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HomeMy WebLinkAboutKCDP Final - 2008 (As amended 2019).�Ow'919,. MON i "' WA MAPPING KONXs FUTURE I rag OW -4 Kona Community Development flan Volume 1 September 2008 FINAL (As Amended) Its IW. /1IM I ■l RAM KONA GDP 8 GUIDING PRINCIPLES 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. 3. Provide housing choices. 4. Provide recreation opportunities. 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. 8. Promote effective governance. Cover: "Map of the Island of Hawaii" Hawaii Territory Survey, Walter E. Wall, Surveyor, December 1928. Provided by the Kona Historical Society. COUNTY OF HAWAII -wee.- STATE OF HAWAII BILL NO. 87 (DRAFT 3) ORDINANCE NO. 19 91 AN ORDINANCE AMENDING THE KONA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN, AS ADOPTED BY ORDINANCE NO. 08-131. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE COUNTY OF HAWAII: SECTION 1. Purpose. The purpose of this ordinance is to adopt the "Amendment Package" attached as Exhibit A to amend the Kona Community Development Plan, as adopted by Ordinance No. 08-131. These amendments address language that has hindered development in specific locations, and language that commits the County to actions or performances beyond the authority or scope of the Plan. These amendments arise from the Missler Case (No. CAAP-13- 0002347) and its findings about the Plan's mandatory language. SECTION 2. Adoption. Pursuant to Chapter 16 of the Hawaii County Code, and pursuant to Section 15.1 of the General Plan, and pursuant to Section 2 of Ordinance 80-131, Ordinance _ amends the Kona Community Development Plan, as indicated in Ramseyer format in Exhibit A attached to this ordinance hereafter referred to as the "Amendment Package". Amendments contained in the Amendment Package correspond to Chapter 4 and the Implementation Matrix (tables) of Chapter 5.3 of the Kona Community Development Plan and are indicated by Ramseyer format whereby material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken through, and material to be added is underscored. SECTION 3. In printing the Kona Community Development Plan, as amended, the brackets, bracketed material, and underscoring need not be included; the table of contents, header/footer, and page numbers shall be updated to correspond with the adopted amendment; the month and year of adoption of this ordinance shall supplant the existing provisions for such, in all instances' the title page shall indicate the original adopting ordinance, the ordinance enacting previously adopted amendments and the ordinance enacting these amendments; and the document shall be printed using a standard font (e.g.. Times New Roman). SECTION 4. Severability. If any provision of this ordinance or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the ordinance which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end, the provisions of this ordinance are declared to be severable. SECTION 5. Effective Date. This ordinance shall take effect upon its approval. INT UCED BY: Y N /R,/ Y iv� COUNCIL MEMBER, COUNTY OF HAWAII Hilo , Hawai`i Date of Introduction: August 7, 2019 Date of 1 st Reading: August 7, 2019 Date of 2nd Reading: September 4, 2019 Effective Date: September 18, 2019 REFERENCE Comm. 352.18 2 OFFICE OF THE COUNTY CLERK County of Hawaii Hilo, Hawaii Introduced By: Ashley L. Kierkiewicz (B/R) Date Introduced: August 7, 2019 First Reading: August 7, 2019 Published: August 17, 2019 REMARKS: Postponed: August 21, 2019 Second Reading: September 4, 2019 To Mayor: September 12, 2019 Returned: September 18, 2019 Effective: September 18, 2019 Published: September 28, 2019 REMARKS: (Draft 2) 181' SEP 18 PM 2. 02 ROLL CALL VOTE AYES NOES ABS EX Chung X David X Eoff X Kaneali`i-Kleinfelder X Kierkiewicz X Lee Loy X Poindexter X Richards X Villegas X 9 0 0 0 (T)raft 3) ROLL CALL VOTE AYES NOES ABS EX Chung X David X Eoff X Kaneali`i-Kleinfelder X Kierkiewicz X Lee Loy X Poindexter X Richards X Villegas X 9 0 0 0 I DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the foregoing BILL was adopted by the County Council published as indicated above. prove Disapproved this iI11, Of— �-s ep WM {ate 20 I �1 A MAYO , CO UN'lY F I AI7 COUNCIL CHAIRPERS day COUNTY CLERK Bill No.: 87 (Draft 3) Reference: C-352.18/PC-27 Ord No.: 19 91 Volume 1 - Mapping the Future Kona Community Development Plan The County of Hawaii General Plan section 15.1 (February 2005, as amended) calls for the preparation of community development plans "to translate the broad General Plan statements to specific actions as they apply to specific geographical areas." The General Plan requires CDPs be adopted as an "ordinance", giving the plans force of law. This is a long term plan with a planning horizon to year 2020, consistent with the General Plan. The plan consists of two volumes—Volume 1 is adopted by County Council; Volume II contains more detailed or technical material for informational purposes. An electronic version of the plan is available for download at http://hawaiiislandplan.com/ On behalf of present and future generations of Kona Prepared for: County of Hawaii Planning Department Prepared by: Wilson Okamoto Corporation September 2008 FINAL (Adopted September 25, 2008 by Ordinance No. 08-131. Amended September 18, 2019 by Ordinance No. 19-91) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Steering Committee Planning Commission Ken Melrose, Chair Andrew Iwashita Chrystal Yamasaki, Vice Chair Rodney Watanabe Roger P. Dilts (resigned) Alvin Rho JoAnn Farnsworth Shelly Ogata Maralyn (Marni) Herkes Lani Bowman Thomas Hickox C. Kimo Alameda Kate Jacobson Rene Siracusa Gretchen Lawson Takashi Domingo Lydia Mahi Rell Woodward Stacie Mandaguit Michael Matsukawa County of Hawaii Staff Janice Palma-Glennie Planning Department Edward J. Rapoza Christopher Yuen, Director J. Curtis Tyler, I I I Susan Gagorik, Planner Anne Irene Wilcox (resigned) Nancy Pisicchio, CDP Liaison Louise Winn, Recorder Working Groups Office of the Mayor Roy Takemoto, Assistant to the Mayor Agriculture Department of Research & Development Cultural Resources Jane Testa, Director Energy Steven McPeek Environment Flooding and Natural Hazards Consultants Government Wilson Okamoto Corporation (prime consultant) Housing Earl Matsukawa, AICP Land Use Planning Tracy Fukuda Public Facilities and Programs ACP Planning & Visioning (public outreach) Recreation Gianni Longo Transportation Jamie Green Environmental Simulation Center (land use scenarios) County Council Michael Kwartler, FAIA Brenda Ford Paul Patnode Stacy Higa The Conservation Fund (green infrastructure) Pete Hoffman William Allen Donald Ikeda David Paul Rosen & Associates (housing) Bob Jacobson David Paul Rosen, Ph.D. Emily Naeole Angel Pilago Website: Dominic Yagong htto:Hhawaiiislandolan.com/ J. Yoshimoto TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Planning Area...................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Purpose of this Plan.........................................................................................................1-1 1.3 Planning Process..............................................................................................................1-3 2. KONA TODAY..............................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Unique or Valued Characteristics.....................................................................................2-1 2.2 Growth Patterns and Trends.............................................................................................2-6 3. VISUALIZING KONA TOMORROW.............................................................................................3-1 3.1 Vision Statement..............................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Guiding Principles.............................................................................................................3-1 3.3 Consistency with Sustainable and Smart Growth Principles.............................................3-3 3.3.1 Smart Growth......................................................................................................3-3 3.3.2 Sustainability.......................................................................................................3-4 4. GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS....................................................................4-1 4.1 Transportation..................................................................................................................4-3 4.1.1 Existing Conditions..............................................................................................4-3 4.1.2 Overall Strategy...................................................................................................4-5 4.1.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions...............................................................4-6 4.2 Land Use........................................................................................................................ 4-27 4.2.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................4-27 4.2.2 Overall Strategy.................................................................................................4-31 4.2.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions...........................................................4-34 4.3 Environmental Resources...............................................................................................4-49 4.3.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................4-49 4.3.2 Overall Strategy.................................................................................................4-50 4.3.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions...........................................................4-52 4.4 Cultural Resources.........................................................................................................4-69 4.4.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................4-72 4.4.2 Overall Strategy.................................................................................................4-74 4.4.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions...........................................................4-75 4.5 Housing..........................................................................................................................4-79 4.5.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................4-79 4.5.2 Overall Strategy.................................................................................................4-81 4.5.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions.............................................................4-87 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure, and Services.................................................................4-94 4.6.1 Existing Conditions............................................................................................4-94 4.6.2 Overall Strategy.................................................................................................4-95 4.6.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions...........................................................4-95 KONA CDP / TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page 4.7 Energy ..........................................................................................................................4-115 4.7.1 Existing Conditions..........................................................................................4-115 4.7.2 Overall Strategy...............................................................................................4-115 4.7.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions...........................................................4-116 4.8 Economic Development................................................................................................4-118 4.8.1 Existing Conditions..........................................................................................4-118 4.8.2 Overall Strategy...............................................................................................4-121 4.8.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions........................................................... 4-123 5. ACTION PLAN..............................................................................................................................5-1 5.1 Financing Plan..................................................................................................................5-1 5.1.1 Scope of the Financing Plan................................................................................5-1 5.1.2 Funding List.........................................................................................................5-2 5.1.3 Financing Districts Map.......................................................................................5-5 5.2 Implementation.................................................................................................................5-5 5.2.1 Organizational Structure and Membership..........................................................5-6 5.2.2 Duties.................................................................................................................. 5-6 5.2.3 Annual and Comprehensive Review....................................................................5-7 5.3 Implementation Matrix......................................................................................................5-8 6. MONITORING PLAN.....................................................................................................................6-1 7. GLOSSARY..................................................................................................................................7-1 8. REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................8-1 List of Tables Table2-1 Population Growth............................................................................................................ 2-7 Table 4-1 Concurrency Roadway Description Table.......................................................................4-23 Table 4-2 Total Housing Units, County of Hawaii, 1990 - 2006 .....................................................4-79 Table 4-3: 2006 Affordable Income Guidelines................................................................................4-83 Table 4-4: Affordable Sales and Rent Guidelines for County of Hawai`i..........................................4-84 Table4-5 Housing Credit................................................................................................................4-90 KONA CDP Figure 1-1 Figure 2-1 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2a Figure 4-2b Figure 4-2c Figure 4-2d Figure 4-3 Figure 4-4 Figure 4-5 Figure 4-6 Figure 4-7 Figure 4-8a Figure 4-8b Figure 4-8c Figure 4-8d Figure 4-9: Figure 4-10a Figure 4-10b Figure 4-10c TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Page List of Figures KonaCDP Planning Area.................................................................................................1-2 RainfallMap......................................................................................................................2-3 Existing Major Streets – Ownership and Functional Classification...................................4-4 Official Transportation Network Map: Proposed Roads and Transit Facilities .................4-9 Official Transportation Network Map: Bike and Pedestrian Paths..................................4-11 Official Transportation Network Map: Kahalu`u Area......................................................4-13 Official Transportation Network Map: Nani Kailua Area..................................................4-14 ConcurrencyMap...........................................................................................................4-25 County of Hawaii General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide...............................4-28 GeneralizedLUPAG.......................................................................................................4-29 GeneralizedZoning........................................................................................................4-30 Official Kona Land Use Map...........................................................................................4-36 Environmental Resources Map: Kona Mauka Watershed Area......................................4-53 Environmental Resources Map: Native Vegetation........................................................4-59 Environmental Resources Map: Native Plants & Animals...............................................4-61 Environmental Resources Map: Other Resources..........................................................4-63 Traditional Uses Concept Map.......................................................................................4-70 Official Public Facilities and Services Map – Public Safety.............................................4-98 Official Public Facilities and Services Map – Community Facilities .............................. 4-100 Official Public Facilities and Services Map –Waste Management...............................4-102 Attachments A. Official Metadata B. Village Design Guidelines C. Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines VOLUME 2—Background Information 1. Public Involvement Summary: Process and Results, ACP -Visioning & Planning, Ltd. and The Environmental Simulation Center, November 23, 2006 2. Working Groups Objectives & Actions, ACP -Visioning & Planning, Ltd., December 12, 2006 3. Demographic Characteristics of North & South Kona, Wilson Okamoto Corporation, January 2007 Kona Regional Profile, Wilson Okamoto Corporation, January 2007 Land Use Strategies, The Environmental Simulation Center, July 2007 Green Infrastructure Technical Report, The Conservation Fund, February 28, 2007 Kona Affordable Housing Economic Analysis, David Paul Rosen & Associates, October 23, 2006 Grey Infrastructure Report, Wilson Okamoto Corporation, March 2007 KONA CDP //I TABLE OF CONTENTS This page intentionally left blank. [V KONA CDP INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I 1. NTRODUGTION 1.1 PLANNING AREA 1 _ View of Kona from the Outrigger Keauhou Hotel. The Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) encompasses the judicial districts of North and South Kona, hereafter referred to as Kona (see Figure 1 Planning Area). The 800 square miles of land area, which comprises the North and South Kona districts, accounts for approximately 20% of the total land area of the Island of Hawaii. Located on the leeward side of the Island of Hawaii, Kona has an ideal climate. It has attracted an influx of new residents and experienced tremendous growth. The population has more than doubled during the past 25 years, driven by resort development and the second -home residential market. As a result of this rapid growth rate, we must plan better to deal with traffic congestion, affordable housing, and open space. Residents taking part in the planning process repeatedly voiced these needs. Kona is the first community development plan to commence under the framework of the February 2005 County of Hawaii General Plan. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THIS PLAN The purposes of the Kona CDP are: ■ Articulate Kona's residents' vision for the planning area; ■ Guide regional development in accordance with that vision, accommodating future growth while preserving valued assets; ■ Provide a feasible infrastructure financing plan to improve existing deficiencies and proactively support the needs of future growth; ■ Direct growth to appropriate areas; ■ Create a plan of action where government and the people work in partnership to improve the quality of life in Kona for those who live, work, and visit; ■ Provide a framework for monitoring the progress and effectiveness of the plan and to make changes and update it, if necessary. KONA CDP 1-1 CHAPTER I Figure 1-1 Kona CDP Planning Area Hawi Mahukona i �h\1 ;fie 1 �ryHonokaa ' Paauilo waihae Wpime Laupahoehoe SOUL WaikoloaHakalau r.�NORT"HH ILO..} whole Kailua Keauhou INTRODUCTION Pepeekeo 9' Hilo TO4. Keaau. Mt. View Pahoa PUNA ,� UTH Naalehu Kalapana 12 KONA CDP INTRODUCTION 1.3 PLANNING PROCESS The Hawaii County Planning Department recognized that only with broad public input can the Kona residents take ownership of this plan, by which they may embrace the vision and commit to a better future. Initiated in September 2005, this plan is the result of an extensive public process discussed below. 1. Steering Committee. The Hawaii County Mayor and the Hawaii County Council appointed 15 citizens to serve on the Kona CDP Steering Committee, representing a cross-section of the Kona community. The Committee was given the responsibilities of helping guide the process and representing public priorities. 2. Public Meetings. Several large community meetings were held: a. Kick -Off Meetings. Two public meetings, one in North Kona and the other in South Kona, were held in September 2005 to introduce the consultant team and explain the planning process. b. Small Group Meetings. In recognition that the process needs to go to the people, meetings were held at people's homes, churches, and community centers. More intimate settings and smaller groups allowed freer interaction for people not inclined to speak before large groups. One hundred and nine meetings were held throughout Kona from November 2005 through January 2006. All these meetings received input from a balanced demographic and geographic representation of the North and South Kona Districts. Over 800 residents participated in the individual meetings generating 3,496 ideas. These ideas were sorted into 18 categories, shown at right. c. Mapping the Future Workshop. On February 18, 2006, 350 people attended this workshop to brainstorm where future growth should occur. Breakout groups also addressed critical questions such as housing choice and affordability, agriculture, transportation and land use, CHAPTER I Kick -Off Meetings September 2005 Draft Kona CDP May 2008 Number of Ideas and Percentages Small Group Meetings 511 Nov. 2005 — Jan. 2006 iN 118 LU (� 0 Mapping the Future 9 0 February 2006 Vehicular 252 a Charrettes V March 2006 and June 2006 J m Working Group Meetings 10.1% July 2006— Sept. 2006 332 Agriculture Social Issues Energy 9.4% Environment Flooding/Natural Hazards Culture Housing 10.2% Land Use 242 Public Facilities & Economic Prosperity Programming 5.5% Recreation 188 Transportation Draft Kona CDP May 2008 Number of Ideas and Percentages Transportation 511 14.6% Alternative 118 3.4% Public 141 4.0% Vehicular 252 7.2% Government and Governance 354 10.1% Planning 332 9.5% Social Issues 327 9.4% Environment & Culture 358 10.2% Infrastructure 242 6.9% Economic Prosperity 191 5.5% Public Facilities 188 5.4% Housing 186 5.3% Land Use 178 5.1% Community Character 178 5.1% Education 152 4.3% Parks, Recreation, and Open Space 126 3.6% Agriculture 98 2.8% Energy 69 2.0% KONA CDP 13 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION congestion, parks/recreation/open space, protection of the environment, hazard mitigation, and protection of ancestral and historic sites, community character, retail, and tourism. d. Charrettes. A charrette is a "working" public meeting where technical experts sit with the public and work together on maps and images. There were two charrettes, the first held in March 2006 and the other in June 2006. In the first charrette, the public identified alternative growth scenarios and selected a preferred scenario. In the second charrette, the public articulated desired principles to provide details for a preferred scenario. e. Working Groups. Eleven working groups made up of citizens and community stakeholders met monthly, from July 2006 — September 2006, to focus in more detail on specific issue areas. The working group developed goals, objectives, and policies for agriculture, cultural resources, energy, environment, flooding and natural hazards, government, housing, land use, public facilities and programs, recreation, and transportation. Each of the working groups focused on one of the above topics. For a more detailed documentation of the planning process, see Public Involvement Summary: Process and Results in Volume II. r l� O'a FZ! F Mapping the Future Workshop, February 2006. First meeting of the 109 small group meetings. Sotero Agoot 1-4 KONA CDP KONA TODA Y 2. KONA TODAY 2.1 UNIQUE OR VALUED CHARACTERISTICS -� �M,'II'��ltll i,a:u'u '1'1111 Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historic Park. When people say "Keep Kona, Kona", they mean many things: CHAPTER 2 Preserving rich cultural features. In ancient Hawaii, Kona was the most densely populated area in the Hawaiian Islands (about 20,000 inhabitants at its peak). Kona was also a favorite area of residence for Hawai`i's chiefs. Ancient Hawaiian life was based around the ahupua'a, a section of the land that extended from the mountain to the sea. Settlement generally occurred in three main zones: the narrow and coastal strip consisting of small fishing villages near the shore, particularly around fishponds and bays; the barren middle zone comprised of lava fields, which supported temporary use, including natural caves used by travelers between the coast and uplands; and the agricultural uplands, which supported scattered settlements where dryland taro and sweet potatoes were extensively cultivated, along with other crops. Today's challenge is to respect and appreciate this past while learning the ancestor's lessons of living sustainably with the land. Preserving Kona coffee, rural villages, and lifestyle. World renowned "Kona Coffee" is the signature product of Kona. Initially introduced to Hawaii in the early 1800's, coffee thrives in the rich volcanic soils and unique climate of Kona on the sheltered leeward slopes of Mauna Loa and Hualalai, roughly between the elevations of 700 to 2,000 feet, along a 15 -mile long "coffee belt" extending from Kailua to Honaunau. The history of Kona coffee has been preserved with efforts such as the Kona Heritage Corridor. Historically, rural villages evolved in support of the agricultural lifestyle, and they are valued by the residents of Kona today as a link with their past and path to their future. This lifestyle persists through today's thriving coffee industry and is valued by visitors to the Kona area who help to support the growth of diversified agriculture. KONA CDP 2-1 CHAPTER 2 Kealakekua Bay. KONA TODA Y ■ Preserving the diverse coastlines, protected nearshore waters, open space, and vast untouched upland landscapes. Kona includes astonishing contrasts, ranging from near -barren lava fields, to coastal coconut groves, to dense native `ohi`a forests. The sunny, leeward climate has fostered an outdoor lifestyle epitomized by well-known events held in Kona – such as the International Ironman Triathlon, Hawaiian International Billfish Tournament, and numerous canoe regattas. In order to plan for a sustainable future, the following unique characteristics of Kona's ecosystem need to be considered: ■ Rainfall pattern. The massive domes of Mauna Loa and Hualalai shelter the Kona Coast from the predominant trade winds. In the absence of trade winds, light sea -land breezes prevail—the heating of the land during the day causes light winds to blow in from the sea, and the cooling of the land at night causes light winds to flow from the land to the sea. The sea breezes converge with trade winds that have passed through the Humu'ula Saddle and around the upper slopes of Mauna Loa, producing frequent afternoon showers over the island's interior sections and mountain slopes. This afternoon rainfall contrasts with the weather of the windward side of the island where rain most often falls near midnight. The rainfall pattern in Kona is common during the summer trade wind season, making Kona unique in the State in having its highest annual rainfall during the summer. The rainfall map reflects the sea -land breeze pattern (see Figure 2-1). Rainfall increases from the shoreline going mauka, reaching a peak between about 2,000 feet and 2,500 feet in elevation, where 60 – 80 inches can fall annually in some areas. Above this band, annual rainfall progressively declines to approximately 20 inches near the summits of Hualalai and Mauna Loa. Steep topography with undefined drainageways. Erosion has only slightly altered the lava -formed landscape of Kona. There are no perennial streams. Most rainfall, except in heavy storms, percolates rapidly into porous lava. There are recognized drainageways, but they are shallow and not well defined. Consequently, heavy localized rainfall can easily exceed the capacity of the shallow drainageways resulting in flooding of adjoining areas. Moreover, even relatively slight changes in topography through grading and other land -disturbing activities can affect the capacity of drainage courses or change the direction of flows. Areas that have not previously experienced flooding could flood during even short periods of high rainfall. The predominantly steep topography of Kona causes runoff to flow quickly, resulting in short response times to potentially rapid flooding. 2-2 KONA CDP KONA TODA Y Figure 2-1 Rainfall Map Mahukona Kailua Keauhou Kealakeki Kawaihae Mt. View CHAPTER 2 Pahoa / Kapoho Legend Rainfall 0 60" to 80" (approx.) Up to 10" (approx.) 0 80" + (approx.) 10" to 20" (approx.) 80" to 120" (approx.) 0 Up to 20" (approx.) - 120" + (approx.) 20" to 30" (approx.) 120" to 160" (approx.) Up to 30" (approx.) - 160"+ (approx.) 30" to 40" (approx.) - 160" to 200" (approx.) 0 40" to 60" (approx.) 200" to 240" (approx.) Up to 60" (approx.) 0 240" + (approx.) Source: Hawaii Statewide GIS Program KONA CDP 2-3 CHAPTER 2 KONA TODA Y Groundwater. On the Island of Hawaii, groundwater is the primary source of drinking water. In Kona, groundwater occurs as both basal groundwater' and high-level groundwater2. The basal lens in Kona is relatively thin and inconsistent due to the low rainfall input and the lack of a geological "plug" that could slow the leakage of the groundwater at the coastline.3 Consequently, wells drawing from basal groundwater in Kona are susceptible to salinity if they are drilled too deep or if they are over -pumped. In the 1990's, exploratory wells drilled above the 1,600 -foot elevation encountered high-level groundwater 25 to 460 feet above sea level. Better understanding and protection of the high-level groundwater is important, since it has a significant potential for serving Kona. Three possible geologic structures that could impound high-level water. (A) buried dike complex; (B) buried fault system, (C) buried, massive lava flows. Oki, Delywn, 1999. nn , KAMM ..wn. m• . N\ \ .x• wvs\ � \\�2 T„w.•��!. •'Ixwe1.em:�� KEAUHDU �� owfS 4 I I I •a I •.�nl a �.�. .-. .,.,....... \.. y.,rw KEALAKEKIIA Water level contours in the high-level aquifer. Bauer, Glenn, September 2003. 1 Basal groundwater is freshwater "floating" atop deeper seawater. The freshwater forms a "lens" that extends below sea level in a phenomenon described by the Ghyben-Herzberg Principle. For every foot of fresh water above sea level there are 40 feet below sea level. 2 High -Level ground water refers to potable water sources that are impounded by a relatively impermeable geologic structure such as dikes or clay soils. 3 For example, on 0`ahu, eroded sediment that has accumulated at the coastline is relatively impermeable and holds back the groundwater, enabling a larger lens of water to form. 2-4 KONA CDP KONA TODA Y Native ecosystems. Native forest habitats in Kona still exist as a wet forest band at the mid -slope elevation corresponding to the area of higher rainfall, as well as in pockets of dryland forest. Although all ecosystems have been affected to some degree by human activity and the introduction of alien species, the greatest impact by far has been on the lowland areas. Modification of these ecosystems began with the Native Hawaiians, along with the introduction of non-native species such as feral ungulates, and was accelerated by cattle ranching, agriculture, and urbanization. Where remnants of native dryland forest still exist, they are a rare and precious legacy. The native wet forest remains today as a band of forest providing essential habitat and watershed functions. CHAPTER 2 Anchialine ponds. Anchialine ponds are landlocked brackish bodies of water near the shoreline which rise and fall with the tides, and are federally protected. In the U.S., this habitat exists only in the Hawaiian Islands. Of the 700 known ponds in the Hawaiian Islands, most are on the Island of Hawaii, where anchialine ponds on the west side of the island have a higher diversity of native species than those on the east side. These ponds are home to a unique assemblage of invertebrate and algal species, some of which are known to exist only in this habitat. These unique species migrate through the cracks and crevices in the groundwater table. The anchialine ponds are vulnerable to filling, introduction of exotic species (e.g., guppies, mollies and tilapia), siltation from ground grading activity, from imported soils used for landscaping, as well as groundwater pollution from cesspools, septic systems, fertilizers and pesticides. Some of these same activities also threaten the nearshore coastal waters. Nearshore coastal waters. The leeward coastal waters of Kona, ideal for coral growth and recreational activities, do not have as much flushing action as rougher coastal areas. While some pollutants mixed with the groundwater are filtered by the lava or soil, dissolved nutrients such a nitrates and phosphates from cesspools and septic systems as well as infectious microorganisms may be difficult to remove. Moreover, in Kona, due to the complex and poorly understood Kaloko Fishpond. Hawaiian Images Photography & Video geology of lava tubes and porous rock formations, there is concern that groundwater can flow unfiltered to the ocean. The coastal waters along the Kona coast are classified as "AW marine waters by State Department of Health (DOH) Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 54 "Water Quality Standards." The DOH objective for Class "AA" marine waters is that "these waters remain in their natural pristine state as nearly as possible with an absolute minimum of pollution or alteration of water quality from human- KONA CDP 2-5 CHAPTER 2 KONA TODA Y caused source or actions. To the extent practicable, the wilderness character of these areas shall be protected". Rare, Threatened, Endangered Species. The vast majority of native Hawaiian plants and animals are found nowhere else on Earth. Some of these plants and animals are on the brink of extinction. Kona is home to rare, threatened, and/or endangered plant and animal species such as, but not limited to Hawaii Creeper, Hawaiian Crow (`Alala), Hawaii Hawk (`lo), anchialine pool shrimp, `ahakea, kauila, halapepe, lo`ulu, `aiea, ma`aloa. Some of these species do not live in protected areas. It is important to identify which species inhabit Kona and where they are located. Open Space and Natural Areas. Kona is blessed with open space and natural areas that have the potential for active and passive recreational opportunities, as well as to preserve and conserve sensitive natural systems (native forests, anchialine ponds, floodways, beaches, etc.). Natural Hazards. The coastal areas along Kona are vulnerable to major storms, with the most significant of these being hurricanes. While hurricanes and storm events present the most likely risks, Kona is also vulnerable to earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, droughts, and wildfires. Multi -Hazard Mitigation Plan (February 2005), which identified natural and vulnerability analysis, and addressed mitigation measures. The County prepared the hazards, conducted a risk 2.2 GROWTH PATTERNS AND TRENDS Population growth and composition. There are different ways to show the population growth in Kona (see Table 2-1): Percentage Change. Resident population grew in North Kona by 62% from 1980 to 1990 (3rd in percentage increase behind Puna and South Kohala) and tapered to 28% growth from 1990 to 2000 (4th among the nine districts). This percentage growth increase was nearly twice that of South Kona. Absolute Numerical Change. In terms of absolute numbers, only Puna (19,584) added more residents than North Kona (14,795) in the two decades. Countywide Proportion. In the year 2000, North Kona (19%) ranked second to South Hilo (37%) in terms of percent of population countywide. However, the trend is that North Kona and Puna are increasing their share of the countywide population, while the South Hilo share is declining. 2-6 KONA CDP KONA TODA Y CHAPTER 2 Table 2-1 Population Growth Percent change Numerical Change % of Total 1 -Apr -80 1 -Apr -90 1 -Apr -00 District 1980 to 1990 to 1980 to 1990 to 19880 1990 Chang 1990 2000 1990 2000 Ito 99 2t0 e State 964,691 1,108,229 1,211,537 14.9 9.3 143,538 103,308 Hawai'i County 92,053 120,317 148,677 30.7 23.6 28,264 28,360 Puna 11,751 20,781 31,335 76.8 50.8 9,030 10,554 13% 17% 5% South Hilo 42,278 44,639 47,386 5.6 6.2 2,361 2,747 46% 37% -9% North Hilo 1,679 1,541 1,720 -8.2 11.6 -138 179 2% 1% -1% Hamakua 5,128 5,545 6,108 8.1 10.2 417 563 6% 5% -1% North Kohala 3,249 4,291 6,038 32.1 40.7 1,042 1,747 4% 4% 0% South Kohala 4,607 9,140 13,131 98.4 43.7 4,533 3,991 5% 8% 3% North Kona 13,748 22,284 28,543 62.1 28.1 8,536 6,259 15% 19% 4% South Kona 5,914 7,658 8,589 29.5 12.2 1,744 931 6% 6% 0% Ka`u 3,699 4,438 5,827 20 31.3 739 1,389 1 4% 1 4% 0% So':e: County of Hawai'i General Plan, February 2005 and 2006 County of Hawai'i Data Book KONA CDP 2-7 CHAPTER 2 KONA TODA Y These census figures, available every ten (10) years do not fully capture the exponential growth Kona experienced from 2000 to today. Based on a 2005 estimated population of 31,900 for North Kona and 10,700 for South Kona (totaling 42,600)4, the average annual growth rate from 2000 has been 6% comparable to 6% in the rapid expansion period of 1980 to 19905. Using the middle forecast (Series B), as suggested by the County General Plan (2005), the projected total population for the Kona districts for the year 2020 is 56,367, or 13,800 more residents than the estimated population in 2005 (see Chart 2-1). The population growth in Kona is closely associated with continuing growth of the visitor and agricultural industries. Housing production. Growth in housing units provides a more realistic picture of growth in Kona. In the period of 1990 and 2000 the number of new housing units increased at a rate more than twice the population increase, from 7,947 housing units in 1990 to 13,330 in 2000 (ACP -Visioning & Planning, Ltd. and ESC, November 2006) of which only a small portion was affordable housing for residents. This uneven increase creates greater, disproportionate land consumption and infrastructure needs than reflected by population growth statistics. Chart 2-1 District Resident Population Distribution, Year 2020 70,000- 60,000 0 50,000 40,000 ❑Series B a 30,000 71 a° 20,000 10,000 0 a -\O 1`�0 a�Ia raa raffia District Source: County of Hawai i General Plan, 2005 4 The General Plan, Table 2-2, provides population projections at 5 -year intervals by district. The 2005 projections for North and South Kona were adjusted by the Census population estimate dated July 2005. The Census estimate for the island was 186,836 (2005 Hawaii County Data Book, Table 1.2, which was higher than the island wide GP projections of 159,907, resulting in an adjustment factor of 1.168 (186,836/159,907) 5 Average annual growth rate computed by taking the difference of the end year and the start year, divide by number of years, and divide the quotient by the value of the start year (e.g. for North Kona [(22,284-13,748)/10]/13,748 = 0.06 = 6%) 2-8 KONA CDP VISUALIZING KONA TomoRRow 3. VISUALIZING KONA TOMORROW 3.1 VISION STATEMENT KONA'S FUTURE SHALL BE: CHAPTER 3 Aerial of Kona. Hawaiian Images Photography & Video A more sustainable Kona characterized by a deep respect for the culture and the environment and residents that responsively and responsibly accommodate change through an active and collaborative community. 3.2 GUIDING PRINCIPLES In order to achieve this vision, the following principles, derived from public meetings and working groups, are the foundation for the goals, objectives, policies, and implementation actions. 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. a. Natural resources. The watershed, including coastline, flood plains, important agricultural land, open space, and areas mauka of Mamalahoa Highway shall be protected. Guided by a principle of respect for the land, environment and natural resources shall be preserved and protected to ensure clean air and water, thriving native species, conservation of shorelines and open space, improvements in watershed management and flood control, and reductions in solid waste. "For the benefit of present and future generations, the State and its political subdivisions shall conserve and protect Hawai`i's natural beauty and all natural resources, including land, water, air, minerals and energy sources, and shall promote the development and utilization of these resources in a manner consistent with their conservation and in furtherance of the self-sufficiency of the State. All public natural resources are held in trust by the state for the benefit of the people. The Constitution of the State of Hawaii Article XI pW' T -t -1 7t to r K w 47, � 4 ' Students of Innovation Charter School. Kate Jacobson KONA CDP 3-1 CHAPTER 3 VISUALIZING KONA TomoRRo w Culture. The multi-ethnic culture is preserved, protected, and restored in a manner that perpetuates all aspects of the aloha spirit. 