % 4 1 :,,,,,44", Feature E / ' ‘lo. ''.!..f `• sol :� ``• Feeture D �� ro.: '-;ter o© ` .; us .5v , ;ii• :C.`••• ComsFoadd to Wu 6.14S,Feu=D i11 iii! Nat cor6.rea Foto 0 a• . . a sal ... , tt•� - � J,:Feeturs C ,;i . 1.4011;.,...,i, Feeture Ga .- `: , ' .+ /> • �;s ; w=; ' • •t• f f0aa1 -;� •FS�• / Sk w— ( n� i;I. i ;.i IrNISll 17!•V • .....','i; •in• �7 - " Laa7.lmy pea(eaebls and m•¢bo J dn { 1. iyd,•,A ;S7 ) =� . .2t• i! P• *y • NoWall�•W 1 ,; • ` • r S ,,,, i ,. ' .. lor•0-Dakno..(faArn•w.inmx t t � + ,••!..•)••::•;6••••• • ,v • „ r1,1,tr •a .r ad61•uepiw laelw .c�d i FeStUre8,�`'1 `i:7 � ...� faoarameet •4 j. q',' 0 5m Feature A ). CarteaP®dv to Silo 6548.Rahn,F Figure 27.Site 6990,Feature A-E,and G Plan Map and TU-41 NNW Face Profile modified from Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985:14) Feature B is an enclosure with adjoining terrace with overall dimensions of 6.5 m long (east- west)and 4.1 m wide.The enclosure is rectangular in shape and is 4.1 m long(north-south)and 3.1 m wide with walls built of stacked cobbles and small boulders.The walls range in width from 0.75 to 1.1 m and in height from 0.3 to 0.5 m. There is 0.9 m wide opening into the interior in the center of the western wall. The interior consists of a level soil deposit with no cultural remains.Portions of the interior wall along the northern side are faced. The terrace portion of the feature adjoins the enclosure on the eastern side. It is rectangular in shape and is 4.1 m long(north-south) and 3.1 m wide with collapsed sides and an uneven cobble surface.No cultural remains were present on the terrace. A pile of collapsed rubble extends from the northeast corner of the terrace to the edge of the outcrop containing Feature A(Site 6348,Feature F). Feature C consists of a rectangular enclosure with an adjoining terrace located to the west of Fea- ture B. It has overall dimensions of 8.6 m long(north-northwest by south-southeast)and from 1.5 to 3.4 m wide. The enclosure is rectangular in shape and is 4.5 m long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and from 3.3 to 4.5 in wide. There is a 1.0 m wide opening into the interior in the center of the east wall,par- tially filled with cobbles.The walls of the enclosure are built of stacked cobbles and small boulders,rang- ing in width from 1.0 to 1.3 m and in height from 1.0 to 1.3 in.Portions of the western side are faced. Sev- eral slabs set on edge are incorporated into the interior side of the western wall.The interior floor consists of level soil with scattered cobbles.No cultural remains were present The terrace portion of the feature extends to the south-southeast from the enclosure.The terrace is 4.1 m long(north-northwest by south-southeast)and from 1.0 to 2.3 m wide. A stacked cobble and small boulder retaining wall extends along the west side of the terrace,varying in height from 1.0 to 1.1 m.The surface is comprised of level cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-41)was excavated into the surface of the terrace, revealing a stone architectural layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that overlies bedrock(see Figure 27).Layer I consisted of 0.45 to 0.65 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer n was comprised of 0.18 to 0.23 in of a dark brown(IoYR 3/3)silt with 70%cobble and pebble inclusions. Cultural remains from Layer II consisted of one Cypraea sp.shell(10.2 g),two kukui nut shells(2.1 g),one waterworn coral pebble(6.6 g)and 0.3 grams of charcoal. Feature D is a terrace located to the north of Feature C. It is 5.3 m long (north-northwest by south-southeast)and from 0.95 to 1.6 m wide. A stacked and faced cobble and small boulder retaining wall extends along the western downslope side, ranging in height from 0.7 to 1.2 m. The upslope side of the feature is 0.3 m in height above the surrounding ground surface.The surface of the terrace consists of level but unpaved cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Linear piles of cobbles and small boul- ders are located to the east and west of Feature D. Feature E is a C-shaped enclosure located to the north-northeast of Feature D. The enclosure is open to the west and is 4.7 m long(north-south)and 3.3 m wide with walls built of piled stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders.These walls vary in width from 0.6 to 0.75 m and in height from 0.6 to 0.8 m. The interior of the enclosure consists of a level soil deposit with no cultural remains. Site 6990 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex. Features B and C potentially func- tioned as the foundation for roofed structures based on their formal types, substantial construction(faced sides)and areas(Feature B-26.6 sq in,Feature C-29.2 sq m).The Feature D terrace is smaller in area than typical permanent habitation structures (8.4 sq m), although its substantial construction (faced side) and association with permanent habitation features suggest it may have served as the foundation for a special purpose structure. The Feature E enclosure potentially functioned to delineate the extent of an associated work or activity area.The site is unaltered and in fair condition. Site 6991 Site 6991 is a complex of two features located in the seaward portion of the project area at eleva- tions ranging from 35 to 38 ft. The site was initially identified by Barrera (1980) and was subsequently documented by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).The site is comprised of a large platform surrounded by a 48 stone wall(Feature A)and a second smaller platform located to the south(Feature B). The features of the site are illustrated in Figures 28 and 29. Feature A consists of a large enclosure with overall dimensions of 44.5 in long(east-west)and from 27.4 to 37.9 m wide(see Figure 28).This feature has been interpreted as a ceremonial heiau during the previous studies;however,the examination of the feature during the inventory survey identified at least two phases of construction and use of the structure. The initial phase was the construction of a massive rectangular platform that occupies the western half of the feature and which likely represents the original heiau stricture. This platform was designated Feature 6 by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985). This platform is delineated by alignments of boulders that represent the bacal wall stones of the original structure along the east and west sides. Small portions of the western wall face arc present at the northwest and southwest corners of the main platform. The original northern and southern platform walls are visible beneath subsequent additions that increased the wall heights.This main platform is 31.2 m long (north-northwest by south-southeast)and 17.6 m wide.Large basalt cornerstone boulders are located at the southwestern and northwestern corners of the structure.The surface of the platform is uneven cobbles and boulders with a series of eight excavated pits.These pits vary in size from 1.1 to 1.8 m long,0.7 to 1.3 in wide and 0.5 to 1.5 m in depth.There are five slight elevation changes on the surface of the platform that probably indicate that the original surface was tiered. Alignments of probable wall face stones are visible along most of these tiers.Alternatively,one or more of these"tiers"may be an indication of more than one building phase for the heiau. In Hawaiian archaeology,evidence of ceremonial use includes the presence of branch coral or the presence of an upright stone that is often elongated and waterworn (Kirch 1985). Hammatt et al. (1997) compiled a list of heiau attributes drawn from several sources including Bennett (1930), Valeri (1985), Kirch(1985),Kolb(1991),and Stokes(1991)that was used to support their interpretations.The attributes include upright stones and coral,mentioned above,prominent location on bluffs and cliff tops,historic ref- erences, area, and several architectural attributes. The architectural attributes consist of depressions (used for bone pits or to support idols),altars,paving,and multiple levels or tiers. The Feature 6 platform is interpreted as a heiau based on its massive area(549.12 sq m),substan- tial construction,tiered surface with pits,and location at the top of a slope that would have overlooked the ocean.Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985:16)conducted historic research concerning the heiau. According to this research,"Information presented by native claimants during the Mahele described the land in Pahoehoe 2 as"Haleolono",a possible reference to a type of heiau dedicated to the major god Lono or more specifi- cally to the thatched house within the temple confines where the highest ranking chiefs remained and the gods themselves were kept". It is possible that the platform is the large heiau in Pahoehoe reported Thrum (1908),which he was not able to relocate. The inability to recognize it may have been the result of appar- ent historic modifications to the site described below. The second major construction episode likely represents the construction of an historic house compound that extended over the surface of the original heiau. The remainder of Feature A was subdivided into eight sub-features by Rosendahl and Rosendabl(1985).These consist of an enclosure that extends to the north from the original heiau(Feature 1),the walled enclosure that extends around the perimeter of the entire feature(Feature 2), a low blister (Feature 3), a soil area occupying the eastern half of the feature (Feature 4),a paved area in the southwestern corner of the feature(Feature 5),a low terrace that abuts the original heiau structure to the east(Feature 7), a wall surrounding the Feature 7 terrace(Feature 8)and a rubble filled depression(Feature 9)located adjacent to Feature 8 to the east. The stone from the original platform apparently was used to construct most of these features reducing the eastern and western walls of the platform to only the basal wall face stones.This later use also is probably responsible for the generally uneven upper surface of the main platform. The Feature 1 enclosure is trapezoidal in shape and is 16.6 in long (east-northeast by west- southwest) and 7.0 m wide. The walls of the enclosure are stacked and faced cobbles and small boulder, ranging in width from 1.0 to 1.4 in. The exterior sides range in height from 0.6 to 0.7 m and the interior southern wall(on the exterior side of the Feature 2 enclosure wall)is 1.7 min height.The northern portion 49 ' (0.�"�::'.o y., ,Emmy rm p Denim - 0 6.0 l.s Ix.o 7a.oa ^.e1:��op000Qoo'•5:O. Barth wall of Mao( S) ►�7.0 4.0 tiato•' o°° o 'WI,. 0 ZO 4.0 6.Om (0.6) . '.ajo o 1,°,.:O o°00 o e .-:•�_•s. Facture 2 ...rim?:. ooSolt '.dei ie•virk .eoo°°0e _- .:r..e:el ////// \C``CC !- � �.• (I.)e ORA" •)�r�t•. yy (0•�, Dor sail - :.,,. ::.• //%/f//„,.,. •.�� ,..„,a...., .. ••=�::7Isi.....r....'„ g ' .;:i:�j• Poeable ticr/ \UiC••••y.��.•• •,• (I. .':jai�:: ///4./"////////\ C'.t,�••••.. '•� '// *// //Possible tic,i••%/)\ '. ... • So0 �l�• (0.95) \ =! •/ / /•7///////////V//t///\ Feature i.„ (0.95) VA////////(,T,x//I////////.'/\c—Estimated origloal entail of Heiau(Feature 6) (I'1) `!S. V: Feature/////////////////////)\��,11, :q �� ///// / /////�/`�//)\ // 911 c� - ie. /!//T'//,Y/////////X///\ ••� //Ai.Z Feature 1�'''�i tIl \////////)\HPossale tier////\///`\// ////; 7 Cr2!;� ��..•& Soil ,.� \`/////////Y/////////n///\'/////.!ii�I C!•:� 4* oda/.'//////) ///I'flume 6 /\\ //\//�'y ...44.1„„' •. °o\/!////// /////////n///\� Soil ) V Basal well tomnea Paiwo 3 '• :°,°o oo \ Possible der \\� 'ii i, oto /.' /// // //////�'!/ •• f •00o 000'A. V!/`(///////\\/////P...14 tie/. ' Feature `••.:0 © Pit .'•• o•lo0:opp \ /n//////Y///////// •'i' ..., j.' •.••:i.•. ;::p°ppeoQ0np0et� {/////)\/////////ia1 (0.15) ( �) •.•�•j:• t :.;��:�:i' .\ °°o0000000•° iA'///// ////////'i>! 0• •.••,...1-••••;,....11....- (OM • • ret =Heigh inmetee _ 0o too o° • �..�pO Opp°O°pp°oop\ ,(////,/,../V/////// moi` . �.. "�i••:•i�.-�•e...�. - Sf direction ''•°o o00po00 po0v.`i/\, /////X///////.i4�6 '�4i;j (•'7� Fcenue2 .o..,..,.., Edge of bedrock outcrop •� �°,:0 c?e 000:4 ///////// ' 4it! ��i►i-•!;• r ''1,...,0°°0000009.'°p Oo°0O0°°•9.e;;:;!' `'.; Wall collector Fealmre 2 t::��r;\ie�.e..�:opepoo° .(°i�P (135) s..•��� a 1:i.CE' . South well of Haien I-/I Uwe=boulders and cobbles ii/ (l1) r °°0 Cobble potm' 8.4 I.northeast coma of Realm Go?. Figure 28.Site 6991,Feature A Plan Map 0 6.0 12.0 18.0ft e 0 2.0 4.0 6.0m South End of Feature A —Sloping soil— I Level cobble pavement cn (0.6) 411.014 0o o".'000o0 j. (03) (0.75) •'0 0°.0a 0000 0 •' Feanere B .000°Ogg Oo000's•A 00:0 0 • fit 0°000°000°°-0`eir pit 025mdeep) �ti oo00°000' • ire • �`0 0 00 0 00 . 0 0 (0.5)• (0 5)=Height to metes vas • 'x400°000000000°o0c`I 0000 *:°0°00 o° °O�00•�.6*•1 � v" Faced side • • 000 �,! O O o ,1410.6.—..— (0 I Slope direction Cobbles ed on• ear- to ( .,,,,,,,i Edge of bedrock outcrop 110 0t�!l�,i:wg�/i.% Site 6350 nail Ng.4/4041,4„0.110.4•81011116.•4 Vicrl•S • Figure 29. Site 6991,Feature B Plan Map of the enclosure consists of a level cobble pavement with the remainder of the interior consisting of level soil. A low platform is located along the interior southern wall and a low north-south wall bisects the inte- rior into two compartments.A ramp leads from the enclosure interior through a gap in the Feature 2 wall to the southeast. The Feature 2 enclosure defines the perimeter of Feature A. This enclosure is 44.5 m long(east- west) and from 27.4 to 37.9 rn, with walls built of stacked cobbles and small boulders that vary in width from 0.9 to 1.5 in and in height from 0.5 to 1.7 m. The remaining sub-features of Feature A are located within the Feature 2 enclosure.The enclosure wall likely served to keep cattle out of the compound based on its construction and height Feature 3 consists of a low lava blister located east of the main heiau structure. It is 1.0 m wide. 0.65 m deep with a ceiling height of 0.4 m. Soil is present inside the blister although no cultural remains were observed. Feature 4 consists of a level soil area that occupies the eastern half of Feature A. It is roughly rectangular in shape and is 25.2 m long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and from 12.5 to 21.3 m wide.This soil-covered area may have been used as a garden. Feature 5 consists of a level cobble pavement located in the southwestern corner of Feature A, bordered by the original heiau(Feature 6)to the east and by the Feature 2 enclosure wall to the north,west and south. The pavement is roughly oval in shape and is 13.3 in long(north-south)and from 2.7 to 5.8 in wide. Feature 7 consists of a boulder and cobble covered terrace that is bordered on the north,east and south by the Feature 8 enclosure wall. The enclosure and terrace are rectangular in shape and measure 9.5 m long(north-northwest by south-southeast)and 4.8 m wide. The enclosure walls vary in width from 0.85 to 1.1 m and in height from 0.5 to 0.8 in,built of stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders. The terrace surface consists of uneven cobbles and boulders with two excavated pits present.Feature 9 consists of a 1.0 m diameter rubble filled depression located adjacent to the Feature 8 enclosure to the east. The surface of the depression is roughly level with the surrounding ground surface. The historic elements of the feature were likely constructed as a house compound.The Feature 6 platform was likely re-utilized as the foundation for a house, with the Feature 2 enclosure functioning to delineate the boundary of a yard(Feature 4).The Feature 1 enclosure and the Feature 7/8 enclosure/terrace may have served as foundations for associated structures.The Feature 5 pavement was likely constructed as an activity area or lanai associated with the main house structure. Alternatively, it is possible that this • pavement may be part of the original heiau. As no cultural remains were noted within the Feature 3 lava blister,it is unclear if it was utilized.Feature A is altered and in fair to good condition. The Feature B platform is situated 8.4 m to the south of the southern end of Feature A.This fea- ture is roughly rectangular in shape(see Figure 29). It varies in length from 5.5 to 9.3 m(north-south)and from 5.4 to 8.0 in wide. It is built adjacent to the eastern side of a bedrock outcrop and is next to the Site 6350 trail to the north.The surface of the platform consists of a level cobble pavement.No cultural remains were noted on the surface though two cobbles set on edge are present in the southwestern corner and an excavated pit is located along the eastern side.The pit is 2.1 m long(east-west), 1.4 m wide and 0.25 m in depth.The sides of the structure consists of stacked and faced cobbles and small boulders,ranging in height from 0.5 to 0.75 m. Feature B is interpreted as a ceremonial feature based on its substantially constructed nature,large size(51.15 sq m),the two cobbles set of edge potentially representing uprights,and its close proximity to the Feature A heiau. Alternatively, the feature may have functioned primarily as a residence, potentially occupied by a chief or priest associated with the heiau.The feature is unaltered and in good condition. Site 6992 Site 6992 is a complex of seven features located in the seaward portion of the project area at c. 38 to 42 ft elevation. The site was initially identified by Barrera(1980) and was subsequently examined by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985). Initially Barrera documented the site as consisting of a U-shaped enclo- 52 sure(Feature A)and a depression that had been excavated into a lava bubble(1980:17-18). The Feature A enclosure was relocated during the inventory survey, along with three small lava blisters(Features B-D), one of which may correspond to the previously identified Feature B. Additional features identified at the site consist of a crude terrace(Feature E)and two walls(Figure 30). Feature A is a U-shaped enclosure located at the northwestern end of the site. This feature is 9.5 m long(northeast by southwest)and 6.75 in wide,open at the northern end.The walls of the feature are constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders and vary in width from 0.65 to 2.0 m and in height from 0.35 to 1.0 m.The east wall of the enclosure abuts a bedrock outcrop,though the remaining walls are free- standing.There are vertical slabs incorporated into the west and south walls, and the interior sides of the east and southeast sides are faced.The exterior sides of the west and south walls have collapsed outward. The interior of the enclosure consists of a level soil deposit with no cultural remains. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-46)was excavated into the surface of the southern wall,revealing an architectural layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 30).Layer I consisted of 0.21 to 0.49 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders. Cultural remains from Layer I consisted of one Cypraea sp. shell(1,5 g). The Layer II deposit consisted of 0.07 to 0.1 m of a very dark grayish brown(1OYR 3/2)silt with 20%pebble inclusions. Cultural remains from Layer II consisted of a small waterworn coral cobble(74.8 g),eight waterworn coral pebbles(11.6 g), 14 Cypraea sp. shells(25.9 g),five Cellana sp. shells(15.1 g),three Echinoid spines(0.7 g),two kukui nut shells(4.7 g),two large fish vertebrae(2.3 g), 18 volcanic glass flakes(12.9 g)and 1.5 grams of charcoal. The Feature B lava blister is located 11.5 m east of Feature A.The entrance consists of a vertical hole in the outcrop that is 1.15 m long (north-south), 0.65 m wide and 0.8 m in depth. An oval-shaped chamber extends to east from the entrance,measuring 2.8 m long(east-west), 1.3 to 2.35 In wide and 0.4 m in height The Feature C blister is located 2.7 m south-southwest of Feature B.The entrance consists of an oval-shaped hole that is 0.7 m long(east-west),0.6 m wide and 0.75 m deep. An oval-shaped chamber ex- tends to the south from the entrance,measuring 1.7 in long(north-south), 1.15 in wide and 0.3 min height. The Feature D blister is situated 5.8 m south of Feature C.The entrance is 0.75 m long(east-west),0.65 m wide and 0.9 m deep,and opens onto an oval chamber that is 2.4 m long(northeast by southwest), 1.55 m wide and 0.25 in in height Several cobbles are piled along the east side of the Feature D entrance. The floor within the Feature B-D blisters consists of soil with no cultural remains. These features do not appear to be purposely excavated, as postulated by Barrera(1980),but rather are natural features. No modifications to the blisters were noted except the piled cobbles adjacent to the Feature D entrance. A crude terrace is located adjacent to the south of the Feature A enclosure(Feature E). Barrera notes the presence of associated terraces,but does not describe them.The terrace has two tiers that extend to the south of the southwest corner of Feature A. The main tier is roughly L-shaped and is 5.4 m long (north-south)and from 1.6 to 2.8 m wide.The second tier is located above the main tier to the north and is 4.0 in long(northwest by southeast)and 1.0 in wide. The retaining walls of the terrace tiers are built of piled cobbles and small boulders,ranging in height from 0.5 to 0.9 in.No cultural remains were present. Two crudely piled cobble and small boulder walls are located adjacent to the Feature E terrace to the south and southeast(Features F and G).Feature F is roughly L-shaped and is 3.3 m long(north-south) and 2.6 m northeast by southwest.The wall varies in width from 0.6 to 0.7 m and in height from 0.3 to 0.65 m.The Feature G wall is linear and discontinuous,measuring 4.6 in long(northwest by southeast),0.25 to 0.4 m wide and 0.25 to 0.3 min height No cultural remains were found in association with the walls. Site 6992 is interpreted as a permanent habitation site based primarily on the large area(64.1 sq m)and substantial construction(faced sides,vertical slabs)of the Feature A enclosure. It is possible that the Feature B-D blisters may have been utilized as associated storage areas.The Feature E terrace and Fea- tures F and G walls may have served as ancillary features used in conjunction with the occupation of Fea- ture A,potentially functioning to delineate activity areas.The site is unaltered and in good condition. 53 !'�li,,J, . . /:- ; 0 6.0 12.0 18.0ft dole(035) '` . 0 2.0 4.0 6.0w vel!► (03) telt& III td`�rShy 1 _Lovelaeil— L���I (0 L W (0.4) ir.y^,S Feature A Soil C.irk opi• ' „ • : ` %'/ ..� • % N :, (0.15) (09)w .�M Vatiwi hole :�� • Femme 0 ll�~ 111-46 'I'r (0.8 m deep) (0.4) r Veadnlstab���•�a Vendee!slab d'''M.1�:`:J i (0.78) 04.�,�t# *��: •'I��I L k\t. `�Ll •.'�I.j� ✓ Feature C Vortical halo l`ltlll Iy.+w w v''',..4..,`-'` .-, (0.6) (0.7Sm deep) (1.0) C`lkkz ' `L"LL`ice • ♦ 03 Sail 5,C d►. Damm , .e. C.((�' --�r— ( (lr, . I Pcsme B (. (V40 at (OS O 5) (0.9) ( 0 8) �.`f ( .^( " t .,( a ��'.1 (0.85)(( M 'i-:^-,.il Hart Face it —,.; .., 0 • at�s M ,' '� Vadral bole , .�a,41`'t, FeaLaeD (09mdeep) •k�./�y,�II II' v v vim'� t Feature G ♦ , (0.75) (0.5) �j•+ : Site 6993 Site 6993 is an L-shaped wall located in the seaward portion of the project area at c. 30 ft eleva- tion.This site was initially identified by Barrera(1980)and was also examined by Rosendahl and Rosen- dahl (1985). Both of these earlier studies interpreted Site 6993 as a habitation C-shape and a crude plan map of the site is presented in the Barrera(1980)report.The area where Site 6993 was reportedly located was carefully examined during the inventory survey and the L-shaped wall described below was the only feature that roughly corresponded to that described during the previous studies.The L-shape is 7.4 m long (east-west)and 4.4 m wide(north-south)and is located in an area of uneven soil and low outcrops(Figure 31).The walls are built of crudely piled cobbles and small boulders and vary in width from 0.5 to 1.25 m and in height from 0.2 to 0.8 m.A 0.5 m wide gap is present in the southern wall.No cultural remains were present.The informal method of construction of the L-shape,orientation open to the prevailing wind,and the absence of cultural remains indicates an agricultural function.The site is unaltered and in fair condition. Site 6994 Site 6994 is a complex of four features located in the southwestern portion of the project area at c. 20 ft elevation.The site was initially identified by Barrera(1980)and was also documented by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).The site was initially identified as a complex comprised of eight features consisting of a platform(Feature A),two walls(Feature B and C)and five mounds(Features D-H). Brief descriptions of these features are presented in the earlier studies, and a sketch plan map of the site is presented in Barrera(1980).The site is bisected by the Site 6350 trail. A total of five of the original features of the site were positively correlated during the inventory survey.These consists of Features A,B,D,E,and F;however,the features were re-classified as three plat- forms(Features A,E and F),an enclosure(Feature B)and a small faced mound(Feature D).The three re- maining features of the site could not be positively correlated. Several agricultural mounds and modified outcrops were present in the general site vicinity,but none resembled burial features. The distribution of the five identified features is presented in Figure 32. Feature A is an irregularly-shaped platform located at the northwestern end of the site. It is 10.8 m long(north-northwest by south-southeast)and from 3.75 to 6.25 m wide. The sides of the structure are constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders, ranging in height from 0.7 to 1.2 m.The Feature B enclosure extends to the west-southwest from Feature A.The west side of Feature A(east side of Feature B)is faced.The surface of the feature consists of uneven cobbles and small boulders, with a level cobble pavement located in the approximate center.This paved area is 4.25 m long(east-west)and 2.0 m wide. A fragment of branch coral is adjacent to the pavement to the north. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-32) was excavated into the paved area in the southeastern corner. This excavation revealed a stone layer (Layer I) overlying a soil deposit (Layer II) that rests on bedrock (see Figure 32). Layer I consisted of 0.3 to 032 m of tightly packed pebbles,cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Layer II consisted of a very dark grayish brown(1OYR 3/2)silt with 30%pebble and cobble inclusions. A human cranium was identified in the northeastern corner of the unit at 0.57 m be- low the surface of the platform. The excavation of TU-32 was terminated when the human remains were encountered. Additional cultural remains recovered from Layer II consisted of two waterworn basalt peb- bles(25.7 g), 11 waterworn coral pebbles(16.5 g),one volcanic glass flake(1.8 g),three Cypraea sp. shells (1.9 g),two Echinoid spines(1.7 g),a coral abrader(10.5 g-37 nun long,30 mm wide, 14 mm thick),and 0.8 grams of charcoal.The presence of habitation-related portable remains in the test unit fill indicates that the burial is potentially an intrusive feature in a pre-existing habitation deposit;however,no burial pit was visible in the deposit.The absence of a pit alternatively may indicate that the burial pre-dates habitation use of the feature. The Feature B enclosure extends to the west-southwest from the western side of the Feature A platform.The main portion of the feature is 7.5 to 10.0 m long(east-northeast by west-southwest)and 8.75 55 L (08 0 hAlliat (0.4) MAI (0.� NAT —Uneven soil and low outcrops ���vo (0.45) (0.6) e r date . Weil ategil i. (0.3)sár: jXVICitnitlikir am 1�7 W.nat1104. ek :.,., (0.2) (0.3) (0.4) (0.45) (0.5)=Height in meters 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m Figure 31. Site 6993 Plan Map 56 Branch coral Level cobble pavement Edge of bedrock outcrop ' •ecz ,... Faced side 0.6 .�:a,fil • r•• %•J;;••,i;•4 0.5)=Height in meters Feature B �.�����I��•' 1��!�,^;,••�' �•4 1 Slope direction ft!? •allte•teAr Feature A ` ( 2-) j Wall collapse I. • pri!(0.6) .m4: 0.8) 'r Level soil (0.75) 1/74s61+741 (0.4) p!e'er..., (0.75) i'f' Feature D (0.8) 113-30 0 9.0 18.0 27.Oft I (1.4 3.0 O Soil and low outcrops— i,�.t 0 3.0 6.0 9.0m (0•6) Sitc 6350 trail TU-32 North Face • 0 I` ek.1111 I •. 01111.111204� • (0.95) Feature E . �,�e�:� • r`� �; sr. l Main tin 073A b • fr I I J, Human cranium ::��:�'!` (_Iia;i►'�•�. ,� (0.6) 1 tariliil • ��.t r.�.� ... � l..Itf� 0 100cm • :.�t 4. (1 0).,,•;I;..4!, Lower tier Layer I-Tightly packed pebbles,cobbles • •{.• (03) and boulders;No cultrtul remains Feature F TU-33 (0 6) . Layer B-Very dark grayish brown(10YR 3R) ,A' r silt with 30%pebble and cobble '7C:•.►ii yi inclusions;Human remains and •r..17 !�� i„' . is .,A'.nt;4.. cultural materials (0.9) t! i::� ;;: ! TU-33 4 •:i �i4 East Face L,-.1-'21-' 0.6) 0 _.•g��s „. ✓ O� � —Soil and II w outcrops— , 41111 TU-30 East Face 0 100cm PA i r��j��i Layer I-Tightly packed cobbles and small 0 100cm �,`*`f� boulders;No cultural remains 1 Layer 1-Tightly packed pebbles,cobbles and _� ��• Layer LI-Very dark brown(7.5YR 25:2)silt boulders;Cultural remains present I OOcm ' with l0°/.cobble and pebble ,�� inclusions;No cultural�^`•i^s Layer H-Very dant grayish brown(10YR 3/2) �llli�� / alt with 30%pebble and cobble inclusions; 0 100cm Cultural remains present Figure 32. Site 6994 Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 30, 32 and 33 57 to 10.75 m wide. The walls are built of stacked cobbles and small boulders, ranging in width from 1.3 to 2.2 m and in height from 0.6 to 1.2(against Feature A).A linear pile of cobbles and small boulders extends to the west from the northwestern corner of the enclosure.Portions of the east and south interior sides of the enclosure walls are faced.The interior of the enclosure consists of a level soil deposit with no cultural remains present Feature E is a two-tiered rectangular platform located 2.5 m south of the Site 6350 trail, in the southeastern portion of the site.The platform is 6.5 m long(north-northwest by south-southeast)and 4.5 m wide. The upper tier occupies the majority of the feature, measuring 5.25 m long (north-northwest by south-southeast)and 4.5 m wide.The sides of the tier are built of stacked cobbles and small boulders rang- ing in height from 0.6 to 1.1 m.The surface of this tier consists of uneven cobbles and small boulders.Por- tions of the sides have collapsed outward though intact faced sections are present on the west and northeast sides. The lower tier abuts the upper tier to the south-southeast. It is 1.25 m wide and extends across the width of the feature.This tier is 0.5 m below the surface of the upper tier and may have functioned as a step up onto the upper tier. The surface is also comprised of uneven cobbles and small boulders. No cultural remains were present Feature F is a rectangular platform located 10.0 m southwest of Feature E. It is 4.5 to 5.75 m long (north-northwest by south-southeast)and 4.1 to 4.3 m wide. The sides have mostly collapsed,although an intact faced section is present along the western side at the northern end.The sides vary in height from 0.4 to 0.9 m and the surface consists of level but unpaved cobbles and small boulders. No cultural remains were present A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-33)was excavated into the platform at its northern end,revealing an architectural layer(Layer I),over a soil deposit(Layer II)overlying bedrock(see Figure 32). Layer I con- sisted of 0.55 to 0.63 in of tightly packed cobbles,pebbles and small boulders.Cultural remains from Layer I consisted of two kukui nut shells (1.0 g). Layer II was comprised of 0.2 to 0.33 m of very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2)silt with 30%pebble and cobble inclusions. Cultural remains from Layer II consisted of five small waterworn coral cobbles(132.0 g),four waterworn coral pebbles(7.4 g), 14 Cypraea sp. shells (14.2 g),three Echinoid spines(2.1 g),one kukui nut shell(1.2 g),ten volcanic glass flakes(3.6 g),and 1.8 grams of charcoal. Feature G is a small faced mound located 6.5 m north of the Site 6350 trail and 10.5 m southeast of Feature A.The mound is 2.0 m long(east-west)and 1.5 m wide and varies in height from 0.6 to 1.4 m. The north, south and west sides are stacked and faced cobbles and small boulders and the eastern side has collapsed outward.The surface is uneven cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-30)was excavated into the center of mound,revealing a stone layer (Layer 1),over a soil deposit(Layer II)over bedrock(see Figure 32). Layer I consisted of 0.6 to 0.8 m of tightly packed cobbles, pebbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer H was comprised of 0.03 to 0.3 m of very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) silt with 10%pebble and cobble inclusions. No cultural remains were recovered from TU-30. Site 6994 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex with a burial. The Feature A,E and F platforms likely functioned as the foundation for permanent habitation structures based on their formal type, substantial construction (faced sides and paved surface at Feature A) and areas (Feature A - 54.0 sq m; Feature E-29.2 sq m; Feature F-21.5 sq m). As mentioned above,a burial was interred in Feature A. The Feature B enclosure potentially functioned as an ancillary feature serving to delineate the boundaries of a yard,and the Feature G faced mound may have served as associated site furniture.The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. 58 Site 6995 Site 6995 is a crude terrace located in the seaward portion of the project area at c. 30 ft elevation. The site was initially identified by Barrera (1980) and was subsequently re-examined by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).The examination of the terrace during the inventory survey indicates the terrace is com- prised of a linear retaining wall that is 5.5 m long(north-south),0.8 to 1.2 m wide and from 0.45 to 0.9 m in height.The area inland of the retaining wall consists of an uneven soil deposit and low outcrops with no cultural remains present.Numerous agricultural features surround the terrace. Site 6995 is interpreted as an agricultural planting feature based on its informal construction and absence of cultural remains. It is unal- tered and in fair condition. Site 9850 Site 9850 was previously identified by Hommon and Rosendahl as complex of 17 features located in the seaward portion of the project area,inland of the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall at elevations ranging from c. 90 to 125 ft.The site was subsequently re-examined by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)although little additional information was presented. The features as briefly described in the earlier reports consisted of six terraces(Features C-G and I),three mounds(Features H,1 and N), three C-shapes(Features B,K and Q), two L-shapes(Features M and 0), an enclosure (Feature A), a platform (Feature L), and a modified outcrop. Two plan maps of the features of the site are presented in the Rosendahl and Rosendahl report (1985:23 and 24),but the Feature Q C-shape is not depicted in either figure.The area surrounding the site was carefully examined during the inventory survey,but none of the identified features could be correlated with Feature Q.A bulldozer swath extends through the eastern portion of the site and it is possible that Fea- ture Q may have been located in this area. The examination of the site during the inventory survey resulted in re-classifying several of the features.The features consist of an enclosure(Feature A),an L-shape(Feature B),six terraces(Features C- G and l),six mounds(Features H,I,L-N and P)and two modified outcrops(Features K and 0).Of the 16 identified features,only 13 are present within the project area.Three of the features(Features B,C and D) of the site are located within the Alii Highway Corridor. The distribution of the 16 identified features is presented in Figure 33. Feature A is a rectangular enclosure bordered by a bedrock outcrop, located on a raised knoll at the western end of the site.It is 5.95 m long(north-south)and from 3.8 to 4.6 m wide.The north and south sides are comprised of stacked cobble and small boulder walls that range in width from 0.8 to 1.0 m and in height from 0.5 to 1.3 m. The interior north and south sides are faced. The western wall consists of a low rubble berm that is 0.2 to 0.4 min height.The east side abuts a 1.5 m high bedrock outcrop.The interior of the enclosure is comprised of a level soil with scattered marine shells. Features B,C and D are located outside the project area boundaries, within the Alii Highway Corridor.Feature B is an L-shaped enclosure located to the southwest of Feature A. Feature C is a terrace with a level paved surface located adjacent to Feature B to the south and Feature D is a crude terrace situ- ated to southeast of Feature C. Feature E is a sloping terrace retaining wall located below Feature A to the east.The wall is built of piled cobbles and small boulders and is 7.6 m long(north-south)and from 1.3 to 3.6 m wide.The height of the wall ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 m and the surface is uneven and irregular with no cultural remains pre- sent. Feature F is a crude terrace located downslope of Feature E to the northeast.This feature is built of piled cobbles and small boulders with a sloping retaining wall located on the eastern,downslope side. It is 7.5 m long(north-northwest by south-southeast), 1.15 to 2.3 m wide and averages 0.5 m in height.The sur- face is uneven and irregular and no cultural remains were present. Feature G is a linear terrace located to the east of Feature F. It is 15.3 m long (east-west) and from 1.0 to 2.1 m wide.The retaining wall is constructed of sloping cobble and small boulder nibble that 59 I Bdge of bixtrocr ee°op Peam>o K (0 n'` (0.25) vFaced side r '. ., Poaauo L •. 'servo 0 (0.4) (0.5)-Hs(g61 in motors Soil (0.3) `� i' 1.6) Feril ature P I Slaps ditecth ( c - '.. o.n vitt 0.75) (per i , Wall collapse (03) a 11)) (OAS) (h.• (0.0) . (0.4) —Uneven soil and outaope— (0.8) Pesaue0 (0.8) r Fame=M 0.8) (0.8) .r, : angles down to the north. The surface consists of uneven cobbles and small boulders with no cultural re- mains. Feature H is an oval-shaped mound located to the northwest of Feature F.The mound is 4.6 m long (north-south),3.5 m wide and from 0.7 m in height,built of piled cobbles and small boulders.The surface is uneven and no cultural remains were present. Feature I is a mound located to the southeast of Feature F. It is oval shaped and is 3.0 m long (east-west),2.65 m wide and from 0.5 to 0.8 in in height,with an uneven surface and no cultural remains. The feature is constructed of piled cobbles and small boulders. Feature J is a crude terrace located downslope of Feature F to the southeast. It is irregularly shaped and is 3.35 m long(north-south),2.3 m with a 0.6 in high retaining wall on the eastern,downslope side.The surface is irregular and uneven and no cultural remains were present Feature K was previously identified by Hommon and Rosendahl (1983) as a C-shape although examination of the feature during the inventory survey indicates it is simply comprised of linear piles of cobbles and small boulders built against the western side of a low outcrop, giving it the appearance of a rough C-shape. The northern pile is 3.5 m long (east-west), 1.3 to 1.5 m wide and 0.5 m in height.The south pile is 4.6 m long(east-west), 1.3 to 1.6 In wide and 0.45 m high. A third pile is located perpendicu- larly to the second,at its western end.This pile is 5.6 m long(north-south), 1.2 to 1.5 m wide and 0.3 m in height.The area between the piles consists of a soil deposit with no cultural remains present Feature L was previously identified by Hommon and Rosendahl (1983)as a platform,although examination of it during the survey indicates that it is more accurately described as an oval mound 3.3 m long(northwest by southeast),2.5 m wide and from 0.4 to 0.75 m in height The feature is located adjacent to Feature K to the east.The surface is relatively level with no cultural remains present.A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-7)was excavated into the center of the mound,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)resting on bedrock(see Figure 33).Layer I consists of 0.6 to 0.75 in of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains present.Layer II consisted of 0.03 to 0.12 in of a dark brown(7.5YR 3/3) silt with 30%pebble and gravel inclusions. No cultural remains were recovered from Layer H. Feature M is an irregularly-shaped mound of cobbles and small boulders previously interpreted by Hommon and Rosendahl(1983)as an L-shape.The mound is 5.6 m long(east-west),from 1.3 to 2.3 m wide and from 0.5 to 0.9 m in height The surface is uneven and irregular and no cultural remains were present.Feature N is an oval mound located to the south of Feature G. It is 3.8 in long(north-south),2.3 m wide and from 0.5 to 0.6 m in height,with an uneven surface and no cultural remains. Feature 0 is an irregularly-shaped modified outcrop located east of Feature L. The feature is 2.2 m long(north-south), 1.1 to 1.5 m wide and 0.25 m in height,consisting of a crude pile of cobbles and small boulders located on a low bedrock outcrop. Feature P was previously identified by Hommon and Rosendahl(1983)as an L-shape,although examination of it during the inventory survey indicates it is more accurately described as an irregularly-shaped mound that is 3.5 m long(northwest by southeast), 1.6 to 2.0 m wide and 0.4 m in height The surface is uneven and irregular and no cultural remains were present Feature Q was not depicted on the two site maps presented in the Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985)report and it could not be correlated with any of the features identified in this area during the inven- tory survey.This feature was identified by Hommon and Rosendahl(1983)as a C-shape. Site 9850 is interpreted as a permanent habitation site with associated agricultural features. The Feature A enclosure is interpreted as the foundation for a permanent habitation structure based on its formal type, substantial construction(faced sides) and area(24.9 sq m). Features B and C are likely also perma- nent habitation features,but they are outside the project area and were not recorded.The remaining features of the site are interpreted as agricultural features based on their informal and absence of cultural remains. The site is altered and in fair condition. 