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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCOM 0411.000 1998-2000 Q,b.3E$AlUA li e RECEIVED AUG 1 U X999 30V IAISON OFFICE COUNTY Kumukaizawai ~ RECE/VED A UG I 0 1999 Y CUI1StltUtlOit Office of Dan/el K. Inouye l V.S. Senate 1"auetiur,o' Hawaii Pae Aina ~ - Kingdom of Hmvai'i , - ~ - ~ " ~ ~ 7 'C c lmuo Mt keokuo. AEG I O i9~.9 ~ j O u-'' , ~ ~ Declaration of Rights, Both ojthe People and Chiefs. m~_ _ o z kua hath jone blood all nations ojpeople to dwell on the earth, in unity and blessedness. Akua a~ 6e y~d certain rights alike on al/ people and all chiefs, of all lands. ~ vU Thes~re rights which HE has given alike to every man, woman, and chiejojcorrect deportment; life, limb,'liberty, freedom Jrom oppression; the earnings of their hands and the productions of their minds, not however to those who act in violation of laws. Akua has also established government, and rule for the purpose ojpeace, but in making laws for the nation, our Kingdom, it is by no means proper to enact laws for the protection of the rulers, chiefs, and legislators only, without providing protection for their subjects, neither is it proper to enact laws to enrich the chiefs only, without regard to enriching their subjects, and hereafter there will by no means be any laws enacted which are at variance with what is expressed herein, neither will any tax 6e assessed, nor any service or labor be required ojany man, woman, or chief, in a manner which is at variance with HIS law herein given. Protection for the People Declared The afore sentiments are hereby given for the protection alike, both of the people and the chiefs ojall these islands, while they maintain a correct deportment; that no chief shall be able to oppress any subject, but that chiefs and people may enjoy the same protection, under one and the same law. Protection is hereby secured to the persons ojall the people, together with their lands, their building lots, and all their property, while they conform to the laws ojthis Kingdom, and nothing what so ever will 6e taken from any person except by express provision ojthe laws. Whatever ruler or chiejwho act persever- ingly in violation ojthis Constitution, will no longer remain a ruler or chief of Hawaii Pae Aina, and the same will 6e true ojlegislators and representatives of the people. , „ „ ; ^ ; n - - i , However, if any one who is deposed shall change and make good the conduct pF~grt~ingi to the law, ii shall then 6e in the power ojthe ruler in harmony with the chiefs to reinstate that pex,fgnl{a the place previously occupied to being deposed. at I~I~ ~i ~Ir~ I[ shalt herein after be known that the people of this Kingdom subjects o~the realm and erein after according to deportment kanaka maoli, native hawar'ian, and alien ojforeign origin: And nothing what so ever will preclude, nor avert, nor deprive any person from this right. Comm. No. File No. H A W Ref. Tot Ref. Date AUG 1 0 1~, Kuinulcanawai Constitution Hawai'i Pae Aina Kingdom of Hawaii lmwa me kmkua We the people ojthe Kingdom in maintaining peace and harmony ojthis realm, herein express our desire and design to regulate and maintain our Kingdom according to the afore mentioned rights and protection declared, and thus seek the greatest prosperity of chiefs and people ojthese Hawai7an Islands. We are aware that we cannot ourselves alone accomplish such an object without Akua-HE must be our aid, for it is HIS province alone to give perfect protection and prosperity. Wherefore we first present our supplication to HIM, that HE will guide us to right measures and sustain us in our labor. Therefore it is ourJixed decree; that, Article 1. No law shall be enacted which is at variance with the genera[ spirit ojHIS word. All laws ojthis realm shall be in consistency with the genera[ spirit ojHIS law. Article 2. All persons ojall people shall be protected in worship of HIM, according to their own understanding, but no person of the people shall ever be punished for the neglect ojHIM, unless injury is brought upon the Kingdom, any person ojthe people, or this realm. Article 3. All religions or forms ojworship is herein protected, so long as injury is not brought upon the Kingdom, any person of the people, or this realm; and is in accordance with the afore mentioned sentiments. Artrcle 4. No religion or form of worship shall be granted the use of drugs or contraband in such worship. Nor will conduct ojtmmoral behavior allowed or practiced in such worship. This sacred privilege hereby secured, shall not be so construed as to justify acts ojlicentiousness or practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of this Kingdom. Article 5. All persons of the people may freely speak, write and publish their sentiments on all forms of expres- sions, being responsible for the abuse ojthat right and that, no law shall be enacted or passed to restrain or abridge the liberty ojspeech or ofthe press. Article 6. A!1 persons of the people shall have the right, in an orderly and peaceable manner to assemble, without arms, to consult upon the common good; give instructions to their Representatives; and to petition the King or the Legislature jor redress ojgrievances. Article 7. The privilege of the Writ ojHabeas Corpus belongs to all persons of the people, shall not 6e suspended, unless by the King or when in cases of rebellion or invasion and the safety oJthe subjects shall require its suspension. Article 8. The right ojjury trial in all cases is granted to a!1 persons ojthe people brought before the government of this Kingdom, shall remain inviolate forever. Article 9. No person of the people shall be punished jor any offense, except on due and legal conviction thereof, in a court havingjurisdictlon ojthe case. Article 10. No person of the people shall be held to answer jor any crime or offense, except in cases ojimpeachment, or jor offenses within the jurisdiction oJa sheriff; marshal or district justice, or in summary proceedings jor contempt, unless upon indictment, fully and plainly describing such crime or offense; and in the trait ojany person on the charge of any crime or offense, shall have the right to meet the witnesses who are produced against him, face to face, to produce witnesses and proofs in a persons favor; and 6y declaration, act as couhsel on own behalf, to examine the witnesses produced on own behalf, and cross examine those produced against such person; and to be fully heard in own defense. Article 11. No person shall be required to answer again jor an offense, jor which that person has been duly convicted, or ojwhich that person has been duly acquitted upon a good and sufficient indictment. Article 12. Na person shall be compelled in any criminal case, to be a witness against one's self, nor be deprived of life, limb, liberty, or property, without due process oJlaw. Article 13. No person of the people shall sit as judge or juror, in any case in which that person's relative is interested, either as plainn'ff or defendant, or in the issue ojwhich the said judge or juror may have, either directly or through a relative, any pecuniary Interest; and on the issue of relative, it shall be construed and understood that the uniqueness of these islands, a relative is one who is ojjourth cousin or further along the genealogy, shall not be prohibited from judge or juror in any case Article 14. Every person of the people has the right to be secure from alJ unreasonable searches and seizures of one's person, ojone's house or domicile, papers and effects; and no warrants steal! issue, but on probable cause, supported by oath or ajjSrmation, and describing the place to be searched, and or the person or things to be seized. Article 1 S. Every person ojthe people shall have the right to counsel; the right not to self incriminate; and to be made aware ojthe crime or ojj'ense for which