HomeMy WebLinkAboutDraft Archeological Inventory Survey - Pahala WWTP and Sewer System
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P.O. Box 1114
Kailua, Hawai‘i 96734 Ph.: (808) 262-9972 Fax: (808) 262-4950
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i Office
399 Hualani St. #124
Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 Ph.: (808) 965-6478 Fax: (808) 965-6582
Draft
Archaeological Inventory Survey for the
, P P Ahupua‘a,
-6-
9-6-
-of-
,
, B.A., Hallett
Kailua, Hawai‘i
HIONA )
2019
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Management Summary
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
i
Archaeological Inventory Survey
Plant and Sewer System Project, Hionamoa
2 , TMKs: [3] 9 -6-
-6-, and Coun -of-Ways (Bautista et al. )
Date March 9
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc. (CSH) Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
CSH
under archaeological s - -07, issued
Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) §-
Uni
rivate (Kamehameha Schools, Olson Trust)
County of Hawai‘i
EPA (EPA Grant XP--6); State Revolving Fund
miles . The
Hionamoa2 the
and Pa hala U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) 7.5-quadrangle.
ollection system is
located on county -(TMK: [3] 9-6-)
Kamehameha Schools and under lease to Royal Hawaiian Orchards.
Area of Potential
Acreage
57.7 acres ( hectares) hala Town,
rea is a 29.3-acre () area within the APE.
A.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Management Summary
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
ii
The APE includes the following:
-acre WWTP) site, within -related staging, including for the collection
2. -foot (ft) long by 25 -ft wide utility
MK: [3] 9-
6-utilities to the WWTP;
3.
the 22- -ft wide travel surface of select county streets;
Sewer line easements of similar width (22-) through TMKs:
[3] 9-6-005:036 and lection lines to the hala WWTP site;
5. (located in TMKs: [3] 9-6-
002:9-6-
--ft) long --ft) wide corridor along the
line easement in TMK: [3] 9-6- between ; and
6. Numerous single-family residential/other with
ed/rehabilitated by the County.
roject a –-
6-
located along the county streets selected for new sewer collection lines
(Item 6).
This AIS ederal and
legislation. f ederal (EPA) funding, this ederal
Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA). As a county both ounty
landsalso subject to Hawai‘i State environmental and
Hawai‘i Revised Statutes
[HRS] -§-
archaeological inventory survey
(AIS) investigation fulfills the requirements of HAR §-276 and the
Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Archaeology and Historic
Preservation
National Register of Historic Places (National Register) and Hawai‘i Register of Historic Places (Hawai‘i Register) eligibility
recommendations for any
-
ounty agencies and
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Management Summary
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
iii
interested Native Hawaiian Organizations (NHOs) and community
.
Pacif
-acre TMK: [3] 9-6-
conducted
The area at t
t in this corner . No surface archaeological
features were documented by
artifacts, including a single discoidal hammerstone and fragmental
. recommended cons
avoid the lava tube located in the southeastern corner of
TMK: [3] 9-6-
-
275-3 B)
CSH on 22 Feba
following:
round disturbance, with subsurface testing;
-6-
ateral installations along
the c
subsurface testing but should be evaluated for any relation to a
designation.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Management Summary
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
iv
The items outlined above, and a more detailed summary of the
subsurface testing schema, we ounty formal written
; additional materials were
subsequently B).
a §6E-
C).
CSH on
of
().
CSH archaeologists Olivier
conducted f , –, and
-days to
C
Section NHPAcommunity, agency, and Native Hawaiian Organizations has been
current investigation will be utilized in these ongoing efforts. To date,
significance area.
State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP) #s 50-
0-69- is the historic Wood Valley Road/Coastal Road corridor, and SIHP # 50--69- is the historic Volcano Road corridor. They are both assessed as significant under Criterion d for yielding
within the
ies
only maintain integrity of location of the old corridor.
SIHP # s - and - are assessed as significant under Criterion -275-6 for the information they have yielded about the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
(SIHP # 50--69-) and Volcano Road (SIHP # 50--69-)
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Management Summary
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
v
--275-
#s 50--69- and -within
of location as all of the constructed elements of the original Wood
Valley/Coastal road and Volcano road are no longer evident today.
archaeological monitoring during construction for identification and/or
-0-69-
a lava tube system (SIHP # 50--69-27570) with some cultural
modifications beneath Pahala town;
--69-07522), a National Register-
---
Register-
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
vi
............................................................................................................ i
Section 1 ............................................................................................................. 1
ground .......................................................................................................................
............................................... Environmental Setting ................................................................................................................... 9
Environment............................................................................................................... 9 .................................................................................................................
Section 2 .................................................................................................................. 13
Field Methods ..............................................................................................................................
vey ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
Research Methods ........................................................................................................................ Consultation Methods ..................................................................................................................
Section 3 ........................................................................................... 15
........................................................................................ .............................................................................................................
Historic Period ............................................................................................................
