HomeMy WebLinkAboutHawaii County Energy Code Draft - Proposed Amendments to IECC 2015 Edition Hawai‘i County Energy Code Annotated Draft for Discussion Purposes
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Note to the reader:
This draft incorporates by reference, the International Energy Conservation Code,
2015 Edition, (IECC) into chapter 5 of the Hawai‘i County Code. Proposed
changes to the language of the IECC, that has been incorporated into the Code, are
indicated using brackets and strike outs for repeals and underscoring for additions.
SECTION 1. Chapter 5, article 4, of the Hawai‘i County Code 1983 (2016 Edition, as
amended), is repealed.
SECTION 2. Chapter 5, of the Hawai‘i County Code 1983 (2016 Edition, as amended), is
amended by adding a new article to be designated article 4, and to read as follows:
“Article 4. Energy Conservation.
Sections:
5-85(a) The International Energy Conservation Code incorporated.
5-85(b)(1) Subsection C101.1 amended.
5-85(b)(2) Subsection C101.4 amended.
5-85(b)(3) Subsection C102.1 amended.
5-85(b)(4) Subsection C103.1 amended.
5-85(b)(5) Subsections C103.3.2 and C103.3.3 deleted in their entirety.
5-85(b)(6) Subsection C401.2 amended.
5-85(b)(7) Subsection C402.1.1 amended.
5-85(b)(8) Table C402.1.3 deleted in its entirety and replaced.
5-85(b)(9) Subsection C402.2.3 amended.
5-85(b)(10) Table C402.4 deleted in its entirety and replaced.
5-85(b)(11) Subsection C402.4.3.5 added.
5-85(b)(12) Subsection C402.5 amended.
5-85(b)(13) Subsection C403.2.4.2.4 added.
5-85(b)(14) Subsection C405.2 amended.
5-85(b)(15) Subsection C405.2.4 amended.
5-85(b)(16) Subsection C405.10 added.
5-85(b)(17) Subsection C406.3 amended.
5-85(b)(18) Subsection C408.2 amended.
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5-85(b)(19) Subsection C408.2.4.1 deleted in its entirety.
5-85(b)(20) Subsection C408.3.1 amended.
5-85(b)(21) Subsection C501.4 amended.
5-85(b)(22) Subsection C503.3.1 amended.
5-85(b)(23) Subsection R101.1 amended.
5-85(b)(24) Subsection R103.1 amended.
5-85(b)(25) Subsections R103.3.2 and R103.3.3 deleted in their entirety.
5-85(b)(26) Subsection R401.2 amended.
5-85(b)(27) Subsection R401.2.1 amended.
5-85(b)(28) Subsection R402.1 amended.
5-85(b)(29) Table R402.1.2 deleted in its entirety and replaced.
5-85(b)(30) Subsection R402.2 amended.
5-85(b)(31) Subsection R402.2.5 amended.
5-85(b)(32) Subsection R402.3.2 amended.
5-85(b)(33) Subsection R402.4.1.2 amended.
5-85(b)(34) Subsection R403.5.5 added.
5-85(b)(35) Subsection R404.2 added.
5-85(b)(36) Subsection R404.3 added.
5-85(b)(37) Table R405.5.2(1) amended.
5-85(b)(38) Section R407 added.
5-85(b)(39) Subsection R501.4 amended.
5-85(b)(40) Subsection R503.1.1 amended.
5-85(b)(41) Subsection R503.2 amended.
Section 5-84. Purpose.
This article adopts with amendments, the International Energy Conservation Code, 2015
Edition, as it was incorporated into the Hawai‘i State Energy Conservation Code that became
effective on March 31, 2017. The purpose of the resulting article is to promote the design of
energy-efficient building envelopes and installation of energy-efficient mechanical, lighting, and
power systems by establishing minimum standards that promote modern and up-to-date energy-
efficient performance in the construction, alteration, or equipment of buildings or structures in
the County of Hawai‘i.
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Section 5-85. International Energy Conservation Code adopted.
(a) The “International Energy Conservation Code, 2015 Edition” herein referred to as the
“International Energy Conservation Code,” as copyrighted and published in 2015 by the
International Code Council, Incorporated, 500 New Jersey Avenue, 6th Floor, Washington,
DC 20001, is incorporated by reference and made a part of this chapter, subject to the
amendments hereinafter set forth in this article. The appendices of the International Energy
Conservation Code are not adopted except as provided in this article. A copy of the
International Energy Conservation Code shall be available for public inspection at the Hilo
and Kailua-Kona offices of the department of public works and at the office of the county
clerk.
(b) This incorporation by reference includes all parts of the International Energy Conservation
Code, 2015 Edition, subject to the amendments hereinafter set forth.
(1) Subsection C101.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C101.1 Title. This code shall be known as the [International] Energy Conservation
Code of [NAME OF JURISDICTION] Hawai‘i County, and shall be cited as such.
[It is referred to herein as “this code.”] “This code” when used within the
International Energy Conservation Code as incorporated by reference herein, means
the Energy Conservation Code of Hawai‘i County.”
Comment: Standard language.
See Energy Conservation Code of the State of Hawai‘i (hereafter “State ECC”)
at §3-181-4, Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (hereafter “HAR”).
(2) Subsection C101.4 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C101.4 Applicability. Where, in any specific case, different sections of this code or
other adopted codes specify different materials, methods of construction or other
requirements, the [most restrictive shall govern] code official shall determine which
code requirements shall prevail. Where there is a conflict between a general
requirement and a specific requirement, the specific requirement shall govern.”
Comment:
Maui Justification: This will allow the code official to review code conflicts and
make the most reasonable determination.
See: §16.16B.C101.4, Maui County Code (hereafter “MCC”).
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(3) Subsection C102.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C102.1 General. This code is not intended to prevent the use of any material,
method of construction, design or insulating system not specifically prescribed herein,
provided that such construction, design or insulating system has been approved by the
code official as meeting the intent of this code.
The code official may allow lower energy conservation standards for nonstandard
building materials, unique or limitations of design, special methods of construction,
and geographical location. The code official may require construction plans, research
reports, and tests prepared by a registered design professional in order to determine
whether to allow such lower standards.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by Maui County.
See: §16.16B.C102.1, MCC.
B. The code should not prohibit nonstandard building methods and materials
such as those:
1) Used in indigenous Hawaiian architecture and membrane structures,
2) Resulting from design limitations like timber frame construction, open
beam roofs, or
3) Additions to existing conditions, geographical locations in valleys and
other obstructions.
(4) Subsection C103.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C103.1 General. [Construction documents and other supporting data shall be
submitted in one or more sets with each application for a permit. The construction
documents shall be prepared by a registered design professional where required by
the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed. Where special
conditions exist, the code official is authorized to require necessary construction
documents to be prepared by a registered design professional.
Exception: The code official is authorized to waive the requirements for
construction documents or other supporting data if the code official determines
they are not necessary to confirm compliance with this code.]
Construction documents and other supporting data shall be submitted to indicate
compliance with this code. The construction documents shall be prepared,
designed, approved, and observed by a duly registered licensed professional as
required by chapter 464 of the Hawai‘i Revised Statutes and in accordance with
the provisions of chapter 5, Hawai‘i County Code. The licensed professional
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shall certify via a signed statement on the plans, that the project complies with
this code.
Exception: Any building work that is not required to be prepared, designed,
approved, or observed by a licensed professional architect or engineer pursuant to
chapter 464, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes, shall be certified by the owner.”
Comments:
A. State Justification: Standard administrative code language.
B. See State ECC at §3-181-7, HAR, Kauai County at §12-6.4(2), KCC, and
Maui County at §16.16B.C103.1, MCC.
(5) Subsections C103.3.2 and C103.3.3 of the International Energy Conservation Code
are deleted in their entirety.
“[C103.3.2 Previous approvals. This code shall not require changes in the
construction documents, construction or designated occupancy of a structure for
which a lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized,
and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith within 180 days after
the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned.
C103.3.3 Phased approval. The code official shall have the authority to issue a
permit for the construction of part of an energy conservation system before the
construction documents for the entire system have been submitted or approved,
provided adequate information and detailed statements have been filed complying
with all pertinent requirements of this code. The holders of such permit shall proceed
at their own risk without assurance that the permit for the entire energy conservation
system will be granted.]”