seizure and or arrest of the person is made in accordance with the law. Article 16. Slavery shall, under no circumstances whatever, be tolerated in the Kingdom or realm; whenever a slave shall enter the territorial and jurisdictional boundaries ojthe Kingdom, that slave shall be a free person; no person shall import a slave or slaves into the territorial and jurisdictional boundaries of the Kingdom, and shall never enjoy civil or political rights and privileges in this realm; however, involuntary servitude for the punishment ojcrime is allowable according to law. Article 17. His Majesty, the King conducts His Government for the common good; for the protection, safety, prosperity and happiness of Kis people; and not for profit, honor, or private interest of any one person, family or class ojpersons among His subjects. Therefore in making laws for the Kingdom and realm, regard shall be had to the protection, interest and welfare not only of the King, or the Chiefs and Legislators, but ofall the persons ojthe people alike. Article 18. Every person of the people shall have and is granted the right to be judged or heard before the King; of which His is the highest court ojthe realm; petition shall 6e made proper for appeal to Hts Majesty; such appeal steal! be presented to His Majesty s Attorney General, upon which after duly noting such appeal, it shall be presented to His Majesty's Kuhinanui or Prime 1Nnister for proper presentment before Kis Majesty; upon which His Majesty shall diligently with honor, in accordance with the laws of the Kingdom, be bound to hear such appeal; and upon His Majesty's consideration of such appeal His decision shall be just and final. Article !9. Every person ojthe people, ojeach member ojsociety poses the inherent right to be protected in the enjoyment ojlife, liberty, the productions ojthe mind, the fruits and labor ojhand, and the property of the person, according to the laws of the Kingdom. Every person ojthe people, ojeach member ojsociety is obliged, consequently, to contribute a proportional share to the expense ojthis protection; to give personal service, or an equivalent, when necessary; but no part ojthe property or landed property of any person, can, with justice, be taken from the person or applied to public uses without the consent of the person, or that of the King, the Nobles, and the Legislators of the people. And, whenever the public exigencies require that the property or landed property ojany person should be appropriated to public uses, reasonable compensation shall be granted to the person therefore. Article 20. All retrospective laws are unjust; therefore, na such laws shall ever be enacted or passed; however, the uniqueness of these Hawaiian Islands, the history and culture of the people, customary law shall tie respected and due consideration shall be given to the protection and preservation thereof. So long as, there is no violation of law, nor danger to the peace and harmony ojthis Kingdom. Article 21. No subsidy, impost, duties or tax ojany description, shall be established or levied, nor any money drawn from the public treasury under any pretext whatsoever, without the consent of both branches of the Legislature, the House of Nobles and the House of Representatives; provided that the Legislature shall make provision, in the annual bills ojappropriation, for the emergency ojware, irrvasion, or rebellion; and the Minister of Finance shall render a detailed account to the Legislature of any expenditure made under that provision. Article 22. The Military shall always tie bound to the laws of the land and the Kingdom, and no soldier shall, in time ojpeace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner; nor in time ofwar, but in a manner to be prescribed by the Legislature. Article 23. Every subject ojthis Kingdom shat! be privileged to participate as an elector; and shall be privileged from arrest on election days, during attendance at election polls, and in going to and returning therefrom, except in cases ojtreason, felony, or breach of the peace. Article 24. Every subject who is an elector shall not be so obliged to perform military duty, in the day ojelection, as to prevent voting, except in time of war or public danger. Arttcle 25. Al! subjects ojthe Kingdom, who have attained the age ojlwenty-one years, steal! be privileged to become an elector and participate in the election ojpersons jor the Kouse ojRepresentative; and furthermore, be privileged to participate in the campaigning ojcandidates thereof. Article 26. Any subject of the Kingdom, privileged as an elector who has been conrvicted of a felony, or has committed a crime, or is seized and detained, sha116e denied the privilege ojvoting or participating in the election; however, in accordance with the law ojthis Kingdom and realm, the privilege ojan elector shall be restored to any subject who has made restitution and has dutifully served punishment jor the crime; and maintains behavior in accordance with the laws ojthis Kingdom. Article 27. Every and all subjects of the Kingdom, who have attained the age ojtwenty-one years, and has not been convicted oja felony, shall be privileged to bear arms; however, no alien shall be permitted to bear arms or poses the same, this privilege is denied Article 28. The possession and consumption ojalcoholic beverages and beer under the attained age ojtwentyone years is prohibited by law; those persons of the people, subjects, native hawai pans, aliens, who are irrvio[ate ojthe law shall be guilty ojmisdemeanor and may be seized and detained in a correctional facility. Article 29. The possession, use, and consumption ojtobacco products under the attained age ojtwentyone years is prohibited by law; those persons ojhhe people, subjects, native hawai'ians, aliens, who are inviolate of the law shall be guilty ojmisdemeanor and may be seized and detained in a correctional facility. Article 30. The possession, use, sale, and consumption ojdangerous drugs and contraband, as defined and identified by the Department ojJustice, shall be punishable as a felony; those persons ojthe people, subjects, native hawai'ians, aliens, who have attained the age ojsixteen years, shall be guilty oja felony and shall be brought before the court as an adult; all others, who have not attained the age ojsixteen years, shall be guilty ojmisdemeanor and maybe seized and detained in a correctional facility. Article 31. The act ojrape and or child molestation shall be deemed in law a felony; and shall be punishable with incarceration often (IO) years; bu! not less than eight (8) years, at hard labor. Article 32. The act ojchild neglect shat/ be considered in law to be a misdemeanor; the act ojphysical child abuse shall be deemed in law a felony and punishable up to six (ti) years, but not less than jour (4) years; but, should death occur, the punishment shall be no less than twenty (20) years. Article 33. It shall be the responsibility ojthis Kingdom to ensure that education shall be available to all persons of the people, subjects, native hawai7ans, aliens; and to include, the House ojNobles and the House of Representatives shall make appropriations in the annual bills jor the education of the people. The Minister of Public Instruction shall be responsible far the promulgation and maintenance of rules governing education, thereof. Article 34. The punishment jor murder in the first degree, shall be deemed in law to be death by hanging; the punishment jor murder in the second degree, shall be deemed in law to be twenty (20) years incarceration, but not less than eighteen (I8) years, at hard labor; the punishment jor murder in the third degree, shall be deemed in law to be fifteen (t 5) years incarceration, but not less than twelve (12) years, at hard labor; the punishment jor irrvoluntary manslaughter, shall be deemed in law to be ten (10) years incarceration, but