......................................................................................... - ................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... 25 e ....................................................................................................... 29 Previous Archaeological Research .............................................................................................. 33
.......................................................................................... 33
National Register- .................................................... ............................................................................
............................................................................................................ ground Summary and Predictive Model ..............................................................................
Section 4 .............................................................................................. 42
......................................................................................................
Subsurface Testing Results .......................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................... 60 ...................................................................................................... 60 ...................................................................................................... 60
...................................................................................................... 60 ...................................................................................................... 60
......................................................................................................
Section 5 ............................................................................. 74
SIHP # 50--69- ............................................................................................................... SIHP # 50--69- ............................................................................................................... 77
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
vii
Section 6 Si .............................................. 78
Significance Assessments under HRS §6E .................................................................................. .............................................
Section 7 ............................................................................... 80
Section 8 ............................................... 81
Project Effect ...............................................................................................................................
Mitigation Recommendations ......................................................................................................
Section 9 .................................................................................................... 82
..................................................................................... 86
................................................ 88
................................................................................... 102
...................................................................................... 104
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
viii
-showing the
...................................................................................................2
-6-
(Haw ..............................................................................................3 Figure 3. TMK: [3] 9-6-
.......................................................................................................................
.............................................5
................................6 -
through TMK: [3] 9-6- ............................................................7
Figure 7. Overlay of Soil Survey of the State of Hawaii
....................................
--Government Tracts, railroad ...............................................................................................................................20
.............................23
.......................................................
......................26
.........................................................................................................................27 -
vicinity ...............................................................................................................................
-
...........................................................30
...............................
...........................................32
-ject area ....................................35
-
locations of sites documented in
.........................................................................................................................36
nd site locations (Escott .............................................................................................................................
--
(Esc
...................................................................39
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
..........................................................................................
Figu-6-
............................
-6-
........................................................................
northern end of the easement in TMK: [3] 9-6-005:036; view to northwest .....................
Figure 25. Photo showing the location where the easement in TMK: [3] 9-6-
Ilima Street culvert is beneath the grass to the left of the road; view to southwest ....................
.....................................................................................................
view to northwest ............................................................................................................... Fi
northwest ............................................................................................................................
.......
................
to northeast .........................................................................................................................
Figure 32. Photo
visible to the right; view to north .......................................................................................50
Figure 33. Photo
...........................................................................50
.
.........................................................
between the trees; view to southwest .................................................................................52
mauka boundary of the
.................................52
..................................................53
bisecting the macadamia orchard; view to southwest ........................................................53
within TMK: [3] 9-6- .............................................................55
makai
sewer easement within TMK: [3] 9-6- ..........................................55
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
..................................................................................................................................56
...............................57
est .....................................
...............................................................................59
.
................................................... southwest sidewall .........................................................62
.63
...........................................................63
...........................................................
.......65 ..................................................65
.........................................................66
67
Figure 57. Photo of TE 5 southwest sidewall; view to south.........................................................67
......................................................... 69
Figure 60. Photo of TE 6 southeast sidewall; view to southeast ...................................................69
..........................................................70
72
Figure 63. Photo of TE 7 south sidewall; view to southeast ..........................................................72 ..........................................................73
-minute
roadways ............................................................................................................................75
- .........................76
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
..................................
..........................................................................................59
..........................................................................................62
.......................................................................................... ..........................................................................................66
..........................................................................................
Table 7. TE 6 ..........................................................................................70
TE 7 ..........................................................................................73
................................................................
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 1
At the request of
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc.
(CSH) has archaeological inventory survey r (AISR) for the
Treatment Plant and Sewer
-6-002:-6-t-of-Ways. area is located within a larger Area of
Potential Effect (APE)
Pahala U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute t quadrangle (Figure ),
s (Figure 2 and Figure 3), and a Figure ).
The
collection system is located on c
-(TMK: [3] 9-6-near the
intersection.
lot in the southeastern corner outside the limits of
APE .
7 acres (2 hala T
area is a 29.3- hectares) area within the APE (Figure 5).
A. The APE includes the following:
--related
be located (Figure 6); 2. -foot (ft) long by 25-
located entirely within TMK: [3] 9-6-
other utilities to the WWTP (see Figure 6);
3. - -ft wide
travel surface of select county streets; Sewer line easements of similar width (22--6-005:036 and
5. -6-9-6-
----ft) wide corridor
line easement in TMK: [3] 9-6-
6. Numerous single-family residential/some
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
2
Figure . -wing the
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
3
Figure 2. [3] 9 -6-05 showing the (Hawai‘i TMK Service )
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa i
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure 3. TMK: [3] 9-6-02 showing the Service
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
5
Figure )
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
6
Figure 5
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
7
Figure 6. Preliminary -acre TMK: [3] 9-6-client)
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
–5 9-6-. It also does not include the numerous
ounty streets selected for new sewer collection lines (Item 6).