Comments:
A. These are administrative provisions that are already addressed elsewhere
in the code.
B. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by Kauai County. See: §12-6.4(31), KCC.
(6) Subsection C401.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C401.2 Application. Commercial buildings shall comply with one of the following:
1. The requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1.
2. The requirements of Sections C402 through C405. In addition, commercial
buildings shall comply with Section C406 and tenant spaces shall comply with
Section C406.1.1.
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3. The requirements of Sections C402.5, C403.2, C404, C405.2, C405.3, C405.5,
C405.6 and C407. The building energy cost shall be equal to or less than 85
percent of the standard reference design building.
Exception: Where it is determined by the code official that the building
configuration is similar to that of a residential building, the requirements in
Sections R401.2.1 Tropical Zone shall be permitted to be used.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by Kauai County. See: §12-6.4(31), KCC.
B. Extends Tropical Zone provisions for small commercial projects with
construction similar to that of a residential building.
(7) Subsection C402.1.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“C402.1.1 Low-energy use buildings. The following low-energy use buildings, or
portions thereof separated from the remainder of the building by building thermal
envelope assemblies complying with this section, shall be exempt from the building
thermal envelope provisions of Section C402.
1. Those with a peak design rate of energy usage less than 3.4 Btu/h-ft2 (10.7
W/m2) or 1.0 watt per square foot (10.7 W/m2) of floor area for space
conditioning purposes.
2. [Those that do not contain conditioned space] Unconditioned space that does
not contain occupiable space and/or habitable space.
3. Greenhouses.”
Comments:
A. State Justification: The amended language ensures that habitable space,
even if unconditioned, will be covered by the provisions of the energy code
to increase occupant comfort and reduce the possibility of installing air
conditioning in the future.
See State ECC at §3-181-8, HAR, Kauai County at §12-6.4(11), KCC, and
Maui County at §16.16B.C402.1.1, MCC.
B. Hawai‘i County includes “occupiable” to clarify the exception.
“Occupiable space” is defined in the IBC 2006 Chapter 2 Section 202.
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(8) Table C402.1.3 from the International Energy Conservation Code is deleted in its
entirety and replaced with the following:
“TABLE C402.1.3
OPAQUE THERMAL ENVELOPE INSULATION COMPONENT
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS, R-VALUE METHODa - CLIMATE ZONE 1
CLIMATE ZONE 1
All other
Group R
Roofs
Insulation entirely
above roof deck
R-10ci
R-12.5ci
Metal buildingsa, b
R-30 or R-19 with cool roof
R-30 or R-19 with cool roof
Attic and other R-30 or R-19 with cool roof R-30 or R-19 with cool roof
Walls, above grade
Mass R-5.7cic R-5.7cic
Metal building R-13 + R-6.5ci R-13 + R-6.5ci
Metal framed R-13 + R-5ci R-13 + R-5ci
Wood framed and other R-13 + R-3.8ci or R-20 R-13 + R-3.8ci or R-20
Walls, below grade
Below-grade wall NR NR
Floors
Mass NR NR
Joist/framing NR NR
Slab-on-grade floors
Unheated slabs NR NR
Heated slabsd R-7.5 for 12” below R-7.5 for 12” below
Opaque doors
Nonswinging R-4.75 R-4.75
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For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 pound per square foot = 4.88 kg/m2, 1 pound per cubic foot = 16 kg/m3.
ci = Continuous insulation, NR = No requirement, LS = Liner system.
a. Assembly descriptions can be found in ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Appendix A.
b. Where using R-value compliance method, a thermal spacer block shall be provided, otherwise use
the U-factor compliance method in Table C402.1.4.
c. R-5.7ci is allowed to be substituted with concrete block walls complying with ASTM C 90,
ungrouted or partially grouted at 32 inches or less on center vertically and 48 inches or less on center
horizontally, with ungrouted cores filled with materials having maximum thermal conductivity of
0.44 Btu-in/h-f2 °F. See Section C402.2.3.
d. Steel floor joist systems shall be insulated to R-38.”
Comments:
A. Revised table to include only climate zone 1 requirements.
B. State Justification: Commercial buildings must have Cool Roof Rating
Council compliant reflective roofs which significantly reduce the need for
insulation, especially in Hawai‘i’s mild climate. Reducing required insulation
by 50% significantly reduces construction costs while minimally increasing
interior temperatures.
C. See: Maui County at §16.16B.C402, MCC, and Kauai County at §12-6.4(12),
KCC.
(9) Subsection C402.2.3 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“C402.2.3 Thermal resistance of above-grade walls. The minimum thermal
resistance (R-value) of materials installed in the wall cavity between framing
members and continuously on the walls shall be as specified in Table C402.1.3, based
on framing type and construction materials used in the wall assembly.
Exceptions:
Continuous insulation for wood, metal framed, and mass walls are not required
when at least one of the following conditions is met:
1. Walls have a covering with a reflect
2. Walls have overhangs with a projection factor equal to or greater than 0.3.
The projection factor is the horizontal distance from the surface of the wall
to the farthest most point of the overhang divided by the vertical distance
from the first floor level to the bottom most point of the overhang.
3. Concrete, CMU, and similar mass walls are 6 inches or greater in
thickness.
The R-value of integral insulation installed in concrete masonry units shall not be
used in determining compliance with Table C402.1.3.
“Mass walls” shall include walls:
1. Weighing not less than 35 psf (170 kg/m2) of wall surface area.
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2. Weighing not less than 25 psf (120 kg/m2) of wall surface area where the
material weight is not more than 120 pcf (1900 kg/m3).
3. Having a heat capacity exceeding 7 Btu/ft2 °F (144 kJ/m 2 K).
4. Having a heat capacity exceeding 5 Btu/ft2 °F (103 kJ/m 2 K), where the
material weight is not more than 120 pcf (1900 kg/m3).”
Comments:
A. State Justification: Modeling analysis shows that R-13 is the most
impactful level of insulation for buildings and that removing continuous
insulation on steel frame walls does not significantly impact whole
building energy use. Adding shading to the wall system with a projection
factor of at least 0.3 eliminates the need for continuous insulation in
exterior wall systems resulting in an energy equivalent installation. In a
tropical climate, the impact of wall insulation is diminished for
commercial buildings with more importance placed on roof insulation and
window solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC). Envelope trade-offs for
residential construction can be extrapolated to commercial construction
for wall systems allowing the trade-off for a projection factor on wall
systems to work for both residential and commercial buildings.
Adding reflective coatings on wall systems is also an effective trade-off for
continuous insulation in residential exterior wall systems. As with the
projection factor, this trade-off can be transferred to commercial
buildings as an energy neutral trade-off. A reflective coating trade-off for
continuous insulation is appropriate for commercial wall systems by
providing an energy neutral trade-off. The full analysis is contained in the
“Analyses and proposal of Hawaii amendments to the 2015 International
Energy Conservation Code,” dated May 2016.
See: State ECC at §3-181-9, HAR.
B. Maui County Justification: Additionally, exception 3 will reduce the
footprint of the structure when using mass wall, which will reduce
construction costs. See: §16.16B.C402.2.3, MCC.
C. Kauai County also incorporated change at §12-6.4(13), KCC.
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(10) Table C402.4 from the International Energy Conservation Code is deleted in its
entirety and replaced with the following:
“TABLE C402.4
BUILDING ENVELOPE FENESTRATION
MAXIMUM U-FACTOR AND SHGC REQUIREMENTS -
CLIMATE ZONE 1
CLIMATE ZONE
1
Vertical fenestration
U-factor
Fixed fenestration
0.50
Operable fenestration
0.65
Entrance 1.10
SHGCb
Orientationa SEW N
PF < 0.2 0.25 0.33
0.2 PF < 0.5 0.30 0.37
PF 0.5 0.40 0.40
Skylights
U-factor 0.75
SHGC 0.35
NR = No requirement, PF = Projection factor.
a. “N” indicates vertical fenestration oriented within 45 degrees of true north. “SEW”
indicates orientations other than “N.” For buildings in the southern hemisphere, reverse
south and north. Buildings located at less than 23.5 degrees latitude shall use SEW for
all orientations.
b. Exception: Jalousie windows are exempt from SHGC requirements.”