not less than eight (8) years, at hard labor. Article 35. The punishment for treason, shall be deemed in law to be death by hanging; the punishment for sedition, shall 6e deemed in law to be duration ojlije, in solitary confinement. Article 36. The punishment jor embenlement, shall deemed in law to be eighteen (18) years incarceration, but not less than fifteen (1 S) years, at hard labor; the punishment jor fraud, shall be deemed in law to be ten (10) years incarceration, but not less than eight (8) years, at hard labor. Form of Government Article 37. The Government ojthe Kingdom is shat oja Constitutional Monarchy, under His Majesty, our King, His Heirs, and successors. Article 38. The Crown is hereby forever confirmed to His Majesty, our King, and to His heirs of His body lawfully begotten, and to their lawful descendants in direct lineage. Article 38. We the people ojthese Hawaiian islands, descendants ojthe original aboriginal people who occupied the Hawaiian Archipelago prior to /778, recognize that the crime committed on January 17`x, 1893, of the illegal overthrow ojour Kingdom and the house arrest of our Queen, Her Majesty Liliouka[ani; those perpetrators ojthis crime, the Committee of Thirteen and later the Committee ojSajety, and the United States ojAmerica having prior knowledge of the crime, did commit genocide upon our people, the Kanaka Maoli. The United States ofAmerica, through coercion from the District ojColumbia, did with premeditation, acquire territory of a neutral nation through conquest and sinister deception, driven by greed. A provisional government assumed control ojour islands, comprised ojthose very perpetrators, international criminals. The actin its self, by the United States oJAmerica, violated the Treaty of 1826, between that country and our Kingdom. Therefore, we the Kanaka Mao[i and subjects ojHawai'i Pae Aina, the Kingdom ojHawai'i, recognize that in order to form a just and lawful government, as is the customary law ojthe Kanaka Maoli, His Majesty shall ascend from the House ojNo6les. Article 39. Therefore, we the kanaka maoli and subjects oJHawai'i Pae Aina, the Kingdom ojHawai'i, on this day, before the eyes and breath ofAkua, make this declaration: "/t is hereby recognized that, in the absence ojthe King, His Majesty Kamehameha, and on His behalf, Kitionakalaionaonakealiipuiniholoheao, Ke alii o ko Hawai'i Pae Aina, shall actin His behalf. " Of the, Executive Power of the Ring turd His Prerogtttives. Article 40. The King shall continue to be the supreme Executive Magistrate ojthis Kingdom under the title ojthis Majesty. Article 41. The Crown is hereby permanently confirmed to His Majesty Kamehameha VI, during his life, and to His successor. The successor shall be the person whom the King and the House ojNo6les shall appoint and publicly proclaim as such, during the King's life; but should there be no such appointment and proclamation, then the successor shall be chosen by the House ojNo6les by ballot. Article 42. No person shall ever sit upon the throne who has been convicted ojany infamous crime, or who is insane or an idiot. No person shall ever succeed to the Crown, unless that person be a descendant of the aboriginal stock ojthe Alii's. Article 43. It shat/ not be lawful for any member ojthe royal family ojHawai'i who may by law succeed to the Throne, to contract marriage without the consent of the reigning Sovereign. Every marriage so contracted shall be void, and the person so contracting a marriage may, by the proclamation of the reigning Sovereign, be declared to have forfeited his or her right to the Throne, and after such proclamation the right ojsuccession shall vest in the next heir as though such offender were dead. Article 44. His Majesty Kamehameha VI will, and His successors upon coming to the Throne shall, take the following oath: solemnly swear in the presence ojmy creator, before the eyes and breath of HIM, to maintain the Constitution of the Kingdom in whole and inviolable, and to govern in conformity therewith, defend and protect the people and the Kingdom against aggression, maintain peace throughout the realm, and make the ultimate sacrifrce for my creator, my Kingdom, and my people, this /swear. " Article 45. The King is Commander in Chiejojthe Army and Navy, and ojall Military forces ojthe Kingdom by sea, land, and air; and has full power by Himself, or by any o~cer or off cers, He may appoint, to train and govern such forces, as He may judge best for the defense and safety ojthe Kingdam. But, He shall never proclaim war without the consent ojHis Privy Council and the House of Nobles. Article 46. The King, 6y and with the advice ojHis Privy Council, has the power to grant reprieves and pardons, after corrviction, for all o, j)'enses, except in cases ojimpeachment. Article 47. The King, is empowered with the highest court in the Kingdom and realm. His court shall be known by all persons ojthe people as the King's Court. Any matters, issues, violations, crimes, and controversies which cannot 6e resolved, nor decided by the Supreme Court of the Kingdom, nor by the lower courts, may be appealed before His Majesty; upon which His Majesty shall make consideration in accordance with the laws of the Kingdom and render His decision, it shall be just and final. Article 48. a So that, no person of the people shall be burdened, nor guilty of taking a life, the King shall be so empowered to make singular decision and pass sentence before the King's Court, and administer the death penalty. Article 49. The King, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, convenes both Houses of the Legislature at the seat ojGovernment, or at a different place, ijthat should become dangerous, from an enemy, or any dangerous disorder; and in case of disagreement between the two Houses, or between His Majesty and them, He may adjourn or prorogue them, but not beyond the session of the next year; and under any great emergency, He may convene both, or either ojthem to extraordinary sessions. Article 50. It is His Majesty's prerogative to receive and acknowledge ambassadors and other public ministers; to inform the Legislature by Royal Message, from time to time, of the state of the Kingdom, and to recommend to their consideration such measures as He shall judge necessary and expedient. Article 51. His Majesty has the power, by and with the advice ojHis Cabrnet, and the approval ojHis Privy Council, to appoint and remove at His pleasure any ojthe severaf heads ojthe Executive Departments, and He may require injonnation in writing from any of the o~cers in the Executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the duties ojtheir respective offices. Article 52. The King is held to duty, to ensure that the Treaties entered into behveen this Kingdom and the nations of the world; and to ensure that the Laws of the land are faithfully observed and executed; that justice is granted to every person ojthe people. Article 53. The King has the power from time to time to assemble His Cabrnet or Privy Councilors to advice with Him agreeably with the Constitution and Laws ojthe land. Article 54. The person of the King is inviolable and sacred; His Ministers are responsible; to the King belongs the Executive power, all laws that have passed both Houses of the Legislature, for their validity, shall tie signed by His Majesty and the Kuhina Nui; all His other official acts shall be approved by the Privy Council, countersigned by the Kuhina Nui, and by the Minister to whose Deparhnent such act may belong. Article 55. The King is Sovereign ojall the Chiefs and of all the People; the Kingdom is His. Arficle 56. All titles ojhonor, orders, and other distinctions emanate from the King. Article 57. The King coins money and regulates the currency bylaw. Article 58. The King's Standard shall be the Kahili; ojwhich the colors shall be that ojthe