-inch diameter lines with the others
, the sewer laterals connecting the
eventually connect, the owners
nd Hawai‘i State
Act (NHPA) and the National Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA). As a county
Revised Statutes [HRS] §-Hawai‘i Administrative Rules [HAR] -275,
In consultation with the ), this AIS investigation
-276 and the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for
Archaeology and Historic Preservation
National Register of Historic Places (National Register) and Hawai‘i Register of Historic Places (Hawai‘i Register) eligibility recommendations for any cultural
- consultation with
such as State and County agencies and interested Native Hawaiian Organizations
Pacif-acre TMK: [3] 9-6-
tment of Environmental
Management ()
outside the
int to avoid the lava tube located in the southeastern
corner of TMK: [3] 9-6-
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
9
-275-3 . The Cleghorn
the following:
with subsurface testing;
-6-ateral installations along the c would not require subsurface testing but should be evaluated for any relation to a
The items outlined above, and a more detailed summary of the subsurface testing schema, were
; additional materials were subsequently
in a §6E-
.
equirements (.
1.3.1
is situated –305 m (590– ft) above
mean sea own vicinity receives an annual average rainfall of 52 inches
ve is located makai
Vegetation within the sts of a macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia)
orchard with N (Araucaria heterophylla) The terrain in
and areas of grasses residential yards line the sides of the County roadways own.
(hills, cinder cones)
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
of soils from the Waiaha and Naalehu series (Figure 7). The northern half
and the southeastern corner is Waiaha silt loam,
2 -
(NaC) and - (see Figure 7).
Waiaha soils are described as
shallow, well-drained silt loams that formed in volcanic ash. These soils are nearly
bermudagrass. . .
-
Naalehu soils are described as
well-drained silty clay loams that formed in volcanic ash. These soils are nearly
1.3.2
State Inventory of Historic Places [SIHP] # 50---), to the
north by additiona
mauka-makai ect area. An
used to access the orchard. An earthen ditch is situated between this road and Maile Street,
designed to channel run-
ing a row of trees forming additional wind-
Kamani Street, and Puahala Street (see Figure
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure 7. Overlay of Soil Survey of the State of Hawaii (Sato
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Introduction
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
side of Maile Street ou
-6-00
eastern section of ‘Ilima Street at TMK: [3] 9-6-005:036. The
/Though
this ov
southeast into TMK: [3] 9-6-sewer line runs through the macadamia nut orchard,
in TMK [3] 9-6-
-
TMK [3] 9-6-
own was designated SIHP # 50--69-
listed
has never been evaluated for eligibility for listing on these registers. CSH was unable to locate any SIHP # -07362.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Methods
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 2
inventory survey under
-5-
2 by CSH
and on -
- In general,
area, GPS data collection, and
subsurface testing.
2.1.1
-
2- .
e determination of its boundary was based
-made features.
2.1.2
the AIS
culturally modified lava tubes.
on consultation with SH The subsurf consisted of
–
to avoid trees, roots, and irrigation lines. In general, the seven linear trenches measured
5 m (20 ft) long and m (3.2 ft), and
any inclusions, such as cultural material and/or
d other general observations. W ere
to be carefully
No studies were unnecessary.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Methods
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
the
Archives
Archives
he CSH library were also consulted. In addition,
database (Waihona ‘Aina 2000).
the
cultural resources
C
and Native Hawaiian Organizations has been initiated and is ongoing b
The results of the current investigation will be utilized in these ongoing efforts. No historic
(Criterion earea.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 und Research
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 3
3.1.1
over 600,000 acres and nearly 30
sea). The , including (from west to
east) Hionamoa, and 2 -
was not found.
Traditional accounts concerning the area
-Contact settlement in the vicinity. -era settlement that formed around a
of cultivation hala tree (Pandanus
tectorius).
this inland regions for agriculture: Handy and Handy kula ) lands
country in the Hawaiian Islands
Given its geological and climatic ity, i
bilities of the (chiefly class), and
of the treatment meted out to those
was called The Weir
Ruling Chiefs of Hawai‘iunification of the island of Hawai‘i under ‘Umi-a-
I-mai--lani was the chief of Ka-u. He was blind, but noted for his strength and
. . . ‘Umi-
a--mai--lani. . . After I-mai--lani became blind the fight between
him and ‘Umi continued . . . After I-mai---u became ‘Umi-a-–
other districts through generations on
descendants –65).
At times, ed a triumvirate under a single ruler. However, such unions were subject to change
that of Puna:
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 und Research
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Ka-lani-belonged to their father, Ka-lani-nui-‘i-a-mamao, and [his brother] Ka-lani--
au-
inheritors.
. . . a great battle was fought [between Ka-lani-
-lani-. . . Ka-lani-w
-lani--‘u and Puna, for he
was a native of Ka-‘u. There were the birth sands of –77]
-
ruling ali‘i
The chief Ka-lani-
3.1.2
described the :
some dreadful convulsion. The ground is every where covered with cinders and
When [Mr. Bligh] landed, he found no stream -water,
describing found a different scene
in areas that received more rainfall. Menzies writes of
a fine -a-heulu.
re fell some showers of rain
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 und Research
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
laid out and managed their ground and the neatness with which they cultivated their
A stream of water which fell from the mountain through the middle of it was
ingeniously branched off on each side to flood and fertilize the most distant fields
–
This abundance was not isolated; continuing on his way east through the ahupua‘a
9 miles southwest
many of which
having little or no shelter, yet they bore fruit tolerably well. ]
ecorded his
southwest of the
cottages, even to the summits of the hills.