61 Site 24272 Site 24272 is complex of agricultural features that were previously documented by Clark et al. (2005)during a survey that extended across the Lands of Pahoehoe IC and 2'at elevations ranging from c. 260 to 330 ft Clark et al. (2005.26) identified 534 features, although only 213 were present within the boundaries of their survey area Of these 213 features, 44 are present within the current project area(see Figure 6). The 44 features in the present survey area were relocated during the project but were not as- signed temporary field designations as they each contained metal site tags recently placed by Clark et al. (2005).No cultural remains were noted on the surface of the site. The 44 features of Site 24272 consist of 33 terraces, ten mounds and a terrace. The physical char- acteristics of these features are summarized in Table 5.The modified outcrops ranged in length from 1.2 to 7.1 m(averaging 3.6 m),in width from 1.1 to 5.1 in(averaging 2.1 m)and in height from 0.3 to 1.5(aver- aging 0.8 m).The majority of these features were built of piled cobbles or cobbles and boulders,although one feature(Feature 534)has stacked stones.This feature is roughly rectangular in shape and is 3.3 m long, 2.0 in wide and 0.9 m in height and was more formally constructed than most of the other features of the site(Figure 34). Clark et al.(2005:38)excavated two 1.0 by 1.0 in test units into the surface of Feature 534.These units revealed similar stratigraphy consisting of a stone layer(Layer I),over a soil deposit(Layer II),over bedrock(see Figure 34).Layer I consisted of 0.2 to 0.8 in of cobbles and boulders and Layer H was com- prised of 0.02 to 0.1 m of a dark brown(7.5YR 3/3) silt with 40%gravel and small cobble inclusions. No cultural remains were present in TU-11 and a single volcanic glass flake was present at the Layer I/II inter- face in TU-16. The presence of the volcanic glass flake led Clark et a1. (2005)to interpret the feature as a possible agricultural processing area.Alternatively,they postulate that the modified outcrop may have sim- ply functioned as a formal clearing feature. The 10 mounds within the project area varied in length from 1.7 to 5.1 m (averaging 2.7 m), in width from 1.2 to 2.7 m(averaging 1.7 m)and in height from 0.2 to 0.8 in(averaging 0.45 m).These fea- tures are also built of piled cobbles, with one feature (Feature 501) also containing boulders. The terrace (Feature 507) is a 13.0 m long linear feature that was 1.3 m wide and 0.7 m in height. Clark et al. (2005) interpreted the features of Site 24272 as agricultural clearing piles that were created by clearing surface stones from soil area Site 24379 Site 24379 was previously identified by Clark et al. (2005)as an alignment of stones located in the inland portion of the project area at c.300 ft elevation.The examination of the structure during the current project indicates that it is more accurately described as a low platform that spans the western end of sea- sonal drainage(Figure 35).The main portion of the platform is 12.0 m in length(north-northwest by south- southeast) and 2.5 to 3.2 m wide. Scattered cobbles and small boulders extend to the southeast from the main portion of the site. The sides of the platform are collapsed and vary in height from 0.2 to 0.4 m and the surface is comprised of level but unpaved cobbles and pebbles. Many of the stones at the site are wa- terworn,likely collected from the drainage.No cultural remains were present. Clark et al. (2005) excavated a 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit (TU-13) along the inland side of the plat- form, revealing a single layer of stones over bedrock(sec Figure 35). Layer I was comprised of 0.9 m of cobbles,pebbles and small boulders,with smaller stones located near the surface. The only cultural remain recovered from this unit consisted of a fragment of metal("tin sheet")present at 0.2 m below the surface. Clark et al. (2005)assigned Site 24379 an indeterminate function although they postulate that the structure may have functioned as a water control feature,a walkway across a seasonally swampy or flooded area, or an agricultural feature. The location of the platform at the seaward end of the drainage indicates that a flood control function is the most likely interpretation.The site is nnaltered and in poor to fair condi- tion. 62 Table 5. Summary of Site 24272 Agricultural Features Clark et al. Length Width Height (2105)Fea. Type (m) (m) (m) Shape Construction No. 491 Mound 2.50 2.70 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles 492 Modified Outuup 2.40 1.40 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles 493 Modified Outcrop 4.20 2.10 1.00 Oval Piled cobbles 494 Mound 2.10 1.20 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles 495 Modified Outcrop 1.60 1.30 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles 496 Modified Outcrop 4.70 1.20 1.00 Oval Piled cobbles 497 Modified Outcrop 2.20 1.20 060 Irregular Piled cobbles 498 Modified Outcrop 2.80 1.80 0.30 Oval Piled cobbles 499 Modified Outcrop 6.40 5.10 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles 500 Mound 2.10 2.00 0.20 Oval Piled cobbles 501 Mound 2.80 1.40 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 502 Modified Outcrop 4.40 2.30 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 503 Modified Outcrop 2.40 1.70 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles 504 Modified Outcrop 5.60 240 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles 505 Modified Outcrop 3.00 2.30 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles 506 Modified Outcrop 3.30 2.20 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles 507 Terrace 13.00 1.30 0.70 Linear Stvciced and piled cobbles and small boulders ! 508 Modified Outcrop 2.40 1.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles 509 Modified Outcrop 1.20 1.10 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles 510 Modified Outcrop 5.80 2.50 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles 511 Modified Outcrop 6.80 4.10 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 512 Modified Outcrop 2.40 1.70 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles I 513 Modified Outcrop 2.50 2.30 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles 514 Mound 2.40 2.10 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles 515 Modified Outcrop 1.70 1.40 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles 516 Modified Outcrop 5.50 2.30 0.80 Linear Piled cobbles 517 Modified Outcrop 2.80 2.80 1.00 Irregular Piled cobbles 518 Modified Outcrop 7.10 2.80 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 519 Modified Outcrop 2.80 2.60 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles 520 Mound 2.90 1.20 0.20 Oval Piled cobbles 521 Mound 2.00 1.60 0.50 Oval , Piled cobbles 522 Modified Outcrop 5.50 1.20 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 523 Modified Outcrop 2.50 1.80 1.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 524 Mound 1.90 1.50 0.30 Oval Piled cobbles 525 Modified Outcrop 2.10 1.30 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles 526 Modified Outcrop 3.00 1.60 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles 527 Mound 1.70 1.50 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles 528 Modified Outcrop 3.60 2.30 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles 529 Modified Outcrop 2.70 2.40 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 530 Modified Outcrop 2.50 1.30 0.80 Irregular Pled cobbles 531 Modified Outcrop 4.30 1.60 0.80 Oval Pled cobbles 532 Modified Outcrop 3.10 2.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles 533 Mound 5.10 1.50 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles 534 Modified Outcrop 3.30 2.00 0.90 Rectangular Stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders 63 Feature 534 plan view it t�I lal jL ,t1 i 4000114 4j16•40=4,1111147. • ;fit medligAlipasella weigasit f.t Cb Stacked �tl Bedrock — Dozer push rm+ 4, Grass 0 Tree 0 .5 I I I Scale in meters TU-16 cast wall profile. TU-1 I west all profile. III PI I .11.90,141 „mss. .��,I �.i ww.s��*S ��7II IIr.I.t _ 41% .4►��� Bedrock —II II II II Layer II Layer I-Architectural layer consisting of small to large pdhochoe cobbles and boulders. Bedrock Layer II-Very dark brown(7.5YR 3/3)fine silt containing II I I I�II approximately 40%gravel and small cobbles. 0 10 20 Scale in centimeters Figure 34. Site 24272,Feature 534 Plan Map and Profiles of TU-11 and TU-16 modified from Clark et al. (2005:37) 64 Drainage outlet / I `1 I Ir r F 0 4 8 I I l A Sitc 2379 Scale in meters n ?40,TU•13 } � 4 Sitee •a!'ia: o r\ ... Feature 507 ' tt;. .% Level soil y. Stacked ..p�nn p�, zi fill Bedrock Ory .r �: OD O . 1\ ���(J)j� O0 _e clJ Tree � „/ Slope Level soil : A. V ( ---) o ya o. of A. Site 6984 \ i. Feature D \\� y . TU-13 north wall profile n io .o sc.ic a ccr.s.va y �gdi 04,1:0 rO At ha ec WC/g4470,20A ii ikatAlattlitieriel ,. ��;It , �M4111=10�, Laer l 1 .1*4k Bedrock Layer I-Architectural layer consisting of size sorted stones mixed with a small amount of very dark brown (IOYR 2/2)silt. Figure 35. Site 24379 Plan Map and TU-13 North Face Profile modified from Clark et al. (2005:62) 65 Site 24380 Site 24380 is a complex of two features located in the inland third of the project area at elevations P a ns ranging from c. 278 to 290 R The site was initially documented by Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985)as Site T-I9, a complex consisting of a wall, an enclosure, two mounds and two modified outcrops located within the enclosure. Clark et al. (2005)assigned the wall its current State site number, but they did not record the other features because the features were outside of their project area. Rosendahl and Rosendahl interpreted the mounds and modified outcrops in the site as agricultural clearing features. The interior of the enclosure(Feature B) in which these features are located was exam- ined during the inventory survey. A total of five features were present in the enclosure,consisting of three modified outcrops and two mounds. These features are interpreted as informally constructed agricultural clearing piles and as they do not differ from the numerous agricultural features surrounding Site 24380, they have reclassified as components of the larger Site 24550 agricultural complex (discussed below; see Figure 6). The modified outcrops consist of Features CW, CX and CZ and the mounds are comprised of Features CY and DA. The wall(Feature A)extends between the Site 6352 wall in the south and the Site 6381 wall in the north,a distance of 139.5 m(north-northwest by south-southeast).No evidence of the wall is present to the north or south of these walls. There are three breaks in the wall;one at the south end, one in the approxi- mate center and one in the northern portion. There is a gate spanning the southern break and wire fencing extending across the remaining breaks.The remaining portions of the wall are intact The Feature A wall is constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders with a core-filled interior of cobbles and small boulders (Figure 36). It varies in width at the base from 0.9 to 1.1 m and at the top from 0.65 to 0.75 m. The upslope (eastern) side of the wall ranges in height from 1.1 to 1.2 m. The downslope(western)side has a maximum height of 1.7 m. No cultural remains were present The Feature B enclosure is located on the western side of the Feature A wall at its northern end (see Figure 6).The enclosure is 55.5 m in length and from 14.0 to 32.0 m wide(Figure 37).The walls are constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders and range in width at the base from 1.0 to 1.4 m and at the top from 0.6 to 0.7 m.The height of the enclosure walls range from 1.0 to 1.5 m.The interior consists of a level soil deposit with low outcrops. A 55 gallon metal drum and a roll of wire fencing material is lo- cated inside the enclosure at the north end. An aluminum gate is incorporated into the western wall at its southern end. Features A and B at Site 24380 are interpreted as livestock control features based on their height and method of construction.The Feature A wall was likely used to divide the parcel into paddocks and the Feature B enclosure functioned as a livestock corral.The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 24533 Site 24533 is an enclosure located in the northeast corner of the project area at c. 460 ft elevation (see Figure 6). The site was identified during the inventory survey. The enclosure incorporates the Site 4591 wall on the east side and the Site 6381 wall of on the north side with overall dimensions of 9.5 m long(north-south)by 9.25 m wide and is partially open on the west. A barbed wire fence extends along the top of the Site 6381 wall and a lariat is wrapped around a post that supports the fence. A wooden gate is located at the intersection of the Site 4591 and 6381 walls,on the east side of the enclosure.The southern wall is comprised of a curvilinear wall that is built of stacked and faced cobble and small boulders with a narrow core-filed interior of cobbles.It is 0.65 to 0.9 m wide and from 0.65 to 1.25 m.This wall originates against the western side of Site 4591 and extends 2.2 m to the southwest.It then angles to the south for 2.5 m and turns to the west-southwest for 5.8 m. The wall then angles to the north-northwest, forming the southwestern side of the enclosure. It is 3.5 m long,0.8 m wide and 0.6 m in height,built of piled cobbles and small boulders. 66 • , '.-,,,-*:- .,-'4.r.';'•-,=:.,..,—,: i :z1,;,;.:.3:- •- — • . , - ' ' ,-.•. '1' ;:,,; -,.:;:v: .' ,;'':,4,,,, ' . • , . , I ,6..; .(;,. . • • , .. . • . .-. , -.,‘ , .4. ..,. . .., . !,--1-• . ‘•. ,:y • , /.', •. -- •,.. - • ‘•( i , A‘,• .. ..,,,,, . t -)4•••.. ••••. : .% •.... A. .S., ,.. .t ••\ • ..,... \ • I ,,s'• "`--.. — ,-.. .••-:•..t'i ,, • . .1', ...'• % .41:4 ? ‘..,,...: 'S"...`%.,:,,d' - izt„..'1,, r.-, -' ‘....,s.... I.,,• \ .....‘r.....,:,,0„....z.....:‘, ..e.i.s. . I.1:ie............,,, ' f,..41!. - ''. ....i...04 •,;'''. , 4 . • 4, -''' '‘j)4 \t'' '-s1;..X :I- :•.:1' •.. . 4 -.1 r 44. '-'",, i 1, , '- IL, A • e., 4 31..''.'.' , ,I i' , .7,1.• ' * .74," 1 ,4„,i,, 1 , 1 - , -‘1,..., 31., «,,,,.i'. .., ,"` -/ , 'IA=..,•I (...-.1 ,,,LI 'r , ,,, t t, • (' •...,. c....lc-- I A ..14"%,"1.. ..:4 i' • , . ''.• , . it .t.t,-,--- ' "...1 1 r "rt.', '7' • ' %. . .` ..' I' - O., tAt• •. ' ..i A.% ''',LZ 'I; .* • .4 ' .. 4 „..? .,, .,I , , .,, . . .. .. ....\,,„$4 .;- . ". i ,i -..'.:1-, r.( .'t.t,,t; t.• r%(.- -. - . ' 1. - - •, .:4 .... ?",6,.. , ,.... .‘ 4.1,,,,N, t,,..i,N, . .,,. . _ '. .,, •%". it'. ...-'.....,. v,-; i ., .1...t ./1 ' 0.-, -.'.-..,- . .= .i.: ,.. .,'t't-f. , .. . -,-4.‘" ''..i • .1". ' , ' Figure 36. Site 24380,Feature A Wall,view to west .._ ., .., , . 1 • a. 'i .... •"r ngr...,.# 0 sAcfrt . . . Z'ef.'s,'42 . - -.4- ' 4 '-44:"41.,. - -," • N'i4/1 i'.' •- .- 7..... . , 4. --- / . , :: , •, .,,s, • . ...•.0.; . . .. --•...:---,..4.,—::-F••• ',„`,..:., .. ..... -- • , . • , , , %f.-',/ . ' ) s ' I -,----.n. • 4 . *, -.,,a ' , .; ... I ' • '..- .., : . •i • ( .. '' i II"\'''' 1.*' 7 , t , , is ,, ..4 4,, _ ..k . ..i-..„-.4.--,:-.f. ,-.A..?--:. - ,,,, , , ...„..,„ e 1 , II,,- ".• 7• -,.. t. ,...4,. , , .= ..- .., . , ,'.,' . ,`• . ) , 'g.:,: . P i'..3in.' ),f s-4--'• •..)t '. • 2 , -•• 4'1 4 It;'5' .,, - . ...... • . , ,, ....-- ... -..-.,;,... ...,.....;,.. .„...i,-..,,,,.;.,..2„i.,. , ,,, '••••.`4" ._. .'-'44.1,:t1t^kir-...-. ....'C' '.•',,i•* ` , i ,. . - . q•:. ';•;',... .11.4. *:=.".-.,f‘s..,r...,,-Z-.....,..e,.... • ,,..,.' . -: -44, '4,1::-..hit47:"..-14)._,,.--:9.sibA%:4-44 4 • • •-0•''''"4 44"''' ''.. -'2,4'.,-;Vv;77--44-1. --- .... .. .,_,,,,,,,,, I, ., .2„......v...... - ---- 'N " ' ,4( ,e'' .4.1 •-t , P ' --.N1,, • t..• '\:.1-''''' ot• f 4.1 ... '' '* , ' ?*/••• Z-Ai,' •• '. y . 1 •:„,:.-43-,,..-.0.:4.1,--kivAL % --,,, - -?...„, 14,- .. 140\ Figure 37. Site 24380, Feature B Enclosure wall,view to west 67 The interior consists of a level soil deposit with no cultural rernaine present. A creosote-coated post is located within the enclosure in the north-central portion.Site 24533 is interpreted as an historic live- stock corral based on formal type,size and its relationship to the Site 4591 and 6381 walls. The site is un- altered and in fair to good condition. Site 24534 Site 24534 is an irregularly shaped walled terrace located in the inland of the project area at c.420 ft elevation. The site was identified during the inventory survey. The west and south sides of the terrace consist of a crude retaining wall constructed of piled pahoehoe cobbles and boulders. A bedrock outcrop borders the terrace on the north side. The terrace is oriented northwest by southeast and is 7.5 m long by 4.5 m wide(Figure 38). Short sections of stacked cobbles and boulders are present at the base of the retaining wall along the southwest and southeast corners. The stacked section on the southwest extends to a height of 0.85 in. The stacked section on the southeast is 0.4 m in height The north half of the terrace consists of a level soil deposit 2.5 m long by 2.5 m wide. It is ele- vated 1.2 m on the west and 0.5 m on the east. Crudely piled pahoehoe cobbles and boulders border the northeast side of the soil deposit. Aligned boulders border the deposit on the west,east and south.A 0.5 by 0.5 in test unit(TU-18)was excavated in the north half of the level soil deposit,revealing a single soil de- posit over bedrock(see Figure 38). Layer I consists of 0.05 to 0.2 m of a very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2) silt containing 5%pebble inclusions. Cultural remains recovered from Layer I include one Cypraea sp. shell(1.8 g),two kukui nut shells(6.4 g),and 0.1 grams of charcoal. Site 24534 is interpreted as a permanent habitation terrace based on the formal feature type and its area(33.7 sq m). Limited subsurface testing demonstrated the presence of associated cultural material and supports the inference that the terrace functioned as the foundation for a habitation structure. The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. No cultural remains were noted on the surface. Site 24535 Site 24535 is a large irregularly shaped terrace located on the side of a moderate slope that angles down to the west,in the southeastern corner of the project area at c. 470 ft elevation.The site was initially identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)as a complex consisting of a terrace and two modified out- crops,designated T-22. These three features were relocated during the inventory survey. The two modified outcrops were reclassified as features of the large agricultural complex Site 24550(Features A and B).The terrace is 8.2 m in length(north-south)and from 2.8 to 4.6 m wide(Figure 39). A retaining wall extends along the western downslope side of the structure with the eastern side abutting the side of the slope. The retaining wall is mostly collapsed, although an intact faced section is located in the northern portion. The retaining wall ranges in height from 1.2 to 1.6 m.The surface of the terrace, inland of the retaining wall is comprised of a level soil.No cultural remains were present on the surface of the site during the current sur- vey,although Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)noted a Cypraea sp. shell,a Thaididae sp. shell and a frag- ment of coral. There is a small piled terrace above the main terrace at the southeastern end of the site.This por- tion of the site is 2.5 m long(north-south), 1.7 in wide and 0.95 m in height with a collapsed cobble and small boulder retaining wall on the downslope side. The surface consists of a level soil deposit with no cul- tural remains present A 0.5 by 0.5 m test unit (TU-15) was excavated into the terrace, east of the faced wall section, revealing a single soil layer over bedrock(see Figure 39). Layer I consisted of 0.22 to 0.25 m of a very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) silt with 20-30%gravel and pebble inclusions. Cultural remains from Layer I consisted of three fragments of Cypraea sp. shell(1.5 g)and trace charcoal(0.1 g). Site 24535 is interpreted as the foundation for a permanent habitation structure based on its formal type,substantial construction(faced wall)and area(37.7 sq m).The site is unaltered and in fair condition. 68 L 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft / , Ill (Th I /// O 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m // // . . . // Outcrop //////////• , , , , . (0.5)=Hcight in meters // / r //////// / / /////// Apo (0.6) N. /, // t*I i Slope direction / / /// C � '�� / r rr cc ���.. rrrr r r (03)� j ) Sloping rubble r r � �((((�r(r �� A ((( C O(( Tv-18-1- I (0.5) t (0.5) ( ( � 1atmv) Level eoil— C-C<<. ( .t5) "��1;�-5)"l (1.2) <<< Datum 2'J ).)") MTh (,(LJJJ.> >�.) C L L. 1,k•-\:-C--'-.4_, J J J J J J-1 J,J)) J L Lk—�cLL� ' ,JJ-� J J j ✓ `)rJ J )� ,.� <- L v v J -J J J t, L, <., v wvvJ J J J„J..) J,, J J j l.` L ‘-1....,,J %---'`� J,./ 3 ,.l 1, vv v v 3 3 , .J J (0.85) v v v`�✓ . J (0.4) v k....)‘-, J`J V JI J JJJJJ J (1.2) East Face 0 I - Bedrock / / / 30cm 0 50cm Layer I-Very dark brown(7.5YR 2..5/2)silt with 5%pebble inclusions;Cultural remains present Figure 38. Site 24534 Plan Map and TU-18 East Face Profile 69 A Wert Pace l, L /// 0 _ %l L+�-'�� I l�..LI.V `. V Ll.L��lL / / / / Xl / II 3�'(�,, , �l'Jl�, 30cm Bedrock �+l-l' 1, L-,l.. 0 - 1,���� TU-15 o 50cm ( —l.. l' • fig Layer I-Very dads brown(7.SYR 2.5/2)silt with 20-30%gravel and pebble Outcrop �� inclusions;Cultural remains present (1.3) (1.3) '41, Datum �i( A Feted aide ( -( CtC( C( ' (� c6( ((t,,C�(IC(C y. o �(cC(C(.((CC( CCCC�C(C(CC C ( CC (CC C (CT(.((-CC(C—Uneven soil and low outcrops— ((`CC (1.2) - C(C(CC((CC(C( ((�C C C(,CC C(CCC CC C I (c.k4.l.`-(A. ((Cr( (k(C C(CC( CCC CCC Cc CCC (CC(/ CC C C r(CC C CCC t-CC(tC/CC(((C CCC(C(C (CC CC� C CCC( CC /I�(( CC CSC (L uC( C C C • ((CC C cC C -Cr k( ( C((((( (( (( ( C(/ ( C(( CCC(( �((C(C(�(C (0.95) C C(CC( , slope direction Lc LC�Ct�,EC C- �� LL C `LLLLL-'' c..8 l.<'L / c--L.. �L. ) Collapse L L L L / LL., L. 0 3.0 6.0 9.Oft 0 1.0 2.0 3.Om / Level soil / Figure 39. Site 24535 Plan Map and TU-15 West Face Profile Site 24536 Site 24536 is a complex of two features located in the inland portion of the project area at c.360 ft elevation.The site was identified during the inventory survey and consists of an L-shaped enclosure(Fea- ture A)and a terrace(Feature B;Figure 40). The enclosure is located at the northeast corner of the site and the terrace is located at the southwest corner. The site encompasses an area 14.6 in long by 13.3 In wide and is situated above an inland-seaward oriented drainage to the south Feature A is L-shaped enclosure located at the top of a slope that angles down to the north into a seasonal drainage.The feature is 8.45 m long(northwest-southeast)and 8.4 m wide. The walls intersect at a right angle and the enclosure is open to the west and south. The formally constructed portion of the north wall is 5.9 m long and varies in width from 0.4 mat the west end to 1.5 m in the approximate center. The north wall consists of crudely piled cobbles and boulders,with the south side of the wall comprised of slabs set on edge. The north wall varies in height from 0,3 m on the west to 0.75 in in the approximate center and abuts the rubble-covered slope. The east wall is 1.4 in long by 1.7 m wide and consists of stacked cobbles and boulders,faced on the west side. The formally constructed portion of the east wall abuts the west side of a crudely piled mound of cobbles and boulders that is 5.2 in long by 3.4 m wide. A short wall section on the east side of the enclosure 2.1 m south of the north and east wall intersection consists of two to five courses of stacked cobbles. This section is 0.7 m long by 0.8 m wide. The enclosure borders a level soil deposit and forms the northeast corner of an open space bordered by the Feature B terrace to the southwest. A 0.5 m by 0.5 m test unit(TU-19) was excavated into the soil deposit 0.5 m south of the north wall of the enclosure and 1.0 m west of the east wall. The excavation documented two soil deposits overly- ing bedrock(see Figure 40). Layer I consists of 0.18 to 0.2 in of a very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt con- taining 20-30%gravel and pebble inclusions. Cultural remains recovered from Layer I consisted of three fragments of Cypraea sp. shell(1.9 g),two waterworn coral pebbles(6.1 g),five volcanic glass flakes(2.1 g)and 0.1 gram of charcoal. Layer II consists of 0.02 to 0.05 m of a dark brown(7.5YR 3/3)silt contain- ing 50-75%gravel,pebble and cobble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. Feature B is a terrace comprised of a retaining wall composed of crudely piled or collapsed cob- bles and boulders constructed on the west side of a weathering bedrock outcrop. The west wall is 7.9 in long and varies in width from 0.6 m to 2.5 m_ The wall varies in height from 0.8 m on the north to 1.1 m in the center. Several boulders are piled on the east and west sides of the retaining wall at its north end A large boulder defines the northeast corner of the retaining wall. A short wall intersects the south end of the west retaining wall The wall is composed of mounded cobbles and boulders,3.0 m long by a maximum of 1.25 in wide. The height of the wall is 0.5 in The west and south walls of the terrace border a level soil deposit and form the southwest corner of the site. 0.5 m by 0.5 m test unit(TU-20)was excavated into the soil deposit 0.4 m east of the north end of the terrace retaining wall. The excavation documented a soil deposit overlying bedrock to a maximum depth of 0.46 m(see Figure 40). Layer I consists of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt containing 50-75% gravel and pebble inclusions. Cultural remains recovered from Layer I consist of seven Cypraea sp. shells (4.1 g),one Conus sp. shell fragment(0.6 g),two waterworn coral pebbles(2.3 g),and 0.3 grams of char- coal. Site 24536 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex based the area of the features(Feature A=71.4 sq m,Feature B=40.2 sq m)and substantial construction noted at Feature A(faced side,vertical slabs).The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. No cultural remains were noted on the surface. 71 I 0 3.0 6.0 9.0$ D1'21,1801 —77= Edge o[bedrock oucvop Otasmitmalsosasal (2 .- r.r. 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m •• .^;c^^'i= :�� ..�.? .�����'��`;;,��, I�/�P Faced aide ^^i.^.... --^ -. `-, -1 ,,`�,, M *� „"";.,A,.......„,,,.....,--„.' ^ '^.. ^7^'^. ���.�^��'��� a;1 ®Vesteal ab e'e^.,,-,�„ .C', ..17g ,;-,.„ ,.-'1.„''',..„,,, A.S.-11 .,, A.1 '11"„x'1 1 .+ ^„^..:iC• �('}, - ?�r^. �11�'1y� 1 (���1:iCt1II Meagan ;:',1.1'7..-•,-r•••••'-'7-'•"1"..;:f' ,....r.,,,.4.---,N's,�1 1"-' ""r' •-•''''''''''� .�,,i�M1�.^.�y[v 1....,^"...4-..^..‘ ..72,^7:-;-•�y� '1�j�1� 1 1•, 1 S A�OCQCO r. e. rr'rr."7/411/.7614•Irre �,, ,'', Well collapse rr'rr—c-C-. t10".011rr41r4i0r01.0y7�',�, 'r�r rr 14i. ��01.4ri f1�tr�a�1i`I',1.1,,1 , —Laval sell r.rFr�' 4910.1 j "45alia1efary Nee i1� 1 r •'+ar1//Ii ►moi viii ~4�'- 1 ,� , , ,/ .1.4180•1111,011144.4.int- 0 ../- 7� Datum j40y1..f'1� •�,1-.,N11.1 5 (0.5) Mob cWOOS 41/15 OP (0.8 Pali* l l��,i�1 ll i. (03) 111 l�ti loll 11,,>l ,1,,�T, lllyllhll ll 11 ,,, Ili,i'i, fill 1, ,, � „ (0.9) Femme A N-19 OSA. 111 111 It C ,,�,1��, v ( (((( Daum 10l 111 l L l-1,))1,)))) tJ C((((((C(C llll,,� lllllC�`JJJ riJJJ�)� ((((((( �(( fluff. l ., ..�.fJ J JJ (( ( ll� - -di L,JJ (0.4) (�.8) ( I l`L`la.:[,.--'5_,-!..,JJJJ (ill(((( s l ,JJ,/,/J ((WC / — —Leval Boll ll l``YJ JJJ (( (c( / I ww (�C( / (l.0) • ll`�l/• Ramo B N-19 N-20 South Face l /, South Faoe'.. (l.l) l` /r 0 0lllr l4`ll�ll ' C` t. rT lL`�i<<(`cc`c.c`is (0 ..err;rr cJJ'��)3 Sam 7/f n t `Li /i /// ClllC�C cl( r rrJ� JJJ `C l(�( C 14L41 rr��,-.�,'`�� 0 SOcm c r ct1. LL,-Lt. L. SD® r (1.0) Cl l((l C Cl l`o`ll` -l��,JJJ Layer I.Veryweb chic Move(7.7YR 2.12)�4t /!/ h 4 4 �'`L�,4 web 20-30%graw!and pebble 1 <<,(�l�ley l `l`t l` (0.4) inctusoa.Wan!atm Isom= 0 SO® `l'(l c ll�'L LCL`L L. l ll 4'-.k.. L4 ` l �.` Layer)]•Da*Mown(7SYR 3/3)0 With Lase I-Very clack Mown(7_5YR 2JQ)alt `��,lt., %.1.111 L`V"`l . 30.75%iraval,politic CO oobblo with 50-73%gravel lad pct to 4',1 ine4..Coms No ahma!cemofm loahnt=Cultural=aim pkeaaat Figure 40.Site 24536 Plan Map and Profiles of Ws 19 and 20 Site 24537 Site 24537 is a crude,roughly U-shaped enclosure located in the south-central portion of the pro- ject area at c. 225 ft elevation. The site was initially identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985) as a habitation modified outcrop (T-18), although the examination of the structure during the survey indicates that it is a U-shaped enclosure abutting a bedrock outcrop(Figure 41).The enclosure is 9.0 m(northeast by southwest)by 4.25 in wide and is open on the northeast side It is constructed of stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders with walls vary in width from 1.0 m to 1.5 m and in height from 0.4 to 0. 8m.A linear scatter of cobbles extends to the west from the northwestern corner.The interior is comprised of level soil with no cultural remains present A 0.5 m by 0.5 m test unit(TU-27)was placed in the west half of the enclosure interior,revealing a single soil deposit overlying bedrock (see Figure 41) Layer I consists of 0.21 to 0.32 m of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt containing 10-20%gravel inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer I includes two fragments of Cypraea sp. shell(2.1 g)and two kukui nut shells(1.2 g). Site 24537 is interpreted as a temporary habitation site based on its formal type and the presence of subsurface cultural remains.Although larger than typical temporary habitations(38.2 sq m)its informal construction and lack of substantial construction suggest it is not a permanent habitation site. The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 24538 Site 24538 is a complex of three features located in the central portion of the project area at eleva- tions ranging from c. 140 to 14511 The site was identified during the inventory survey and is comprised of a platform (Feature A) and two enclosures (Features B-C; Figure 42) in an area 22.5 in long by 10.8 m wide.The site is unaltered and in fair condition. Feature A is a small platform 3.9 m long by 2.7 m wide,located at the northwest end of the site. The platform is constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders,one to three courses high The platform is constructed on a bedrock outcrop and is roughly rectangular. The west side and the northwest corner are partially collapsed. The northeast side of the platform is crudely faced. The height of the platform varies from 0.5 m to 0.8 m. The platform surface is paved with poorly sorted cobbles and small boulders. No cultural remains were noted on the surface of Feature A. A 1.0 m by 1.0 m test unit(TU-4) was excavated into the center of the platform,revealing a stone layer(Layer I), over a soil deposit(Layer II)over bedrock(see Figure 42).Layer I consisted of 0.38 to 0.41 m of cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II was comprised of 0.14 to 0.18 m of a very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2) silt containing 10%gravel inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer II includes three Cypraea sp. shells(1.8 g),one waterworn basalt pebble(2.9 g)and 1.6 grams of charcoal. Feature B is an enclosure and lava blister located to the southeast of Feature A. The enclosure consists of two parallel freestanding wall sections that define the northeast and southwest sides of the en- closure. The enclosure is open on the west side and a lava blister defines the east side. The enclosure is 7.5 m long by 7.5 m wide. The north wall of the enclosure is 5.75 m long by 2.5 m wide and consists of crudely piled and stacked cobbles and boulders. The wall varies in height from 0.55 m to 0.8 in. The southeast end of the north wall intersects a bedrock outcrop and the north end of an opening that provides access to a subsurface lava blister. The opening is 3.0 m long by 0.75 m wide. The floor of the blister is 0.8 m below the ground surface opening. Boulders line the exterior perimeter of the opening adjacent to the north wall of the enclosure, functioning as a partial barrier. The blister chamber is 3.25 m long by 2.25 m wide. The ceiling height varies from 0.3 m to 0.8 m and the floor is thin soil. Scattered cobbles litter the floor of the blister. 73 (0.4) 4,11 ���A7 (0.75) liP kerafit0' '� 11• (0.7) Vc_c C)(. -P lkrAtekAtili.V10 0 Qp 0 6) *OM tipro e (0.4) •�E ----) •0.4 Level soil �.�. de��{r ( 5) ow-ye. TU-27 (o 5) Vials ,ai,be �'t�� . 4*N. � (0.55) .' ` II 141 V%rWth fir4t4i4W. • / 4311111%. Outcrop (0.5)-Height in metas (0.45) 1�~:'•`•��• / T slope direction D / ) wall collapse)) / 1 , -uneven soil and low outcrops - I. 0 3.0 6.0 9.Oft 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m North Face 0 I r 40cm //B/edr/ook 0 50cm Layer I-Very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt with 10-20%gravel inclusions;Cultural remains present Figure 41. Site 24537 Plan Map and TU-27 North Face Profile 74 (035) (0,5) ( ' Level soil stets. i Y� -6i z j (Xs* "11 TU ;�•)1, .r1^ N-4 111 •��:: 0.8 l<<•�lt'• CCC 11 i•�� 0.5) ( ) r�►1lt�_•-b� (0.8) Uacvmsoilwidrlowoutaoga � U., .•:i: a/"�1l.�,• l CCC 1 ( �i•��.� 411.4111e1tt���4 tiph I (0s�rL C` •a i s� ;0 .7P.� 0���r:' �.:•.pi% (0.8) f C�k �•�i�r iia• C • rr�t�.moi' ��4l 0 Cr`� v.JJ J 0 CC `L•��44�r!i (0.8) t` j-bmm .- .../ (CS(;�`C,4•�)'' Damm (0" � (0.7) — Feature C rr. • a 4,112, Psalms A 6111ekebi k . . (0.55) vie 0.8) ` ir Level soil �'•• =) YI .. ister opening with soil surface N-5 (0.8 m deep below outcrop) (1.2) (1 • • ` (0.7) b Crr- tidolb (03) rte•r.Iliy 0.5) (0.6) I =(0.4) Low blisters with soil surfaces "^ Collapse Feature B Edge of bedrock outcrop (0S)=Height in meters x I Slopedirection a• /...,.0--....00. Faced side Dripline 0 6.0 120 18.Oft limmwtsamillammimmilp 0 20 4.0 6.0m 1134-East Face Profile TU5-East Face Profile TIl6-North Face Profile 0 ft ltailbablOCt•111 11 0 0 - alga rt� ,t, ra i J i i i , • ii . /Bocirocic - /Bedrock 60cm i 'Ecdrock / 60cm 0 60cm 60cm 0 60cm 0 100cm Layer I-Dade brown(IOYR 3/3)silt with 20% Layer I-Dark brown(10YR 3!3)silt with Layer I-Tightly packed cobbles and small boulders; gravel inehtsioarg Colonel remains present t 20%gravel inclusions; No cultural remains Calomel remains prssem Layer II-very dark grayish brown(10YR 312)silt with 10%gravel inclusions;Cultural remains present Figure 42. Site 24538 Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 4, 5 and 6 75 The south wall of Feature B is 4,6 m long by 0.75 m wide and consists of stacked cobbles and boulders. The north side of the wall is faced and the south side has largely collapsed. The height of the south wall varies from 0.5 m to 1.2 m. The east side of the south wall abuts a bedrock outcrop. Feature B frames an area of level soil.No cultural remains were noted. A 0.6 in by 0.6 in test unit(TU-5)was excavated in the northeast portion of the interior of the Fea- ture B enclosure,revealing a soil layer overlying bedrock(see Figure 42). Layer I consists 0.18 to 0.38 m of dark brown(1OYR 3/3)silt containing 20%gravel inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer I includes one Cypraea sp. shell(1.9 g)and 2.1 grams of charcoal. Feature C is a small enclosure located to the northeast of Feature B. It is 4.25 m long by 3.0 m wide and is open on the north end. The west wall of the enclosure consists of a pile of crudely mounded or collapsed cobbles and boulders. The west wall is 3.25 m long by 2.0 m wide. The south wall consists of crudely stacked cobbles and boulders 3.0 m long by 0.75 m wide. The height of the south wall varies from 0.45 to 0.50 m. The east wall intersects the south wall at a right angle and is 2.0 in long by 1,0 m wide, composed of crudely piled and stacked cobbles. The height of the east wall varies from 0.5 m to 0.75 m. The enclosure interior consists of a relatively level rocky soil deposit with no cultural remains present. A 0.5 m by 0.5 m test unit(TU-6)was excavated in the northeast portion of the enclosure reveal- ing a single soil layer overlying bedrock(see Figure 42).Layer I consists of 0.18 to 0.35 in of a dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt containing 20%gravel inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer I includes two Cypraea sp. shell (3.1 g), one volcanic glass flake(1.1 g), two kukui nuts shells (1.9 g)and 2.0 grams of charcoal. Site 24538 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex. This is based on the formal type of the features and the substantial construction noted at Features A and B (faced sides). The area of the Fea- ture B enclosure(56.2 sq m)suggests this may have functioned as the foundation for a permanent habita- tion structure.The relatively small areas of Feature A(10.5 sq m)and Feature C(12.75 sq m)suggest these features may have served as the foundations for special purpose structures,or served as site furniture.The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 24539 Site 24539 is a complex of four features located in the north-central portion of the project area at c. 130-140 ft elevation.The site was identified during the inventory survey and consists of a platform(Fea- ture A),an enclosure(Feature B)and two terraces(Features C and D),encompassing an area 20.4 in long (northwest by southeast)by 17.1 m wide(Figure 43). No cultural remains were noted on the surface of the site. Feature A is a rectangular platform located at the northwest corner of the site. The north and northeast sides have collapsed with the remaining sides consisting of stacked and faced cobbles and small boulders.The platform as originally constructed was probably 4.2 m long(north-south)and varied in width from 3.2 mon the north to 2.7 mon the south side. The feature varies in height from 0.6 m to 1.3 rn with a level surface consisting of poorly sorted cobbles and boulders. A 1.0 m by 1.75 m test unit(TU-1) was placed in the approximate center of the platform,reveal- ing an architectural layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 43). Layer I consists of 0.71 to 0.81 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders. Cultural material recovered from Layer I consisted of three fragments of Cypraea sp. shell(15.9 g).Layer II consists of 0.02 to 0.2 m of very dark grayish brown(1OYR 3/2)silt containing 10%gravel and pebble inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer II includes one Conus sp. shell (29.6 g), 15 fragments of Echinoid body(2.3 g),one Cypraea sp. shell(1.1 g),one volcanic glass flake(0.3 g),and 1.1 gram of charcoal. Feature B is a small enclosure located 5.6 m southeast of Feature A. The enclosure is composed of two freestanding walls, open on the west and east, encompassing an area 5.3 m long (east-west) and 4.9 in wide. The walls consist of crudely stacked cobbles and small boulders that vary in height from 0.6 in 76 TU-1 7V-50 (1J) Hart Face North Face 03) 0 [20cm ' / ;7-1)77-3/ -edmik (((4( 1�����4al iii 1 /All ,1)1 .1111M111, 0 sow �� ��`�'�11,^ 11r�r��s7 Layer I-Dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt with 10% 't'�.w P� pr AV') Nopebble and gravel i inclusions; 46 41 0.2 .:4l^ 7tT-1 100cm No cultural remains 446 Z.'� 14 `.y ,Bose as; Q.0) 0 180cm (0.6) r.�44101 0.0) Layer 1-Tightly packed cobbles and boulders; Orlbmal remains present ..://:/// Layer II-Very dark grayish brown(1 OYR 32)silt Lam rdl with 10%pebble end gravel inclusions; Cultural remains present -4 ,,,/,i/ ridge ofoutcrop Dahlia /Y1 Faced side •' K+� 0 8) 11 +�� • .+ —Uneven son?I low oueaeps-- • Slope direction `'istibw;``rli-', LI) tdotok I) Collapse Feet=8#/7 dl`�ikv,����`." o�l j(0.5)'Haight Inms .71/ • 50 , / (a (035) ....IX,��ii� .i.�'.:1 -s, cosi #0:011)1026"IP "dli C C��•l)1y os��b�a'1♦ ., Feature C / (0.9) FmtmeD ((CC cff( J�r.� �U1 140 FC c is O 4.5 9.0 13S@cqe r(i J J e O 13 3.0 4.5m m.ky.+J o t . (01) t Figure 43. Site 24539 Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 1 and 50 to 1.1 m. Portions of the north and south sides of the north wall have collapsed. Sections of the north and south sides of the south wall are faced. The floor of the enclosure interior consists of exposed bedrock and level soil. A nibble pile 2.9 m long by 2.4 m wide abuts the southwest side of the south wall. The piled rubble varies in height from 0.2 in to 0.5 m. A 0.5 m by 0.5 m test unit(TU-50)was excavated in the soil deposit in the eastern half of the en- closure, revealing a single soil layer over bedrock(see Figure 43). Layer 1 consists of 0.08 to 0.15 m of dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt containing 10%gravel and pebble inclusions. No cultural material was recov- ered from Layer I. Feature C is a terrace located adjacent to the southeast side of the Feature B enclosure. The ter- race wall is located on the north side of a level soil deposit and consists of one to two courses of stacked cobbles and small boulders covering an area 6.2 m long(east-west)by 3.4 in wide. The terrace wall abuts the northeast corner of the south wall of the Feature B enclosure and is 4.2 m long by 0.5 m wide and 0.5 in high. The east half of the terrace wall has collapsed. The wall retains a level soil deposit on its south side. The soil deposit is also framed by the southeast corner of the Feature B enclosure and the east side of the rubble pile. The soil deposit is 6.2 m long by a maximum of 2.7 in wide. Feature D is a small terrace 3.6 m long(east-west)by 2.8 m wide located 1.4 in east of the Fea- ture C terrace. The terrace wall is 2.5 m long by 1.1 in wide and varies in height from 0.3 m to 0.9 m. The wall retains a level soil deposit on its south side. The deposit is 3.5 in long by 1.8 m wide. Site 24539 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex based on the substantial construction at Features A and B(faced sides,paved surface),and the areas of Features B and C(13=25.9 sq in,C=21.0 sq m). The Feature B enclosure likely functioned as the foundation for a permanent habitation structure, with the adjacent Feature C terrace serving as an associated work or activity area. The Feature A platform is smaller than typical permanent habitation features and potentially served the foundation for a special purpose structure.The smaller Feature D terrace may have also functioned as an ancillary feature,possible serving as an associated activity area.The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 24540 Site 24540 is complex of two features located in the seaward portion of the project area,inland of the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall at c. 95 to 100 ft elevation.The site consists of a platform(Feature A)and a C- shaped enclosure (Feature B) in an area 15.5 m long(north-northeast by south-southwest)by 9.0 m wide (Figure 44). Feature A is a roughly rectangular platform that is 6.0 m long(east-west)by 5.5 m wide with sides constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders that vary in height from 0.5 m to 0.7 m. The northwest corner,east side and southeast corner of the platform are intact and faced,although the remain- ing sides have collapsed outward. The surface of the structure consists of a level cobble pavement with no cultural remains present. A 1.0 m by 1.0 m test unit(TU-9)was excavated into the surface of the platform in the northwest portion, revealing an architectural layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock (see Figure 44). Layer I consisted of 0.15 to 0.37 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II consists of 0.04 to 0.25 m of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt containing 10- 20%gravel inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer II includes two Cypraea sp. shells (3.2 grams)and 1.2 grams of charcoal. Feature B is a small C-shaped enclosure open on the west side located 4.0 m northeast of Feature A. The enclosure is constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders,and is 4.5 m long(east-west)by 4.0 in wide with walls that average 0.8 in wide and from 0.3 m to 0.65 m in height. The interior and exte- rior sides of the north and south wall segments are roughly faced. The gap between the north wall and the southwest corner wall is 1.25 m wide. The interior floor of the enclosure is level soil.No cultural remains were present. 