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. Future growth should connect communities with movement alternatives such as sidewalks, trails, and bike lanes. We need an efficient public transportation system for moving people. It should have comfortable and frequent service to key destinations, along prominent commuter routes, and at transfer points that offer connections to alternative modes of transportation. 3. Provide housing choices. Future growth should offer a broad range of mixed housing choices with a variety of types and price ranges that are affordable and available in close proximity to places of work. They should also accommodate populations with special needs, including seniors, disabled persons, and the homeless. 4. Provide recreation opportunities. Future growth should provide a diversity of recreational opportunities that are well-maintained, attractive, and easily accessible to the entire community. 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. a. Compact villages. The majority of future growth should be directed north of Kailua, with some future growth in the Kailua to Keauhou area, in the form of compact villages that offer increased density and mixture of homes, shops, and places to work. b. Rural character of Kona. Density in South Kona should be kept low, and its character should remain rural, with most future growth directed around existing villages and towns. C. Community character. Diversity, history, and the host culture are celebrated in neighborhoods and communities that incorporate beautification, architectural continuity, and respect for the natural environment, in order to maintain Kona's character and its Hawaii Island style. 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. Future growth should occur where infrastructure (roads and utilities) and essential facilities (i.e. police, fire, and schools) are already in place. These facilities should be maintained at a level that will enhance the quality of life for Kona residents. 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. a. Agriculture. Agricultural lands should be preserved in a manner that supports family farms, ecotourism, and a self-sufficient agricultural economy that encourages the local use of Hawaii products. 3-2 KONA CDP VISUALIZING KONA TomoRRow CHAPTER 3 Sustainable industries. Diverse and sustainable industries such as ecotourism, agriculture, aquaculture, technology, and health should be enhanced, expanded and marketed to take full advantage of Kona's unique environmental assets and reduce dependence on food and fossil fuel imports. Community collaborations supported in order to meet the needs of businesses, residents and visitors. 8. Promote effective governance: An effective and accountable regional government structure that improves the quality of life for Kona residents should manage the impacts of growth and meet the needs of the Kona community by encouraging cooperation among public, private, and civic partners, ensuring equitable distribution of resources, and instituting policies and regulations in a predictable and consistent manner. "We the people of Hawaii, grateful for Divine Guidance, and mindful of our Hawaiian heritage and uniqueness as an island State, dedicate our efforts to fulfill the philosophy decreed by the Hawaii State motto, Va mau ke ea o ka `aina I ka pono." We reserve the right to control our destiny, to nurture the integrity of our people and culture, and to preserve the quality of life that we desire. We reaffirm our belief in a government of the people, by the people and for the people, and with an understanding and compassionate heart toward all the peoples of the earth, do hereby ordain and establish this constitution for the State of Hawai `F. The Constitution of the State of Hawaii Preamble 3.3 CONSISTENCY WITH SUSTAINABLE AND SMART GROWTH PRINCIPLES These foregoing eight Guiding Principles are consistent with the principles of "smart growth" and "sustainability." 3.3.1 Smart Growth Smart growth refers to the management of growth to make it possible "for communities to grow in ways that support economic development and jobs; create strong neighborhood with a range of housing, commercial, and transportation options; and achieve healthy communities that provide families with a clean environment." 6 The following 10 smart growth principles are incorporated into the Kona CDP's Guiding Principles: 1. Protect and preserve open space, natural beauty, agricultural lands, cultural and environmental resources; 2. Utilize compact building design; 3. Create a range of housing opportunities and choices; 4. Create walkable communities; 6 Smart Growth Network, Getting to Smart Growth: 100 Policies for Implementation, http://smartgrowth.org. KONA CDP 33 CHAPTER 3 VISUALIZING KONA TomoRRo w 5. Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place; 6. Mix land uses; 7. Strengthen and direct development towards existing communities; 8. Provide a variety of transportation choices; 9. Make development decisions predictable, fair and cost effective; and 10. Foster community and stakeholder collaboration in development decisions. 3.3.2 Sustainability The term "sustainability" has special meaning in an island context, where our resources are limited and the consequences of our actions have a more immediate impact. Sustainability in Hawaii means achieving a quality of life that achieves the following goals: It emphasizes respect for the culture, character, communities. It strikes a balance between economic prosperity beauty and history of our state's island social and community well-being, and environmental stewardship. It meets the needs of the present community without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. I The eight Guiding Principles are consistent with this definition and provide the basis for Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions that set forth a sustainable path for Kona. To become a sustainable community requires commitment on all levels—as individuals, households, businesses, communities, and government. We need to do our part in as many ways as we can. The following elaborates the eight Guiding Principles specifically in terms of sustainability principles: Sense of Community. The manner in which we meet our human needs determines the quality of our existence and ability to adapt. Pertinent initiatives include the following: Cultural emphasis. The vision emphasizes the importance of mutually appreciating our respective cultural traditions. b. Affordable housing. The vision affirms that decent affordable housing is needed in Kona. c. Participatory governance. The vision is to create a structure through which Kona residents may meaningfully engage in decision making. Engagement breeds caring and learning, which, in turn, creates the energy and expertise needed to better the community. d. Innovation. The Design Center proposed in Section 4.2 Land Use will hopefully stimulate the exposure of and willingness to try new ideas, thus enabling Kona to become a cutting edge sustainable community. 7 Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan, January 2008. See also, The Natural Step for Communities by S. James and T. Lahti which explains the four conditions of a sustainable society. 3-4 KONA CDP VISUALIZING KONA TomoRRow 2. Interaction with Nature. Only through opportunities to interact with nature can we develop knowledge and respect for natural environment. The vision is to establish an Open Space Network Program (see Section 4.3 Environmental Resources) to guide the provision of such opportunities through subsistence activities (e.g., fishing, diving, hunting, gathering), recreational activities (e.g., swimming, surfing, hiking, camping, biking), and educational activities (e.g., interpretive signage and printed material). Building Standards. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System is the nationally recognized standard for green buildings (see sidebar). The vision supports LEED design of buildings and neighborhoods. LEED embraces all the aforementioned principles—waste reduction, toxics reduction, conservation of resources, and energy efficiency— by recognizing performance in five key areas of human and environmental health: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. LEED certification provides independent, third -party verification that a development's location and design meet accepted high standards for environmentally responsible, sustainable, development. LEED certification recognizes and rewards builders for meeting the highest performance standards, and gives users confidence that their building is durable, healthy, and environmentally friendly. 4. Energy Efficiency. The energy policies aim at reducing greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., conservation measures, renewable energy conversion), reducing energy costs to the CHAPTER 3 Specific LEED programs include: • Homes • Neighborhood Development • New Commercial Construction and Major Renovation projects • Existing Building Operations and Maintenance • Commercial Interiors projects About LEED for Homes LEED for Homes is a voluntary rating system that promotes the design and construction of high performance "green" homes. A green home uses less energy, water, and natural resources; creates less waste, and is healthier and more comfortable for the occupants. About LEED for Neighborhood Development LEED for Neighborhood Development is a collaboration between the U.S. Green Building Council, the Congress for the New Urbanism, and the Natural Resources Defense Council. The LEED for Neighborhood Development Rating System integrates the principles of smart growth and green building into the first national standard for neighborhood design. LEED for Neighborhood Development recognizes development projects that successfully protect and enhance the overall health, natural environment, and quality of life of our communities. The rating system encourages urban smart growth best practices, promoting the design of neighborhoods that reduce vehicle miles traveled and communities where jobs and services are accessible by foot or public transit. This framework can serve as the means of measuring the sustainability of the Kona CDP's Village Design Master Plans. consumer (e.g., net metering, alternatives to driving), and developing a more resilient system, such as reduced dependence on fossil fuel imports, and decentralized distributed energy systems. Although most changes require action by the State, County, or utility company, the vision expresses Kona community's aspirations to do its part. The largest consumer of electricity on the island is the County Department of Water Supply, to pump and distribute water. Therefore, water conservation and leak detection, besides conserving water resources, is also a significant energy conservation measure. 5. Non -degradation. Whether intentionally or inadvertently, we degrade our resources by clearing, introducing invasive species, introducing sediments or chemicals to our water resources through non -point or point sources and depleting our water, soil, fisheries, and other resource consumption activities. To prevent degradation, the vision is to support biodiversity through protection of native KONA CDP 3-5 CHAPTER 3 VISUALIZING KONA TomoRRo w and endangered habitats, controlling pollution at the source and pathways, and rewarding "best practices" of managed resources. 6. Toxic materials red uctionlsubstitution. Through awareness and innovation, the vision is to encourage reducing (or substituting) toxic substances. 7. Zero waste. The concept of zero waste attempts to emulate nature where the "waste" of one thing becomes the food or shelter of another thing in an efficient flow of materials and energy. This means not just recycling and reusing, but also redesigning products and packaging to reduce toxicity and increase recoverability. The vision is to increase the awareness of businesses and households, thus helping them to modify their modes of operation, encourage innovation, and discourage waste. 8. Climate change (global warming). The emission of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, prevents heat from escaping and contributes to global warming. The primary source of carbon dioxide is the burning of fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal). Carbon dioxide is also removed from the atmosphere (or "sequestered") when it is absorbed by plants as part of the biological carbon cycle. The vision is to reduce energy use and convert to renewable sources, as well as to preserve and restore the mauka forests, which are the most significant actions Kona can take to do its part to stem global warming. 3-6 KONA CDP GoALs, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES & ACTIONS CHAPTER 4 4. GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Chapter 4 presents the goals, objectives, policies, and actions of the Kona Community Development Plan (CDP). They are presented as eight elements, including: Transportation Land Use Environmental Resources Cultural Resources Housing Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services 7. Energy 8. Economic Development These elements generally correspond with the thirteen elements of the County of Hawaii General Plan (GP) except that five elements of the GP have been combined in two of the Kona CDP elements. Specifically, the Kona CDP element for Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services combines the GP elements for Public Facilities, Public Utilities and Recreation; and, the Kona CDP element for Environmental Resources combines the GP elements for Environmental Quality, Flooding and Other Natural Hazards, Natural Beauty and Natural Resources and Shoreline. The GP element for Historic Sites is referred to in the Kona CDP as Cultural Resources and the GP element for Economic is referred to as Economic Development. The concepts of sustainability variously addressed in the GP element for Environmental Quality form a part of the overall vision for the Kona CDP, as presented in Chapter 3 Visualizing Kona Tomorrow. Each of the eight Elements in this chapter has eight components, described as follows: 1. Introduction to the Element, discussing its scope, purpose and/or guiding principle(s). A table shows which of the eight guiding principles the Element supports. 2. Existing Conditions, describing the issues, concerns, and/or state of knowledge that are addressed in the Element. 3. Overall Strategy, explaining the major approaches by which the issues and concerns described in Existing Conditions will be addressed. 4. Goal, stating the intended outcome for the Element, as derived from the community outreach phase of the Kona CDP process. 5. Objectives, corresponding to each of the major approaches identified in the Overall Strategy. Each of the objectives in an Element is identified by an alphabetical prefix identifying the element and a sequential numeral. For example, "Objective LU -1" is the first objective in the Land Use Element. KONA CDP 4-1 CHAPTER 4 Policies to guide how each objective will be achieved. The policies that use the word "shall" are mandatory directives to County agencies provided that in the case of any conflict with existing United States or Hawaii State and/or County laws, rules, or regulations particularly any such laws, rules or regulations related to the protection, conservation, maintenance, restoration, and/or preservation of cultural and/or natural resources, the existing Hawaii State and/or County laws, rules and regulations shall prevail. Among the most significant are those presented in Section 4.2 Land Use. These policies may be implemented through land use decisions and development permits issued after the Kona CDP is adopted. Such policies, however, would not be retroactive to prior decision-making and existing zoning. Some mandatory policies require balancing with other policies, particularly those that require county funding. Other policies that use the word "should" are not legally binding as they recommend desired actions especially those affecting agencies over which the plan does not have authority (e.g. State agencies, utilities, non- profits). Each policy is identified by the alpha -numeric code for its corresponding objective, followed by a decimal and its numeric sequence. For example, "Policy TRAN-3.2" is the second policy of the third objective in the Transportation Element. Actions that specify how the policy will be implemented. An action may be a precursor to implementing a policy or may specify what is required or recommended to implement it. The list of actions are meant to be refined during the process of implementation in consideration of available resources, preservation or conservation studies required by Federal and State law, feasibility and impact analysis, and other factors. Thus, these actions are not legally binding but are meant to be implemented in good faith. The Action Committee (AC) shall have the authority to revise the action and report any such revision in the Committee's annual report (see Section 5.2.1). Each action identifies, by acronym (see sidebar), the specific agencies or organizations recommended to implement or GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Acronyms/Abbreviations App. Applicant BUS. Businesses CD Civil Defense COE US Army Corps of Engineers COMM Community-based Organization DATA County Data Systems DBEDT State Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism DEM County Department of Environmental Management DC Design Center DOA State Department of Agriculture DOE State Department of Education DOH Department of Health DOT State Department of Transportation DHHL State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands DLNR State Department of Land & Natural Resources DPW County Department of Public Works DWS County Department of Water Supply Fin. County Finance Department HCCRC Hawai'i County Cultural Resources Commission HELCO Hawai'i Electric and Light Company HHFDC Hawai'i Housing Finance and Development Corporation KCC Kona Chamber of Commerce KCRC Kona Cultural Resources Committee KVBID Kailua Village Business Improvement District KVDC Kailua Village Design Commission Mayor's County Mayor's Office MT County Mass Transit Agency NELHA Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawai'i NPS National Park Service OA County Office of Aging OHCD County Office of Housing and Community Development OSC County Open Space Commission OSP Office of State Planning PATH People's Advocacy for Trails Hawai'i PC County Planning Commission PD County Planning Department PR County Department of Parks & Recreation QLT Queen Lili'uokalani Trust R&D County Research & Development SHPD State Historic Preservation Division State State agency SWCD Soil Water Conservation District TNC The Nature Conservancy UH University of Hawai'i participate in implementing the action. Each action also recommends when the action should be implemented, whether it is on-going, within one to two years, within two to three years, within three to five years or within five to ten years. Each Action is identified by the alpha -numeric code for its corresponding policy, followed by an alphabet sequence. For example, "Action ENV -1.4a" is the first action of the fourth policy of the first objective in the Environmental Resources Element. All of the Actions are summarized in Implementation Matrix in Chapter 5 Action Plan. 4-2 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION Official Maps, are meant to be legally binding provided that infrastructure projects, developments and subsequent actions spatially depicted on these maps comply with cultural and natural resource preservation law and provides opportunity for community input prior to implementation. All other figures in the plan not designated as Official Maps are for information purposes only. Because the Official Maps are created from GIS files, these maps may be printed at any scale with all or selected data layers. The Official Maps distinguish "Policy Layers" from "Information Layers". The Policy Layers are the official information on that map that require an amendment to the plan to add, delete, or relocate records on the map. In cases where infrastructure and developments depicted as official Policy Layers conflict with natural and cultural resource preservation or other elements essential to a community's sense of place; these projects may be realigned or relocated at the informed discretion of the Planning Director'. Changes that improve the accuracy of the map are not considered amendments. The Information Layers provide background and may be changed in any way or removed without a plan amendment. The metadata for the Official Maps specify, at a minimum, the source of the data and explain the attribute features (see Attachment A). The GIS files and metadata shall be housed and maintained by the County of Hawaii Planning Department. 4.1 TRANSPORTATION The Transportation section of the Kona CDP serves as a policy guide for County decisions regarding transportation systems. Its objectives, policies, and actions establish a transportation -oriented basis for future development that is integrated with the Land Use section, as well as the Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services section of the Kona CDP. In addition, it provides guidance for concurrency and connectivity of transportation facilities with future development to ensure that all communities are adequately served. 4.1.1 Existing Conditions Traffic congestion in Kona is bad and grows worse with time. The congestion is fueled by the rapid growth and exacerbated by the road network, land use patterns and dependence on the automobile. Road improvements have not kept pace with development. Poor management of past development has eliminated or compromised future roadway corridor options. Major road Guiding Principles Transportation 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. ✓ 3. Provide housing choices. ✓ 4. Provide recreation opportunities. ✓ 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. ✓ 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. 8. Promote effective governance. ✓ improvements take a long time to complete and limited financial resources have to be prioritized and supplemented by innovative funding sources. Two major north/south roadways, Queen Ka`ahumanu/Kuakini (Highway 19) and Mamalahoa Highway (Highway 190), are well beyond capacity and carry the majority of the north/south traffic through and within Kona. Both State and County share jurisdiction over the roads in Kona (see Figure 4-1) 1 Informed discretion can be any combination of resource or impact studies performed by the developer or appropriate government agency, in conjunction with community input. KONA CDP 4-3 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Figure 4-1 Existing Major Streets — Ownership and Functional Classification Keahole 0 Kailua Keauhou Legend State, Arterial Primary State, Arterial Secondary County, Arterial Primary County, Collector Major County, Collector Minor Miles 0 1 2 4 1 inch equals 2 miles Source: County of Hawaii Kealakekua 4-4 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION Based on State DOT traffic counts, several locations along regional Levels of Services (LOS) is a quantitative transportation facilities in the planning area currently operate at poor and qualitative assessment of traffic operations. LOS are defined by LOS "A" levels of service (COH Planning Department, August 14, 2006). In through "F", LOS "A" representing ideal or general, the following roadway segments operate at Level of Service free-flow traffic operating conditions and LOS "F" unacceptable or potentially (LOS) "D" or worse (COH Planning Department, August 14, 2006): congested traffic operating conditions Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, Keahole to Palani Road Hawaii Belt Road, Palani Road to Kealakekua Palani Road, east of Henry Street and west of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Over the years, new development mauka and makai of the primary arterial highways has occurred without local road connectivity. New developments have been built with no or very little connection to each other. Lacking such connectivity, all traffic funnels to the arterials and conditions have deteriorated to the degree that Kona's residents' quality of life, visitors' regional experience, and overall public safety suffered. Mobility Land Access 4.1.2 Overall Strategy Relationship of Functionally Classified Systems Serving Traffic Mobility and CD CD rt O 6 0 ai or Widening, improving, and extending major arterials, as well as Land Access: Arterials for main movement or distribution emphasize the high level of increasing connectivity between and within existing and future mobility for through movement. Collectors development are necessary to enhance mobility in Kona. Priority offer approximately balanced service for arterial highway projects include widening Queen Ka`ahumanu both functions. Highway between Henry Street and the airport, Kuakini Highway Widening between Henry Street and F" - 4. Kamehameha I I I Road, and the construction of the; Mamalahoa Highway Bypass Road and Kahului- Keauhou Parkway. The proposed Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road) will add capacity to the north -south arterial network, and reduce demands on the existing regional facilities. It would also serve as the central multi -modal corridor serving future regional development. A series of east -west (mauka-makai) collector roads linking the regional north -south - facilities must also be provided for added circulation Traffic congestion along Kuakini Highway. Nancy Pisicchio. and to further reduce the reliance upon the regional facilities. In addition, future urban development must contribute to a well-connected local transportation network that provides for safe, direct, and convenient access for automobile, bicycle, and pedestrian traffic. Local streets include all streets that are not designated as collectors or arterials. Although local streets are not designed for through or heavy traffic, the connectivity of these streets with each other and with collectors is crucial ensuring that residents can easily reach destinations within the community. KONA CDP 4-5 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTI v/ES, TRANSPORTATION POLICIES, AND ACTIONS The design of local streets also plays an important role in affecting traffic speed and choice of travel modes. Narrow local streets tend to slow traffic and are more conducive to pedestrian travel. Narrow local streets also cost less to build and maintain, encourage more efficient land use, and improve neighborhood character. Narrow streets are an efficient way of connecting the local street system without encouraging the use of local streets for through or fast moving traffic. Local streets must be wide enough to accommodate emergency vehicles and provide for on -street parking. Current budget limitations will hinder rapid major investment in public road improvements. But, even if immediate financing and approvals were available to improve roadways, other solutions to Kona's long term traffic woes are necessary. There are several other major strategies that embody the Guiding Principles expressed in Sections 4.3 Land Use, 4.5 Housing, and 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services. They relate to transportation, housing, land use, and infrastructure that needs to be integrated and incorporated into Kona's long-term transportation policies as Kona's population continues to grow in the years ahead. These strategies include the following: 1. Mass Transit. A major expansion of the County's public mass transit service in Kona would provide significant alternatives to individual automobile use. 2. Multi -Modal Transportation. Taking advantage of Kona's consistently mild climate, a network of interconnected bike lanes, trails, and sidewalks within and outside road right-of-ways would provide a healthy and green alternative to automobile use. 3. Transit -Oriented Development (TOD). The development of compact, mixed-use villages which would integrate housing, employment, shopping, and recreation opportunities. Villages would be designed around transit stations/stops which would reduce the need for daily trips and financially support the expanded transit system. 4. Multi -Purpose Design. Beyond getting us from one place to another, our transportation corridors are major public spaces that must safely accommodate uses other than vehicular travel. 5. Safety and Aesthetic Qualities. Safety and aesthetic qualities need to play a larger role in improving existing and designing future roadways, in order to contribute to Kona's quality of life and tourism appeal. 6. Affordable Housing. Affordable housing located near major employment centers would serve to decrease the number of people who fill the roadways commuting long distances to work every day. These housing policies, which recognize their relationship to transportation, are addressed in the Section 4.5: Housing. 4.1.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions Transportation Goal: An efficient, safe, and attractive multi -modal transportation system integrated with land use planning that allows movement around and through Kona with minimal reliance on the automobile. Objective TRAN-1: Transportation and Land Use. To organize growth on a regional level in Kona, growth should be compact and transit -supportive. Compact mixed-use villages along transit routes provide sufficient densities to support transit feasibility and enable people to meet a variety of daily needs within walking distance. 4-6 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION Policy TRAN-1.1: Official Transportation Network Map. The Official Transportation Network Map shall show proposed transit routes, proposed arterials and collectors, and pedestrian/bicycle paths (see Figures 4-2a to 4-2d). This map shall recommend the functional classification of the roadway. The purpose of this map is to show intended interconnections, plan and preserve these corridors, budget public improvements, and provide notice to affected landowners of potential impacts from these projects. As applicable, permit approvals (e.g., rezonings, subdivisions, planned unit developments shall require the dedication of the rights-of-way and/or improvements of proposed roadways shown on the Official Transportation Map which traverse through the applicable project area. When a permitted action occurring along proposed roads depicted on the Official Transportation Network Map requires a TZAR, the extent of dedicated rights of way and/or improvements shall be proportionate to the project's impact. Action TRAN-1.1a: Adopt Official Transportation Network Map. Action TRAN-1.1b: Update the accuracy of the Official Transportation Network Maps with alignment locations as they are determined through preliminary engineering reports or other plans and/or studies (Figures 4-2a and 4-2b) (PD, on-going). Policy TRAN-1.2: Trunk Line. The new Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road) shall function as the trunk transit route connecting Kailua Village with the airport, along which transit -oriented developments (TODs) will be located. As the trunk transit route, there should be future allowance for a dedicated transit -way within the right-of-way. The time interval between vehicles moving in the same direction on the same route should be of the lowest amount (see Figure 4-2a). Subject to consultation with the Mass Transit Agency, developments along this trunk line should, as a condition of approval for rezoning, design roadways to accommodate bus stops and transit stops that are not in the right of way, and set-aside land area for bus transit shelters. Action TRAN-1.2a: Design and construct Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road) in functional sections. 1) Phase I - Palani Road to Kealakehe Parkway a) Design ready (PD, 1-2) b) Construction Ready (DPW, 2-3) c) Construct (DOT, DPW, 3-5) 2) Phase II — Kealakehe Parkway to Hina Lani Street a) Design Ready (PD, 1-2) b) Construction Ready (DPW, 2-3) c) Construct (DPW, 3-5) 3) Phase III — Hina Lani Street to Ka`iminani Drive a) Design Ready (PD, 5-10) b) Construction Ready (DPW, 5-10) c) Construct (DPW, 5-10) 4) Phase IV— Ka`iminani Drive to University Drive a) Design Ready (Private, 1-2) b) Construction Ready (Private, 3-5) c) Construct (Private, 3-5) KONA CDP 4-7 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Policy TRAN-1.3: Spacing of TODs along Trunk Line. Transit -Oriented Development (TOD) Urban Villages should be located a minimum of one mile apart, between major transit stations, along Keohokalole Highway trunk route in order to preserve the transit efficiency of this route. Action TRAN-1.3a: General locations of TODs have been determined by the Official Kona Land Use Map (see Policy LU -2.3 and Figure 4-7). Policy TRAN-1.4: Secondary Transit Route. A secondary transit route should connect Kailua Village with Keauhou and also serve the areas mauka of Queen Ka`ahumanu and Kuakini Highways (see Figure 4-2a). As a secondary transit route, transit could share the vehicular travel lane. Action TRAN-1.4a: Establish bus routes on existing streets along the designated Secondary Transit Route (MT, on-going) Action TRAN-1.4b: Establish bus routes on proposed streets as they are built along the designated Secondary Transit Route (MT, on-going). Action TRAN-1.4c: Provide bus maintenance facility in the Kona Urban Area (UA) to support the expanded bus service (see Figure 4-10c) (MT, 5-10) Policy TRAN-1.5: Frontage Road. A frontage road makai of the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, or, if permitted by DOT, within the 300 -foot wide Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway right-of-way between the airport and Honokohau Harbor should serve as a Secondary Transit Route. It would enable the consolidation of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway vehicular access points for the developments makai of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. Action TRAN-1.5a: Design and construct Frontage Road. 1) Phase I — Airport to Huliko`a Drive a) Coordinate design and intersections with the DOT's Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway widening (PD, DOT, 1-2) b) Coordinate financing with public and private owners (PD, Fin., 1-2) c) Obtain permit approvals (PD, 2-3) 2) Phase II — National Park Service (NPS) Section a) Determine alignment within 300 foot right-of-way or NPS property (PD, NPS, 3-5) 3) Connect to Kuakini Highway extension a) Coordinate financing and construction with DLNR/DHHL and QLT (PD, DPW, DLNRIDHHL, QLT, 3-5) Policy TRAN-1.6: Kailua or Makaeo Village as a Transit Hub. The redevelopment of Kailua should include a plan to create an intra -Kona transportation service, with Kailua Village or Makaeo Village as the "hub" or transit center. Buses would operate from Captain Cook to the Kailua or 4-8 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION Figure 4-2a Official Transportation Network Map: Proposed Roads and Transit Facilities Makalawena Keahole Kallua Keauhou KONA CDP 4-9 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. 4-10 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS Figure 4-2b Official Transportation Network Map: Bike and Pedestrian Paths Kailua Keauhou Q Legend +� Pedestrian -Bike Paths (CDP)* TYPE Lane Path - - - Path -s �D Ped-sw Padtraily�l Shell y, Shoulder Kona Urban Area Rural Town TODS TOD Type 0 Neighborhood Regional center Kealakekua Existing Roadway Policy Layer 0 1 2 4 Miles 1 inch equals 2 miles Source: County of Hawaii The County of Hawaii Planning Department is the repository of the official map. TRANSPORTATION KONA CDP 4-11 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. 4-12 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS Figure 4-2c Official Transportation Network Map: Kahalu`u Area Legend Proposed Roads, Classification* Proposed Transit Line* - -CDP, Local III Trunk —CDP, collector, major =Secondary s CDP, collector, minor Transit Hub* - - GP, arterial Transit Station* — GP, collector, major s GP, collector, minor TOD Type Pedestrian -Bike Paths (CDP)* O Neighborhood TYPE Regional Center - -Lane OKona Urban Area Path ORural Town TODs - -Path-s —Existing Roadway Ped-sw Ped -trail Shared Shoulder * Policy Layer 0 900 1,800 3,600 Feet 1 inch equals 2,000 feet Source: County of Hawaii The County of Hawaii Planning Department is the repository of the official map. ST TRANSPORTATION S1 KONA CDP 4-13 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Figure 4-2d Official Transportation Network Map: Nani Kailua Area �Aq L T ILI' O,Q - ��NR `' S• 6 Legend Proposed Roads, Classification* Proposed Transit Line* CDP, Local III Trunk —CDP, collector, major =Secondary s CDP, collector, minor 15 Transit Hub* GP, arterial GP, collector, major 0 Transit Station* s GP, collector, minor TOD Type Pedestrian -Bike Paths (CDP)* TYPE 0 Neighborhood Lane =Regional Center Path 0 Kona Urban Area* Path -s C3 Rural Town TODs* —Existing Roadway Ped-sw Ped -trail Shared Shoulder * Policy Layer 0 900 1,800 3,600 Feet 1 inch equals 2,000 feet Source: County of Hawaii The County of Hawaii Planning Department is the repository of the official map. LOOP ` NP m O E ST 0 H M PUMENANAT ON1 ONT \ 5 �c �G ALU) 4-14 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION Makaeo Village hub. At the hub, buses would intersect with other routes operating from Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), the frontage road, and other Kona destinations. Transfers for continued travel would be made at this location. Action TRAN-1.6a: Determine the location, design, and function of the major transit hub (MT, PD, 1-2). Action TRAN-1.6b: Determine funding and construction schedule (MT, PD, 2-3). Action TRAN-1.6c: Identify Kailua urban transit routes, including phasing and transfer points (MT, 2-3). Policy TRAN-1.7: Transit Route to Rural Town Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs). The existing rural towns between Honalo and Captain Cook are encouraged to be redeveloped as TODs with Mamalahoa Highway (Highway 190) functioning as a Secondary Transit Route connecting these villages to Kailua or Makaeo Village. Action TRAN-1.7a: Establish a route to Kailua or Makaeo Village with enhanced frequency and in coordination with rural paratransit service (MT, 1-2). Action TRAN-1.7b: Master plan transit stations in coordination with Rural Town redevelopment (MT, PD, 3-5). Also refer to Policy LU -3.1 and Figure 4.3b. Objective TRAN-2 Street Network Connectivity. To develop a system of interconnected roads in Kona that will provide alternative transportation routes that will disperse automobile trips and reduce their length, while not compromising the through functions of arterials and major collectors with excessive intersections. A highly connected transportation system within Kona's Urban Area (UA) serves to do the following: (a) provides safe choices for drivers, bicyclists, and pedestrians; (b) promotes walking and bicycling; (c) connects neighborhoods to each other and to popular destinations, such as schools, parks, shopping, libraries, and post offices, among others; (d) provides opportunities for residents to increase their level of physical activity each day by creating walkable neighborhoods with adequate connections to destinations; (e) reduces vehicle miles traveled and travel time, thus improving air quality and mitigating the effects of auto emissions on the health of residents and the environment; (f) reduces emergency response times; (g) increases effectiveness of municipal service delivery; (h) restores arterial street capacity to better serve regional long-distance travel needs; and (i) provides increased emergency evacuation opportunities. KONA CDP 4-15 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS New development that is not well-connected with existing neighborhoods contributes more cars and creates greater traffic congestion on collector roads. When new development is integrated into existing street patterns, providing additional choices for movement in and out of the neighborhood, new developments can actually increase connectivity within the region. Policy TRAN-2.1: Connectivity Standards. Connectivity refers to the directness of links and the density of connections that make up the transportation network. Within the Kona Urban Area (UA) new development shall contribute to this interconnected transportation network of streets, pedestrian, and bicycle access that work to disperse traffic and connect and integrate new development with the existing fabric of the community. Proposals for new development or redevelopment within Kona's UA should meet the following connectivity standards: 1. Maximum Block Size. In lieu of Hawaii County Code (HCC) Section 23-29(c), the maximum length of blocks for predominantly residential subdivisions shall be 800 feet, unless unfeasible due to natural topography, protected resources, or surrounding development patterns. Connection to Adjoining Development. The road system for new development shall contribute to the local transportation network. To supplement HCC Section 23-40, at a minimum, new subdivisions shall incorporate and continue all collector streets, and selected local streets to adjoining property. If a portion of the stub -out is not improved, the current developer shall improve the stub -out portion, where practicable. Connection to adjoining properties may not be required if seriously constrained by topography or other physical hindrances, or in cases where through travel cannot occur because the property is bounded by development with private streets previously allowed. 