A fine stream of fresh water, the first we had seen on the island, ran along the centre
site side,
beautiful valley: the mountain taro, bordered by sugar-cane and bananas, was e sides of the hills, and seemed to
–
ahupua‘a
for the ali‘i and his journal
between the
habitation areas. These
well-ere
accessible to each other and to the resources of land and sea.
miss
within a few months boasted of 900 converts. The following year
area) by schooner where he found,
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 und Research
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
The shore was lined with hundreds of natives as our little boat neared the shore.. . . Then
. . . two strong men, tattooed from head to foot, came in bearing a huge whole hog,
e melons, bananas, and sugar cane, and little gourds filled with
the Candlenut tree, Aleutris moluccana26:90]
settlement shift was occurring from coastal to inland reg
censuses, -nineteenth
century document changes to the district brought about by natural forces and
an account describing the devastating effects of a drought and fire that had occurred
three years earlier:
-
re the remains of
ali‘i to the
ahupua‘a:
had reached an elevation
. . .
t, and might
Behind this noble series of hills, timber abounds. So that there is to be found every
fifteen
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 und Research
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
-
3.1.3 the Kuleana Act
In the mid-nineteenth century, during the time of Kamehameha III, a series of legal and
-
to the akua (godchiefs.
Following the enactment of a series of new laws from the mid--
d the
ali‘i and their konohiki kuleana (commoners) –
from the claimant and witnesses. A Royal Patent (RP), which quit-
(lots), such as an award with agricultural land in one ahupua‘a and a house lot in another.
Ali‘i
Many ali‘i -third
However, a Figure ) shows ,950 acres in Hionamoa awarded to the
.
Waihona ‘Aina (2000) indicates Moses Keawe claimed five
area wo of the five lots were awarded.
located in 2, roject area along the -Volcano (. d acres in Hionamoa, located
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa,
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
20
Figure . Moaula--
area in relation to roads, trails, and the
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
-Road. Both of the awarded were h ouse lots. The three
fields.
was also awarded in 2. This award
the -
land use. No kuleana
-
alo
. Soeh that Grant 03533,
mauka Kau-
Figure ) in relation to the
Figure , is listed on Waihona ina (2000) as being located in
-Figure
3.1.4 - to Late
tivity
-mile-
ented
nced sometime after the middle of the century when Princess
Ka‘a
ensive
growing:
-f the mills
pulu, a soft, flossy, yellow
wool on the base of tree-Cibotium pulu
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
22
pulu trade:
The effect—
might secure comfort to themselves and families, but the actual result is the reverse.
Consequently
their homes are almost in reality deserted, ground uncultivated. [
astated by the forces of nature. A
n
a tidal wave that destroyed coa
2.5 miles nt
pali .
Hutchinson established the
commercially than either wheat or pulu, sugar cultivation bea
rict.
-
Figure 9) shows th Mill located just
lands indicated as , as well as
No roads or trails are indicated. (Figure )
Figure
found. Figure
mauka, joining and continuing northeast above
makai
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
23
Figure 9.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa d 2
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure .
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa d 2
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
25
time
3.1.5
Figure
Figure also illustrates the mauka (in
road own i mauka-makai
andFigure
Figure );
-Volc
Figure . A trail
,
of this trail remains
within the town vicinity, which has ltered by agricultural and residential
Presumably this limited railroad was used to carry cut cane to the mill from some of the nearby
fields. More
cane at the time.
Railway ment continued, with the establishment of lines running
fields (Figure
Figure
better detail, including the narrow-
.
includes additional rows of structures along roadways and around the mill, as well as the locations
l to the southeast of the town. The route of the major roadw own, labeled
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa d 2
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
26
Figure .
ost office, and areas of different land use
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
27
Figure
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure . -
vicinity
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
29
th
running just makai Figure ) shows this new route and the
of the
twentieth century the residential side-
installation of the
The an (Figure )
Hand drawn annotations indicate some land uses in the area dating to the
the WWTP site the
also crosses through a rectangular area labeled rea
and a fence
-ga
disturbance to or dismantling of the former railroad route by the mid-twentieth century in the area
crossed by the easement. The O
Figure ) indicate
cultivated in sugarcane at this time; instead, these former cane fields were being readied for
f the macadamia orchard that is now fully matured.
3.1.6
-
located 5 miles southwest and/or travelling between Hilo and Kailua-Kona.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
30
Figure -
own
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
32
Figure .
T own
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
33
3.2.1
Table and shown in Figure .
,
along
and u Figure
--section just mauka Belt .
sides of the stream; no archaeological features were documented,
recommended.