Kealii. Article 59. The National Ensign shall be that as now established for His Majesty. Article 60. The King, by and with the approval ojHis Cabinet and Privy Council, in case ojinvasion or rebellion, can, place the whole Kingdom and the realm, or any part ojit under martial law; and He can ever alienate it, ijindispensable to free it from the insult and oppression ojany foreign power. Article 61. The King shall be so empowered bylaw and the law of nations to issue Letter ojMarque and Reprisal. Article 62. The King cannot be sued or held to account in any court or tribunal ojthe Realm. Article 63. The King's private lands and other property are irrviolable; and in accordance with the law, these lands shall be forever willed to His heirs in direct lineage. Article 64. The King shall hold the power to grant alodial, alodio, allodial, titles in land to His subjects. Article 65. The King appoints the Nobles, who shall hold their appointments during life; however, should a Noble deter or ignores the law ojthe land, His Majesty shall be empowered to remove that Noble: and should a Noble violate the law, that Noble shall be brought before the King's Court to answer to the charges. Of the Kuhina Nui Article 66. His Majesty the King, appoints some chief ojrank and ability to be His Kuhina Nui, who shall be styled the Kuhina Nui ojHawai'i Pae Aina, and whose title shall be Highness. Article 67. The Kuhina Nui shall be the King's special Counselor in the great affairs ojthe Ktngdom. All business connected with the special interest ojthe Kingdom, which the King wishes to transact, shall be done by the Kuhina Nui under the authority ojthe King. A!! Acts, Royal Patents, Commissions, and other ojjFcial documents, duly executed by the Kuhina Nui in the name and by the consent ojthe King, agreeably with Article 54, unless specially expected by taw, shall be equally binding as ijexecuted by the King Himself. Article 68. All important business jor the Kingdom which the King chooses to transact in person, he may do, but not without the approbation of the Kuhina Nui. The King and Kuhina Nui shall have a negative on each other's public acts. Article 69. The Kuhina Nui shall have charge ojthe Great Seal ojthe Kingdom, ojthe Royal Standard, and ojthe Ensign; and in the absence ojthe King, he shall preside over the deliberations of the Privy Council. Article 70. The Kuhina Nui shall, whenever the throne become vacant by reason of the King's death, or otherwise, and during the minority ojany heir to the throne, the Kuhina Nui, jor the lime being, shall, during such vacancy ar minority, perform al! the duties incumbent on the King, and shall have and exercise all the powers, which 6y this Constitution are vested in the King. Article 71. Whenever during the vacancy of the throne, or the minority ojany heir to it, the office ojKuhina Nui shall become vacant 6y death, resignation, or otherwise, then the Privy Council, or the major part of them, shall, during such vacancy, have full power and authority to do, and execute all and every such acts, matters, and things, as the King or Kuhina Nui might or could, by virtue ojthis Constitution, do so execute. And in such case, the Privy Council, immediately after the occurring ojsuch vacancy, shall cause a meeting of both Houses of the L,egis[ature, who shall elect by joint ballot a person to Jill the office ojKuhina Nui. Of the Privy Council Article 72. There shall continue to be a Council oJState jar advising the King in the in all matters ojthe state, wherein He may require the advice of, and jor assisting Him in administering the executive affairs ojthe Government in such manner as He may direct; which council shall be called the King's Privy Council of state, and the members thereof shall be appointed by the King, to hold office during His Majesty's pleasure.. Article 73. The King's cabinet shall consist of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of the Interior, the Minister of Finance, and the Attorney Genera! of the Kingdom; and these shall be the King's special advisers in the executive a,Q"airs ojthe Kingdom; and they shall be ex-e~cio members ojthe King's Privy Council ojstate. They shall be appointed and commissioned 6y the King, and hold office during the King's pleasure, subject to impeachment. No act of the King shall have any effect unless it be countersigned by a minister, who, by that signature, makes himseljresponsible. Of the King's Ministers. Article 74. The Ministers ojthe King are appointed and commissioned by Him, and hold their oJJSces during His Majesty's pleasure, subject to impeachment. Article 75. The King's Ministers constitute His Cabinet Counctl, and, as such are His special advisers in the Executive affairs ojthe Kingdom and the realm. Article 76. Each member of the King's cabinet shall keep an office at the seat of Government, and shall be accountable jor the conduct ojdeputies and clerks responsible to them. The ministers hold seat ex- e,Qicio, as Nobles, in the Legislative assembly with the right to vote, except on a question ojwant of confidence in them. Article 77. Each member ojthe Cabinet shall make an annual report to the Legislative assembly, made up to the first ojJanuary next preceding, ojthe transactions and business ojtheir Depar[ment, within one week after the opening ojthe Legislative session. Of the Governors. Article 78. The King, by and with the advice ojHis Privy Council, appoints and commissions the Governors ojHis islands of the realm; the governors shall hold office jor Jhe term ojjour years, liable to impeachment. Article 79. The King may, with the consent ojthe Governor, appoint in one or more islands, a Lieutenant Governor, during His pleasure, to assist the Governor; however, such Lieutenant Governor shall be subordinate to the Governor and shall hold off ce jor the term of the Governor. Article 80. The Governors, may in case of illness, or unavoidable absence, in all cases where no Lieutenant Governor has been appointed, the Governor steal! the authority appoint substi[utes, jor all whose official acts they are responsible. Article 8!. The Governor, subject to the King, shall have the executive control ojtheir respective islands, agreeably with the Constitution and the taws ojthe land; and they shall have the command ojthe military forces of their respective islands; and shall make an annual report ojthe administration ojtheir respective islands to the Minister ojthe Interior. Article 82. No person shall tie appointed Governor or hold such office, who is insane or an idiot, or any person who shall have been convicted for any ojthe joltowing offenses, viz: Arson, barratry, bribery, burglary, conspiracy of a crime, counterfeiting, embezzlement, felonies, forgery, incest, kidnapping, larceny, malfeasance, man slaughter, murder, perjury, rape, robbery, sedition, sodomy, treason; ijsuch ojj'enses is proven and judged false, pardon may be granted accordingly by the King and said person may be restored to the office ojGovernor. Of the Legislative Power. Article 83. The Legislative Power of the Kingdom is vested in the King, the House of Nobles, and the House of Representatives; each ojwhom shat/ have a negative on the other. The King shall appoint the Nobles to the House, and ojthe Representatives, each shat! be elected by the persons ojthe people of whom are all subjects of the Kingdom. Aliens and foreigners are not allowed nor authorized to elect or vote or participate in the voting ofnor the campaigning ojanyRepresentative. Article 84. The Legislative Body in its entirety, shall assemble annually, for the purpose ojseeking the welfare ojthe nation, in the first week ojthe month ojApril, and at such time, and in the place that the King may judge necessary. This Body shall be styled the Legislature of the Hawaiian Islands. Arttcle 85. His Majesty, the King, grants full power and authority to said