3. Gated Entry. In the Kona UA, gates will be prohibited across new roadways identified to connect to the local transportation network, as identified in Figure 4-2a. 4. Cul-de-sacs Discouraged. Cul-de-sacs are discouraged based on Policy TRAN- 2.1 (1) Maximum Block Size and Policy TRAN-2.1 (2) Connection to Adjoining Property unless construction of a through street is found to be impracticable. Future Extensions. Roads serving future transportation interconnectivity will be identified for any proposed subdivision located adjacent to a vacant parcel. Alignment and placement of future extensions and stub -outs shall take into account realignments to proposed roads as a result of resource preservation or other unforeseen obstacles to original road alignments. In the case that impact studies performed for adjacent parcels result in realignment to the proposed roads (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d), future extensions and stub -outs between subdivisions and or parcels shall be collaboratively agreed upon by the developers and appropriate governmental agencies. To supplement HCC Section 23-44, 4-16 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION where necessary to give access to or permit a satisfactory future subdivision of adjoining land, or to conform with the Official Transportation Network Map (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d), a street stub -out or pedestrian path improved to the boundary is required unless financially guaranteed to enable the County to coordinate the stub -out construction as a regional project or in coordination with the development of the adjoining property. Applicants submitting preliminary development plans shall provide for feasible extension of selected local streets to adjoining undeveloped properties and eventual connection with the existing street system. Within phased subdivisions, temporary stub -outs shall be required. Connectivity. In the Kona UA, all new roads that will serve as part of the interconnecting roadway system shall be dedicated to the County. Action TRAN-2.1a: Amend Chapter 23 Subdivision Code to incorporate connectivity standards. Policy TRAN-2.2: Access Management. To preserve the through functions of arterials and major collectors, driveway access along new arterials and major collectors shall be minimized to the greatest extent consistent with the need to provide access to adjoining property. Access to such adjoining properties shall be planned to occur from local streets, and not from the arterial or collector road, whenever possible. On existing arterials and major collectors, the number of access driveways currently permitted should not be increased, and when development is proposed that would increase the usage of an existing driveway access, every effort should be made to eliminate the driveway access in favor of access at an existing or planned intersection. Four-way intersections with arterials and major collectors should be permitted only as shown on the Official Transportation Network Map (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d), in order to preserve the through functions of arterials and major collectors. Action TRAN-2.2a: Update the Official Transportation Network Maps with intersection locations as they are determined through preliminary engineering reports or other plans and/or studies (Figures 4-2a and 4-2b) (PD, on-going). Objective TRAN-3. Multi -Modal System. To develop a multi -modal transportation system to encourage walking, biking, transit, and other non -vehicular modes of travel. A multi -modal system needs to be attractive, safe, comfortable, convenient, accessible, environmentally friendly, and affordable. Such a system would reduce congestion, improve air quality, reduce fuel consumption, and increase healthy activity. Not only would the system enhance the mobility of the elderly and youth, who do not drive, it would also make it possible for residents to divert automobile ownership expenses to other daily needs, such as a homeownership mortgage or insurance. The network could connect pathways within and outside of street rights-of-way. The system should provide convenient transfers between modes of transportation. Policy TRAN-3.1: Street Standards. County street standards should be pedestrian -friendly, safely accommodate bicycles, accessible to the disabled, and appropriate for its surrounding land use context. KONA CDP 4-17 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action TRAN-3.1a: Complete on-going effort to revise County of Hawaii Street Standards (PD, 1-2). ire fl :,„ 1� Bicyclists taking a ride. PATH. 11 Hele-On bus. COH. Policy TRAN-3.2: Public Right -of -Way Maintenance. Recognizing that the County is not currently staffed or equipped to maintain landscaping within street rights -of -ways, a combination of new and existing tools, both public and private, should be developed to implement a landscaping maintenance program. Action TRAN-3.2a: Determine staffing and equipment requirements for landscaping maintenance program (DPW, PD, 1-2). Action TRAN-3.2b: Identify financing tools for maintenance programs through public financing plan (DPW, PD, Fin., 2-3). Action TRAN-3.2c: Implement financing plan for maintenance programs (DPW, PD, Fin., 2-3). Policy TRAN-3.3: Right -of -Way Landscaping. Recognizing that the availability of water should dictate the nature of landscaping within public rights-of-way, lusher landscaping should be provided on streets where reclaimed wastewater will be available for irrigation as noted on the Official Public Facilities and Services Map (see Figure 4-10c), and xeriscape landscaping should be the preference where reclaimed wastewater is not available. Action TRAN-3.3a: Designate the reclaimed wastewater zone on Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map. Action TRAN-3.3b: Establish list of recommended vegetation, in consultation with the Kona Outdoor Circle, as an amendment to the County of Hawaii Street Standards (PD, DPW, 2-3). Policy TRAN-3.4: Retrofit of Existing Streets. To the extent practicable, pedestrian improvements and/or bicycle accommodations should be added to existing public streets when repaving or doing other repair or maintenance work, especially on those streets identified for such multi -modal purposes in the Official Transportation Network Map (see Figure 4-2b). 4-18 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION Action TRAN-3.4a: Identify high priority retrofits and coordinate with DPW (PD, DPW, 2-3). Action TRAN-3.4b: Obtain DPW's repaving and repair project schedule and coordinate retrofits in conjunction with those projects (DPW, PD, 2-3). Policy TRAN-3.5: Safe Routes to Schools. Every public elementary school in Kona should have a Safe Routes to School program. Action TRAN-3.5a: Identify high priority routes in coordination with DOE, DOT and DPW (DPW, DOE, DOT, PATH, 3-5). Policy TRAN-3.6: Multi -Modal Network. The Official Transportation Network Map (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d) shall designate a system of pedestrian and bicycle paths to use as a guide for street design, public improvements, and subdivision improvements. The Action Committee may recommend amendments to the Official Transportation Network map. Action TRAN-3.6a: Designate multi -modal paths (pedestrian and bicycle) (DPW, PD, on-going). Policy TRAN-3.7: Traffic Calming Standards. In order to slow traffic for pedestrian safety or comfort, standards for traffic calming should be included, as part of the County of Hawaii Street Standards. Action TRAN-3.7a: Develop criteria for selecting and determining appropriate traffic calming tools as part of the on-going revision of the County of Hawaii Street Standards (DPW, PD, 2-3). Policy TRAN-3.8: Inter -Modal Connections. To facilitate the transfer between modes of travel: Automobile/Transit and Bike/Transit Transfer. Park and ride facilities are desirable and must be built to ameliorate the traffic congestion in Kona. A transit station or transit hub should be located within each of the TODs, as shown in the Official Transportation Network Map (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d). Park and ride facilities should be provided in the vicinity of the transit station and transit hub. Park and ride facilities should include storage for bicycles. 2. Ground/Air Transfer. The transit and bicycle network shown on the Official Transportation Network Map (Figures 4-2a to 4-2d) should provide connections from major residential areas to the airport. The Kona International Airport's Master Plan should include accommodations for transit and bicycles. 3. Bike/Transit Transfer and Beach Accommodation. To the extent feasible, public transit should have the ability to carry bicycles and surfboards. KONA CDP 4-19 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action TRAN-3.8a: Master plan, design, and construct park and ride facilities (MT, 1-2). Action TRAN-3.8b: Coordinate inter -modal connection with Kona International Airport Master Plan (MT, PD, DOT, on-going). Action TRAN-3.8c: Investigate beach service options (MT, 1-2). Objective TRAN-4 Non -Structural Solutions to Manage Congestion. To manage peak -hour traffic using a diversity of non-structural approaches in order to reduce congestion on Kona roads, while acknowledging that building new roads is only one of many needed solutions. Policy TRAN-4.1: Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Solutions. The County government should educate its community on the value of a rideshare program and provide incentives towards its use; the County should encourage flexible hours among its staff and workers and educate by example; or the County should encourage the community to reach and adopt innovative solutions to transportation demand. The community should recognize all employers in Kona who do their part to either, participate in the County's Rideshare Program, subsidize transit costs for their employees, provide flexible work hours or work -at-home options, or use other innovative programs to reduce reliance on the automobile for work-related trips. Action TRAN4.1a: Implement Rideshare Program for County employees (MT, Mayor's, 2-3). Action TRAN4.1 b: Identify major employers to initiate TDM programs (MT, 2-3). Policy TRAN-4.2: Commuter Transit Service. Express bus commuter routes and schedules should be provided to major employment centers. Action TRAN4.2a: Evaluate work shifts of major employers in relation to existing bus schedules and routes (MT, 1-2). Action TRAN4.2b: Request major employers to contribute toward subsidizing commuter transit service (Businesses, 1-2). Policy TRAN-4.3: Managed Parking. New construction in Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs) should provide parking in accordance with the Village Design Guidelines in Attachment B, which were designed to limit parking as a means of discouraging automobile trips to TODs. The public improvements program, as part of the TOD Master Plan, centralized public parking facilities should be included. Public parking fees should be set low enough to be affordable yet high enough to discourage automobile use. 4-20 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION Action TRAN4.3a: Identify centralized public parking as part of the TOD Village Master Plans (PD, developers, on-going). Action TRAN4.3b: Identify centralized public parking as part of the Kailua Redevelopment Plan (PD, KVBID, on-going). Action TRAN4.3c: Investigate appropriate parking fees (PD, KVBID, 1-2). Objective TRAN-5 Rural Transit. To provide a paratransit system for Kona — with emphasis on mauka areas and South Kona recognizing that a rural population cannot support an urban transit system. Policy TRAN-5.1: Paratransit. An affordable public paratransit system should serve the general public of South Kona (i.e., it should not be restricted by age or disabilities). Action TRAN-5.1a: Establish fares for seniors, disabled, students, and general public. (MT, 1-2) Action TRAN-5.1b: Commence shuttle service using mini -vans and small buses (i.e. Handi-Van) (MT, 1-2). Action TRAN-5.1 c: Modify shared ride taxi program to use coupons for the first nine (9) miles and to allow starting the meter after nine (9) miles (MT, 1-2). Objective TRAN-6 Concurrency. To manage the timing of growth so as to avoid overloading the arterial system. Policy TRAN-6.1: Official Concurrency Map. Concurrency requirements shall be determined by HCC §25-2-46 and be generally consistent with the Official Concurrency Map, and be informed by a TIAR when applicable. Note: while the Concurrency Map is "Official", the proposed road alignments that have not yet been built, are only conceptual as the topography, or possible environmental and cultural resource mitigation measures may require these alignments to be adjusted. Action TRAN-6.1a: Adopt Concurrency Map. "Critical road area" means a geographical area where any of the transportation facilities serving the area have been determined by the Council to be worse than the acceptable level of service. "Area mitigation" consists of improvements which increase the capacity of an arterial or other major road, such as additional lanes, in the general region containing the project, or construction of a new arterial or collector road in the general area containing the project, or improvements to public transportation such as buses or park and ride facilities, sufficient to offset the traffic demand generated by the project. HCC 25-2-46 Zoning Code Policy TRAN-6.2: Prioritized Road Improvements. In order to rectify existing deficiencies and influence the pattern of future growth and new roads, the following are priorities: KONA CDP 4-21 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ■ Kuakini Highway widening (State) ■ Kahului-Keauhou Parkway ■ Mamalahoa Bypass (completed) ■ Keanalehu Street-Manuwale`a Street (completed) ■ Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), Phase I Palani to Kealakehe Parkway (completed) ■ Kamanu Street Extension ■ La`aloa Street Extension (completed) ■ Lako Street Extension ■ Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), Phase II, Kealakehe Parkway to Hina Lani Street (completed) ■ Nani Kailua Street Extension a. Makai section (Kuakini Highway to Alii Drive) b. Mauka section (Hualalai Road to Kuakini Highway) ■ Kealaka`a Street Extension ■ Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), Phase III, Hina Lani Street to Ka`iminani Drive ■ Hienaloli Street Extension ■ University Drive Action TRAN— 6.2a: Develop financing plan for streets according to the priorities listed in Policy TRAN-6.2 (PD, DPW, Fin., 1-2). 4-22 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS TRANSPORTATION Table 4-1 Concurrency Roadway Description Table Concurrency Zone Roadway and ID No. A 4A — Queen Ka`ahumanu Frontage Road (Keahole Road to Huliko`a Drive) 1 — University Drive Extension (Mamalahoa Highway to Keohokalole Highway, a.k.a Mid -Level Road) B 2 — University Drive (Ma`alea Drive to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway) 3A — Main Street (Ka`iminani Drive to University Drive) 6A — Keohokalole Highway, (University Drive to Ka`iminani Drive) 7 — Kealaka`a Street (Kukuna Street to north end) University Village 2 — University Drive (Ma`alea Drive to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway) 3A — Main Street (Ka iminani Drive to University Drive) Kalaoa Village None (infill) Connection between Ka`iminani Drive and Hina Lani Street: 3B or 5B/5A or 5B/6B C 3B — Main Street (Ka`iminani Drive to Hina Lani Street) 5A — Keohokalole Arterial 5B — Keohokalole Highway (Keohokalole Arterial to Hina Lani Street) 6B — Keohokalole Highway (Kapuahi Street to Keohokalole Arterial) D 9A — Kealaka`a Street (Extend Holoholo Street to Hina Lani Street) 5B — Keohokalole Highway (Keohokalole Arterial to Hina Lani Street) Kaloko Makai Village 5C — Keohokalole Highway (Hina Lani Street to Kealakehe Parkway) (completed) 5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street) (completed) E None F 3C - Kamanu Street Extension (to Kealakehe Parkway) Honokohau Village 5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street) continued on next page KONA CDP 4-23 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 4-24 KONA CDP Table 4-1 (continued) Concurrency Table Concurrency Zone Roadway ID No. and Name 5B — Keohokalole Highway (Keohokalole Arterial to Hina Lani Street) G 5C — Keohokalole Highway (Hina Lani Street to Kealakehe Parkway) (completed) 5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street) (completed) Keahuolu Village 5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street) (completed) 18 — Makala Blvd. Extension (mauka or makai of 5D) H 9B — Kealaka`a Street (Hina Lani Street to Kealakehe Parkway) 9C — Kealaka`a Street (Kealakehe Parkway to Hao Kuni Street) 4B— Kuakini Extension Collector (Kealakehe Parkway to Old Airport) Makaeo Village 4B— Kuakini Extension Collector (Kealakehe Parkway to Old Airport) Kailua Village None (infill) Redevelopment Pua`a-Wa`iaha Village 19C — Kakalina Street Extension (Nani Kailua Drive to Puapua`anui Street) Kahului- Puapua`a Village 29 — Puapua`anui Street Extension J 5D- Keohokalole Highway (Kealakehe Parkway to Palani Street) 19A-Kakalina Street Extension (to Puapua`anui Street)) K 19B-Kakalina Street Extension(E. Kakalina Street to 19A) 20 — Hienaloli Street Extension (Palani Street to Keolani Drive) 21 -Connector 4 (Hienaloli Street Ext. to Kakalina St. Ext.) L 30A — Kahului-Keauhou Parkway (Lako Street to Kuakini Highway) 31 — Lako Street Extension 30B — Kahului-Keauhou Parkway (Lako Street to Kamehameha II I Road) M 31 — Lako Street Extension 32 — La`aloa Street Extension (completed) 30B — Kahului-Keauhou Parkway (Lako Street to Kamehameha III Road) Kahalu`u Makai Village 33 — Connector 9 34 — Connector 10 4-24 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES & ACTIONS Figure 4-3 Concurrency Map J; Legend Concurrency Zone* Proposed Roads` A Status - g - Concept Kailua - C - Preliminary D - Final - E TOD - F Neighborhood C Regional Center M Kona Urban Area Rural Town TODe Existing Roadway K K M Policy Layer Miles 0 0.5 1 2 1 inch equals 1 miles Source: County of Hawaii. The County of Hawaii Planning Department is the repository of the official map. Keauhou CP TRANSPORTATION �r KONA CDP 4-25 TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. 4-26 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS LAND USE 4.2 LAND USE The Land Use section of the Kona CDP serves as policy guide for County decisions regarding physical development. It establishes a suggested framework for future growth by identifying the County's major policies concerning the type and location of future development in order to meet the goals and objectives of the Kona CDP. 4.2.1 Existing Conditions The County of Hawaii General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) controls long-term land use pattern in this County. Figure 4-4 shows the LUPAG designations for the Kona area. Figure 4-5 simplifies the LUPAG map to show the areas designated for urban development (High Density Urban, Medium Density Urban, Low Density Urban, Industrial, Resort Node, Resort, and University), urban expansion, rural, and open areas (Important Agricultural, Extensive Agricultural, Orchards, Conservation, and Open). Guiding Principles Land Use 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. ✓ 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. ✓ 3. Provide housing choices. ✓ 4. Provide recreation opportunities. ✓ 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. V 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. V 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. 8. Promote effective governance. ✓ The zoning designation is a more detailed control of land use. The zoning and LUPAG should be consistent. For example, for the LUPAG High Density Urban designation, consistent zoning designations include commercial (CG -commercial general, CV -commercial village), multi -family residential (RM), or mixed-use (RCX). Figure 4-6 shows the areas zoned for urban development. The areas on the LUPAG that are designated for urban development or urban expansion (as shown in Figure 4-6), but not currently zoned for urban development, are potential areas for rezoning. Comparing the LUPAG and zoning maps, the amount of potential land available for rezoning far exceeds the amount of land needed to accommodate future growth projections. This excess could encourage a low- density sprawling growth pattern. In fact, this has been the past trend. Kona experienced a significant increase in land development from the mid -1990's to the present. The rate of land consumption exceeded the rate of housing production. In the period between 1995 and 2005, the amount of developed land increased by 3,582 acres at a rate of over 350 acres annually. Developed land increased at a rate of 9% annually, while population increased at a rate of 2.4% annually, and housing units increased at a rate of 5.5% annually. Land in Kona is being developed at a rate that is nearly 4 times population growth and almost 2 times housing unit growth. KONA CDP 4-27 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Figure 4-4 County of Hawaii General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide LEGEND LUPAG 2005 CLASS - bw con - ea hdu - ial - ind Idu - mdu ® ope - orc - pon ® ren - res rur ue uu Kona CDP Planning Area 0 2 4 8 Miles 1 inch equals 6 miles Source: County of Hawaii and Hawaii Statewide GIS Program 4-28 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Figure 4-5: Generalized LUPAG :_` - 11� / LEGEND Open- Conservation Open- Open Area Open- Important Ag. Lands Open- Extensive Agriculture Open- Orchards Rural - Urban- High Density Urban - Urban- Medium Density Urban - Urban- Low Density Urban - Urban- Industrial Urban- Resort Node Urban- Resort - Urban- University Use Urban Expansion Kona CDP Planning Area 0 2 4 8 Miles 1 inch equals 6 miles Source: County of Hawaii and Hawaii Statewide GIS Program LAND USE {- KONA CDP 4-29 LAND USE Figure 4-6: Generalized Zoning 4 LEGEND 0 (road) FA -1a RM -15 - A -10a - FA -2a - RM -2 - A -la - FA -3a - RM -2.5 - A-2DDa - FA -5a - RM -20 - A -20a FR - RM -3 - A 255 - MCX-1a - RM -3.5 - A -2a - MCX-10 - RM -4 - A -35a - MCX-20 - RM -5 - A -3a - MG -10a - RM -5.5 - A -40a - MG -1a - RM -6 - A-5DDa - MG -20 - RM -7 - A -5a - MG -3a - RM -8 - A 600 - MG -5a - RS -10 - A -7a - ML -10 - RS -15 - A -8000a - ML -1a - RS -20 - A -80a - ML -20 - RS -5a - A -8a - ML -3a - RS -7.5 - A -900a NP - V-.75 - APD OPEN - V-1 - CDH - PD - V-1.0 - CG -10 - RA -.5a - V-1.25 - CG -20 - RA -1a - V-1.5 - CG -7.5 - RA -2a - V-1.75 - CN -10 - RCX-10 - V-2 - CN -20 - RCX-2 - V-2.0 - CN -40 - RD -3.75 - V-2.25 _ CN -7.5 - RM -.75 - V-25 - CV -10 - RM -1 - V -2a - CV -15 - RM -1.25 - V-4 - CV -1a - RM -1.5 - V-6.0 - CV -20 - RM -10 - V-7 - CV -7.5 - RM -14.5 Kona CDP Planning Area 0 2 4 8 Miles 1 inch equals 6 miles Source: County of Hawaii and Hawaii Statewide GIS Program CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS M, 4-30 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS LAND USE These land use trends are helping to define Kona's land use policies and strategies: ■ Competing Values for Coastal Land. As a limited and valuable resource in Kona, policies need to balance competing opportunities for environmental protection, economic development, and public open space. ■ Affordable Housing. The quality of the neighborhoods, and housing stock within them, are key indicators of a high quality of life. The insufficient and aging housing stock, and increasing demands for alternative housing types, will continue to be important trends influencing policies. ■ Mixed -Use Developments. There is a growing demand for development that is mixed-use, well- designed, walkable, and higher density. These developments are an important opportunity for redevelopment, infill, and new developments in strategic areas ■ Public -Private Partnership. The lack of public infrastructure, coupled with the desire to maintain healthy neighborhoods and business areas, support the need for the County to work with the private sector in the land development process. Growth and change in Kona will be the result of public and private partnerships. ■ Emphasis on Redevelopment. To preserve open space, existing developments are expected to be infilled and redeveloped. ■ Emphasis on Rural Character and Agriculture. There is a long-standing need to protect the rural lifestyle of Kona, which includes mauka Villages and surrounding agricultural lands and open space. Related trends can also be found in the Section 4.5 Housing. 4.2.2 Overall Strategy The current application of State and County land use regulations is not necessarily an integrated approach. The preference to encourage future urban and rural growth to occur in the form of compact, village -style development was a very strong message from the public meetings. The Kona CDP provides an integration mechanism as a means to avoid the current trend toward sprawling lot -density developments, disconnected subdivisions and business centers, and a general decline in the quality of life that people believe reflects the "Kona Way of Life." The overall land use strategy is to proactively implement public policy through a regional framework for growth. While respecting landowner entitlements, this framework provides additional direction so that individual planning decisions are made as part of a larger, integrated program for achieving an efficient growth pattern, optimizing investment in services and infrastructure, protecting the natural environment and cultural resources, and creating opportunities to enhance the quality of life for Kona's residents. Such a framework provides greater certainty and predictability for the community, government, and private sector, allowing all three to participate in a synchronized move towards a mutually planned future. KONA CDP 4-31 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This section, as defined in 4.0 Goals, Objectives, Policies and Actions, do not override or invalidate existing zoning. These policies, however, may be implemented through a combination of changes of zone, time extensions on existing zoning requiring County Council action, state land use boundary amendments, Special Management Area (SMA) permits, and/or approved project districts (HCC 25-6-40) when applicable. Variances to subdivision standards and requirements may be applied for in accordance with the standards and procedures set forth in the Subdivision Code. Establishment of priorities for the investment of public resources for new infrastructure and services will be linked to the regional land use framework to the extent practicable. The regional land use framework, restated from the Guiding Principles (Section 3.2) is as follows: Urban Area. Most of the future growth in Kona will be directed to an Urban Area (UA) defined in the Official Kona Land Use Map (Figure 4-7). Within this Kona Urban Area, growth would be directed to compact villages located along proposed transit routes or to infill areas within, or adjacent to, existing development. The general locations of these villages are within the Growth Opportunity Areas (GOAs) identified during the public meetings that evolved into the Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs). Rural Area. Outside of the Kona Urban Area, the character of the rural areas should prevail. This means that limited future growth should be directed to the existing rural towns and villages in a way that revitalizes and enhances the existing rural lifestyle and culture of those communities. Outside of these towns and villages, the protection of important agricultural land is a priority objective. Protecting these lands requires regulations and Map identifying the Growth Opportunity Areas incentives that will keep these lands available for (GOAs). agricultural use. Any development outside of the rural towns and villages should be directed to suitable areas that are not important for agriculture, in clustered patterns that will optimize the preservation of rural open space. Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map. Within and outside the Kona Urban Area, the LUPAG map designates areas for resort, high density urban, medium density urban, low density urban, industrial, and university areas. The plan supports these existing designations. Any amendments to the LUPAG map not consistent with the Figure 4-7 Official Kona Land Use Map would be contrary to the land use framework envisioned by this plan. ■ Green Areas. The areas where growth should not occur also determines the framework and pattern of growth. These areas are identified and discussed in Section 4.3 Environmental Resources. 4-32 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS The following "tools" are used to conform growth to the land use framework: LAND USE To encourage growth towards the Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs): a) Design Flexibility. To collaboratively learn and apply the best available practices, a Design Center (see Policy LU -4.1) will provide an inviting venue to brainstorm ideas among applicants, government officials, and community members. The Village Design Guidelines (Attachment B) provide the minimum standards for TODs/TNDs, but do not rigidly constrain creativity. b) Coordinated Processing. For projects reviewed by the Design Center, a planning staff member may be assigned to help coordinate permit approvals for the proposed project's application process. c) Increased Range of Permitted Uses and Densities. As an incentive, the TODs substantially increase the permitted uses and densities over the existing zoning. In partial return for this additional density, the master plan will need to incorporate a minimum level of affordable housing (discussed further in the Section 4.5 Housing), provide a variety of open spaces within the TOD, and preserve open space around the TOD, in perpetuity d) Prioritized Essential Infrastructure. Government capital improvements programs may give priority to servicing the TODs, particularly with regard to roads, water, and sewer (discussed further in Section 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services). Where regional drainage systems are appropriate, the County may coordinate such improvements. e) Public Financing of Infrastructure. In recognition of the regional benefits of major roads and transit stations, these types of improvements within TODs should be funded with general revenue funding sources. f) Redevelopment Authority. In order to spur the redevelopment of Kailua Village as a TOD, redevelopment can be stimulated and coordinated by either an expanded business improvement district or the establishment of a redevelopment authority. 2. To encourage village -style development outside of TODs within the Urban Area: a) Already Zoned. For undeveloped areas already zoned residential, commercial, or industrial, the intent is to encourage a more creative mix of uses and density, by clustering to create open spaces and pedestrian -oriented streetscapes. b) Need Rezoning. For areas zoned agricultural within the Kona Urban Area (UA), a new type of Project District (as defined in the Chapter 25 Zoning Code) should be created called the Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND). KONA CDP 4-33 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTI v/ES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 3. To encourage rural clustered PUDs: a) Coordinated Processing. For projects reviewed by the Design Center, a planning staff member may be assigned to help coordinate approvals for the proposed project. b) Alternative Standards. The Clustered Rural Subdivision guidelines provide options for alternate road and wastewater standards. 4.2.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions Land Use Goal: Public policies set the foundation and framework within which the community and private sector work collaboratively towards a shared vision of concentrating growth within urban villages in North Kona, preserving rural character and agricultural lands, protecting significant natural and cultural resources, providing a range of housing opportunities, and a process to constructively, efficiently, and fairly achieve these ends with the best practices and quality. Objective LU -1: Overall Growth Pattern. To identify areas where higher intensity growth areas should occur and areas where the rural character and open space along the shoreline should be preserved. Policy LU -1.1: Official Kona Land Use Map. The Official Kona Land Use Map (see Figure 4-7) shall define the Kona Urban Area (see Policy LU -1.2) and the general locations, spacing, and type of TOD Villages (see Policies TRAN-1.3 and LU -2.3). Action LU -1.1a: Adopt Official Kona Land Use Map. Policy LU -1.2: Urban Area. The majority of future growth in Kona shall be directed to the Kona Urban Area shown on the Official Kona Land Use Map (see Figure 4-7), which spans from the Kona International Airport to Keauhou subject to the policies set forth under Objective LU -2 Urban Area Growth Management. Action LU -1.2a: Define Kona Urban Area. Policy LU -1.3: Rural Area. The rural area consists of the lands outside of the Kona Urban Area. Future growth in this area shall be concentrated within and around the existing LUPAG medium and low density areas, which correspond to the existing rural towns. Action LU -1.3a: County shall work with State to identify lands that may be appropriate to reclassify from Agriculture to Rural, consistent with Kona CDP Policies (PD, on-going). Policy LU -1.4: Consistency with Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG). The current LUPAG accommodates the vision and needs for the Kona CDP area planning horizon and should be amended only for compelling reasons. Any rezoning application shall be consistent with the LUPAG. 4-34 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. LAND USE KONA CDP 4-35 LAND USE Figure 4-7 Official Kona Land Use Map a Keahole Kailua LEGEND OKona Urban Area* Keauhou Rural Town TODs* Proposed Transit Line •••••• Trunk Secondary TOD Type* Neighborhood - Regional Center Existing Roadway CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Policy Layer 0 0.5 1 2 � Miles Kaawaloa 1 inch equals 1 miles Source: County of Hawaii The County of Hawaii Planning Department is the repository of the official map. 4-36 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. LAND USE KONA CDP 4-37 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Policy LU -1.5: Enhanced Shoreline Setback. Beyond the 40 foot shoreline setback regulated by Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) Sections 205A Part III, the County shall explore alternatives (e.g., density transfer based on gross density) for the applicant of a Special Management Area (SMA) Major Permit to dedicate to the government or land trust or encumber as open space for the purpose of realizing a shoreline linear park along as much of Kona's coastline as possible. Consistent with the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) and County of Hawaii General Plan policy to retain open space and protect natural resources along with public access to and along the shoreline, it shall be a priority of the County to maintain a minimum of 1,000 -foot open space no -build setback for undeveloped lands adjacent to the shoreline, on parcels which currently exceed 1,000 feet in depth, in discretionary land use approvals such as SMA major permits, rezonings, and state land use boundary amendments. Structures makai of this setback should be for public recreation and ocean -dependent facilities such as harbor improvements. Action LU -1.5a: Review rezoning and SMA applications pursuant to Policy LU -1.4 (PD, on-going). Action LU -1.5 b: Identify priority shorelines for increased setback as part of Policy ENV -2.1 Open Space Network Program (PD, PR, 1-2). Policy LU -1.6: 17 -Mile Protected Coastline: As part of any discretionary land use approvals such as SMA major permits, rezonings, and state land use boundary amendments, implement the vision of a 17 mile long protected stretch of open coastline from Makaeo north to Kikaua Pt. at the Kuki`o development. Most of this area is already publicly owned and much of it has already been set aside for park purposes. This incorporates the Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, the portion of Kohana`iki that will be deeded to the County under the terms of the existing SMA permit, the makai portion of O'oma 2, NELHA and state lands makai of the airport runway, to the extent that they can be used for public recreation consistent with the requirements of NELHA and the airport, the Kekaha Kai State Park, and Makalawena. Objective LU -2: Urban Area Growth Management. Recognizing that the LUPAG Urban Area is larger than needed in order to accommodate the projected growth within the planning horizon, future growth within the Urban Area shall be encouraged in a pattern of compact villages at densities that support public transit. Policy LU -2.1: Village Types Defined—Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) vs. Traditional Neighborhood Developments (TNDs). Both TODs and TNDs are compact mixed- use villages, characterized by a village center within a higher -density urban core, roughly equivalent to a 5 -minute walking radius (1/4 mile), surrounded by a secondary mixed-use, mixed - density area with an outer boundary roughly equivalent to a 10 -minute walking radius from the village center (1/2 mile). The distinction between a TOD and TND is that the approximate location of a TOD is currently designated on the Official Kona Land Use Map (Figure 4-7) along the trunk or secondary transit route and contains a transit station, while TND locations have not been designated and may be located off of the trunk or secondary transit route at a location approved by a rezoning action. 4-38 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS LAND USE Action LU -2.1a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to define TODs and TNDs. Action LU -2.1b: Conduct public workshop to educate community, including landowners, developers, and the public about TOD/TND Villages (PD, R&D, DC, 1-2) Action LU -2.1c: Work with landowners, through the Design Center to encourage proposals consistent with Village Design Guidelines (PD, on-going). Policy LU -2.2: TOD/TND Components. The components of a TOD/TND include Urban Core, Secondary Core, and Greenbelt. A TOD/TND contains a higher density urban core surrounded by a lower density secondary area. A greenbelt should, in turn, surround and define the outer edge of the secondary area. Urban Core: To control the scale and intensity of development within the urban core of a TOD/TND, there shall be two types of urban cores: a. Regional Center. Regional centers are intended for mixed use and higher -density residential, retail and commercial, employment, and/or regional one -of -a -kind facilities, such as major civic, medical, education and entertainment URBAN CORE SECONDARY AREA GREENBELT TOD COMPONENTS facilities. Regional centers shall be designed around a Commercial Center, which is the focus for the Village and designed to encourage pedestrian activity. Neighborhood Village. Neighborhood Village Core Areas are intended for predominately residential, public/civic uses, or small-scale neighborhood -oriented commercial uses. The Core's commercial uses are of a small scale and are intended to serve the needs of the Village residents. Neighborhood Village Core Areas shall be designed around a Neighborhood Center. Land uses include recreational space, small-scale public/civic uses, neighborhood oriented retail uses, and mixed-use. Secondary Area. TODs/TNDs may be surrounded by more auto -oriented, lower -density areas called "Secondary Areas." The Secondary Areas are within a half -mile of the TOD/TND urban core. These Secondary Areas take advantage of the services within the Urban Core through an interconnected street system with easy access to transit by foot, bike or car. Secondary Areas will be primarily comprised of standard single-family and multi -family neighborhoods. These areas may also provide more land -extensive uses that serve TOD/TND residents, such as schools and community parks. Because of their proximity to the Urban Core, Secondary Areas are ideal for bicycle travel. 3. Greenbelt. The Greenbelt is an undeveloped area surrounding the Secondary Area. The Greenbelt is a strategic planning tool to prevent urban sprawl by keeping land permanently open. The purpose of the Greenbelt is to prevent urban sprawl of the TODs/TNDs, prevent neighboring towns from merging into one another, and to preserve the setting and the KONA CDP 4-39 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS character of the TODs/TNDs. The Greenbelt may also serve multi-purpose uses, such as for drainage (e.g., flow ways or retention basins), sensitive resource preserves or wildfire protection buffers. Policy LU -2.3: TODs Identified. To control the spacing of transit stations in support of Policy TRAN-1.2, TOD floating zones, identifying the general location of TODs, should be encouraged, as shown on the Official Kona Land Use Map (see Figure 4-7): 1. University Village (Regional Center). The goal is to use the university as a catalyst for complementary commercial opportunities surrounding the campus and to attract students, faculty, and staff to live on or near campus. The university would hopefully be a center for cultural and performing arts, life-long learning, innovation, and workforce development that would benefit the broader community. 2. Kalaoa Village (Neighborhood) 3. Kaloko Makai Village (Neighborhood) 4. Honokohau Village (Regional Center) The County Civic Center shall be one part of a centralized government service center with surrounding complementary office and retail. The area would serve as an appropriate location for a regional park that would include active recreation facilities and a multi-purpose auditorium. 