Comments:
A. Revised table to include only climate zone 1 requirements.
B. State Justification: Jalousie windows are popular in Hawai‘i as an
extremely effective means of passively cooling buildings by reducing or
eliminating the need for air conditioning. The SHGC of the individual
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jalousie blades can be slightly improved, but only at great expense and the
improved blades would still be far from code compliance. Given
Hawai‘i’s mild climate, the energy impact of reducing or eliminating air
conditioning may far exceed the impact of additional heat gain.
(11) A new subsection C402.4.3.5 is added to the International Energy Conservation Code
to read as follows:
“C402.4.3.5 Area-weighted SHGC. In commercial buildings, an area-weighted
average of fenestration products shall be permitted to satisfy SHGC requirements.
Exception: Jalousie windows are exempt from SHGC requirements.”
Comments:
A. State Justification: Modeling by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL) indicated that shading fenestration was as effective as solar heat gain
coefficient (SHGC) requirements in Hawaii’s mild climate. Area weighting
allows trade-offs between fenestration SHGC allowing a higher SHGC to be
installed on the North elevation and offsetting that with lower SHGC
requirements for windows on the East, West and South.
See: State ECC at §3-181-10, HAR.
B. State Justification: Jalousie windows are popular in Hawaii as an extremely
effective means of passively cooling buildings by reducing or eliminating the
need for air conditioning. The SHGC of the individual jalousie blades can be
slightly improved, but only at great expense and the improved blades would
still be far from code compliance. Given Hawaii’s mild climate, the energy
impact of reducing or eliminating air conditioning may far exceed the impact
of additional heat gain.
(12) Subsection C402.5 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C402.5 Air leakage-thermal envelope (Mandatory). The thermal envelope of
buildings shall comply with Sections C402.5.1 through C402.5.8, or the building
thermal envelope [shall] may be tested in accordance with ASTM E 779 at a pressure
differential of 0.3 inch water gauge (75 Pa) [or an equivalent method approved by the
code official] and deemed to comply with the provisions of this section when the
tested air leakage rate of the building thermal envelope is not greater than 0.40 cfm/ft2
(0.2 L/s • m2). Where compliance is based on such testing, the building shall also
comply with Sections C402.5.5, C402.5.6 and C402.5.7.”
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Comment:
Maui County Justification: Due to concerns of timeliness, added costs, and
availability of a certified contractor, this “blower door test” is being made
optional instead of mandatory. The registered design professional may require
this on behalf of the owner.
See: Maui County at §16.16B.C402.5, MCC.
(13) A new subsection C403.2.4.2.4 is added to the International Energy Conservation
Code to read as follows:
“C403.2.4.2.4 Door switches. Opaque and glass doors opening to the outdoors in
hotel and motel sleeping units, guest suites, and time-share condominiums, shall be
provided with controls that disable the mechanical cooling or reset the cooling
setpoint to 90° F or greater within five minutes of the door opening. Mechanical
cooling may remain enabled if the outdoor air temperature is below the space
temperature.”
Comment:
State Justification: This change will require automatic controls that reset the
cooling system temperature in a hotel and motel sleeping unit, guest suites
and time share condominiums when doors to the outdoors are let open. A
similar requirement is contained in the American Society of Heating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1-2013 Section 6.5.10. Research
indicates that there is a potential for significant savings when in-room energy
management systems are employed. A study by Pacific Gas and Electric as
well as research by Magnum Energy Solutions, found that key card energy
control systems provided an estimated savings of 35% - 45% per room.
Additionally, prior research conducted for the State of Hawaii indicated that
occupancy-based guest room controls could provide at least 5% savings for
the entire hotel.
A study conducted in 2002 by Jeff Stein of Taylor Engineering and created for
the California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program estimated
savings of almost 60% for operable windows and/or doors with switches
versus operable windows and/or doors without switches. The full analysis is
contained in the “Analyses and Proposal of Hawaii Amendments to the 2015
International Energy Conservation Code.
See: State ECC at §3-181-11, HAR.
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(14) Subsection C405.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C405.2 Lighting controls (Mandatory). Lighting systems shall be provided with
controls as specified in Sections C405.2.1, C405.2.2, C405.2.3, C405.2.4 and
C405.2.5.
Exceptions: Lighting controls are not required for the following:
1. Areas designated as security or emergency areas that are required to be
continuously lighted.
2. Interior exit stairways, interior exit ramps and exit passageways.
3. Emergency egress lighting that is normally off.
4. Spaces where the designed lighting power densities are less than 70% of
the lighting power densities specified in Table C405.4.2(1) and Table
C405.4.2(2).”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version is consistent with the version adopted by Kauai
County. See: §12-6.4(16), KCC.
B. State Justification: Electrical engineers, including speakers at the 2017
National Energy Codes Conference, indicate that compliance with the
lighting controls are difficult and may result in non-compliance. By
reducing lighting power density, a 40% energy savings is realized while
reducing design, installation and maintenance costs. Including Section
C405.1 (occupant sensor controls) is the simplest, most cost effective and
most easily maintained control system.
Including C405.2.4 (specific application controls) is necessary to cover
control of hotel and motel guest room lighting as tourism is ubiquitous in
Hawaii. Studies indicate that 85% of the savings in lighting is attributable
to the LED sources, and 15% to the controls.
(15) Subsection C405.2.4 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“C405.2.4 Specific application controls. Specific application controls shall be
provided for the following:
1. Display and accent light shall be controlled by a dedicated control that is
independent of the controls for other lighting within the room or space.
2. Lighting in cases used for display case purposes shall be controlled by a
dedicated control that is independent of the controls for other lighting within
the room or space.
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3. Hotel and motel sleeping units [and], guest suites, and time-share
condominiums shall have a master control device that is capable of
automatically switching off all installed luminaires and switched receptacles
within 20 minutes after all occupants leave the room.
Exception: Lighting and switched receptacles controlled by captive key
systems.
4. Supplemental task lighting, including permanently installed under-shelf or
under-cabinet lighting, shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or
be controlled by a wall-mounted control device provided that the control
device is readily accessible.
5. Lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and food warming,
shall be controlled by a dedicated control that is independent of the controls
for other lighting within the room or space.
6. Lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in lighting education
shall be controlled by a dedicated control that is independent of the controls
for other lighting within the room or space.”
Comment:
State Justification: The current International Energy Code language only
includes a master control device for hotel and motel sleeping units and guest
suites. Time share condominiums are added to the requirements because they
have the same transient use pattern as a hotel and motel overnight room and the
energy savings potential will be similar.
See: State ECC at §3-181-12, HAR.
(16) A new subsection C405.10 is added to the International Energy Conservation Code to
read as follows:
“C405.10 Sub-metering. In new buildings with tenants, metering shall be collected
for the entire building and individually for each tenant occupying 1,000 ft² (total
enclosed and unenclosed) (93 m³) or more. Tenants shall have access to data collected
for their space. A tenant is defined as “one who rents or leases from a landlord.”
Comments:
A. State Justification: Numerous studies indicate that sub-metering,
combined with tenant access to consumption data, results in substantial
energy use reduction and is cost effective.
See: State ECC at §3-181-13, HAR.
B. Hawai‘i County’s version of this proposed change is consistent with the
version adopted by the State and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-13, HAR and Maui County at §16.16B.C405.10,
MCC.
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(17) Subsection C406.3 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C406.3 Reduced lighting power density. The total interior lighting power (watts)
of the building shall be determined by using [90] 80 percent of the lighting power
values specified in Table C405.4.2(1) times the floor area for the building types, or by
using [90] 80 percent of the interior lighting power allowance calculated by the
Space-by-Space Method in Section C405.4.2.”
Comment:
State Justification: The current code was written in 2014, allowing Haitz’s law to
have considerable effect. Reducing lighting power density also reduces
construction costs by requiring fewer fixtures.
(18) Subsection C408.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C408.2 Mechanical systems and service water-heating systems commissioning
and completion requirements. [Prior to the final mechanical and plumbing
inspections, the] The registered design professional or approved agency shall provide
evidence of mechanical systems commissioning and completion in accordance with
the provisions of this section to the owner or owner’s authorized agent.
Construction document notes shall clearly indicate provisions for commissioning and
completion requirements in accordance with this section and are permitted to refer to
specifications for further requirements. Copies of all documentation shall be given to
the owner or owner’s authorized agent and made available to the code official upon
request in accordance with Sections C408.2.4 and C408.2.5.