78 L I 1 1 i w •W•1 1 1 i 1 I:00 _ a g 2 O �rt�11 ,. m ��r�4 ( C c Oak o td o .t IWAAI 4 riel i- — „ p ro� rrt:1g Gi is 0 5, .i W .,r1� o •,+* < ..77 1 r-1 0 1 / G o w +.) ri o • 0'��•�500000000• 1 G —1 — •—otil000000000000 w., 0 ( o0000000000000a V] )0 C( ()O0000o000000000 J 1 FCC(000000000000000•• )))))) (C(C000000000000000•rj �) ((cc00000000000000ootO) )) ) ) ( o00000000000000••v) ) ((c(000000000000o• •tip ))) (c(C0000000000000w go, • �)) )) cd 0000• ••000000 •0�� )) )p R�{('(�0o0• •o.•00000 �� ) ) I. v CC oo•000• 0000 o .4. )) 6 ;: pi h v ((0000••••0000•. 0000 00 .10011) v " (( - •0• • •000000000ge cp C,200 00000000000y:1 ( 000•0000000o00r1• pa • 0,0000oo00on p •0,00„,„ „,....,, ,i C 0 en z1••000 ���7�,, 'a' a _Nath— t :�, ;� �,,,,�.Jy 41 :1017,40.3, va`� N n r rf 3 4 0 0 I w I Site 24540 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex.This is based on the feature's formal types,area(33.0 sq m Feature A; 18.0 sq m Feature B)and substantial construction(faced sides and paved surface).The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 24541 Site 24541 is a complex of two features located in the seaward portion of the project area,north of the southern project area boundary at c. 100 ft elevation. The site was identified during the inventory sur- vey and is comprised of two adjoined enclosures(Figure 45).The site is unaltered and in fair condition. The Feature A enclosure is oval in shape and is located at the northern end of the site,built along the western side of a bedrock outcrop.The enclosure is 3.5 m long(north-northeast by south-southwest)by 3.1 m wide. The walls are built of stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders and range in width from 0.7 to 1.2 m and in height from 0.55 to 1.1 m.The western side of the enclosure has collapsed outward.Soil is present within the enclosure and no cultural remains were present A low lavablister b ster extends into the outcrop along the east side of the Feature A enclosure.The en- trance is 1.9 in long and 0.35 m in height,and opens onto an oval-shaped chamber that is 2.7 m long(north- south),2.3 m wide and 0.25 to 0.35 m in height. The floor of the blister consists of level soil with no cul- tural remains. A 1.5 m by 0.5 m test unit(11J-35)was excavated,within the Feature A enclosure,revealing a soil deposit of undetermined depth(see Figure 45).This deposit consisted of a very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2) silt containing 10%pebble inclusions. Human remains consisting of cranium fragments and two hu- man teeth were identified at 0.15 in below surface. The excavation was terminated upon identification of the human remains. Additional cultural material recovered from Layer I consisted of eight Cypraea sp. shell fragments (9.4 g), three waterworn coral pebbles (4.7 g), one waterworn basalt pebble (61,2 g), one kukui nut shell(0.6 g),eight volcanic glass flakes(10.2 g)and 0.5 grams of charcoal.The presence of habi- tation-related portable remains in the test unit fill indicates that the burial is potentially an intrusive feature in a pre-existing habitation deposit;however,no burial pit was visible in the deposit. The absence of a pit alternatively may indicate that the burial pre-dates habitation use of the feature. The Feature B enclosure adjoins Feature A on the southern side. This enclosure is 6.1 m long (northeast by southwest)and 5.1 m wide.The walls of this feature are comprised of stacked and piled cob- bles and small boulders,ranging in width from 0.5 to 2.8 in and in height from 0.3 to 0.9 m.The west and southwest sides of the enclosure have collapsed outward. An oval-shaped depression is located on the west wall,measuring 0.6 in long(east-west),0.55 m wide and 0.65 m deep.The interior of the enclosure is com- prised of level soil with no cultural remains present. Site 24541 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex with a burial.These adjoined enclo- sures have a combined area of 41.9 sq in and potentially served as the foundation for one or two roofed structures.The blister at Feature A may have been used as an associated storage area. Site 24542 Site 24542 is a complex of two features located in the seaward portion of the project area, along the southern project boundary a c. 45 ft elevation.The site was identified during the inventory survey and consists of a platform(Feature A)and an enclosure(Feature B).The features cover an area 13.5 m long by 14.5 m wide(Figure 46). Feature A is an oval-shaped platform that is 4.0 m long(east-west)by 3.2 m wide.The east,west and south sides are built of crudely stacked cobbles and small boulders.These sides vary in height from 0.5 to 1.1 in.The northern side of the structure consists of a linear pile of cobbles and small boulders that is 3.6 m long(northeast by southwest),2.2 m wide and 0.3 to 0.6 m in height The surface of the platform con- sists of a level poorly sorted cobble pavement with no cultural remains present 80 (0.g) (0.5)=Height in metas rr • y Slope direction C��� +�Y*1J + r C• Crrr r ►-t llrMt'�J C r '1� 1'O. ♦L� Feature C CCo.' wiV la% ice• ) Sloping nibble C(Cr Cove.431,t�l., � )) rr (CCC&Ewi_ iii i a r ,� CC.• a `� -----gip CCC C.( Ca`4•1210p (LI) rr , `� Soil (((�( �1 liwou•1(0 55)antgeop a ( ((((((*I�t*�`a` (0.35)7 (0.35) (p•� /' ( ((( (( o'fsip) f ( ( �� .� •' A• ♦ `'„�\ / C((((a. � • Interior ofblister C ( (•?e� rCCCCF(0t�`> . • ,, CC(- . /�1�� (0.3) C C Soil rCr�C (cc r,-....c WW1 0 (0.9) C ' CCCCCC r '��R'1 0.45) `� Datum Depression �r C�greelif' `, (0.65)re ��� (0.65 an deep) r e(Cr rerrrgcciri tliTA•+ ,i�. 01r4.1� (r r Frr isoli p fist—Aix*. AISI.Al (pr m44) cc c((c �s itiomi a r-�_ � werapt� � , cc CC (cc ►u f 1�ege±7�tirirt o• ttowil. Feature B c c(c c((Is �`t��to`s'.•641k*Lis� 11 L c<<<<��As ^aes1r•Ts�r`�.l�ts� ,,fir► < «<k(--5. . . ,40•y4.10, 41.4 w�wrev o�li�ji 0- cccccc�ccc,1„....a.,ca ��� t- trga { J r L,t'uk..�CiL L.� 0 3.0 6.0 9.Oft LL•`..L. � .,,s, 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m (0.5) • • Wire fence • • • v v \/4'j�//,• ice< 7, /, /. )".•:‘,/., /..,,‘' /jam/�%/Y/ \\. . \\A\f\��\\ \ I�\ \i\'\\/\\%\%\\, North Face / Interior of blister //� 0 /. Human rcmaias 1 FOP”. 401=0111" _• - / �YQ I and human bail brown r(I;C 32)re lt 30® widr 10Y.pebble�buiooa;Cldtmal rains tam 0 50 100 Man Figure 45. Site 24541 Plan Map and TU-35 North Face Profile 81 Za algal('aos3}sea 17£11L PE ddN U1d ZiStZ a;TS .917 a1 Ut3 paSird sme=iearaVO:coo stn oiggad Paw aWM%01 riPA U!s We)1A01)vAQaq 3ma-II=An =MEW i¢aaita ON 'sapin(1IlvPMp194°31)2122d W!L-I33far1 j =09I 001 0 11°714013PrAre04 II ..1 1-.S re mg!1411�5 `�.I�. , ara)ata m ig8!aH=(co) VP 61aSS7�)P11�1 Amo 0 Ito ini aoa44leeg - sdnumo'O1 q;ul°P..° aanann WI? o'E s► 0 (8.o) M,,^ usE1 0' 56 0 rz. -i'' r.r r r r*r^ � lv o 0 a o a -a 0 ❑ a tr ❑ "b j r`�r r( rr-r l rr� (.;15,v��"••�-C �1 -� Arepurtog tale Waford magmas r'F'r f�'i-`-e'r ,-ry v"`. .w .-, m-;'-,'.i-1 Snap pro)any r.Fr rrr rr- r�r✓�M`t,C"" ;" -k-lk C'�"-C.1 ''-l? re. C :,,L.,:....) �`'✓ O) (E g arnma )nomanad aiggoo pnal OP 16.1 ccro) s1,0* tE-fIL ����� co)' sdoxrmo A10i Rlve(<os lanai `•�V _41114 0jd r1 J11 I (co) `t$ %r4.'x��~ * var ii'V 46 i0.0 w:;s�P!%� re040 sk.al e .4 •r,4a4Ou',-,,oma„♦ v dor.s (cco) ,^ lkr�~~"i i' illf.)) 44 jfI (9•o) rr`••i•J•i• ) ) ��lij aPispaaeg rr(r'rC'�(rrrrr/, ) , :,) r r(- r rr(y✓-�JJJ JJJ✓ 011 CCC rr rr_„.j ✓ „i-2,-z'j (co) OW6.0) (t.,...k..t.„1,-,Jr-2p--)"J _ ; k-tk.S-k-s.A.,' -r) (SOI tx Sly"`+Y."6 ,YWZL"Y JJ (9'0) A 1.5 m by 1.0 in test unit(TU-34)was excavated into the center of the Feature A platform,re- vealing a stone architectural layer(Layer I) overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock (see Figure 46). Layer I consisted of 0.14 to 0.52 m tightly packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Bedrock was encountered below Layer I in the northern portion of the unit,with the Layer II soil present throughout the remainder of the excavation.A small lava blister(0.1 m in height)was present be- low the upper outcrop in the north portion of the unit,although no cultural remains were present inside.The Layer II deposit consists of 0.16 to 0.31 m of a dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt containing 10%pebble and cobble inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer II consists of two fragments of Cypraea sp. shell(0.2 g),a bird bone fragment(0.3 g),and a mongoose skull(11.2 g),which is probably intrusive. Feature B is an enclosure composed of two freestanding walls located to the east and south of Feature A. The first wall section is L-shaped and is 7.6 m long(north-south) and 5.2 in (east-west). The eastern leg of this wall is built of stacked cobbles and small boulders,varying in width from 0.9 to 1.1 m and in height from 0.5 to 0.9 m.The western side of the wall is faced.The northern leg is mostly collapsed, ranging in width from 1.2 to 1.6 m and in height from 0.5 to 0.89 m The second portion of the Feature B enclosure is located 2.3 in southwest of the south end of the first section.This wall is collapsed and irregularly-shaped and is 11.8 in long(east-west), 1.3 to 3.0 m wide and from 0.3 to 0.8 m in height. A wire fence delineating the southern project area boundary in this area extends across the surface of this wall. No cultural remains were found in association with Feature B.The area within the walls is comprised of a level soil deposit with low outcrops. Site 24542 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex based on the feature's formal type and substantial construction(faced side,paved surface).The Feature A platform and the linear pile that extends to the northeast from the platform likely formed the west and northwestern sides of the Feature B enclo- sure,encompassing an area 14.8 m long(northeast by southwest)and 11.6 m wide(171.6 sq in). This en- closed area potentially served to delineate the boundaries of a yard in which a pole and thatch roofed struc- ture may have existed. The relatively small area of the Feature A platform(12.8 sq m)suggests that it may have functioned as the foundation for a special purpose structure or site furniture.The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 24543 Site 24543 is a crude U-shaped enclosure located in the seaward portion of the project area at c. 50 ft elevation. This site was initially identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)designated as their Site T-5.The enclosure is 4.5 in long by 3.4 m wide formed by a bedrock outcrop along the north and east sides,and a stacked and piled cobble and small boulder wall along the southern side(Figure 47).The out- crop bordering the enclosure averages 0.7 m in height The wall is 4.5 in long(northwest by southeast)and from 0.4 to 2.1 m wide, ranging in height from 0.5 m to 0.7 m. The interior of the enclosure consists of a level soil deposit with scattered cobbles.No cultural remains were noted on the surface. A small lava blister is located at the northeastern end of the enclosed area,extending into the out- crop.The entrance is 0.5 m wide and 0.3 in in height with the interior measuring 0.8 in long,0.55 in wide and 0.2 m in height.The interior floor is a soil deposit with no cultural remains_A waterworn basalt cobble is present on top of the outcrop 1.4 in north of the south edge of the lava blister. A 1.0 in by 0.5 m test unit(TU-48)was placed in the northeast corner of the enclosure,extending into the lava blister.The excavation revealed one layer over bedrock(see Figure 47), Layer I consists 0.05 to 0.13 m of very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2)silt containing 10%pebble and gravel inclusions. Cul- tural material recovered from Layer I includes one Cypraea sp. shell(5.1 g)and 1.5 grams of charcoal. Site 24543 is interpreted as a temporary habitation enclosure based on formal type,informal con- struction and small area(15.3 sq m). The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. 83 • I . - // '/ • // 0 3.0 6.0 9.Oft ' /// / / // / Immoimmisammulnues , • // // . 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m , // /i // (0.3) // / / /, /, p // // Waterwornbesot[cobble // iv. / / P with acatte[cd cobbles sad boulders/ . Iattaior of blls \\ �\ swim (0. // / / / V (01 m tall) ' I / / //// n j (03) /\... co —Soil with sate ` d cobbla— '/ I 11148 / / // / Datum �� (055) / / / •/ // / (05) ' rif /. / j� ' (•7 / //. (0.6) / / // / West Face /•' outcrop / /. / / / o / // • / (0.51-Height in meters zoo /9740A// . • , / . / / / // // // 0 100em // ///// // // 1 Slope die ctian // Layer I-very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2)silt with . / Edge of autmop l0%pebble and gravel inclusions;Cultural / remains present , , Figure 47. Site 24543 Plan Map and TU-48 West Face Profile Site 24544 Site 24544 is a complex of two enclosures(Features A and B) located in the seaward portion of the project area at c. 45 ft elevation. The site encompasses and area 19.0 m long(east west)by 14.3 m wide (Figure 48). The site was originally identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985), designated as Site T-6. Feature A is a roughly circular enclosure with an entrance located along the northwest side.The enclosure is located at the northeast corner of the site and is composed of a single curvilinear wall con- structed on and around a bedrock outcrop. The wall is constructed of crudely stacked cobbles and small boulders,encompassing an area 9.4 m long by 9.3 in wide. The wall ranges in width from 0.55 to 0.75 m and in height from 0.4 m to 1.4 in. Bare lava and soil are exposed in the enclosure interior. Collapsed rub- ble forms a linear band across the western side of the enclosure. No cultural material was observed in as- sociation with Feature A. Feature B is a small C-shaped enclosure and adjacent platform located 5.5 m southwest of Feature A. The small enclosure and platform cover an area 7.5 m long by 5.3 m wide. The enclosure is composed of a single curvilinear wall open on the south.The southwest end of the enclosure wall is faced where the enclosure wall and the platform merge. The enclosure wall is 12.8 m long and is constructed of crudely stacked cobbles and small boulders one to three courses high.The enclosure wall varies in height from 0.3 m to 0.7 m and in width from 0.55 m to 1.1 m. The enclosure floor is level soil. The platform is 2.8 m long by 3.3 m wide and the height is 0.3 to 0.7 m. Collapsed rubble is present on the north side of the plat- form.No cultural remains were present A 1.0 in by 1.0 m test unit (TU-45)was excavated into the platform, revealing an architectural layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 48). Layer I consists of 0.3 to 52 m of tightly packed gravel, pebbles,cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer I overlies bedrock in the north portion of the unit and the Layer II soil in the southern portion.Layer II con- sists of 0.05 in to 0.10 m of very dark grayish brown(1OYR 3/2)silt containing 20%gravel, pebble and cobble inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer II includes three Cypraea sp.shells(1.9 g),one volcanic glass flake(1.0 g)and 1.4 grams of charcoal. Site 24544 is interpreted as a permanent habitation complex based on the presence of multiple fea- tures,their formal type,area(Feature A=87.4 sq m and Feature B=39.75 sq m),substantial construction of Feature B(faced wall). The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. A pole and thatched roofed structure may have existed within the Feature A enclosure and Feature B may have served as the founda- tion for a permanent habitation structure.The site is unaltered and in fair condition. Site 24545 Site 24545 is an irregularly shaped terrace located in the seaward portion of the area at c. 35 ft ele- vation north of the Site 6991 heiau.The site was identified during the inventory survey. The terrace is 4.2 m long(east-west) and from 0.5 to 1.2 m wide and is constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders along the southern side that range in height from 0.3 to 0.4m(Figure 49).The surface is comprised of un- even cobbles and small boulders. A piece of branch coral 12 cm long was observed on the surface of the northwest end of the terrace.No other cultural remains were noted. A 1.0 in by 1.0 m test unit(TU-31)was excavated center of the western end of the terrace in the area containing the coral. The unit revealed a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 49).Layer I consists of 0.14 to O.30 m tightly packed cobbles and small boul- ders with no cultural remains. The Layer II deposit consists of a maximum of 0.02 to 0.19 m of very dark gray(10YR 3/1)silt containing 10%pebble inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer II consists of four waterworn coral pebbles (22.1 g), one Cypraea sp. shell (8.0 g), and 13 volcanic glass flakes (22.4 g). 85 Oa 0.5) ' Edge of outcrop •.t• (0.5)=Height in meters '' Ob... 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft 4-Vasa till (0.6) :7–"r3—'77-1.0. mate` ''•' •� laiii Slope direction ��� ...- ��C•as. Soil L��t[�!v� �r Rubble I ��`,,,��� � � ' +�� )) (0.') 'l+,;,3-•r -ham, '. MSI 1.2) —Uneven soil and outcrops— "b .S1 , ' (0.4 b. Itar.lita 11 , •, Soil ciepii Feature A �(-�C t wit R1 3-3-1 ��1 „,�,k_.�ISial Bare lava - "1"4.(- � �wi`•� (0.45) x. Feature B ��,_ 's'Mk gritr'tap` tifit Co (0.3) �(_�Et_ (0.55) l!'•�� trrrrr � -� (1.4) (0.3) err,./:,-''Prr ^ i,'�rlr�� , •'. • ,, .4.4.atib (0.4)vrow .r4 ,% ' �,�Y� �,r ���lrr��. fa Bare lava with scattered cobbles '• , ..rr�t�♦'A`(• Level soil A ;,. ,,, , (0.55) Faced aide rte Eng Feet AIN. Datum 11111 o i -..' ' "T Iireleit //Bedrock ••��a 60c /Bedrock ‘111111r 0 120cm Luys I•Tightly packed cobbles,emelt boulders,pebbles end grave/inclusions;No cultural remains Layer Ll.Very dark grayish brown(IOYR 3!2)1r71 with 20% cobble,pebble and gravel inclusions; Cultural remains present Figure 48. Site 24544 Plan Map and TU-45 East Face Profile Branch coral Bare outcrop • / � -� �`�,-- ��/. . . / /// // / / // / rii�� j1 rto�fir. , / /_ ,�• � � �� '�y �►• ;rte+• t� w1,iitma t� IP -1 p-*V 111 Plifirl Illiger lee I II W ./.11101r.ArAmalrwilatakvellivintedire". Us- owilvoirfilleite lla� itrtift ' (0.35) TU-31 (0.4) Uneven soil and outcrops (0.5)=Height in meters � Edge of outcrop 0 1.5 3.0 4.5ft 0 0.5 1.0 1.5m East Face 0 Bedrock ArA 60cm 0 100cm Layer I-Tightly packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains Layer II-Very dark gray(10YR 3/1) silt with 10% pebble inclusions;Cultural remains present Figure 49. Site 24545 Plan Map and TU-31 East Face Profile 87 Site 24545 is interpreted as a temporary habitation terrace based on its formal type, small area (5.0 sq m), insubstantial construction and the presence of subsistence debris. The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 24546 Site 24546 consists of a series of four stone walls located in the seaward portion of the parcel,at elevations ranging from 25 to 30 ft. This site was previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosen- dahl(1985)as Site T-8, although the wall segments were not assigned individual feature designations.The extent of the walls is depicted in Figure 6.The walls are similarly constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders with a narrow core-filled interior of cobbles.The sections of wall vary in width at the base from 1.0 to 1.2 m and at the top from 0.5 to 0.7 in.The walls are generally intact though minor wall collapse was noted.The intact portions of the wall range in height from 0.75 to 1.4 m.No cultural remains were noted on the surface. The Feature A wall enters the project area at c. 30 ft elevation and extends to the north-northwest for 37.5 where it angles to the west for 36.8 m The wall ends at this point with a barbed wire fence extend- ing to the northwest along the project area boundary. The Feature B wall originates 4.0 in north of the bend in the Feature A wall.This wall extends to the north for 32.7, then angles to the northeast for 50.0 in where it terminates against the seaward side of the Feature C wall. Feature C is 7.5 m long(north-northwest by south-southeast), with the northern end terminating 2.5 m south of the Site 6381 wall. A wooden post is located at the north end of Feature C with a second post adjacent to Site 6381,suggesting that a gate once existed in this gap. The Feature D wall is located 7.5 m northeast of the western end of the Feature A wall.This wall extends to the north-northwest for 15.5 m, then angles to the northwest for an additional 14.0 m where it terminates. The northern portion of this wall has collapsed,likely due to the construction of the parking lot located to the north and northeast. Site 24546 is interpreted as a livestock control site based on the height and method of construction of the four wall segments. A large irregularly shaped enclosure is formed by the four walls and the Site 6381 wall,measuring 7.4 m long(north-south)and from 30.0 to 80.0 m wide.The Site 24549 water trough is located within this enclosed space.The Feature A,B and C walls also form the seaward boundary of a larger enclosed space formed by Site 6381 to the north, the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall to the east and by Site 6352 and a barbed wire fence to the south.Site 24546 is altered and in fair to good condition. Site 24547 Site 24547 is a low roughly rectangular shaped platform located in the seaward portion of the pro- ject area at c. 28 ft elevation. The site was identified during the inventory survey. The platform is oriented northeast-southwest and is 6.25 m long by 5.0 m wide(Figure 50). The exterior perimeter is comprised of stacked cobbles and small boulders that vary in height from 0.15 m to 0.35 In. The platform surface con- sists of a relatively level,poorly sorted pavement of cobbles and small boulders. Three waterworn baealt pebbles were observed on the pavement surface of the structure. A 1.5 m by 1.0 in test unit(T1J-29)was excavated in the approximate center of the platform,re- vealing an architectural layer(Layer 1)overlying a soil deposit(Layer ll)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 50). Layer I consists of 0.26 to 0.43 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders. Cultural material re- covered from Layer I consisted of 3 waterworn coral pebbles and one Cypraea sp. shell(0.9 g). Layer II consists of a maximum of 0.06 to 0.3 in a very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2)silt containing 10%pebble and cobble inclusions. Cultural material recovered from Layer II consisted of 135 waterworn coral pebbles (127.5 g),one waterworn basalt pebble(11.2 g), 18 Cypraea sp. shells(23.6 g),two fragments of Echinoid spine(0.6 g), 11 Nerita picea shell fragments(2.2 g)and 0.1 grams of charcoal. • 88 tia T O 0 I a a ��' �r x \ iikAk li,` 401 1 4 [74 4,„. [ 1 1 4.4.11141PAW ta -iSit+ 8 - ' '. 0"000 000 0"`t j;��l�M w 'g �' 5 h I 0000000000000 •�' 0�(��.r ._ 4 iir. �',00000o000000oo0 rai 'O ' linik �S00000000000000 .,0ao ,r.....* . �/ '� p. 00000000000000 . 0000000'4 04 a N `: 00000000000 000000 . 1•� a. e. pmali.�� �, 00000000000 • • • •'• • 0000000r`'��00000000• 0 . 00000000000000 .4. 000000000 o . 00000 . 00000000cp4Nlir'.°' 1 \ .. ..000000000000 . 00000000000000 f� mm. 00000000000 . 00000 000000000m_ z ' .s00000000000 . 00000000000000 •��� Os .- .%= 0000000000 • 00000 Q00000000(00" O g `z'' r'+�► •,•700 0000.00000 0 00000000010 °° Rs �j�����`�rl� 000 . 000000000 1 �, c l .•4, 0 00000000R` �; 1Iir 000000 •c1. 0000000 . . S?. 000000000000004V000000000 ° .00 . 0 . 00000000 •`I,�►�► ei. 0 •• 0.1. 00000000•, 0 . 0 . 00000000 '0• ,-- t'f�• °„00000000 '•�,` & w y. i I. Site 24547 is interpreted as the foundation for a permanent habitation structure.This is based on its formal type,substantial construction(paved surface)and area(31.25 sq m).The site is unaltered and in fair to good condition. Site 24548 Site 24548 is a large compartmentalized terrace located in the seaward portion of the project area, adjacent to the western side of the Site 24546,Feature B wall at c. 28ft elevation. The site was initially identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)as a complex consisting of two terraces,designated Site T- 10.Both of these terraces were relocated during the inventory survey.One of the terraces is clearly an agri- cultural feature (based on its informal construction and absence of cultural remains) and has been re- designated as Feature AIL of the Site 24550 agricultural complex(discussed below). The overall dimen- sions of the other terraces are 14.6 m long(northeast by southwest)and 13.9 in long(Figure 51).The site is located within an enclosure formed by the historic Site 24546 ranch walls and it is likely that it has been impacted by cattle grazing activity.The southern half of the feature consists of two tiers,with the lower tier measuring 5.2 m long(northeast by southwest)and 3.4 m wide. The upper tier abuts the lower tier along the northeastern side and is 6.9 m long(northeast by southwest)and 2.9 to 3.5 m wide.The surface of both tiers consists of level cobbles. Several fragments of Cypraea sp. shell were noted on the surface of these tiers.The area inland of this portion of the site consists of uneven scattered cobbles,exposed bedrock and soil. The northern portion of the site consists of a low walled terrace that is 8.0 m long(northwest by southeast)and 13.9 m wide,bordered by the Site 24546, Feature A wall to the east,by the two-tiered ter- race to the south and by low piled cobble and small boulder walls and alignments to the north and west. The western side is a terrace with a 0.9 to 2.6 in wide retaining wall that is 0.3 to 0.4 in in height on the west side,and is level with the terrace interior on the east side.This interior is a level soil deposit with scat- tered cobbles and area of mounded cobbles and small boulders.Marine shells are scattered throughout this area. A vertical cobble is located along the interface between the north and south portions of the terrace, and a volcanic glass core was noted at the southeast end of the northern enclosed area A fragment of wa- terworn coral is present at the northwestern corner of the site.Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)identified a basalt hanvmerstone on the surface at the southeastern end of the site.This hanunerstone was not identified during the inventory survey and has potentially been removed. Site 24548 is interpreted as the foundation for a permanent habitation structure based on its sub- stantial construction(paved surface)and area(17.6 sq m).A pole and thatched roofed structure may have existed on the southern half of the site,with the northern half consisting of an associated work or activity area.The activity area is 111.2 sq m in area The site is altered and in poor to fair condition. Site 24549 Site 24549 is a concrete water trough located in the seaward portion of the project area at c. 20 ft elevation in an area of level soil.This trough was initially identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)as Site T-9.The trough is 2.2 m wide(east-west), 1.35 m wide and 0.7 to 0.78 m in height with walls measur- ing 0.1 m in thickness. The concrete is reinforced with steel rebar,visible in several locations. A 2"metal pipe enters the trough at the base on the western side and a 1"pipe enters it on the north side.No cultural remains were present Site 24549 is interpreted as an historic ranching feature based on its formal type and appearance.Itis unaltered and in good condition. Site 24550 Site 24550 is a complex of 895 agricultural features scattered throughout the project area (sec Figure 6). The site is comprised of 418 mounds, 409 modified outcrops, 38 terraces,five enclosures, five faced mounds,five platforms,five walls,four filled cracks,four krra'iwi, and two pavements.Rosen- dahl and Rosendahl (1985) identified 300 agricultural features in the inland project of the project area above the 230 ft elevation, designated as components of their Site T-21. However, the distribution of the agricultural features identified during the inventory survey was relatively continuous throughout the entire parcel.No cultural remains were noted on the surface of the site. 90 0 43 9.0 13.58 i,• ' 0 1.5 3.0 4.5m • Yv.v ;, r rr...,V S'S..... e w -..Y�,` �,V ......Y., / .. �: Frrrrrj y 7V V`'��J�GVH �```� a6 6f)) „fa �"� (0 •l r9J `*J I 1 `` '� '� rrJ ) +,J. —Sa�lwith ecaua°dcobblcs— '�` Digo ofbodmeJca�tuop w.tawom.. : Ay ,a r J irrik I • Vv JJ) t*.,w ,itro (0.5)-Height in Met= AeirAto' I 1 ""kat. •'-"' ^ .`'J J JL II wee. —Sed with aatetodoobbh� -L•Lw1T .`x•�71.%•1'1.,-,,�rr ,i • , V.. Caw*omtit...4A •3,-3 I l �1" -'•'' -1'11 1.1 � 1'r J., .11.1, ',11 -0 J,- sail )•)•-• fh110 „ 11 �"�1�trlill 1� Vaticaloobb. ��•11�';i' -S+'1-.'1.11^'';'1) • °.o. �' (0.>7 �y� '1 ""%-•;,'", ) OM goo: Cobble pavan= `.�..10�'�eh7 t►��1�� -1'+v -.,-. ))�))) o 0 (oa) �ft<<r�1 �1 3)4Zr� 4A ��.)3) ) )1) )3 3,,' gl t'*41/• 4110rib•�?�....)4141,001t-1-t440••iii ) .0 3)11131 )))))3 31 %.....•..,. . O ``• aA� °os�� 1'a°o°�tNlr�;b))�)i)) • Site 24546,Fea4treBWall r41dM' o°o°o°o°o o°o°o�P )! t!.y33 � (03) •'' •♦o°0°0°0°0° r`�.00^°^0 7�%•)Tt rr Its•: .' 0.4 LI` jo°o°o°o°o°o 1 19°403 L• 1" .. , -.>Ioll i, ( ) �r+aoO4O°o°0°°Oo troO°O°O0O`'itimp•)`ti< ' ' I rJAlso°o°o(0.4),'o°`a g• 0Oo°o°o°o c(�.'7'tr cobble,— ��.•t?o°o°8°0°0°0°o`�•.o'000 $11 •., •• lee'age: 0_0.o^000 �`• 0,S•i` • ;• , �'• Site 24546.Feature A Wal) , : ' VA Figure 51. Site 24548 Plan Map Mounds and Modified outcrops A total of 827 mounds and modified outcrops were identified during the study.These features are interpreted as clearing piles that were created by consolidating surface stones from adjacent planting areas. Typically these features are comprised of informally constructed piles of basalt cobbles and small boulders, with uneven sides and surfaces and no cultural remains.The mounds are comprised of stone piles situated on the ground surface and the modified outcrops consist of piled stones on exposed bedrock outcrops.No cultural remains were found in association with the clearing piles.The physical characteristics of these 827 features are summarized inAppendixA. The 827 clearing piles range in length from 0.8 to 13.2 m(averaging 2.84 m),in width from 0.6 to 8.5 m(averaging 1.65 m)and in height from 0.2 to 1.5 m(averaging 0.63 m). The majority of these fea- tures are irregularly shaped (n=433 or 53%)with the remainder consisting of oval-shaped (263 or 32%), linear(94 or 11 %)and circular(33 or 4%).Of the 827 features, 817(99%)are built of piled cobbles and small boulders with the ten remaining features constructed of stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders. Several of the agricultural features identified during the project correspond to sites and features previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985).Eight of the features were interpreted by Rosen- dahl and Rosendahl(1985)as habitation features. Features IW,MK and RX correspond to Rosendahl and Rosendahl's Sites T-25,T-26 and T-15, respectively. These features were subjected to subsurface testing during the inventory survey and based on the testing results were re-interpreted as agricultural features. Feature IW (184a) is a modified outcrop located in the central portion of the project area at c.210 ft elevation.This feature was previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)as a compo- nent of their Site T-25.The feature is located on the southern side of a large bedrock outcrop that is 12.5 m long(northeast by southwest), 8.5 m wide and from 0.9 to 1.5 m in height(Figure 52).The modified out- crop is irregularly shaped and is located in a depressed area within the outcrop. It is 4.8 m long(north- south)and 1.2 to 1.6 m wide. The southern end of the feature is 0.5 m in height and the northern end is level with the surface of the adjacent outcrop. The surface of the feature is uneven and irregular with no cultural remains. A 1.6 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-53)was excavated into the feature at the northern end,revealing a single layer of stones over bedrock(see Figure 52). Layer I consisted of 0.4 to 0.65 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. A small lava blister is located adjacent to the feature to the north, on top of the outcrop. The en- trance consists of a vertical hole that is 1.4 m long(north-northeast by west-southwest), 0.45 m wide and 1.5 m in depth. The entrance opens onto an oval-shaped chamber that is 1.5 to 2.2 m wide and 0.3 m in height.The floor is bare lava with no cultural remains present. Rosendahl and Rosendahl interpreted their Site T-25 as a habitation site(1985:48);however, the inventory survey results indicate that Feature IW and Feature IX(discussed below)are agricultural features based on their informal construction and absence of cultural remains. Feature MK(T-240a) is a modified outcrop built on and around a pahoehoe knoll in the central portion of the project area at 190 ft elevation_This feature corresponds to a previously identified feature of Rosendahl and Rosendahl's(1985) Site T-26, which consisted of a complex of a platform,an enclosure, one mound and four modified outcrops interpreted as habitation features. Little information concerning this site is available in the Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)report and no site map is available. The plat- form (Feature MK) and the enclosure (Feature ML) were relocated during the inventory survey and the platform was re-classified as a modified outcrop. There are 23 mounds and modified outcrops located within a 50.0m diameter area surrounding Features MK and ML)and it is impossible to correlate them with the Rosendahl and Rosendahl features. 92 r /,,,r 7/, • 0 3.0 6.0 9.Oft / ,,,, Edge of outcrop 0 1.0 ,, 2.0 3.Om // , (0.5)=Height in meters / y Slope direction / Vertical opening :',./. . 4144./ (1.5 m deep) N! i 3 Bare lava floor • r / /I / // rt.... (0 3)v ` Interior of blister 'k/ , I en / —Uneven outcrop— 17;"F' '!\T // I / / / /// //. / -... ' '`N.14 /.11J-53 •/ /, (0.0) `l�rl,S_4rr+�, odc) Datum', 10111:Slmilrzei w i /i I�+�li //// jai `1 / /�1��Vi�/, //// Feature IV! / •i��i/4«�Ji. // 1.5) (:Y�:,�1 0.5) lV�IPy?a a Southwest Face 1111 - 4.411:110X ', /// / l 0 � .� 5) / (0.55)a-7- .„. graivista 0r ��� � (0.4) FeatureIX 80cm /B, •' / 0 100 160cm —Uneven soil and low outcrops— Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains Figure 52. Site 24550, Features IW and IX Plan Map and TU-53 Southwest Face Profile The modified outcrop is irregularly shaped and is 13.2 m long(north-south),8.5 m wide and 0.8 to 1.3 m in height. The surface is irregular cobbles and boulders and no cultural remains were present The informal construction of the feature and the absence of cultural remains suggest an agricultural rather than a habitation function. Feature RX(T-252a)is a modified outcrop located in the south-central portion of the project area at c. 165 ft elevation.This feature,along with Features RY and RZ were previously identified by Rosen- dahl and Rosendahl(1985)as Site T-15,which was interpreted as a possible habitation site. The distribu- tion of these three features is presented in Figure 53. Feature RX was previously identified as a platform, but is actually a modified outcrop. The feature is built of crudely piled cobbles and small boulders on a small bedrock outcrop. It is roughly oval in shape and is 3.0 m long(northeast by southwest),2.2 in wide and ranges in height from 0.55 in to 1.0 m. The surface is uneven and irregular and no cultural remains were present. Subsurface testing conducted at the Feature RY terrace(discussed below) and the informal nature of the three features,resulted in their re-interpretation as agricultural features. Feature AGC (T-515b) is an oval-shaped mound located in the seaward portion of the project area,inland of the Site 6991 heiau at c.45 ft elevation.This feature and the adjacent Feature AGB terrace (discussed below) were previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985)as features of Site T-11 (Figure 54). This feature was relocated during the current project and designated as Feature AGC. The mound is 2.1 m long(northeast by southwest)and 2.0 m wide with a domed upper surface that ranges in height from 0.5 m to 0.6 in.No cultural remains were present. A 1.0 in by 1.0 m test unit(TU-47)was placed in the center of the Feature AGB mound,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 54).Layer I con- sists of 0.3 to 0.42 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II con- sists of 0.02 m to 0.20 in of dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt containing 15%pebble inclusions.No cultural ma- terial was recovered from Layer II. Rosendahl and Rosendahl interpreted the mound as a possible burial feature;however,based on the results of the subsurface testing and its informal construction it is an agricul- tural feature. A small blister is located on the southeast side of the Feature AGB mound. The blister is 0.8 m long by a maximum of 1.1 m wide. The height of the entrance is 0.4 m and it faces northeast toward the mound. The floor is bare lava and no cultural material was observed in association with the blister. Features YM (T-321d), YN(T-321c),YP (T-321e) and YR(T-321f) are crudely built piles of cobbles and small boulders located in the seaward portion of the project area,inland of the Site 6302 Ku- akini wall. These features, along with Features YO and YQ were previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)and designated as features of Site T-14 (Figure 55).These features were interpreted as agricultural features by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985). Feature ZP(T-388)is a modified outcrop located in the seaward portion of the project area,adja- cent to the west boundary of the Alii Highway Corridor at c. 75 ft elevation. This feature was identified during the inventory survey and consists of an oval-shaped pile of cobbles and small boulders built on and adjacent to a bedrock outcrop (Figure 56). The feature is 1.6 m long (northeast by southwest)by 1.0 m wide with the sides built of stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders.The sides range from 0.4 to 0.45 in in height and the surface is level and roughly paved.No cultural remains were noted. S Based on the presence of the roughly paved surface,a 1.0 m by 1.0 m test unit(TU-44)was placed in the center of the modified outcrop, revealing a single stone layer over bedrock(see Figure 56).Layer I consists of 0.17 to 0.23 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders, representing the pavement. No cultural material was recovered from Layer I. This feature was assigned an agricultural function based on the absence of cultural remains. 94 • (1.0) MFeat=. : 0.0)FeaoRX O 6.0 12.0 18.0ft (1.0) `t,:3N O 2.0 4.0 6.0m i.rr...i. (u 35) • Feature RY '.` 0.3) Edge of bcdrock outcrop •t7•r4t N'S1 (0S)—Height in meters i • ti�.i (0.7) t Slope direction • —Uneven ea with low outcrops —Ridge— i X40. +•• 0.8) (0.55) 1, • = Feature RZ Sea>baai Fete •• rr . � (oma; _. .._ • Datum OA) so®1, Datum Au •-• 0 100= o.(0-65) `-;`• Uri 1-Ie dy packed cabnta aed maa0 lnuldaa (0.7) ► No==1he Wm ley=R-Rut tom(10YRL])my with 50% gravel,pebble cod cobble i (02) c (02) No ailimal flasecoo Figure 53. Site 24550,Features RX,RY and RZ Plan Map and TU-51 Southeast Face Profile 95 / . / 1 / / / / / / / - / ' / 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft i / Iimmoommlisimmi /. / 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m • / —Bare lava with scattered cobbles— 1 / / Feature AGC / / (0.5) / Z I / / / (0.6) •:��akalekArla y// (0.) /. _I�`�� 'd '� / Edge of blister o /Ella A • i A(0A) \ 131.1171:11,41 41P ,P; Law blister �''� (0.55m tall) Uneven soil with low outcrops villa - (0.8) r`.% *gall4,, � —Baro lava wi I scattered cobbles— 0 Southeast Face II Feature AGBj I �ls-.1_ I /. (03)=Height inmeters / 60® II• ` /makk // / / 0 100cm 1 Slope da aaon / (0. ' / Layer 1-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; '_'T^'r Edge of outcrop No cultural romaine // // / / / / Layer 11-Dark brown(10YR 3l3)silt with 15%pebble / - inclusion;No cultural remains / Figure 54. Site 24550,Features AGB and AGC Plan Map and TU-47 Southeast Face Profile I • • \ -T Edge ofbedrock omcrop (0S) rai v..qtr. Faced side A 01"itsIle-IrOterg (0.5) Height is metes ari�rj:tOgiji j Slope direction 4O1Feature YQ ap 124.r1j1*kw.i wen collapse MO 4.0.74V gar 1 Opiums kw r a` •II AV Feature YN Feature YM • a i0 ,..i (O.1+7 \ (02) //O.1 �failktei• OAS) •1• , • (0.3) FeaiuoYO 4�::::04.r �ia-,iii . 