5. Keahuolu Village (Neighborhood) 6. Makaeo Village (Regional Center) A major retail center is planned near the Old Airport Park. As a mixed use village, the plan is to introduce residential uses into the mix, design a complementary relationship to the Old Airport Park, and to integrate a transit hub or major park and ride facility for commuters (primarily resort workers). Kailua Village Redevelopment (Regional Center) In recognition of the importance of Kailua Village as the cultural, retail and visitor core of the Kona District, redevelopment of the area shall be a high priority. The majority of Kona's urban affordable housing is located close to the Village Center, but much of this housing is in poor condition. The availability of infrastructure in the Village offers the opportunity to provide new, high density affordable housing for the resident workforce. Redevelopment plans shall consider the following: location of a transit hub, enhanced pedestrian -oriented improvements along Alii Drive, centralized public parking strategically located in relation to shuttle routes, and village design guidelines. 8. Pua`a — Wai`aha Village (Neighborhood) 9. Kahului — Puapua`a Village (Neighborhood) 10. Kahalu`u Makai Village (Neighborhood) Action LU -2.3a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to define TODs and TNDs. 4-40 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS LAND USE Action LU -2.3b: Initiate redevelopment plan for Kailua Village. Consider the establishment of redevelopment authority, pursuant to HRS Chapter 53 (Urban Renewal). Partner with the Kailua Village Business Improvement District program in preparing the re -development plan (PD, KVDC, KVBID, 3-5). Policy LU -2.4: Transit -Oriented Development (TOD) Floating Zones Development of TODs are encouraged within the extent and locations of the floating zones shown on the Official Kona Land Use Map (Figure 4-7). These locations are approximate and become fixed pursuant to the Project District rezoning procedures as modified below: 1) Minimum land area. The minimum land area for a new community shall be consistent with the zoning code's requirements for project districts, which corresponds to the urban and secondary core. 2) Project District Rezoning Application. In addition to the requirements specified for a Project District application, the application shall include the following: a. Conceptual Master Plan. To the extent practicable, the conceptual master plan shall at a minimum address: i. Mix of permitted uses and density; ii. Transportation systems including street layout and standards, transit routes and facilities, and bike and pedestrian pathways; iii. Village center public facilities, if any; iv. Infrastructure requirements, and timing; v. Neighborhood park and public space standards; vi. Phasing plan; vii. Calculation and treatment of density transfer area, if any; b. A County environmental report; provided that a County environmental report shall not be required where an environmental impact statement or an environmental assessment and negative declaration have been prepared and issued in compliance with chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, as amended. 3) State Land Use Boundary Amendment Concurrent Processing. If a State Land Use District Boundary Amendment is necessary, the Planning Director may accept the application, review the application to determine consistency with the decision criteria below, suspend the processing of the Project District until a decision is made by the State Land Use Commission, and express the County's support of the application before the State Land Use Commission as consistent with the Kona CDP and County of Hawaii General Plan. The Project District process may then immediately resume upon favorable approval by the State Land Use Commission 4) Development Agreement. Concurrent with or subsequent to the adoption of a project district ordinance, a development agreement pursuant to Hawaii County Code may be used to KONA CDP 4-41 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS memorialize reciprocal agreements among the several parties responsible for implementing the plan, including the County, and thereby vest the rights as set forth in the Development Agreement. 5) Planning Commission Review. Section 25-6-44 of the Hawaii County Code along with Planning Commission Rules shall dictate the timing and procedures of the Planning Commission's review and processing of a project district application. 6) Rebuttable Presumption. The Planning Director, Planning Commission, and County Council should review the TOD application with a rebuttable presumption that the project furthers the intent of Chapter 25 Zoning Code and is consistent with the goals, objectives, and policies of the County General Plan and Kona CDP, provided that the proposed location is generally consistent with the Official Kona Land Use Map and the conceptual master plan consistent with the Village Design Guidelines. This rebuttable presumption does not apply to a TND application since the general location of a TND has not been determined by the Kona CDP 7) Amendments. Amendments to the master plan shall be processed in the same manner as the project district enabling ordinance, unless the council in the project district ordinance authorizes the amendments to be made by the director. Action LU -2.4a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to establish TOD floating zone project district. Policy LU -2.5: Village Design Guidelines. The Village Design Guidelines in Attachment B should be used as a guide to the development of conceptual master plans for TODs and TNDs, as well as subsequent projects or site plans implementing the conceptual master plans. The intent of the Village Design Guidelines are to do the following: 1. Promote transit -oriented and pedestrian -oriented development, to increase transit use, to manage traffic congestion, 2. Encourage mixed-use, compact development that is pedestrian in scale and sensitive to environmental characteristics of the land, and facilitates the efficient use of public services; 3. Have residences, shopping, employment, and recreational uses located within close proximity with each other and efficiently organized to provide for the daily needs of the residents; 4. Provide for a range of housing types and affordability within pedestrian -oriented, human -scale neighborhoods; Incorporate natural features, open space, and cultural features; Provide efficient circulation systems for pedestrians, non -motorized vehicles, and motorists that serve to functionally and physically integrate the various land use activities; and Promote strong neighborhood identity and focus. The Village Design Guidelines suggest: 1. An acceptable mix of uses for regional centers, neighborhood core areas, and secondary areas; 4-42 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS LAND USE 2. Minimum as well as maximum residential densities; 3. Non -permitted uses in the urban core that are primarily automobile -dependent that detract from a walkable town center; 4. Pedestrian -oriented street standards, supplementing County of Hawaii Street Standards; 5. Nomenclature of public facilities and siting criteria that serve as the town focus; 6. Density transfer calculation methodology; and 7. Transportation standards. Action LU -2.5a: Adopt Village Design Guidelines (Attachment B). Action LU -2.5b: Continually improve and refine the Village Design Guidelines (PD, DC, on-going). Policy LU -2.6: TOD/TND Public Infrastructure and Facilities. To encourage the development of TODs and TN Ds, public financing sources should pay 100% for: ■ Major proposed trunk transit route, ■ A transit station (or transit station component if the transit station is part of a private mixed-use project) within the Urban Core, ■ A major park or plaza within the urban core. In the preparation of the conceptual master plan, the applicant should coordinate the input of appropriate agencies to identify sites and financing of appropriate public facilities such as schools, libraries, and post offices, with respective financial commitments between public and private sources documented in the master plan. The County water allocation and capital improvement policies in Section 4.6: Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services, Policy PUB -4.1 should further support the development of the TODs. Action LU -2.6a: Negotiate the respective cost-sharing of the appropriate public facilities (DC, applicants, on-going). Action LU -2.6b: Program funding of major transit routes, transit stations, and major parks within urban core in coordination with proposed TOD build -out (PD, Fin., on- going). Policy LU -2.7: Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) Floating Zone Established. Where -as the locations of TODs are conceptually determined by the Official Kona Land Use Map, the locations of TNDs are proposed by applicants outside of the TODs within the Kona Urban Area (UA). Because of the need to review the specific suitability at the time of proposal, TND floating zones shall not have the rebuttable presumption of a TOD; otherwise, rezoning procedures shall be the same as a TOD Project District. Policy LU -2.8: Development Outside Transit -Oriented Developments (TODs), but within the Kona Urban Area. Development outside the TODs, but within the Kona UA, may occur as follows: KONA CDP 4-43 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Existing Zoning a. TND Overlay. Any project greater than 20 acres on land zoned Single-family residential (RS), Multiple residential (RM), Residential -Commercial Mixed Use (RCX), General Commercial (CG), Village Commercial (CV), or Neighborhood Commercial (CN), shall be permitted to develop as a neighborhood TND following the procedures for a PUD and the Village Design Guidelines. b. Non -TND Projects. Any project may be developed in accordance with the existing zoning, subject to the following requirements: i. Parks (see Policy PUB -6.2.) ii. Affordable Housing. Resale restrictions on affordable units built in compliance with HCC Chapter 11 (see Policy HSG -5.2). iii. Street Standards. Connectivity standards (see Policy TRAN-2.1), street standards (see Policy TRAN-3.1), and traffic calming standards (see Policy TRAN-3.7). iv. Wastewater. Priority sewer area (see Policy PUB -4.4). v. Sensitive Resources. Survey of potential sensitive resources (see Policy ENV - 1.5). 2. Rezoning a. TND. Any project greater than 20 acres within the Kona UA may apply for the TND Floating Zone. b. Conventional Rezoning. Rezoning to other than TND, is subject to the following guidelines: i. Consistency with LUPAG. Refer to Policy LU -1.3. ii. Infill. Rezonings that promote infill are encouraged. The concept of infill is to connect two or more pre-existing developments. Infill is usually associated with small scale developments of 20 acres or less that have been leapfrogged by the surrounding or adjacent developments. Infill rezonings should be conditioned to ensure connectivity to the surrounding developments and, where applicable, to provide mixed-use opportunities to make the area more walkable. iii. "Greenfields" Rezoning. Rezoning anywhere within the Kona UA, whether within or outside a TOD area designated on Figure 4-7 Official Kona Land Use Map, that is not a TOD, TND, or infill shall require an amendment to the Kona CDP. State Land Use. Where a rezoning application meets the above criteria, the County shall support a State Land Use Urban Boundary amendment for lands within the County Urban Expansion Area. 4-44 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action LU -2.8a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to create a TND overlay zone for existing zoned lands within the specified residential and commercial zoning districts. Action LU -2.8b: Review subdivision and plan approval applications pursuant to requirements for parks, housing, street standards, wastewater, and concurrency (PD, on-going). Action LU -2.8c: Review conventional rezoning applications pursuant to Policy LU -2.8 (2)(b) (PD, on-going). Objective LU -3: Rural Area Growth Management. To preserve the rural character of the existing rural towns, the agricultural lifestyle, and the open landscape. Policy LU -3.1: Redevelopment of Rural Towns as TODs/TNDs. The rural towns along Mamalahoa Highway, consisting of Holualoa, Honalo, Kainaliu, Kealakekua, and Captain Cook, are encouraged to be redeveloped as TODs/TNDs. The master plan for a TOD/TND redevelopment should: a) identify the site and appropriate design character of a transit stop or station, as applicable; b) identify other public facilities that would enhance the civic and economic vitality of these towns; c) encourage innovative opportunities to provide affordable housing and live/work opportunities; and d) improve pedestrian -friendliness of the streetscape. To the extent practicable, the TOD/TND master plan should follow the intent of the Village Design Guidelines in Attachment B. The master plan should be the basis for any comprehensive rezoning, capital improvement program, and/or business improvement district for facilities or services. Action LU -3.1a: Initiate community organization effort, including landowners, developers, and public, on the opportunities of TODs/TNDs for each of the rural towns (R&D, PD, on-going). Action LU -3.1 b: Prepare town master plan(s) (PD, MT, town entity, 5-10). Policy LU -3.2: Revitalization of Other Existing Rural Villages. Rural Villages such as Honaunau, Napo`opo`o, Kealia, and Miloli`i are also encouraged to develop community-based revitalization master LAND USE Aloha Theatre in Kainaliu. rM!.nag. Hotel. Nancy Pisicchio Miloli'i, last fishing village in Hawai'i nei". KONA CDP 4-45 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS plans that would serve as the basis for any comprehensive rezoning, capital improvement program, and/or business improvement district for facilities or services. Action LU -3.2a: Initiate community organization effort, including landowners, developers, and public on the opportunities of TODs/TNDs for each of the rural villages (R&D, PD, 3-5). Action LU -3.2b: Prepare village master plan(s) (PD, village entity, 5-10). Policy LU -3.3: Clustered Rural Subdivision Planned Unit Development (PUD). Provided a PUD application for rural or agriculturally zoned land substantially meets the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines in Attachment C, the Planning Commission shall issue a recommendation, with or without conditions according to Section 25-6 of the Hawaii County Code and Planning Commission Rules. All other requirements and procedures of a PUD shall apply as set forth in Article 6 of the Zoning Code. Action LU -3.3a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code and Chapter 23 Subdivision Code to establish Clustered Rural Subdivision PUD. Policy LU -3.4: Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines. In addition to HCC and Administrative Rules relating to subdivisions, it is recommended that the Planning Department review applications for subdivisions outside of the Kona Urban Area in combination with the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines in Attachment C. The intent of the guidelines is to minimize grading, preserve the natural appearance of the land to the maximum extent possible, ensure agriculture use in the State Land Use Agricultural District, and create a rural setting for residences. Towards this end, the guidelines shall, at a minimum, specify: 1. Minimum lot sizes; 2. Natural and cultural resources meriting protection and associated buffer areas, as applicable; 3. Minimum standards for roads and wastewater disposal; 4. Legal tools for permanent protection, maintenance of open space, and/or agricultural lands; 5. Connections to the open spaces of surrounding areas. Action LU -3.4a: Adopt Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines (on-going). Action LU -3.4b: Continually improve and refine the guidelines (PD, DC, on-going). Action LU -3.4c: Work with State to allow individual home sites smaller than one acre on lands classified as Agricultural so as to increase the flexibility of the Clustered Rural Subdivision Program (PD, OSP, on-going). Policy LU -3.5: Encourage Clustered Rural Subdivision for IAL Lands Less Than 5 Acres. Any subdivision of important agricultural land (IAL) lands involving 30 acres or more currently zoned at densities between and including Ag -1 a to Ag -5a and FA are encouraged to follow the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines in order to prevent sprawling, large-scale residential subdivision of these lands. 4-46 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS LAND USE Action LU -3.5a: Review subdivision application for lands with existing zoning Ag - 1a to Ag -5a and FA pursuant to Policy LU -3.5 (PD, on-going). Action LU -3.5b: Work with landowners through the Design Center to encourage proposals consistent with Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines (PD, on-going). Policy LU -3.6: Subdivision on Agriculturally -Zoned Land Served by a Private Water System. When granting any subdivision water variance served by a private water system to allow a subdivision involving 30 acres or more, a condition of the variance should be to follow the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines. Policy LU -3.7: Farmworker Housing. Agricultural employee housing where the employee works a minimum of 20 hours a week on a farm is permitted on agriculturally zoned lands where the housing and the farm are not on the same parcel. Action LU -3.7a: Reviewing Agricultural Employee Housing proposals pursuant to Policy LU -3.7 (PD, on-going). Policy LU -3.8: Rezoning Outside of Urban and Rural TODs and Outside of GP LUPAG Urban Area. Rezoning of areas currently zoned agricultural, outside of the Urban and Rural TOD areas shown on Figure 4-7 Official Kona Land Use Map, and outside of urban designations on the General Plan LUPAG, shall not be allowed, except in the following limited circumstances: (1) the rezoning allows only a small number of additional lots, consistent in scale with the transfer of lots to family members, (2) the rezoning does not create a net increase in the potential number of agricultural lots (such as a rezoning that increases potential density in one area but also reduces density in another), or (3) the rezoning is to permit a subdivision consistent with the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines, while preserving the majority of the property in non-residential use dedicated to agriculture, open space, or other conservation purposes, and does not have the primary effect of allowing subdivision into lots smaller than allowed by existing zoning. This policy is intended to prevent the rezoning of agricultural property to allow agricultural subdivisions where the primary objective of the lot owner will be to have a residential estate. Action LU -3.8a: Review rezoning applications with higher burden of justification pursuant to Policy LU -3.8 (PD, on-going). Objective LU -4: Pro -active Design Review. To foster a spirit of excellence, creativity and collaboration among the applicants, community, and County to meet the Kona CDP goals, objectives and policies. Policy LU -4.1: Design Center Establishment. The County Planning Department shall establish a Design Center to accomplish the following objectives: 1. To support and expedite the translation and implementation of the Kona CDP goals, objectives, policies, actions, and design guidelines as applied to proposed development projects; 2. To be a catalyst for creative excellence and innovation; 3. To foster public-private partnerships; KONA CDP 4-47 LAND USE CHAPTER 4 GoALs, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 4. To promote coordination and collaboration among the community, government agencies, applicants, landowners, professionals, and educational institutions; 5. To provide education on best design practices to applicants, government staff, community members, educators and students; and, 6. To award and recognize exemplary projects. Although the Design Center will be administered by the Planning Department and staffed by County employees, the department may organize a technical committee of interdisciplinary volunteers. Action LU -4.1a: As an option, consider budgeting and hiring independent contractor(s) to determine the structure of the Design Center and to establish a pilot program. During this interim period, the independent contractor will provide recommendations to the Planning Director for land use applications requiring Design Center review (PD, 1-2). Action LU -4.1 b: Create and fund positions to staff the Design Center (PD, 2-3). Policy LU -4.2: Mandatory Review. The Design Center shall review and provide recommendations to the applicant prior to submittal of the application to the Planning Department for all master plans prepared for floating zones (TODs/TNDs, Affordable Housing, Eco -Industrial) and Clustered Rural Subdivision PUDs. Projects implementing these master plans, as well as any other project within the Kona CDP planning area, are encouraged, but not required, to be reviewed by the Design Center. Action LU -4.2a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to require mandatory Design Center review. Policy LU -4.3: Coordinated Processing. For projects reviewed by the Design Center, a staff member of the Design Center may be assigned to coordinate permit approvals for the proposed project's application process. Action LU -4.3a: Assign and train staff (PD, 1-2 4-48 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES The Environmental Resources section of the Kona CDP identifies objectives, policies, and actions to guide the management and protection of Kona's environmentally sensitive areas. It will become important to focus on creative solutions that protect the environment while allowing for growth, redevelopment, and increase densities in strategic areas. 4.3.1 Existing Conditions Mapping of various resources in the Kona region has been on-going for many years. With advancing computer technology, such Geographic Information System (GIS), much of the available information has been incorporated in computer databases. While the geographic detail made possible by such computer mapping gives the sense that such mapped information is comprehensive, accurate and reliable, it is not always the case. The actual level of accuracy and reliability varies widely. It is important to continually improve the state of knowledge and track changes by documenting the source and methodology of the data collection. Guiding Principles Environment 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. ✓ 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. 3. Provide housing choices. 4. Provide recreation opportunities. ✓ 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. V 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. V 8. Promote effective governance. ✓ The mapping data for the environmental resources collected for this plan come from the following sources: Regulatory map with defined procedures to map and amend: ■ Flood Insurance Rate Map (regulated under the Floodplain Management Code, Hawaii County Code Chapter 27) Legally mandated inventories yet to be completed: ■ Trails—Under the Na Ala Hele statewide trail and access program, the Department of Land and Natural Resources is required to "inventory all trails and accesses in the State, whether wholly or partly on public or private lands and whether or not under the jurisdiction of the department" (HRS Section 198D-3). ■ Historic sites—The State Historic Preservation Division is required to develop an inventory of historic properties (any structure or site over fifty years old) and burial sites (HRS Section 6E- 3). Voluntarily compiled databases that lack a comprehensive management system for verification and maintenance: ■ Critical Habitats: Although the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service follows a formal procedure to designate a critical habitat, there is no formal procedure to provide a map to the County permit agencies; ■ Coastal Resources and Water Quality Monitoring Stations: GIS data on coastal resources compiled by the University of Hawaii at Hilo for the Planning Department; location of State KONA CDP 4-49 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Department of Health (DOH) water quality monitoring stations (Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and DOH (State GIS Program) Anchialine Ponds: Data digitally representing occurrences of anchialine ponds that were recorded by Hawaii Natural Heritage Program, between 1970 — 2000 (Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division (University of Hilo, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies) Native Habitats: The Hawaii Natural Heritage Program (HNHP) collects information on the location and condition of Hawai`i's rare animals, plants, and natural communities (ecosystems) (Source: Hawaii Natural Heritage Program (November 2005). Information in the database spans from the 1800's to present day. Data summarizes species current and historical ranges, decline or increase in the number of individuals, recorded habitat and observed threats. The HNHP database includes four categories: Natural Communities, Special Vertebrates, Special Invertebrates, and Special Plants. The HNHP database includes only rare occurrences. A natural community is considered rare and imperiled if it is known from 20 or fewer localities or if it covers less than 2,000 acres in the world. For plants and animals, the HNHP defines taxon as rare if records indicate that its current distribution or abundance is limited, i.e. it is known from 20 or fewer locations or fewer than 3,000 individuals have been observed in the wild.) 4.3.2 Overall Strategy People in Kona have a growing ecological awareness and respect for their diverse resources — one that must be translated into a commitment to protect and manage these resources. This commitment will only be implemented by policies that are based on knowledge about our diverse resources as well as on humility that we do not know the full consequences of all that we do and err on the side of caution (precautionary principle), and on the understanding that all of us must assume some responsibility to do our part. The following strategy emerged from this attitude: Managing our Impacts. The reasons to minimize human impacts on natural resources are many, while many are yet to be known. Ecosystem services upon which our survival depends (e.g., clean drinking water) must be maintained. This concept was honored by Hawai'i's earliest inhabitants, most clearly in the "mountain to sea" ahupua`a model of land use. This awareness and the larger reality of the intrinsic value and interconnectedness of all natural systems should be expanded upon and protected through education and intelligent land use policy. The Kona CDP's Land Use Policies are intended to limit both urban and rural sprawl and also serves to provide direct benefits toward managing our resources. Recognizing the Multi -Value Importance of the Mauka Lands. Before human contact, a band of wet native forest thrived, extending from sea level to 6,000 feet in elevation (Atlas of Hawaii, 3rd Edition). Besides being a habitat for native species, this forest "absorbed" much of the rain. This water that percolated into the ground and recharged the groundwater "reservoirs." As forests were cleared for pasture or other purposes, much of the rainfall that would have been absorbed now runs off the land surface. Recognizing the value of these mauka lands for its habitat, groundwater recharge, and stormwater management values, the objectives are to encourage the preservation of 4-50 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES the forest that remains, the restoration of forest lands, as well as the innovative restoration of some of the innate functions of the cleared lands (e.g., detention basins that mitigate surface flow and promote groundwater recharge). Turning Stormwater Management into an Asset. If the mauka lands are able to mitigate some of the surface stormwater runoff, there is still a challenge in managing stormwater runoff because of Kona's steep topography and undefined drainageways. The objective is to identify the drainageways where the major stormflows would be directed, provide a buffer to these drainageways to account for our imperfect knowledge, and to design these drainageways to function as recreational or open space amenities (e.g., linear parks). Not Exceeding the Limits of the Groundwater Resource. Compared to the wet, windward side of the island, Kona's basal groundwater resource is thin. The primary groundwater source is high- level groundwater; the extent of which as a resource is uncertain. The objectives are to conserve water, encourage alternative sources (e.g., reclaimed wastewater) for non -potable uses, and ensure adequate capacity of the County water system to serve the preferred growth areas set forth in the Land Use element (see Section 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure, and Services for these policies that apply to the County's water system). d. Integrating the Coastal Resources. Kona is blessed with unique anchialine ponds, beautiful sandy beaches, abundant coral reefs, and clear nearshore waters. What we do on the land impacts these coastal resources. The objectives are to manage the activities that are the major source of pollutants that reach the coastal waters through groundwater seepage or surface runoff, and to monitor the water quality to know when corrective action is in order. Protecting Sensitive Resources. Besides the mauka lands, there are other sensitive resources that need to be protected through regulations and/or incentives. The first step is to classify what resources are "sensitive"—i.e., unique, rare, fragile, providing an essential support service, or other values. The second step is to develop a reliable inventory of these resources. This second step is a considerable challenge given the varying stage of accuracy and completeness of the available information for each resource. Nevertheless, a central data gathering system needs to be developed that continually improves the state of knowledge. 2. Managing Access as a Linked Network of Open Spaces. Not all open spaces should have unrestricted public access (e.g., forest reserves, sacred sites). Where public access is permitted, whether unrestricted or managed, the objective is to create a network of "hubs" (e.g., parks) and "links" (e.g., trails, bikeways). While reaffirming the Guiding Principle for expanded recreation opportunities, the vision is also for residents and visitors to have the option to walk or bike to a beach or park, as well as drive on a scenic route. 3. Prioritizing Limited Financial Resources. a. Establishing Acquisition Priorities. The objective is to set clear priority criteria for land acquisition based on significance, extent of public use, or the extent of restrictions on other private use. KONA CDP 4-51 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTI v/ES, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 4. Ensuring Maintenance. Adequate funding should be budgeted for proper maintenance, particularly for resources open to the public. 4.3.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions Environmental Resources Goal: The natural and cultural resources enhance Kona's character together with the built environment, developed in harmony with ecological principles, where residents and visitors enjoy and interact with nature through a networked system that promotes a healthy active lifestyle, and where the financial and moral commitment reflects the high level of caring that the Kona people have for the land. Objective ENV -1: Managing Impacts. In order to minimize impacts on the land, make use of best management planning practices for any land-based endeavor by balancing public and private rights, and taking advantage of an ever -improving knowledge of resource sensitivity and natural processes. Policy ENV -1.1: Central Environmental Resources Inventory. The County should be a central repository of environmental resources GIS data (including the metadata documentation), assist in inventory creation where there are data gaps, and assist in maintenance where there are no assigned maintenance responsibilities. Action ENV -1.1a: Compile available GIS environmental data and make it available to the public (PD, DATA, on-going). Policy ENV -1.2: Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program. The Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program shall encompass the public and private lands mauka of Mamalahoa Highway (see Figure 4-8a). The purpose of this program is to synthesize the current knowledge of the mauka lands resources, develop a viable action plan to coordinate the various public agencies and private owners, and serve as the basis for establishing an ecosystem services incentives program. Such a program recognizes the ecosystem service value of our watershed and open space in our community to protect values such as aesthetics and scenic vistas; water catchment and infiltration; carbon sequestration; oxygen production; habitat enhancement and preservation; fire suppression and fuel load management; soil conservation; preservation of cultural values; and, potential for additional public access and recreational opportunities. It is recommended that the action plan be prepared by the Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership, whose membership shall include at a minimum the affected public agencies and private landowners, a community representative(s), and the County. The action plan shall be approved by the Kona CDP Action Committee (see Chapter 5). The action plan should at a minimum address: ■ Existing Conditions—physical characteristics, hydrology and water use, biological resources, land ownership, existing land use and zoning; ■ Ahupua`a Watershed Values—water resources, native habitat, cultural resources, public access and outdoor recreation; 4-52 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Figure 4-8a Environmental Resources Map: Kona Mauka Watershed Area Kaawaloa _ . Q Napoopoo Hookena LEGEND ` S, - High -Level Groundwater, 1,500 ft. OKona Mauka Watershed Planning Area Private Nature Preserve Managed Public Lands Institutional Public Lands - Private lands Kona Urban Area MOM rI Rural Town TODs O CDP Planning Area Miles o 0 2 4 8 1 inch equals 4 miles Source: County of Hawaii and Hawaii Statewide GIS Marl Program KONA CDP 4-53 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. 4-54 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Threats—invasive species, feral ungulates, human activities, aquatic pollutants, wildfire, climate change; ■ Management Program—cooperative private initiatives, government programs, designation of suitable sending and receiving areas for density transfer, models of appropriate development, certification system to determine eligible ecosystem services incentives, grant administration Action ENV -1.2a: Organize the Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership (PD, 1-2). Action ENV -1.2b: Budget and hire contractor to coordinate and prepare Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD, 1-2). Action ENV -1.2c: Implement Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD, 3- 5) Policy ENV -1.3: Publicly -Owned Mauka Lands. All public lands mauka of Mamalahoa Highway should be managed with a holistic, multi-purpose approach for habitat preservation, groundwater source protection, and stormwater management, as coordinated by a Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership, based on a Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program. The objective is to reevaluate the need to broaden and integrate the management of those lands currently under a more focused management program (referred to as the "Managed Public Lands") and to initiate management program for those public lands not currently managed for environmental integrity (referred to as "Institutional Public Lands"). Action ENV -1.3a: Identify, inform, and educate affected public agencies to participate in the preparation of the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD, 1-2). Policy ENV -1.4: Privately -Owned Mauka Lands. All private lands mauka of Mamalahoa Highway are eligible for ecosystem services incentives as set forth in the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program, provided the landowner actively participates in the Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership. Ecosystem services incentives include, without limitation: Government funding. Payments from Federal, State, or County sources for a conservation easements; Property tax credits for landowners. A new ecosystem services assessment class would result in minimum tax; Grants. Grants administered by the Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership would be available to help fund various ecosystem management activities such as constructing detention basins, controlling invasive species, mitigating wildfire threats, restoring native forests, and other activities consistent with the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program; 4. Government approval assistance. The Design Center staff may be available to resolve any difficulties with obtaining approvals for ecosystem management activities, such as issues relating to the Conservation District, or in applying for various programs such as U.S. Forest Services' Forest Legacy Program. KONA CDP 4-55 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action ENV -1.4a: Identify, inform, and educate affected private landowners to participate in the preparation of the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD, 1-2). Action ENV -1.4b: Develop and establish ecosystems services incentives and a financing program, through the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD, 1-2). Policy ENV -1.5: Sensitive Resources. In the context of Kona's ecology and history, the following natural and cultural resources shall be considered sensitive and therefore shall be inventoried, as part of any permit application to the County Planning Department (see Figures 4-8a to 4-8d): ■ Critical habitat areas as identified by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife or County General Plan; ■ Predominantly native ecosystems, which may not be considered endangered but are valued because of their nearly pristine condition; ■ Anchialine ponds subject to a management Program addressed in Policy ENV -1.10: Non - Degradation of Anchialine Ponds; ■ High-level groundwater recharge area which shall initially be defined as all lands mauka of the 1,500 foot elevation and which may be refined by the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program; ■ Historic trails; ■ Archaeological and historic sites subject to protection under HRS Chapter 6E; and, ■ Enhanced Shoreline Setback (see Policy LU -1.5). Any permit application that encompasses any of the above resources shall incorporate these resources as assets. If a proposed project will have significant, unavoidable, adverse impacts to any of the above resources, the presumption shall be denial of the application and the applicant will have the burden of explaining any overriding considerations. The presence of any of these resources shall qualify for density transfers through a planned unit development based on potential gross density allowed by the prevailing zoning. The protection or restoration of any of these resources should qualify for funding from the Kona Treasures Fund (see Policy ENV -3.3). Policy ENV -1.6: Ecotourism and Other Mauka Lands Development. On LUPAG Extensive Agricultural lands, a special permit for an ecotourism -related or other non-agricultural use may be considered provided the proposed project is consistent with the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program and reviewed by the Design Center. If the project involves residential lots, then the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines (Attachment C) should apply. Density transfers may be permitted between sending and receiving areas identified in the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program, including between non-contiguous parcels, as approved under the special permit or Clustered Rural Subdivision PUD process. Action ENV -1.6a: Enact appropriate mechanisms pursuant to Policy ENV -1.2 Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (PD, 3-5). 4-56 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Policy ENV -1.7: Flood Corridors. The County's Central Environmental Resources Inventory (see Policy ENV -1.1) should include the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) 100 -year floodplains, as well as planned natural flow ways identified by the Stormwater Management Program (see Policy PUB —4.7), where predevelopment offsite runoff from existing and future development will be directed. Collectively, the FIRM floodplains and the planned flow ways may serve as open space amenities, such as linear parks and/or greenbelts between urbanized areas. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Action ENV -1.7a: Develop priorities and financing strategies to improve accuracy and comprehensiveness of flood mapping (DPW, 2-3). Action ENV -1.7b: Budget and hire contractor to study feasibility of regional stormwater management systems, such as flow ways (DPW, PD, 2-3). Action ENV -1.7c: Identify corridors to be recommended for public open space pursuant to Policy ENV -2.2 Open Space Network Program (PD, DPW, 3-5) Policy ENV -1.8: Multi -Purpose Flood Corridors. If the flood corridor serves regional multiple benefits the County should consider ownership and/or maintenance responsibility for the flood corridor, upon request of the affected landowner. Owners may participate in an adopt -a -flood corridor program to enhance the landscaping of the flood corridor fronting their property, preferably with appropriate native Hawaiian plants. Action ENV -1.8a: Establish guidelines for Adopt -a -Corridor Program (DPW, 1-2). Policy ENV -1.9: Improvements Proposed Adjacent to Drainage Facilities. New construction improvements to repetitive loss structures, and substantial improvements proposed adjacent to drainage facilities outside of the special flood hazard areas identified on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps shall be subject to review and approval of the director of public works in compliance with HCC 27-25. Action ENV -1.9a: Supports Chapter 27 pursuant to Policy ENV -1.9 (on-going) KONA CDP 4-57 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. 4-58 KONA CDP ^ \ i\. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank 4-60 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Figure 4-8c Environmental Resources Map: Native Plants & Animals Kiholo LEGEND O 11 O R-1 mvn s oa�a 511t. a � ti�aeKeo�4�ewe��e��oo� � I 11SC11 ALA, EAU �� AREA MaAP��o • uo,�n soum ��a Ra,e aPegas Miles 0 2 4 8 1 inch equals 4 miles Source: County of Hawaii, Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, and Hawaii Natural Heritage Program MOM Manuka S KONA CDP 4-61 Kaupulehu 1 Makalawena • ao- uu aawaa ° N A Keahole • • •••S� • ° • • - • ° ° 8 • 00 of Kailua • • • • ' • • M • • • ••M Keauhou • 16 • Kaawaloa ' • • �} ap Napoopoo r� LEGEND O 11 O R-1 mvn s oa�a 511t. a � ti�aeKeo�4�ewe��e��oo� � I 11SC11 ALA, EAU �� AREA MaAP��o • uo,�n soum ��a Ra,e aPegas Miles 0 2 4 8 1 inch equals 4 miles Source: County of Hawaii, Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, and Hawaii Natural Heritage Program MOM Manuka S KONA CDP 4-61 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. 4-62 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Figure 4-8d Environmental Resources Map: Other Resources Kai Keauhou Napoopoo LEGEND ® Federal Park Qn State Park V DOH Water Quality Monitoring Station Flood Zones - Unofficial A X500 - Fiend Zane Uh.f,..l LATEST LOW O Fl..d Zane. - LOMC Public Street- Access Marine Life Conservation District Whale Santuary Fish Management Area Na Ala Hele — Ala Kahakai Trail OKona Urban Area ORural Town TODs O CDP Planning Area Miles 0 2 4 8 1 inch equals 4 miles Source: County of Hawaii and Hawaii Statewide GIS Program Hookena Mllolll Manuka ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Q KONA CDP 4-63 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS This page intentionally left blank. 4-64 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Policy ENV -1.10: Non -Degradation of Anchialine Ponds. Within the United States, these unique habitats are only found in Hawaii. Anchialine shall be eligible for the Kona Treasures Fund for restoration and maintenance, subject to the preparation of a maintenance and water quality monitoring plan. As wetlands, these resources merit heightened community vigilance for any violations of the federal law relating to the disturbance of wetlands. Policy ENV -1.11: Anchialine Ponds Management Program. The County should adopt the following strategies: 1. Conduct an inventory of anchialine ponds in Kona. 2. Develop management policy: a. Development projects must map anchialine ponds and monitor their physical, chemical, and biological status b. Management of anchialine ponds on development project land should include assessment and removal of invasive species c. No development project should be approved that impacts anchialine ponds 3. Develop education modules for anchialine ponds and signage for sites in Kona to educate the public about ponds and their "protected" status. 4. Identify public/private funding mechanisms for the maintenance of Kona's anchialine ponds. Action ENV -1.11a: Budget and hire contractor to verify and update anchialine inventory and prepare the Anchialine Ponds Management Program (PD, COE, 2-3). Policy ENV -1.12: Water Quality Monitoring Program. In recognition of Kona's exceptional nearshore coastal resource, a comprehensive system to monitor nearshore water quality should be established for purposes of protecting public health as well as ecosystem health (particularly coral reefs) to supplement the State Department of Health's water quality monitoring program. At a minimum, water quality should be monitored at stations which correspond to the popular water - contact recreational areas and the exceptional coral reef habitats. The Water Quality Monitoring Guidelines shall be referenced when requiring water quality monitoring as a condition of permit approval or in the establishment of a comprehensive Water Quality Monitoring Program. KONA CDP 4-65 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action ENV -1.12a: Hire consultant to prepare Water Quality Monitoring Guidelines (PD, DPW, DOH, 2-3). Action ENV -1.12b: Set up water quality monitoring station locations (PD, Community, UH Sea Grant, DOH, 2-3). Action ENV -1.12c: Organize and train community base water quality team (PD, Community, UH Sea Grant, DOH, 2-3). Policy ENV -1.13: Environmental Resource Management Education. A diversity of tools should be sought to provide increased education and awareness on the part of our residents and visitors regarding the preservation of Kona's environment. How about Community Volunteer Deputies? A community-based volunteer "deputy" program to work with government authorities expands the number of "eyes" to inhibit violations, provides an opportunity for individuals to become involved while ensuring that these individuals are knowledgeable and trained, and serves as an educational program as these deputies share their knowledge with the broader community. Action ENV -1.13a: Develop appropriate educational tools for residents and visitors and marketing plan to use them (R&D, 2-3). Action ENV -1.13b: Conduct educational workshops (R&D, 2-3). Objective ENV -2: Open Space Network. To develop a networked system of appropriate access to all significant open space resources that enhances opportunities for residents and visitors for recreational, educational, subsistence, or gathering purposes. Policy ENV -2.1: Open Space Network Program. The purpose of the Open Space Network Program is to enhance opportunities for residents and visitors to access Kona's Environmental Resources for recreational, educational, subsistence, or gathering purposes. The Program should identify the following: i. Hubs and Links. Map the existing and planned "hubs" and "links" that comprise the open space network. "Hubs" include, without limitation, parks, cultural sites open to the public, and natural beauty vantage points and views. The "links" include, without limitation, bikeways, trails, scenic/heritage corridors, public accessways, flow ways, and linear parks. ii. Public Access Management. Address any special needs to manage access, such as ownership, maintenance, and/or sensitivity of the resource. iii. Public Areas. Identify areas that have high traffic which shall then receive special attention for funding, maintenance, safety and educational signage. Action ENV -2.1a: Budget and hire consultant to prepare Open Space Network Program (PD, PR, OSP, DLNR, TNC, NPS, 1-2). 4-66 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Action ENV -2.1b: Coordinate with the National Park Service's (NPS) Ala Kahakai Trail Program as follows (PD, DLNR-PR, NPS, on-going): 1. Continue to enforce county and state laws requiring public access to and along the shoreline as a condition of land use approvals. These trails may become official components of the Trail. 2. Require that applicants conduct metes and bounds surveys of any historic trails and routes that will be required as part of the land use permitting process to be preserved and that may become part of the Trail. 3. Encourage private landowners who have public access requirements as conditions of a land use approval to execute an agreement with the NPS to include these areas in the Trail, where appropriate. 4. Work with the NPS to identify public access easements with potential incorporation into the Trail. 5. Work with the NPS to identify trail segments through county parks for incorporation into the Trail. 6. Collaborate on the design and specific signage that identifies the route of the Trail, particularly where is traverses County Beach Parks. 7. Include the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail (NHT) administrative office on the mailing list for the Planning Commission. Objective ENV -3: Fiscal Commitments to Open Space. To affirm the commitment that expenditures for open space management are just as important as investment in hard infrastructure (e.g., water, sewer, and roads). Policy ENV -3.1: Acquisition Priorities. To supplement the activities of the County Open Space Commission, the Open Space Network Program shall identify high priority areas in Kona for public acquisition, based on the following criteria: a. Significant value; b. Extensive public use; c. Imminent threat by private development; and d. Lack of alternative means of protection. Action ENV -3.1a: Identify high priority areas for acquisition pursuant to Policy ENV - 2.1 Open Space Network Program (PD, PR, OSC, DLNR, 1-2). Policy ENV -3.2: Maintenance Commitment. A variety of funding sources shall be pursued to supplement, as necessary, existing government operational budgets to ensure a high standard of maintenance of all "hubs" and "links" identified in the Open Space Network Program. Action ENV -3.2a: Develop a financing strategy as part of Public Facilities Financing Program (PD, 1-2). KONA CDP 4-67 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Policy ENV -3.3: Public/Private Partnership. To foster a public and private partnership of stewardship, a Kona Treasures Fund should be established and administered by a non-profit entity to implement the environmental policies set forth in this plan by supplementing any governmental funding. The non-profit entity would enable individuals and/or businesses to contribute time and/or tax-deductible monetary contributions for environmental causes. Action ENV -3.3a: Establish Kona Treasures Fund as tax deductible organization (PD, KCC, 2-3). Action ENV -3.3b: Provide funding and staff support as well as public marketing campaign (PD, KCC, 2-3). y 4 Puuwa'MmcyPrjrd-vo. 4-68 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS CULTURAL RESOURCES 4.4 CULTURAL RESOURCES In the Hawaiian language and culture, Kona is a traditional Hawaiian moku (district) on the leeward side of the island. To kama`aina, however, it is more than just a region or place; it is part of our being. In tradition and custom, Kona's great beauty and many resources have been entrusted to the people by Akua (our Creator), and inherent in this trust comes kuleana (responsibility/obligation) to malama (care for) all that gives keola (life), so that it may ho`omau (be perpetuated). Today, this means to honor what has gone before, be responsible for the present, and plan for the future. In the Hawaiian language and culture, Kona is a traditional Hawaiian moku (district) on the leeward side of the island. To kama`aina, however, it is more than just a region or place; it is part of our being. In tradition and custom, Kona's great beauty and many resources have been entrusted to the people by Akua (our Creator), and Guiding Principles Cultural 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. ✓ 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. ✓ 3. Provide housing choices. 4. Provide recreation opportunities. ✓ 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. V 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. 8. Promote effective governance. ✓ inherent in this trust comes kuleana (responsibility/obligation) to malama (care for) all that gives keola (life), so that it may ho`omau (be perpetuated). Today, this means to honor what has gone before, be responsible for the present, and plan for the future. Ahupua`a and Malama `Aina In honoring the past, it is important to recognize the valuable lessons learned. One of these is the 7. ahupua`a land use model of sustainability, whereby the land was divided into pie -shaped wedges -- broad at the shoreline and narrowing in the uplands -- providing a good diversity of natural resources for its inhabitants. Another is that of malama `aina that calls for the responsible and respectful use of the land and sea, including all the natural resources in and on it, in a manner that promotes their conservation and perpetuation, so the present, as well as the future generation, may be able to enjoy them alike. Prior to 1778, Hawaiians lived and practiced these principles in a truly self-sufficient manner. Understanding and practicing these important principles of resource management are vital to understanding the Hawaiian cultural landscape and our place on it, especially when decisions are made which will impact that landscape and the long-term future of Kona. The very essence of this principle is embodied in the Hawaii State motto "Ua mau ke ea o ka `aina i ka pono", that the very life of the land is perpetuated in the proper relationship of humans with nature. KONA CDP 4-69 CULTURAL RESOURCES Figure 4-9: Traditional Uses Concept Map 1 A i 'rr CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 0 S l YP�Nte, " z t Graphic provided by Hilarie Keehne, Kamehameha Schools. 4-70 KONA CDP •� o c L tv Q vi y 1 iad c -ac r Q= s to o os L o a� V o EA 'C3 i `— rC E 3Q +O+ c tC E 'e,o = c �° �. u a o dot - 43 ft c $ re � ' Q 3fC 2 -aV i' 3 • CU E ° O � t U i VO *+ CL > CL' CU i = i t y UA c cw O Q = U ° E O -^ .Y rC O. Q rC d Cd Nom Id u W GJ v tv vs U •�"" m sn c OO C O � � CAS y i rG CU f zoo. Graphic provided by Hilarie Keehne, Kamehameha Schools. 4-70 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS CULTURAL RESOURCES Historical Perspective The districts of North and South Kona have been very significant in the history of Hawaii. Because of the mild climate, fertile mauka lands and abundant marine resources, from the time of the great chief, `Umi a Liloa, Kona has been favored as a place of residence by various ruling chiefs and their extended families. This resulted in a large population of inhabitants who settled in villages mainly along the coast (Kulakai), particularly around bays and fishponds. Additional land uses occurred in the middle zone (`apa`a), which supported temporary habitation and resource gathering between the makai (coastal) and mauka (upland) areas; and, the upland zones (wao kanaka), which supported larger -scale agriculture and dryland and lowland forests. Figure 4-9 depicts the traditional lands uses and zones extending from offshore areas to the piko or summit regions. To support these populations and settlements, an elaborate system of na ala hele (foot trails) was established between makai and mauka areas, and these intersected with the more lateral ala loa (long trails) that ran between the moku. Many of these trails still exist and can be found today, although some portions may have been altered, damaged or simply remain overgrown. Collectively, the settlements in Kona were probably some of the most densely populated in the Hawaiian Islands (U.S. National Park Service, September 1993) and, as a result, complex religious, social, and political systems and structures had developed around them. Many cultural practices, such as the Makahiki festival and other rituals for invoking rain and fertility, centered in Kona. Moreover, many ancient traditions and mythological personages were associated with Kona, such as the god Lono, who is credited with introducing primary plant foods such as taro, sweet potato, yams, sugarcane, and bananas to the Hawaiians. Kona played a very significant role during the Kamehameha dynasty, and several defining moments in Hawai`i's history took place here. According to Kamakau (1961), when Kamehameha the Great was in his final years at Kamakahonu, the coastal lands were part of a large royal center supporting the moi and his royal court, such that "at night the sparkle of lights reflected in the sea like diamonds, from the homes of the chiefs from Kahelo to Lanihau. The number of chiefs and lesser chiefs reached into the thousands." Following the death of Kamehameha I at Kamakahonu in 1819, his son Liholiho, succeeded him and, with the urging of the kuhina nui Ka`ahumanu and the Queen mother, Keopulani, he broke the traditional `ai kapu (eating prohibition) at Kamakahonu. A short while later, Liholiho was challenged by Kekuaokalani, the keeper of the war god Kukailimoku, who wanted no part of this change. A fierce battle ensued along the shore at Kuamo`o, and the hundreds that were killed in the battle, the last fight in Kona, were laid to rest at Lekeleke. Those burial grounds can be seen today at the end of Alii Drive, just south of Keauhou Bay. After the defeat of Kekuaokalani, the ancient kapu system was largely abolished, although some practices continued long after that. The following year and just a few months after the kapu system had been broken, the first Christian missionaries arrived at Kamakahonu, and, in 1823, Moku`aikaua, Hawai`i's first Christian church was erected in Kailua. Additional churches were then established throughout the district, a number of which still remain in active service today. KONA CDP 4-71 CULTURAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS After the death of Liholiho in 1825, Kauikeaouli became King Kamehameha III. His reign, which continued until 1854, was the longest in the history of Hawaiian Monarchy. The town of Kailua is one of the most historically significant areas in Hawaii, since it was the residence of Hawaiian chiefs, including being the primary home of King Kamehameha I. This area has been described by visitors in great detail. In 1823, when the English missionary, William Ellis, visited the area between Kailua and Keauhou, he reported passing through many villages where the houses "are generally built on the sea -shore" and mentioned seeing numerous heiau and burial grounds (Ellis 1963). In 1929-30, when Reinecke surveyed the coastal areas of Kona, he made detailed notes on the large numbers of cultural resources still remaining in those areas (Reinecke 1930). Today, even 185 years after Ellis' visit, the remains of these villages and the cultural resources associated with them are known and continue to be uncovered throughout Kona, especially in the lower elevations and coastal areas — a clear testament to the importance of Kona throughout Hawai`i's long history. Hawaiian ranching history precedes, and is distinct from, the ranch history of America's mainland west. When Captain George Vancouver gave the gift of a few cattle to King Kamehameha I in 1793, he had little idea how this single act would affect the history of Kona. Ten years later, an American gave a mare and a stallion to Kamehameha I. The ranching history of Kona began with these two small introductions. After bringing more cattle in 1794, Vancouver asked Kamehameha I to place a kapu on slaughtering them to allow the herd to grow. Kamehameha I placed a kapu and also constructed a huge stonewall, the "pa nui" to contain and protect them (Kona Historical Society, undated). The mid -1870's mark the beginning of the development of Kona's coffee industry. In the early years, Hawaiians and Chinese were hired to work on large coffee plantations. Later, Portuguese, Filipino, Japanese, and others, who had either fulfilled or broken their contracts with Hawai`i's sugar plantations, came to Kona to work the lands. Descendants of these workers remained in Kona and wove their lives together with the Hawaiian community, unified by the region's powerful natural environment, thus providing the foundation for Kona's incredible cultural landscape. Their mutual inter -dependence based on self-sufficiency, stewardship, and sustainability provides us with a model for the future. 4.4.1 Existing Conditions Kona's Cultural Landscape The cultural landscape of Kona is multi -faceted and pervasive, and, in today's modern society, sometimes not well understood. Nevertheless, it is this landscape that is at the heart and very natu re of the Hawaiian culture; it is also that which is so vulnerable to the impacts of Western civilization. In order to understand the concept of cultural landscape, it is important to have some knowledge of the long-standing and valued cultural traditions and practices of the Hawaiian people, their relationship with nature, and the importance of these to the sustainability of the culture for over one thousand years. According to cultural historian, Kepa Maly (2001), "in any culturally sensitive discussion on land use in Hawaii, one must understand that Hawaiian culture evolved in close partnership with its natural environment. Thus, Hawaiian culture does not have a clear dividing line of where culture ends and nature begins. In a traditional Hawaiian context, nature and culture are one and the same. There is no division 4-72 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS CULTURAL RESOURCES between the two". So, in the Hawaiian mind, all aspects of the land — all natural and cultural resources — are interrelated and culturally significant. Cultural Resource Identification, Determination, and Action Kona has long been valued and known for its year -around mild climate, magnificent natural beauty, island lifestyle, friendly people and ethnic diversity. Over the last 50 years, the Kanaka Ma`oli (Hawaiian) culture has undergone a true renaissance and interest in learning the traditions and customs of the host culture has grown significantly. To take responsibility for the present, the identity, scope and significance of valued cultural, historical and natural resources which remain on and a part of the Kona lands today, and the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights, practices and beliefs are exercised and need to be determined. Such a determination will provide direct information about the Hawaiian culture and convey a tangible and unique sense of place and values, all of which are important to the present and future generations of Kona residents and visitors alike. This, in turn, allows proper recognition and incorporation of the cultural landscape into modern land use planning. By doing so, it values native Hawaiian traditional and customary rights protected by the State constitution and further enables Hawaiian culture to thrive and perpetuate, as envisioned by the Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan (January 2008). Present Conditions: Kona's physical and cultural landscape has undergone tremendous change since Statehood, and with the ever increasing influx of new residents and visitors, the pace of this change has been more rapid, especially with new coastal and upland development taking place. Despite these changes, many areas of Kona still contain undisturbed historical and cultural resources which are significant and valued, not only by the Hawaiian people, but the Kona community, as well. While some sites are well known, most "When considering this relationship in the context of the present time, the historic preservation and cultural value of archaeological sites is more than just their excavation or information potential, and archaeologists should recognize that Hawaiian sites are cultural resources with spiritual and heritage values." sites are not apparent and are only found during archaeological surveys. There is a need to enhance the contribution that these sites can provide to the day to day lives of people in Kona, rather than merely creating database inventories. At the same time, there is the issue of not disclosing the locations of sites for fear of looting or damage by the curious public. Buddy E. Neller, 1998 Former SHPD Archaeologist (Ruby McDonald, 2008) The extensive Kona Field System from Hu`ehu`e to Honaunau and beyond, are the lands that were intensively cultivated and yielded significant •�• �. agricultural production. Portions of this field system have been recorded and can still be seen throughout Kona today. Kona contains approximately 40 sites listed on the National and State Historic Register. Most of these sites are of traditional Hawaiian origin and can yield information vital to Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National reconstructing Hawai`i's early history. Equally, and perhaps more Historic Park. significantly, however, are the thousands Pu`uhonua o Honaunau National of recorded historical and cultural sites and resources from the pre -contact Hawaiian period which are not listed on the "Register". Among these are numerous heiau along the Kona coast, particularly between KONA CDP 4-73 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, CULTURAL RESOURCES POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Kailua and Honaunau, including the more well-known structures at Kaloko-Honokohau National Historic Park, Ahu`ena at Kamakahonu, Kauakaiakaola in Puapua`a, the large complexes of Keolonahihi and Keakealaniwahine in Holualoa, those in the royal centers at Kahalu`u and Keauhou, Hikiau at Napo`opo`o, and, at Pu`uhonua o Honaunau National Historic Park, where Hale o Keawe was the ancestral mausoleum for many of Hawai`i's ruling chiefs before they were relocated to 0`ahu. 4.4.2 Overall Strategy For the purposes of this plan, the Historic Sites Element of the County General Plan has been expanded to: "Kona's Cultural Resources." The perspective of cultural resources much more fully captures the breath of Kona's cultural landscape, past, present, and future. The future well-being of Kona's cultural landscape can only be meaningfully addressed by policies in this plan by recognizing: The fundamental relationship between cultural resources and the natural environment, and The urgent need to ensure their protection very early in the land use planning process. Necessarily, this must involve commitments by citizens who have knowledge of these resources and by government representatives who have a direct role in the land use planning process itself, including those who are charged with proper implementation and enforcement of process itself, including those who are charged with proper implementation and enforcement of laws designed to protect these resources. Protection of resources will be aided by incorporating the values and philosophy of the ahupua`a resource management system into land use planning and decision- making). In addition, there is a need to recognize the significant cultural and historic resources that are part of our built environment within the District of Kona. The "built environment" includes historic buildings, our villages, and our agriculture lands, such as the Kona Coffee belt. Throughout this plan, there are policies that will provide tools to better celebrate and protect Kona's cultural landscape including: "Preserving Hawaii's historic buildings, landscapes and communities is more than a feel good exercise, more than an economic development strategy and more than a marketing approach for the tourism industry. It is central to who we are as a society and the value that we place on the people, places and events that shaped our present communities." Linda Delaney, 1990 OHA Land and Native Rights Dept. (Ruby McDonald, 2008) ■ Long-term protection and management of watersheds ■ Long-term protection and management of coastal resources ■ Protection and re-establishment of public trails ■ Preservation of rural, small town, country character/atmosphere ■ Retention of open space and prevention of urban sprawl The County General Plan's Historic Sites Element, adopted in 2005, includes a number of goals, policies and standards that fall outside of the State Historic Preservation Division's (SHPD) jurisdiction. SHPD also lacks the regional insight needed to build upon the cultural foundation for Kona. While there is a sense of the value of all ethnic groups who have come to Kona, information on the pre -contact and early -contact eras remain largely undocumented and are in danger of being lost due to a lack of comprehensive planning through a common, local knowledge base. Therefore, the time has come for the County of Hawaii to take 4-74 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS CULTURAL RESOURCES a proactive role in the compilation of information on and management of our cultural resources, not just in the Kona district, but throughout Hawaii County. In doing so, the County will be able to supplement State policies in the following areas: ■ Pursue community education initiatives about cultural traditions and resources ■ Establish/update inventory of cultural resources ■ Increase community interaction with cultural resources ■ Encourage the use and protection of mea kanu (native plants) ■ Promote the accurate and proper use of the Hawaiian language and traditional Hawaiian place names ■ Revise, implement and enforce county policies/laws to protect resources ■ Uphold constitutionally protected rights ■ Establish funding sources directed toward Cultural Resource protection The following Goals, Objectives, Policies, Actions will greatly enhance our ability to implement the goals adopted within the General Plan's Historic Sites Element. 4.4.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions Cultural Resources Goal: The multi-ethnic cultures of Kona are preserved, protected, and restored in a manner that perpetuates those cultures and all aspects of the Aloha Spirit. Objective CR -1: Community -Based Program. Develop a community-based program to evaluate and to protect Kona's cultural resources. Kona is rich with historic and cultural resources, but organized, proactive processes to provide stewardship for these resources are lacking. Policy CR -1.1: Cultural Resources Commission (CRC). The Action Committee should work closely with the County of Hawaii Cultural Resources Commission to implement the Kona CDP's goals, policies, and actions for Kona, along with the General Plan including: 1. Review and supplement the State's inventory of historic sites, trails, and buildings 2. Recommend that cultural resources, including trails and historic sites appropriate for public access be included as part of the Kona CDP Open Space Network Program. Provide recommendations for the County to purchase appropriate buffers surrounding these sites, and providing appropriate tools for interpretation. 3. Recommend which cultural resources may not be appropriate for public access. 4. Assist in the identification, preservation and restoration of historic buildings. 5. Prepare a report on Kona's cultural landscape that would form the basis for: a. Assisting in the development of a joint program with the State and private property owners to protect and/or restore sites on public or private lands. b. Aiding in the development of a public education program regarding Kona's cultural landscape and resources. c. Identifying funding sources, such as the Kona Treasures Fund and the County Open Space Fund, to undertake actions designated in this plan. d. Promoting the accurate and proper use of the Hawaiian language and traditional Hawaiian place names. KONA CDP 4-75 CULTURAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS e. Assisting in promoting public awareness, education, and the appropriate use of native plants in public and private landscaping. Action CR -1.1.a: Establish the CRC. The Cultural Resources Commission has been established in accordance with Chapter 2 of the Hawaii County Code (PD, 1-2). Action CR -1.1b: Identify by GPS coordinates all existing historic trail alignments that (a) have been recommended for preservation by SHPD, (b) appear on historic maps and/or are known by oral tradition, and incorporate these into the County GIS database (PD, CRC, SHPD, NPS, 1-2) Action CR -1.1c: On a continuing basis, V Plane Table Mapping at Kapuanoni Heiau. Kamehameha Investment Corporation identify by GPS coordinates, all cultural resource sites recommended for preservation by SHPD and CRC, and incorporate in County's GIS database (PD, CRC, SHPD,1-2) Action CR -1.1d: Budget sufficient county funding to provide for administrative and technical support for CRC to complete its duties listed in Policy CR -1.1 (PD, CRC, 1- 2) Action CR -1.1e: Establish a work plan to accomplish the duties in Policy CR —1.1 (CRC, PD, 1) Action CR -1.1f: Prepare Cultural Landscape Report. (CRC, PD, 1-2) Objective CR -2: Funding of Kona Historic Resources Programs. In addition to budgeting general fund revenues, the County of Hawaii should seek and participate in programs that can provide resources serving to protect and enhance Kona's historic resources. The federal government offers one source of preservation grant funds to local government agencies that is administered and distributed through the State Division of Historic Preservation. Known as Certified Local Government (CLG) funds, these monies are provided to the state by the federal government with the express purpose that they be distributed to support preservation projects engaged in by local governments. Typically, CLG funds help pay for historic site surveys and other studies and planning projects. If Hawaii County becomes qualified as a CLG, it will become eligible to apply for funding to complete studies of the historic resources in Kona and throughout the County. Policy CR -2.1: Certified Local Government. The County shall maintain the CLG status as Part of the National Historic Preservation Program, by establishing a Hawaii County Cultural Resources Commission (CRC). 4-76 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS •' T Recently restored Hapaiali'i Heiau in the foreground and Ke'eku Heiau in the background undergoing restoration. Kamehameha Investment Corporation. CULTURAL RESOURCES Action CR -2.1a: The County shall maintain certification as a CLG under the National Historic Preservation CLG Program in order to be eligible to apply for and receive preservation funding administered by SHPD (CRC, PD, 1-2). Policy CR -2.2: Regulatory System. The County should examine interrelated responsibilities, identify weaknesses in the current programs, and make recommendations for improving programs regulating and protecting cultural resources and historic sites. This may result in recommendations for changes in policy County -wide or specifically to the Kona CDP. Action CR -2.2a: The County shall convene a workshop(s) that would include government agency representatives, cultural representatives and other stakeholders to review and make recommendations on the current programs intended to protect cultural resources and other historic sites (CRC, 3-5) Action CR -2.2b: The County shall recommend amendments to appropriate ordinances to incorporate the stewardship and protection of historic sites, buildings and artifacts (Grubbing and Grading, Subdivision Code) (CRC, 3-5) Action CR -2.2c: The County shall recommend amendments to appropriate ordinances to incorporate the appropriate use of native plants in the landscaping of public facilities such as schools, government buildings, and parks. (CRC, 3-5) Objective CR -3: Preservation of Kanaka Ma`oli Culture and Island Values. Ensure that our Kanaka Ma`oli and island values and cultures are preserved and perpetuated. The following is from the Strategic Actions, Kanaka Ma`oli and Island Values, Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan. Policy CR -3.1: Honor Kanaka Ma`oli culture and heritage. The Kanaka Ma`oli culture is the foundation of Hawai`i's living culture. We must ensure that the Kanaka Ma`oli people are supported and that this part of our culture is perpetuated. The success of this endeavor will ensure that the way of the Kanaka Ma`oli will guide our actions and behaviors in the years ahead. Hula halau dancing at the Kamehameha III Birthday Concert. Kamehameha Investment Corporation. KONA CDP 4-77 CULTURAL RESOURCES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action CR -3.1a: Ensure the existence of and support for public and private entities that further the betterment of Kanaka Ma`oli (public and private agencies, on-going). Action CR -3.1b: Increase fluency in Kanaka Ma`oli language. It is one of the official languages of Hawaii (community, DOE, UH, on-going). Action CR -3.1c: Sponsor cross -sector dialogue on Kanaka Ma`oli culture and island values (public and private agencies, on-going). Action CR -3.1d: Protect Kanaka Ma`oli intellectual property and related traditional knowledge (public and private agencies, community, SHPD, on-going). Action CR -3.1e: Provide Kanaka Ma`oli cultural education for residents, visitors and the general public (public and private agencies, community, on-going) Policy CR -3.2: Preserve and perpetuate our Hawaiian and island cultural values by celebrating our cultural diversity and island way of life. Our diversity likewise defines us. Ensuring that our cultural practices flourish through language, dance, song, and art is crucial to sustaining who we are as a people. We must protect and nurture all aspects of our diverse history, traditions and cultures. Action CR -3.2a: Increase the number of educators who teach cultural and historic education (public and private agencies, community, on-going). Policy CR -3.3: Enable Kanaka Ma`oli and others to pursue traditional Kanaka Ma`oli lifestyles and practices. We must provide opportunities to those who want to pursue and perpetuate the way of the Kanaka Ma`oli. Action CR -3.3a: Provide Kanaka Ma`oli mentors with opportunities to pass on Hawaiian culture and knowledge to the next generation of Kanaka Ma`oli and others. The power of wisdom comes from communication (public and private agencies, community, on-going). Action CR -3.3b: Perpetuate Kanaka Ma`oli food production associated with land and ocean traditions and practices (public and private agencies, community, on-going). Policy CR -3.4: Provide support for subsistence -based businesses and economies. We must create opportunities for the Kanaka Ma`oli practice of subsistence -based businesses and economies, and remove the hurdles to their start-ups and development. Such traditional cultural practices are an economic alternative to Western forms of trade and commerce. Subsistence fishing, gathering, hunting and farming are examples of subsistence -based economies that are viable. Policy CR -3.5: Ahupua`a Resource and Management. Integrate the values and principles of the traditional ahupua`a resource and management systems as a basis for a sustainable Hawaii. 4-78 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS HOUSING Action CR -3.5a: Apply the ahupua`a concept in action plan for the Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (Policy ENV -1.2). HOUSING The Housing section of the Kona CDP identifies objectives, policies and actions to guide the development of affordable housing in Kona. Over the past decade, housing availability, including affordable housing, has been a growing issue within the County of Hawaii. Rapid population growth in Kona has not been accompanied by parallel growth in affordable housing construction. The cost of housing construction; the price of land, and the second home market all contribute to the lack of affordable housing opportunities. The availability of safe and decent housing for all segments of our community is at the center of what it takes to sustain a healthy community. Access to a range of available housing affords the opportunity for our community to be ethnically, professionally and age diverse. It is the core of a strong, vibrant community. A continuum of housing options shall exist, including housing for homeless and disabled, housing for the elderly, affordable rental housing, and affordable home ownership. Housing types should be located to create a mix of housing opportunities for individuals and families. 4.5.1 Existing Conditions Guiding Principles Housing 1. Protect Kona's natural resources 1990 and culture. 1997 2. Provide connectivity and 19991 transportation choices. ✓ 3. Provide housing choices. ✓ 4. Provide recreation opportunities. 48,253 5. Direct future growth patterns 59,098 toward compact villages, preserving 61,108 Kona's rural, diverse, and historical 67,878 character. ✓ 6. Provide infrastructure and % Change 1990-2000 = 2.5% % Change 2000-2003 = 2.6% % Change 2003-2006 = 4.3% essential facilities concurrent with Source: 2006 Housing Policy Study, growth. 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. 