Exceptions: The following systems are exempt:
1. Mechanical systems and service water heater systems in buildings where
the total mechanical equipment capacity is less than 480,000 Btu/h (140.7
kW) cooling capacity and 600,000 Btu/h (175.8 kW) combined service
water-heating and space-heating capacity.
2. Systems included in Section C403.3 that serve individual dwelling units
and sleeping units.”
Comment:
Maui Justification: The registered design professional is responsible for the
mechanical systems and service water-heating systems commissioning. The
required documents should be submitted to the owner or owner’s representative
for their information and record.
See: §16.16B.C408.2, MCC.
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(19) Subsection C408.2.4.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is deleted in its
entirety.
“[C408.2.4.1 Acceptance of report. Buildings, or portions thereof, shall not be
considered acceptable for a final inspection pursuant to Section C104.3 until the code
official has received a letter of transmittal from the building owner acknowledging
that the building owner or owner’s authorized agent has received the Preliminary
Commissioning Report.]”
Comments:
Maui Justification: Verification of submittal of the Preliminary Commissioning
Report should be coordinated between the registered design professional and the
owner or owner’s representative.
See: §16.16B.C408.2.4.1, MCC.
(20) Subsection C408.3.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“C408.3.1 Functional Testing. [Prior to passing final inspection, the] The registered
design professional shall provide to the owner or owner’s representative evidence that
the lighting control systems have been tested to ensure that control hardware and
software are calibrated, adjusted, programmed and in proper working condition in
accordance with the construction documents and manufacturer’s instructions.
Functional testing shall be in accordance with Sections C408.3.1.1 and C408.3.1.2 for
the applicable control type.”
Comment:
Maui Justification: This amendment simplifies and streamlines the functional
testing process.
See: §16.16B.C408.3.1, MCC.
(21) Subsection C501.4 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“C501.4 Compliance. Alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy to, or
relocation of, existing buildings and structures shall comply with the provisions and
regulations for alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy or relocation,
[respectively, in the International Building Code, International Fire Code,
International Fuel Gas Code, International Mechanical Code, International
Plumbing Code, International Property Maintenance Code, International Private
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Sewage Disposal Code and NFPA 70] as adopted by the authority having
jurisdiction.”
Comment:
State Justification: The proposed amendment strikes language requiring existing
building projects to comply with the suite of International codes when these codes
may not have been adopted by the local jurisdiction. This amendment is
consistent with Hawai‘i Revised Statutes 107-25.
See: State ECC at §3-181-14, HAR.
(22) Subsection C503.3.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“C503.3.1 Roof replacement. Roof [replacements shall comply with Table C402.1.3
or C402.1.4 where the existing roof assembly is part of the building thermal envelope
and contains insulation entirely above the roof deck.] replacement of uninsulated
roofs shall include at least one of the following:
1. Energy Star compliant roof covering;
2. Radiant barrier; or
3. Attic ventilation via solar attic fan(s), or ridge ventilation, or gable ventilation.”
Comment:
State Justification: The Roofing Contractors of Hawaii reported that the 2015
IECC code requirement for insulating existing roofs would double the cost. This
amendment provides an alternative compliance path which addresses the cost
issue.
(23) Subsection R101.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“R101.1 Title. This code shall be known as the [International] Energy Conservation
Code of [NAME OF JURISDICTION] Hawai‘i County, and shall be cited as such.
[It is referred to herein as “this code.”] “This code” when used within the
International Energy Conservation Code as incorporated by reference herein, means
the Energy Conservation Code of Hawai‘i County.”
Comments:
A. Conformed with paragraph (1) of this bill that amends subsection C101.1
of the International Energy Conservation Code.
B. Standard language.
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(24) Subsection R103.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“R103.1 General. [Construction documents, technical reports and other supporting
data shall be submitted in one or more sets with each application for a permit. The
construction documents and technical reports shall be prepared by a registered design
professional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which the project is
to be constructed. Where special conditions exist, the code official is authorized to
require necessary construction documents to be prepared by a registered design
professional.
Exception: The code official is authorized to waive the requirements for
construction documents or other supporting data if the code official determines
they are not necessary to confirm compliance with this code.]
Construction documents and other supporting data shall be submitted to indicate
compliance with this code. The construction documents shall be prepared, designed,
approved, and observed by a duly registered licensed professional as required by
chapter 464 of the Hawai‘i Revised Statutes and in accordance with the provisions of
chapter 5, Hawai‘i County Code. The licensed professional shall certify via a signed
statement on the plans, that the project complies with this code.
Exception: Any building, electrical, or plumbing work that is not required to be
prepared, designed, approved, or observed by a licensed professional architect or
engineer pursuant to chapter 464, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes, shall be certified by
the owner.”
Comments:
A. Conformed with paragraph (4) of this bill that amends subsection C103.1
of the International Energy Conservation Code.
B. State Justification: Standard administrative code language.
(25) Subsections R103.3.2 and R103.3.3 of the International Energy Conservation Code
are deleted in their entirety.
“[R103.3.2 Previous approvals. This code shall not require changes in the
construction documents, construction or designated occupancy of a structure for
which a lawful permit has been heretofore issued or otherwise lawfully authorized,
and the construction of which has been pursued in good faith within 180 days after
the effective date of this code and has not been abandoned.
R103.3.3 Phased approval. The code official shall have the authority to issue a
permit for the construction of part of an energy conservation system before the
construction documents for the entire system have been submitted or approved,
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provided adequate information and detailed statements have been filed complying
with all pertinent requirements of this code. The holders of such permit shall proceed
at their own risk without assurance that the permit for the entire energy conservation
system will be granted.]”
Comment:
These are administrative provisions that are already addressed elsewhere in the
code.
See: Kauai County §12-6.4(26), KCC.
(26) Subsection R401.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“R401.2 Compliance. Projects shall comply with one of the following:
1. Sections [R401.1] R401.3 through R404.
2. Section R405 and the provisions of Sections R401 through R404 labeled
“Mandatory.”
3. An energy rating index (ERI) approach in Section R406.
4. The tropical zone requirements in Section R401.2.1.”
Comment:
State Justification: The amendment provides clarifying language on the options
available to the code user and specifically references the Tropical zone
requirements as an option.
See: State ECC at §3-181-17, HAR.
(27) Subsection R401.2.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“R401.2.1 Tropical zone. Residential buildings in the tropical zone at elevations
below 2,400 feet (731.5 m) above sea level shall be deemed to comply with this
chapter where the following conditions are met:
1. Not more than one-half of the [occupied space] dwelling unit area is air
conditioned.
Comments:
Hawai‘i County’s version is consistent with the version adopted by the State. See:
State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR.
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2. The [occupied space] dwelling unit is not heated.
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version is consistent with the version adopted by
the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR, §12-6.4(31), KCC, and
§16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC.
B. State Justification: Occupied space is changed to dwelling unit
because occupied space includes all buildings within a project e.g.
an unconditioned garage that would be considered out of the scope
of this code provision. Dwelling unit is a more appropriate term.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR.
3. Solar, wind, or other renewable energy source supplies not less than [80] 90
percent of the energy for service water heating.
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version is consistent with the version adopted by
the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR, §12-6.4(31), KCC, and
§16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC
B. State Justification: Solar water heater systems per §196-6.5 Solar
water heater systems required for new single-family residential
construction Hawai‘i Revised Statutes specified to be consistent
with state legislation.
See: §16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC.
4. Glazing in [conditioned space has a] dwelling units shall have a maximum
solar heat gain coefficient [of less than or equal to 0.40, or has an overhang
with a projection factor equal to or greater than 0.30] as specified in Table
R401.2.1.
Table 401.2.1 Window SHGC Requirements
Projection Factor (pf) of overhang
from base of average window sill* SHGC
< 0.30 0.25
0.30 – 0.49 0.40
0.50 N/A
*Exceptions:
a. North-facing windows with pf > 0.20 are exempt from SHGC requirements.
Overhangs shall extend 2 feet on each side of window or to nearest wall,
whic hever is less.
b. Jalousie windows are exempt from SHGC requirements.
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Comments:
A. State Justification: A SHGC projection factor trade-off is provided
for the vertical fenestration SHGC to account for the shading
effects of overhangs. This provides an energy neutral trade-off.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR.