, Haun and Associates conducted an archaeological assessment (no finds AIS) for an
Figure ). The 5.256-
turbance from agricultural and
documented, and
, Haun and Associates conducted an AIS
Figure ). The study confirmed
to the latter
half of the nineteenth century. One newly SIHP #
--m-long section of a historic irrigation flume associated with the former sugar (Figure ). No traditional sites were identified,
In 2006,
-sq-ft -6-
2006; see Figure ).
Prior disturbance associated with commercial agriculture were noted. No archaeological features were observed.
tate-wide )
,
schools, including KHPES (Hammatt and
Shideler 2006; see Figure vicinity and noted that the school
is listed on the HRHP
# -07522; see Figure ). Hammatt and Shideler (2006:27) recommended on-site archaeological
Figure
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Table . Previous a rchaeological studies in the rea
Location (SIHP # 50-10-69****)
Archaeological
reconnaissance
au Stream between
y (Rouand Wood Valley Rd,
No
materials identified
Archaeological
inventory survey
(recorded as an
archaeological assessment)
-6-
-6--6--6-02
materials identified
Haun and Archaeological inventory survey P lima and PTMK s: [3] 9-6-00-6-
00
documented: SIHP # - historic irrigation flume
associated with sugarcane
cultivation
Jourdane
2006
Archaeological
inventory survey
(recorded as an archaeological assessment)
P lima and P
9–6–
materials identified
Hammatt and
Shideler 2006 and field
-6-
-5-009:006,
Noted listing of KHPES on the
HRHP; on-site archaeological
monitoring recommended
on et
Archaeological
monitoring Elementary School,
TMK s: [3] 9-6- 039
Noted listing of KHPES on the
HRHP; one other historic
SIHP # -27570, lava tube
Archaeological inventory survey Elementary School, TMK: [3] 9-6- -27570 (lava tube system),
documenting three new features;
documented one new historic
-era burial (SIHP # -SIHP # -27570 lava tube
Cleghorn
Archaeological
a, TMK:
[3] 9-6- artifacts and a lava tube within
recommended
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
35
Figure . Pa hala USGS 7.5-uadrangles showing
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
36
Figure . Pa hala USGS 7.5-minute tuadrangles showing
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
37
--69-27570
The location of SIHP # -27570 is shown on Figure .
-e
Figure ). The SIHP # -27570 und within the tube and
designated SIHP # 50--69-Figure ). This burial is located away from the limits of
bes the lava tube system as follows:
Figure ]. The southern branch does not contain archaeological sites. Sites 27570 and
The western branch includes two tubes that are
western branch, roughly 35.0 meters in from the stor Figure 20].
of the western tube system. The floor of the northern
-
noted SIHP # --
archaeological of TMK: [3] 9-6-addressing an earlier and larger version of the Figure ).
Figure ). These artifacts included a single traditional
hammerstone and fragmental historic glass and ceramics. Royal Hawaiian Orchards rocessing lant and
ic
:7 ).
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure .
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
39
Figure 20. --27570 lava t
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
-
have been evaluated as eligible for listing on the
h
3.3.1
APE (see Figure ), i
(SIHP # 50--69-07522). SIHP # -
-
of significance as Criteria A (education/social history value) and C (architecture value). This
3.3.2
SIHP # 50---
roadway is loc Figure ).
Under was evaluated as eligible for
inclusion on the National Register under Criteria A ce in and information
about that has its roots in antiquity.
ed for listing
Register or National Register.
dynamic
rren wasteland, its abundant and varied
-
where water and other resources were more abundant.
In the first 50 years after Contact,
u a handful of kuleana claims in the -scale farming. The vast the William Pitt
; this award ove . A number of
inclu northern
.
-
own.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
vicinity with the The majority of the
-
Contact land use,
ts such as cane flumes have been documented in the area . . A lava tube system (SIHP # -27570) has been
documented to the north and ; the lava tube contains a historic to modern
- . The school
ols (SIHP #
-07522). T--- has been evaluated as eligible for inclusion on the NRHP but has not been nominated. The current
not encroach on any , the
.
Given the continued agricultural and
-Contact sites are no -era
Subsurface historic features related to sugar cultivation
the - -Contact archaeological features, including human burials.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 4
inventory survey under
--
–. This -
and the
subsurface testin.
-(SIHP #s 50--69--) were documente Figure ; see Section 5 for full site
-Contact features or lava tubes were encountered ea.
wi -5 m
the density of the vegetation. Ground visibility was very good throughout most of the
began along the easement located within TMK: [3] 9-6-005:036. This
n, ed area located along the southern
side of the roadway used to acce (Figure 22). Th
overgrown with California grass. The easement
crosses the roadway, entering the former sugar
along a dirt driveway between two large, old maintenance buildings that are still in use (Figure 23)a. North of these structures is
and
located along the
makai side of Ilima Street (Figure ). An earthen storm s along the makai side of Ilima Street s scattered modern household trash (Figure 25).
within TMK: [3] 9-6-005:036, the survey continued along
various residential , including
and Ilima Street (Figure 26 through Figure 29).