8. Promote effective governance. ✓ In 2006, SMS Research & Marketing Services, in cooperation with the Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation (HHFDC) and the various Counties' housing agencies, prepared the Hawaii Housing Policy Study, 2006 (February 2007) that reviewed various housing issues throughout the State of Hawaii. This study provides current data but is primarily county -wide and not district -specific. As the population increases, new households are formed and the need for housing increases. If the rate of housing production keeps up with population increase, then housing availability will be sufficient to handle the need generated by new households. Between 2003 and 2006, the County of Hawaii had an annual increase of 4.3% in total housing units, while having a 2.7% annual population increase during the same period (see Table 4-2) (SMS Research & Marketing Services, Inc., 2006). KONA CDP 4-79 Table 4-2 Total Housing Units, Count of Hawai'i, 1990 - 2006 1990 1992 1997 19991 2000 1 2003 1 20042005 2006 48,253 49,394 59,098 61,108 62,674 67,878 70,927 71,984 77,577 % Change 1990-2000 = 2.5% % Change 2000-2003 = 2.6% % Change 2003-2006 = 4.3% Source: 2006 Housing Policy Study, SMS Research & Marketing Services, Inc., February 2007 KONA CDP 4-79 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, HOUSING POLICIES, AND ACT/ONS Although home construction has outpaced population growth, ironically, this County, and particularly Kona, has a housing crisis. The production of new homes has been skewed to the upper income. As the real estate prices on the West Coast have surpassed those in Hawaii, the out-of-state demand has increased Where We Have Been Housing Prices and Rents, 1985-2006 $400,000 $350,000 $300,000 $250,000 $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 sales - - rent $1,900 $1,700 $1,500 $1,300 $1,100 $900 $700 $500 and has pushed home prices to record highs. In this County, nearly 10% of the single-family homes and 16% of the condominium units were owned by persons from outside the State (SMS Research & Marketing Services, Inc., February 2007). Between 1990 and 2006, the housing stock Statewide occupied by Hawaii households has dropped from 92% to 86.8%, reflecting the recent trends for increased resort development, increased out-of-state real estate purchases, increased number of second homes, and the conversion of residential units for visitor use. (SMS Research & Marketing Services, Inc., February 2007). Housing prices and rents in 2006 have been at historic highs. The chart to the left shows that the countywide rate of increase in median price for sales prices and rents from 2003 to 2006 has been unprecedented (SMS Research & Marketing Services, Inc., February 2007). An enormous impact of rapid price run -ups and lower affordability is an increase in the number of households with inadequate housing. Inadequate housing can be defined as including households affected by pent-up demand, doubling up, and homelessness. Other impacts of the lack of affordability include an increase in the number of young families moving out of the County, shortage of workers, and workers forced to commute from more affordable areas such, as Hawaii Ocean View Estates (HOVE) in Ka`u, who commute to their jobs in north Kona and Kohala. Kona not only has a shortage of housing for families below the median income of the area, but also has a shortage of housing for many moderate -income households that affects the ability to recruit and retain essential community personnel, such as police officers, fire fighters, teachers, medical support, and civil servants. The County of Hawaii defines an affordable unit as a for -sale or rental unit affordable to a household earning up to 140% of the County's median income, where the housing costs (e.g., rent or mortgage and utilities) would not exceed 30% of the household income. The qualifying household income depends on household size (see Table 4-3 for the 2006 Affordable Housing Income Guidelines). Based on 30% housing costs at an assumed interest rate, Table 4-4 shows the 2007 affordable sales price and rents. 4-80 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS The affordability ratio is the ratio of the affordable housing price to the median home price. A ratio of 1.0 means the median market price is at a level affordable to the median income household, less than 1.0 means the median market price exceeds the affordable price, and greater than 1.0 means the median market price is lower than the affordable price. The chart to the right shows that for Hawaii County, the affordability ratio dropped from affordable (over 1.10) in 2002 to very unaffordable (about 0.70) in 2006 (SMS Research & Marketing Services, Inc., February 2007). The Housing Study projects that the median price has peaked and the affordability ratio should start to improve to about 0.80 by 2010. 4.5.2 Overall Strategy The market forces and cost of infrastructure in Kona has driven the price of homes skyward. Without intervention, the market will deliver affordably priced homes further and further away from employment job centers, resulting in long commutes for the workforce. Affordable housing within the urban core is essential to maintain and enhance an economical and viably diverse community. The market also does not adequately meet special housing needs. Intervention strategies are long overdue and need to be coordinated with existing island -wide initiatives. Existing island -wide initiatives include: ■ Affordable rental property tax incentives. Property tax incentives are in place to encourage landlords to offer affordable rents (HCC Sections 19-2 and 19-53); HOUSING Dilemma of Workforce Housing: Case example of a 2 -income household of a starting police officer and an elementary school teacher Even for a two -income family of a starting police officer and an elementary school, to purchase a new home at the median price of $500,000 would require paying 50% of their household income for mortgage, property taxes, property insurance, and utilities. Median sales price 3- bdrm SFD $500,000.00 80% Mortgage $400,000.00 Monthly payment @ 6.5% interest, 30 yrs $2,528.27 Property tax $333.33 Insurance $416.67 Utilities $300.00 Subtotal: Shelter costs $3,578.27 Starting Police salary + starting teacher salary per month $7,166.67 2006 County median $4,250.00 Police + Teacher % median 169% Shelter: Income % 50% Affordability Hawaii County Affordable Price/Actual Price AFFORDABILITY w , 30 a , 20 1 0 w 090 a 080 010 Q 060 0'0 oao ■ Density bonus. The inclusionary zoning requirements in HCC Chapter 11 provide a density bonus where a developer who is required to meet the 20% affordable housing requirement is entitled to a 10% density bonus and 10% reduction in lot size from what is permitted under the existing zoning (HCC Section 11-8). Homebuyer education program. The County Office of Housing and Community Development (OHCD) has contracted with the Hawaii Home Ownership Center to provide an island -wide homebuyer education program that includes the following: financial literacy (setting financial goals, preparing budget plans, saving for homeownership, understanding credit), shopping for a home (identifying needs, tenancies and tenure, referrals to lenders and realtors), and post -purchase counseling (basic maintenance and repair, predatory lending, mortgage delinquency counseling). KONA CDP 4-81 HOUSING CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ■ Hawai`i Island Housing Trust (HINT). The County established this 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation to develop housing projects and provide technical or financial assistance to other non- profits. The overall strategy builds on these on-going initiatives and structures a partnership where all sectors are asked to contribute towards finding solutions to the very complex problem of affordable housing—for landlords to consider affordable rentals, for private developers especially to help meet the needs of our workforce population, for the public sector and non -profits to share the burden of providing housing for the lower income, and for the community to support these efforts with donations, time, and awareness. The primary target groups for housing assistance includes three sectors: 1. Low-income households (<80% median income): Since this group will find it very difficult to support a market rate mortgage to buy a home, the focus is to expand self-help housing program opportunities, build more new rental units (primary responsibility of government and non -profits), encourage affordable rentals of existing units through property tax incentives, and provide supplemental assistance for the Section 8 rental subsidy; 2. Moderate -income households (80 to 180% median income): To enhance homeownership opportunities, the focus is to provide incentives for non-profit housing entities and private developers, to optimize the use of suitable government land for affordable housing projects, to enhance the first-time buyer's capacity through homebuyer education and counseling programs, and to keep these affordable units affordable upon subsequent sales through deed restrictions; and ■ Elderly and disabled: To encourage private developers to build more units appropriate for the elderly or disabled, bonus incentives are provided; to assist the elderly and disabled evaluate housing choices in relation to their special needs, a one-stop information and counseling center is proposed. As a framework to focus the efforts, the strategy involves the following plans: 1. Build Units. ■ Research and Develop an Affordable Housing Floating Zone PUD. As an incentive to the private sector, an affordable housing floating zone should be researched as a policy tool that would expedite rezoning for property less than 15 acres within the Kona Urban Area. ■ Encourage Innovative Redevelopment within Existing Villages. Existing building codes may pose obstacles to rehabilitation of existing buildings or innovative new construction. A central point in government (the Design Center) would assist in identifying and resolving case - specific problems and opportunities. ■ Identify and Facilitate the Use of Suitable Public Lands. The use of public lands for affordable housing significantly reduces the land cost of developing such housing. 4-82 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Table 4-3: 2006 Affordable Income Guidelines - o 0 ani 60 ? O w U th M � m C C 0 0 a � m � o � m E 919 0 a 0- Mi o. c c .No Cf1M or m (9 EA M - c a1 O EO N N o , U ' ° D O o o n a o a E - N 0 p N b Sr CO 7 E.t' M y C Q1 91� o ON d L p N V m. O O 0 m O b O M o pop W c,p - E c \ a 3 1°/] O Cw C J � K i ' 'E m p V J o r o N c J E.°a -aE 7 L w O U Ea _2!,..» Vo 7 - o N j oO mo ac> o 0 0 two W C 0 o vo 'cf 7 y o v Y o 7 O N O a \Ym tf J O N O E p J mx a E Q.0 M Q E N y O a W E 4 0 (a0 c C .- c £ n Q1 CD t x C F• N a CLL 0 O V) V9 e oM o y D o o ro a a U% p E "off Z M~ a N Q D 'N O i N o M wO; = C C m o c6 Bio Q Cil u E N a v a T o OV ha .Eo Q p E o 3v 3e 0 �E b b , �E Q O. Table 4-3: 2006 Affordable Income Guidelines - o 0 60 00 0 d o 0 o 0 0 CU ply ACV N lb0 CO (per N M MO CO n M N (Do V (D o M oo O O CV N .No Cf1M or m (9 EA lfj FA (fl Vi {ii vj Vi 69 w o" n0 (DO N 0o M O Ipn N no m o W 00 O D O qD o 00 b 1 Lo oo h n o (O N pop W c,p ac1l V 1'J w Vi CA fry E9 6'. Vi w V) E5 Vi - oO mo ac> o 0 0 two W 0 0 coo Qp cei 0 o vo 'cf O o Mo .p Do o O OD \Ym lf7N �N jcq N (A Vd f/! V3 66 Vi Vd V3 V) V9 fA _ oo ©o 0o 00 0o Bio !ar ha NN ' . N V (o N n co '.:. N N3 V) b9 fA % w Ffj (A W EA qk w - - 0 o ao i�M 6 o mo ...m n o coo MLQ 0 o 0o NN Do coo W M Do o Inn o Co Q, � W O q' W N m 'a: N co CG U.": N N Cp N fjI N V3 V3 V3 V) EA V3 (fl VJ to V> fi! V3 Do �t o MCO o) N 0 o N O co N '7 IT Do m 0 'V N o ,w O O 1- O OCA Do h 0 w) V O to O o 1- o o N N sn <r n Ln m cn •: N to M N co Un N f9 CA vi FA (� V) fA V! Fn (A H3 69 - o to So �� �M u of ui coM v a iri r to o oou'oR r v Ln N fA (A (A CA 6s w bi to fA CA [H VA - CODO Oo 00 OPN lo� M V Cp MM NaO m c4 (DVnW io a 1� C5 6 w fA CA Vi 6e Vd Ifl Vi w V3 w V3 - no mo ChE O oo mo N .- '� � bo mo (((.D.�� co c•J M no Doo co Co M � 00 coo pMp, CCCpp R to 0o mo CMq I �. c4 ffY V) V! CA (i3 V9 (fj V) V) Vi Do o 0 Do O O o O O O N co N m q O M f 7 N M M V (/i l� 4/9 Vi (fl V3 fA fA d3 EA fA Vd N M CD W liJ W -` w W W V1 J.ID. u N v W -' "C W v .d 'C to 'a 'C cl LLc, ILL I LL _N LL _m LL I C, m � C N N N `m o m c' x� O m c 0 0 a � N u G � ma U 0 - N c E m .c d O •� c m o d T C 0 z1 U M N a H O A M 0 C @ Ca E i7 N C D 0 N O Cq N M w W •F U W O1 i� a @ a 0 M CL a N O p M U .Q N d N � � 3 a o. m M a tO O co al w O m o � �o O a, L cc T A M �N C d O � (tl t M O @ M p Ia 0 HOUSING U i M X E 0 0 caca N a N 07 `o G _T U KONA CDP 4-83 HOUSING CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTrvES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Table 4-4: Affordable Sales and Rent Guidelines for County of Hawaii z Q LU LU 2 w LL 0 LU;jUj -4 Nm U- >- LJ LL >-wn 10zv� U) -i h- w J W w LLQ0 ()> LU z m(nuU.Fw W Z N (0 - Jw ;]w Mw¢O ©w- - LLJ L9 W z =maD a U�z2LA N z � O � Lij w� F- Z _ -t 0 O OOoo 0 ULL�U N x Z 2 M WW M — t- F- F- Z w OOD N U O LIJ J 0- L0 LLL 0© c CD cc m LJJ r U) a Z3III CO O OI Cn W F jJ O � 0- U M z i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NO 00h Lom000mm CA W h u7 V' M N w- O M (D W h toM c- N M mh M v t(iM N W h (M h Oh co W V O) N O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 00 co 't 0 OJ W N N h W to O O V h W h N M V. m N v r O O Ind' N mh 4 N O(O 000 NW 0 •- N N M <t• w 4 m o 1l - m m m 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 (n000(DoWLD mrnocoorhroLntn 000 tnmMco W m crir20tr.r.= W ui(. 'q-0wmm �NNM V Vt to W 01-i`c0 W 0000000000000_0 I'- WcO co to Nm W MNO t- It <!' m cr W M O N h N h h (fl (fl (D MNmtnN W W W mto hM �- NMM Vt u7 LO (0 lhh co 00000a0o0oo000 M 00 LOW to It 00— O M(O TN 01 OJ> a O OR 0 Ot Of Ot M OctM cc It 00 0 O O O O o p Q O O 0 0 m Mh W aW- CD uimMh W V• M O ifi N i+l�•hh(O to N O W (f?NhM 00 (7) -,i m V'm r N N M M v v V• to Ln CO (D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 moo LO 1O 0dM0 v W m _ v P. W M mN' MM -c\1 -c m IT D) [t m c) W M CO M V CO M h N N M M v "r V to to CD 0 m 0 W 00 M (U o0 W V O M o to 0 0 0 W 0 to o N 0 m M LO h m .-- M«'t h I- «7 'tet M W N (D c to m M h w N CP O [f N M CO M cl' -T to 0 O O O O o 0 o O P o O P O P O c^NM O O O VN(D O 0 0 hNmO 0 0 0 0 0 NM 0 0 V m E°'`�°N � t N 0 M0 m � C ro, O V w a m -- m o rn.E v � c y c m i c o t � W t 3r 3 E y ro a 2 O0 mV m Q 0 :01 tT O m .n 0 N U 0 m EO A �F-0cEm E ro ro 0 O O G= 0 m O00 m g-0 E N E 0 2v , E0 c. � c E au Q 00 •D C Y J U E 12 ay S n N O L N E��-�m 5 N m o o O U E co cEmc mm w 0 � r w w 0 3 0 m N 1a SDD�a ro o °3 _ (6 _ o N U 0 3f6Em 0-6 (OJ ro N Z•m cw>. E o m C _ w m' ZE o 6 0 > 0 N m N m C N E j- . D- 6 U _ <T M N ,r- 0 C ro C no m0 = to E w E m 4 " m o p m O F- .0 O Ec �S �m x .S m 3 S 4-84 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS HOUSING ■ Promote Accessory Units. Accessory units (also known as `ohana units) increase the affordable rentals inventory, and also could enhance a buyer's marginal capacity to buy a home by factoring the supplemental rent income. Together with the County's new tax break for affordable rentals, this would be an incentive for more homeowners to consider creating affordable accessory units. ■ Offer Pre -Approved Affordable Designs. Small landowners or contractors could be encouraged to build affordable units if pre -approved plans for starter homes, accessory units, or other housing types were available at nominal or no cost. 2. Maintain the Affordable Inventory. Keep Some Units Perpetually Affordable. In a down market, the homes with restrictions are hardest to sell. But unless restrictions are imposed, as soon as the market turns, the prices will quickly escalate beyond the affordable range. Even in an up market, restricted homes that offer better quality for the price as a result of subsidies and/or the reduction of the land cost through a lease arrangement may be able to compete with unrestricted market homes. Government or non -profits should take the lead to develop and administer the perpetually - affordable inventory. ■ Replace the Displaced. For redevelopment projects, if there are any existing affordable units within the project area, the redevelopment project shall provide units comparable in number and affordability. ■ Renovate Under -Used Existing Rental Housing. Encourage repair, renovate, or redevelop existing public housing or multi -family private units. 3. Increase Buying and Renting Capacity. Address Workforce Gap Group Needs. A segment of the population earns too much to qualify for affordable housing programs, yet too little to buy or rent decent housing close to their place of employment. These are your teachers, police officers, fire fighters, mechanics, and other moderate income households. In an area such as Kona, where ordinary homes are significantly more expensive than other parts of the island, the County's definition of "affordable" needs to be expanded to include this group to qualify for appropriate assistance. ■ Enhance Buying Capacity. There are various means to help a prospective buyer to qualify for a mortgage, such as no -down -payment loan or low-interest loan for the down payment; location -efficient mortgages that give credit for reduced transportation costs when locating closer to work; and energy-efficient mortgages that give credit for energy-saving designs that reduce monthly utility costs. Enhance Renting Capacity. Kona's rents often are too high to qualify for Section 8 assistance. A supplemental subsidy source could reduce the number of returned Section 8 vouchers. KONA CDP 4-85 HOUSING CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ■ Provide Education and Counseling. To become a homeowner requires financial knowledge and good credit. An effective education and credit counseling program is essential in qualifying buyers and assuring that they are responsible homeowners. ■ Raise the Workforce Earning Power. Community involvement is necessary in order to create and sustain a quality educational system. Only by increasing the learning capabilities and practical skills through our educational system can we shift upward the percentage of Kona residents who earn enough to buy a home. For this reason, the policies and actions related to workforce development (see Policy ECON-1.4) are pertinent to housing. 4. Address Special Needs. ■ Elderly and Disabled. Even for those who are able to afford long-term care, choices are lacking. To stimulate the supply, developers would be allowed to receive additional credit for assisted living and other types of special housing which apply to the specific needs of the elderly and disabled, respectively. A one-stop center to provide information on housing choices is direly needed (see Section 4.6 Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services). ■ Single -resident Occupancy Units (SRO's). Single -resident occupancy units, which are dormitory -like structures, are particularly suitable to single farm workers and commuting resort workers who need a place to stay during the work week. Because of the predominance of these types of workers in Kona, developers are expected to meet their needs. ■ Farm workers. To encourage more farm worker housing, a policy interpretation of the zoning code may allow farm workers to live on a different farm than where they work. ■ Homeless. The Kona Housing Trust Fund, discussed in Policy HSG -1.2, proposes an additional source of funding to meet emergency needs to abate homelessness and to increase the supply of homeless shelters. 5. Create a Funding Source and Housing Advocate. ■ Turn the Second -Home Market into an Ally. Recognize the rippling effects of Kona's booming second -home market on the construction costs and sales prices of homes, ensure that resort residential development either build affordable units (onsite or offsite) or pay in -lieu fees. Establish a Non -Profit Corporation and Trust Fund. Establish a Kona Housing Trust Fund to be administered by a Kona -based board of directors. This fund could be a repository for HCC Chapter 11 in -lieu fees, shared appreciation proceeds, and other designated sources. The fund would be used to finance or provide a match to subsidize land acquisition, water commitment fees, predevelopment activities, infrastructure improvements, and other related activities. The Trust could also facilitate matching developers who hold affordable housing credits with those who need credits to satisfy their HCC Chapter 11 affordable housing requirements. Monitor Market Conditions and Need. Kona's housing needs, which are unique to the rest of the County, justify the need for regional -specific data to nimbly respond to changing needs and market 4-86 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS HOUSING conditions. The Kona Housing Trust Fund is the funding source for data collection spearheaded by the Kona Housing Non -Profit. 4.5.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions Housing Goal: Diversity of housing choices for all segments of the population close to places of employment and/or daily needs. Objective HSG -1: Create Local Funding Source. To establish a non-profit entity and funding source to address Kona's affordable housing needs, which are particularly acute relative to the other areas of the County. Policy HSG -1.1: Kona Housing Non -Profit. The Kona CDP Action Committee (see Section 5.2.1 Organizational Structure and Membership) should advocate for existing non-profit corporations, or the creation of a new non-profit corporation, to carry out the Housing policies. The board of directors for this Kona Housing Non -Profit should be Kona -based. Besides administering the Kona Housing Trust Fund, this non-profit should carry out other responsibilities specified in this plan. Policy HSG -1.2: Kona Housing Trust Fund. The Kona Housing Non -Profit should establish a Kona Housing Trust Fund. The potential funding sources to be coordinated with the County include linkage fees, which are funds contributed by companies requiring large numbers of employees, in -lieu fees, shared appreciation proceeds, charitable contributions, and others. The fund would be used as authorized by the Kona Housing Non -Profit, including without limitation, down payment assistance to first-time homebuyers, supplemental Section 8 subsidy, supplemental homebuyer education and counseling, homeless shelters, emergency rent, and data gathering. Objective HSG -2: Monitoring Housing Conditions. To gather Kona -specific data in order to adjust to changing needs and market conditions. Policy HSG -2.1: Data Gathering. The Kona Housing Trust Fund may be used to finance annual gathering of relevant data, as determined by the Kona Housing Non -Profit, including, without limitation, the following: 1. To evaluate whether adjustments of target groups are necessary: a. Median income for North and South Kona residents; b. Median home sales price for North and South Kona; c. Median rental for North and South Kona; d. % own vs. % rent. To evaluate current need for affordable units: a. Number of affordable rental units and vacancy rates (Section 8 rent units or receiving property tax break); b. Number of returned Section 8 vouchers; c. Number of perpetually affordable (controlled appreciation or leased) units and vacancy rates; KONA CDP 4-87 HOUSING CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS d. Number of affordable units sold at market price (due to lack of demand for restricted affordable unit); e. Number on waiting list for government housing. Objective HSG -3: Increase Buying and Renting Capacity of Target Groups. To assist the lower income groups in obtaining decent housing and to enhance the opportunities of first-time homebuyers. Policy HSG -3.1: Homebuyer Education and Counseling. The Kona Housing Non -Profit should have the authority to supplement the County's homebuyer education and counseling program, ensuring appropriate and meaningful outreach to educate prospective first-time Kona homebuyers on strategies to save money, finance mortgages (including the potential rental income of an accessory unit), rehabilitate credit, and other pertinent subjects. Policy HSG -3.2: First -Time Homebuyers. The Kona Housing Non -Profit (see Policy HSG -3.4 below) should have the authority to finance programs to assist first-time Kona homebuyers, thus supplementing available county, state, or federal programs. Policy HSG -3.3: Low -Income Renters. The Kona Housing Non -Profit should have the authority to finance a program to supplement the Section 8 subsidy to pay security deposits, or provide other assistance, in order to minimize the number of returned vouchers. Policy HSG -3.4: Employer -Assisted Rental. The Kona Housing Non -Profit should have the authority to assist employers who provide rental assistance to their employees for onsite housing or housing within five (5) miles of the place of work by locating rental units and expanding recruitment advertisements. Objective HSG -4: Build More Units. To build more units that offer a variety of housing types, tenures, and affordability Policy HSG -4.1: Public Sector and Non -profits Primarily Responsible to Meet Needs of Lower -Income and Middle -Income Renters. Because affordable rents cannot usually fully pay for the actual costs to develop a rental project, the private market cannot be relied upon to deliver these types of projects. Therefore, public housing projects and projects using public lands or financing should devote a significant percentage of the residential units to meeting the needs of middle-income renters (50 to 100% of median income) and lower-income households (less than 50% of median). Policy HSG -4.2: Workforce Housing. Because of the higher market sales prices in Kona, relative to the other parts of the island, even the workforce group (up to 180% of median income) has difficulty finding housing close to work. Therefore, a developer of a housing project in Kona may earn an affordable housing credit of 0.25 for every completed for -sale dwelling unit affordable for qualified households earning 120-180% of median, provided that this provision shall be superseded by any subsequent amendment to Chapter 11 relating to Countywide standards for workforce housing. 11-5-(c) Affordable housing credits. The developer shall earn affordable housing credits as follows: 4-88 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS HOUSING (1) Sale of completed dwelling units affordable to qualified households earning 120-140% of median: 0.5 credit per unit; Policy HSG -4.3: Research and Develop an Affordable Housing Floating Zone PUD. In recognition of the critical affordable housing needs in Kona, a project that meets the following criteria would qualify as an affordable housing floating zone: ■ The project is located in the Kona Urban Area; ■ The project area requiring rezoning totals less than 15 acres; ■ The project is served, will provide, or has commitments to provide all necessary infrastructure in a timely manner; ■ The project consists predominantly of residential uses and at least 80% of the residential units will be priced to be affordable; ■ The application includes a form of a declaration of covenants that requires 80% of all residential units built on the subject property to be affordable under the definition of HCC Chapter 11 Housing (including workforce), in which the declaration shall incorporate by reference the Affordable Housing Agreement referenced below and recorded upon rezoning approval; ■ The application includes a draft Affordable Housing Agreement setting forth the terms of sale or rent, resale restrictions, and other terms, which Agreement shall be finalized and executed between the applicant and the County Office of Housing and Community Development prior to enactment of the rezoning ordinance. A project meeting the above criteria should entitle the applicant to the following: ■ The application for State Land Use reclassification, as appropriate, shall be processed concurrently with the rezoning application; ■ The time period for the Director's review and the Planning Commission's review shall be consistent with Planning Code and Procedures; ■ The project should be exempt from fair share (or impact fees) conditions; ■ If 100% affordable, the project in concurrence with the Design Center may preempt planning standards pursuant to HRS Section 46-15; ■ The project may qualify for any available subsidies from the County, Kona Housing Trust Fund, or other sources to pay, in whole, or in part the water commitment fees. Policy HSG -4.4: Housing Variety and Suggested Unit Credits for other Affordable Housing Projects. The housing in TODs and TNDs should be designed to mix the types, tenures, and affordability at the block level, to the extent practicable. An additional credit of 0.5 (beyond the credits specified in HCC Section 11-5) shall be recognized for senior or disability housing units (e.g., assisted living) and affordable live -work units (see Table 4-5). KONA CDP 4-89 HOUSING CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Policy HSG 4.5: Innovation Encouraged for Redevelopment Projects. In Kailua Village, or the Rural Towns and Villages, landowners or developers who wish to develop affordable housing by rehabilitating or adapting an existing building, building a new infill building, or providing such housing above a commercial establishment may bring their proposal to the Design Center. The Design Center shall assist with any building code, zoning code, or other permitting issues to facilitate and enable the construction of such units. The level of assistance, such as permit coordination or subsidy financing, may increase proportionate to the number of committed affordable units. Policy HSG -4.6: Accessory Units. Accessory (`ohana dwelling) units are encouraged in order to increase the supply of rentals. For existing residences in conventional zoning districts that want to add an accessory unit, the `ohana dwelling requirements of the zoning code apply. Policy HSG -4.7: Pre -Approved Affordable Housing Designs. The Kona Housing Non -Profit (see Policy HSG -1.2) may pay for the design of standard accessory units, starter homes, and other appropriate housing types. The County should expeditiously issue building permits for pre - approved designs. These designs shall be available to interested individuals or professional builders at nominal or no cost. Policy HSG -4.8: Research and Develop Density Bonus Increase for Affordable Housing. The developer shall be granted a 1:1 density bonus over and beyond the 10% density bonus in HCC Section 11-8 for each affordable housing unit that exceeds the affordable housing requirements, up to a maximum 30% density bonus. Objective HSG -5: Maintain Affordable Housing Stock. To maintain an inventory of affordable units to meet present and future needs, while providing some opportunity for homeowners to upgrade their housing condition through equity appreciation. Policy HSG -5.1: Perpetually Affordable Units. Public agencies and non -profits that develop or own affordable housing units shall utilize methods, such as leasing or controlled appreciation, to ensure that sales prices of these units remain perpetually affordable. 4-90 KONA CDP Table 4.5 Housing Credit Percentage of median household income Affordable housing credit per HCC Section 11-5 Elderly, Disabled, or Live -Work Unit Credits 140-180% (proposed) 0.25 0.75 Dwelling Unit 120-140% 0.5 1.0 100-120% 1.0 1.5 80-100% 1.5 2.0 80% 2.0 2.5 Rental Unit 80-100 1.0 1.5 60-80% 1.5 2.0 160% 2.0 2.5 Policy HSG 4.5: Innovation Encouraged for Redevelopment Projects. In Kailua Village, or the Rural Towns and Villages, landowners or developers who wish to develop affordable housing by rehabilitating or adapting an existing building, building a new infill building, or providing such housing above a commercial establishment may bring their proposal to the Design Center. The Design Center shall assist with any building code, zoning code, or other permitting issues to facilitate and enable the construction of such units. The level of assistance, such as permit coordination or subsidy financing, may increase proportionate to the number of committed affordable units. Policy HSG -4.6: Accessory Units. Accessory (`ohana dwelling) units are encouraged in order to increase the supply of rentals. For existing residences in conventional zoning districts that want to add an accessory unit, the `ohana dwelling requirements of the zoning code apply. Policy HSG -4.7: Pre -Approved Affordable Housing Designs. The Kona Housing Non -Profit (see Policy HSG -1.2) may pay for the design of standard accessory units, starter homes, and other appropriate housing types. The County should expeditiously issue building permits for pre - approved designs. These designs shall be available to interested individuals or professional builders at nominal or no cost. Policy HSG -4.8: Research and Develop Density Bonus Increase for Affordable Housing. The developer shall be granted a 1:1 density bonus over and beyond the 10% density bonus in HCC Section 11-8 for each affordable housing unit that exceeds the affordable housing requirements, up to a maximum 30% density bonus. Objective HSG -5: Maintain Affordable Housing Stock. To maintain an inventory of affordable units to meet present and future needs, while providing some opportunity for homeowners to upgrade their housing condition through equity appreciation. Policy HSG -5.1: Perpetually Affordable Units. Public agencies and non -profits that develop or own affordable housing units shall utilize methods, such as leasing or controlled appreciation, to ensure that sales prices of these units remain perpetually affordable. 4-90 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS HOUSING Policy HSG -5.2: Privately -Constructed Affordable Units. For private projects subject to affordable housing requirements, the Kona Housing Non -Profit or other non-profit shall have a first right of refusal to 10% of the required affordable units. All affordable units shall remain affordable for 40 years. No restrictions may apply after 40 years based on the rationale that newer homes wil I replace these older homes in the affordable housing stock. During the resale -restricted period, the level of restriction shall meet the following minimum requirements: ■ 1st 20 years: The affordable units shall have a minimum 20 -year controlled appreciation restriction (cost of improvements plus appreciation based on the Honolulu Consumer Price Index; ■ After 20 years: The owner may sell the property at market value with a shared appreciation with the County or Kona Housing Non -Profit at 50%; ■ Right of First Refusal: After 20 -years, the Kona Housing Non -Profit shall have the right of first refusal to purchase the unit; ■ Owner -occupancy: During the resale -restricted period, affordable units shall remain owner - occupied or rented out by the owner at an affordable rate as certified by the County real property tax division pursuant to the affordable rent provisions in HCC Chapter 19. Policy HSG -5.3: Redevelopment Shall Not Displace Affordable Units. Where there are concentrations of existing affordable units, redevelopment plans or projects shall ensure that units comparable in number and affordability to the existing units are provided in the new project, with priority given to displaced residents to purchase or rent. Policy HSG -5.4: Renovate Under -Used Existing Rental Housing. For public housing, the County should explore privatization or other options with the responsible public agency if the responsible agency is financially unable to properly maintain the affordable units. For Kona, a developer may earn affordable housing credits under HCC Chapter 11 Housing to rehabilitate public housing rental units or units within a multi -family rental complex owned by a non-profit, with the number of credits earned comparable to the costs the developer would have incurred for construction of new rental units. Objective HSG -6. Address Special Needs. To address the needs of special groups who are not normally provided for in the free market system. Policy HSG -6.1: Elderly and Disabled. Information services on housing choices to the specific needs of the elderly and disabled (including caregivers) as well as potential providers, should be provided by a one-stop information center coordinated through the Office of Aging (see Policy PUB -3.2). Policy HSG -6.2: Homeless and Emergency Rent. The Kona Housing Trust Fund may finance the construction or operation of homeless shelters, and supplement or create an emergency rent program to provide short-term (no more than six months) assistance to low-income households who face potential homelessness as a result of unemployment, medical payments, or other unforeseeable causes. Policy HSG -6.3: Single -Resident Occupancy (SRO) Units. Recognizing that commuting resort workers often prefer an affordable place to stay overnight during workdays and return home on the KONA CDP 4-91 HOUSING Actions CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS off -days, that immigrant farm workers are often single, and that SRO's often are the last resort before homelessness, developers and government housing agencies are encouraged to provide such units in their mix of affordable housing units. Policy HSG -6.4: Farm Worker Housing. To support Kona's agricultural industry and its desire to strive for greater food sustainability, farm workers may be allowed to live on a different farm from that of where they work, as permitted by HRS 205. Because the same actions in the Housing section crossover several policies, the actions are grouped together. Acknowledging the island -wide programs, the following actions implement the Housing policies to increase housing choices specifically for Kona: Action HSG—a: Establish the Kona Housing Non -Profit. The Kona CDP Action Committee, with assistance from OHCD, should advocate for the creation of a non-profit entity (Policy HSG -1.2). The legal form of this entity needs to be appropriated to receive community donations, receive funds from the County Housing Trust Fund for specific projects, enter into agreements with developers (who would sell the units encumbered with covenants) for shared appreciation on certain HCC Chapter 11 housing units, and possibly buy certain units from developers to lease (as rentals or leased land) (OHCD, 1-2). Action HSG—b: Operate the Kona Housing Non -Profit. Once established, the Kona Housing Non -Profit will set up an account (Policy HSG -1.3) to fund various initiatives set forth in the policies including the following: Sponsor a design contest and retain the winner to prepare pre -approved plans for starter homes, accessory units, or other appropriate housing types (Policy HSG -4.7); (Kona Housing Non -Profit, 2- 3) Draft standard first right of refusal provision to be included in the Affordable Housing Agreements executed between the developer and OHCD and incorporated as deed covenants (Policy HSG - 5.2); (Kona Housing Non -Profit, 1-2) Exercise rights of first refusal and purchase Chapter 11 units from developers to rent or lease to income -qualified households (Policy HSG -5.2); (Kona Housing Non -Profit, on-going) Establish programs in coordination and to supplement island -wide programs to do the following: (Kona Housing Non -Profit, 2-3) i. Assist first-time homebuyers with down payments or other assistance (Policy HSG -3.2); ii. Work with landlords to negotiate affordable rents that qualify for property tax breaks and/or Section 8 (Policy HSG -3.3); iii. Work with employers to locate affordable for -sale or rentals in the vicinity of the workplace (Policy HSG -3.4); iv. Supplement the island -wide homebuyer education program to expand the outreach in the Kona area (Policies HSG -3.1 and HSG -3.4); V. Coordinate with other related programs to establish an emergency rent program (Policy HSG -6.2); vi. Coordinate with OHCD and other appropriate programs to establish a Kona -specific data gathering and market -monitoring initiative (Policy HSG -2.1); 4-92 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS HOUSING vii. As a result of continually monitoring the needs of the Kona community, advocate or take action to meet existing or emerging deficiencies for special needs groups (e.g., elderly, disabled, homeless, farmworkers) (Policies HSG -6.1, HSG -6.2, HSG -6.3, and HSG -6.4). Action HSG—c: For government and non -profits to produce the units at subsidy levels to meet the needs of the lower income groups, the following actions need to be taken: 1. The County and the community (e.g., the Kona Housing Non -Profit) should encourage the State agencies currently developing affordable projects (e.g., DHHL at Laiopua, HHFDC at Keahuolu) to review their projects for consistency with the policies to provide affordable rentals (Policy HSG - 4.1), mix of housing types (Policy HSG -4.4), and perpetual affordability strategies (Policy HSG - 5.1); (OHCD, Kona Housing Non -Profit, DHHL, HHFDC, on-going) 2. The Kona Housing Non -Profit should coordinate with the pertinent State and County agencies to inventory potential public lands that are suitable for housing development and initiate project planning or ensure land -banking for affordable housing purposes; (Kona Housing Non -Profit, DLNR, 1-2) 3. The County or Kona Housing Non -Profit should explore privatization options with the State housing agency. (OHCD, Kona Housing Non -Profit, 1-2) Action HSG—d: To gain the assistance of the private sector, several existing laws should be amended following the enactment of this plan: 1. TOD/TND mixed affordable housing requirement, TOD/TND preemption of `ohana dwelling, Project Description Affordable Housing Floating Zone. 2. Additional Chapter 11 Housing credits for workforce housing,; disabled , elderly, live/work units; 1:1 density bonus; resale restrictions. Action HSG—e: New private developments are encouraged to creatively provide low cost/affordable housing and meet certain needs especially critical to Kona. The Design Center should help to increase awareness of these policies and stimulate creativity to meet these needs. Developers, with assistance from the Design Center, are instrumental in carrying out the following: (PD/DC, on-going) 1. Take advantage of the higher densities permitted in TODs and TNDs to financially support building at least 25% affordable units , in a creative manner that results in a mix of housing types, tenures, and affordability (see Policies HSG -4.1 to HSG -4.8); 2. Research feasibility of an Affordable Housing Floating Zone PUD as an HCC amendment; 3. Take advantage of the credits recognized to provide affordable disabled, elderly projects and live - work units (Policy HSG -4.4), and rehabilitation of public housing units; 4. Although no additional credits are offered, strive to provide accessory (Policy HSG -4.6) and SRO (Policy HSG -6.3) units; 5. Encourage redevelopment infill projects within existing developed areas such as Kailua Village and the Rural Towns (Policy HSG -4.5), while considering potential displacement of any existing affordable housing (Policy HSG -5.3); 6. Take advantage of the County's interpretation of Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) 205 relating to farm worker housing as well as the Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines to provide clustered farm worker housing in rural areas (Policy HSG -6.4) KONA CDP 4-93 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 4.