111. �1r�-[4-tom •"ii ... . (OA) \ •-•_�+ :�b -- • •. -r. ��� �,'liatLt-•'��4 ; �.f� �, \ :�;ui�l���4]4 �Iil ***--•a EA Iv'OA• • i (03) .11ael,+42��., '.4.4011111�• �!J.���!r� �+1 (03 ro'ci�1�y. �!.�`1+0*�,alThiawll '•`J1. #Ll.�,•roi w P4� LINO r*r'�.� ;(03) '<tt� ll * \ 'tib i•4j�- 4. L.�it. 1411 r +11rig.%10 a.'I. . w. 'i ., f'•*J iD4 00 ale* .(o.a) ,• �(��� \ r �.��!�;�.�.�',��� f�t=i f�' iiT*•��-•L'I-i'i��►4.t'�: kik_el • ,,ger. "[�- ( � \ (1.1) L�a�.a� ),3 iii ii?r • o)/!)- •ism (033 , y���li t�•••` w--e. �t��r�+l r'', 1 \ 101 wow ) (0.3 •+{�` 0.05) tf J.40.#04 rrVie 0.1111914:40.011 do (0 It►11:•Jaffe, ' ', v (1.0)� ;11Or'. "NW.. `a a \ ••461N�1 (0.75) Vel= iak0a,...:. • .�.. +�=�� FeetureYP ` • �• tii��• i�S Deb.= • M iae.1 035) I • (07) ;-.w. ' O, � • rorp / :+;` , ; , ' W�� I • It���� r�� I1, t . � 14 � s 2.3 • t ,., I.. r :r,"... (0.6)'s... . Lf4t0.4) \ �TIVP Feat=YR .� \ \ west Face 0 _ ��t • 10 Ai ftsiii Alli Highway Corridor _ \ II 0 ' 43 9.0 13.511 \ 40em l` ' 0 100cm 0 1.3 3.0 4.5m \ \ Lard-Tightly psdmd cobbles ami=all bouldak No wheel remake \ Gaya II-Very dark brown(7JYR2 12)elk wIQ<30a0%grovel atdpebble \ ltxluskaa;No cultural remaha Figure 55. Site 24550,Feature YM-YQ Plan Map and TU-14 West Face Profile // 0.55) ' - - ` / '/ Edge of outcrop (0.6) /. / / (0.5)=Height in metas ' / ' // / / y Slope direction /• // / / / / 1 / / 1�l - Collapse / Datum • '11 A / -> '1'1 i 4. / '1.x'1 'l Alp -.... / /i4Vvlifte-Y) . e#111041 ii.' / / i4t AlWialiirefte Mmol 104 akikokfaiikiii.46 OA) 040V+.4.1011111TretV' stimerb...yre.a. dik___,...ti. TU-44 I (0.4) 0.45) I Uneven soil and outcrops I 0 1.5 3.0 4.5ft 0 0.5 1.0 1.5m Northeast Face Profile 0Pli �, ellill c�ir`iifsrr0r iBedrock. 60cm 0 100cm Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains Figure 56. Site 24550,Feature EP Plan Map and TU-44 Northeast Face Profile 98 Terraces Thirty-eight agricultural terraces were identified during the survey. These features typically con- sist of linear features constructed on sloping terrain with a stone retaining wall situated on the downslope side.The features are summarized in!able 6. These features functioned to retain level or slightly sloping soil areas for planting. No cultural remains were found in association with any of these terraces. The re- taining walls are built either of piled cobbles and small boulders(n=31),or stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders (8). The width of the terrace walls vary from 0.6 to 7.0 and average 2.1m wide The downslope sides of the terrace retaining walls range in height from 0.2 to 1.4 in,averaging 0.75 in,with the upslope sides ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 m in height,averaging 0.09 m.The terraces range in length from 2.3 to 11.5 in,averaging 5.4 m long. Several of the agricultural terrace identified during the project correspond to sites and features previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985). Six of the features were interpreted by Rosen- dahl and Rosendahl(1985)as habitation features.Features PW,RY,ST-1,ST-2,AGB and AIL correspond to Rosendahl and Rosendahl's Sites T-27,T-15b,T-16a nd b,T-11 and T-10b,respectively.Three of these six features were subjected to subsurface testing during the inventory survey and based on the testing re- sults were re-interpreted as agricultural features. The three remaining previously identified features were assigned agricultural functions based on their crude construction and absence of cultural remains. Feature PW(T-234f)is a crudely constructed terrace located in the central portion of the project area at 175 ft elevation.This feature and the adjacent Feature PX wall correspond to Rosendahl and Rosen- dahl's(1985)Site T-27,which they interpreted to be two attached platforms and a wall(1985:36).Exami- nation of these features during the survey indicates that Feature PW is a two tiered terrace built against the north and west sides of a bedrock outcrop(Figure 57). The feature has overall dimensions of 7.8 m long (east-west)and 7.0 in wide(north-south). The upper tier is located at the eastern end of the feature. It is roughly oval-shaped and is 4.4 in long(east-west)and 2.1 to 2.75 m wide.The north and east sides are constructed of piled cobbles and small boulders,ranging in height from 0.3 to 0.7 in.The southern side abuts the edge of the outcrop.The lower tier abuts the upper tier to the west.This portion of the feature is 0.8 m lower than the upper tier and is 7.0 m long (north-south)and from 1.6 to 2.7 m wide. The north and west sides consist of piled cobbles and small boulders that vary in height from 0.4 to 0.6 m.The surface of both tiers consists of uneven cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains present. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-52))was excavated into the surface of the upper tier at its western end,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer I1)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 57).Layer I consisted of 0.12 to 0.2 in of loosely packed cobbles with no cultural remains.Layer II consists of 0.05 to 0.08 m of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt with 10%gravel inclusions.This deposit was located in a pocket in the bedrock in the southeast corner of the unit.No cultural remains were present in Layer II. Rosendahl and Rosendahl interpreted Site T-27 to be a habitation(1985:48); however,examina- tion of Feature PW and the adjacent Feature PX wall(discussed below)during the survey resulted in their re-interpretation as agricultural features based on informal construction and absence of cultural remains. Feature RY(T-252b)is a terrace located in the south-central portion of the project area at 165 ft elevation (see Figure 53). This feature, along with Features RX and RZ were previously identified by Rosendahl(1985)as their Site T-15,which was interpreted as a possible habitation site.The Rosendahl and os rP terrace is oval-shaped and is 3.1 m long(north-northwest by south-southeast) and 2.8 m wide. A piled cobble and small boulder retaining wall extends along the eastern side with the remaining sides abutting the edge of a bedrock outcrop. The wall ranges in height from 0.3 m to 0.7 in. The terrace surface is uneven cobbles with no cultural remains. A 1.0 m by 1.0 m test unit(TU-51)was excavated into the terrace,revealing a stone layer(Layer I) overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 53).Layer I consisted of 0.5 in of 99 Table 6. Summary of Site 24550 Terraces Feature Length Width Upslope Downslope Construction Rosendahl and Field No. Height Height Rosendahl(1985) Site# C 4.8 1.60 0.1-0.2 0.7-0.8 Piled cobbles and boulders 6 D 6.1 2.50 0.0-0.1 0.5-0.6. Piled cobbles and boulders 31 F 5.3 1.90 0.0-0.1 0.5-0.8 Piled cobbles and boulders 33 K 10.0 4.10 0.0-0.1 0.6-0.7 Piled cobbles and boulders 29 • O 6.4 2.80 0.1-0.2 0.9-1.0 Piled cobbles and boulders 36 Z 11.2 3.50 0.0-0.2 0.9-1.2 Stacked and piled cobbles and boulders 23 ZA 4.5 1.50 0.0-0.1 0.4-0.9 Piled cobbles and boulders 256a AM 4.8 1.60 0.2-0.45 0.65-1.1 Piled cobbles and boulders 47a AN 2.3 1.10 0.0-0.1 0.8-0.9 Stacked and piled cobbles and boulders 47b AO 2.6 1.00 0.0-0.1 0.8-0.95 Piled cobbles and boulders 47c AS 4.5 2.50 0.0-0.1 0.95-1.1 Piled cobbles and boulders 48 BC 5.8 2.00 0.0.0.1 0.95-1.15 Piled cobbles and boulders 51 BF 8.5 2.00 0.0-0.1 0.2-0.9 Piled cobbles and boulders 61 BI 8.1 2.50 0.0-0.1 0.7-0.8 Piled cobbles and boulders 67 BM 5.1 1.50 0.0-0.1 0.6-1.3 Stacked and piled cobbles and boulders 76 BN 5.2 3.50 0.0-0.3 1.0-1.05 Piled cobbles and boulders 54 8S 8.9 1.50 0.2-0.3 0.5-0.7 Piled cobbles and boulders 9b CL 5.8 3.80 0.15-0.5 0.35-0.7 Piled cobbles and boulders 99 DK 4.5 0.90 0.0-0.1 0.6-0.7 Piled cobbles and boulders 135 EV 2.5 1.50 0.2-0.3 0.7-0.8 Piled cobbles and boulders 186a EW 2.5 1.50 0.0-0.1 0.7-0.75 Piled cobbles and boulders 186b EY 3.5 1.00 0.0-0.1 0.7-0.8 Piled cobbles and boulders 163 KF 2.7 1.40 0.1-0.2 0.6-0.65 Piled cobbles and boulders 221a LJ 3.6 1.40 0.2-0.3 0.7-0.75 Piled cobbles and boulders 218a MF 3.5 0.85 0.0-0.1 0.4-0.55 Piled cobbles and boulders 240o MO 3.5 1.50 0.0-0.1 0.65-0.75 Piled cobbles and boulders 242c MP 5.1 1.50 0.1-0.2 0.65-0.9 Piled cobbles and boulders 242d PW 7.8 7.00 0.00 0.3-0,7 Piled cobbles and boulders T-27 2341 RY 3.1 2.80 0.0-0.1 0.3-0.7 Piled cobbles and boulders T-15b 252b ST-1 7.5 1.50 0.0-0.1 0.3-0.6 Piled cobbles and boulders T-16b 254 ST-2 4.0 2.20 0.00 0.55-0.8 Piled cobbles and boulders T-16a 248 YY 6.8 1.30 0.0-0.2 0.75 Piled cobbles and boulders 315b i YZ 3.8 0.90 0.00 1.0-1.4 Stacked and piled cobbles and boulders 265 AGB 2.9 0.55 0.00 0.80 Piled cobbles and boulders T-11 515a AGH 7.4 1.50 0.00 0.9-1.0 Stacked and piled cobbles and boulders 421a AGE 4.3 2.30 0.00 0.8-1.2 Stacked and piled cobbles and boulders 458 i AGF 3.0 1.25 0.00 0.5-0.8 Stacked and piled cobbles and boulders 419 AIL 11.5 2.10 0.1-0.3 0.35-0.6 Piled cobbles and boulders 574 100 , „,„, Edge afculaOP (0.5)o Hdght W maims 0 4.5 9.0 13.5ft Slope direction Sloping rubble 0 1.5 3.0 4.5m l Upper der ‘ Iowa tier (0.51 ', (0.3) 1 (0. YIllp Feature B (0.5) nFA i)*1t ' VirielPhIlk 1065N-40.41101-4-.„/ . .�� (0.5) ��rr�r (0.451 . �4i .i �� Bedrock outcrop *it* .... ;/ But Pace (0.4) �;�:`•. ,,� [0 AI .„ Bedrock 1 40. 0 100cm Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles;No cultural remains I Uneven soil rad low outcrops__ Layer utc ops- Iayer II-Dark brown(IOYR 3/3)gilt with 10%gravel inclusions;No cultural remains Figure 57.Site 24550,Feature PW and PX Plan Map and TU-52 North Face Profile 0 dark brown(lOYR 3/3) silt containing 50%gravel, pebble and cobble inclusions.No material was recov- ered from Layer II. The informal construction of this feature and the absence of cultural remains resulted in its re-interpretation as an agricultural feature. Feature ST-2 (T-248)is a crude terrace located in the south-central portion of the project area at c. 180 ft elevation.This feature correlates to a component of Rosendahl and Rosendalrl's(1985) Site T-16. This site is described as a complex consisting of two terraces and nine mounds and modified outcrops lo- cated in a 30.0 m diameter area, and interpreted to be agricultural and possible habitation features (1985:29-30). Little information concerning these features is presented in Rosendahl and Rosendahl's (1985)report and no site map is presented. This area was carefully examined during the present study and two terrace features were identified (Features ST-1 and ST-2). Additionally, 12 mounds and modified outcrops were recorded in the 30.0 m diameter area surrounding the terraces,but it was impossible to positively correlate them without a site plan map.The Feature ST-1 terrace is crudely constructed of piled cobbles and small boulders that does not re- semble a habitation feature.The ST-2 terrace is rectangular in shape and is 4.0 m long(north-south)and 2.2 m wide (Figure 58). The north and west sides consist of roughly stacked cobbles and small boulders that range in height from 0.55 to 0.8 m.The east and south sides abut bedrock outcrops.The surface consists of uneven cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-12)was excavated into the center of the terrace, revealing a stone Iayer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 58).Layer I consisted of 0.75 to 0.8 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II consisted of 0.1 to 0.15 m of a very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt with 50%cobble and pebble inclusions. No cultural remains were present. Feature ST-2 is interpreted to be agricultural component of the Site 24550 complex based on its informal construction and the absence of cultural remains. Feature AGB(T-515a)is a crude terrace located in the seaward portion of the project area,inland of the Site 6991 heiau, at c. 45 ft elevation.This feature and the adjacent Feature AGC mound(discussed below) were previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985)as their temporary Site T-11 (see Figure 54). The terrace is comprised of a linear pile of cobbles and small boulders, placed against the southwestern side of a soil covered outcrop.The feature is 2.9 m long(northwest by southeast)and 0.55 m wide.The southwest side of the feature averages 0.8 in height,and is level with the surface of the outcrop on the northeast side_The surface of the feature is uneven and irregular and no cultural remains were pre- sent. Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985:47) assigned the feature an agricultural function. Examination of Feature AGB during the inventory survey confirms this interpretation. Feature AIL(T-574)is a crude terrace located in the seaward portion of the project area at c. 30 elevation.This feature corresponds to a terrace previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985) that they designated as Feature B of Site T-10. This terrace is comprised of a roughly piled cobble and small boulder retaining wall on the western downslope side that is 11.5 m long(north-south),2.1 m wide and 0.35 to 0.6 m in height.The area inland of the wall consists of exposed bedrock and soil with scattered cobbles.No cultural remains were present at the feature. Five newly identified agricultural terraces are described below. These features were either sub- jected to subsurface testing,or are associated with features that were tested. Feature YY (T-315b)is a terrace located in the seaward portion of the project area inland of the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall. The terrace abuts the southeastern side of the Feature YX enclosure (discussed below;Figure 59).The terrace is linear in shape and is 6.8 in long(east-west)and from 1.1 to 1.3 m wide. The terrace consists of a piled cobble and small boulder retaining wall along.the north side that slopes down to the north This wall averages 0.75 in in height on the downslope side with a maximum height of 0.2 m on the upslope side.The area to the south of the wall is a level soil deposit with scattered cobbles and no cultural remains. Subsurface testing was undertaken at the adjacent Feature YX, yielding no cultural remains. 102 Edge of••••••• T Slope direction - CD (0.6) ) Collapse (0.7 r'2 ' 'n e?-• r• _— (0.55) c &' l.t14 —Uneven Boil and low outcrops— pthili r 1111ak=J 1 l_'^ • Datum �11111 ArrasIAA Ira ir►�-. i zv-12 .fili:+�i,i`!i 0.0 ril. 11* (0.8) Vita .IN-414 - p - - - &S 6 , West Face x0 %I OM all a.11111 WWII" .44 Oa AI 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft ///1 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m 0 100= Layer 1-Tightly packed cobbles and®all boulders; No cultural ruins • i Layer II-Very dark brown(17.5YR 25/2)alit with 50% cobble and pebble inclusion;No cultcual mains Figure 58. Site 24550,Feature ST-2 Plan Map and TU-12 West Face Profile 103 Edgebaiedtocaw (0-s)^Heigh to cel. (^�,,(,^��r'..Jv \ • Slope dhecdm . Leve*.011 op;=grabble 0 1.! 7.D 43@ Sk ..+ /Or o os Lo Iso ig, any Daum • IllFos0sre YX • (0J) Aria . t,i Oil1001144 mss^ �'� (0.7S)• • :���� \' �opi�) ^-^i-vT'ti^ -i�'�. ,.,^..'ti.^^^ PeaL. YY r (0.4) Cmc ^�ilt p�*�1-?-1•i•1.,�^ � n.,^..^' ^`AFI.^..^^'X.•:.. ^f.^ ..v��-r •n "}:�v'Y. -+,^n Tom ^^^^ (0.0) i ��^'� �'�'�`.�..^�,•`^?.^ ^„ -n-as^^^. (02) - —Lare7 veil with acet�ed cobble,— _ Na-tha0 Pam - 0 I 20.1 -- _ 0 10® - Tarn Vay dark brow(7jyR 27/3)CSt with 10-20%®mel ead prbhtn baduaant;No m.10ae7»xzln5 Figure 59.Site 24550,Features YX and YY Plan Map and 11J-28 Northeast Face Profile Feature YZ(T-265)is a tenace located in the north-central portion of the project area at c. 150 ft elevation.The terrace consists of a retaining wall along the western side of the feature that is 3.8 m long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and 0.9 m wide(Figure 60). The wall is built of piled and stacked cobbles and small boulders, ranging in height from 1.0 to 1.4 m.The eastern side of the retaining wall is level with the base of a slope that angles down to the west.The area inland of the retaining wall consists of a sloping soil deposit in the northern portion and an exposed outcrop in the south and southeast No cultural remains were present A 1.0 m by 1.0 m test unit(TU-13) was excavated into the surface of the terrace at the southern end,revealing a single stone layer over bedrock(see Figure 60). Layer I consisted of 0.5 to 0.75 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Feature AGE(T-458)is a rectangular terrace located in the seaward portion of the project area at c.'73 ft elevation.The terrace is 4.3 m long(north-south)and 2.3 m wide,built against the western side of a bedrock outcrop(Figure 61).There is a stacked and piled cobble and small boulder retaining wall along the west side of the feature that is 1.05 to 1.2 m in height.Portions of this wall are faced. The remaining por- tions of the west side and the north and south ends have collapsed outward.The surface consists of level but unpaved cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. A 1.5 by 1.0 in test unit(TU-38)was excavated in the center of the terrace,revealing a stone layer (Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 61).Layer I consisted of 0.13 to 0.72 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Layer II consisted of 0.09 to 0.18m of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt with 50%cobble and pebble inclusions.No cultural remains were recovered from Layer II. Feature AGF(T-419)is a linear terrace located 14.5 m east of Feature AGE,in the seaward por- tion of the project area at c. 74 ft elevation(see Figure 61). The terrace is 2.95 m long(north-south) and 1.25 m wide,built against the western side of a bedrock outcrop.The)western side is constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders that range in height from 0.5 to 0.8 m.Portions of the west side are faced with the remaining sides having collapsed outward.The surface consists of level but unpaved cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. A 1.25 by 1.0 in test unit(TU-36) was excavated in the center of the terrace, revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that,rests on bedrock(see Figure 61).Layer I consisted of 0.11 to 0.75 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Layer II consisted of "^0.02 to 0.10 in of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)sill with 30%cobble and pebble inclusions.No cultural remains were recovered from Layer II. Feature AGH(T-421a)is a terrace located in the seaward portion of the project area at c. 75 ft elevation on the side of a slope that angles down to the west(Figure 62).The terrace is linear shaped and is 7.4 m long(north-south)and from 1.5 to 2.3 m wide.There is a stacked and piled cobble and small boulder retaining wall extending along the western downslope side of the feature,ranging in width from 0.7 to 0.95 m and in height from 0.9 to 1.0 in.The areas inland and seaward of the wall consists of a level soil deposit with no cultural remains.The north and south ends of the terrace consist of sloping areas of rubble. A 0.9 by 0.7 m test unit(TU-37)was excavated into the soil deposit below the retaining wall at the southern end of the feature,revealing a single soil layer over bedrock(see Figure 62).Layer I consisted of 0.04 to 0.15 in of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt with 25%cobble and pebble inclusions.No cultural remains were recovered from Layer I. A second test unit(TU-40)was excavated into the terrace retaining wall at the northern end.This 2.0 by 1.0 m unit revealed a•stone layer(Layer 1)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock (see Figure 62).Layer I consisted of 0.26-0.9 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cul- lural remains. Layer II consisted of 0.05 to 0.08m of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt with 10%cobble and pebble inclusions.No cultural remains were recovered from Layer II. • 105 0 1,5 3.0 4.5ft 01147m.....1" .....11".5 1.0 1.5m (0.5)=Height in meters r C . C` ,�� >� Slope dir+erti® c. CC < <<•vv.` ) Collapse C( CC0 ) C Slap eiii I soil �.0MAW (0.0) 'eV ik eteAgt4 141,(l.0) �,�I' w!i �m (0.5) // ri*iilti eAli /// • Datuni 1L0S. ,,,r►' // 11641 4+1117; . TU-13 \.14070110211.411101 �.�•.�'i.^1 (0.0) Bare oidanp (1.4) ;���.�,.. 1�� w_ , 41 ' IMoir /// , . . , , , , . ;. , //' • / (0.7) • / Bare outcrop North Face liraPia4.1041102 • / r ��lr:' -go'' I /% 0 \ 100cm Layer I-Tightly packed cobbles mud small boulders; No cultural remains Figure 60. Site 24550,Feature YZ Plan Map and TU-13 North Face Profile 106 TU-36 711-38 71742 North Pecs North Poee W00 14. t4.141 a:D . � > /•+Q`rAr� � %= 111 '''''' re 6 140® 8p® war//.-'/ p Mom . Lyer1-Loov�'pukedcobbles end®O baW ® das 100 ''-4 AdA No cvttmd maim Lye 1-I.axctypedord abbw ad®ell hooldmeAIM Paelom AGO No calbael sombre o 100® 1.8713 li-MA brawn(I0YR 3/3)dh with 30% ,�^x•035) cobble and pebble Moslem;No adhmd IaryarN-Dads brown(I0YR 3E)dtwith 5096 Law 1-Loco*Perked cobbles ad small boulders e; T ^ oemsbas cobble end pebble lvctselaca:No admnl No cabala remake 1r f. %e.. •a-' =maim .1I•!Zi7�i1•.-i (0 �7.1f i��a,.. Lyc II-Omit broom(IOYA 3E)LE with 5096 f••1i�i:Ilif • nobble ad pebble btdoatoer No crinael • remdns 11142(IA '..i Datum a + Fa..n AGE ` (03) I r s N,• —Emma 030 ad ootaopc— Feat=ACM A 44 046 I re� �R�i•1w�•• a • Edge of outcrop e!� au•'�t.° o De= :�'!b\• 0.0) IV.38 �'e1y �..• • � �;^ -- (OS)-Neigh in Were y.:!a�. • (0.0) I Wocawom cobble °Z.,'.......'-'4*.•. •A arras d•o (0.73) •, 0 (1'9 i•thilse�' A Oman 711-36 -..ei.• •ittai��11; �i•�ai•• ' 8lope§ion �..�7,L•• 0_,..___,_,_3 o6.0 9.0@ (03) 'to' • L �v0•L1. • 0 1020 ).Om —•-hoodei63 Figure 61.Site 24550,Features AGD,AGE,AGF Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 36,38 and 42 N-]7 Nag TUi0 &nth Fue Nm,h Pam North Frog 0 ]l 60 9A° Il ;; °° 1111 Plirassalms j y+����r�� 130am �� �/ • � - 0 .., 140m ..../ Al 0 100 m0am 41Q I-L9we7yFackalcabbl®md mull baddar, No cultural=min ]a7er1-Lamely packed cobblm ea1small bore; Geyer 11-Dvkbrowa(10Y11 la)silt wits 10% NG collmml magas (0.6) 0�(` cobble ,d Fiesta b.olNo olOa4 .1=1 Layer D-10d[tame(10YR 323)01 with 30% r. Fame A�� -Fr((`` � �� cobble and*Ma Iach:J�;No collard 0 el 44�`7),)(05) eVVr L` C LhOtm t71 Vet trt: I Famua AQ �► e► Lard sail (0.9 `fm. —Varna mil sad actscwpc— iii, I .w:•tlib N-37 •it L.erelwll \_B66060LOP. (1.1 tom{+it;', a tt.I. A 'N (0.7 MOR-)7 Leg �,� (1.0 V.. — i..'- ,,,,,,„.,.. Edip.ofoataop - (1.0) t�•r)t . (•ill-t ;-``�J y1 ' (03)'Height in mat= gym' 41'.+ _ .N.0 caueoa C rrlrl:f�44:-.��j1� ( y '•;i t; r Slope dheotlw0 (0.6) Figure 62.Site 24550,Features AGH and AGE Plan Map and Profiles of TUs 37,39 and 40 ( Enclosures Five agricultural enclosures were identified during the project. These features are generally crudely built and were likely used to delineate the boundaries of small garden plots.These consist of three features previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)and two that were identified during the inventory survey. The previously identified enclosures consist of Features IX,ML and YQ which corre- spond to Rosendahl and Rosendahl's Sites T-25, T-26 and T-14a, respectively. The enclosures are de- scribed below. Feature IX(T-184b)is a small enclosure located in the central portion of the project area at 210 ft elevation,adjacent to the Feature IW modified outcrop.Features IX and IW(previously discussed)corre- spond to Rosendahl and Rosendahl's Site T-25(1985).The examination of the Feature IX enclosure during the inventory survey indicates it is oval in shape and is 2.25 m long(northeast by southwest) and 1.4 m wide(see Figure 52).The northeast end abuts the southern end of the Feature 1W modified outcrop and the northwest side is bordered by a bedrock outcrop.The southwest and southeast sides are comprised of piled cobble and small boulder walls that range in width from 0.4 to 1.2 m and in height from 0.3 to 0.8 m.The interior of the enclosure consists of a soil deposit with scattered cobbles and no cultural remains. Rosendahl and Rosendahl interpreted their Site T-25 as a habitation site(1985:48);however,Fea- ture IX and the adjacent Feature IW modified outcrop are interpreted to be agricultural features based on their informal construction and absence of cultural remains. Feature GL (T-190) is a double enclosure located in the central portion of the project area at c.225 ft elevation.The enclosure is 9.2 in long(north-south)and 6.3 m wide,with two compartments sepa- rated by a common wall(Figure 63). The northern enclosure is 6.2 m long(north-south)and from 2.9 to 6.4 m wide,with walls that are built of piled and roughly stacked cobbles and small boulders.These walls range in width from 0.6 to 1.2 m and in height from 0.3 to 1.2 in. The compartment is open to the north- west. The southern compartment is 3.0 m long(north-south)and 4.7 to 4.9 m wide.The north and west sides are bordered by piled cobble and small boulder walls that range in width from 1.5 to 2.1 in and in height from 0.5 to 1.2 m.The east side is bordered by a bedrock outcrop with stones piled on the outcrop at the southern end.This compartment is open to the south. Level soil is present in each of the two compartments.A 0.5 m by 0.5 m test unit(TU-24)was ex- cavated in the approximate center of the north enclosure,revealing a soil deposit overlying bedrock(see Figure 63). Layer I consists of 0.18 to 0.2 m of a very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt containing 20-30% gravel and pebble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer I. Feature ML(T-242b)is a crude enclosure located in the central portion of the project area at c. 190 ft elevation. This feature corresponds to a previously identified feature of Rosendahl and Rosen- dahl's (1985) Site T-26, which consisted of a complex of a platform an enclosure, one mound and four modified outcrops. Little information concerning this site is available in the Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985) report and no site map is provided. The platform (Feature MK) and the enclosure (Feature ML) were relocated during the inventory survey,although the platform was re-classified as•a modified outcrop. There are 23 mounds and modified outcrops located within a 50.0m diameter area surrounding Features MK and ML and it is not possible to correlate them with the features reported by Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985). The enclosure is roughly circular in shape and 5.1 m long(north-south)and 4.5 In wide with an opening on the western side. The walls are built of piled cobbles and small boulders and range in width from 0.70 to 1.5 in wide and 0.6 to 0.7 in in height.The interior of the enclosure consists of thin soil over bedrock and no cultural remains were present. The crude method of construction of this feature and the absence of cultural remains suggests an agricultural function. 109 ,--,, • , Bedrock isoll ; f i / • I Slope directIon . ; 1 i •-•._, Wan collapse ) , (0.7) A ,-. _ • . Edge of bedrock outcrop filkew.'• -. '•. (0.5) Height ia toot= •. 1111416111a)." p ',•• AftAir. ''. ' r i.. , "Nip (03 '. •. (0.• 1.2) ,• m..111..„ (03) (035) (0.7) .- 4.116 •N-' ' • (((CVO\ C Ctrq.C(0.-iiI1 1 410 (0.3) .11, ea, Lave soil • ( t.t.(.1. 1...-1 . tOsilj -, tt.‘• L 0-'1'1-, 400.11/Pr) TU. lall 33 ) 24-F - 1-.'(• ‘1-.--1-?:Z-1-0 (0.1) ))) (1-2) '-' (( 1((1))))) • l -6:1 ••• L l Li. v. IA in,,., .. '' • A•L k. 03) 5 ,(.,.t&,Y_'-,_24, .)?)...<",....77,2;":„.,•7--;,- ,^,;'FAcr:. .s.-.--„z;.P1 Q.:`-k:t`t.`-'-r-;-,-,;-'•:c;74 -,':':;k,_' 1".',,,c,,,-^7-F-_,90-d )JPJJ))-' t.,-t_'-'-e•Zi--- -,-1-1.^ Li.l....-0.._ .c.. 4-4,,47-,•-•-• s,„,,,,,, J-13..?J-1-1 -'-,• , (1.7.c.L(.-. .„z,....,,I-z7, ,__,,...,,,_ • U t t ZS& 3...Y4 15-'‘‘.1-Y-•3 4•1) '•,0- J .y.e., 5.,.;it-J,..3fre--,,-_,) (0.5K`et--t`ci.t• JD) 3 V , 3feJ J a j a - • , .t.('''()... . •' )3. )))11))) Level L t.. ) ))> 0.8 "L i-k-CIA-»3)) )))) 80il . Lc, , qvi,, it t ),?)jA tu,....,:e;-.TA.9) ILW(Et`c• ......,,, 6,;:::„<„,.....• 1 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft (1.2) }6• 14•41 ..6.1.6,.... " 0 10 2.0 3.0m (O. ',• , South F acc ( 0 I ,7 Bedrock 30cm ///././ ../.., 0 50cm Layer I-Very,dark broom(7.5YR 2.5/2)sift with 20-30%gavel and pebble inclusions;No cultural remains Figure 63. Site 24550,Feature GL Plan Map and TU-24 South Face Profile _ . no 1 Feature YX(T-315a)is an enclosure located in the seaward portion of the project area inland of the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall.The enclosure is located at the northwestern end of the Feature YY terrace (discussed above). The enclosure is roughly circular in shape measuring 2.4 m in diameter and is open at the north end(see Figure 59). The walls of the feature are built of roughly stacked and piled cobbles and small boulders, ranging in width from 0.3 to 1.0 m and in height from 0.4 to 0.6 m. The interior is com- prised of a level soil deposit with no cultural remains. A 0.5-m by 0.5 m test unit(TU-28)was excavated in the center of the enclosure,revealing a soil deposit overlying(see Figure 59). Layer I consists of 0.07 to 0.13 m very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2) silt containing 10-20%gravel and pebble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer I. Feature YQ (T-321a) is a crude enclosure located in the seaward portion of the project area, inland of the Site 6302 Kuakini wall at c. 122 ft elevation.This feature,along with Features YM-YP and YR were previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)and designated as features of Site T- 14.The enclosure corresponds to Rosendahl and Rosendahl's Feature A of Site T-14.Feature YQ is situ- ated adjacent to the Feature YO agricultural platform to the west(see Figure 55).The majority of the en- closure is located outside the present project area within the Alii Highway Corridor. The enclosure is open on the northeast end with overall dimensions of 6.7 m long(northeast by southwest)and 5.8 m wide.The feature is constructed of crudely stacked cobbles and small boulders and incorporates several low bedrock outcrops.The walls of the feature vary in width from 0.85 to 1.55 m and in height from 0.15 to 1.0 in.The enclosure floor consists of shallow soil overlying exposed bedrock. No cultural remains were present. Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)interpreted this feature as a possible habitation terrace.Examina- tion of it during the survey indicates that it is a crude enclosure.No evidence was found to indicate a habi- tation function and it is likely that it functioned as an agricultural enclosure. Faced Mounds The survey identified five faced mounds that differ from the mounds/modified outcrops discussed above in that they are more formally constructed with vertical faced sides.All five features were tested and none contained cultural remains. The results of the testing suggest that they are simply well-built clearing features. Feature AJ (T-16) is a faced mound located in the northeastern portion of the project area at c.410 ft elevation.The mound is oval in shape and is 2.5 m long(east-west),2.0 m wide and from 0.4 to 0.6 in in height (Figure 64). The mound is constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders, with a slightly domed upper surface.The north,east and west sides are faced and the southern side has collapsed outward.No cultural remains were present. A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-16)was excavated in the center of the mound,revealing a stone layer (Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 64).Layer I consisted of 0.55 to 0.62 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Layer II was comprised of 0.03 to 0.06 m of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt with 20-30%pebble and gravel inclusions.No cultural remains were present in Layer II. Feature UJ(T-329a) is a faced mound located in the north-central portion of the project area at c. 130 ft elevation.The main portion of the feature is 2.4 in long(east-west)and 2.0 m wide,with an area of collapse extending to the north and east(Figure 65).The west and southwestern sides of the feature are intact,with stacked and faced sides ranging in height from 0.17 to 1.0 in.The collapsed portions range in height from 0.2 to 0.7 m.The surface is slightly convex with no cultural remains present. A 1.2 in by 1.0 in test unit(TU-2)was excavated into the center of the mound,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer 11)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 65).Layer I consists of 0.28 to 0.55 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Layer II consists of 111 (0.5) Height in meters y Slope direction ) 03145c )) 4.."thir‘ Faced side (0.7) ( S) 111-16 daft' elliffelgt look .11,0104 -twitiresia 1621114traillir fp (0.5)al leimg"- (0, f--Ow LI 40.111 solig. g •1,..111 0. sarivraroc. ift orlitANOTO.-w 1/4_1 LI (0.5) West Face 0 - '"irdiardnalk 0 1.5 3.0 4.5ft Ridl • kV 0 0.5 1.0 1.5m . -A -LAI SOcm //A drc,k 0 100cm Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural imams Layer II.Dark brown(IOYR 3/3)mit with 10-30%pebble and gravel inclusions;No cadtanal reroaics Figure 64. Site 24550,Feature AJ Plan Map and TU-16 West Face Profile • • • 112 -- - I i (0.5)-Height in meters em ^ r^r�}, ?, r-N^ r-N 1 Slope direction (sr(�f)-, ^7-,^^rc'rM r, rrrr re,^^, ,r ^^��„^ ) Collapse )) r, r ^ ;,�em _ v^) .� (0.5) t "1 Faced side 'rr 1 VM r' ^r,^^r, r'rS'^r,r, 'r,^'� "l'1 '1 (0.7) r r!' r rnr^,r'^r,r'S^',,"r-N, � 1 re,,rcrrcrrArcr‘ccre_y_,,-,:ele:\i-ar.:essi^7;Nretr;; ;) . ..,14).. .--r).;) ))..) j),'-.) r re- _r'' r,r,-� -,-) -1 -1'Th-1 ))� ) ) err ^r;�r'f^�--) "- ) '� )'')) r ) > )) ))) )) � rrr, r' r ^ fir, ' ) ))))) ))) >> rrr AlliihribIo" ) ) ) ) )) ) rrr '�i� ))) )) )>> ) g��XI.Y�.l,))) �))�)))) )) (o.� r`%rt�,��.� )�-))eirraipt-wwwlie -) ).) ).) ».))) )3 to soims..-,AN•ap» ) p 02) - _» 3 j.) TU" "deg*1411141114Wilditaralli)-;61 i ), ) ) , arilwria impitnirs.i'morre•-•1 W.4111—..) ''j 3) j ,)j 011111106101k4111Aaallar i)i -1.) ji .)-)j (1.0) rik*elk*_- -'''.- . ___I? ji J.5))3 AO Wirdir 4"1"lir 1 F II P i-j J -.).1 Alp • J <��Wel 1 JJJ J J JJJ-)J J Datum J J -JJ J JJ J (03) J JJJJJ� JJ North Face 0 ���� 01. 1.5 3.0 imillimi4.SR _.r�r�'� .►_I/ / o o.s 1.0 1.sm ' //Ben/ 0 120cm Layer 1-Loosely packed oobblea and small bauldms No cultural remains Layer II-Dark brown(10YR 3/3)sat with 20.30%pebble and gravel inclusions;No cultural remains Figure 65.Site 24550,Feature UJ Plan Map and TU-2 North Face Profile 113 • 0.12 to 0.16 m of dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt containing 20-30%gravel and pebble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. Feature ADK(T-425)is a faced mound located in the seaward portion of the project area,west of the western boundary of the An Highway corridor at c.75 ft elevation.The mound is oval-shaped and is 3.1 in long(northeast by southwest)and 2.1 in wide(Figure 66).The north and northwest sides are intact and faced,ranging in height from 0.5 to 0.7 m.The remaining sides of the mound have collapsed outward, varying in height from 0.7 to 0.8 m.The surface is slightly domed and no cultural remains were present. A 1.0 m by 1.0 in test unit(TU-43)was excavated in the center of the mound,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 66).Layer I consists of • 0.83 to 0.88 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders, and no cultural remains. Layer II consists 0.21 to 0.24 m of a dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt containing 10%pebble and cobble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer H. Feature AGD (T-426) is a faced mound located in the seaward portion of the project area at c.72 ft elevation,8.0 m northeast of the Feature AGE terrace(discussed above-see Figure 61).The fea- ture is oval-shaped and is 3.1 m long (northeast by southwest) and 2.0 m wide. The sides are built of stacked cobbles and small boulders that range in height from 0.35 to 1.1 in.The southwestern side is faced and the northeast side has collapsed.The surface is level but unpaved cobbles and small boulders.No cul- tural remains were present A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-42)was excavated into the center of the mound, revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 61).Layer I consists of 0.18 to 1.0 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Layer II consists of 0.03 to 0.04 in of dark brown(10YR 3/3) silt containing 50%gravel and pebble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. Feature AGI(T-421c)is a faced mound located in the seaward portion of the project area at c.76 ft elevation, 7.5 m east of the Feature AGH terrace(discussed above-see Figure 62).The feature is rec- tangular shaped and is 1.65 m long(north-south)and 1.1 m wide.The sides are built of stacked cobbles and small boulders that range in height from 0.5 to 1.1 in,The western side is faced and the surface is level but unpaved cobbles and small boulders.No cultural remains were present A 1.0 by 1.0 m test unit(TU-39)was excavated into the center of the mound, revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 62).Layer I consists of 0.4 to 1.1 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II consists of 0.03 to 0.07 m of dark brown(10YR 3/3)silt containing 10%gravel and pebble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. • Platforms The survey identified five agricultural platforms.Four of the platforms were newly identified dur- ing the study and one(Feature YO)corresponds to a feature of Rosendahl and Rosendahl's Site T-14.Four of the platforms were tested and three contained no cultural remains. The fourth(Feature SU)contained a single volcanic glass flake.The results of this testing indicate that these features simply represent well-built agricultural clearing piles,similar to the previously discussed faced mounds. Features CU and CV are oval-shaped platforms located in the inland portion of the project area, seaward of the Site 24380,Feature A wall and south of the Site 24380,Feature B enclosure at c.280 ft ele- vation(Figure 67). Feature CU(T-114a) is a small platform constructed on the south side of a bedrock outcrop. The platform is constructed of roughly stacked cobbles and small boulders,partially collapsed on the north and east sides. The platform is 2.6 in long by 2.0 m wide and varies in height from 0.7 in to 0.9 in. The surface is level but unpaved and no cultural remains were present 114 /Yv Faced side (0.7) (0.5)=Heigbt in meters 1 (0.5) 41111111.0.4 Slope direction arillPOW101111 (0.g) 1 w �j ..♦4 - ) J TU-43 e: r, JJJ rt �'.IVA.h.r. ,;',/jf, ihnnlikritlititi 0.8) C C �� J �, rte✓ `� (`Wv ••'J"J J �� �Ji� `j Uneven soil and outcrops (0.7)) (0.8) r 0 3.0 6.0 9.Oft Immnimodnismipsnmip 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m North Face a 4 in >�ti•tilb1 • II 100cm Bedrock 0 100cm Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No caltotal remains Lays II-Dark lumen(10YR 3/3)silt with 10% cobble and pebble inclusions;No cultural remains Figure 66. Site 24550,Feature ADK Plan Map and TU-43 North Face Profile 115 (0.2) ^s� (0.7) 0 3.0 6.0 9.08 0 1.0 2.0 .Om (0.8) otLi ,`�),JI j Feature CU 4--(010.* (0.7) —Level soil and low outcrops- 1 (0.8) r • =�,,; Feature CV fee :Oh1 LA irtsiarlt. ( `nit 0.4) ,,V (0.55) (0.3) • Edge of bedrock outcrop East Face (0.5)=Height in meters 0 "11%1110k Slope direction kOVLOINI it./ wall collapse 11110440 sir Bedrock„nig 80cm 0 100cm Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains Layer II-Very dark grayish brown(1OYR 3/2)silt with 25%cobble and pebble inclusions; No cultural remains Figure 67. Site 24550,Features CU and CV Plan Map and TU-55 East Face Profile 116 A 1.0 m by 1.0 m test unit(TU-55)was placed in the approximate center of the platform,reveal- ing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 67).Layer I consists of 0.38 to 0.55 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains.Layer II consists of 0.1 m of very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2)silt containing 25%pebble and cobble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. The Feature CV(T-144b)is a smallplatform located 4.0 m south of Feature CU.The platform is constructed of crudely stacked cobbles and small boulders,mostly collapsed on the north,south and west sides. The collapsed and stacked portions of the feature cover an area 2.7 m long by 1.7 m wide(4.6 sq m). The height of the platform varies from 0.5 m to 0.8 in. The surface is level but unpaved cobbles with no cultural remains present. Feature SU(T- 121)is an oval-shaped platform located in the inland portion of the project area, seaward of the Site 24380,Feature B enclosure at c.270 ft elevation(Figure 68).The platform is partially constructed on top of a bedrock outcrop. The sides of the structure have mostly collapsed with the intact portion measuring 4.1 m long(northwest by southeast) and 3.0 m wide. The east side of the platform is constructed of stacked cobbles and small boulders.The height of the feature varies in height from 0.4 m to 1.0 m. The surface consists of a level poorly-sorted pavement of cobbles and small boulders. No cultural material was observed in association with the platform. A 1.0 m by 1.0 in test unit(TU-54)was placed in the approximate center of the platform,reveal- ing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests.on bedrock(see Figure 68).Layer I consisted of 0.30 m of tightly packed gravel,pebbles,cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II consists of 0.23 to 0.71 m of very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2)silt containing 15%gravel,peb- ble and cobble inclusions. One volcanic glass flake was recovered from Layer II. Feature XH (T-306a) is a platform located in the north-central-portion of the project area at c. 130 ft elevation. The platform is irregularly shaped and is 7.9 m long (north-south)and from 2.9 to 5.8 m wide(Figure 69). The east,south and northeast sides are comprised of roughly stacked cobbles and small boulders,with the western side comprised of sloping rubble.The sides of the platform range in height from 0.35 to 0.8 in.No cultural remains were present. , A 1,0 m by 1.0 m test unit(TU-8),was excavated into the south-central portion of the feature,re- vealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II) that rests on bedrock (see Figure 69). Layer I consists of 0.2 to 0.32 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II consists of 0.08 to 0.22 m of a very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt containing 10-20%gravel inclu- sions located in pockets within the bedrock. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. Feature YO (T-321b) is a small platform located in the seaward portion of the project area, inland of the Site 6302 Kuakini Wall at c. 115 ft elevation.This feature,along with Features YM,YN,and • YP-YQ were previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)and designated as features of Site T-14.The platform corresponds to Rosendahl and Rosendahl's Feature B of Site T-14.It is roughly rectan- gular in shape and is 3.8 m long(northeast by southwest)by 2.8 m wide(see Figure 55).The sides are con- structed of stacked cobbles and small boulders that range in height from 0.5 to 1.1 m.The western portion is intact with faced sides, though the eastern portion has collapsed outward. The surface is comprised of uneven cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. A 1.0 m by 1.0 in test unit(TU-14)was excavated into the center of the platform,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 55).Layer I consists of 0.45 to 0.58 m of tightly packed cobbles and small boulders,with no cultural remains.Layer II consists of 0.08 to 0.25 of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt containing 30-40%gravel and pebble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)interpreted this platform as a possible habitation.The results of its investigation during the current survey indicate that it a well-built agricultural feature. 117 I (0.75) —Thin soil over bedrock— ^ I i_ (0.8) _ ,Pr- F rte.r,���`-NRR -• ter.-N`jz\ - — — (OA) - rr reek,' rr- r+^^_ (' r rrs r, r' M ry^ r,r.^,1 .1 .1'1.1 Arc , ce6C' r r r-(2-Pr'r /1^,^ ^^^ -{�,1,51,1.1 C r( C<< Traci f �C r'r?,�``1-'•�,.:-1`1 ,�- - —Soil and scattered cobbles— rkc f I �Fc<<e� f Wr r�l�0lWf.�� cc-C c c C c C c �i.�l►-J)' �,�� ccc- c c ccc y. g,, 1��,1et�+,►�.. L L�L (`( .:1qm. ittOlp, �eigall toopp,"._L_w±- T[.1-54 / . a(cc& <�(tics-TOO Wen ter.. // , / << // <<C'44=1�friPAI1111L IiiiiiiMlik. Myr�) / / < «<C c(4.c f / z �`L`� w .��.`�- s'k L. 4.1511114416".` Datum ,/ Z3� 6. u� V1 J. V VV��`�` tiV tr- /VV �VLLV����V V VV v // / // / V V V�V V V V V V LY,J V (1.0) , 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m North Face 0 144k dri 10 kVA) II / //// Edge of outcrop Slope direction 100cm r7/ ,j/ (0.1)=Height in meters 0 100cm ^.,, Rubble Layer I-Tightly packed cobbles,small boulders,pebbles and gravel inclusions;No cultural remains Layer II-Very dark grayish brown(10YR 3/2)silt with 15% cobble,pebble and gravel inclusions; Cultural remains present Figure 68. Site 24550,Feature SU Plan Map and TU-54 North Face Profile 118 (0.4) (0.75) 1114. cif r rr�rr� CCFrCrr r�r (o.a� r pia crr rrr �rrrcrrrcrcrcrcrecrr;ctrIry �rr r r r ref- rrr rrr(rr rr rr.`sinaer�:)mi Cr �rrr rrrrrr r �?� *`� F` 0.75) CCC k crc c C C Ccrrrr cr`�.�r�sfr'1PA�etre (0.6) CC CCCCc aCCC r�r i. cc c c c c � � . w�� cc „cc( ccc/�� `•�r '" c cec� c�cc� . �,` `Air outcrop C �`��ccs - Cap v/3 (0.4) c c tcc c c c cc 1W/W ;tom C C cccc ( cc,.-���rr�0 ' cc cc<<-c (6. cccVr�,�a��1 "'� TU-8 liPla cccc cccC ccc ►` AMC C MCC( ����,� (0.35) c c cc c��y,11�,.ls •• �cc 1 +All + .riii (o.� . a ��'(0.8) „„„„„1„, . (0.5) 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft immilsimosnmelinummonaimp 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m East Face 1 Alku II ,' (0.5)=Height in metas 60cm 0 100cm Slope direction Layer I-Tightly packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains ) Wall collapse Layer II-Very dark brown(7.5YR 2,5/2)silt with )) 10-20%gravel inclusions;No cultural remains Figure 69. Site 24550,Feature XH Plan Map and TU-8 East Face Profile 119 Walls Five agricultural walls were identified during the survey. Two of the walls correlate to features previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985). These consist of Feature PX(T-27)and Feature RZ(T-15).The three remaining walls were identified during the inventory survey(Features ABZ,ADF and AID).These walls consist of linear piles of cobbles and small boulders that either delineate the boundaries of garden plots,or are linear clearing piles. Feature PX(T-288a)is a low wall located adjacent to the Feature PW terrace, 1.2 m to the west (see Figure 57). This wall and Feature PW were previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985) as Site T-27.The wall is a linear pile of cobbles and small boulders that is 7.9 m long(east-west), 1.0 to 1.4 m wide and 0.4 to 0.65 m in height No cultural remains were found in association with the wall. Rosendahl and Rosendahl interpreted their Site T-27 as a habitation site(1985:48).Examination of Feature PX and the adjacent Feature PW terrace(discussed below)during the inventory survey resulted in their re- interpretation as agricultural features based on their informal construction and absence of cultural remains. Feature RZ(T-252c) is a linear wall located in the south-central portion of the project area at c. 165 ft elevation.This feature,along with Features RX and RY were previously identified by Rosendahl and Rosendahl(1985)as Site T-15(see Figure 53).The wall is a linear berm of crudely stacked and piled cob- bles and small boulders,located 7.0 m south of Feature RY. The wall consists of two freestanding sections oriented northwest by southeast. The northwest wall section is 4.1 m long by 0.3 m wide and varies in height from 0.55 m to 0.8 m. The southeast wall section is 8.4 m long by 0.4 in wide and varies in height from 0.2 m to 0.85 in.The informal construction of this feature and the absence of cultural remains from the adjacent Feature RY resulted in its re-interpretation as an agricultural feature. The three walls newly identified during the inventory survey area are all located in the seaward portion of the project area and are all built of piled cobbles and small boulders,oriented in inland/seaward directions.Feature ABZ is a low wall located at c.65 ft elevation.It is 19.0 m long, 1.2 in wide and 0.5 m in height Feature ADF is situated at c. 50 ft elevation and is 21.0 m long, 1.4 m wide and 0.6 m in height Feature AID is located at c.42 ft elevation and is 9.5 in long, 1.0 m wide an d0.5 m in height. Filled cracks The survey identified four filled cracks. These features consisted of cobbles and small boulders that have been placed within natural cracks within exposed bedrock outcrops.Each of the four filled cracks were subjected to subsurface testing, none of which contained cultural remains. These features are inter- preted as agricultural features which were created by consolidating surface stones on adjacent outcrops. Feature CT(T-115)is a filled crack located in the inland portion of the project area, seaward of . the Site 24380,Feature A wall at the 275 ft elevation. It is comprised of piled cobbles and small boulders that have been placed within a crack in the center of a bedrock outcrop(Figure 70).The stone are piled in an area 3.6 m long(East-west)by 1.0 m wide,ranging in height from 0.05 to 0.1 in above the surface of the outcrop. The stones within the filled crack were removed as TU-21 (see Figure 70), revealing a stone layer (Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II).Layer I consists of 0.50 m to 0.60 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II consists of 0.10 m of very dark brown(10YR 2/2) silt containing 30%gravel inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. Controlled re- moval of the crack fill documented a vertical to sloping sided basin in the outcrop. Feature DX(T-142)is a filled crack located in the inland portion of the project area, seaward of the Site 24380,Feature A wall at the 250 ft elevation. It consists of an irregular shaped pile of cobbles and small boulders that have been placed within a crevice in a bedrock outcrop (Figure 71). The crevice is 3.0 in long by 2.0 m wide and is filled with subangular cobbles and small boulders. The stones on top of 120 .//// Edge of outcrop / / // // / ' / / '/ 44. Slope direction // / '/ // ./, // / (0.1) =Height in meters // '/ / / / / / / ' , / / • / /. //////// / // . ' / , , / / / .�S '\ / / / . / • ' /� 1r•�� / / (0.1) , , ///��8 / ; %/ i / / Stones removed as TU-21 / 46. I / /-// -/ / / / /. // / , // / / / , . , / / // /// , . . , / ///// / 0 3.0 6.0 9.08 imummimmiaiminmsmnimpl 0 1.0 2.0 3.0m North Face 0 ! `—rte—.- Lay'e' II/ --Stones removed 8.9 Layer I :/ '''• 80cm / /////i Bedrock . . . , 0 _ 200 380cm Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains Layer II-Very dark brown(lOYR 2/2)silt with 30% gravel inclusions;No cultural rums Figure 70. Site 24550,Feature CT Plan Map and TU-21 North Face Profile • 121 //, 0.0 • ~•'} Stone removed as TU 23 ( 1.611141.' /, . • //• ":Akar��/• 0.0) tea-A120; Datum i si ve Uneven soil and outosops wj (0.6) / 1 •/ . / / , { •/ /// Edge of outcrop Slope direction (0.6) Heightin 0 3.0 6.0 9.011 meters 0. 1.0 2.0 3.0m West Face 0 / /7T, tones removed as Layer 1 / s• soon 0 200 380cm Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains Layer II-Very dark brown(LOYR 212)silt with 5% gravel inclusions;No cultural remains Figure 71.Site 24550,Feature DX Plan Map and TU-23 West Face Profile 122 the feature are level with the surface of the outcrop,with the piled stones along the southwest side averag- ing 0.6 m in height. The stones within the crevice were removed as TU-23,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer Il)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 71).Layer 1 consists of 0.60 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II consists of a maximum of 0.15 m of very dark brown(IOYR 2/2)silt containing 5%gravel inclusions and no cultural remains. Controlled removal of the crack fill documented a sloping sided crevice in the outcrop. Feature GC(T-181)is a filled crack located in the central portion of the project area at 218 ft ele- vation. The feature consists of an irregularly-shaped crevice on top of a low bedrock knoll that has been filled with cobbles and small boulders(Figure 72).The 3.25 m long and 0.75 m wide with the stones ex- tending to a maximum of 0.3 m above the outcrop.Rubble is piled around the north half of the low knoll. The stones with the feature were removed as TU-26,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 72).Layer I consists of 0.60 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains. Layer II consists of 0.05 in of very dark brown (7.5YR 2.5/2) silt containing 25%gravel inclusions and no cultural remains. Controlled removal of the crack fill documented a vertical to sloping sided crevice in the knoll: Feature YC(T-323)is a filled crack located in seaward portion of the project area,inland of the Site 6302 Kuakini wall and the Ali`i Highway Corridor at c. 119 ft elevation.The feature is comprised of a crude pile of cobbles and small boulders placed within a crevice on the western side of a bedrock outcrop (Figure 73).The pile and crevice is 2.5 m wide on the west end,narrowing to 0.6 m on the east.The sur- face is irregular and uneven and is level with the outcrops surface.The west side consists of piled cobbles and small boulders that vary in height from 0.75 to 0.85 m'No cultural remain were present The stones within the crack were removed as TU-49,revealing a stone layer(Layer I)overlying a soil deposit(Layer II)that rests on bedrock(see Figure 73).Layer I consisted of 0.4 to 0.8 m of loosely packed cobbles and small boulders with no cultural material Layer II consists of 0.05 m of dark brown (7.5YR 3/2)silt containing 10%gravel inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. Kua`iwi The survey identified four kua'iwi which are linear features oriented in inland-seaward directions that were created by clearing surface stones from adjacent areas.These features are all located in the inland portion of the project area above 240 ft elevation. These features functioned to define the north-south boundaries of agricultural fields. All three are built of piled cobbles and small boulders with no cultural remains present Feature J is located between c. 362 fl and 405 ft elevation.It is 94.5 m long(northeast by south- west), 2.0 to 2.5 m wide and 0.6 to 0.8 in in height Feature X is 89.9 m long(east-northeast by west- southwest), 1.2 to 1.7 m in width and from 0.2 to 0.9 min height.It is situated between c.365 ft and 420 ft elevation. Feature BR is located between c.405 ft and 410 ft elevation.It is 11.5 m long(east-northeast by west-southwest), 1.6 to 1.8 m wide and 0.5 to 0.6 m in height Feature CM is 49.5 m long(northeast by southwest)2.5 to 2.8 m wide and 0.7 to 0.75 m in height It is located at elevations that range from c.245 to 265 ft. Pavements The survey identified two pavements which are interpreted as agricultural features. Each of the features was subjected to subsurface testing and no cultural remains were recovered. These features are interpreted as agricultural clearing features based on this absence of habitation debris. Feature H(T-34) is a small pavement located in the inland portion of the project area at 390 ft elevation. The pavement is oriented northwest by southeast and is 2.9 m long by a maximum of 1.5 m wide (Figure 74). The irregularly shaped pavement is comprised of a level surface of pebbles and small cobbles 123 - . ) (0.5) �� / / / / Edge of outcrop C rr`r,�: ,,,,,, Slope direction —Uneven soil and outcrops— C•CCCC fir, r_,,,-,,,-,r„,-;-,,,.., ,, (0.5) C .cr C 'c ^'^•9' ^^^'�� (0.1) =Height in meters I / �� CC CrCCCCC Cr / / ^ '� ``^^ fir, C.t'CCCcc `C / / �^,^\'1•`-,'1 r, Rubble �,C C C C -1,,^1� `�� CY Ea"c / / •' / // "-��5� rSt"r CC(�C C c/ r 1 11', Cc CCCCCC C C/ / , / `� '1 � I (0.4) CCC C C / ` / / / r—C))'-1.- -�'�CL) -)�-1 / / / (0.3) )Y1)--)-) - es CC(C / ' / ���T/ (0.0) / 1 1 1 1 C / ' // / 1/ , // / r / 711 1-, -, ._ C C / /��/ ./ ' 1 1 "11 CC ; / / /i1 / , / 111 CCS/ �� l,� t ++! / . ' /1���1� / / / t�.M �./ /A / (0.8) Stones removed as TU-26 / /il L / / Datum �)7� 7 (0.0) /}�j / Top of low knoll / / / / / / // r '/ (0.2) / . / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / r , / / (0.3) 0 3.0 6.0 9.0ft / / / / / . / / r / / / 0 l.02.0 3.0m (0.3) North Face 0 / / tants removed as Layer 1 / / / Layer ll / / r ..---,---7-7- / / Bedrock 80cm . , r / r / / / • 0 200 280cm Layer 1-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains Layer II-very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt with 2S% gravel inclusions;No cultural remains Figure 72. Site 24550, Feature GC Plan Map and TU-26 North Face Profile 124 ./// / Edge of outcrop (0.75) =Height in meters / Stones removed as TU-49 /♦ , // ///, . /// ////'� 1 //. • 4.7 -'� .... / , , , Datum (0.75) 4140.41111K•�� / • 1'41111.401111 ..411014111 446101* � � t � 11.7/ (0.85) ///////// / , 41* / // (0.0) // / / 0 1.5 3.0 4.5ft imsomsomeanirrimp / 0 0.5 1.0 1.5m / / East Face 0 , Stones removed as Layer I /•' ' ' /// // / . 80cm II mom—/ / • Bedrock '/ • ' II / // 0 200 380cm Layer I-Loosely packed cobbles and small boulders; No cultural remains Layer II-Dark brown(7.5YR 3/2)silt with 10% gravel inclusions;No cultural remains Figure 73.Site 24550,Feature YC Plan Map and TU-49 East Face Profile 125 J • , hi C➢ C Ctl O . y r'I'i 1 'Tgirt 1 _ LA oer ilikt h 666sss'� WI IAEA, w J o L �' «a .. a WOOOo IhSi AO c 000000 • 1 '�� .. i .)0000000. 0000000 )00000000L Ili E. 000000000 A a 0000000000 s 0000000000c �r G 00000000000 m < m ` .)0UL 00000000000C 't ,00000Uu000000000000 b '; )000000000000000000c. 00000000000000000�0 E o y 0O 0`00 000000000000(k + C'"o rn 00 • 000 • , • 000000- U o0 ', 000000000 • • • Or 000000000000 z $ d .. J000•• 0000000000 •0O $ A G .)000 '� 0000000 • • 00 � ad �' - 00 • - • 00000000 • • • rr [ g S d • • , 0000000000 o '0000000000 8 • rw E 4 0000000000 00 .000000000r JOt . 000000000 00 • 000000000; '--.9 0 )0 •- • 000000000 1 . •, 00 000 - • • 000 y 0 •0 0 'r $ E. S. with no cultural remains A boulder is located on the surface of the pavement at the south end and a verti- cal boulder is located adjacent to the feature to the southeast A 1.0 m by 1.0 in test unit(TU-17)was excavated over the southern half of the pavement to a maximum depth of 0.72 in. Two layers overlying bedrock were documented(see Figure 74). Layer I con- sists of tightly packed pebbles and cobbles that vary in thickness from 0.17 m to 0.26 in.°No cultural mate- rial was recovered from Layer I. Layer II consists of from 0.28 to 0.42 m of a very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2) silt containing 40-50%pebble and cobble inclusions. No cultural remains were recovered from Layer II. Feature CQ(T-113a)is a pavement located in the inland portion of the project area,seaward of the Site 24380, Feature A wall and south of the Site 24380, Feature B enclosure at 28011 elevation. The feature is located immediately adjacent to three piled agricultural mounds(Features CN,CO and CP;Fig- ure 75).The pavement is roughly oval in shape and is 5.4 in long northwest by southeast)and 3.2 m wide. The surface is a level pavement of pebbles and small cobbles flush with the surrounding terrain. No cul- tural remains were present. A 1.0 m by 1.0 in test unit(TU-22)was placed in the of the Feature CQ pavement,revealing three layers overlying bedrock(see Figure 75). Layer I consists of 0.47 to 0.55 m of tightly packed gravel,peb- bles,cobbles and small boulders.A single fragment of rusted metal(13.2 grams)was recovered from Layer I, 0.2 m below the surface.Layer II consists of 0.25 to 0.34 m of very dark brown(7.5YR 2.5/2)silt con- , taining 80-90%gravel, pebble and cobble inclusions. No cultural material was recovered from Layer II. Layer III consists of 0.09 to 0.15 m of dark brown(7.5YR 3/3)silt with no cultural remains. c , 127 111 IR o W al • v J o It G b U, ‘it a .' ie b �`~1&('!10/4 Sae*I SO 9 0 n I �j0*ktm AO 1 ;A i I , ?�y��4�j0000� 1 ,0 a.4011 - - eiviihteuouououd- . o00 �• 0000C. T `�` *Mal Ol& a J000000c 1� �, 0000000 NI eV/W 4L g t�/Lr4 00.000000 c 00 P+• ��� �� OBJ.. J 000000000. �����1��� .0000000 ^ 00000000 J000000 • 00000000 1 a •) �,A. g ..,0000000 • • 0 • • 000000( 0_,L regrOk ���� \1 '.' 00000000 . 000 • , 000000 0000000 • • 00000% 00000 ' , ' �' o a ��♦ ' ^ ` ��00000 • • Ooo • • = •• 000( N 52 v JO 000000 . 00000 ' 0 • • = •N El q � J000000000 . 000 • • 00000 • �,►+� 00000000000 • • 0 - . 00000C z II:A' y - '� �� ` ` •)000000000001 •. :0000000 O .F \ ���� r�rn • 0•r, •)0000000000000 . 0000000 4. .l•••. 5;�' A 0000000000000000000000 " • 14Ii�����Ole. • •)0000000000000000000000-S43 )11 erg �;?i•:���I:y )00000000000000000000000 r+ 2 �S (���%�j�•�;� 0 o 00000000000000000000000 . Z �� �a 0_ - .il'�4_�!.I� �,? 1000000000000000000000C' o� �:�'•.•�=f1•• ... 00000000000000000000oC g 1 4..',re OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOr O y;04...i • 0000000000000000000 .100000 0000000000 +y�'t�i'! /000000000000000r �y r o '000 0000000/^' g _��!J)~I`���I, O -.,0 0000, - z Q5 2 CONCLUSION Discussion The identified sites and features conform to the site and feature types expected in the kula zone of the Kona Field System based on previous archaeological work and historic documentary research.Prehis- toric to early historic agricultural features dominate the landscape, primarily consisting of modified out- crops and mounds that resulted from clearing stones to cultivate crops.The kula zone was traditionally used for cultivating sweet potatoes,paper mulberry,and gourds.Early historic crops may have included the tra- ditional ones and introduced cultigens such as melons, beans, cabbage, coffee, onions, oranges, corn pumpkins,cotton,tobacco,pineapple,and Irish potatoes. Mounds and modified outcrops represent ninety percent of the nearly one thousand documented agricultural features. Other agricultural features consist of terraces, enclosures, faced mounds and plat- forms,walls,and kua'iw1.The distribution of agricultural features is variable and is summarized in Table 7 that shows the density of agricultural features by elevation increments of 40 ft. Agricultural feature density is high with more than 20 features per acre between 40 ft and 240 ft elevation.Moderate densities (10-20 features per acre occur below 40 ft elevation,between 240 ft and 320 ft elevation,and between 360 ft and 400 ft elevation.The lowest density of agricultural features is found in the inland portion of the project area I between 320 ft and 360,ft elevation,and above 400 ft elevation. Table 7.Density of Agricultural Features by Elevation Elevation Area(acres) %of Project Area Total Features Features per acre 10-40 4.25 10.12 45 10.59 40-80 5.30 12.62 175 33,02 80-120 2.47 5.88 88 35.63 120-160 4.81 11.45 112 23.28 160-200 4.76 11.33 245 51.47 200-240 4.74 11.29 139 29.32 240-280 3.52 8.38 47 13.35 280-320 3.99 9.50 71 17.79 . 320-360 2.38 5.67 17 7.14 1 360-400 2.76 6.57 30 10.87 400-410 1.38 3.29 11 7.97 440-480 1.64 3.90 10 6.10 Total/Average 990 20.55 As stated,mounds and modified outcrops are the dominate feature types.The moderate density of agricultural features in the seaward portion of the project area is likely the result of this area being more heavily used for residential and other non-agricultural activities.The decrease in agricultural feature den- sity above 240 ft elevation, at first glance, might be attributable simply to increasing distance from the coastal settlement zone with the most intensive agricultural use focused on the lower slopes immediately inland of the coastal residences. However,all of the kua'iwi and most of the agricultural terraces are pre- sent above 240 ft elevation.These features are an indication of more intensive field agriculture,probably conducted on a year-round,permanent basis that was possible because of the deeper soil and greater rainfall compared to lower elevations. In contrast,the zone of highest density for mounds and modified outcrops probably is a result of intensive use of dispersed pockets of soil for individual plants probably on a seasonal , basis when sufficient rainfall was available. 1 Habitation sites are concentrated in the seaward portion of the project area and scattered inland (Figure 76).These sitcsinclude forty-four permanent habitation features at seventeen sites(Table 8)and 129 1 0E1 1 a fr N .1. 0 1 P g 1 t g 1 if NAPO- n Q 4 g I ,1 g v„.,----. i § TOA 1 1 ce Table 8. Summary of Permanent Habitation Sites " Site Feature Formal Type Shape Substantial Area Elevation Comments Construction (sq m) (ft) 6984 A Terrace Rectangular Faced sides,paved 21.20 275 Foundation for roofed structure surface 6984 B Enclosure Irregular None 21.00 275 Ancillary Feature-Poss.activity ' area 6984 C Enclosure Rectangular None 31.00 275 Foundatlon for roofed structure 6984 0 Terrace Irregular None 17.50 285 Ancillary Feature-Poss.activity area 6988 A Terrace Rectangular Faced side 54.60 203 Foundation for roofed structure 6988 B Enclosure U-shaped Faced side 28.75 195 Foundation for roofed structure 6990 B Enclosure with Rectangular Faced side 26.60 78 Foundation for roofed structure adjoined terrace 6990 C Enclosure with Rectangular Faced side 29.20 78 Foundation for roofed structure adjoined terrace 6990 D Terrace Rectangular Faced side 8.40 82 Special purpose structure 6990 E Enclosure C-shaped None 15.50 78 Ancillary Feature-Poss.activity area 6992 A Enclosure U-shaped Faced side,Vertical 64.10 39 Foundation for roofed structure slabs 6992 .B Lava blister Oval None 6.50 42 Ancillary Feature-Poss.storage 6992 C Lava blister Oval None 1.95 42 Ancillary Feature-Poss.storage 6992 D Lava blister Oval None 3.70 42 Ancillary Feature-Poss.storage 6992 E Terrace Irregular None 21.60 40 AnclllaryFeature-Poss•activity area' Ancillary Feature-Poss.activity 6992 F Wall L-shaped None 4.10 40 area Ancillary Feature-Poss.activity 6992 0 Wail Linear None 1.85 41 area 6994 A Platform Irregular Faced side,paved 54.0a 20 Foundation for roofed structure; surface Also burial function 6994 B Enclosure Rectangular Faced side 85.30 20 Ancillary Feature-Yard 6994 E Platform Rectangular Faced side 29.20 22 Foundation for roofed structure 6994 F Platform Rectangular Faced side 21.50 21 Foundation for roofed structure 6994 0 Faced mound Rectangular Faced side 3.00 21 Ancillary Feature-Slte Furniture 9850 A Enclosure Rectangular Faced side 27.14 95 Foundation for roofed structure . 24534 - Walled terrace Irregular None 33.70 420 Foundation for roofed structure 24535 - Terrace Irregular Faced side 27.70 470 Foundation for roofed structure Faced side,vertical 71.40 Foundation for roofed structure24536 A Enclosure Rectangular slabs 24536 B Terrace Rectangular None 4020 360 Foundation for roofed structure 24538 A Platform Rectangular Faced side 10.50 140 Special purpose structure 24538 B Enclosure Irregular Faced side 56.20 142 Foundation for roofed structure 24538 C Enclosure U-shaped None 12.75 . 145 Special purpose structure Faced side, 13.40 130 Special purposestructure 24539 A Platform Rectangular surface P� 24539 8 Enclosure Circular Faced side 25.90 135 Foundation for roofed structure Ancillary Feature-Poss.activity 24539 C Terrace Rectangular None 21.00 135 area Ancillary Feature-Poss.activity 24539 D Terrace Oval None 10.00 140 area Faced side,paved 24540 A Platform Rectangular surface 33.00 95 Foundation for roofed structure 24540 B Enclosure C-shaped Faced side 18.00 100 Foundation for roofed structure Foundation for roofed structure with 24541 A Enclosure Oval None 10.80 100 adjoining blister-Also Burial feature 24541 B Enclosure Oval None 31.10 100 Foundation for roofed structure 24542 A Platform Rectangular Paved surface 12.80 45 Special purpose structure 24542. B Enclosure Rectangular Faced side 171.60 45 Ancillary Feature-Yard 24544 A Enclosure Circular None 87.40 45 Ancillary Feature-Yard ' 24544 B Enclosure Irregular Faced side 39.75 45 Foundation for roofed structure 24547 - Platform Rectangular Paved surface 31.25 28 Foundation for roofed structure . Foundation for roofed structure with 24548 - Terrace Irregular Paved surface 202.90 P8 adjoined activity area • 131 1 five temporary habitation features at five sites. All except one of the permanent habitation sites consist of one or two features that functioned as foundations for dwellings. Site 6994 has three probable foundation features(A,E,and F),but this site,which was defined during a previous study,may actually represent two separate residential sites because Feature A is over 40 m away from the Features E and F.The residential foundation features at the permanent habitation sites consist of enclosures(13),terraces(6),and platforms (5). Five foundations for structures smaller than typical permanent habitation dwellings, as defined by Cordy(1981)and classified as special purpose structures,are present at four sites.Ancillary features at the permanent habitation sites include eight activity areas,three yards,three storage features,and one example of possible site furniture. The five temporary habitation sites consist of one terrace((Site 24545), an oval enclosure(6348),two U-shape walls(24537&24543), and a C-shape(6985).Burials were identified dur- ing test excavations at two permanent habitation sites(Sites 6994 and 24541).It could not be determined if the burials pre-or post-date occupation of the sites where they were found. All of the habitation sites probably have subsurface cultural deposits in and adjacent to the fea- tures that comprise the sites.The Punalu'u extremely rocky peat soil type that characterizes the project area consists of thin organic soils averaging 10 cm in thickness overlying bedrock(Sato et al. 1973:48).Accord- ing to Sato et al.(1973:48),40-50%of the land surface within this soil type consists of exposed pahoeheoe bedrock.The entire project area slopes to the west and has been eroded by sheet wash that has been accel- erated by use of the parcel for grazing for more than a century. Grazing cattle have extensively disturbed the thin soils and the architectural features.Thus,the potential for intact subsurface cultural deposits is very limited.One primary exception to this limited potential is the interior of most habitation features that typi- cally consist of'relatively level areas which retain soil deposits that likely contain cultural remains. The other exception includes agricultural features,primarily terraces and some kua`iwi,that also retain soil de- posits although cultural remains at such features are typically limited to charcoal resulting from vegetation clearing-related activity The survey relocated and further documented two notable traditional Hawaiian sites:the Site 6350 trail and the Site 6991 heiau.The heiau is a nracsive, 548 sq m rectangular platform with several depres- sions and tiers on its upper surface.Major portions of the platform apparently were dismantled to construct a perimeter wall and other structures of a probable early historic residential compound directly on top of and surrounding the platform. The platform is interpreted as a heiau based on its massive area, substantial construction, tiered surface with pits, and location at the top of a slope that would have overlooked the ocean. Rosendahl and Rosendahl (1985:16) suggest that a reference to "Haleolono" by native claimants during the Mahele is a possible reference to a type of heiau dedicated to Lotto,but the specific reference is the name of an 'ili land division and is a commonly encountered `iii name.A more likely possibility is that the temple platform is the large heiau in Pahoehoe reported Thrum(1908),which he was not able to relo- cate. The inability to recognize it may have been the result of historic modifications to the site. Site 6350 consists of a well-built discontinuous steppingstone trail that extends through the project in an inland-seaward direction. The trail is variably constructed with some segments comprised of an alignment of flat pahoehoe steppingstones and segments consisting of a raised linear causeway lined with cobbles and slabs.In areas where the trail traverses a hillside,it is comprised of terraced cobbles and small boulders with pahoehoe slabs set onto the surface. Site 6350 is interpreted as the main inland-seaward transportation route associated with the habitation and agricultural use of Pahoehoe 2.The trail is spatially associated with the substantial permanent habitation and ceremonial complexes in the seaward portion of (he parcel and this trail undoubtedly was used by the occupants of these sites to access the inland agricul- tural features. Historic period sites include ranching-related sites such as walls, corrals and a water trough The Site 6991 heiau apparently was used early historic residence and it is possible that some the agricultural features in the project area were used historically. 132 L Significance Assessments Pursuant to DLNR(1998) Chapter 275-6(d),the initial significance assessments provided herein are not final until concurrence from the DLNR has been obtained. Sites identified and relocated during the survey are assessed for significance based on the criteria outlined in the Rules Governing Procedures for Historic Preservation Review(DLNR 1998:Cbap.275). According to these rules,a site must possess integ- rity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association and shall meet one or more of the following criteria: I. Criterion"a".Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our history; 2. Criterion"b".Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past; 3. Criterion"c".Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type,period,or method of con- struction;represent the work of a master;or possess high artistic value; 4. Criterion"d".Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on prehistory or history,and 5. Criterion"e".Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural prac- tices once carried out,or still carried out,at the property or due to associations with tradi- tional beliefs,events or oral accounts—these associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity. Based on the above criteria,all forty-one sites are assessed as significant under Criterion"d"(Ta- ble 9).The sites have yielded information important for understanding prehistoric to historic land use in the project area Site 6302,Kuakini Wall,has been previously determined by DLNR-SHPD to be also signifi- cant under Criteria"a","b","c"and"e". Sites 6350 and 6991 are also assessed as significant under Crite- rion"c"as good site type examples of a substantially-constructed trail and the only heiau identified in Pa- hoehoe.The historic reuse of heiau exemplifies the extreme secularization of traditional religious sites that accompanied the kingdom-wide conversion to Christianity in the 1800s.As a heiau, Site 6991,and the pos- sible shrine features at Site 6348 (Features A &B) have associations with traditional Hawaiian beliefs important to Hawaiian history and cultural identity and are additionally assessed as significant under Criterion"e".Feature D at Site 6348,Feature A at Site 6994,and Site 24541 are additionally assessed as culturally significant because probable pre-contact burials are present. Recommended Treatments The mapping,written descriptions,photography,and test excavations at fourteen sites adequately documents them and no further work or preservation is recommended(see Table 9).Twenty-one sites are recommended for mitigation through data recovery.The plans for data recovery would be detailed in a Data Recovery Plan prepared for DLNR-SHPD review and approval.Two sites(6302&6991),a representative segment of the Site 6350 trail,and Features A and B at Site 6348 are recommended for preservation in ac- cordance with a Site Preservation Plan prepared for DLNR-SHPD review and approval.The specific plans for preservation and maintenance of the burial features at Sites 6348,6994,and 24541 would be detailed in a Burial Treatment Plan prepared for DLNR-SHPD and the Hawaii Island Burial Council(HIBC)review and approval. • 133 Table 9. Site Significance and Recommended Treatment SIHP Significance Recommended Site No. Type Function Criteria Treatment 4591 Wall Livestock control D NFW 6302 Wall Livestock control ) A, B, C, D, E PR 6348 Complex Ceremonial/Burial/Temporary Habitation/ D, E PR Agriculture 6349 Terrace Agriculture D NFW 6350 Trail Transportation C, D PR 6351 Complex Agriculture D NFW 6352 Wall Livestock control D NFW 6381 Wall Livestock control D NFW 6984 Complex - Permanent Habitation D DR 6985 Enclosure Temporary Habitaiton D DR 6988 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR _ 6989 Complex Agriculture D DR 6990 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR 6991 Complex Ceremonial C, D, E PR 6992 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR 6993 L-shape Agriculture D / NFW 1 6994 Complex Permanent Habitation/Burial D, E PR 6995 Terrace Agriculture D NFW 6996 Midden Habitation Destroyed NFW 9850 Complex Permanent Habitation/Agriculture D DR 24272 Complex Agriculture D NFW 24379 Platform Flood controlD NFW 24380 Complex Livestock control D NFW 24533 Enclosure Livestock control D NFW 24534 Terrace Permanent Habitation D ' DR 24535 Terrace Permanent Habitation D DR 24536 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR 24537 U-shape Temporary Habitation D DR 24538 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR 24539 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR 24540 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR 24541 Complex Permanent Habitation/Burial D, E PR 24542 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR 24543 U-shape Temporary Habitation D DR 24544 Complex Permanent Habitation D DR 24545 Terrace Temporary Habitation D DR 24546 Complex Livestock control D NFW 24547 Platform Permanent Habitation 0 DR 24548 Terrace Permanent Habitation D DR 24549 Trough Ranching .D NFW 24550 Complex Agriculture D DR 134 • REFERENCES Allen,M.S. 1984 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey,Waiono Meadows Development Project Area, Puapua`a 1st and 2nd,Holualoa 1st and 2nd,North Kona,Island of Hawaii(TMK:7-5- 15:2,12 and 7-6-2:1,14).PHRI Report 119-070584.Prepared for Waiono Meadows Ranch,Ltd. 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Dunn,A.,and P.Rosendahl 1991 Preliminary Report:Phase 1(A)—Site Identification,Phased Intensive Archaeological Survey, Ali'i Highway Phased Mitigation Program.North Kona District,Island of Hawaii.PHRI Re- port 900-052191 prepared for RM.Towill Corporation. 1992 Preliminary Report: Phase 1(B)—Testing of Potential Burial Features,Phased Intensive Ar- chaeological Survey,Ali'i Highway Phased Mitigation Program.North Kona District,Island of Hawaii.PHRI Report 1170-081792 prepared for R.M.Towill Corporation. Dye,T.,and E.Komori 1992 A Precensal Population History of Hawai'i. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology, Volume 14. Ellis,W. I963 Journal of William Ellis,Narrative of a Thur of Hawaii,orOwhyee.Honolulu:Advertiser Publishing Co. FR n.d. ForeignRegister of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners ners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands.Manuscript.Hawaii State Archives. FT ad. 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Archaeological Research Center IIawaii,Inc. 14-177 II.1. Lawai.Pre- pared for Kamehameha Investment Corp. Hammatt,H.,A.Bush,D.Borthwick,B.Colin and D.Shideler 2000 Archaeological Data Recovery Report for Proposed Disappearing Sands Pump Station,Pa- hoehoe Ahupua'a.North Kona,Hawaii(TMK:3-7-7-8.21,23).Cultural Surveys Hawaii Re- port prepared for County of Hawaii. Handy,E.S.C.,and E.G.Handy 1972 Native Planters in Old Hawaii:Their Life,Lore and Environment.B.P.Bishop Museum Bulle- tin 223.Bishop Museum Press,Honolulu.(with MK.Pukui). 136 Head,J.,W.Pua-Kaipo and S.Goodfellow 1994 Supplemental Archaeological Inventory Survey,Ali'i Drive Sewer Project,Roman Catholic School Parcel,Land of Pahoehoe 1",North Kona District,Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-7-7-8:25),PHRI Report 1503 prepared for Mr.Harold Sugiyama,Dept.of Pub- lic Works. Head,J.and P.Rosendahl 1996 Archaeological Inventory Survey,Proposed Sewage Pump Station Site,Land of Pahoe- hoe 2.North Kona District,Island of Hawaii(TMK:3-7-7-8:21,23).PHRI Report 1576 prepared for Dept.Of Public Works. Haun,A.E.,J.D.Henry,J.A.Jimenez,M.A.Kirkendall,K.Maly,and T.R. Wolforth - 1998 Alii Highway Phased Mitigation Program,Phase I-Archaeological Intensive Survey, North Kona District,Island of Hawaii.PHRI Project 1320-040197.Prepared for the County of Hawaii. Hommon,RJ.,and P.H.Rosendahl 1983 Archaeological Investigation of the Alii Drive Realignment Corridors,North Kona,Is- land of Hawaii.Science Management,Inc.Prepared for Belt,Collins&Associates. Hammon,R 1980 An Assessment of the Archaeological Resources of Kaumalumalu Makai,North Kona, Hawaii.Hawaii Marine Research,Inc.report prepared for C.M.Poulton Corporation. 1982 Archaeological Test Excavations at Kaumalumalu and Pahoehoe 1 Ahupua'a,North Kona,Hawaii,Phase I. Science Management Inc.report prepared for Farms and Ranches, Inc. J.P. 1959 Fragment of Hawaiian History.Bishop Museum Special Publication 70.Bishop Museum Press,Honolulu. Indices 1929 Indices ofAwards Made by the Board of Land Commissioners to Ouiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands.Territory of Hawai'i,Honolulu. Juvik,S.P.and J.O.Juvik(editors) 1998 Atlas of Hawaii,Third Edition.University of Hawaii Press.Honolulu. Kamakau,S.M. 1961 Ruling Chiefs ofHawaii.Honolulu:The Kamehameha Schools Press. Kawachi,C.T. 1989 An Upland Habitation and Agricultural Complex in North Kona, Hawai`i Island. Mas- ter's thesis,Department of Anthropology,University of Hawaii. Kelly,M. 1983 Na Mala 0 Kona: Gardens of Kona. A History of Land Use in Kona, Hawaii.Depart- mental Report Series 83-2. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Hono- lulu.Prepared for the Department of Transportation,State of Hawai'i. Ketner,A.,M.Clark and R.Rechtman 2004 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of TMK:3-7-7-8:29,Pahoehoe 1",North Kona Dis- trict,Island of Hawaii.Rechtman Consulting LLC Report RC-0252 prepared fol Hanana Inc.Kailua-Kona. 137 Kirch.P.V. 1985 Feathered Gods and Fishhooks:An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehis- tory.Honolulu:University of Hawai'i Press. Kolb,M. 1991 Social Power,Chiefly Authority,and Ceremonial Architecture,in an Island Polity,Maui, Hawaii.Dissertation,University of California,Los Angeles.UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor Latinis,D.,M Carson and J.Kennedy 1997 An Archaeological Inventory Survey including Subsurface Testing for a portion of the Ahupua'a of Pahoehoe 3'a located at TMK:7-7-08:30 and adjacent TMK:7-7-08:96, North Kona District,Island of Hawaii.Archaeological Consultants of the Pacific Report prepared for Towne Development of Hawaii,Inc. Maly,K. 1996 Appendix A - Historical Documentary Research Archeological Inventory Survey, Hienaloli 3 and 4, North Kona District, Island of Hawai'i (TMK: 7-5-11:2) by Henry, J.D.,T.R.Wolforth,and P.H.Rosendahl.PHRI Report 1348-032996.Prepared for Maryl Development,Inc. 1998 Ali'i Highway Phased Mitigation Program,Phase I-Archaeological Intensive Survey, North Kona District,Island of Hawaii.Volumes IVa and IVb-Informant Interviews. PHRI Project 1320-040197.Prepared for the County of Hawai`i. NR ad. Native Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands.Manuscript.Hawaii State Archives. NT n.d. Native Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land:Titles in the Hawaiian Islands.ManuscripL Hawaii State Archives. Newman,T.S. 1970 Hawaiian Fishing and Farming on the Island of Hawai'i in A.D. 1778. Department of Land and Natural Resources,Division of State Parks. • Pukui,M.K,and S.Elbert 1986 Hawaiian Dictionary.Honolulu:University of Hawai'i Press. Reinecke,J.E. • 1930. Survey of Sites on West Hawai'i.Ms.In Bishop Museum(1930). Rosendahl,P. 1999 Inventory Survey of Ho'omalu on Ali'i Subdivision,Lands of Kaumalunralu and Pahoe- hoe 1",North Kona District,Island of Hawaii(TMK;3-7-7-04:2;3-7-7-08:27).PHRI Report 1881-093099 prepared for Nohona Partners,Inc,Hilo. Rosendahl,M.and P.Rosendahl 1985 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey,Pahoehoe 2i4 Project Area,Land of Pahoehoe 2°d,North Kona District,Island of Hawaii(TMK:3-7-7-08:21).PHRI Report 172 prc- pared for Mr.Paul Dumas. Sato,H.H.,W.Ikeda,R.Paeth,R. Smythe,and M.Talcehiro,Jr. 1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawai'i, State of Hawai'i: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and University of Hawai'i Agricultural Experiment Station. Washington,D.C.:Government Printing Office. 