Legislature, from lime to time, to make alt manner ojwholesame laws, either with penalties or without, amend the Constitution as necessary, as they may judge to be for the welfare of the nation, and for necessary support and defense ojgood government; provided the same be not repugnant or contrary to this Constitution. Arttcle 86. No bit! or resolution, although it may have passed the Legislature, shat! become a taw, or have force as such, until it steal/ have been presented to the King, through the Kuhina Nui, for the revisal, and ijHe approve thereof, He steal! signify His approbation by signing the same. But, ijHe, the King, has any objection to the passing ojsuch bill or resolve, He shalt return it with His objections in writing to that House in which it shall have originated, said House steal! enter the objections at large or their journal, and no such bill or resolution shall be brought forward thereafter during the same session. Article 87. Each House ojthe Legislature shall be the judge ojthe qualtjications oflts own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a small number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance ojabsent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide. Article 88. Each House of the Legislature shall choose its own ojJScers, and determine the rules of its own proceedings. Article 89. Each House ojthe Legislature shall have authority to punish by imprisonment, not exceeding thirty (30) days, every person, not a member, who shall be guilty ojdisrespect to the House, by any disorderly or contemptuous behavior in its presence; or who during the time of its sitting, shall threaten harm to the body or estate of any ojits members, jor any thing said or done in fhe House, or who shall assault any of them therefore, or who shall assault or arrest any witness or other person ordered to attend the House, in going or returning; or who shall rescue any person arrested by order of the House. Article 90. Each House of the Legislature may punish its own members jor disorderly behavior. Article 91. Each House of the Legislature shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and the yeas and nays of the members on any question, shall, at the desire of one jijlh ojthose present, be entered on the journal. Article 92. The members of either House shall in al! cases, except treason, felony or breech of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session ojtheir respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same, and they shall not be held to answer for any speech, or debate made in the House, in any other court or place whatsoever. Article 93. The members of the House ojRepresentatives shall receive for their services a compensation to be ascertained by law and paid out ojthe public treasury, but no increase ojcompensation shall take effect during the year in which it shall have been made; and no law shall be passed, increasing the compensation ofsaid members beyond the sum ojtwo hundred ten (210) dollars and twelve (12) cents per day. Article 94. The members ojthe House ojNobles sit without pay; but they may receive hereafter such a compensation for [rave! to and from assembly at the Legislature, as the faw may enact. Of the House of Nobles. Article 95. The members of the House of Nobles shall be ojKanaka Maoli origin. No person of the people not of Kanaiw Maoli origin shall be herein and forever be allowed, nor granted privilege to hold such seat in said House. No alien or foreigner ofother origin shall be granted privilege to seat, nor participate in the House of Nobles. This article shall stand herein and forever as the original intent. Article 96. The King appoints the members ojthe House ojNobles, who hold their seats during life, subject to the Constitution and the law of this Kingdom and realm. Any Noble who is at variance with the given sentiments, shall be deposed in entirety. Article 97. The members ojthe House ojNobles are and shall always be Chiefs; in accordance with the customary and traditional laws of the kanaka maoli, said Chiefs shat! be ojthe most direct lineage to the kealii and the kelii; said Chiefs are by law the landed property owners by blood heir ojthe alodio title holder and owner, and descendants ojthe five high chiefs. Article 98. The number of which the Nobles shall hold in the House, will not exceed twenty jour (14); and said Nobles shall, in accordance with the Mahele oj1848 and the law ojthe land, as granted and given by His Majesty Kamehameha /17, 6e fully and purely responsible ojtheir land property and the vested interest of others. Article 99. Na person of the blood, shat! be eligible to a seat in the House of Nobles, who shall not have attained the age ojtwenty-one (21) years and bodily resided in the Kingdom jorfive years. Article 100. The House of Nab[es shall be a Court with full and sole authority to hear and determine all impeachment's made by the House ojRepresentatives, against any officer or ofJFcers or ministers ojthe Kingdom, for misconduct and mat-administration of their offices; buJ previous to the trial of every impeachment, the Nobles shall respectively be sworn truly and impartially to try and determine the charge in question, according to evidence and law. Their judgment, however, shall not extend further than to removal from office and disqualification to hold or enjoy any place ajhonor, trust, or profit under this government; but the party so convicted shall be, nevertheless, liable to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to the laws of the land. No Minister ojthe King's Cabinet shall sit as a Noble on the trial ojany impeachment. Of the House of Representatives. Article 101. The representation of the persons ojthe people shall be based upon the principle ojequality and justice; and shall be regulated and apportioned by the number of them, by the Legislature according to the popu/anon to be ascertained, from time to time, by the official census. The representatives shall not be less in number than twenty-jour (24), nor more than forty-eight (48), who shall be elected triennially; and such election ofrepresentatives shall be accomplished in the first week ojthe month ojFebruary. Article 102. The representation ojthe persons ojthe people shall be made clear and understood agreeably with the sentiments of this Constitution and the law ojthe Kingdom. Representation is herein and forever granted to the subjects ojthis Kingdom, ojnative hawai Yan birth and origin, not however to aliens and foreigners not ojthis Kingdom. In order to ensure that corruption is null and void His Majesty shall be held to the law, ensuring that this article remains pure. No Noble shall be granted the privilege ojrepresentation of the people, nor will it be allowed that any and all kin to a Noble shall enjoy this privilege. This understanding shall stand forever as original intent; no legislation, law, or resolution shall tie enacted , nor promulgated to preclude or abrogate this article. Article 103. No person shall be eligible as Representative of the people, who is insane, or an idiot, or who shall at any time have been conrvicted of any infamous crime, nor unless they. be made a subject..of the Kingdom, who shall have arrived at the full age ojtwenty-five years, who shall know how to read and write, who shall understand accounts, and who shall have resided in the Kingdom for at feast five years immediately preceding such election. Article 104. Every subject ojthis Majesty, whether native or naturalized, who shall have paid their taxes, who shalt have attained the full age ojtwenty-one (21) years, and who shall have resided in the Kingdom for two years immediately preceding the time ojelection, shall be entitled to one vote for the representative or representatives, ojthe district in which they may reside; provided that no insane person, nor any person who shall at any