These streets consist of one-to-two-lane These . A four-way
s
(Figure 30)
these residential streets ct area are of variable age but
are commonly -and-corrugated metal roofing. Slight
for runoff; these drainages are also outside the
(Figure ); this culvert
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure 22-6-
Figure 23-6-
outside the area; view to northwest
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure . Photo showing the forested area between the maintenance yard and Ilima Street at the northern end of the easement in TMK: [3] 9-6-005:036; view to northwest
Figure 25. Photo showing the location where the easement in TMK: [3] 9-6-
Ilima Street (frame right); the Street culvert is beneath the grass to the left of the road; view to southwest
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure 26. Photo note linear drainage in grassy lawn on left side of view to southeast
Figure 27drainage
view to northwest
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure northwest
Figure 29 north
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure 30P uahala streets; view to northwest
Figure
to northeast
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
diverts runoff into the channel located along the makai side of Ilima Street (see Figure 25).
lined with commercial establishments in addition to
residences.
(SIHP # -, Wood Valley Road/Coastal Road; see Figure and Section ). A commercial
drugstore,
(Figure 32). terminus at Maile Street is technically a located within TMK: [3] 9-6-
ection includes turn lanes (Figure 33)
Trust. On the western side of this intersection are the ,
-era buildings (see Figure 33). Within the grassy yard fronting these buildings is an old Corliss steam engine once used by the sugar mill. These structures and the
The
-mile
ower Moaula Road intersection (Figure and Figure 35). Research has t (SIHP # -, V olcano
Road; see Figure and Section 5.2). Along the makai side of Maile Street in this area are an old
ion house (which has been subsequently used as a store) and visible remnants of the mill
and theater; all these features are located Along the mauka side of Maile
Street in this area are a Hawaiian Telcom building (see Figure )area
No remnants of the old
From the vicinity of the Maile Street
MK: [3] 9-6-Closest to Maile Street the easement briefly crosses overgrown in California grass and
other weeds, before entering the macadamia orchard.
to t te. The orchard contains linear rows of mature trees watered via
surface irrigation lines (Figure 36). Fallen macadamia nuts, leaf litter, and relatively few small
st Signs of surface water runoff were observed throughout the orchard. mauka
(Figure 37).
Road edge and down the center of the orchard (Figure and Figure 39), and bulldozer blade scars
hroughout the orchard. uring the
macadamia nuts off the ground; t
materials around.
A few scattered glass and ceramics were observed in the vicinity
(TE) 2 location in the northern-
site; testing at this location did not uncover any subsurface cultural materials (see Section ). The nature and density of the fragmental cultural materials observed on the surface within the
macadamia orchard were not significant
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
50
Figure 32. Photo toward the Kamani Street intersection; commercial center is visible to the right; view to north
Figure 33. ile Street; Hawaiian Telcom building
; view to southwest
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure
Figure 35
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
52
Figure 36 between the trees; view to southwest
Figure 37
forms the mauka boundary of
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
53
Figure . Photo showing the margin of the macadamia orchard at the southeastern corner of the
Figure 39
bisecting the macadamia orchard; view to southwest
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
were
h
associated sewer easement in TMK: [3] 9-6-
cleared from an area just below Maile Street; the areas surrounding the cleared easement are fallow the maintained easement,
allowing for relocation of a sewer manhole (Figure )
makai
surface; a low dirt mound is believed to indicate its location (Figure ). No remnants of the old
Subsurface testing was conducted within the ,
to determine the nature of the sediments and the for subsurface archaeological features including but not limited to culturally modified lava tubes. This
area is a mature macadamia nut orchard. mechanical
seven test trenches
Figure and Figure . An archaeologist s , which was
sed during
n, which is consistent with from sugarcane cultivation and the
follow.
Tram generally revealed two distinct natural sedimentary layers
, rich silty loam A horizon silty
clay loam B horizon. These findings are consistent with the
sediment in Figure 7 land use
was in TE ers. Here, the two natural sediment layers are
ee Figure
.
4.2.1
in the northern corner of the
of the (see Figure and Figure ).
Figure shows out
long
surface (cmbs) through two layers of natural Waiaha series sediment (Strata I and III) and Figure through Figure
and Table 2). No charcoal or cultural materials were observed within .
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
55
Figure
within TMK: [3] 9-6-
Figure . makai terminus of sewer easement within TMK: [3] 9-6-
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
56
Figure . owing the location s of the seven within the of the through TE 7
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
57
Figure within the of the through TE 7) ( overlay added)
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure
Figure . north
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
59
Figure . Profile of TE west sidewall
Table 2.