B. State Justification: Jalousie windows are popular in Hawaii as an
extremely effective means of passively cooling buildings by
reducing or eliminating the need for air conditioning. The SHGC
of the individual jalousie blades can be slightly improved, but only
at great expense and the improved blades would still be far from
code compliant. Given Hawaii’s mild climate, the energy impact
of reducing or eliminating air conditioning may far exceed the
impact of additional heat gain.
5. Skylights in dwelling units shall have a maximum U-factor as specified in
Table R402.1.2.
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the
version adopted by the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR, §12-6.4(31), KCC, and
§16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC.
B. State Justification: No thermal or SHGC requirements for
skylights were included in Tropical Zone requirements. The
skylight provision addition provides a link to the prescriptive
requirements in the 2015 IECC. Installing lower SHGC skylights
will reduce the cooling load in the space and will increase
occupant comfort.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR.
[5]6. Permanently installed lighting is in accordance with Section R404.
Comment:
Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR, §12-6.4(31), KCC, and
§16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC.
[6. The exterior roof surface complies with one of the options in Table C402.3 or
the roof/ceiling has insulation with an R-value of R-15 or greater. If present,
attics above the insulation are vented and attics below the insulation are
unvented.]
7. [Roof surfaces have a minimum slope of 1/4 inch per foot of run. The
finished roof does not have water accumulation areas.]
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The roof/ceiling complies with one of the following options:
A. Comply with one of the roof surface options in Table C402.3 and
install R-13 insulation or greater.
B. Install R-19 insulation or greater.
If present, attics above the insulation are vented and attics below the
insulation are unvented.
Exception: The roof/ceiling assembly is permitted to comply with Section
R407.
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the
version adopted by the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR, §12-6.4(31), KCC, and
§16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC.
B. State Justification: R-13 roof/ceiling insulation with the addition of
a cool roof membrane or R-19 insulation only performs equally
based on analysis. The analysis shows significant savings using
insulation in addition to a cool roof membrane instead of relying
on a cool roof membrane only.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR.
8. Operable fenestration provides ventilation area equal to not less than 14
percent of the floor area in each room. Alternatively, equivalent ventilation is
provided by a ventilation fan.
Comment:
Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR, §12-6.4(31), KCC, and
§16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC.
9. Bedrooms with exterior walls facing two different directions have operable
fenestration on exterior walls facing two different directions.
Comment:
Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by the State and Kauai County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR and §12-6.4(31), KCC.
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10. Interior doors to bedrooms are capable of being secured in the open position.
Comment:
Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR, §12-6.4(31), KCC, and
§16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC.
11. A ceiling fan [or], ceiling fan rough-in, or whole-house fan is provided for
bedrooms and the largest space that is not used as a bedroom.
Comment:
Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by Kauai County.
See: §12-6.4(31), KCC.
12. Walls, floors, and ceilings separating air conditioned spaces from non-air
conditioned spaces shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance with
the requirements in Table R402.4.1.1. Blower door test is optional.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the
version adopted by Maui County.
See: §16.16B.R401.2.1, MCC.
B. State Justification: Air sealing between the air conditioned space
and non-air conditioned space is important to keep the space
conditioning in the areas where it was intended. Sealing up
assemblies between the two spaces will also reduce the possibility of
moisture issues within the framed cavities.
See: State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR.
Comment regarding paragraph (27):
Hawai‘i County’s version intentionally removed the following paragraphs from
State ECC at §3-181-18, HAR:
8. Roof surfaces have a minimum slope of 1/4 inch per foot of run. The
finished roof does not have water accumulation areas.
13. Jalousie windows shall have an air infiltration rate of no more than 1/2
cfm per square foot (6.1 L/s/m2).
14. Walls, floors and ceilings separating air conditioned spaces from non-air
conditioned spaces shall be constructed to limit air leakage in accordance
with the requirements in Table R402.4.1.1.
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(28) Subsection R402.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“R402.1 General (Prescriptive).
The building thermal envelope shall meet the requirements of Sections R402.1.1
through R402.1.5.
Exception: The following low-energy buildings, or portions thereof, separated
from the remainder of the building by building thermal envelope assemblies
complying with this section shall be exempt from the building thermal envelope
provisions of Section R402.
1. Those with a peak design rate of energy usage less than 3.4 Btu/h
(10.7 W/m²) or 1.0 watt/ft² (10.7 W/m²) of floor area for space-
conditioning purposes.
2. [Those that do not contain conditioned space.] Unconditioned space that
does not contain habitable space.
3. Unconditioned dwellings less than 1,100 square feet in size.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this proposed change is consistent with the
version adopted by the State and Maui County, except for Exception 3,
which Hawai‘i County added. Exception 3 allows 1,100 square feet
dwellings to be exempt from the building thermal envelope provisions to
support affordable housing pursuant to section 11-7(b), Hawai‘i County
Code.
See: State ECC at §3-181-19, HAR and §16.16B.R402.1, MCC.
B. State Justification:
The amended language ensures that habitable space, even if
unconditioned, will be covered by the provisions of the energy code to
increase occupant comfort and reduce the possibility of installing air
conditioning in the future.
See: State ECC at §3-181-19, HAR.
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(29) TABLE R402.1.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is deleted in its
entirety and replaced with the following:
“TABLE R402.1.2
INSULATION AND FENESTRATION REQUIREMENTS BY COMPONENTa
CLIMATE
ZONE
FENESTRATION
U-FACTORb
SKYLIGHT
U-FACTOR
b
GLAZED
FENESTRATION
SHGC b, c, g
CEILING
R-VALUE
d
WOOD
FRAME
WALL
R-VALUE d
MASS
WALL
R-VALUE
e, f
FLOOR
R-VALUE
BASEMENT
WALL
R-VALUE
SLAB
R-
VALUE
& DEPTH
CRAWL
SPACE
WALL
R-VALUE
1
NR
0.75
0.25
30
13
3/4
0
0
0
0
For SI: 1 foot= 304.8 mm
a. R-values are minimums. U-factors and SHGC are maximums. When insulation is installed in a cavity which is less than the label or design
thickness of the insulation, the installed R-value of the insulation shall not be less than the R-value specified in the table.
b. The fenestration U-factor column excludes skylights. The SHGC column applies to all glazed fenestration. Exception: Skylights may be
excluded from glazed fenestration SHGC requirements in climate zones 1 through 3 where the SHGC for such skylights does not exceed
0.30.
c. Exception: If fenestration have overhangs with projection factors, the maximum solar heat gain coefficient shall be as specified in Table
R401.2.1.
d. R402.2 allows use of R407.
e. The second R-value applies when more than half the insulation is on the interior of the mass wall.
f. Exception: R-value for mass walls are not required if: mass walls have a covering with reflectance of 0.64; mass walls have overhangs
with a projection factor equal to or greater than 0.3. CMU or similar mass walls are 6 inches or greater in thickness.
g. Exception: Jalousie windows are exempt from SHGC requirements.”
Comment:
Hawai‘i County’s version makes the following changes:
A. Revised table to include only climate zone 1 requirements.
B. Reduces the Floor R-Value reduced to zero to reflect Hawai‘i’s climate.
C. Adds note “c” to allow overhang projection factors to allow exceptions to
the glazed fenestration SHGC.
D. Adds notes “e” and “f” because the previous version of the Energy Code
did not have R-Value for mass walls. By not having this exemption mass
walls will need to add another wall or layer to achieve the R-3/4 value.
This would increase the overall floor area or reduce the usable interior
floor area of the structure and increase cost of mass wall construction.
E. Adds note “g” because jalousie windows are popular in Hawai‘i as an
extremely effective means of passively cooling buildings by reducing or
eliminating the need for air conditioning. The SHGC of the individual
jalousie blades can be slightly improved, but only at great expense and the
improved blades would still be far from code compliance. Given
Hawai‘i’s mild climate, the energy impact of reducing or eliminating air
conditioning may far exceed the impact of additional heat gain.
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(30) Subsection R402.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“R402.2 Specific insulation requirements (Prescriptive).
In addition to the requirements of Section R402.1, insulation shall meet the specific
requirements of Sections R402.2.1 through R402.2.13.
Exception: Above-grade walls and ceilings shall be permitted to comply with
Section R407.”
Comment:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this amendment is consistent with the version
adopted by the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-20, HAR, §12-6.4(36), KCC, and
§16.16B.R402.2, MCC.