time have been convicted of any infamous crime, within this Kingdom, unless they shat! have been pardoned by the King, and by the terms ojsuch pardon been restored to all rights oja subject, shall be allowed to vote. Article 105. All bills or resolves jor raising the revenues, or calling jor any expenditure ojthe public money, shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the House of Nobles may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Article 106. The House of Representatives shall be the grand inquest of the Kingdom and realm; and all impeachment's made by them shall be heard and fried by the House of Nobles. Of the Judiciary. Article 107. The Judicial Power ojthe Kingdom and realm shall be vested in His Majesty the King, one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Legislature may from lime to time establish. Article 108. The Supreme Court shall consist oja ChiejJustice and four (4) associate Justices, any of whom may hold their ojlices jor lije and on good behavior, subject to removal upon impeachment; and shall be entitled to compensation jor services not less than two hundred forty-one (241) dollars and seventeen (17) cents per day, which shall not diminish during their continuance in office. Provided, however, that any judge ojthe Supreme Court, or ojany other Court ojRecord, may be removed from office jor mental or physical inability by a concurrent resolution ojnvo-thirds (2/3) ojboth branches ojLegisfature. The judge against whom the Legislature such removal is sought, shall be given due notice ojsuch removal thirty (30) days before the day on which either branch ojthe Legislature shall act thereon. Article 109. The Kingdom shall be divided, by law, into a convenient number of circuits, not less than (4), nor exceeding thirty (8), subject to alteration by the Legislature, from time to .time, as the public good may require; jor each ojwhich one or more Circuit Judges, not exceeding three, however, shall be appointed to hold their offrces during good behavior, subject to removal upon impeachment. Article 110. The Judicial Power shall extend to all cases in Law and Equity, arising under the Constitution, any Jaw of this Kingdom, and Treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority; to all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public ministers and Consuls, and to all cases of Admiralty and maritime jurisdiction. Article /11. The ChiejJustice ojthe Supreme Court shall be the Chancellor ojthe Kingdom; and shall be ex-officio President ojlhe House ojNobles in all cases ojimpeachment, unless when charged with impeachment; and exercise such jurisdiction in equity or other cases as the law may confer upon the Chief Justice, and such decisions being subject, however, to the revision of the Supreme Court, on appeal. Article 112. The decisions of the Supreme Court, when made by a majority ojthe Justices thereof, shall be final and conclusive upon all parties, subject only to appeal before the King's Court. Article 113. The King, His Ministers, the Governors, and each branch of the Legislature shall have authority to require the opinions of the Justices of the Supreme Court, upon important questions of law, and upon solemn occasions. Article 114. The King, by and with the advice ojHis Privy Council, appoints the Justices of the Supreme Court, and al/other Judges ojCourts ojRecord; their salaries are fixed by faw. Article 115. The Governors, by and with the advice ojthe Justices ojthe Supreme Court, shall appoint the District Justices ojtheir respective islands. Article 116. No Judge or Magistrate shall sit on an appeal or new trial, in any case on which said Judge or Magistrate has given a previous judgment. Article 117. It shall be the duty of the Chief Justice to make an annual report, through the Minister ojthe Interior, to the Legislature, ojthe state of the Judiciary ojthe Kingdom to all its branches. Article 118. The King, upon approving this Constitution, shall take the following oath: "I solemnly swear, before the eyes and breath ojthe creator, to maintain and defend the Constitution of the Kingdom whole and inviolate, and to govern in conformity with it and the laws of this Kingdom. " Article 119. The Kuhina Nui sha/1 take the oath; and when exercising the Executive Power, during a minority, he shall take the following oath: solemnly swear, in the presence of the creator, to preserve the rights ojthe Heir to the Crown, and the Constitution whole and inviolate, and to govern in conformity with it and the /aws ojthis Kingdom. " Article 120. Each member of the House ojNobles shall take the following oath: "I solemnly swear in the presence ojthe creator, that 1 will loyally support and defend the Constitution and Laws ojthe Kawai'ian Islands, and conscientiously and impartially discharge my duty as a member ojthis House, and furthermore, as Noble, Chief, and Kanaka Maoli I will hold sacred my duty to all of the people. " Article 121. Every member ojthe House of Representatives shall take the following oath. "I most solemnly swear in the presence of the creator, that I will faithfully support and defend the Constitution and Laws ojthe Hawaiian Islands and conscientiously and impartially discharge my duties, as a Representative of the people. " General Provisions. Article 122. The following historical facts shall herein and forever be an intrinsic part of this Constitution in order that the future ojthis Kingdom shall have a clear and defined understanding of the Kingdom and realm: We, the kanaka maoli, descendants of the original aboriginal inhabitants ojthese islands, the Hawai ion Archipelago, through bio-regional linguistic kinship, by way ojthe Kumu Lipo, trace our beginning to the creator. Prior to the arrival ojCaptain James Cook, we established through necessity, a government of the Kingdom, established through civil stnje by His Majesty Kamehameha the Great. It was through Him, that injustices and idol worship were done away with and peace and order brought to our people. The advent ojthe arrival of the white man brought to this Kingdom and our people, ailments not only of the body, but also ojthe spirit. They brought with them greed of unimaginable proportion with the intent to destroy our people in whole and in part. The clandestine and sinister deception ojinsurgents in the guise of missionaries, sent here with the determination (o steal our lands and islands, acquisition of territory through conquest, in order to hold hostage the trade between the orient and the United States of America. These missionaries systematically and methodically destroyed the culture, tradition, and heritage of our people. We are a people struggling to hold onto remnants ojour identity, as a people, and yet with much aloha. In 1845, the United States Congress and its President, possessed prior knowledge of the intent to acquire Hawai7 through whatever means possible, and the American government agreed with the plan to commit genocide. A book entiNed, "The Sandwich Islands," wrinen by A Hao%, published and posted in the Library ojCongress ojthe United States ojAmerica, thirty-nine years prior to January 17, 1893, gave the ground works for this pre-meditated act ojgenocide. On January 4, 1854, Mr. Washburn, ojMaine, in the House ojRepresentatives, in Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union, on the motion to refer the Presidents annual message to the appropriate committee, United States ojAmerica, opened his address to the House with the following phrase: 'MR. CIiA/KHAN: I have taken this opportunity to express some opinions which I have formed in reference to a question of considerable magnitude and increasing interest, now engaging the attention of the American people, and which must, in the progress of opinions and events, become, at no distant period, a practical question for the Sandwich Islands to the United