Depth
I 0–72 A horizon; 7.5YR 2.5/3, v , fine, granular structure; dry, loose, consistence; slightly
sediment origin; clear , smooth lower boundary; roots
common; no
II 72– Ash; , light gray; ash; structureless (single-grain); dry, loose, no
cementation consistence; non-wavy
lower boundary; few roots; no charcoal or cultural material ; ash
III –230 B h moderate, medium,
structure; dry, cementation consistence; slightly stic; terrigenous sediment lower boundary; few roots; no cultural material
; natural Waiaha series sediment
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
60
4.2.2
-central secti
Figure
and Figure ). Figure
TE 2
cmbs through two layers of natural Waiaha series sediment (Strata I and II) and terminated at (Figure , Figure , and Table 3
highly fragmental historic materials on the ground surface in the TE 2 locale (see Section ), n o
cultural materials were observed within TE 2.
4.2.3
Figure and Figure ). Figure 50
through two layers of
natural Waiaha series sediment (Strata I and II) Figure , Figure
52, and Table ). No cultural materials were observed within TE 3.
4.2.4
Test
Figure and Figure
). Figure 53 shows
cmbs through two layers of natural Waiaha series sediment (Strata I and II)
(Figure , Figure 55, and Table 5
4.2.5
Figure and Figure ). Figure 56
cmbs through
two layers of natural Waiaha series sediment (Strata I and II)
(Figure 57, Figure , and Table 6). No cultural materials were observed within TE 5.
4.2.6 6)
(see Figure and Figure
). Figure 59
two layers of natural Naalehu series sediment (Strata I and II) (Figure 60, Figure , and Table 7). No cultural materials were observed within TE 6.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure . Photo of TE 2
Figure . Photo of TE 2 southwest sidewall; view to north east
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
62
Figure southwest sidewall
Table 3.
Depth
I 0– A hgranular structure; dry, loose, consistence; slightly
sediment origin; diffuse, smooth lower boundary;
roots
sediment
II – B h moderate, medium,
smooth
series sediment
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
63
Figure 50. Photo of TE 3
Figure . Photo of TE 3 west sidewall; view to northeast
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure 52
Table . TE 3
Depth
I 0– A horizon; 7.5YR 2.5
diffuse, smooth lower boundary;
sediment
II – B horizon, Natural moderate,
smooth
c
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
65
Figure 53.
Figure . west sidewall; view to northwest
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
66
Figure 55west sidewall
Table 5
Depth
I 0–60 A horizon
sediment origin; clear, smooth lower boundary; roots common; no
t
II 60– B horizon silty clay loam; moderate, medium,
lower boundary, terminated at bedr
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
67
Figure 56. Photo of TE 5
Figure 57. Photo of TE 5 southwest sidewall; view to south
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Figure . Str sidewall
Table 6. TE 5
Depth
I 0–95 A horizon; , fine,
ies sediment
II 95– B horizon, Natural moderate,
smooth
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
69
Figure 59. Photo of TE 6
Figure 60. Photo of TE 6 southeast sidewall; view to southeast
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
70
Figure
Table 7. TE 6 s d
Depth
I 0–70 A horizon;
sediment origin; clear, smooth lower boundary; roots common; no
cultural material
II 70– B horizon, Natural ; moderate,
sediment origin;
smooth
; natural Naalehu series sediment
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
4.2.7
on
(see Figure and Figure ). Figure
62
two layers of natural Naalehu series sediment (Strata I and II) (Figure 63, Figure , and Table ). No cultural materials were observed within TE 7 .
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
72
Figure 62. Photo of TE 7
Figure 63. Photo of TE 7 south sidewall; view to southeast
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
73
Figure
Table . TE 7 s d
Depth
I 0–90 A horizon
sediment origin; clear, smooth lower boundary; roots common; no
II 90– B horizon silty clay loam; moderate, medium,
cementation
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HINAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 5
Two -era road alignments) were identified within the
during this AIS. They are summarized in Table 9 and t Figure .
Table 9. Sites identified within rea
SIHP # (50-10-69) Function
- Road alignment (Volcano Road)
- Road alignment (Wood Valley Road/Coastal Road)
SIHP # 50-10-69-31088
Road (Wood Valley Road/Coastal Road)
-
[3] 9-6-005:999 (county right-of-way)
None
SIHP # 50--69- --mile) section of the historic Wood Valley
Road/Coastal Road alignment located within (see Figure ). The section
of this alignment with
Street on the west and
(see Figure ). Construction of the modern Maile Street roadways, which are 5--33 ft) wide, has
ions of the former Wood Valley
Road/Coastal Road roadway (see Figure 32 through Figure 35).
coastal route from east own, where it merged with the original
(see Figure , Figure , Figure , Figure 65, and Figure 66). With the
construction of the new Volcano Road (SIHP # -the Wood Valley
Road/Coastal Road (see Section 5.2), and the central
SIHP # - (see Figure 65). Abo own the route is still called Wood Valley Road, but it is
les to the northeast and not as a
SIHP - (Wood Valley Road/Coastal Road) is a
from the l –. -275-6, SIHP # -
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HINAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
75
Figure 65. Portions of the Wood Valley, Pahala, Punaluu, and Naalehu USGS 7.5 -minute s in relation to historic
roadways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HINAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
76
Figure 66. Portions of the and Punaluu USGS 7.5-s in relation to historic roadways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HINAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
77
SIHP # 50-10-69-31089
Road alignment (Volcano Road)
-
[3] 9-6-005:999 (county right-of-way)
None
SIHP # 50--69- --mile) section of the historic Volcano Road ee Figure ). The section of this alignment within
- alignment.