B. State Justification: The addition of a Points Option (see Section R407)
provides energy neutral trade-offs allowing efficiencies in the wall system
to be traded-off with increased efficiency levels in other parts of the
building. This will allow a prescriptive trade-off for continuous insulation
in metal framed walls to be traded off with reflective paint on the walls or
shading the walls with an overhang. Full analysis and background
information is contained in the “Analyses and Proposal of Hawaii
amendments to the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code.”
See: State ECC at §3-181-20, HAR.
(31) Subsection R402.2.5 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“R402.2.5 Mass walls. Mass walls for the purposes of this chapter shall be
considered above-grade walls of concrete block, concrete, insulated concrete form
(ICF), masonry cavity, brick (other than brick veneer), earth (adobe, compressed
earth block, rammed earth) and solid timber/logs, or any other walls having a heat
capacity greater than or equal to 6 Btu/ft2 x °F (123 kJ/m2 x K).
Exception: Insulation or R-value for mass walls, indicated in Table R402.1.2, is
not required when at least one of the following conditions is met:
1. Walls have a cover
2. Walls have overhangs with a projection factor equal to or greater than 0.3.
The projection factor is the horizontal distance from the surface of the wall
to the farthest most point of the overhang divided by the vertical distance
from the first floor level to the bottom most point of the overhang.
3. Concrete, CMU, and similar mass walls are 6 inches or greater in
thickness.”
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Comments:
A. State ECC Justification: Modeling analysis shows that R-13 is the most
impactful level of insulation for buildings and that removing continuous
insulation on steel frame walls does not significantly impact whole
building energy use. Adding shading to the wall system with a projection
factor of at least 0.3 eliminates the need for continuous insulation in
exterior wall systems resulting in an energy equivalent installation. In a
tropical climate, the impact of wall insulation is diminished for
commercial buildings with more importance placed on roof insulation and
window solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC). Envelope trade-offs for
residential construction can be extrapolated to commercial construction
for wall systems allowing the trade-off for a projection factor on wall
systems to work for both residential and commercial buildings.
Adding reflective coatings on wall systems is also an effective trade-off for
continuous insulation in residential exterior wall systems. As with the
projection factor, this trade-off can be transferred to commercial
buildings as an energy neutral trade-off. A reflective coating trade-off for
continuous insulation is appropriate for commercial wall systems by
providing an energy neutral trade-off. The full analysis is contained in the
“Analyses and proposal of Hawaii amendments to the 2015 International
Energy Conservation Code,” dated May 2016.
See: State ECC at §3-181-9, HAR.
B. The addition of exception 3 will reduce the footprint of the structure when
using mass wall, which will reduce construction costs.
(32) Subsection R402.3.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“R402.3.2 Glazed fenestration SHGC. Fenestration shall have a maximum solar
heat gain coefficient as specified in Table R402.1.2. An area-weighted average of
fenestration products more than 50-percent glazed shall be permitted to satisfy the
SHGC requirements.
Exceptions:
1. Jalousie windows are exempt from SHGC requirements.
2. If fenestration have overhangs with projection factors, the maximum solar
heat gain coefficient shall be as specified in Table R401.2.1.
Dynamic glazing shall be permitted to satisfy the SHGC requirements of Table
R402.1.2 provided the ratio of the higher to lower labeled SHGC is greater than or
equal to 2.4, and the dynamic glazing is automatically controlled to modulate the
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amount of solar gain into the space in multiple steps. Dynamic glazing shall be
considered separately from other fenestration, and area-weighted averaging with
other fenestration that is not dynamic glazing shall not be permitted.
Exception: Dynamic glazing is not required to comply with this section when
both the lower and higher labeled SHGC already comply with the
requirements of Table R402.1.2.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this proposed change is consistent with the
version adopted by the State and Maui County, except for the additional
Exceptions which Hawai‘i County added.
See: State ECC at §3-181-21, HAR and §16.16B.R402.3.2, MCC
B. State Justification: Jalousie windows are popular in Hawaii as an
extremely effective means of passively cooling buildings by reducing or
eliminating the need for air conditioning. The SHGC of the individual
jalousie blades can be slightly improved, but only at great expense and the
improved blades would still be far from code compliance. Given Hawaii’s
mild climate, the energy impact of reducing or eliminating air
conditioning may far exceed the impact of additional heat gain.
C. State Justification: The added language links the allowance for an area
weighted average SHGC with the specific SHGC requirement in Section
R402.3.2. This change will clarify the requirement.
See: State ECC at §3-181-21, HAR.
D. Exception 2 was added to allow overhang projection factors to allow
exceptions to the glazed fenestration SHGC.
(33) Subsection R402.4.1.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“R402.4.1.2 Testing. The building or dwelling unit [shall] may be tested and verified
as having an air leakage rate not exceeding five air changes per hour in Climate
Zones 1 and 2, and three air changes per hour in Climate Zones 3 through 8. Testing
shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM E 779 or ASTM E 1827 and reported at
a pressure of 0.2 inch w.g. (50 Pascals). [Where required by the code official, testing
shall be conducted by an approved third party. A written report of the results of the
test shall be signed by the party conducting the test and provided to the code official.]
Testing shall be performed at any time after creation of all penetrations of the
building thermal envelope.
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During testing:
1. Exterior windows and doors, fireplace and stove doors shall be closed, but not
sealed, beyond the intended weatherstripping or other infiltration control
measures.
2. Dampers including exhaust, intake, makeup air, backdraft and flue dampers
shall be closed, but not sealed beyond intended infiltration control measures.
3. Interior doors, if installed at the time of the test, shall be open.
4. Exterior doors for continuous ventilation systems and heat recovery
ventilators shall be closed and sealed.
5. Heating and cooling systems, if installed at the time of the test, shall be turned
off.
6. Supply and return registers, if installed at the time of the test, shall be fully
open.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by Maui County.
See: §16.16B.R402.4.1.2, MCC.
B. Maui Justification: Due to concerns relating to timeliness, added costs,
and availability of a certified contractor, this “blower door test” is being
made optional instead of mandatory. The registered design professional
may require this on behalf of the owner.
See: §16.16B.R402.4.1.2, MCC.
(34) A new subsection R403.5.5 is added to the International Energy Conservation Code
to read as follows:
“R403.5.5 Solar water heating. Solar water heating systems are required for new
single-family residential construction pursuant to section 196-6.5, Hawai‘i Revised
Statutes.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-22, HAR, §12-6.4(38), KCC, and
§16.16B.R403.5.5, MCC.
B. State Justification: Solar systems per HRS 196-6.5 are specified to be
consistent with state legislation.
See: State ECC at §3-181-22, HAR.
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(35) A new subsection R404.2 is added to the International Energy Conservation Code to
read as follows:
“R404.2 Ceiling Fans. A ceiling fan, ceiling fan rough-in, or whole house fan may
be provided for bedrooms and the largest space that is not used as a bedroom.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by Kauai County.
See: §12-6.4(40), KCC.
B. State Justification: The effect of ceiling fans can be significant in
increasing thermal comfort for the occupants of the space. Ceiling fans
result in a perceived cooling effect of 5.4°F to 12. 6°F based on fan speed
(air speed of approximately 3.3 ft/s to 9.84 ft/s respectively). Ceiling fans,
coupled with the thermal envelope requirements will reduce the need to
cool the space with traditional air conditioning. At a minimum, the ceiling
fan rough-in would allow the homeowner to easily install a ceiling fan
after the house is occupied. The cost of the installation would include only
the cost of the fan and installation. Without the rough-in the cost would
include providing power to the fan location in addition to support for the
fan which could be a barrier to installing fans in the house.
See State ECC at §3-181-23, HAR.
(36) A new subsection R404.3 is added to the International Energy Conservation Code to
read as follows:
“R404.3 Electrical vehicle charger power. An electrical rough-in of a 30 amp
circuit for future electrical vehicle charger may be installed in garage/carport area.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by Kauai County. See: §12-6.4(39), KCC.
B. Maui Justification: Provides low cost option for future installation of an
electric vehicle charger.
See §16.16B.R404.3, MCC.