138 Schilt,A.R. 1984 Subsistence and Conflict in Kona, Hawai'i. An Archaeological Study of the Kuakini Highway-Realignment Corridor. Departmental Report Series 84-I. Department of An- thropology,B.P.Bishop Museum,Honolulu.Prepared for Department of Transportation, State of Hawai'i. Stokes,J.F.G. 1991 Heiau of the Island of Hawaii.Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology 2.Bishop Mu- seum Press,Honolulu. Thrum,T.G 1907 Heiaus and Heiau Sites Throughout the Hawaiian Islands.Island of Kauai.Hawaiian Al- manac and Annual 1907:36-44.Honolulu:Thos. G.Thrum. Valeri,V. 1985 Kingship and Sacrifice.Ritual and Society in Ancient Hawaii. Chicago and London:the University of Chicago Press. Waihona'Aina Corporation 1998 The Mahele Database,waihona.com, Wolfe,E.,and J.Morris 2001 Geological Map of the Island of Hawaii.U.S.Department of the Interior.U.S Geological Survey • 139 APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops Rosendahl and H 8 A Field Feature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhal(1986) No. • Site d A Modified outcrop 1.80 0.60 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 3 B Modified outcrop 6.60 1.50 1.10 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 5 E Mound 5.10 1.80 0.75 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 32 G Mound 3.70 2.60 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 27 I Mound 2.00 1.20 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 35 L Mound 2.40 1.80 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 26 M Mound 2.50 2.10 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders • 38a N Mound 2.80 1.70 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 38b P Mound 3.00 2.10 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 37c O Mound 5.80 2.50 _ 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 37h R Mound 9.00 1.50 0.40 Linear Piled cobbles end boulders 37a 5' Mound 3.80 1.40 0.55 ( Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 39 T Mound 1.10 1.10 0.35 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 40 U Mound 2.10 1.70 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 66c V Mound 6.30 420 0.95 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 66a W Mound 5.30 4.60 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 66b Y Mound 4.00 • 2.10 0.55 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders - 42 AA Mound 2.80 1.90 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 7a AB Mound 3.90 2.90 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 7b AC Mound 4.90 3.50 120 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 22 AD Mound 4.90 2.20 0.70 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 21 AE Mound 3.60 1.80 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 11 AF Mound 4.60 3.40 1.20 Oval Piled cobbles arid boulders 17 AG Modified outcrop 4.50 5.40= 1.50 lrregylar Piled cobbles and boulders 12 AH Modified outcrop 3.90 3.30, 1.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 13 Al Mound 3.60 2.40 0.90 Oval Plied cobbles and boulders 15 AJ Mound 5.40 420 1.05 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 16 AK Modtfled outcrop 12.90 3.60 0.90 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 19 Al. Mound 2.90 2.30 1.00 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 20 AP Mound 4.10 1.30 0.90 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 45 AQ Modified outcrop 3.70 1,90 0.85 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 44 AR Mound 2.70 1.65 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 43 AT Mound 5.60 4.50 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 49 AU Modified outcrop 320 1.60 _ 0.80 Irregular Plied cobbles end boulders 46 AV Mound 2.40 1.00 0.20 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 50 • AW Mound 2.40 2.30 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 53b AX Modified outcrop 5.60 2.30 1.10 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 53a AY Mound 2.80 1.50 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 52h AZ Mound 6.20 ' 2.60 0.90 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 52a BA Mound 4.00 2.05 0.75 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 52d BB Mound 2.00 2.00 0.90 Circular Piled cobbles end boulders 52c BD Mound 2.10 1.20 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 56 BE Mound 320 2.20 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 60 BG Mound 2.90 2.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 65 BH Mound 3.60 2.70 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 64 ! BJ Mound 3.50 3.00 0,30 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 69 BK Mound 4.00 2.70 0.45 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 70 BL Mound 2.70 1.20 0.45 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 75 BO Mound 3.60 2.40 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 78 BP Mound 2.00 1.50 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 77b • BQ Mound 3.40 2.20 1.00 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 77a BT Mound 2.70 2.00 0.65 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 57 BU Mound 2.50 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 74 BV Mound 3.10 220 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 72 BW Mound 2.40 1.40 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 71 BX Mound 2.10 1.50 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders •1060 BY Mound 3.70 3.40 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 106a BZ Mound 2,20 1.30 0.35 Linear Plied cobbles and boulders 1066 CA Mound 2,50 1.50 0.55 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 97b CB Mound 2.40 1.80 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 97a CC Mound 2,20. 220 0.35 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 97c CD Mound 8.50 4.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 96 ,' CE Mound 3.80 1.60 0.60 Linear Piled cobbles end boulders 98a CF Mound 2.30 1.30 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 98b CG Modified outcrop 1.80 1.30 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 88 CH Mound 2.60 1.60 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 84 CI Modified outcrop 2.80 , 2.50 1.10 Irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 82 -- CJ Mound 2.70 1.30 0.60 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 83 "CK Modified outcrop 4.50 2.40 1.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 87 . CM Mound _ 3.90 1.60 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 113b CO Mound 4.20 1.50 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 113c CP Mound 2.20 1.70 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 113d CR Mound 4.40 2.00 1.00 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 116 140 i , i III , APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops (Cont.) Rosendahi and H&A Field Feature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhal(1985) No. - Site it CS Modified outcrop 4.50 2.20 1.20 Unear Piled cobbles end boulders 118 CW Modified outcrop 2.20 1.80 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 119 - CX Modified outcrop 3.10 1.75 1.05 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 120 CY Mound 4.90 2.50 1.35 Irregular Stacked and piled cobbles and 122a boulders CZ Modified outcrop 5.20 1.50 0.95 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 12213 DA Mound 2.10 1.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 124a DB Mound 3.00 2.50 1.00 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 124b DC Mound 2.10 1.20 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 130e DD Mound 1.50 1.20 0.65 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 130b DE Mound 2.10 1.20 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 130c GF Mound 2.40 1.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders _ 127 _ DG Mound 1.20 0.95 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 126 OH Mound 2.70 2.30 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 128 DI Mound 3.70 1.50 0.90 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 129 DJ Mound 2.60 1.70 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 132 DL Modified outcrop . 4.10 2.75 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 134 DM Mound 7.40 2.10 1.10 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 136 ON Modified outcrop 2.10 1.30 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 138 DO Mound 2.00 1.30 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 139d OP Mound 2.30 1.40 1.20 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 139a DQ Mound 2.30 2.30 1.05 ' Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 139c r DR Mound 4.50 2.50 1.10 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 141 DS Mound 1.60 1.20 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 143a DT Mound 1.70 1.55 0.45 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 1435 DU Mound 4.60 1.00 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles end boulders 13913. DV Modified outcrop 3.00 1.50 _0.70 _ Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 140b DW Modified outcrop 4.50 2.30 1.00 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 140a DY Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 155 OZ Mound 320 2.50 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 144 EA Modified outcrop 3.00 1.50 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 150 EB Mound 4.70 2.10 0.80 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 145 _ EC Mound 2.20 2.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 147 ED Mound 4.00 2.00 0.65 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 152b EE Mound 2.50 1.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 152a EF Modified outcrop 3.20 1.70 0.60 Linear ' Piled cobbles and boulders 148 EG Mound 1.50 .1.00 0.55 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 149b EH Mound 3.50 2.00 0.60 _ Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 149a El Modified outcrop 2.50 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 151a EJ Mound 1.00 1.00 0.50 Circular Piled cobbles end boulders 151b EK Modified outcrop 2,50 1.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 154 EL Modified outcrop 1.40 0.90 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 158 EM Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.75 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 156b . EN Modified outcrop 2.00 1.50 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 156a EO Mound 3.00 2.00 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 157 EP Modified outcrop 4.50 2.60 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 159 EQ Modified outcrop 3.00 3.00 0.70 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 1896 ER Modified outcrop 5.10 4.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 189a ES Modified outcrop 3.00 1.50 1.20 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 185 ET Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 186c EU Mound 1.00 1.00 0.60 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 161 EX Mound 1.50 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 160 EZ Modified outcrop 2.50 1.50 1.20 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 164b FA Mound 2.50 1.00 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 164c FB Modified outcrop 5.00 2.00 1.20 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 167a FC Mound 3.00 2.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 1676 FD Mound 2.60 2.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 177 FE Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 178a FF Mound 2.00 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 178b FG Mound 1.00 1.00 0.50 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 178c FH Modified outcrop 2.00 1.50 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 170a FI Mound 2.50 1.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 171c FJ Mound 2.10 1.00 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 174c FK Mound 1.10 1.00 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 174b FL Mound 2.10 1.10 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 174a 1 FM Mound 5.00 1.50 0.80 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 171a FN Mound 1.00 1.00 0.30 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 171b FO Mound 1.00 0.90 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 173a FP Modified outcrop 2.00 , 1.00 0.80 - Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 173b FQ Modified outcrop 2.00 _ 1.50 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 173c FR Modified outcrop 3.10 1.00 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 173d FS Mound 3.00 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 173o FT Modified outcrop 3.10 0.90 0.50 Unear Piled cobbles and boulders 180d 141 APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops (Cont.) Rosendahl and H 8 A Fleid Feature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhai(1985) No. Site tt FU Mound 3.00 1.00 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 176 FV Modified outcrop 2.50 1.00 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 180e , FW Modified outcrop 3.50 2.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 183f FX Modified outcrop 2.50 1.00 0.70 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 180a FY Mound 1.50 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders i8lb FZ Mound 3.10 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 1830 GA Mound 3.50 150 0.80 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 180c GB Modified outcrop 3.00 3.00 1.00 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 179a GD Mound 1.00 1.00 0.60 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 183d GE Modified outcrop 3.00 1.70 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 183c GF Modified outcrop 4.00 1.50 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 183b GG Modified outcrop 2.50 1.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 187 GH Modified outcrop 3.00 2.00 1.00 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 183a GI Mound 3.10 0.90 0.70 Linear Piled cobbles end boulders 202e GJ Modified outcrop 2.50 1.10 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 188a GK Modified outcrop 3.50 3.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2024 GM Modified outcrop 3.00 0.80 0.30 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 202c GN Modified outcrop 2.00 1.50 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 202a GO Mound 250 0.90 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 202b GP Modified outcrop 3.00 1.00 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 208 GQ Modified outcrop 1.50 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 206 GR Modified outcrop 3.00 2,00 1.20 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 207a GS Mound 2.00 1.00 ,0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 207d GT Modified outcrop 1.50 1.50 0.90 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 2076 GU Mound 1.00 0.60 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 207e GV Modified outcrop 1.50 1.00 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 203a GW Mound 1.50 0.80 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 203b GX Modified outcrop 2.00 2.00 0.50 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 201 GY Mound 2.50 1.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 203c GZ Modified outcrop 2.50 1.00 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 192a HA Modified outcrop 1.20 0.80 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 192b HB Modified outcrop 1.00 1.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 192c HC Modified outcrop 1.20 1.10 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 193d _ HD ModHled outcrop 6.00 1.20 1.20 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 199 HE Mound 2.00 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 193a HF Modified outcrop 2.50 1.10 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 193b HG Mound 3.00 0.90 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 193c HH Mound 1.20 1.00 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 194 HI Mound 2.00 1.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 197 HJ Modifed outcrop 4.00 1.00 _ 1.00 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 195a HK Modified outcrop 1.00 _ 1.00 0.70 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 198c HL Mound 1.50 1.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 195b HM Mound 250 2.00 1.10 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 198a HN Modified outcrop 1.50 1.50 1.00 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 1986 HO Mound 2.00 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders - 203f HP Modified outcrop 1.50 1.40 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 203e HQ Modified outcrop 1.00 0.90 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 203d HR Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.30 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders • 196 HS Mound 1.50 1.50 0.50 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 247b HT Mound 3.00 2.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 247a HU Mound 2.50 1.00 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 247f HV Modified outcrop 3.50 _ 1.50 0.75 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 247e HW Mound 1.00 1.00 0.40 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 247c HX Mound 1.50 1.00 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 247d HY Modified outcrop 1.70 0.80 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 200c HZ Modified outcrop 4.50 2.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 200d LA Mound 2.00 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 200b IB Mound 1.50 0.80 0.30 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 200a 1C Mound 2.50 2.50 0.60 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 245c ID Modified outcrop 4.00 2,00 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2456 IE Modified outcrop 3.50 1.50 0.90 Linear Piled cobbles end boulders 245a IF Mound 3.00 2.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 200e IG Modified outcrop 3.50 2.50 0.70 Oval Plied cobbles and boulders 2001 IH Mound 1.50 1.00 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2009 II Mound 1.00 1.00 0.60 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 200h 14 Mound 1.10 1.00 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 204a IK Modified outcrop 2.50 2.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 204b IL Modified outcrop 1.00 1.00 0.40 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 207c IM Modified outcrop 1.90 1.60 0.95 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders' 244a IN Mound 2.00 1.50 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders : 244b 10 Modified outcrop 2.50 1.00 0.75 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 244c IP Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 244d CO Modified outcrop 4.50 2.00 0.60 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 209e 142 APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops (Cont.) Rosendahi and H&A Field Feature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhal(1985) No. Site# IR Mound 1.50 1.35 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 212c IS Modified outcrop 6.30 2.00 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 212a - IT Mound 2.50 2.00 0.65 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 212b IU Modified outcrop 3.00 2.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 210 IV Mound 2.00 1.00 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 211b IW Modified outcrop 4.80 1.60 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders T-250 184 IY Modified outcrop 2.50 1.00 0.80 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 211c lZ Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 211d JA Mound 2.04 1.50 0,70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 213a JB Mound 6.00 1.50 0.40 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 213h JC Mound 2.50 2.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 213c JD Mound 1.50 1.50 0.70 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 214c JE Modified outcrop 2.50 2.00 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 214a JF Mound 2.00 1.00 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 214b JG -Modified outcrop 4.00 3.00 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 214d JH Mound 1.50 1.20 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 179c .11 Modred outcrop _ 1.50 1.50 0.60 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 179b JJ Modred outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.80 Oval Plied cobbles and boulders 179e JK Modred outcrop 1.50 1.50 0.70 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 179d JL Mound 1.50 1.40 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2141 JM Modified outcrop 3.10 2.90 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 214g JN Mound 3.50 1.00 0.70 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 2140 JO Mound 3.50 1.50 0.60 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2141 JP Modified outcrop 2.00 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 215a JQ Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2156 JR Mound 1.60 1.40 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 214h J6 Mound 2.00 1.00 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 219c JT Mound 2.00 1.50 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 219d JU Modified outcrop 3.50 1.00 0.80 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 219a JV Mound 2.00 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 219b JW Mound 1.60 1.30 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 232k JX Mound 3.00 1.50 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 217a JY Mound 1.50 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 215c JZ Mound 1.50 0.75 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 215e KA Mound 2.00 1.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 215d KB Modified outcrop 4.00 2.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 217b KC Mound 3.50 1.50 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 220b KD Mound 2.00 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 220b KE Modified outcrop 4.50 3.00 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2321 KG Modified outcrop 1.50 1.10 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2321 KH Modified outcrop 3.50 1.60 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 221c KI Modified outcrop 1.80 1.40 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 221b KJ Modified outcrop 3.50 2.20 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 227b KL Modified outcrop 1.40 1.20 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 227c KM Modred outcrop 2.90 1.00 , 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 227a KN Modified outcrop 3.70 1.90 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2240 KO Modified outcrop 1.90 1.30 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 224b KP Modred outcrop 2.50 2.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 224e KQ Mound 1.00 0.95 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 224c ' KR Modified outcrop 1.70 1.30 0.55 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2241 KS Modified outcrop 2.80 1.70 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 224h " ' KT Modified outcrop 1.50 1.30 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 224g KU Modified outcrop 3.60 1.00 0.45 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 224j KV Modified outcroji 1.60 1.00 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 224d KW Modified outcrop 4.50 1.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 2300 KX Modified outcrop 2.90 1.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders • 224k KY Modified outcrop 3.50 3.00 0.85 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 230d KZ Modified outcrop 3.00 150 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 230c LA Modified outcrop 2.70 1.10 0.50 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 230b LB Modified outcrop 4.30 2.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders . 230a LC Modified outcrop 3,50 1.20 0.55 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 230f LW Mound 3.50 2.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 232b` LE Mound 3.00 1.90 0.75 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 232a LF Mound 2.90 1.50 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 232c LG Modified outcrop 3.50 1.00 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 232i LH Mound 2.40 1.30 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 232h LI Mound 2.10 1.40 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 218b -LK Modred outcrop 3.00 1.60 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 216c Il Modified outcrop 1.90 1.30 0.50 Irre1{ular Piled cobbles end boulders 218d LIN Mound 2.50 1.50 0.45 Irmo ular Plied cobbles and boulders 232q LN Modified outcrop 1.30 1.00 0.50 - Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 232f LO Modified outcrop 1.90 1.50 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 232e LP Mound. 1.90 t60 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 237c 143 I APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops (Cont.) Rosendatil and H g A Field Feature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhel(1985) No. Site# LQ Mound 4.00 _ 1.00 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 237d LR _ Modified outcrop 1.80 1.50 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 237b LS Mound 1.60 1.40 0.40 Oval Plied cobbles and boulders 232d LT Modified outcrop 4.50 1.50 0.60 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 237a LU Modified outcrop 3.00 2.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 213d LV Modified outcrop 2.90 2.00 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 237e LW Mound 1.90 1.70 0.45 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2371 LX Mound 3.60 1.00 0.40 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 238e LY Mound 4.10 1.70 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 238g 12 Mound 2.20 1.30 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 238f MA Mound 1.80 1.50 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 238d MB Modified outcrop 3.50 2.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 238b MC Mound 1.70 1.20 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 238c MD Mound 1.50 1.40 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 238a ME Mound 1.40 1.00 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2401 MG Mound 1.70 1.30 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 240g MH Modified outcrop 1.60 1.30 0.75 Oval Stacked and plied cobbles and 240d boulders MI Modified outcrop 1.80 1.20 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 240c MJ Mound 3.00 1.65 0.85 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 24Db MK Modified outcrop 13.20 8.50 1.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders T-26 240a MM Modified outcrop 1,60 1.10 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 242b MN Modified outcrop 1.40 120 0.55 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 242a MQ Modified outcrop 1.60 120 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 242f MR Modified outcrop 3.20 1.00 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 242e MS Modified outcrop 3.00 1.50 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2429 MT Modified outcrop 2.50 1.80 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 242h MU Modified outcrop 1.50 120 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 242k MV Modified outcrop 1.60 1.00 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 242j MW Modified outcrop 4.20 1.50 0.85 Linear Piled cobbles end boulders 242i MX Modified outcrop 3.70 1.40 0.85 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 246p MY Mound 1.30 1.30 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2501 MZ Modified outcrop 5.10 1.10 , 0.45 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 246q NA Modified outcrop 2,10 1.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 246r NB Modified outcrop 1.60 1.00 0.36 ,Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 246s NC Modified outcrop 1.80 1.50 0.65 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2461 ND Modified outcrop 6,50 1.30 0.70 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 246u NE Modified outcrop 1.30 1.20 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 250h NF Modified outcrop 2.50 2.00 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2509_ NG Modified outcrop 2.80 1.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2500 NH Modified outcrop 1.80 1.30 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 250f NI Modified outcrop 1.20 1.00 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 250c NJ - Modified outcrop 1.30 1.00 0.40 Irregular Piled cabbies and boulders 250d NK Modified outcrop 2.50 2.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 250a NL Modred outcrop 320 1.70 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 250b _ NM Modified outcrop 3.10 1.75 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders _ 249b NN Modified outcrop 2.20 1.70 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 249a NO Modred outcrop 1.50 1.30 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 250j NP Modified outcrop 2.90 1.30 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 253i NO Mound 1.70 1.20 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 253h NR Modified outcrop 2.80 1.50 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2531c NS Modified outcrop 1.90 1.30 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2531 NT Mound 1.10 1.00 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 253g , NU Mound 2.50 1.00 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 253f NV ' Modified outcrop 220 1.00 0.60 Irregular Plied cobbles and boulders 253b NW Mound 1.60 1.40 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 253a NX Mound 1.80 1.30 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 253c NY Modified outcrop 2.50 1.30 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 253d NZ Modified outcrop 2.10 1.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 253e OA Modified outcrop 1.50 1.30 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 251c OB Modified outcrop 1.40 1.10 0.30 Irregular Piled cobblos and boulders 251a OC Modified outcrop 1.30 . 1.20 020 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 251b OD Modified outcrop 2.00 1.40 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 255e OE Modified outcrop 1.60 0.85 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 248k OF Modified outcrop 2.50 1.80 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2461 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 248rn OG Modified outcrop 4.50 3.50 0.65 eq OH Modified outcrop 1.10 1.00 0.35 Irregular Piled cobble;and boulders 2461 01 Modified outcrop 3.50 2.50 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 246i OJ Modified outcrop 3.70 2.10 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 245e OK Modified outcrop 2.80 1.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 246d OL Mound 2.90 2.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 2466 OM Modified outcrop 1.60 1.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 246c 144 5171 oLSZ siepinoq pus selggoo poi!d JemlLewI 050 OS'L 08'L domino pay!PoW HH PL9Z siep!noq pue soiggoa Pond. 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OteZ domino PeuJPWN MU 099Z sJepinoq pus selgqoo pend JOBUn o17'0 W.I. 05'5 domino pel poN m gssi empincq PUB saigg00 PBild Jeln6eJJl 01'0 00'2 OVZ dOJoinO PBJIPOW nu 5992 S1epinon pus soignee pallid 120Ufl 9911 WI. 01'6 domino pa9poW 121 VIZ a1opinOq pun sinew,pend JeinUaJJl SVO 9E1 OL'L doiopio peulpoW SM 4152 `-uepinoq pun salggOOPall! JBin6a'Jl 99'0 OL'1 OTEdOJolnO pag!poW HH OLSZ sJapinoq pun selgqoo Pend JB1nea111 95'0 01'L 007 damn°pompon OH JL9Z siePlnoq Pus selgqoo Pond JelntIoul SZ'0 99-0 00'L dOJolno PBJ!POW d21 OLPZ S,Bpinoq pus sangOO Pond Ie110 99'0 061 01'1 PunoW OH 8191 sloping Pus se!ggo0 Palld noun S9'0 . 09'1 _ OZ'S Domino Pau!poW Nd gIpl siepinoq PUB snlggoo pend Jeinueul OTO O£'1 09'1 domino pempop AN eller 9Japinoq pug salggo0 Palld Ie'O 91'0 09'1 OTE PunoW TA P1PZ 319Pinoq Pun selgqoo Pel!d Jneufl 09-0 051 OZ'P doJolno peypoN )12:1 x191 Staging PUB selgqoo pal!! JelnUeJJI 050 OE'I. 09'L doJolno pewpow PH g1SZ sJBPInO(Pue Salgg00 Pend lawn - 02'0 99"0 05E dOJOinO PallIPe'NN RA N a#allS O (9961)Ie4PUasO21 uOI)OnJLsuoQ adU4S 11461014 41PIM %Burl edAl mowed Pleld V V H pun lgepuasOd (7uop) sdoJ�;nO pompon pue spunoLN 099b'Z ens Jo Aaewwns ' V XION3ddV APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops (Cont.) Rosendahl and H&A Field Feature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhal(1985) No. Site ft UC Mound 3.50 1.50 1.10 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 271i UD Mound 2.20 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 271f UE Modified outcrop 1.50 1.50 0.90 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 271d OF Mound 2.00 0.80 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles and bouiders 271e UG Modred outcrop 2.50 2.50 1.10 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 271c UH Mound 2.50 1.50 0.55 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 271a UI Mound 2.60 1.00 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders . 271b UK Modified outcrop 1.50 1.00 _ 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 301b UL Mound 2.25 1.30 1.05 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 329b UM Mound 4.10 2.60 1.20 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 329c UN Modified outcrop 3.50 1.40 0.70 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 301d UO Modified outcrop , 2.50J 1.40 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 301c UP Modified outcrop 4.90 2.80 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 303 UQ Mound 3.80 2.90 1.30 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 301e UR Modred outcrop 1.50 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 274 US Modified outcrop 5.80 1.80 0.95 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 276e UT Mound 3.10 1.70 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 276d , UU Modified outcrop 3.70 1.60 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 276a UV Mound 1.00 1.00 0.50 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 2761 UW Mound 1.00 1.00 0.40 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 276c UX Mound 2.00 1.00 0.40 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 276b UY Mound 3.00 1.20 0.75 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 275a UZ Mound 2.20 1.15 1.10 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 275b WA Modified outcrop 2.00 2.00 0.90 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 294 WB Modified outcrop 3.00 2.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 278a WC Mound 1.00 1.00 0.50 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 278b WD Mound 1.30 1.00 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 278c WE ModIfied outcrop 2.50 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 278d WF Modified outcrop 125 1.00 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 281b WG Modified outcrop 1.50 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 281a WH Modified outcrop 4.20 2.80 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 276k WI Mound 2.60 1.80 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2761 WJ Mound 2.50 1.90 0.55 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 276i WK Mound 2.80 1.00 0.40 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 276j WL Mound 2.00 1.50 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2769 WM Modified outcrop 150 1.00 0.65 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 276h WN Mound 2.60 2.10 1.00 Oval Plied cobbles and boulders 279 WO Mound 3.00 2.10 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 284a WP Modred outcrop 3.00 1.50 0.60 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 284b WO Mound 2.00 0.70 0.60 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 282c WR Modified outcrop 3.00 1.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 282b WS Mound 2.30 1.60 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 282a WT Mound 4.00 1.50 1.10 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 285 WU Mound 3.00 , 2.00 0.80 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 283 WV Mound 2.00 1.50 0.75 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2906 WW Modified outcrop2.00 1.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 286 WX Modified outcrop 2.50 1,50 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 290a WY Mound. 1.00 1.00 0.60 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 292a WZ Mound 2.00 1.10 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 292b XA Modified outcrop 4.40 3.70 1.20 , Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 308 XB Mound 1.80 1.40 0.65 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 3050 XC Mound 1.60 1.50 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 305b XD Mound 3.10 2.50 0.85 Oval Slacked and piled cobbles and 305a boulders XE Modified outcrop . 2.70 1.70 0.50 Irregular _ Piled cobbles and boulders 306f XF Mound 1.80 ' 1.10 0.55 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 306c XG Modified outcrop 4.50 1.80 0.70 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 306e XI Mound 2.20 1.50 0,60 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 306d XJ Mound 2.10 1.80 0.75 Oval Stacked and plied cobbles and 3066 boulders XK Mound 1.80 1.00 0.30 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 302e XL Mound 2.20 1.50 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 302d XM Mound 3.10 2.00 0.40 Irregular _ Piled cobbles and boulders 302c XN Modiified outcrop 5.10 1.80 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 302b XO Modified outcrop 3.50 1.90 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 302a XP Mound 2.00 2.00 0.75 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 300b XQ Modified outcrop 4.00 3.20 0.70 Oval. Piled cobbles and boulders 300a _ XR Modified outcrop' 2.50 1.00 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders . 298b XS Modified outcrop 2.50 1.50 0.70 _ Oval Plied cobbles and boulders 298a XT Modified outcrop 2.50 1.40 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 297 XU Modified outcrop 2.75 1.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 296 XV Modified outcrop 2.70 1.40 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 295 XW Modred outcrop 3.20 11.30 0.35 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 322c 147 APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops(Cont) Rosendahl and H&A FieldFeature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhal(1986) No. Site# XX Modified outcrop 2.50 1.40 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 322d XY Modified outcrop 4.50 1.50 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 299a XZ Modified outcrop 2.60 1.80 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 299b - YA Mound 1.00 1.00 0.50 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 319 YB Modred outcrop 1.90 1.50 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 320 YD Mound 2.60 1.70 0.60 Oval Plied cobbles and boulders 322b YE Mound 3.00 2.00 0.50 Oval _ Piled cobbles end boulders 288b YF Mound 3.00 3.00 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 291 YG Modified outcrop 4.70 3.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 288a YH Modified outcrop 2.00 1.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 289a YI Mound 2.00 1.00 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2896 YJ Mound 3.50 225 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 287a YK Mound 4.50 3.40 0.85 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 2676 YL Modified outcrop 4.90 1.70 0.85 Unear Piled cobbles end boulders 326 YM Modified outcrop 7.80 3.15 0.75 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders T-14d 321d YN Mound 4.60 2.70 0.75 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders T-14c 321c YP Modified outcrop 2.50 1.60 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders T-14o 321e YR Modified outcrop 4.00 3.40 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders T-141 3211 YS Mound 2.00 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 317b YT Modified outcrop 1.50 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 317e YU Mound 2.50 1.00 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 31 Ta YV Mound 3.80 1.40 0.70 Unear Piled cobbles and boulders 316 YW Mound 2.00 2.00 0.60 Circular Piled cobbles and boulders 304 ZB Modified outcrop 4.20 1.90 0.55 Irregular Plied cobbles and boulders 314 ZC Modified outcrop 11.50 7.50 1.00 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 307 ZD Modified outcrop 2.10 1.00 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 313d ZE Modified outcrop 2.80 1.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 3130 ZF Mound 3.70 220 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 313b ZG Mound 2.15 2.00 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 312d ZH Mound 2.50 1.95 0.45 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 312c ZI Modified outcrop 2.20 0.75 0.45 Irregular Plied cobbles end boulders 313a ZJ Modified outcrop 4.20 220 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 311c ZI( Modified outcrop 1.30 1.00 0.60 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 311b ZL Modified outcrop 1.80 1.50 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 311a ZM Mound 2.30 0.80 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 310 ZN Mound 4.50 2.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 376 ZO Mound 5.00 425 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 373 ZQ Modified outcrop 2.00 1.80 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 382 ZR Modified outcrop 2.50 1.