Figure 65). former Volcano Road roadway (see Figure 33 through Figure 35).
the similarly named route located more mauka Figure , Figure , Figure 65, and Figure 66). With the construction of the ---ment became
(see Figure )
the Belt Road Figure ) does not label the route at all.
SIHP - (Volcano Road) is a -
-275-6, SIHP # - is assessed as significant under Criterion d for the
tation rout
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Significance Assessments
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 6
SIHP #s 50--69--
, historic-era Section
under HRS §6E, while Section 6.2 Hawai‘i Register eligibility determinations.
Under HRS §6E-275-
he following
significance criteria:
a
b
c Embody the distinctive characteristics of a t
d
e
beliefs, events or oral accounts—o the
history and cultural identity.
The segments of SIHP #s --
today. While the corridors remain active roadways, they no longer function as the
residential and commercial use, and the route names themselves have also changed. Pursuant to -275-6, SIHP # s - and - are assessed as significant under Criterion d for the
information they have yielded about
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Nationa
Re--
integrity as described in Section above, and meet one or more of the following broad
significance criteria:
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Significance Assessments
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
79
A That are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to
B
C
sent a significant and distinguishable entity
As discussed in Section , none of the constructed elements of the subject
original SIHP #s -- roadways are evident today, and these s of the historic ies their ; see
).
Hawai‘i island. Therefore,
SIHP #s - and - are evaluated as not eligible for inclusion on the National Register or
Hawai‘i Register.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HINAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 7
area was cover
of dense vegetation, access and visibility were good during the survey. has been
agricultural and residential/town he own and but these
remnants are all located outside the
ved on the ground surface within the
by
gram of subsurface testing was
generally revealed two
nts are consistent with
ity at f
encountered during the testing.
- and -istoric -era road corridors
- or -
roadways are evident today, and
their location.
the historic corridors nor change their characteristics.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 Project Effect and Mitigation Recommendations
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 8
regar
the segments of the Wood Valley/Coastal Road (SIHP # 50--69-) and Volcano Road
(SIHP # 50--69---275-
In
No mitigation commitments are recommended for ts 50--69- or - s of these ies only maintain integrity of location as all the constructed elements of the original Wood
Valley/Coastal road and Volcano road are no longer evident today.
While , archaeological monitoring during
. This is based on the being SIHP # 50--69-07362), as
a lava tube system (SIHP # 50--69-27570) with some cultural modifications beneath
Pahala town;
--69-07522), a National
Register-
----eligible historic
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 References Cited
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Section 9
. Science Management, Inc., Honolulu.
Chinen, Jon J.
nd Division of 1848. University of Hawaii Press,
Honolulu.
. .
-of-Way (and Portions of Adjacent Parcels) for the
(3) 8-1--1--1-
Island of Hawai‘i
Cleghorn, Paul L.
-6-
. Glenwood Publishers, Felton, CA.
Honolulu.
2000 -Year Story of Sugar in Hawai‘i Mutual Publishing,
Honolulu.
2006 –6–
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 References Cited
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
-Acre Portion of
-6-. Scientific
, -L. Chen, P.-S. Chu, J.K.
Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai‘i.
--D-11- Electronic document,
(accessed ).
online at www.google.com/earth.html.
2006 o DOE Schools, -Island DOE Cesspool Project, -6--
Native Planters
Bulletin 233.
-6--6-
[3] 9 -6-002 and 9-6-005. Hawai‘i TMK Service, Honolulu.
Ruling Chiefs of Hawai‘i. Kamehameha Schools Press, Honolulu.
Ahupua‘a. -
A Voyage of the Pacific Ocean
- 3 Vols. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 References Cited
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
of Accounting and General Services, Honolulu. Available online at
Second edition. Nathaniel B. Emerson,
Museum, Honolulu.
. W.F. Wilson, editor. New Freedom Press, Honolulu.
and digitized by Hawaiian Mission Houses. Electronic document,
-collection.
--
Place Names of Hawaii. Revis
Honolulu.
Mission Statement Reports for
-collection.
Soehren, L
Hawai‘i
-
(accessed March 2005).
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2 References Cited
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Palima Point USGS 7.5-uadrangle. USGS Information
Pahala USGS 7.5-uadrangle. USGS Information
Colorado.
Naalehu, Pahala, Punaluu, and Wood Valley USGS 7.5-
quadrangles do.
20 . Electronic document, (accessed ).
Services, Honolulu. Available online at .
Archaeological M
Hawai‘i Inter-
-6-
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
90
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
92
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
93
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
95
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
96
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
97
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
99
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways
Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: HIONAMOA 2
AISR for the WWTP Project, Hionamoa
TMKs: [3] 9-6--6-and County Right-of-Ways