States. The interest ojthe state, which I in part represent upon this floor-the largest ship building, and one ojthe most important commercial states in the Union-in this question, must 1 plead my excuse, if any be necessary, for occupying a portion ojyour time this morning in its consideration. With doctrines of "manifest" destiny in the raw and rampant forms in which they have been advocated so frequently of late, I trust I need not say I have but little sympathy There is a school ojstatesman, or politicians, in this country, which teaches in effect, ij not in words, that the time has come in our history when our chief business as a nation is territorial expansion-when, to borrow the current phrase, it is our special "mission" to overrun and annex, with little or no regard to lime, manner, or circumstances, whatever territories or possessions of other nations we may have the wish and the power to grasp. " The prevailing philosophy ojthe opulent is that of, "Manifest destiny- the goods the gods provide us, " is still joyfully with much jocularity, excepted as the idiom ojAmerican government and American society. These missionaries underwent a metamorphous, from missionaries to philanthropist, to landed property holders, to the Committee ojThirteen, to the Committee of Safety, to the Provisional Government, and finally to the dejacto State of Hawaii. On January 17, 1893, these missionaries illegally took over our Kingdom with the aid of the American government and its military forces. Our Queen, Her Majesty Lilioukalani was placed under house arrest and the so called Committee ojSajety formed a militia of riflemen, to suppress dissension to the point of murder. The Provisional Government took control and the missionaries methodically stole the lands from our people, as we knelt to give praise and glory to our creator. In 1959, the act ojgenocide took the appearance ojlawful government through an.illegal vote performed by tourist and American military personnel stationed in Hawaii. A token number. of native Hawaiians were allowed to participate in order to give the appearance ojappropriateness. However, in its inception it lacked the lawful right ojratification as a full state to join the United States ojAmerica. The now State ojHawaii, a dejacto government, born out ojgreed 6y the opulence of the American people has held this Kingdom the rightful and lawful government in dejorcement. Many of our own people are duped and braimvashed in excepting this crime and yet, many have willing embraced this crime for want ojselfgain to acquire prominence and opulence, conspirators of the crime of genocide. And still, the crime is but a deception to hide the truth. The truth is this, from the creation ojlife, the battle between good and evil, that intricacy ojthe universal balance, from the first written records of humanity, these two forces have plagued this Kingdom and the world. During the time ojChrist, evil corrupted Christianity and became a tool to foster this evil. The birth ojmerchants, crushed the mighty Roman Empire and took control ojwestern Europe. Merchants became bankers and the very beginning ojthe American government~rchestrated by bankers. During the American civil war, daily victories and tragedies were al! determined by bankers and the stroke of a pen. Every war, every conflict in the history ojman, occurred over economics. Religion and politics are simply convenient excuses jor these bankers to maintain their satanic control over us. In the Great Depression of the 1930's, Mr. Rockefeller, crashed the stock market and bankrupted the United States National Treasury, 6y simply cashing in his stock holdings and demanding payment. Hence, the beginning of the national debt. The United States was placed into collateral, the bankers created the Federal Reserve Bank, a civilian corporation, owned by Mr. Rockefeller, The Federal Reserve Bank is the lender of the revolving credit, but the collecting agency jor the debt, is the Internal Revenue Service, another civilian corporation created by the bankers. Our Kingdom had to tie taken or stolen at all cost and by any means. In order for the bankers to acquire domination of the world, their ultimate goal, control ojthe transportation routes between the orient and the west coast ojthe United States had to be dominated. The land in Hawaii is a convenience jor the bankers, a too! used to maintain control ajthe people. The banks philosophy is simple, own the land and you own the water and everything on it, including the people. There is a term that these bankers use to discern our people, that term is `goyim" or simply stated, we are considered "human cattle, " to be bought and sold. A commodity of human beings, or perhaps, a commodity ojhuman cattle. The land is simply used as a means to create burden, it can be sold and bought over and over, and the price of it never decreases, along with the taxes jor the privilege ojpossessing it. The outcome of their plan to acquire ultimate dominance, is to create a cashless society, totally dependent on credit But, the price ojthis convenience is the mark ojthe beast, in the form of the UPC, the Universal Product Code. As these words are being written, every human being in the United States, every man, woman, and child already has a UPC issued to them. It is simply a matter ojjorcing the acceptance of it. The force by which the UPC will be accepted will come in the form ojan "economic gun" held to the head or maybe more correctly, to the stomach. Hold back and deprive food and water, and humans will rampage, until the spirit is broken, the mark accepted in return for food and water The scenario is the same, as it was jor the Roman Legions, too jar from Rome, and the supplies and logistics needed to sustain the army. The bankers have now created the World Bank, and its lending agency is the IMF, or the /nternational Monetary Fund, and its collection agency is the United Nations. World domination is their goal. And sd/l, that is not the truth. The altimate truth is that the bankers, devout followers ojSatan, or Lucifer, are preparing the world jor the anti-Christ. Article 123. Let it tie known to all persons of the people ojthe world, the true Kingdom ojthe Kanaka Maoli is the love of the creator, Akua. HIS Kingdom is first and tact, our love of KIM is and shall always be eternal. By HIS grace and love, HE bestowed this Kingdom ojKawai7 upon the Kanaka Maolt; and it is our responsibility to HIM, to care jor this land, jor this land truly is HIS. Article 124. Be it known and understood, that from His Majesty Kamehameha the Great and to His Majesty Kamehameha III, they possessed the wisdom and insight, that the white man came to steal the land. By their grace, our lands are protected not only by law, but also by our creator. The division ojlands is and always shall be in the following manner: (a) Government Lands; (h) Crown Lands; and , (c) Private Lands. In accordance with the prevailing laws ojthis Kingdom, oil lands issued under the Mahele of 1848, as alodio titles, shall and always will be absolute. Government lands so designated, may be sold as fee simple, these are considered public lands. Crown lands belong to the heirs ojthe Crown and shall forever be so, unless such heir chooses otherwise. This is the original intent. Article 125. A/I lands held in alodio, may tie sold in the following manner. In accordance with the law, alodio titled lands may only be sold to the Kingdom and no other. A subject desiring to sell such titled land shall petition the King, at such point, the King by and with the advice of the Privy Council shat! make determination ojsuch petition. Upon agreement from the King and the Privy Council, that subject shall cede said alodio titled land to the Kingdom and shall receive fair compensation for said land. Upon receipt ojthe titled land, it shall be made available for re-issuance