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 383 ZS Modified outcrop 4.00 3.00 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 384 ZT Modified outcrop 2.50 1.00 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 382b ZU Modified outcrop 1050 2.00 120 Unear Piled cobbles and boulders 387 ZV Modified outcrop ' 1.40 190 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 386 ZW Mound 2.50 1.00 0.45 ' Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 389 ZX Modified outcrop 2.00 1.50 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 393 . ZY Mound 2.00 1.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 391 ZZ Mound 3.00 2.00 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 395 ' AAA Modified outcrop 1.50 1.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 392 AAB Modiflod outcrop 2.80 1.60 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 429 MC Mound 2.40 120 0.75 Irregular Plied cobbles and boulders 430 MD Modified outcrop 2.70 2.10 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 424 ARE Modified outcrop 4.00 1.80 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 42B AAF Mound 1.90 1.50 0.90 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 422 MG Mound 2.40 1.30 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 420 AAH Mound 1.20 1.00 0.30 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 418b AAI Modified outcrop 3.50 1.00 0.50 Unear Piled cobbles and boulders 418a AM Mound 2.50 2.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 416 MK Modified outcrop 2.50 0.80 0.50 Unear Piled cobbles end boulders 405 AAL Modified outcrop 1.00 0.75 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 404e MM Mound 3.50 2.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 404b MN Modified outcrop 1.50 1.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 41Sb AAO- Mound 1.50 120 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 414b AAP , Modified outcrop_ 2.50 2.30 0.85 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 414a MQ Modified outcrop 2.50 2.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 415e MR Modified outcrop 1.50 1.10 0.80 Irregular , Plied cobbles and boulders 409 _ MS Mound 1.80 1.20 0.50 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 410 AAT Mound 4.00 2.00 0.75 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 411 MU Mound 1.50 0.60 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 412b MV Mound 2.90 1.90 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbies end boulders 412a _ MW Mound 4.00 2.50 0.70- Irregular Piled cobbler'and boulders 413 MX Modified outcrop 5.00 2.75 0.80 IrraRutar Piled cobbles and boulders- 459 PAY Mound 4.50 ' 1.80 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 472 AAZ Mound 3.50 2.00 _ 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 4740 148 APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops(Cont.) Rosendahl and H&A field Feature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhal(1986) A Site# ABA Mound 2.00 1.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 474b ABB Modified outcrop 4.00 3.25 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 467 ABC Modified outcrop 1.50 1.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 417 ABD Mound 4.25 3.00 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 474a ABE Modified outcrop 5.00 2.50 0.75 Irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 470a ABF Mound 4.00 2.00 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 470b AEG Mound 3.00 2.00 1.00 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 470c ABH Modified outcrop 3.25 2.25 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 470d ABI Mound 3.50 . 2.50 1.20 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 468 ABJ Mound 5.50 1.50 0.65 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 461 ABK Mound 1.00 0.80 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 401c ABL Mound 3.50 2.50 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 401b ABM Mound 2.00 1.50 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles end boulders 401a ABN Mound 2.10 1.50 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 401d ABO Modified outcrop 5.00 4.00 1.00 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 402 ABP Modified outcrop 2.50 1.50 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 421b ABQ Modified outcrop 1.50 1.20 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 423 ABR Mound 5.00 2.50 1.10 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 453a ABS Mound 1.50 1.00 0.70 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 453b ABT Mound 3.25 2.25 0.75 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 456 ABU Modified outcrop 5.50 2.50 065 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 451 ABV Modified outcrop 4.00 1.50 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 448 ABW Mound 5.00 2.10 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 445 ABX Mound 2.50 2.00 0.70 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 427b MY Mound 4.00 3.00 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders _ 427a ACA Mound 2.75 1.50 0.50 Irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 433b ACB Mound 2.50 1.60 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 433a ACC Mound 3.50 1.80 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 436b ACD Mound 2.00 1.50 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 436c ACE Modified outcrop 3.00 2.00 0.80 Irregular . Plied cobbles end boulders 436a ACF Modified outcrop 3.00 2.25 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 432 ACG Mound 3.50 2.50 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 434 ACH Modified outcrop 4.50 2.00 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 435 _ ACI Modified outcrop 3.60 1.30 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 438 ACJ Modified outcrop 9.00 4.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 385 ACK Modified outcrop 5.00 3.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 437 ACL Mound 2.50 2.30 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 443b ACM Mound 2.40 2.20 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 440a ACN Mound 2.20 2.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 4406 ACO Modified outcrop 5.00 1.50 1.00 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 442 ACP Mound 4.00 2.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 443a ACQ Mound 3.70 1.50 0.30 Linear Plied cobbles end boulders 439 ACR Modified outcrop 3.30 1.80 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 441a ACS Mound 3.80 120 0.65 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 441b ' ACT Modified outcrop 3.25 1.60 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 457 ACU Mound 3.20 1.25 0.50 Linear _ Plied cobbles and boulders 497 ACV Mound 3.00 _ 1.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 446a ACW Mound 5.00 4.50 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 449b ACX Modified outcrop 2.50 2.50 0.40 Irregular, Piled cobbles and boulders 446c ACY Mound 3.50 1.80 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 446b ACZ Modified outcrop 3.50 2.20 0.40 Irregulor Pilod cobbles and boulders 4470 ADA Mound 1.80 1.50 0.55 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 4476 ADB Mound 1.50 1.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 449a ADC Mound 2.40 221 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 446d , ADD Mound 4.00 2.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 446e ' ADE Mound 4.00 1.50 0.65 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 450 ADO Modified outcrop 5.30 2.60 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 454 ADH Modified outcrop 2.00 1.00 0.70 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 455a ADI Mound 2.00 1.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 462e ADJ Mound 4.00 2.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 462f ADL Mound 3.50 1.50 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 462b ADM Mound 3.60 3.10 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 462d ADN Modified outcrop 3.30 1.50 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 4556 ADO Modified outcrop 3.50 1.50 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 463 ADP Mound 2.50 1.00 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 462c ADQ Modified outcrop 2.50 1.00 0.50 Irregular Plied cobbles and boulders 462a ADR Mound 7.00 1.50 0.70 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders , 465 ADS Mound 3.00 2.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 466 ADT Mound 4.25 2.00 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 4716 ADU Mound 4.50 2.00 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 4710 ADV Mound 4.00 1.50 `, 0.80 Irregular Plied cobbles and boulders _ 471e ADW Mound 3.00 2.50 0.70 Irregular Had cobbles and boulders _ 4710 ' ADX Mound 1.50 1.00 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 471d 149 APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops (Cont.) Rosendahl and H&A Field Feature Type Length Width - Height Shape Construction Rosendhel(1985) No.. She# ADY Mound 4.50 2.50 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 475e ADZ Mound 2.25 2.00 0.60 Irregular Plied cobbles and boulders 477c AEA Modified outcrop 4.50 150 0.75 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 477e AEB Mound 2.50 1.00 0.60 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 480 AEC Mound 6.00 3.00 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 4776 AED Modified outcrop 3.50 1.50 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 482b AEE Mound 6.40 2,00 1.10 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 479 AEF Mound 3.50 2,00 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 476a AEG Mound 3.00 1.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 475b AEH Mound 1.50 1.00 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 476c AEI Mound 3.00 2.00 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 476b AEJ Modred outcrop 2.40 120 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 481d PER Modified outcrop 2.00 1.60 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 481c AEL Modified outcrop 3.50 220 0.40 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 485 AEM Modified outcrop 7.50 2.20 1.00 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders • 484 AEN Mound 4.50 3.50 0.75 irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 481b AEO Modified outcrop 7.00 425 0.80 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 481a AEP Modified outcrop 3.25 2.60 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 460 , AEQ Modified outcrop 3.60 1.50 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 487 AER Modified outcrop 1.20 0.85 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 489 AES Modified outcrop 2.10 1.80 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 492e AET Mound 2.70 1.90 0,70 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 492b AEU Mound 1.20 1.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 492c AEV Modified outcrop 6.15 1.20 0S0 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 517 AEW Modified outcrop 1.50 120 0.20 Irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 491 AFDC Mound 325 1.95 0.50 Irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 515a AEY Mound 1.95 1.70 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 494 AEZ Modred outcrop 3.10 2.10 0.35 Irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 515b AFA Modified outcrop 5.90 1.95 0.45 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 490 AFB Modified outcrop 3.80 2.50 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 493 AFC Modified outcrop 1.70 1.00 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 495d AFD Mound 1.80 1.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 515c AFE Modified outcrop 1.80 1.10 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 495a AFF Modified outcrop 1.20 1.10 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 4950 AFG Mound 3.50 2.00 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 513 AFH Modified outers 1.60 1.50 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 495b AFI Mound 4.75 1.55 0.55 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 498a AFJ Mound 325 2.10 0.75 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 498b AFK Mound 1.65 1.10 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 498c AFL Mound 2.85 1.35 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 4996 AFM Modified outcrop 3.40 1.85 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 499a AFN Mound 2.50 1.50 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 498a AFO Mound 3.00 2.00 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders. 496c AFP Mound 4.10 1.10 0.35 Oral Piled cobbles and boulders 496b AFQ Mound 3.75 1.50 0.70 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 500b AFR Modified outcrop 2.30 1.95 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 500a AFS Modified outcrop 2.30 2.15 0.25 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 503a AFT Mound 2.40 1.80 0.50 irreflular Piled cobbles and boulders 503c AFU Mound 2.60 2.45 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 503b AFV Modified outcrop 2.00 1.50 0.40 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 504a AFW Modified outcrop 2.00 0.80 0.65 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 506b AFX Modified outcrop 2.50 1.90 0.85 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 506a AFY Mound 3,30 2.50 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 508 AFZ Modified outcrop 2.10 _ 1.85 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 504b AGA Mound 3.15 1,85 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 514 AGC Modified outcrop 2.10 , 2.00 0.60 Oval , Piled cobbles and boulders T-11 515b . AGJ Mound 1.90 1.50 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 516 AGK Modified outcrop 1.70 1.30 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 518 AGL Modified outcrop 1.60 1.50 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 522 " _ AGM Modified outcrop 2.10 1.20 0.80 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 526b AGN Mound 2.00 1.50 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 528a AGO Modified outcrop 5.50 . 1.85 0.90 Irregular , Piled cobbles and boulders 528c , AGP Mound 2.80 0.90 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 5286 AGQ Modified outcrop . 2.00 1.50 0.30 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 525b AGR Modified outcrop .5.00 2.15 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 529 AGS Modified outcrop 2.80 2.00 0.50 Irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 525a AGT Mound 3.70 1.50 0.60 Irregular Pled cobbles and boulders 5260 _ AGU Modified outcrop 1.50 1.20 0.55 Irregular - Piled cobbles and boulders 533 AGV Mound 3.76 2.00 0.70 Irregular I Piled cobbles and boulders 534 AGW Mound 1.75 1.30 0.30 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders _ 531 , AGX Modified outcrop 225 0.90 0.55 Irregular Piled cobblesand boulders 5320 AGY Modified outcrop . 1.85 0.85 0.60 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 532b AGZ Modified outcrop 1.40 1.20 0.90 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 536 150 APPENDIX A . Summary of Site 24550 Mounds and Modified Outcrops (Cont.) Rosendahl and H 8 A Field Feature Type Length Width Height Shape Construction Rosendhel(1986) No Site# AHA Modified outcrop 2.50 120 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 533b AHB Mound 2.00 1.00 0.35 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 5335 AHC •Mound 6.25 1.50 0.60 Linear Plied cobbles and boulders 535 AHD Modified outcrop 2.50 1.50 0.65 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders ! 537 AHE Mound 2.60 2.10 0.65 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 523 AHF Mound 2.75 1.25 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 566a AHG Mound 1.50 1.20 0.45 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 566b AHH Modified outcrop 1.50 1.40 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 565b AHI Modified outcrop 225 1.40 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 565a AHJ Mound 1.80 1.00 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 563 AHK Mound 4.00 1.50 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 560a AHL Mound 3.50 1.00 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 560b AHM Mound 3.20 1.75 . 0.60 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 573 MN Modified outcrop 4.20 2,90 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 558c AHO Mound 2.60 2.10 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 554a AHP Modified outcrop 2.50 2.25 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles end boulders 5590 AI-10 Modified outcrop 030 0.70 0.45 Oval Piled cobbles and boulders 559b AHR Mound 2.75 2.00 0.75 irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 553 , AHS Modified outcrop 3.10 1.65 , 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 558 PJ-IT Mound 4.50 4.10 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 550 AHU Mound 1.50 1.00 0.30 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 554b AHV Mound 2.25 1.50 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 555 AHW Modified outcrop 225 0.80 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 552b MX Mound 2.10 1.80 0.70 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 548b AHY Mound 1.85 1.30 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 5435 AHZ Mound 2.30 1.50 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 548a A/A Mound 1.80 120 _ 0.40 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 543b AIB Mound 2.30 1.30 _ 0.50 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 543c AIC Modified outcrop 1.75 1.10 0.45 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 541 AlE Modified outcrop 2.50 2.40 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 577 AIF Mound 2.85 2.75 0.55 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 545 AIG Mound 3.00 1.00 0.50 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 576 NH Mound 4.20 0.95 0.65 Linear Piled cobbles and boulders 549 All Mound 1.95 1.50 GA5 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 552e NJ Modified outcrop 5.15 1.95 0.80 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 551a AIK Modified outcrop 2.00 1.15 0.35 Irregular Piled cobbles and boulders 5516 151 APPENDIX B. GPS Coordinates for Sites State# Site Type Function , Easting Northing . Comment 4591 Wall Livestock 189555 2169645 North end control 189613 2169524 South end 6302 Wall Livestock 188672 2169518 North end control _ 188677 2169387 South end 6348 Complex Ceremonial/Burial/Temporary 168619 2169459 Feature A habitation/Agriculture 6349 Terrace Agriculture 188606 2169406 6350 Wall Livestock 188329 2169407 Seaward end control 189356 2169573 Inland end 6351 Complex Agriculture 188645 2169367 Feature A 6352 Wall Livestock 188677 2169387 Seaward end control 189613 2169524 Inland end 6381 Wall ' Livestock 188218 2169461 Seaward end control 189555 2169645 Inland end 6984 Complex Permanent habitation 189236 2169460 Feature A 6985 Enclosure Temporary habitation 189092 2169497 - 6988 Complex Permanent habitation 188983 2169495 Feature B 6989 Complex Agriculture 188900 2169497 Feature A 6990 Complex Permanent habitation 188573 2169434 Feature B 6991 Complex Ceremonial 188391 2169461 Feature A 6992 Complex Permanent habitation 188400 2169474 Feature E 6993 1-shape Agriculture 188366 2169469 - 6994 Complex Permanent habitation/Burial 188388 2169420 Feature A 6995 Terrace Agriculture , 188359 2169462 r 9850 Complex Permanent habitation/Agriculture 188693 2169454 Feature A 24272 Complex Agriculture 189313 2169582 NE end 189295 2169459 SE end 189248 2169555 NW end 189270 2169442 SW end , 24379 Platform Flood control 189292 2169494 - 24380 Complex Livestock 189211 2169567 , North end control 189266 2169443 South end 24533 Enclosure Livestock control 189548 2169635 - 24534 Walled terrace Permanent habitation 189502 2169601 - 24535 Terrace Permanent habitation 189595 2169538 - 24536 Complex Permanent habitation 189411 2169571 Feature A 24537 U-shape Temporary habitation 189094 2169432 - 24538 Complex Permanent habitation 188804 2169449 Feature A - 24539 Complex Permanent habitation 188788 2169511 Feature A 24540 Complex Permanent habitation 188700 2169506 Feature A 24541 Complex Permanent habitation/Burial 188515 2169399 Feature B 24542 Complex Permanent habitation 188450 2169384 Feature A 24543 U-shape Temporary habitation 188484 2169480 - 24544 Complex Permanent habitation 188445 2169486 Feature B 24545 Terrace Temporary habitation 188384 2169476 - 24546 Complex Livestock control 188352 2169486 NE end ` 188320 2169412 SE end 188272 2169441 NW end 188287 2169418 SW end 24547 Platform Permanent habitation 188325 2169439 - 24548 Terrace Permanent habitation 188311 2169420 - _ 24549 Trough Ranching 188286 2169438 - 24550 Complex Agriculture 189529 2169629 NE end 189593 2169526 SE end 188314 2169475 NW end 188364 2169387 SW end oordinates are reported location L 6986 Mound Agriculture 188963 2169428 - T-3 Complex Agriculture 188618 2169510 NE end ' 188627 2169455 SE end 188528 2169505 NW end 188527 2169453 SW end T-17 Terrace Agriculture 189026 2169416 - irdinates are reported location 6996 I Midden I Habitation I 188271 I 2169461 1 - 152 • PETER T.YOUNG CIAERTERSON LINDANOR OPHAWAU UNCLE g g BOARD 3O i LAND ANDWATER NATURAL RESOURCES GOVERNOR (per y•1t�$IPg'.• 9.. 3 j COIo¢�.vON ON wA�tPawuRR luNAaomf7 i .•.a "1.: ///�_ 6 I 6{e RODERT X.MASUDA I Y.;;• .1� , CC/� f DYPVfYDOVLiOR•L1ND and .I...' {•f fq I ' '944, :Laky _ A7 , J DEAN NAKANO �/ Yc•.4. g►f• ACTING DIMITY DatECTOR•WATER f4jj \ ` 44,jj,,`, AQUATIC RESOURCES DGATDOO AND OCYAN ALCAEATSON NVREAU %flOUCCAOZENCIN ON WATTRESOURCE CONVEYANCE] ER RCE MANAGO@T ANDS STATE OF HAWAII CGN=�"1AND SOUR=ND ATOD.0 CONSYAYATON EKOINCLSwmvamvr s, ot ti =TORY�. DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES (MUM=AND RtDtUEa =TORY PRESERVATION �.SIWOLASK=AND RLS:JIK COMMD'3{ON STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION DIVISION LAND 601 KAMOKILA BOULEVARD,ROOM 555 STATE PARJ3 • KAPOLEI,HAWAII 96707 May 22,2006 Dr.Alan Haun LOG NO:2006.1584 Haun&Associates DOC NO: 0605JT16 HCR 1 Box 4730 Archaeology Keaau,Hawaii 96749 Dear Dr.Haun: SUBJECT: Chapter 6E-Historic'Preservation Review- Archaeological Inventory Survey TMK: (3)7-7-08:21,23,&120 Land of Pahoehoe 2 Ahupua`a,North Kona District,Island of Hawaii TMK: (3)7-7-008: 21,23, &120 Thank you for the revised report by Haun & Henry (2006) noted above. The report summarizes the findings of an archaeological inventory survey in which 31 previously identified and 10 newly identified archaeological sites were documented. Subsurface testing (excavation) was conducted at 55 of 1,058 features. The project was conducted for Mr. Bill Brooks on behalf of D-Bar Ranch LLC. The report addresses our concerns raised in our review letter(DOC.NO. 0603JT02). The report satisfies the historic preservation review process requirements(HAR 13§13-275-5). Haun &Associates assessed all 41 sites as significant under criterion d of DLNR(1998) Chapter 275-6, Site-6302 was previously determined significant under criteria A,B, C and E, site-6350 is also assessed significant under criterion C, Site -6991 is also assessed significant under criterion C and E, and sites - 6348, -6994, and -24541 are additionally assessed significant under criterion E. Haun & Associates recommend no further work at sites -4591, -6349, -6351, -6352, -6381, -6993, -6995, -6996, -24272, - 24379, -24380, -24533, -24546, and -24549; preservation for sites -6302, -6348, -6350, -6991, -6995, - 24541; and data recovery at sites -6984, -6985, -6988, -6989, -6990, -6992, -9850, -24534, -24535, - 24536, -24537, -24538, -24539, -24540, -24542, -24543, -24544, -24545, -24547, -24548, -24550. We agree with the recommended determinations of significance and the proposed treatments for the sites. We look forward to reviewing the preservation plan for these sites. Please contact Dr. Julie Taomia at 808-327-3691 if you have questions or concerns. Aloha, 4/1° M Janie Chinen,Administrator State Historic Preservation Division JT 121029 'Q�.pF VATS)?SUAA_ ,qW.•. :•.rte` ;19i101 :49; *_ 1,, DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY • COUNTY OF HAWAII ..-Z., 345 KEKUANAO'ASTREET, SUITE 20 • HILO, HAWAII 96720 of RAWA • TELEPHONE (808) 961-8050 • FAX(808)961-8657 November 21,2019 -„ r� co < _ TO: Mr.Michael Yee, Director `�l Planning Department __ 'N..) FROM: Keith K. Okamoto,Manager-Chief Engineer . 3 SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application(REZ 19-000238 _-,, Applicant: BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE,LLC Request: RS-7.5 and RM-3.5 to RA-3a and RS-20 Tax Map Key 7-7-008:120 and 124 _y We have reviewed the subject request and have the following comments. Please be informed that water availability in the area, which is subject to change without notice, allows for up to a maximum of 50 units of water,per existing lot of record. The existing lot of record,Parcel 21 (44.376 acres), had been divided into three(3)parcels by the Ali`i Bypass Highway and the extension of La'aloa Avenue. As the three (3)parcels (21, 120, and 124)have not been developed,the 50 units of water would be distributed among the parcels. Water availability to each lot can be divided up proportionally based on the land area of each new parcel, as shown below: Parcel Area Water Units 21 10.62 13 120 19.597 24 124 10.352 13 Based on the above table, the Department cannot support the proposed 43-lot development. Extensive improvements and additions,which may include, but not limited to source, storage, booster pumps, transmission, and distribution facilities, would be required. Should there be any questions, please contact Mr. Ryan Quitoriano of our Water Resources and Planning Branch at 961-8070, extension 256. Sincerely yours, 114)V4IAAA446 Keith K. Okamoto,P.E. Manager-Chief Engineer RQ:dfg , A . copy— BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE, LLC Mr. James Stubenberg NOV 2 9 2019 Planning Dept. . . . Water, Our Most Precious Resource . . . Ka Wai A Ka133ne. a. " ,A; I X i , - The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer. • Harry Kim +CI{!��;' :« David Yamamoto,P.E. Mayor .+T+T Director• 8(� Wil Okabe4TF,°F_~w� Allan G.-Simeon,P.E. Managing Director Deputy Director •`T';;.") DEPARTMENT'OF PUBLIC WORKS Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street,Suite 7•Hilo,Hawai`i 96720-4224 ;,•,:; (808)961-8321 •Fax(808)961-8630 public_works@hawaiicounty.gov ' t,E�fi ' MEMORANDUM Date: November 18, 2019 -- :D To: ) Michael Yee, Planning Director — -� From: Department of Public Works, Engineering,Division -/1/h� Subject: Change of Zone Application (REZ 19-000238) -� Applicant: BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE, LLC Request: RS-7.5 & RM-3.5 to RA-3a & RS-20 Tax Map Key: 7-7-008:120 & 124 We have reviewed the subject application and our comments are as follows: 1. The subject property is located within Flood Zone "X" according to the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2. Access to the property is front La'aloa Avenue. Access shall be restricted to right-in, right-out movements only unless the median is removed. The median removal shall be designed and submitted to the Department of Public Works (DPW) for review and approval. 3. The location of the access(es) off La'aloa Avenue shall meet the approval of DPW and shall not interfere with any existing drainage features along the property frontage. 4. No lots shall have direct access from La'aloa Avenue. Properties fronting La'aloa Avenue shall have a no vehicular access, planting screen easement along the La'aloa Avenue property boundary. 5. The project shall have no vehicular access to the future Ali`i Highway. Properties fronting the future Alii Highway shall have a no vehicular access, planting screen easement along the Alii Highway property boundary. 6. Kuakini Highway, fronting TMK 7-7-008:124 is under the State Department of Transportation (DOT)jurisdiction. Consult with State DOT on access to Kuakini Highway. . 7. Install street lights, signs and markings, meeting with the approval of DPW, Traffic Division. SCANNED rianninig Dipt. NOV1` Exh9 t County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. e'ot'2.9 41_7" 8. All development generated runoff shall be maintained on site and shall not be directed toward adjacent properties. • 9. All earthwork and grading shall conform to Chapter 10 — Erosion and Sedimentation Control —of the Hawaii County Code. 10.All work within the County Right-of-Way shall conform to Chapter 22— County Streets — of the Hawaii County Code. Should there be any questions concerning this matter, please feel free to contact Natalie Whitworth of our Kona Engineering Division office at 323-4853. NW Copy: Engineering Division - Hilo/Kona County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. Harry Kim `� y � '•., William A.Kucharski MayorDirector Wilfred M.Okabe ?`•:� . •E 4%:*= Diane A.Noda Managing Director Deputy Director &Mit of�. zta�`Y DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 345 Kekuanao`a Street,Suite 41•Hilo,Hawaii 96720 Ph:(808)961-8083 • Fax:(808)961-8086 Email: cohdem@hawaiicounty.gov MEMORANDUM TO: Michael Yee, Director Planning Department - `- FROM: William A. Kucharski, Director I .� Environmental Management 'h� • ent — - 3 DATE: November 4, 2019 - f L CO -- SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application Applicant: BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE, LLC Request: RS-7.5 and RM-3.5 to RA-3a and RS-20 Tax Map Key: (3) 7-7-008:120 and 124 The Solid Waste Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following comments and/or recommendations (contact the Solid Waste Division for details): ' ( X ) No comments. ( ) Commercial operations, State and Federal agencies, religious entities and non-profit organization may not use transfer stations for disposal. ( ) Aggregates and any other construction/demolition waste should be responsibly reused to its fullest extent. ( ) Ample and equal room should be provided for rubbish and recycling. ( ) Green waste may be transported to the green waste sites located at the West Hawaii - Organics Facility and East-Hawaii Organics Facility, or other suitable diversion programs. ( ) Construction and demolition waste is prohibited at all County Transfer Stations. ( ) Submit Solid Waste Management Plan in accordance with attached guidelines. ( ) Existing Solid Waste Management Plan is to be followed. Provide update to the department on current status. ( ) Other: rscwED Picinninc , 00y-- County of Hawai`i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer EXE i i.' 'Mr. Michael Yee, Director November 4, 2019 • Page 2 The Wastewater Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following comments and/or recommendations (contact the Wastewater Division for details): ( ) No comments. ( ) Require connection of existing and/or proposed structures to the public sewer in accordance with Section 21-5 of the Hawai'i County Code. ( ) Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21- 26.1 of the Hawai`i County Code. Complete Sewer Extension Application. ( ) Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in accordance with Section 23-85 of the Hawai'i County Code. (X ) Check or line out as applicable: [ ] If required by the Director of the Department of Environmental Management ("Director of DEM"), [X] applicant shall conduct a sewer study in accordance with the then applicable wastewater system design standards prior to approval to connect to the County sewer system. Applicant shall provide such sewer line or other facility improvements as the Director of DEM may reasonably require,which the sewer study may indicate are advisable for mitigation of impacts of the proposed project. Contact Wastewater Division Chief for details. ( ) Other: WK:mef DAVID Y.IGE o' BRUCE S.ANDERSON PhD. GOVERNOR OF HAWAII (J'"s;`.. ;;;;`h<yi DIRECTOR OF HEALTH IVOI 'tart 44, STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH P.O.BOX 916 HILO, HAWAII 96721-0916 MEMORANDUM r_. - ' _. DATE: November 27, 2019 'J ' TO: Mr. Michael Yee Planning Director, County of Hawaii FROM: Eric Honda District Environmental Health Program Chief SUBJECT: Change of Zone Application (REZ-19-000238) Applicant: BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE, LLC Request: RS-7.5 & RM-3.5 to RA-3a& RS-20 TMK: 7-7-008:120 & 124 The applicant would need to meet the requirements of our Department of Health Air Pollution Rules, Chapter 60.1, Title 11, State of Hawaii for fugitive dust control. If there is need to discuss these requirements, please contact our Clean Air Branch staff at Ph. 933-0401. Public Water Systems: The Department of Health's Safe Drinking Water Branch authority on )9 drinkingwater qualityis based on the definition of a"public water s stem. Federal and state Y regulations define a public water system as a system that serves 25 or more individuals at least 60 days per year or has at least 15 service connections. All public water system owners and operators are required to comply with Hawaii Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-20 (HAR 11- 20), and titled"Rules Relating to Public Water Systems". All public water systems are regulated by the Department of Health and shall be in compliance with the Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 20. Recommend the subdivision lots be connected to an existing public water system. Concerns on water quality for lead, copper, algae and microbiological and chemical contaminations in private water systems have identified the need for self monitoring. The Department of Health does not support the use of these private rain catchment systems for drinking purposes since the quality may not meet potable water standards. All new public water systems are required to demonstrate and meet minimum capacity requirements prior to their establishment, per HAR 11-20-29.5, titled "Capacity Demonstration and Evaluation." This requirement involves demonstration that the system will have satisfactory technical, managerial and financial capacity to enable the system to comply with safe-dri*in_ water standards and requirements. SCA NES t ,,TannIng Dept. CEC 1 n 2019 Exhibit f, JD DEC 1 2 2019 , Michael Yee n,1 November 27, 2019 Y�° Q Page 2 of 6 �� , Projects that propose development of new-sources of potable water serving or proposed to serve .:2�a public water system must comply with the terms of HAR 11-20-29. This section requires that v all new public water system sources be approved by the Director of Health(Director)prior to its use. Such approval is based primarily upon the submission of a satisfactory engineering report which addresses the requirements specified in HAR 11-20-29. The engineering report must identify all potential sources of contamination and evaluate alternative control measures which could be implemented to reduce or eliminate the potential for contamination, including treatment of the water source. In addition, water quality analyses for all regulated contaminants,performed by a laboratory certified by the State Laboratories Division of the State of Hawaii, must be submitted as part of the report to demonstrate compliance with all drinking water standards. Additional parameters may be required by the Director for this submittal or additional tests required upon his or her review of the information submitted. All sources of public water system sources must undergo a source water assessment which will delineate a source water protection area. This process is preliminary to the creation of a source water protection plan for that source and activities which will take place to protect the source of drinking water. Projects proposing to develop new public water systems or proposing substantial modifications to existing public water systems must receive construction plans approval by the Director prior to construction of the proposed system or modification in accordance with HAR 11-20-30, titled "New and Modified Public Water Systems". These projects include treatment, storage and distribution systems of public water systems. The approval authority for projects owned and operated by a County Board or.Department of Water or Water Supply has been delegated to _ them. c All public water systemsstems must be operated by certified distribution system-and water treatment plant operators as defined by HAR 11-25 titled, "Rules Pertaining to Certification of Public Water System Operators". All projects which propose the use of dual water systems or the use of a non-potable water system in proximity to an existing potable water system to meet irrigation or other needs must be carefully design and operate these systems to prevent the cross-connection of these systems and prevent the possibility of backflow of water from the non-potable system to the potable system. The two (2) systems must be clearly labeled and physically separated by air gaps or reduced pressure principle backflow prevention devices to avoid contaminating the potable water supply. In addition backflow devices must be tested periodically to assure their proper operation. . Further, all non-potable spigots and irrigated areas should be clearly labeled with warning signs to prevent the inadvertent consumption on non-potable water. Compliance with HAR Chapter 11-21, titled Cross-Connection and Backflow Control is also required. All projects which propose the establishment of a potentially contaminating activity(as identified in the Hawai'i Source Water Assessment Plan)within the source water protection area of an existing source of water for a public water supply should address this potential and - 'activities that will be implemented to prevent or reduce the potential for contamination of the drinking water source. Michael Yee November 27, 2019 Page 3 of 6 For further information concerning the application of capacity,new source approval, operator certification, source water assessment, backflow/cross-connection prevention or other public water system programs, please contact the SDWB at 586-4258. The Department of Health (DOH), Clean Water Branch(CWB), acknowledges receipt of the subject document on October 29, 2019. The CWB has reviewed the limited information contained in the subject document and offers the following comments: Permit Issuance * Any project and its potential impacts to State waters must meet the State's: 1) Antidegradation policy, which requires that the existing uses and the level of water quality necessary to protect the existing uses of the receiving State water be maintained and protected; 2) Designated uses, as determined by the classification of the receiving State waters; and 3) Water quality criteria [Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapter 11-54], * A Section 401 Water quality Certification (WQC) is required if your project/activity: - Requires a federal permit, license, certificate, approval, registration, or Statutory exemption; and May result in a discharge into State waters. The term "discharge" is defined in Clean Water Act, Subsections 502(16), 502(12), and 502(6). Examples of"discharge" include, but are not limited to, allowing the following pollutants to enter State waters from the surface or in-water: solid waste, rock/sand/dirt, heat, sewage, construction debris, any underwater work, chemicals, fugitive dust/spray/paint, agricultural wastes, biological materials, industrial wastes, concrete/sealant/epoxy, and washing/cleaning effluent. Determine if your project/activity requires a federal permit, license, certificate, approval, registration, or statutory exemption by contacting the appropriate federal agencies (e.g. Department of the Army (DA), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Pacific Ocean Division Honolulu District Office (POH) Tel: 808-835-4303; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 415-947-8021; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Tel: 866-208-3372; U.S. Coast Guard Office'of Bridge Programs Tel: 202-372-1511). To request a Section 401 WQC, you must complete and submit the Section 401 _ WQC application. This application is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: https://eha-cloud.doh.hawaii.gov/epermit/. Please see HAR, chapter 11-54 for the State' Water Quality Standards and for more information on the Section 401 WQC. HAR, Chapter 11-54 is available on the CWB website at: http://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/. Michael Yee November 27, 2019 Page4of6 • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)permit coverage is required for: -Storm water associated with construction activities for land disturbances of one (1) acre or more. Land disturbance includes, but is not limited to, clearing, grading, grubbing, excavation, demolition, uprooting of vegetation, equipment staging, and storage areas. -Storm water associated with industrial activities for facilities with Standard Industrial Classification Codes regulated in 40 CFR 122.26(b)(14)(i) through (ix) and(xi). -Storm water and certain non-storm water from a small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System. -Discharges of water pollutants into State surface waters. Examples of these discharges include, but are not limited to, cooling water, hydrotesting waters, dewatering effluent, and process wastewater. -Discharges from the application of pesticides (including pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and various other substances to control pest) to State waters. An application for an NPDES individual permit must be submitted at least 180 calendar days before the commencement of the discharge or start of construction activities. To request and NPDES individual peituit, you must complete and submit the NPDES individual penult application. This application is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: https://eha-cloud.doh.hawaii.gov/epermit/. A Notice of Intent (N®I) for coverage under a specific NPDES general permit must be submitted at least 30 calendar days before the commencement of the discharge or start of construction activities. To request NPDES general permit coverage, you must complete and submit the NOT. The NCI is available on the e-Permitting Portal website located at: https://eha-cloud.doh.hal,vaii.gov/epermit/. Please see HAR, Chapter 11-55 for more information on the NPDES individual permit and NPDES general permits. The specific NPDES general permits located in HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendices B through M. HAR, Chapter 11-55 and HAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendices B through M are available on the CWB website at: http://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/. ® According to State law, all discharges related to the project construction or operation activities, whether or not NPDES permit coverage and/or Section 401 WQC are required,must comply with the State's Water Quality Standards. Monitoring Michael Yee November 27, 2019 Page 5 of 6 ® Effluent discharge and/or receiving water monitoring may be required as conditions of Section 401 Water Quality Certifications and NPDES General and Individual permits. Enforcement Noncompliance with water quality requirements contained in HAR, Chapter 11-54 and/or permitting requirements specified in HAR, Chapter 11-55 may be subject toenalties of$25�000 per daYper violation. P e Violations.of Hawaii Revised Statutes 342D and 342E may elicit administrative, civil and criminal penalties for such violations. Polluted Runoff Control ® Manage projects identified in watershed-based plans that reduce polluted runoff and educate the public about nonpoint source pollution. Projects are selected through an annual request for proposals. Funding is provided by the EPA through the Clean Water Act. For more information on projects and funding opportunities, please visit: www.hawaii.gov/doh/pollutedrunoffcontrol. Construction activities must comply with the provisions of Hawaii Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-46, "Community Noise Control." 