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES The Public Facilities, Infrastructure, and Services section of the Kona CDP identifies objectives, policies, and actions that tie-in with and support other sections of the Kona CDP, especially Land Use, Transportation, Housing and Environmental Resources. An important concept promoted by this section is the public-private partnership required to assure that all communities are adequately served. 4.6.1 Existing Conditions County public facilities, infrastructure, and services are those service systems that are provided, staffed, and maintained by government or quasi -public entity to directly serve the residents including: the systems of parks, fire stations, police stations, refuse disposal, drinking water, health, and energy. Transportation -related infrastructure is covered in the Transportation section of this plan. The County also provides services to the elderly, as well as supplements funding for a number of social programs. 4-94 KONA CDP Pub. Fac., Inf., & Guiding Principles Ser. 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. ✓ 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. ✓ 3. Provide housing choices. ✓ 4. Provide recreation opportunities. ✓ 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. ✓ 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. ✓ 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. 8. Promote effective governance. ✓ 4-94 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 4.6.2 Overall Strategy PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES Acknowledging the limited government resources for which Kona competes with other districts, the policies in this section set forth the expectations and priorities of the Kona community to enable the community and government to optimize the type, timing, location, financing, quality, and maintenance of public infrastructure, facilities, and services. Although sensitive to jurisdiction, the policies and actions attempt to set a framework to integrate the various providers-- whether County, State, Federal, quasi -public (e.g., HELCO), or private (e.g., private hospitals or schools). The community's expectations and priorities are guided by the following principles: 1. Public safety—the policies set a minimum level of service for essential public safety services including police protection, fire protection, emergency response, disaster response, and highway safety, and promote a community-based approach to crime prevention; 2. Healthcare—the policies recognize the limited role of the County and community in the healthcare system, but frame the desired outcome to foster coordination and partnerships for this critical basic need; 3. Growth management and environmental quality—the policies use public infrastructure to influence the location and timing of growth such as prioritizing the infrastructure that service TODs as an incentive to develop within TODs, as well as ensuring that this infrastructure supports this growth in a manner that reduces waste and pollution, conserves water, and generally minimizes environmental impacts; 4. Sense of community and quality of life—the policies recognize that the types and quality of public facilities and services can enhance the sense of community by encouraging gathering and interaction, by providing lifelong learning opportunities, by building appreciation and respect for nature through trails and parks and other interactive opportunities, by nurturing the soul through art, and cultural activities; 5. Economic catalyst—the related policies in Section 4.8 Economic Development section identify specific public facilities that have the potential to stimulate desirable economic balance; 6. Standard of excellence—the policies set a standard of excellence in the construction, operation, and maintenance of all public facilities and the supportive role of the community to promote civic pride. 4.6.3 Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions Public Facilities, Infrastructure, and Services Goal: A community where the public infrastructure and facilities are sustainably built and maintained with innovation and pride, promote sense of community, and support a quality of life where visitors and residents feel safe, healthy, and inspired. Objective PUB -1: To coordinate planning and budgeting for public facilities, the Official Public Facilities and Services Map shall identify existing and proposed public facilities. Policy PUB.1.1: Official Public Facilities and Services Map. The Official Public Facilities and Services Map shall identify existing and proposed public facilities. Proposed facilities shall distinguish whether the mapped site is committed or requires further planning. On the premise that the mapped proposed facilities are priority, only those proposed facilities shown on the map should be eligible for funding (see Figures 4-10a to 4-10c). KONA CDP 4-95 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES PUBLIC SAFETY CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Objective PUB -2: Public Safety. To establish a minimum level of service for public safety resources in order to identify deficiencies and plan for future growth, and to recognize that how we design our communities can help to prevent crime. Policy PUB -2.1: Law Enforcement Level of Service. To enable timely response over a geographic area spanning approximately 60 miles long, there should be, at a minimum, a police station for North Kona and another police station for South Kona. The North Kona police station should have an adequately -sized holding jail and should be located near the court for efficient operations. Until superseded by a county -wide standard, the number of police officers for each district should be planned and budgeted at 4 officers/1000 persons in order to cover three shifts with a minimum of three officers per shift (Personal Communication, Chief Lawrence Mahuna, December 19, 2007). Action PUB -2.1a: Plan a new North Kona police station to be located within the Honokohau Village TOD and program for design and construction funding (Police, 5- 10). Action PUB -2.1b: Coordinate with the State to relocate the circuit and district courts to the Honokohau Village TOD (State Judiciary, PD, 5-10). Action PUB -2.1c: Design and construct the relocated South Kona police station. The County is in the process of acquiring a site (TMK: 8-2-001:072 and 084) (Police, 2-3). Action PUB -2.1d: Support the addition of manpower for policing efforts (Police, on- going). Policy PUB -2.2: Crime Prevention Emphasis. The community policing program with its emphasis on building relationships and partnerships with the community plays a vital role in creating a safe Kona. But, beyond community organization and education programs, such as the Neighborhood Watch Program, the presence of these police officers on foot or on bicycles in villages instills a sense of public safety. The design of new or renovated buildings or public facilities should consider environmental design principles that prevent crime. Action PUB -2.2a: Support for the community policing program should continue (Police, on-going). Action PUB -2.2b: In Villages (e.g., Kailua Village, TODs, rural towns), consider reinstating the bicycle patrols (Police, 3-5). Action PUB -2.2c: Through a Business Improvement District or other organization, partner with downtown businesses to enhance security and orderliness (KVID, 1-2). 4-96 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES This page intentionally left blank. KONA CDP 4-97 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Figure 4-10a Official Public Facilities and Services Map — Public Safety Kiholo Kaupulehu Makalawena ca Keahole Kailua P Keauhou Kaawaloa Napoopoo LEGEND Lifeguard Station" Fire Station* . Fire Station - Volunteer* la Proposed Fire Station'-'* l/ Police* Proposed Police Station.-** © Hospital* © Proposed Hospital" + Emergency Shelters* Bus Baseyard`* Financing Districts* Proposed Transit Line ••••• Trunk Secondary Kona Urban Area Rural Town TODs CDP Planning Area - Existing Roadway * Policy layer. * *Specific location to be determined. Miles 0 2 4 8 1 inch equals 4 miles Source: County of Hawaii The County of Hawaii Planning Department is the repository of the official map. Hookena Milolii Manuka 0 13 4-98 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES This page intentionally left blank. KONA CDP 4-99 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Figure 4-10b Official Public Facilities and Services Map — Community Facilities LEGEND ® County Park - District' r Proposed University* ® County Park - Community'ir School' L _ I Community Park 2 -mile Service Area' i Library* ® County Park - Neighborhood* Financing Districts* ® County Park - Other' Proposed Transit Line om Trunk Proposed COH Park* Secondary ® District Park" r_1 Kona Urban Area ® Regional Palk— Rural Town TODs Proposed Courthouse'--'* O CDP Planning Area Proposed Civic Center* * Policy layer " Specific location to be determined. Miles 0 2 4 8 1 inch equals 4 miles Source: County of Hawaii The County of Hawaii Planning Department is the repository of the official map. WOW Manuka 0 4-100 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES This page intentionally left blank. KONA CDP 4-101 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map — Waste Management Kailua Keauhou Kealakekua LEGEND Priority Sewer Area* ® Wastewater Re -use Area* Wastewater Treatment Plant* - Natural Wastewater System*-- A A Existing Transfer Station' A Proposed Transfer Station*--** Financing Districts* Kona Urban Area Rural Town TODs CDP Planning Area - Existing Roadway * Policy Layer ** Specific location to be determined. Miles 0 2 4 8 1 inch equals 4 miles Source: County of Hawaii The County of Hawaii Planning Department is the repository of the official map. MOM Q 13 4-102 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES This page intentionally left blank. KONA CDP 4-103 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action PUB -2.2d: Develop a public safety audit checklist and conduct neighborhood and downtown safety walks to identify potential crime spots or unsafe areas (Police, KVID, COMM, 2-3). Action PUB -2.2e: Incorporate in the Village Design Guidelines crime prevention through environmental design principles (PD, 3-5). Policy PUB -2.3: Fire Protection, EMS, Rescue, HazMat Level of Service. Until superseded by a county -wide standard, fire station locations should be planned to provide a response time of 8 minutes in the Urban Area (10 mile radius with 5 mile overlap) and 12 minutes in the rural areas (15 mile radius with 5 mile overlap). All fire stations should provide fire protection and EMS services. Rescue services should be provided by ground and sea by at least one station in each district, and by helicopter to service the North Kona and South Kona districts. One station should have HazMat capability to service the North Kona and South Kona districts. Action PUB -2.3a: Existing and proposed fire stations Captain Cook Fire Station. meet the level of service for the Urban Area. A new fire station is needed in South Kona in the vicinity of Ho`okena (Fire, 5-10). Policy PUB -2.4: Beach Safety Level of Service. Lifeguard stations should be located at County and State beach parks, in accordance with the "Needs Assessment Study" prepared by the County Fire Department as shown on Figure 4-10a Public Facilities and Services Map -Public Safety. Action 2.4a: Identify proposed lifeguard stations on the Official Public Facilities Map (Fire, PD, on-going). Policy PUB -2.5: Highway Safety Level of Service. In order to reduce the number of motor vehicle traffic accidents, high-risk locations or hot spots should be identified in order to improve roadway safety. Action PUB -2.5a: Identify motor vehicle related fatalities and injuries (Police, DOT, DOH, traffic safety organizations, on-going). Action PUB -2.5b: Improve data collection, assessment, and dissemination of information (Police, DOT, DOH, traffic safety organizations, on-going). Action PUB -2.5c: Encourage an integrated planning and design process for improvements in roads, emergency medical services, and public transportation (Police, DOT, DOH, traffic safety organizations, on-going). 4-104 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES Adapted from: Zelinka, A. and D. Brennan, Safescape: Creating Safer, More Livable Communities Through Planning and Design. Chicago: Planners Press, American Planning Association, 2001. Fear of crime impairs quality of life and sense of community. Certain features of the physical environment contribute to fear. People fear signs of deterioration, such as broken windows, graffiti, trash, as a signal that a place is no longer maintained or controlled by those who live or work there, thus, becoming attractive targets for potential criminals. Other physical features such as bushes, low lighting, and dark tunnels limit the ability to see into a place where someone may be hiding, or limit the ability to escape (e.g., deadends). The CPTED approach to crime prevention is a shift in the discipline of criminology from a paradigm of examining the individual criminal to one which studies the crime event, i.e., the physical and social environments that make the opportunity for a crime to be committed exceed the risk of apprehension. The three tenets of CPTED are as follows: • Natural access control: the physical guidance of people coming and going from a space by the judicial placement of entrances, exits, signs, fencing, landscaping, lighting, and wayfinding assistance such as kiosks. People should have information to know where to go and avoid feeling lost and confused. Criminals should have not only a difficult time entering a space without being observed, but also should be provided with no opportunities to justify or rationalize their presence trespassing into private or semiprivate spaces. • Natural surveillance: the organization of physical features, activities, and people in such a way as to maximize visibility (i.e., users would feel they will be seen if they do something illegitimate). The placement of windows, doors, and common areas; the alignment of sidewalks and paths; the locations and levels of lighting; and the proper design and size of open spaces can contribute to natural surveillance opportunities. The built environment that supports socialization and interaction with others reduces fear of others and enhances public safety because we are more apt to look out for those with whom we are familiar. • Territorial reinforcement: the use of physical attributes that express ownership, such as fences, pavement treatments, art, signage, and landscaping to clearly design a hierarchy of spaces: public (intended for all to use); semiprivate (intended for specific users or uses); and private (intended for private use by businesses and homeowners). A sense of ownership and stewardship ensures continued management and maintenance to avoid deterioration. Physical design should not be the exclusive focus. Social structures such as community police, community organizations, and events complement the physical design strategy. Policy PUB -2.6: Disaster Shelters and Critical Facilities. There should be adequate hurricane -proof shelters concurrent with the growing population. Where designated on Figure 4- 10a Official Public Facilities and Services Map -Public Safety, proposed public buildings shall be evaluated by the Civil Defense regarding whether or not the design should include specifications to be hardened to serve as a hurricane shelter. Any new fire station or hospital should be appropriately designed to withstand all hazards. Action PUB -2.6a: Identify additional disaster shelters and critical facilities where deficient (State and County CD, 3-5). HEALTHCARE Objective PUB -3: Healthcare. To ensure access to healthcare and promote a healthy lifestyle. Policy PUB -3.1: Medical Care. The community should support a viable medical clinic to ensure a safety net for those without health insurance or those unable to access the mainstream medical system. KONA CDP 4-105 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action PUB -3.1a: Coordinate with the County of Hawaii Healthcare Crisis Plan (Mayor's Office, 3-5). See Related Policy ECON-1.1 Hospital as Stimulus for Healthcare Industry. Policy PUB -3.2: Long -Term Care. An information center/activity center should serve as a clearinghouse for the community-based and institutional long-term care choices available. This resource center may be co -located with a senior recreational center in Kailua. Action PUB -3.2a: Plan, design, and construct an information center/activity center for the disabled and elderly (OA, 5-10). Policy PUB -3.3: Preventive Health through Walkable Communities. Through the Village Design Guidelines' pedestrian -friendly street standards, Kona should be known as an avid walking and biking community conducive to all ages. Also refer to Policy LU -2.2 TOD/TND Components. Policy PUB -3.4: Universal Access. As its expression of compassion and caring, the Kona community shall take pride in having all public facilities accessible to the disabled and respectful of the accessible parking stalls. Action PUB -3.4a: Continue to work with the police department to assist in accessible parking enforcement (Police, on-going). Action PUB -3.4b: Offer educational programs to sensitize residents to the challenges of the blind, deaf, or wheel -chair bound person (One Stop Community Resource Center, R&D, 2-3). Action PUB -3.4c: Continue to implement curb ramp program for streets and sidewalks and parks and recreation program facilities (PR, DPW, on-going). GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Objective PUB -4: Growth Management. To prioritize and locate growth - supporting infrastructure (water, sewer, drainage) to support the TODs and infill development and to minimize the environmental impacts of such growth. Policy PUB -4.1: Water for TODs. To encourage and direct development to the TODs, a priority should be to provide an appropriately sized water transmission line within the Keohokalole Highway Corridor, and to flexibly enable water allocation policies to support the Kona CDP land use policy to concentrate growth within the TODs, in lieu of sprawl. Action PUB -4.1a: Update, as necessary, DWS's master plan for Kona to support future growth in the TODs (DWS, 2-3). Water tank. 4-106 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES Action PUB -4.1b: Amend DWS's Guidelines, as necessary, to support the Kona CDP land use policies (DWS, 3-5). Policy PUB -4.2: South Kona Water System. In recognition that the extension of the County water system south beyond its existing limit at Ho`okena would increase the growth pressures to convert agricultural land to urban uses, the South Kona County water system should not be extended further south. Policy PUB -4.3: Agricultural Water. Recognizing the importance of agriculture as part of the rural character of Kona, the pervasiveness of small farms, and the critical need for irrigation in Kona's relatively dry climate, a policy should be developed, subject to DWS approval, if and where county water will be involved, to implement best efforts to serve the agricultural water needs of the Kona area. This policy is not intended to subsidize the farmers. Instead, the intent is to explore cost-effective systems to provide water for irrigation purposes, set water rates that encourage the small farms, and to ensure that these agricultural customers are committed to agriculture and use the water responsibly. Towards this end, the policies may consider agricultural dedication for property tax purposes (to evidence a commitment to agriculture) and the use of best practices irrigation (to evidence responsible water use) as a condition to receive DWS agricultural water rates. Action PUB -4.3a: Develop policies and plans to provide water for agricultural use, subject to DWS approval (DWS, 3-5). Action PUB -4.3b: Develop an irrigation best practices certification program (SWCD, 2-3). Action PUB -4.3c: Develop an application form to facilitate verification of the agricultural dedication and irrigation best practices certification, subject to DWS approval, if and where county water will be involved (DWS, 2-3). Policy PUB -4.4: Sewer Priorities. In order to protect the nearshore water quality, the requirement to hookup to the County sewer system (HCC Section 21-5) shall be strictly enforced. The highest priority in expanding the sewer system within the Kona Urban Area shall be to service any shoreline properties that do not have access to a public sewer system and then to service lots within approximately 1 mile of the shoreline. Any new subdivision within 1 mile of shoreline within the Kona Urban Area shall either hookup to the public sewer system, or provide a private treatment system, and/or install dry sewers (see Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map - Waste Management). Private wastewater collection systems within the 1 mile zone shall be designed and constructed to County standards to enable potential connection to County sewer system. The County shall ensure that TODs can be served by the public sewer system in a timely manner. Action PUB -4.4a: Identify the violators and enforce the sewer hookup requirements (DEM, 1-2). Action PUB -4.4b: Develop a sewer plan to service the Kahalu`u area (DEM, 3-5). KONA CDP 4-107 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action PUB -4.4c: Update the sewerage master plan to service the entire Kona Urban Area with priority to the TODs and the areas within approximately 1 mile of the shoreline (DEM, 3-5). Policy PUB -4.5: Wastewater Treatment and Effluent Reuse. The Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant shall be expanded to accommodate the projected sewage volume from the Urban Area priority sewer areas as practicable. If another treatment plant is needed, a new County wastewater treatment plant should be considered in the vicinity shown on Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map -Waste Management and designed to the extent feasible to utilize a natural treatment system that can double as an open space feature. Action PUB -4.5a: Master plan the expansion of the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant (DEM, 1-2). Action PUB -4.5b: Master plan the development of a new wastewater treatment plant servicing north of Hina Lani Street that considers the feasibility of natural treatment systems (DEM, 2-3). Action PUB -4.5c: Master plan a comprehensive wastewater reclamation system to maximize reuse (DEM, 2-3). Recycled Water— treated wastewater that by design is intended or used for beneficial purpose. R-1 Water— recycled water that is at all times oxidized, then filtered, and then exposed, after the filtration process (Significant reduction in viral and bacterial pathogens). R-2 Water — recycled water that has been oxidized, and disinfected (Disinfected secondary recycled water). R-3 Water— oxidized wastewater (Undisinfected secondary recycled water). Policy PUB -4.6 Wastewater Reuse Area: Recognizing the limited drinking water supply in the Kona area, every effort should be taken to develop a feasible wastewater reclamation system for non -potable uses. Also refer to Policy TRAN-3.3. The wastewater reuse area should be, at a minimum, located mauka of the shoreline up to Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road), north of Palani Road and south of Huliko`a Drive (see Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map -Waste Management). Action PUB -4.6a: Future wastewater reuse areas shall be identified on Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Map -Waste Management (DPW, PD, on-going). Policy PUB -4.7: Urban Stormwater Management. In recognition that stormwater runoff transports sediment and contaminants, thereby threatening the degradation of Kona's coastal water quality, and that Kona's undefined drainageways and susceptibility to intense rainfall cause flash flooding that threatens life and property, innovative solutions are necessary to address Kona's unique conditions and to guide future development and flood management projects. Acknowledging the complexity of managing stormwater, a stormwater management program tailored to Kona shall evolve through a public education and training phase, voluntary incentives, and the ultimate development of Stormwater Management Guidelines that should regulate development and establish standards for public projects. The evolution of this program should consider the following: 4-108 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES (a) a connected hierarchical overflow system where overflows from 10 -year storm facilities (e.g., drywells) are directed to higher -capacity flood management systems, so that the total system can safely accommodate a 100 -year storm; (b) use of natural drainageways and retention areas to the extent possible to maximize infiltration (groundwater recharge), filtration, and settling; (c) multi-purpose use of the higher -capacity (e.g., 25 -year, 50 -year, 100 -year) flood management facilities for recreation or other uses since these areas will flood infrequently; (d) engineered "natural" flow ways to direct the sheetflow runoff into more defined drainageways; (e) onsite retention measures, such as rainwater harvesting methods; (f) street standards that minimize runoff and transport of sediment and contaminants; (g) watershed management system perspective; (h) When a Stormwater Management Program has been accepted by the County, existing and proposed stormwater management flow ways and facilities shall be shown on the Official Public Facilities and Services Map, especially those maintained by the County. Action PUB -4.7a: Hire a consultant to develop Stormwater Management Program and Guidelines, incentives, and Education/Training Program, such as Low Impact Development (LID). (DPW, 2-3). Action PUB -4.7b: Implement the education and training program; adopt and publicize the incentives; adopt and enforce the Stormwater Management Guidelines (DPW, 2-3). SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Objective PUB- 5: Zero Waste. To maximize recycling, reuse, and reduction. Policy PUB -5.1: Integrated Waste Disposal. To the extent feasible, Kona's proposed natural system wastewater treatment facility should be co -located with a non -edible crop, such as a biofuel crop, to use the R-1 wastewater effluent, and also co -located with Kona's green waste composting site to compost the sludge from the wastewater treatment facility for use on biofuel crop. Action PUB -5.1a: Find entrepreneur(s) for biofuel crop (R&D, 3-5). Action PUB -5.1b: Master plan concept and financing for new natural system wastewater treatment facility and relocated transfer station/recycling center; obtain DLNR approval to use State land (DEM, 5-10). Policy PUB -5.2: Solid Waste. Within the Kona Urban Area, to increase the capture of recyclable materials and also to decrease the number of automobile trips, the County should explore feasible alternatives for residential curbside collection, including source -separated recyclables. KONA CDP 4-109 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES SENSE OF COMMUNITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Objective PUB -6. Quality of Life. To foster a sense of community and health through the public realm such as gathering places, parks, pedestrian networks, and open spaces. Policy PUB -6.1: Gathering Places. TODs shall include appropriate public gathering areas, such as plazas, in accordance with the intent of the Village Design Guidelines. The planning and design of such public spaces shall address any maintenance requirements. Policy PUB -6.2: Active Recreation Opportunities. A range of recreational opportunities should be provided to encourage physical activity and interaction among toddlers, youth, teens, adults, and seniors, including, without limitation the following: Pedestrians along Ali'i Drive. (a) Regional park (minimum 50 acres)—New regional park at Kealakehe as shown on the Public Facilities Plan to include playfields, multi-purpose building (e.g., gymnasium) (b) Kona Civic Auditorium or Performing Arts Center. Facility to provide a venue for major entertainment, social, cultural, and performing arts opportunities. (c) District park (10-30 acres)—Upgrade the Old Airport Park to enhance the playfields, swimming pool, multi-purpose building, courts (basketball, tennis, volleyball), tot lots, fitness area, pet area, and skateboard area; locate a district park to service South Kona to include playfields, multi-purpose use building (e.g., community/senior center, gym), and a tot lot (d) Community parks (4-8 acres)—A community park should be located 2 miles apart within the Urban Area to include, at a minimum, playfields and a restroom, as designated in the Public Facilities Plan to provide adequate playfields for youth leagues; multi-purpose use of school playgrounds should be candidates for these types of parks. (e) Nei hborhood arks (u to 4 acres) – A Tom' R • t r+ Soccer game at William Charles Lunalilo Playground. g p p A neighborhood park (including community gardens, community centers, pocket parks, and pet parks) should be located'/2 mile apart subdivisions within the Urban Area. Subdividers shall provide for private maintenance or pay a fee pursuant to HCC Chapter 8 when required to provide neighborhood parks. Action PUB -6.2a: Identify deficiencies to the park system described in Policy PUB - 6.2. Include consideration of the following (PD, DPR, on-going): ■ skateboard areas 4-110 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES ■ network of walking paths and historic trails to be integrated into and between future development projects in both rural and urban areas ■ pet -friendly parks and leashed dog walking areas with appropriate facilities Action PUB -6.2b: Establish a Master Plan for expansion and improvement of the Old Airport as a district park (PR, PD, 1-2). Action PUB -6.2c: Begin the process to find a location and funding for the Kona Civic Auditorium. Invite public input regarding design requirements and preferences (PR, PD, 2-3). Action PUB -6.2d: Prepare Master Plan for Kealakehe Regional Park (PR, PD, 3-5). Action PUB -6.2e. Begin the process to find location, acquire site, prepare Master Plan, and fund a South Kona District Park (including integrated community services center) (PD, PR, 3-5). Policy PUB -6.3: Optimize recreational facilities in the rural areas. Action PUB -6.3a: Establish, in cooperation with the State Department of Education, joint use of school facilities for recreational and community use (e.g. Konawaena, Honaunau, and Ho`okena Schools) (PR, DOE, PD, on-going). Policy PUB -6.4: Environment as a Public Realm and Classroom. For Kona, nature is the most culturally significant public realm as the setting for interaction, stewardship, and learning. The Open Space Network is the primary access point to nature and culture. The purpose of this policy is to emphasize the educational value of the Open Space Network (see Policy ENV -2.1 Open Space Network Program), to accordingly design this Network with interpretive opportunities, to encourage teachers to incorporate the Network into their activities, for the visitor industry to sensitively share learning opportunities of the Network with visitors, for residents to use the Network opportunities to interact with nature whether for leisure or subsistence purposes, and to develop deeper respect for people and places through cultural learning opportunities accessed through the Network. Action PUB— 6.4c: See Actions ENV -2.1a CR -1.1e. Policy PUB -6.5: Public Art. In recognition of Kona's embrace of cultural traditions, opportunities should be sought to creatively incorporate public art into public areas or facilities, to create a sense of place. Action PUB -6.5a: Consider 1% of public facilities construction budget to be allocated for public art at new County facilities (Kona CDP Implementation Committee, on-going). KONA CDP 4-111 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Policy PUB -6.6: Important Role of Schools in Creating a Sense of Community. The quality of its schools defines the quality of the Kona community. Quality schools show the caring of the community for its children. Quality schools are an investment in the quality of the future, which create outstanding citizens who acquire market -competitive survival skills. ■ Encourage the placement of an elementary school campus in every Neighborhood TOD/TND. ■ Link intermediate schools to the public transportation line. ■ Encourage schools to be utilized as community hubs for family -centered recreation and learning. ■ Encourage local governance of public schools. ■ Where DOE plans do not provide for development of planned school sites, charter or private school alternatives should be sought. ■ To provide life-long learning opportunities and to draw the community into the schools, the schools and the community are encouraged to develop community-based, after-school programs open to all ages. STANDARD OF EXCELLENCE Objective PUB -7. Standard of Excellence. To set a standard of excellence in design, operation, and maintenance for public workers in Kona to strive toward and for the community to encourage such efforts through partnerships. Policy PUB -7.1: Excellence in Design. Design of County facilities should be evaluated on a life cycle cost basis, accept a higher level of risk for innovation where government has the opportunity to lead by example, and a reasonable premium to incorporate aesthetics or character. Action PUB -7.1a: Use charrettes to the extent practicable in the design process of County facilities to involve the community, broaden the design input with multi- disciplinary expertise, and stimulate creativity (DPW, PD, on-going). Action PUB -7.1b: Update the community at milestones in the design process such as at the end of the schematic, design development, and pre-bid construction documents phases (DPW, PD, on-going). Policy PUB -7.2: Excellence in Maintenance. cannot stand next to the public facility with pride, and the responsible public agency. If the community and responsible public workers then that is a call to action for both the community Action PUB -7.2a: Develop a maintenance level of service for parks and streetscapes to establish a baseline expectation (PR, DPW, 2-3). 4-112 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES Action PUB -7.2b: Encourage adopt -a -park and adopt -a -street civic participation to meet the level of service expectations (PR, COMM., on-going). Action PUB -7.2c: Provide for upgrading and maintenance to the public facilities in critical need of attention (PR, DPW, on-going): i. Develop a strategic management plan for upgrading facilities at Kahalu`u Beach Park, La`aloa Bay Beach Park, Hale Halawai, Higashihara Park, Yano Hall. ii. Maintain parks and public facilities in remote areas, such as Miloli`i. Action PUB -7.2d: Increase lighting at public restrooms (PR, DPW, 2-3). Action PUB -7.2e: Open existing public restrooms that are currently closed (e.g. Kainaliu), and provide for more public restrooms in strategic locations (e.g. Hale Halawai, pier in Kailua) (PR, DPW, 1-2). Action PUB -7.2f: Initiate a process to establish a monthly, scheduled maintenance review of public facilities in Kona (PR, DPW, 1-2). Policy PUB -7.3: Recruitment Incentives. Since government's ability to achieve excellence depends on its ability to fill positions with qualified workers, and since affordable housing close to work is one of the primary obstacles to recruitment, housing projects where government provides land or other substantial resources should give a high priority to government workers purchasing or renting units within the project. PUBLIC SERVICES AND SOCIAL PROGRAMS Objective PUB— 8: To promote the cooperation between government, citizens and organizations, and to facilitate the development of programs to strengthen families and communities. Policy PUB -8.1: One -Stop Community Resource Center. The County should serve as point of community access for information and referral for health, education and social services. This is not to duplicate services or provide direct services provided by private service organizations, but to foster maximum utilization of all available resources. Action PUB -8.1a: The County should work with community to establish One -Stop Community Resource Center (R&D, COMM., 3-5). 1. The County shall provide a community resource staff member at a central location. 2. Staff will be knowledgeable about community resources for families and individuals. 3. Staff will assist community members navigating public systems and understand eligibility criteria for public and privately offered programs. KONA CDP 4-113 PUBLIC FACILITIES, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SERVICES CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS 4. The resource center will be able to identify gaps in services for families and individuals and advocate for improved access to and availability of services. Action PUB -8.1 b: Increase funding for the Healing Our Island Program (R&D, 3-5). Action PUB -8.1c: Increase transportation options, especially small vans, in order to reduce rural isolation and increase access to programs, jobs, and activities (R&D, MT, 2-3). Action PUB -8.1d: Increase demand -response transportation through the use of small vans in order to increase accessibility to drug and alcohol treatment and programs (R&D, MT, 3-5). Action PUB -8.1e: Increase the number of therapeutic living programs and facilities (R&D, MT, OA, 3-5). Action PUB- 8.1f: Develop a de-tox program in Kona (COMM., non-profit, 1). Action PUB -8.1g: Establish a youth intake center to provide more immediate intervention for youth in Kona (COMM., non-profit, 1-2). Action PUB -8.1h: Expand partnerships among substance abuse treatment providers and improve coordination and integration of services (COMM, non-profit, on-going). Policy PUB -8.2: The County should serve as an advocate for programs serving the elderly, disabled, and homeless persons. Action PUB -8.2a: Provide demand -response transportation (e.g. small vans) for the elderly, youth, and disabled (R&D, MT, 3-5). Action PUB -8.2b: Expand partnerships among providers and improve coordination and integration of services for residents with disabilities or special needs (COMM., non-profit, OA, on-going). Action PUB -8.2c: The County should provide a new homeless shelter and an opportunity for transitional living to low income rental housing (OA, 3-5). 4-114 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENERGY 4.7 ENERGY The Energy section of the Kona CDP identifies that objectives, policies, and actions that will guide Kona toward energy sustainability. Energy is a key component for achieving a sustainable community, which is a guiding principle of the Kona CDP. In that regard, it supports other sections of the Kona CDP, particularly Housing; Transportation; Land Use; and, Public Facilities, Infrastructure and Services. 4.7.1 Existing Conditions The Island of Hawaii, including the Kona Districts, depends almost entirely on foreign sources of fuel for its energy needs. Over 70% of electricity generation and virtually all transportation fuel currently use imported petroleum products. High crude oil prices are linked with this island's high electricity prices, which are more than three times the national average. Gasoline prices are among the highest in the nation. Kona has one power plant, Keahole Power Plant, which currently uses imported petroleum diesel. Energy policies have a pervasive influence on other related policies: MR Guiding Principles Energy 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. ✓ 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. ✓ 3. Provide housing choices. 4. Provide recreation opportunities. 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. V 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable economies. 8. Promote effective governance. ✓ ■ Housing. Energy policies can lower residents' energy costs for housing and commuting, thereby providing more funds for home financing or renting; ■ Transportation and Land Use. Transportation and Land use policies that reduce dependence on the automobile through compact, walkable, mixed use, villages and expansion of the transit system also reduce fuel consumption; ■ Environment. - Global warming. Energy policies that support energy conservation and replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources reduce greenhouse gas emissions ; - Open space. Energy policies provide further justification to preserve forests and other natural open spaces that lower air temperature and remove ("sequester") carbon dioxide; ■ Economy. Energy policies can stimulate new local business opportunities (e.g., solar water heater installers, 3rd party distributed energy providers). Additionally, savings from energy conservation measures translate into more disposable income for individuals and working capital for businesses. The dollars from new local businesses, disposable income spending, and working capital re -circulate in the local economy, thus creating more economic benefit than importing from foreign sources. 