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(37) TABLE 405.5.2(1) of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“TABLE R405.5.2(1)
SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE STANDARD REFERENCE AND
PROPOSED DESIGNS
BUILDING
COMPONENT STANDARD REFERENCE DESIGN PROPOSED
DESIGN
Above-grade walls
Type: mass wall if proposed wall is mass; otherwise
wood frame As proposed
Gross area: same as proposed As proposed
U-factor: as specified in Table R402.1.4 As proposed
Solar absorptance = 0.75 As proposed
Emittance = 0.90 As proposed
Basement and crawl
space walls
Type: same as proposed As proposed
Gross area: same as proposed As proposed
U-factor: from Table R402.1.4, with insulation layer on
interior side of walls As proposed
Above-grade floors
Type: wood frame As proposed
Gross area: same as proposed As proposed
U-factor: as specified in Table R402.1.4 As proposed
Ceilings
Type: wood frame As proposed
Gross area: same as proposed As proposed
U-factor: as specified in Table R402.1.4 As proposed
Roofs
Type: composition shingle on wood sheathing As proposed
Gross area: same as proposed As proposed
Solar absorptance = 0.75 As proposed
Emittance = 0.90 As proposed
Attics Type: vented with aperture = 1 ft2 per 300 ft2 ceiling
area As proposed
Foundations
Type: same as proposed As proposed
Foundation wall area above and below grade and soil
characteristics: same as proposed As proposed
Opaque doors
Area: 40 ft2 As proposed
Orientation: North As proposed
U-factor: same as fenestration from Table R402.1.4 As proposed
Vertical fenestration
other than opaque doors
Total areah =
(a) The proposed glazing area, where the proposed
glazing area is less than 15 percent of the
conditioned floor area
(b) 15 percent of the conditioned floor area, where the
proposed glazing area is 15 percent or more of the
conditioned floor area
As proposed
Orientation: equally distributed to four cardinal
compass orientations (N, E, S & W). As proposed
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U-factor: as specified in Table R402.1.4 As proposed
SHGC: as specified in Table R402.1.2 except that for
climates with no requirement (NR) SHGC = 0.40 shall
be used.
As proposed
Interior shade fraction: 0.92 - (0.21 × SHGC for the
standard reference design)
0.92 - (0.21 ×
SHGC as
proposed)
External shading: none As proposed
Skylights None As proposed
Thermally isolated
sunrooms None As proposed
Air exchange rate
Air leakage rate of 5 air changes per hour in climate
zones 1 and 2, and 3 air changes per hour in climate
zones 3 through 8 at a pressure of 0.2 inches w.g (50
Pa). The mechanical ventilation rate shall be in addition
to the air leakage rate and the same as in the proposed
design, but no greater than 0.01 × CFA + 7.5 × (Nbr + 1)
where:
CFA = conditioned floor area
Nbr = number of bedrooms
Energy recovery shall not be assumed for mechanical
ventilation.
For residences that
are not tested, the
same air leakage
rate as the standard
reference design.
For tested
residences, the
measured air
exchange ratea.
The mechanical
ventilation rateb
shall be in addition
to the air leakage
rate and shall be as
proposed.
Mechanical ventilation
None, except where mechanical ventilation is specified
by the proposed design, in which case:
Annual vent fan energy use:
kWh/yr = 0.03942 × CFA + 29.565 × (Nbr + 1)
where:
CFA = conditioned floor area
Nbr = number of bedrooms
As proposed
Internal gains IGain = 17,900 + 23.8 × CFA + 4104 × Nbr (Btu/day per
dwelling unit)
Same as standard
reference design
Internal mass An internal mass for furniture and contents of 8 pounds
per square foot of floor area
Same as standard
reference design,
plus any additional
mass specifically
designed as a
thermal storage
elementc but not
integral to the
building envelope
or structure.
Structural mass For masonry floor slabs, 80 percent of floor area
covered by R-2 carpet and pad, and 20 percent of floor As proposed
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directly exposed to room air.
For masonry basement walls, as proposed, but with
insulation required by Table R402.1.4 located on the
interior side of the walls
As proposed
For other walls, for ceilings, floors, and interior walls,
wood frame construction As proposed
Heating systemsd, e
[As proposed for other than electric heating without a
heat pump, where the proposed design utilizes electric
heating without a heat pump the standard reference
design shall be an air source heat pump meeting the
requirements of Section C403 of the IECC-Commercial
Provisions.]
Fuel type: same as proposed design.
[As proposed]
As proposed
Efficiencies: As proposed
Electric: Air-source heat pump with prevailing federal
minimum standards.
Nonelectric furnaces: natural gas furnace with
prevailing federal minimum standards.
As proposed
Nonelectric boilers: natural gas boiler with prevailing
federal minimum standards.
As proposed
Capacity: sized in accordance with Section R403.7. As proposed
Cooling systemsd, f
[As proposed]
Fuel type: Electric
Efficiency: in accordance with prevailing federal
minimum standards.
As proposed
Capacity: sized in accordance with Section R403.7. As proposed
Service water heatingd, e,
f, g
[As proposed] [As proposed]
Fuel type: same as proposed design
Efficiency: in accordance with prevailing federal
minimum standards.
As proposed
As proposed
Use: Same as proposed design gal/day = 30 +
(10 × Nbr)
Thermal distribution
systems
Duct insulation: From Section R403.2.1
A thermal distribution system efficiency (DSE) of 0.88
shall be applied to both the heating and cooling system
efficiencies for all systems other than tested duct
systems. For tested duct systems, the leakage rate shall
be 4 cfm (113.3 L/min) per 100 ft2 (9.29 m2) of
conditioned floor area at a pressure of differential of 0.1
inches w.g. (25 Pa).
As tested or as
specified in Table
R405.5.2(2) if not
tested. Duct
insulation shall be
as proposed.
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Thermostat Type: Manual, cooling temperature setpoint = 75°F;
Heating temperature setpoint = 72°F
Same as standard
reference
For SI: 1 square foot = 0.93 m2, 1 British thermal unit = 1055 J, 1 pound per square foot = 4.88 kg/m2, 1 gallon
(US) = 3.785 L, °C = (°F-32)/1.8, 1 degree = 0.79 rad.
a. Where required by the code official, testing shall be conducted by an approved party. Hourly calculations
as specified in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, or the equivalent shall be used to determine the
energy loads resulting from infiltration.
b. The combined air exchange rate for infiltration and mechanical ventilation shall be determined in
accordance with Equation 43 of 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, page 26.24 and the “Whole-
house Ventilation” provisions of 2001 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, page 26.19 for intermittent
mechanical ventilation.
c. Thermal storage element shall mean a component not part of the floors, walls or ceilings that is part of a
passive solar system, and that provides thermal storage such as enclosed water columns, rock beds, or
phase-change containers. A thermal storage element must be in the same room as fenestration that faces
within 15 degrees (0.26 rad) of true south, or must be connected to such a room with pipes or ducts that
allow the element to be actively charged.
d. For a proposed design with multiple heating, cooling or water heating systems using different fuel types,
the applicable standard reference design system capacities and fuel types shall be weighted in accordance
with their respective loads as calculated by accepted engineering practice for each equipment and fuel type
present.
e. For a proposed design without a proposed heating system, a heating system with the prevailing federal
minimum efficiency shall be assumed for both the standard reference design and proposed design.
f. For a proposed design home without a proposed cooling system, an electric air conditioner with the
prevailing federal minimum efficiency shall be assumed for both the standard reference design and the
proposed design.
g. For a proposed design with a nonstorage-type water heater, a 40-gallon storage-type water heater with the
prevailing federal minimum energy factor for the same fuel as the predominant heating fuel type shall be
assumed. For the case of a proposed design without a proposed water heater, a 40-gallon storage-type
water heater with the prevailing federal minimum efficiency for the same fuel as the predominant heating
fuel type shall be assumed for both the proposed design and standard reference design.
h. For residences with conditioned basements, R-2 and R-4 residences and townhouses, the following formula
shall be used to determine glazing area:
AF = As × FA × F
where:
AF = Total glazing area
As = Standard reference design total glazing area.
FA = (Above-grade thermal boundary gross wall area)/(above-grade boundary wall area + 0.5 × below-
grade boundary wall area).
F = (Above-grade thermal boundary wall area)/(above-grade thermal boundary wall area + common wall
area) or 0.56, whichever is greater.
and where:
Thermal boundary wall is any wall that separates conditioned space from unconditioned space or ambient
conditions.