1. The contractor must obtain a noise permit if the noise levels from the construction activities are expected to exceed the allowable levels of the rules. 2. Construction equipment and on-site vehicles requiring an exhaust of gas or air must be equipped with mufflers. 3. The contractor must comply with the requirements pertaining to construction activities as specified in the rules and the conditions issued with the permit. Should there be any questions on this matter, please contact the Department of Health at 933- 0917. Wastewater Branch is unable to make comments to the proposed project at this time. Before we can offer any comments, the applicant must update the application to reflect the current Department of Health regulations. We recommend that you review all of the Standard Comments on our website: http:t/hawaii.gov/health/environm.ental/env-planning/landuse/landuse.html. Any comments- specifically applicable to this project should be adhered to. Michael Yee November 27, 2019 Page 6 of 6 The same website also features a Healthy Community Design Smart Growth Checklist (Checklist) created by Built Environment Working Group (BEWG) of the Hawaii State Department of Health. The BEWG recommends that state and county planning departments, developers, planners, engineersandother interested parties apply the healthy built environment principles in the Checklist whenever they plan or review new developments or redevelopments projects. We also ask you to share this list with others to increase community awareness on healthy community design. DAVID Y.IGEy.oF JADET.BUTAY ' GOVERNOR ?',�9s.9 9 kq DIRECTOR �•:' !e 11 Deputy Director .47p LYNN A.S.ARAKI-REGAN ,. DEREK J.CHOW ROSS M.HIGASHI e`•ra•c�s EDWIN H.SNIFFEN ,.y ? STATE OF HAWAII • IN REPLY REFER TO ' DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HWY-PS 2.1677 869 PUNCHBOWL STREET HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5097 December 2, 2019 Mr. Michael Yee Director County of Hawaii Planning Department - 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720-4224 '= ;3 T Dear Mr. Yee: y=` N.) t • Subject: Change of Zone, REZ 19-000238 — % RS-7.5 and RM-3.5 to RA-3a and RS-20 —� BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE, LLC Hawaii,North Kona, TMK: (3) 7-7-008: 120, 124 The applicant, BNP Paribas VPG Brookline, CRE, LLC (BNP), acquired the parcels in a foreclosure action against the previous landowner. BNP is a bank and intends to sell the parcels in order to recoup as much loan principal as possible. _ I The Change of Zone is intended to downzone the parcels from previously granted zoning. Parcel 120, about 19.597 acres, was RS-7.5 and RM-3.5 and is to be rezoned as RS-20 (Residential 20,000 SF). Parcel 124, about 10.352 acres, was RS-7.5 and is to be rezoned as RA-3a(Residential and Agriculture 3 acre). BNP also requests that conditions contained in Ordinance 94-124 be eliminated and any new conditions regarding final subdivision approval be extended 10 years from date of rezoning to facilitate sale and future development by a new owner. The County.of Hawaii acquired the Laaloa Street extension by friendly condemnation. Laaloa Street would provide access to Kuakini Highway, State Route 11. The Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) has the following comments: 1. HDOT does not object to the rezoning. qtrl air 1:-an`vx NdIan,ci Dept {;:V 1 • 2019 u a _ dew -� m 1 2_� 5 f.1 Mr. Michael Yee HWY-PS 2.1677 December 2, 2019 Page 2 2. HDOT does not object to the elimination of conditions in Ordinance 94-124 provided that a traffic assessment report shall be prepared and submitted for either or-both parcels by the new owner(s)prior to future development. The owner(s) shall be responsible for any recommended improvements at Laaloa Street and Kuakini Highway at their cost. If there are any questions,please contact Jeyan Thirugnanam, Systems Planning Engineer, Highways Division, Planning Branch at(808) 587-6336 or by email at jeyan.thirugnanam@hawaii.gov. Please reference file review number PS 2016-003. • Sincerely, id, JADE T. BUTAY Director of Transportation • RBNPParibasREZ.doc 2/13/20 COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT RECOMMENDATION BNP PARIBAS VPG BROOKLINE CRE,LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 19-000238) Upon careful review of the request against the guidelines for granting a change of zone, the Planning Director is recommending that a favorable recommendation of the Change of Zone request be forwarded to the County Council. Since this recommendation is made without the benefit of public testimony, the Director reserves the right to modify and/or alter this recommendation based upon additional information presented at the public hearing. This favorable recommendation is based on the following findings: The applicant is requesting to "downzone" the properties to Residential and Agriculture- 3 acres (RA-3a) and Single-Family Residential- 20,000 square feet(RS-20), which would allow for the development of up to 45 residential units total on 29.949 acres of land. The subject property is located east and west of the La'aloa Avenue extension between La`ela`e Street and Kuakini Highway, Pahoehoe 2nd,North Kona, Hawai`i, TMKs: (3) 7-7-008:120 and 124. The current Multiple-Family Residential- 3,500 square feet (RM-3.5) and Single- Family Residential- 7,500 square feet (RS-7.5) zoning of the property would allow the development of up to 191 multiple-family residential units and 84 single-family residential units, for a combined total of 275 residential units, on the subject property. The applicant is specifically requesting the following: • Rezone Parcel 120, which is 19.597 acres in size, from RM-3.5 and RS- 7.5 to RS-20. This would allow up to 42 single-family residential units/lots to be developed on this parcel. • Rezone Parcel 124, consisting of 10.35 acres, from RS-7.5 to RA-3a to allow for the development of 3 single-family residential lots/units. • Provide up to ten(10) years to complete development of the property. The applicant is a bank that acquired the property by way of foreclosure in the U.S Federal District Court. The applicant is not a developer and intends to sell the property to a developer. The change of zone is being requested,to make the property easier to sell and to align the zoning with the Kona Community Development Plan(CDP) related to roadway concurrency and Zoning Code concurrency requirements related to potable water'availability. The property's current rezone ordinance (Ord. 94-124) contains a condition preventing issuance of a building permit on the property until funding for the construction of the entire length of the Alii Highway has been committed. Should the applicant's request be approved, the new ordinance will replace the old ordinance for the property and allow the property to be developed, albeit at a much lower density. In order to consider an area for any type of zoning designation, the applicable goals, policies and standards of the General Plan must be adequately addressed. It is only through such a comprehensive policy analysis approach that evaluations and decisions can be made to better time and stage developments to achieve growth detennined by the General Plan and related planning documents. The implications of these evaluations and decisions must also be considered as they may have an impact on similar areas in the County. The Change of Zone request from Single-Family Residential- 7,500 square feet (RS-7.5) and Multiple-Family Residential- 3,500 square feet (RM-3.5) to Residential and Agriculture- 3 acres (RA-3a) and Single-Family Residential-20,000 square feet (RS-20) conforms to the goals, policies and standards of the General Plan. The General Plan is intended to be used as a policy guide for the coordinated growth and development of all sectors of the County. The Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map component of the General Plan is a representation of the - document's goals and policies to guide the coordinated growth and development of the County. It reflects a graphic depiction of the physical relationship among the various land uses. The LUPAG Map establishes the basic urban and non-urban form for areas within the County. The property is designated Urban Expansion Area on the LUPAG Map, which allows for a mix of high density, density, low density, industrial, industrial-commercial and/or open designations in areas where new settlements may be desirable, but where the specific settlement pattern and mix of uses have not yet been detennined. The proposed zoning is consistent with this designation in that single-family -2- residential uses are found in urban expansion areas when there is not adequate infrastructure to support higher-density residential development. The Kona Community Development Plan(CDP) is a component of the General Plan and lays out the desired land use pattern for the Kona region. The CDP recognizes that traffic congestion in Kona is getting worse and that road improvements have not kept pace with development. In the area of the subject property, the La`aloa Avenue extension, which is a major mauka-makai roadway connecting Ali`i Drive to Kuakini Highway, was recently completed. A timeline for constructing the Alii Parkway, runs along the western property boundary, has not been determined at this time. Construction of this road would relive traffic congestion on Alii Drive. The applicant completed a traffic assessment in 2016 that determined 43 single-family residential units was the maximum number possible for construction while still retaining acceptable level-of-service(LOS) operations at the Ali`i Drive/La`aloa Avenue and Kuakini Highway/La`aloa Avenue intersections in the year 2035 without the need for improvements at these intersections. The current zoning districts and densities, which would allow the development of up to 275 residential units, would have an adverse effect on these intersections and congestion on Alii Drive, thus the applicant is requesting the "downzoning" of the property to RS- 20 and RA-3a to reduce traffic impacts on area roadways of developing the property. The "downzoning" of the property will also support goals of the General Plan and CDP to protect historic and cultural resources in that the proposed lower zoning density will provide larger areas of open space to reduce impacts these resources. The proposed request will result in a more appropriate land use pattern that will further the'public necessity and convenience and the general welfare. When considering any request to change the zoning district of a property, the Director shall consider the purpose of the existing and proposed zoning district and the purpose of the Zoning Code and shall recommend a change in zoning only where it would result in a more appropriate land use pattern that will further the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare. In considering the request in relation to the surrounding zoning, the request will result in an appropriate land use pattern. The property is surrounded by a mix of -3- agricultural zoning (A-5a) to the north and residential uses and zoning(RS-15)to the south. The Ali`i Heights subdivision, consisting of single-family residential lots about 15,000 square feet in size, is located just south of Parcel 124. The Kuakini Heights subdivision is located east of the property above Kuakini Highway. This subdivision is zoned RS-10. The property immediately north of the property is zoned A-5a and vacant. The Ho`omalu on Ali`i subdivision, consisting of agricultural lots about 5 acres in size, is located further to the north. The proposed RA-3a and RS-20 zoning is more consistent with the surrounding zoning densities of A-5a, RS-10 and RS-15, than the current zoning densities. To further limit increased density in-the area, although ohana dwellings are permitted in the County's Residential zoned district, a condition will be included to incorporate restrictive covenants in the deed of all lots to prohibit ohana dwellings on the newly created lots. Lastly, the concurrency requirements in the Zoning Code for water indicate that a zoning amendment should not be granted unless the Department of Water Supply has determined that it can meet the water requirements of the project. The current zoning allows the development of up to 275 residential units; however, the water availability in • the area has significantly changed since the original change of zone was granted in 1994 to where only 37 units of water are available to the property. The request to "downzone" the property would conform to the Zoning Code in that the request would bring the zoning density in line with the current water availability for the area. Based on the above information, the proposed request will result in a more appropriate land use pattern that will further the public necessity and convenience, and the general welfare of the County. The proposed request will not burden public agencies to provide utilities and services to the subject property. Access to the property will be from La'aloa Avenue, which is a two-lane paved County roadway with paved shoulders, and curb, gutter, sidewalks. There is also a raised median in the roadway, and therefore the Department of Public Works (DPW) recommends restricting the driveway access to right-in/right-out movements unless the median at the proposed access is removed by the developer. According to DPW,direct access to individual residential lots will not be allowed on La'aloa Avenue and the future Ali`i Highway. Additionally,the State Department of -4- Transportation previously indicated that access to Kuakini Highway will not be allowed. DOT also recommends a traffic study be completed by a future developer and any recommended improvements are implemented at the Kuakini Highway-La'aloa Avenue intersection. County water is available to the property. According to the Department of Water Supply(DWS), a maximum of 50 units of water is available per existing lot of record, which was the original 44.376-acre parcel known as Parcel 21. This parcel has since been divided into three parcels (21, 120 and 124)by the Ali`i Highway and La'aloa Avenue extension. The DWS has divided the water units proportionally based on the land area of each parcel and determined that 37 units of water can be made available to the subject property. Extensive improvements and additions to the County water system will be needed in order to provide additional water to the property. The County sewer system is located nearby in La'aloa Avenue. The County Department of Environmental Management recommends a sewer study be completed by a future developer to determine the extent of improvements needed to the County sewer system prior to future development of the property. Solid waste will be handled by commercial haulers or individual homeowners into authorized landfill sites or transfer stations. The property is mainly located within the Flood Zone "X", which is an area outside of the 500-year flood plain. All essential utilities and services are available to the property. Police, fire and medical services are available nearby in Kona and Kealakekua. Lastly, in addition to including conditions recommended by the agencies, the Director recommends the standard fair share contribution condition be added to mitigate the potential regional impacts of development of the property with respect to public services and facilities. The subject request is not contrary to Chapter 205A,Hawaii Revised Statues, relating to Coastal Zone Management. The property is situated in the Special Management Area and therefore an SMA Permit will need to be issued by the Planning Commission before a future landowner can develop the property. The property is not a shoreline property and will not be impacted by coastal hazards and beach erosion. There -5- is no record of a designated public access to the shoreline or mountain areas that traverses the property. In view of the Hawai`i State Supreme Court's "PASH" and"Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka'Aina"decisions, the issue relative to native Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights must be addressed in terms of the cultural, historical, and natural resources and the associated traditional and customary practices of the site: Investigation of valued resources: Several professional archaeological and cultural studies have been conducted for the property and surrounding area over the years. The most recent study was an Archaeological Inventory Survey(AIS)prepared by Haun & Associates in April 2006 for a 42-acre area consisting of the subject parcels and Parcel 21 and 23 to the west. No professional flora or fauna surveys were conducted of the site because it has been used for cattle grazing in the past. The valuable cultural, historical, and natural resources found in the rezoning area: The 2006 AIS indicated the property is situated in the lower portion of the kula zone of the Kona Field System. There were 41 historic sites containing 1,058 features within the study area. The function of these features includes agricultural,permanent and temporary habitation,burials, livestock control, ceremonial, ranching, transportation and flood control. The study recommended preservation of 6 sites (6302, 6348, 6350, 6991, 6994, 24541), mitigation through data recovery for 21 sites, and no further work due to adequate documentation for 14 sites. Of the six sites recommended for preservation, two sites (Site 6302, the Kuakini.Wall and Site 6350, a trail) are located on the subject property. In a letter dated May 22, 2006, the State Historic Preservation Division(SHPD) agreed with the survey's recommendations, thus a Data Recovery Plan and Preservation Plan will be prepared and implemented for the identified sites on the property. There is a historic trail (Site 6350)that runs in a mauka-makai direction through the property and adjacent property to the west; however, there is no evidence this is a public access trail. The 2006 archaeological field survey also identified Opiuma, kiawe, koa haole, grasses, scattered lantana, and panini cactus.No threatened or endangered flora was identified on the property and it is unlikely that threatened or endangered fauna would be found on the property since the property is surrounded by urban development. -6- Possible adverse effect or impairment of valued resources: There maybe a possibility that native plants, animals or bird nesting areas could be destroyed by construction and ground alteration. The subject property does not abut the shoreline, therefore Hawaiian gathering and fishing rights is not an issue. Feasible actions to protect native Hawaiian rights: A condition of approval will be included to require the applicant provide a Data Recovery Plan and Mitigation Plan for historic and cultural resources identified on the property in the 2006 AIS. Based on the preceding, it is believed that the project would have no adverse impact relative to the archaeological, cultural or historical resources of the area. To the extent to which traditional and customary Native Hawaiian rights are exercised, the proposed change of zone will not affect traditional Hawaiian rights and no action is necessary to protect these rights. Lastly, this approval is made with the understanding that the applicant remains responsible for complying with all other applicable governmental requirements in connection with the approved use, prior to its commencement or establishment upon the subject property. Additional governmental requirements may include the issuance of building permits, the installation of approved wastewater disposal systems, compliance with the Fire Code, installation of improvements required by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA), compliance with DLNR-SHPD requirements, among many others. Compliance with all applicable governmental requirements is a condition of this approval; failure to comply with such requirements will be considered a violation that may result in enforcement action by the Planning Department and/or the affected agencies. Based on the above findings, approval of this change ofzone request from Multiple- Family Residential-3,500 square feet (RM-3.5) and Single-Family Residential- 7,500 square feet (RS-7.5) to Residential and Agriculture- 3 acres (RA-3a) and Single-Family Residential-20,000 square feet (RS-20) would result in an appropriate land use pattern that will further benefit the general public. The accompanying draft bill to amend Section 25- 8-3 (North Kona Zone Map), Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawai`i County Code, is -7- provided for your favorable consideration. Please note the proposed conditions of approval attached to the draft bill. • -8- OJNtY OF N;117,.. COUNTY OF HAWAII ,•(4k-''-=-�' STATE OF HAWAII .. BILL NO. ORDINANCE NO. (Phiv, P4--) AN ORDINANCE AMENDING SECTION 2578-3 (NORTH KONA ZONE MAP), ARTICLE 8, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE 1983 (2016 EDITION, AS AMENDED), BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL—7,500 SQUARE FEET (RS-7.5) AND MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL—3,500 SQUARE FEET (RM-3.5) TO RESIDENTIAL & AGRICULTURAL—THREE ACRES (RA-3a) AND SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL— 20,000 SQUARE FEET (RS-20)AT PAHOEHOE 2ND,NORTH KONA, HAWAII, COVERED BY TAX MAP KEY: 7-7-008:120 AND 7-7-008:124. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Section 25-8-3, Article 8, Chapter 25 (Zoning Code) of the Hawai`i County Code 1983 (2016 Edition, as amended) is amended to change the district classification of property described hereinafter as follows: The district classification of the following area situated at Pahoehoe 2nd, North Kona District, Hawai`i, shall be Residential &Agricultural—3 acres (RA-3a) and Single Family Residential—20,000 square feet (RS-20): LOT A-1-A (RM 3.5 to RS-20) Beginning at the Southeasterly corner of thisortion of Lot A-1-A beingalso a p � point on the Southerly boundary of Lot A-1-A and a point on the Northerly boundary of Lot 2-A-1, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAHELO" being 8,981.23.feet South and 7,552.16 feet East and running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: Thence, for the next seven(7) courses following along stonewall and along Lot 2-A-1 and Grant 1751 to Kahanele: -1- 1. 79° 35' 43" 84.51 feet to a point; 2. 73° 19' 43" 125.60 feet to a point; 3. 85° 07' 43" 183.70 feet to a point; 4. 68° 15' 43" 85.00 feet to a point; 5. 89° 50' 43" 48.30 feet to a point; 6. 83° 01' 43" 435.00 feet to a point; 7. 94° 10' 40" 401.34 feet to a point; 8. 157° 15' 225.93 feet along the Easterly side of Parcel 14 (F.A.P. No. RS-0187 (004) to a point; Thence, following along the Easterly side of Parcel 14 (F.A.P. No. RS-0187 (004) on a curve to the left with a radius of 1,505.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 9� 152° 26' 42.5" 252.12 feet to a point; 10. 56° 24' 22.71 feet along the Easterly side of Parcel 14 (F.A.P. No. RS-0187 (004) to a point; 11. 146° 24' 20.38 feet along the Easterly side of Parcel 14 (F.A.P. No. RS-0187 (004) to a point; Thence, for the next four (4) courses following along Lot 20-A and along Grant 1857 to Paakea: 12. 262° 33' 26" 37.98 feet to a point; 13. 268° 28' 40" 23.94 feet to a point; 14. 273° 54' 12.31 feet to a point; 15. 189° 22' 5.23 feet to a point; -2- Thence, for the next five (5) courses following along stonewall, Lot A and Grant 2033 to Haleluhi: 16. 267° 48' 50" 167.42 feet to a point 17. 267° 30' 40" 685.53 feet to a point; 18. 262° 29' 10" 62.61 feet to a point; 19. 261° 17' 40" 399.11 feet to a point; 20. 261° 30' 25" 131.00 feet to a point; 21. 351° 30' 25" 453.17 feet along the remainders of Lot A-1-A, Royal Patent 1668, Land Commission Award 8520-B, Apana 3 to Lahilahi to the point of beginning and containing an area of 15.393 Acres. LOT A-1-A (RS 7.5 to RS-20) Beginning at the Southwesterly corner of this portion of Lot A-1A, being also a point on the Southerly boundary of Lot A-1-A and a point on the Northerly boundary of Lot 2-A-1, the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAHELO" being 8,981.23 feet South and 7,552.16 feet East and running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: 1. 171° 30' 25" 453.17 feet along the remainder of Lot A-1-A to a point; 2. 261° 30'30 25" 280.40 feet along stonewall, Lot A and Grant 2033 to Haleluhi to a point; 3. 258° 03' 25" 182.15 feet along stonewall, Lot A and Grant 2033 to a point; 4. 357° 37' 59" 59.89 feet along the Westerly side of La`aloa Avenue to a point; Thence, following along the Westerly side of La`aloa Avenue on a curve to the right with a radius of 795.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: -3- 5. 13° 31' 56" 435.57 feet to a point; 6. 81° 42' 43" 242.62 feet along stonewall and along Lot 2-A-1 and Grant 1751 to Kahanele to a point; 7. 79° 35' 43" 49.89 feet along stonewall and along Lot 2-A-1 and Grant 1751 to Kahanele to the point of beginning and containing an area of 4.204 Acres. LOT A-1-B (RS 7.5 to RA-3a) Beginning at the Southwesterly corner of this parcel of land,being also the Southwesterly corner of La`aloa Avenue (formerly Lot A-1-C) and being a point on the Northerly boundary of Lot 7 of Ali`i Heights,Unit 2, Phase 1 (File Plan 2372), the coordinates of said point of beginning referred to Government Survey Triangulation Station "KAHELO"being 8,908.02 feet South and 8,000.42 feet East and running by azimuths measured clockwise from True South: Thence, from a tangent azimuth of 202° 59' 51" following along the Easterly side ofLa`aloa Avenue (formerly Lot A-1-C) on a curve to the left with a radius of 925.00 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 1. 190° 18' 55" 406.16 feet to a point; 2. 177° 37' 59" 81.82 feet along the Easterly side of La`aloa Avenue (formerly Lot A-1-C) to a point; Thence, for the next three (3) courses following along stonewall, Lot B and long Grant 2033 to Haleluhi: 3. 258° 03' 25" 121.50 feet to a point; 4. 255° 56' 35" 713.56 feet to a point; 5. 254° 27' 48.91 feet to a point; -4- 6. 260° 55' 30" 34.38 feet along stonewall, Lot B, Grant 2033 to Haleluhi and the Westerly side of Kuakini Highway(F.A.S.P. No. S-229 (1))to a point; Thence, for the next three (3) courses following along the Westerly side of Kuakini Highway(F.A.S.P. No. S-229 (1)). Thence, from a tangent azimuth of 334° 11' 43" following on a curve to the right with a radius of 5,679.58 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 7. 334° 54' 19" 140.76 feet to a point; 8. 245° 36' 55" 10.00 feet to a point; Thence, from a tangent azimuth of 335° 36' 55" following on a curve to the right with a radius of 5,689.58 feet, the chord azimuth and distance being: 9. 337° 03' 37" 286.95 feet to a point: Thence, for the next fifteen(15) courses following along stonewall, and along Grant 1751 to Kahanele: 10. 83° 58' 43" 58.80 feet along Lot 7 to a point; 11. 63° 51' 43" 56.40 feet along Lot 7 to a point; 12. 72° 00' 13" 172.90 feet along Lot 7 and Lot 6 to a point; 13. 77° 38' 43" 79.30 feet along Lot 6 to a point; 14. 84° 39' 43" 37.70 feet along Lot 6 to a point; 15. 74° 03' 43" 92.70 feet along Lot 6 to a point; 16. 64° 26' 43" 92.20 feet along Lot 6 and Lot 5 to a point; 17. 84° 26' 43" 85.00 feet along Lot 5 to a point; 18. 70° 39' 43" 140.70 feet along Lot 4 and Lot 3 to a point; -5- 19. 74° 36' 43" 50.50 feet along Lot 3 to a point; 20. 89° 41' 43" 55.20 feet along Lot 3 and Lot 2 to a point; 21. 86° 46' 43" 49.00 feet along Lot 2 to a point; 22. 72° 57' 43" 73.60 feet along Lot 2 to a point; 23. 67° 30' 43" 36.13 feet along Lot 2 to a point; 24. 72° 27' 145.78 feet along Lot 8 and Lot 7 of Ali`i Heights, Unit 2, Phase I (File Plan 2372) to the point of beginning and containing an area of 10.352 Acres. All as shown on the map attached hereto, marked Exhibit "A" and by reference made a part hereof SECTION 2. In accordance with Section 25-2-44, Hawai`i County Code 1983 (2016 Edition, as amended), the County Council finds the following conditions are: (1) Necessary to prevent circumstances which maybe adverse to the public health, safety and welfare; or (2) Reasonably conceived to fulfill needs directly emanating from the land use proposed with respect to: (A) Protection of the public from the potentially deleterious effects of the proposed use, or (B) Fulfillment of the need for public service demands created by the proposed use. SEE ATTACHED CONDITIONS SECTION 3. Severability. If any provision of this ordinance, or the application thereof to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or -6- applications of the ordinance which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this ordinance are severable. SECTION 4. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. • INTRODUCED BY: COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAI`I , Hawai`i Date of Introduction: Date of 1st Reading: Date of 2nd Reading: Effective Date: -7- • tiliv\t„w\v„iik. -11'11 A-5a PORTION LOTA-I-A SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL-7,500 SQUARE FEET(RS-7.5)TO 111 SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL-20,000 SQUARE FEET(RS-20) 4.204 ACRES - A-la A-5a LOT A-1-B 1411PSINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL-7,500 SQUARE FEET(RS-7.5)TO RESIDENTIAL&AGRICULTURAL-3ACRES(RA•3a) • 10.352 ACRES G 2 PORTION 3,500 -A lipplinii R5-10 MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL-3,500 SQUARE FEET(RM-3.5)TO Z SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL-20,000 SQUARE FEET(RS-20) 15.393 ACRES A-So L ',',t 1111111111 dillkt_-;-::::::77::;tf::t-:;frt::F,,RS 10 RS-10 ,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,-717„!s.,74:,'e:nittrir•RAI F. T ', �` 'i f 5 i l f r: Y � � 1 1 C N r y rt CVgarnaMWMUMMOAMIRWMAMWMWOMIr ,,,,, ,,,, Via,. o.z-, :,, , „,„,,,, ik i,sopg,v,u-- t '•. �.�. AHEL0011111#4 .,. .,,. .-........ .......... .. 8.981.23'5 7,552J6'E "FAHELO" R5-15 R5-15 *AN 4. i'S-15 Ot • LA AL F -° Ili Ø1L $* RsIW .R C ikN�� , Oilbwriiipiiott.,&tr,CIS ilis Ile= 111"w _MI NM eal■Waiiffi Feet 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 AMENDMENT TO THE ZONING CODE AMENDING SECTION 25-8-3 (NORTH KONA ZONE MAP) ARTICLE 8, CHAPTER 25 (ZONING) OF THE HAWAII COUNTY CODE 1983 (2016 EDITION, AS AMENDED), BY CHANGING THE DISTRICT CLASSIFICATION FROM ' SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - 7,500 SQUARE FEET (RS-7.5) AND MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - 3,500 SQUARE FEET (RM-3.5)TO RESIDENTIAL & AGRICULTURAL -THREE ACRES (RA-3a) AND SINGLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL - 20,000 SQUARE FEET (RS-20) AT PAHOEHOE 2ND, NORTH KONA, HAWAII MAP PREPARED BY: TMK:(3)7-7-008:120 COUNTY OF HAWAII, PLANNING DEPARTMENT &7-7-008:124 DATE:September 20,2019 EXHIBIT"A" BNP Paribas VPG Brookline CRE,LLC Mao: 1411 CBNPParibasREZ19-238.doc 2/13/20 BNP PARIBAS VPG BROOKLINE CRE,LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (REZ 19-000238) CONDITIONS OF APPROVAL • A. The applicant, its successors or assigns shall be responsible for complying with all stated conditions of approval. B. Prior to any land alteration or issuance of Final Subdivision Approval (whichever occurs first), the applicant, its successors or assigns shall secure a Special Management Area Permit in compliance with Hawai`i Revised Statutes 205A and Planning Commission Rules of Practice and Procedure for the Special Management Area. C. A Data Recovery Plan and Preservation Plan for historic and cultural resources identified in the April 2006 Archaeological Inventory Survey prepared by Haun & Associates shall be prepared and approved by the State Historic Preservation Division prior to submittal of a Special Management Area assessment or permit application. D. The required water commitment payment for thirty-seven(37) water commitments shall be submitted to the Department of Water Supply in accordance with its "Water Commitment Guidelines Policy"within one hundred and eighty (180) days from the effective date of this ordinance. The applicant, its successors or assigns are responsible for maintaining valid water commitments to support development of the property until such time that required water facilities charges are paid in full. E. Final Subdivision Approval for development of the property shall be secured from the Planning Director within five (5) years from the effective date of this ordinance. F. No lots shall have direct access from Kuakini Highway. G. The applicant,its successors or assigns shall prepare and submit to the State Department of Transportation for approval a traffic assessment report for either or both parcels prior to future development. The applicant, its successors or assigns shall be responsible for any recommended improvements at the La`aloa Avenue= Kuakini Highway intersection area at their cost. • H. Access to the property at La'aloa Avenue shall be restricted to right-in, right-out movements only unless the median in La`aloa Avenue is removed by the applicant, its successors or assigns. The median removal shall be designed and submitted to the Department of Public Works for review and approval. I. The location of the access(es) off La`aloa Avenue shall meet the approval of the Department of Public Works and shall not interfere with any existing drainage features along the property frontage. J. No lots shall have direct access from La'aloa Avenue. Properties fronting La`aloa Avenue shall have a no vehicular access planting screen easement along the La'aloa Avenue property boundary and this easement shall be delineated on all plans submitted to the County for subdivision approval. K. The property shall have no vehicular access to the future Ali`i Highway. Properties fronting the future Alii Highway shall have a no vehicular access planting screen easement along the Ali`i Highway property boundary and this easement shall be delineated on all plans submitted to the County for subdivision approval. L. Install streetlights, signs and markings, meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works-Traffic Division. M. All work within the County Right-of-Way shall conform to Chapter 22 (County Streets) of the Hawai`i County Code. N. All development generated runoff shall be maintained on site and shall not be directed toward adjacent properties. 0. All earthwork and grading activity shall confonn to Chapter 10, Erosion and Sedimentation Control of the Hawai`i County Code. P. The applicant, its successors or assigns shall conduct a sewer study in accordance with the then applicable wastewater system design standards prior to approval to connect to the County sewer system, and shall provide such sewer line or other facility improvements as the Director of the Department of Environmental Management may reasonably require, which the sewer study may indicate are advisable for mitigation of impacts of developing the property. -2- Q. Restrictive covenants in the deeds of all proposed lots within the property shall give notice that the terms of the zoning ordinance prohibit the construction of a second dwelling unit and condominium property regimes on each lot. This restriction may be removed by amendment of this ordinance by the County Council. A copy of the proposed covenant(s) to be recorded with the State Bureau of Conveyances shall be submitted to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to the issuance of Final Subdivision Approval. A copy of the recorded document shall be filed with the Planning Department upon its receipt from the Bureau of Conveyances. R. The applicant, its successors, or assigns shall make a fair share contribution to mitigate the potential regional impacts of development of the property with respect to parks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads. The fair share contribution shall become due and payable prior to receipt of Final Subdivision Approval. The fair share contribution shall be based on the actual number of additional lots and/or residential units created. The fair share contribution in a form of cash, land, facilities or any combination thereof shall be determined by the County Council. The fair share contribution may be adjusted annually beginning three years after the effective date of this ordinance, based on the percentage change in the Honolulu Consumer Price Index (HCPI). The fair share contribution shall have a combined value of$14,596.67 per single family residential unit/lot. The total amount shall be determined with the actual number of units and/or lots according to the calculation and payment provisions set forth in this condition. The fair share contribution shall be allocated as follows: 1. $7,038.77 per single family residential unit/lot to the County to support park and recreational improvements and facilities; 2. $339.55 per single family residential unit/lot to the County to support police facilities; 3. $670.66 per single family residential unit/lot to the County to support fire facilities; 4. $293.62 per single family residential unit/lot to the County to support solid waste facilities; and -3- 5. $6,254.07 per single family residential unit/lot to the County to support road and traffic improvements. In lieu of paying the fair share contribution, the applicant may contribute land and/or construct improvements/facilities related to parks and recreation, fire, police, solid waste disposal facilities and roads within the region impacted by the proposed development, subject to the review and recommendation of the Planning Director, upon consultation with the appropriate agencies and approval of the County Council. This condition shall not apply to any housing units constructed within the rezone area defined as `affordable' by Chapter 11 (Housing), Hawai`i County Code and so certified by the County Office of Housing and Community Development. • S. To ensure that the Goals and Policies of the Housing Element of the General Plan are implemented, the applicant shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 11, Article 1, Hawai`i County Code relating to Affordable Housing Policy. This requirement shall be approved by the Administrator of the Office of Housing and Community Development prior to Final Subdivision Approval. T. Should the Council adopt a Unified Impact Fees Ordinance setting forth criteria for imposition of exactions or the assessment of impact fees, conditions included herein shall be credited towards the requirements of the Unified Impact Fees Ordinance. U. The applicant, its successors and/or assigns shall comply with all applicable County, State and Federal laws, rules, regulations and requirements. V. An initial extension of time for the performance of conditions within the ordinance may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: 1. The non-performance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the control of the applicant, successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault or negligence. 2. Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the General Plan or Zoning Code. -4- • 3. Granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the change of zone. 4. The time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed the period originally granted for performance (i.e., a condition to be performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year). V. Should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion, the Planning Director may initiate rezoning of the area to its original or more appropriate designation. -5- BNP PARIBAS VPG BROOKLINE CRE, LLC CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION : ( REZ- 1 9-000238) RM-3.5/ RS-7 .5 TO RS-20, and RS-7 .5 TO RA-3a a `t''',joo3 ud ' ea eea • 3 - ‘Nttrittwatow . . �� rT , ® oleu0H , ', ' 'r + ; _ 1noyeaN nnie'• / r ti t_ . 114114,411356,00 M 1 1 .. a '� R f�: t ��1 ,w,ev .:t�+rr`�� € ^\ .i !� s S st C'", u^riW uv 'u+' ryfi ., , .� .r . —• .. .. ..„ • ..• . ,.., ,, _ •,.„.„,,.......,..„,„..,..,,,,.....„,,,..,F.,,,, eolenloH .: „„,:•„,,,,-,,,,,,,..,,,,„,,,-..„- ,,,,„ • �` euoN enlieN n . }C S �' .X. �l'K � e` ,.R : n�p�r` I \ X61 ' °� ' Ds amasa>IsaioJ » ti `d atm ein,enuaN 0 :44,‘ * L) Z 4 •y .. i . k ♦ ... •t s R THE APPLICANT IS REQUESTING: • A CHANGE OF ZONE FOR PARCEL 120, FROM RM-3.5 & RS-7.5 TO RS-20 • A CHANGE OF ZONE FOR PARCEL 124, FROM RS-7.5 TO RA-3a w ce REASON FOR THE REQUEST: • APPLICANT IS BANK THAT ACQUIRED PROPERTY VIA FORECLOSURE; " DOWN-ZONING" PROPOSED TO U SUPPORT FUTURE SALE OF PARCELS TO DEVELOPER • PROPERTIES HAVE MAXIMUM OF 37 UNITS OF WATER • BETTER ALIGN PARCEL ZONING WITH KONA CDP • �oedJ itm Iti `{ \ to-ii-,j4,,,,, ,,. „ . 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View West (makai) to P. 120 (Th`� 0 Z View East (mauka) to P. 124 Y, d _-- a y'ur. V Z PLANNING DIRECTOR' S RECOMMENDATION o • FORWARD A FAVORABLE RECOMMENDATION TO 0 THE COUNTY COUNCIL FOR CHANGE OF ZONE v APPLICATION REZ- 1 9-000238 O