as an alodio titled land in accordance with the law ojthe Kingdom. Any subject who sells such titled land or the vested interest of such land, shall be, in accordance with the law, charged with treason. Any subject who conspires to such act shall also be charged with the same. This is the original intent ojthis Majesty, in harmony with the sentiments ojAkua. Article 126. Government lands so determined, may be sold, upon petition to the King and by and with the consent of the Priry Council, such petition shall be prepared and presented to the Joint Legislature for vote, and shall receive approval upon two thirds (2/3) majority. Prior to the sale of such land, the Minister of Finance shall prepare an economic status and forecast ojsaid land and present it to the Minister ojthe Interior for presentment with the petition before the King and the Privy Council. Article 127. In accordance with the law of the Kingdom, aliens and foreigners are not allowed and prohibited from acquiring alodio titled lands, and with no regard to such persons bound in marriage to a subject holding alodio titled land. However, the children of such marriage shall as in accordance with the law, hold vested interest in such titled land Article 128. In accordance with the law ojthe Kingdom, alodio titled land may be leased, for a period not to exceed hvo (2) years and only upon petition 6ejore the King, by and with the consent of the Privy Council, and made record of such lease. Article 129. In accordance with the taw of the Kingdom, His Majesty the King, by and with the consent of the Privy Council, shat! issue any lease beyond hva (2) years, but shall not exceed,8jty (50) years. Article 130. All native hawai'ians who so choose to be a subject ojthis Kingdom, shall by law, 6e entitled to /and derived from Government lands, and issued under the distinction ojalodio. Such lands shall be no less than one fourth (1/4J acre, but shall not exceed one half (1/1) acre. Said lands derive, shall be designated for residential and no other purpose. Article 131. All persons of the people, kanaka maoli, native born, and aliens desiring to become subjects of this Kingdom shall, in accordance with the law, shall petltlon the Kingdom; said petition shall be made to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, who shall present it to the Minister ojthe Interior; upon which ijconsent is granted, all persons shall be bound by an oath ojallegiance and swear their loyalty to the King and the Kingdom. Article 132. No person of the people shall ever hold a seat in the Legislature, or any ojjSce ojhonor, trust, or profit under the Government of the Hawaiian Islands, wha shall in due course of law, have been corrvicted of theft, bribery, perjury, forgery, embezzlement, or other high crime or misdemeanor. Article 133. No ojJScer ojthis Government shall hold any office, or receive any pension or salary, from any other government, or power whatever. Article 134. The Legislature votes the appropriations for the year, after due consideration of the revenue and expenditure ojthe year preceding, and ojthe estimates ojthe revenue and expenditure for the current year, which shall be submitted to them by the Minister ojFinance; all which accounts shall be appended to the Bill ojAppropriations and published annually. Article 135. The enacting style in making and passing all Acts and Laws, shall be: "Be it enacted by the King, the Nobles and the Representatives ojthe Hawaiian Islands in Legislative Council assembled. " Article 136. In harmony with the sentlments and the laws ojthis Kingdom, it shall be improper to intermix in one and the same Act such things as have no proper relation to each other, every law shall embrace but one object, and that shall be expressed in the title. Article 137. All laws now in force in this Kingdom, shall continue and remain in full effect, until altered or repealed by the Legislature; such parts only excepted as are repugnant to this Constitution. All laws now enacted, or that may hereafter be enacted, contrary to this Constitution, shall be null and void. Article 138. In accordance with the sen(iments ojthts Constitution and in the spirit of the original intent ojthe laws of this Kingdom, consideration shall be granted upon the acceptance and signing of this Constitution, whereby a moratorium of three months shall be given, in order to properly make known this Constitution. Upon the terminafion ojthe moratorium, any person takes the oath ojallegiance and becomes a subject, and is made known that said person is in violation ojthe Laws ojthe Kingdom, shall beheld accountable. Article 139. It shall be in the power ojKilionakalaionaonakealiipuiniholoheao, Ke alii o ko Hawai'i Pae Aina, in the absence of the King, His majesty Kamehameha, to act on His behalf, and accountable thereof, to make such decisions as necessary, in concordance with this Constitution and the Laws of this Kingdom, the power to declare a state of emergency and place the Kingdom under marshal law. Article 140. The history ojmankind is marked with despicable greed and the lust for power, our beloved Kingdom and realm is not unscaved, therefor, all debts, all agreements, al! contracts whether express or implied, all unrevealed benefits of any contract or agreement, and all treaties, signed, agreed, performed, in abeyance ojperjormance, granted or other wise, made by the dejacto State ojHawaii, shall and is the sole and pure property ojthe defacto State ojHawaif and the United States ojAmerica, to include alJ conspirators, agents, officers of, and representa[rves of, shall be held accountable for such improper and illegal acts performed within the territorial boundaries of this Kingdom. Parties, governments, corporations, individuals, desiring reparation or recuperation for such acts shall make claim with the dejacto State ojHawaii and the United States ojAmerica. This Kingdom cannot, is not, and shall not be held liable for such illegal acts committed by fraudulent and criminal entities. Article 141. TTris Constitution shall be in juJl force from the signing of this Constitution; but that there may be no failure oJjus[ice, or danger to the Kingdom, from any change, all officers of this Kingdom, at the time this Constitution shall take effect, shall have, hold, and exercise all the powers to them granted, until other persons shall be appointed in their stead; and all courts of the law shall proceed in the execution of the business of their respective departments; and all executive and legislative officers, bodies and powers, shat! continue in juU force, in the enjoyment and exercise of their trusts, employment's and authority, until new appointments or elections shall take place under this Constitution. Mode of Amending the Constitution. Article 142. Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in either branch of the Legislature, and ij the same shall be agreed to by a majority of the members of each House, such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals, with the yeas and nays taken thereon, and referred to the next Legislature; which proposed amendment or amendments shall be published for three months previous to the election of the next House ojRepresentatives; and if, in the next Legislature, such proposed amendment or amendments, shall 6e agreed to by two thirds (2/3) of all the members of each house, and be approved by the King, such amendment or amendments shall become part of the Constitution ojthis Kingdom. pp JE ~ ~ On this/,~ayof , 19 Kilion'/a/k/alai/o/na~aliipuiniholoheao Ke alii o ko Hawai'i Pae Aina We, the subjects of this Kingdom, before the eyes and breath of our creator, unhindered and clear of mind, on this day, set our seal upon this Constitution and shall abide in harmony with the same. Keokinamauulii Kukeliikoa Punaheleluhiau Leilani (Darlene Leilani Luhiau-Badua) Nato (Kenneth Wayne Badua)