Above-grade thermal boundary wall is any thermal boundary wall component not in contact with soil.
Below-grade boundary wall is any thermal boundary wall in soil contact.
Common wall area is the area of walls shared with an adjoining dwelling unit.
L and CFA are in the same units.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by the State and Kauai County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-24, HAR, and §12-6.4(41), KC.
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B. State Justification: Energy neutral trade-offs are proposed by including
the ability to trade-off high efficiency heating, cooling and water heating
system efficiencies with building envelope features.
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(38) A new section R407 is added to the International Energy Conservation Code to read
as follows:
“SECTION R407
POINTS OPTION
R407.1 General (Prescriptive). Above-grade walls and roofs are permitted to
comply with the points option as an alternative to complying with Sections R401.2.1
and R402.2.
R407.2 Requirements. One or more efficiency measures shall be selected for roof
and above-grade wall systems from Table R407.1 that cumulatively equal or exceed 0
(zero) points. As an alternative, above-grade walls and roofs are permitted to comply
separately by scoring 0 (zero) or greater.
TABLE R407.1
POINTS OPTION
Walls Standard Home
Points
Tropical
Home Points
Wood Framed
R-13 Cavity Wall Insulation 0 1
R-19 Roof Insulation -1 0
R-19 Roof Insulation + Cool roof membrane1 or
Radiant Barrier3
0 1
R-19 Roof Insulation + Attic Venting2 0 1
R-30 Roof Insulation 0 1
R-13 Wall Insulation + high reflectance walls4 1 2
R-13 Wall Insulation + 90% high efficacy lighting and
Energy Star Appliances5
1 2
R-13 Wall Insulation + exterior shading wpf=0.36 1 2
Ductless Air Conditioner7 1 1
1.071 X Federal Minimum SEER for Air Conditioner 1 1
1.142 X Federal Minimum SEER for Air Conditioner 2 2
No air conditioning installed Not Applicable 2
2 1 1
2 -1 -1
Energy Star Fans8 1 1
Install 1 kW or greater of solar electric 1 1
Metal Framed
R-13 +R 3 Wall Insulation 0 1
R-13 cavity Wall Insulation + R-0 -1 0
R-13 Wall Insulation + high reflectance walls4 0 1
R-13 Wall Insulation + 90% high efficacy lighting and
Energy Star Appliances5
1 2
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Walls Standard Home
Points
Tropical
Home Points
R-13 Wall Insulation + exterior shading wpf=0.36 0 1
R-30 Roof Insulation 0 1
R-19 Roof Insulation -1 0
R-19 + Cool roof membrane1 or Radiant Barrier3 0 1
R-19 Roof Insulation + Attic Venting2 0 1
Ductless Air Conditioner7 1 1
1.071 X Federal Minimum SEER for Air Conditioner 1 1
1.142 X Federal Minimum SEER for Air Conditioner 2 2
No air conditioning installed Not Applicable 2
House floor are 2 1 1
2 -1 -1
Energy Star Fans7 1 1
Install 1 kW or greater of solar electric 1 1
1 Cool roof with three-year aged solar reflectance of 0.55 and 3-year aged thermal emittance of 0.75 or 3-year
aged solar reflectance index of 64.
2 One cfm/ft2 attic venting.
3 Radiant barrier shall have an emissivity of no greater than 0.05 as tested in accordance with ASTM E-408. The
radiant barrier shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
4
5 Energy Star rated appliances include refrigerators, dishwashers, and clothes washers and must be installed for
the Certificate of Occupancy
6 The wall projection factor is equal to the horizontal distance from the surface of the wall to the farthest most
point of the overhang divided by the vertical distance from the first floor level to the bottom most point of the
overhang.
7 All air conditioning systems in the house must be ductless to qualify for this credit.
8 Install ceiling fans in all bedrooms and the largest space that is not used as a bedroom.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by the State and Kauai County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-25, HAR, and §12-6.4(42), KC.
B. State Justification: The Points Option provides energy neutral trade-offs
for different building assembly types. A prescriptive format was selected to
increase the usability of the compliance approach. Energy analysis and
research was done to determine the point allowances for each feature. All
of the features are given +/- 1 point with the exception of high efficiency
cooling equipment which is either given one (1) or two (2) points based on
the SEER rating. The options that are included in the code reflected trade-
offs from earlier versions of the Hawai‘i code e.g. eliminating continuous
insulation for metal framed walls by using reflective paint or high SEER
cooling equipment as a trade-off for continuous insulation.
See: State ECC at §3-181-25, HAR.
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(39) Subsection R501.4 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“R501.4 Compliance. Alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy to, or
relocation of, existing buildings and structures shall comply with the provisions and
regulations for alterations, repairs, additions and changes of occupancy or relocation,
[respectively, in the International Residential Code, International Building Code,
International Fire Code, International Fuel Gas Code, International Mechanical
Code, International Plumbing Code, International Property Maintenance Code,
International Private Sewage Disposal Code and NFPA 70] as adopted by the
authorities having jurisdiction.”
Comments:
A. Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version
adopted by the State, Kauai County, and Maui County.
See: State ECC at §3-181-26, HAR, §12-6.4(43), KCC, and
§16.16B.R501.4, MCC.
B. State Justification: The proposed amendment strikes language requiring
existing building projects to comply with the suite of International codes
when these codes may not have been adopted by the local jurisdiction. This
amendment is consistent with Hawai‘i Revised Statutes 107-25.
See: State ECC at §3-181-26, HAR.
(40) Subsection R503.1.1 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to
read as follows:
“R.503.1.1 Building envelope. Building envelope assemblies that are part of the
alteration shall comply with Section R402.1.2 or R402.1.4, Sections R402.2.1
through R402.2.13, R402.3.1, R402.3.2, R402.4.3 and R402.4.4.
Exception: The following alterations need not comply with the requirements for
new construction provided the energy use of the building is not increased:
1. Storm windows installed over existing fenestration.
2. Existing ceiling, wall or floor cavities exposed during construction
provided that these cavities are filled with insulation.
3. Construction where the existing roof, wall or floor cavity is not exposed.
4. Roof recover.
5. [Roofs without insulation in the cavity and where the sheathing or
insulation is exposed during reroofing shall be insulated either above or
below the sheathing.] Roof replacement of uninsulated roofs which
include at least one of the following:
a. Energy Star compliant roof covering;
b. Radiant barrier; or
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c. Attic ventilation via solar attic fans or ridge ventilation or gable
ventilation.
6. Surface-applied window film installed on existing single pane fenestration
assemblies to reduce solar heat gain provided the code does not require the
glazing or fenestration assembly to be replaced.”
Comment:
State Justification (per Maui County):
The Roofing Contractors of Hawaii reported that the 2015 IECC code
requirement for insulating existing roofs would double the cost. This amendment
provides an alternative compliance path which addresses the cost issue.
See: §16.16B.R503.1.1, MCC.
(41) Subsection R503.2 of the International Energy Conservation Code is amended to read
as follows:
“R503.2 Change in space conditioning.
Any nonconditioned or low-energy space that is altered to become conditioned space
shall be required to be brought into full compliance with this code.
Exception: Where the simulated performance option in Section R405 is used to
comply with this section, the annual energy cost of the proposed design is
permitted to be 110 percent of the annual energy cost otherwise allowed by
Section R405.3.
Comment:
Hawai‘i County’s version of this addition is consistent with the version adopted
by Kauai County. See: §12-6.4(45), KCC.
SECTION 3. Severability. If any provision of this ordinance, or the application thereof to
any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or
applications of the ordinance which can be given effect without the invalid provision or
application, and to this end the provisions of this ordinance are severable.
SECTION 4. Work performed under a permit issued before the effective date of this
ordinance and which is inspected on or after the effective date shall be approved if it meets the
requirements of either this code or the code being replaced by this ordinance.
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SECTION 5. This ordinance shall apply to all applications for permits to be issued
pursuant to chapters 5, 9, and 17, Hawai‘i County Code, that are deemed complete by the
Department of Public Works on or after the effective date of this ordinance. An application
accepted before the effective date shall be approvable if it meets the requirements of either this
ordinance or the code being replaced by this ordinance.
SECTION 6. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval, but nothing in this
ordinance shall be construed to prohibit any person from complying with the provisions of this
article and any amendments thereto adopted prior to the enactment of this ordinance.