4.7.2 Overall Strategy Most energy policies need to apply equally to the entire county, and should not be limited to a particular community plan. The overall strategy for the energy policies in this section, therefore, are intended to inspire individuals as well as private and public organizations to embrace these broader initiatives. There are also certain policies that are highlighted as unique to the conditions of Kona. KONA CDP 4-115 CHAPTER 4 GOALs, OBJECTII/ES, ENERGY POLICIES, AND ACTIONS The overall strategy for the energy policies is to reduce per capita demand and move toward renewable energy sources through the following: ■ Energy efficiency in transportation (County transit, automobile fleet purchasers). Transportation fuels account for over 75% of the energy demand on Hawaii Island.l Most of the transportation fuel is consumed for ground transportation, with aviation accounting for 23%. The related polices in Transportation and Land Use reduce transportation fuel usage by expanding the mass transit system and creating more compact, mixed-use walkable villages. ■ Energy efficiency in homes and buildings (builders, designers, homeowners). Residential use accounts for the largest share of electrical demand on the island and drives the peak period demand. Large homes are a recent phenomenon in Kona that consume large amounts of energy, particularly for air conditioning. Residential structures in the County are currently exempt from complying with the Model Energy Code. The policy is to encourage the removal of this exemption for the new larger residences. ■ Conservation and energy efficiency of the water system (DWS). The DWS is the largest single user of electricity on the island. Since it uses most of this electricity to pump water, the policies encourage DWS to reduce the amount of water it needs to pump by controlling leaks and promoting water conserving appurtenances (essential for Kona's dry climate). Moreover, by adding power -generating pressure reducing valves (taking advantage of Kona's sloping topography), some of the power can be recovered. ■ Renewable energy sources (HELCO, private providers). The policies encourage LEED and other sustainable building standards to be used, beginning with the County, which would lead the charge by example. 4.7.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions 11 Energy Goal: Establish Kona as a model for sustainability and energy self-sufficiency. Objective ENGY-1. To provide a multi -prong framework, including standards, innovations, incentives, and education, to reduce the dependency on imported fossil fuels through energy efficiency and renewable energy generation. Policy ENGY-1.1: Energy Building Standards for New Residences. Recognizing that residential housing is the largest consumer of electricity (38%) and that air conditioning as a significant driver of residential demand is a relatively recent phenomenon in West Hawaii due to the numerous larger homes, this Kona CDP supports the mandatory application of the Model Energy Code to residential structures with gross living floor area of 6,000 square feet (sf.) and over (Davies, M. et al, October 3, 2007). For residences less than 6,000 sf., this CDP supports expedited permit processing by the County for builders who voluntarily employ energy efficient measures certified under the Hawaii BuiltGreen,8 EnergyStar,9 or LEED programs. 10 Action ENGY-1.1a: Provide a standard logo label to stick onto the title page of building plans to alert the Kona permitting agencies to expedite processing (DPW - BD, PD, -2). Policy ENGY-1.2: Energy Saving Renovation for Existing Residences. For existing home retrofits, the County should investigate establishing a Home Performance With EnergyStar (HPWES) program, as modified and implemented in the State of Oregon." Trained and certified 4-116 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ENERGY contractors work with homeowners to assess the energy performance of a residence, list recommended improvements and analyze the approximate payback period (identifying and factoring eligible tax credits). (Kona Housing Non -Profit, 2-3) Policy ENGY-1.3. Mortgage Incentives. The County should advocate for a mortgage program that provides combined benefits for energy efficiency (to increase marketability of certified homes) and location efficiency (to increase marketability of homes in the walkable transit -oriented villages). Action ENGY-1.3a: Work with lenders to publicize available mortgage programs. Currently, there are conventional, FHA, and VA Energy -Efficient Mortgages, but Location -Efficient Mortgages are currently available only in select metropolitan areas (Chicago, Seattle, San Francisco, LA). There is no mortgage program at this time that is a composite of the two (Credit Unions and other lenders, 3-5). Policy ENGY-1.4: Energy -Related Water System Technology and Practices. As the largest single consumer of electricity in Hawaii County, water conservation programs by the DWS translate into energy conservation programs. Aggressive efforts to fix water leaks and conserve water (e.g., dual -flush toilets, drip landscape irrigation systems, and low -flow shower heads) save energy by reducing the need to pump water. To take advantage of Kona's sloping terrain, DWS should consider installation of power generating -pressure reducing valves, which are turbines placed on existing water lines that produce electricity while relieving water pressure for domestic use at lower elevations. Action ENGY-1.4a: Finance a leak detection program for the County Kona water systems (DWS, 3-5). Action ENGY-1.4b: Install photovoltaic systems to power deep well pumps for the County Kona wells (DWS, 3-5). Action ENGY-1.4c: Pilot installations of power generating -pressure reducing valves in Kona are in progress (DWS, on-going). Policy ENGY-1.5: Distributed Energy and Other Innovative Technology Support. Photovoltaic systems are typically used as distributed generation when connected to the electrical grid where they have the potential to sell excess energy back to the grid. This is an emerging technology with challenges for the utility to incorporate such systems into the grid. This policy is aspirational and expresses general support in whatever way possible (e.g., permit coordination, grants) to encourage further development in this endeavor. NELHA Gateway Energy Center. Policy ENGY-1.6: Alternative Fuel for Keahole Power Plant. Consider biofuel or other renewable source to replace fossil fuel at the Keahole Power Plant. KONA CDP 4-117 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, ECONomic DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Policy ENGY-1.7: County Lead by Example. For projects and offices in Kona, the County should lead by example in the following areas: a. New buildings—certified by LEED, EnergyStar, or Hawaii GreenBuilt b. Existing buildings—certified by LEED for major renovations or operations and maintenance c. Street lights—use energy-efficient or solar -powered lights d. Rain water and gray water harvesting—for new buildings, evaluate the possibility of installing rain water harvesting techniques such as tanks that collect roof drainage, roof -top tanks for toilet flushing, piping stormwater to lawns and gardens, permeable pavements for parking lots with collection system e. Pesticide substitution—explore nontoxic alternatives for maintaining landscaping in public rights-of-way, parks, and at County facilities f. Purchasing—purchase EnergyStar and products made from recycled materials; purchase energy-efficient vehicles (and pioneer electric vehicle purchases when they become available). 4.8 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The Economic Development section of the Kona CDP identifies objectives, policies, and actions that focus on supporting important foundations of Kona's economy as well as key opportunities for economic development for which Kona is strategically positioned. Maintaining a vibrant economy in Kona is essential for achieving the visions of the Kona CDP. 4.8.1 Existing Conditions According to Hawaii Business Directory, Kailua had 2,652 business listings in 2005 and increased by 10.8 percent in 2 -years with 2,939 business listings in 2007 (Hawai`i Business Directory, 2006). In 2006, four industry sectors dominated Hawaii Island's total employment: 1) leisure and hospitality, which includes accommodation and food services; 2) trade, Guiding Principles Econ. Devl. 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. ✓ 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. ✓ 3. Provide housing choices. 4. Provide recreation opportunities. 5. Direct future growth patterns toward compact villages, preserving Kona's rural, diverse, and historical character. 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. ✓ 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy emphasizing agriculture and sustainable 8. Promote effective governance. ✓ transportation and utilities of which retail is a major economies. contributor; 3) government, where most of the employment is at the state level; and, 4) education and health services, which includes health care and social assistance. Together, these four industries accounted for 73.3 percent of the total employment in Hawaii County. The major economic sectors for Kona include: 1. Tourism. Tourism (and visitor -related activities) is the major industry on the Island of Hawaii. In 2005, there were 11,351 visitor accommodation units on the Island, located mainly in Hilo, Kona and South Kohala, an increase of 13 percent over the previous year. These breakdown by unit type as: 1) hotel- 6,977; 2) timeshare -, 1,592; 3) condo/hotel –1,462; 4) individual vacation- 756; 5) bed & breakfast - 353; 6) other- 189; 7) hostel- 21; and 8) apartment/hotel - 1. As Kona and South 4-118 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ECONomic DEVELOPMENT Kohala are the major destination areas, most of the units (approximately 8,000) are located in those two areas (County of Hawaii, 2005). An increasingly significant part of the tourism industry on the Island is the cruise ship industry. The County has experienced the largest impact from the cruise ship industry, with its relatively small tourist base. Hawai'i cruise ship visitor arrivals were 312,812 in 2005, and grew by 27 percent to 397,318 in 2006 (County of Hawaii, 2005). In 2005, about 66 percent of all visitors Island -wide stayed in hotels, 7.7 percent stayed in condominiums, 9.7 percent stayed with friends and relatives, 8.9 percent stayed in timeshare properties and 11.6 percent stayed on cruise ships. Hotel occupancy rates in Kona averaged 75.8 percent in the five year period from 2000 to 2005 (County of Hawaii, 2005). Diversified agriculture. Diversified agriculture, as referred in this plan, includes all agricultural commodities, except sugar and canned pineapple. According to figures supplied by the State Department of Agriculture, the revenue generated by diversified agriculture has continued to demonstrate gains every year since 1986. The majority of the fresh vegetables and fruits consumed in the State is imported. In many instances produce can be grown locally and with equal or better quality than imports. However, in order for local produce to replace a corresponding import, it must be grown and marketed year-round in sufficient quantity to meet local market demand. Without a commitment to use local produce, it is difficult for local growers to compete effectively with imported produce. Another opportunity for diversified agriculture expansion is the cruise line industry. A number of cruise lines are now sailing to Hawaii. Recently, there was an agricultural trade show hosting Norwegian Cruise Line purchasing officials. It was reported that these ships need fresh produce and fruit to supply the equivalent of 10 restaurants per ship and serve up to 2,000 passengers daily. (County of Hawaii, 2005). Still another potentially profitable market for locally grown produce is the new and largely untapped niche, of the seasonal overseas market. Some farmers have already successfully entered this niche market. The increase in direct sales of agricultural products at farmers' markets demonstrate an increasing interest among the public to purchase fresh, locally produced agriculture products. In October of 2007, the Hawaii Food Summit held in Kona was attended by about four hundred people interested in supporting the concept on increased food sustainability. Other events, such as The Taste of the Range, also indicate the growing support for local agriculture. KONA CDP 4-119 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, ECONomic DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Hawaii Island's climate and year-round growing season is conducive to agricultural production. Agriculture contributes substantially to the County's economy and produces a variety of goods for export and local consumption. The major industries in Kona are: aquaculture; cattle; coffee; forestry and macadamia nuts. Forest and Ranching. Forestry in Kona includes a wide range of climate- and zone -specific forests, from the smaller, naturally occurring dry forests of Kapolehu to larger forests containing high value plantation species that are harvested commercially in areas such as the Honaunau forest in South Kona (Allen, William, Bioscience, "Restoring Hawai`i's Dry Forests" Dec. 200, Vol 50. No. 12) and (CTHAR, Economic Issues, "Characteristics of Hawai`i's Retail Forest Industry in 2001," Feb 2006). Increasing interest lies in promoting ecologically sound methods of forestry, such as biodiverse agroforestry, in contrast to older methods of farm forestry like alley farming, as well as in reforesting former pastureland and the conservation and management of forests unique to Hawaii (Leakey, Roger, "Agroforestry: Tree -based Polycultures, www.agroforestry.neVevents/afwkshp2006/virtualwkshps.html#Anchor-Agenda-11481). The most recent 2001 survey estimated Hawai`i's forestry industry valued at $30.7 million, which includes a retail sector valued at $23.9 million (CTHAR, Economic Issues, "Characteristics of Hawai`i's Retail Forest Industry in 2001," Feb 2006). Within the islands of Hawaii and Kauai alone, there are more than 40,000 acres of standing, harvestable timber, along with over 20,000 acres in various stages of planting, planning or natural regeneration (Leone, Honolulu Star Bulletin, "Native Bat Forces Review of Timber Harvesting," Dec. 12, 2002). The livestock industry on the island of Hawaii includes �. ' " approximately 450 beef cattle and dairy ranching operations, Forest in Kona. ' located primarily in the North Kohala, Kona, and Ka`u districts, which generates over $20 million per year for the island. The island's beef cattle industry provides over half of the state's beef supply on approximately 650,000 acres of grazing land; however, most calves are now exported to the mainland U.S. Over 2,000 dairy cows, primarily Holstein -Friesians, stock the four major dairies on the island, providing almost all of the fresh fluid milk supply. The dairy industry generates over $7.5 million in farm gate revenues ("County of Hawaii Agriculture: Livestock" www.hawaii-county.com/bigislandag/livestock.html. 1997). Significant amounts of pastureland on the island are currently being withdrawn from use due to sale and other factors, and, in line with more biodiverse farming trends, Kona is currently seeing some efforts toward reclamation of pastureland for agroforestry, in certain areas (Kelley, Jack. "Shifting Paradigms for West Hawaii" Hawaii Island Journal, Dec. 4, 2004 www.hawaiisalandjournal.com/2004/12bO4b.html). Redevelopment Needs. A high priority is the need to invest in Kailua Village as the commercial, cultural, and visitor center for Kona. Capital reinvestment in Kailua properties has been below needed thresholds for years. Faced with a continuing decline, some tenants have departed as their 4-120 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ECONomic DEVELOPMENT leases have expired, and prospective tenants and owners have elected to locate their operations outside of the Village center. On the other hand, increasingly, travelers are choosing to stay in time-share units, condominiums, on cruise ships or with friends and family. This provides the Village with new opportunities to become economically and culturally strong. Also, the new owners of the King Kamehameha Beach Hotel will soon begin a $25 million upgrade to the facility. But without substantial improvements, Kailua Village's current businesses will likely be drawn away by the new commercial center on Queen Lili`uokalani Trust lands, mauka of the Old Airport. This will further decrease the economic viability of the Kailua Village. One proactive response to this threat has been the creation of the Kailua Village Business Improvement District (KVBID). Business Improvement Districts are a concept that swept through North America in the 1990s. They generally involve a legal mechanism to create a sustainable funding base for enhancing the management of a business district. The KVBID is a collaborative effort between business, government and area residents to develop and implement creative solutions to improve the cleanliness, attractiveness and economic vibrancy of Kailua Village. District landowners, lessees of land, commercial tenants and residents are assessed according to property tax valuations and these assessments return directly to the District to fund programs and improvements. Housing Needs. The current shortage of all types of affordable and workforce housing is making it difficult for many residents to make a living as well as creating a major obstacle for companies to attract and retain employees in Kona. 4.8.2 Overall Strategy Housing in Kona. Economic vulnerability increases with excessive dependence on imports (e.g., susceptible to shipping strikes) and lack of diversity (e.g., susceptible to global recessions that reduce visitor travel). Therefore, the overall strategy for Kona's economic development is to support Kona's current strengths in agriculture and tourism, and to diversify with new opportunities that reduce dependence on imports, complement other objectives such as recycling and alternative energy, and provide job opportunities that raise the skill levels of the workforce. Pertinent initiatives include the following: (a) Energy industry. With NELHA as a catalyst, the policies encourage the development of renewable and distributed energy endeavors. (b) Health industry. With a new Kona hospital as a catalyst, the policies encourage the development of health-related endeavors where Kona adds its own stamp to the island's reputation as the healing island. (c) Resource recovery network. The policies envision the development of interdependent industries in Kona that exchange and make use of each other's byproducts. (d) Food industry. Kona has a name brand specialty export crop in the Kona coffee. The policies support the health of that agricultural sector. Additionally, the policies recognize the benefits of KONA CDP 4-121 CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, ECONomic DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, AND ACTIONS increasing locally produced food for the local market by reducing the current 85% dependence on imported food to the island. The suggested means is through the expansion of the underutilized Keahole Agricultural Park, and support for farmer's markets, NELHA's aquaculture incubation, community gardens, and opportunities to share cooking and food traditions. The inspiration is the Kona Field System, a vast, intensively cultivated area in the Kona uplands, which once supported a native Hawaiian population comparable in size to Kona's population today. According to figures supplied by the State Department of Agriculture, the revenue generated by diversified agriculture has continued to demonstrate gains every year since 1986. Diversified agriculture includes all agricultural commodities except sugar and canned pineapple. In order to move beyond the development of specialty niche market products and actually replace imports, locally -grown products must be supplied in sufficient quantities, year around, to meet the local market demand. Without the ability to make this commitment, it is difficult for local growers to compete effectively with imported products. Besides increasing our food sustainability, the development of a strong agricultural industry in Kona serves as an incentive to protect agricultural lands for agriculture. The primary strategies for the enhancement of our Agricultural Industry in Kona focus on the following. 1. Protection of Agricultural Lands. The maintenance of the current overall density of agriculturally- zoned lands outside of the Kona Urban Area (UA) will discourage unplanned sprawl as well as protect agricultural lands for agricultural uses. See Policy LU -3.8 2. Rural Clusters. The adoption of the new program will encourage clustering of development on agricultural lands in exchange for the perpetual protection of contiguous blocks of lands for crop production. The program will also provide an opportunity to create affordable housing in rural areas. See Policy LU -3.3 3. Availability of Water. The Plan supports the need to identify irrigation water sources for the agricultural industry. See Policy PUB -4.3 4. Agricultural Tourism. The County shall adopt a program to define the legal development of our agricultural tourism industry. See Policy ECON. 2.1 5. Buy Local. The development of a "Local Grown" marketing program for agricultural products will promote Kona's agricultural industry which, in turn, encourages the protection of agricultural lands. See Policy ECON. 2.1 6. Urban Community Gardens. Land provided for use as community parks can be used for the development of community gardens within urban areas. See Policy PUB -6.2 (e) Ecosystem Services. The concept of ecosystem services attempts to make conservation a viable business option. The policies encourage the further exploration and development of this concept. (f) Workforce Development and Innovation. The new West Hawaii University or community college would synergize with NELHA, the hospital, and the Design Center to provide training opportunities for Kona's upcoming generation and, thereby, also attract new businesses. With partnerships established among other universities with expertise in emerging technology, engineering, and science, the university can stimulate innovative applications in the business arena. 4-122 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS ECONomic DEy/ELOPMENT (g) Redevelopment. For our existing communities to thrive and for new opportunities to expand, we must invest in and maintain our basic infrastructure. The formation of a redevelopment District in Kailua is necessary in order to maintain and enhance Kailua Village as the commercial, cultural, and visitor center for the Kona District. As part of the proposed Kailua redevelopment project, it will be very important to provide new workforce housing and live -work units in the Village area to serve the needs of local business. Redevelopment priorities for our Mauka Towns also need to be established. 4.8.3 Goal, Objectives, Policies, and Actions Economic Development Goal: To foster economic diversification, reduce import dependence, and increase employment opportunities that pay living wages. Objective ECON-1. Strategic Public Facilities and Business Opportunities as Economic Stimuli. To optimize the potential of certain public facilities and policies to stimulate ancillary economic growth that is desirable because they are environmentally clean, diversify the economy (i.e., not visitor -dependent), pay decent wages, and demand skills and intellect that challenge Kona's existing and upcoming workforce. Policy ECON-1.1: Hospital as Stimulus for Healthcare Industry. Kona needs a new hospital to replace its existing outdated and out -of -place facility. The new hospital should be located in a TOD along Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road) for optimum accessibility by automobile or transit. To encourage the private sector to negotiate a site for the hospital, the TOD in which the hospital decides to locate within shall be automatically designated a Regional Center TOD if the Official Kona Land Use Map (see Figure 4-7) has designated it as a Neighborhood TOD. As a Regional Center TOD, there would be incentives for medical offices and other hospital -related businesses to develop in the vicinity. Action ECON-1.1a: Develop Request for Proposal (RFP) for new hospital, negotiate with candidates, and select new site (DOH, PD, private, 1-2). Action ECON-1.1 b: Develop medical center TOD master plan and rezone as a Regional Center TOD (DOH, PD, private, 1-2). Policy ECON-1.2: Civic Center as Stimulus for Office and Retail Development. The proposed civic center should be master planned within the context of an overall TOD master plan in order to have the civic center function as an inviting and attractive town center, and to properly capture the potential secondary business demands generated by the numerous County employees working at the civic center as well as the residents drawn to the civic center to conduct business. KONA CDP 4-123 ECONomic DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Action ECON-1.2a: Develop TOD master plan with the civic center as the heart of the town center and rezone as a Commercial TOD (DPW, PD, 2-3). Policy ECON-1.3: NELHA as Stimulus for Energy and Research Industry. NELHA has paradoxical missions: is it a research institution that requires State subsidy or a self-sustaining commercial operation. Are the diverse uses of the cold, pristine, deep ocean water its focus or is the innovative energy research that may use the deep ocean water or other ocean resources as well as non -ocean energy research its focus. The Kona CDP encourages the State and NELHA's board of directors to balance NELHA's complex mission in order to make it a world-class renewable energy research center with close ties to the proposed West Hawaii University. To offset research subsidies, the plan supports commercial development of the mauka NELHA area by businesses incubated at the NELHA's research area. The proposed frontage road would provide convenient access by residents and visitors to this proposed commercial area. Action ECON-1.3a: Encourage DBEDT and NELHA Board of Directors (BOD) to reevaluate and publicly articulate NELHA's short- and long-term business plan (DBEDT, NELHA, 1-2). Action ECON-1.3b: Develop a master plan for the commercial development of the mauka area of NELHA and obtain entitlements (DBEDT, NELHA, 1-2). Action ECON-1.3c: Design and construct the frontage road to complement and implement the commercial master plan (NELHA, private, DPW, PD, 5-10). Policy ECON-1.4: University as Workforce Development. The synergistic relationship of a university or community college at West Hawaii with the hospital, NELHA, and Design Center will provide opportunities for the West Hawaii residents to obtain the necessary education and training to fill jobs in the emerging skill areas of healthcare, energy, agriculture and urban design. Action ECON-1.4a: Work with the State, University system, and the community to finalize decisions regarding the mission and size of the new university at West Hawaii (UH, PRIV, on- going). Hawai'i Community College & UH West Hawai'i Service Center. NancyPisicchio Action ECON-1.4b: Develop a master plan and program funds for the design and construction of the campus (UH, private, 3-5). Action ECON-1.4c: Develop the TOD master plan for the surrounding areas of the University in coordination with the adjoining Palamanui project (UH, private, 3-5). Action ECON-1.4d: Formalize the relationships between the Hawaii Community College and the Design Center, NELHA, and the healthcare industry (UH, NELHA, DC, on-going). 4-124 KONA CDP CHAPTER 4 GOALS, OBJECTIVES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS EcON0mic DEyEL0PMENT Policy ECON-1.5: Food industry catalysts. Support the expansion of the Keahole Agricultural Park to provide affordable farm lots that emphasize local food production. The proximity of the Park to the new university (for research and technical support), the airport (for exporting), and the urban villages (for direct marketing such as farmers' markets) makes this area a unique opportunity. Policy ECON-1.6: Conservation as a viable business option. Support the evolving refinement of the concept of ecosystem services to encourage private owners to manage or restore their lands in their natural state (see Policies ENV -1.3 and ENV -1.4). Policy ECON-1.7: Redevelopment as Economic Stimuli. The County should work with the Kailua Village Improvement District, the Chamber of Commerce and other Stakeholders to develop the Kailua Village Redevelopment District Plan and the Rural Towns' redevelopment plans (see Policy LU — 2.4). The plans shall address: ■ Infrastructure improvements and public safety ■ Infill and Brownfield Development ■ Multi modal transportation ■ Mixed-use development opportunities ■ Affordable and workforce housing ■ Public Parking V011Cy tLUN-1.6: tco-Industrial varK. 10 encourage the feasibility testing of the concept - of an eco -industrial park, which is a' community of firms that exchange and make use of each other's byproducts, there shall be a Project District called the Eco -Industrial Park that should be encouraged within the Urban ,. •.v< Area zoned MG, ML, or MCK The County may consider assisting in by funding experts #o_ to work with the developer to create a master '` '` plan and marketing scheme, and to coordinate with the County's Solid Waste Division and Rendering of Eco -Industrial Park. COH. other interested parties. On a smaller scale, a community program should recognize efforts by individual businesses to modify their practices to reduce waste and/or substitute with recoverable materials. Action ECON-1.8a: Establish a pool of expertise and information on the eco - industrial park concept (R&D, 3-5). Action ECON-1.8b: Establish a reuse center to refurbish and sell used appliances and materials (In progress by OHCD and Catholic Social Ministries). Action ECON-1.8c: Establish a community recognition program for green businesses (Being done by Chamber of Commerce). KONA CDP 4-125 ECONomic DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 4 GOALs, OBJECTivES, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS Objective ECON-2. Strengthen and Encourage New Agricultural -Related Endeavors. To enhance existing and encourage new agriculturally -related endeavors. Policy ECON-2.1: Explore and provide opportunities to support, promote, or enhance Kona's agricultural industry. Action ECON-2.1 a: The County will work with Kona's Agricultural Community to make recommendations for priorities such as (R&D, DOA, COMM., on-going): 1. Market research for potential export crops in North and South Kona. 2. Language assistance to enable non-English speaking farmers to market their crops. 3. Agricultural industry training for current and new farmers. 4. Establishment of processing facilities in order for farmers to increase opportunities to develop value-added products. 5. Encouragement local institutions (e.g., school cafeterias) to purchase locally produced food. 5. New "crop incubator" projects. 7. Centralized data center to serve as a clearinghouse for information on available Kona agricultural products, services, and markets. 5. Establishment of a commercial kitchen and drying facility to encourage increased diversity in value-added products. 9. Expand the County's "green waste" nutrients recycling program and purchase a tub grinder for the Kona Green Waste Processing Facility. 10. Programs and events to support and promote agriculture in Kona. Action ECON-2.1 b: Create and adopt a county Agricultural Tourism program/policy (R&D, DOA, COMM., 2-3). Action ECON-2.1c: In partnership with the agriculture community in Kona, the County will establish a "Local Grown" program for agriculture products (R&D, DOA, COMM., UH, 1-2). 71L 41 __ �8fpgyNQ P aBKONA E ERRYfig N Farmer's Market. Farmer's Market. 71L 41 �8fpgyNQ P aBKONA E ERRYfig Farmer's Market. 4-126 KONA CDP ACTION PLAN 5. ACTION PLAN CHAPTER Jc- With the growth of the population around the Island, it has been increasingly clear that regional approaches are necessary to effectively implement many of the broad Objectives identified within the County General Plan's Elements. The County General Plan, approved in 2005, marked a new era in government for the County of Hawaii because it established the program serving to develop Community Development Plans around the Island. The Kona CDP is not expected to provide all the solutions. What the drafting and adoption of the Kona CDP, or any of the Island's CDPs, does is provide a major step in the increased regionalization of the Island's planning so that we may become more effective in addressing both the character of the region as well as the needs of the local residents. The Kona CDP contains Goals, Objectives, Policies, and Actions that are targeted to be implemented within Kona. Some of the Actions will be enacted by the adoption of the Kona CDP by the Hawaii County Council. Others will require subsequent activities, appropriation of funding, community-based program development, participation by private business and/or other government agencies. Due to the Kona -specific nature of this Kona CDP as a County legal policy document, it will be very important over the planning horizon of the Kona CDP to monitor, assess, and facilitate progress being made toward the implementation of all the Policies and Actions. The structure and staffing of the Planning Department will need to evolve to provide for the long-range planning oversight that will be necessary to implement and administer the Kona CDP. In addition, due to the focus of the County Planning Commission as a regulatory body, as well as the enormous task that oversight Kona -specific policies will require, there is the need for creating of a regional Implementation Committee (IC) dedicated specifically to monitoring and facilitating Kona CDP Policy implementation. 5.1 FINANCING PLAN There shall be a financing plan to identify alternative funding sources for infrastructure, public facilities and services, and other initiatives identified in the Kona CDP. Upon completion of the financing plan, the Implementation Committee shall recommend appropriate actions. 5.1.1 Scope of the Financing Plan The financing plan shall address, at a minimum, the following: Financing Policies. Articulate the financing policies, such as when special assessments or taxes are appropriate compared with general obligation bonds, who would merit special treatment under certain funding mechanisms (e.g., affordable housing units), and the acceptable maximum tax burden. Build -out Rate. Use the latest available information to project the build -out of the planning area, which the County will provide upon discussions with landowners and developers. KONA CDP 5-1 CHAPTER 5 ACTION PLAN Funding Needs. Provide cost estimates for the infrastructure, facilities, and services listed in the following section. Develop a phasing plan based on the build -out rate and financial feasibility analysis. To ensure concurrency, critical infrastructure (i.e., roads, sewer, and water) shall be in place at the time of projected occupancy. Alternative Funding Sources. Consider at a minimum the appropriateness of following funding sources: a. General fund current revenues; b. General obligation bonds; c. Revenue bonds (including redevelopment authority bonds); d. Land -secured financing (improvement districts, community facilities districts); e. Business improvement districts (services and facilities); f. Development fees (e.g., DWS facilities charges); g. User fees; h. Impact fees (examine the potential uses of this source if an impact fee ordinance has not been adopted); i. Tax -increment financing, and/or other means to earmark portions of property tax revenues generated from the planning area for specific improvements or services; j. Grants and donations; k. Reimbursement programs (formal mechanisms to reimburse initial developers or public agencies for upfront funding). 5.1.2 Funding List The following funding list is compiled from Chapter 4 and not ordered in priority. 1. Programs a. Design Center setup (see Policy LU -4.1) b. Civic Center TOD master planning program (see Policy ECON-1.2) c. Kailua Village Redevelopment Planning Program (see Policy LU -2.3) d. Rural Towns Redevelopment Planning Program (see Policy LU -3.1) e. Open Space Network program (see Policy ENV -2.1) f. Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program (see Policy ENV -1.2) g. Anchialine Ponds and Nearshore Water Quality Management and Monitoring Program (see Policies ENV -1.11 and ENV -1.12) h. Urban Stormwater management Program (see Policy PUB -4.7 i. Cultural Resources Inventory (see Policy CR -1.1) j. Kona Cultural Resources Committee and Cultural Landscape Report support (see Policy CR -1.1) 5-2 KONA CDP ACTION PLAN CHAPTER 5 2. Capital improvements and equipment a. Transportation i. Roads (see Policies TRAN-1.2, TRAN-1.5, TRAN-6.2, and Figure 4-3 Official Transportation Map) 1. Kahului-Keauhou Parkway 2. Mamalahoa Bypass 3. Keanalehu Street–Manawale`a Street 4. Keohokalole Highway (Mid -Level Road) a. Phase I: Palani Road to Kealakehe Parkway b. Phase II:Kealakehe Parkway to Hina Lani Street c. Phase III: Hina Lani Street to Kaiminani Drive 5. Kamanu Street Extension 6. La`aloa Street Extension 7. Lako Street Extension 8. Nani Kailua Street Extension a. Makai section (Kuakini Highway to Alii Drive) b. Mauka section (Hualalai Road to Kuakini Highway) 9. Kealaka`a Street Extension 10. Hienaloli Street Extension 11. University Drive 12. Frontage Road 13. Kuakini Highway Extension 14. Kakalina Street Extension 15. Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, Phase II (Kealakehe Parkway to Airport) 16. Kealakehe Parkway Extension to Kealaka`a Street ii. Buses—add new buses to improve existing service and for new routes as proposed roads are completed. (see Policy TRAN-1.4) iii. Rural paratransit (see Policy TRAN-5.1) iv. Park & Ride Facilities (see Policy TRAN-3.8) 1. Makaeo Village 2. Captain Cook v. Transit Stations (see Policies TRAN-1.6 and TRAN-3.8) 1. Kailua or Makaeo Village hub 2. TODs vi. New bus maintenance facility (Ssee Policy TRAN-1.4) KONA CDP 5-3 CHAPTER 5 ACTION PLAN vii. County parking lots/structures (see Policy TRAN-4.3) 1. Kailua Village 2. TODs viii. Safe Routes to School improvements (see Policy TRAN-3.5) ix. Trails and bikeways—to be determined by Open Space Network Plan (see Policies TRAN-3.6 and ENV 2.1) b. Water (see Policy PUB -4.1) i. Source ii. Storage iii. Transmission c. Wastewater (see Policies PUB -4.4, PUB -4.5, and PUB -4.6) i. Kealakehe WWTP Expansion ii. New natural system WWTP iii. Sewer system expansion iv. Kahalu`u sewer extension v. Wastewater reclamation system d. Drainage (see Policy PUB -4.7) i. Flood mapping ii. Drainageways-- to be determined by Urban Stormwater Management Program e. Housing(see Policy HSG -1.1) i. Setup costs for Kona Housing Non -Profit ii. Kona Housing Trust Fund Financing program f. Parks (see Policy PUB -6.2) i. Regional park—new Kealakehe park ii. District park—upgraded Old Airport Park and new district park in S. Kona iii. Community parks—located approximately every two miles in the Kona UA iv. Neighborhood parks—financing to be determined by TOD/TND master plans v. Performing arts center/auditorium (if not part of regional park) g. One -Stop Community Resource Center w/ senior recreational center (see Policies PUB -3-2 and PUB -8.1) h. Open Space acquisitions (see Policies ENV -3.1, ENV -3.2, and ENV -3.3) i. Setup costs for Kona Treasures Fund ii. Candidate acquisition properties to be identified in Open Space Network Map L Civic Center (see Policy ECON-1.2) 5-4 KONA CDP ACTION PLAN CHAPTER 5 j. Fire (see Policies PUB -2.3 and PUB -2.4) i. New Makalei fire station, plus equipment and additional operational cost ii. New South Kona fire station, plus equipment and additional operational cost iii. Captain Cook expansion (currently in design phase) iv. New lifeguard stations, plus additional operational cost k. Police (see Policies PUB -2.1 and PUB -2.2) i. New South Kona police station (County is in the process of acquiring land) ii. Relocation of North Kona police station iii. Helicopter 1. Courthouse—relocate courthouse to Civic Center (see Policy PUB -2.1) m. Solid Waste-- Relocate transfer station n. Schools—financing of new schools within the TODs and TNDs to be determined by the TOD/TND master plans (see Policy PUB -6.6) o. University (see Policy ECON-1.4) p. Medical Center (see Policy ECON-1.1) 3. Services a. Maintenance of drainageways (see Policy ENV -1.8) b. Right-of-way landscape maintenance (see Policy TRAN-3.3) c. Pathways maintenance (see Policy ENV -2.1) d. Repaving upgrades for bike and pedestrian improvements (see Policy TRAN-3.4) e. 4 police officers/1000 residents (see Policy PUB -2.1) f. Parks maintenance (see Policy PUB -7.2) 5.1.3 Financing Districts Map In order to track the creation of financing districts such as community facilities districts, improvement districts, tax increment financing districts, business improvement districts, and redevelopment districts, such districts shall be included on the Official Public Facilities and Services Map (see Figures 4-10a to 4-10c) upon formation by ordinance. 5.2 IMPLEMENTATION Empowerment at the community level increases local access to decision making, thereby stimulating civic engagement. Broader civic engagement increases the overall knowledge and skill capacity of the community and this increasing capacity provides effective input and creates energy to enable the plan to evolve and adapt to the changing community needs. Therefore, this chapter sets forth a recommended community-based structure created to ensure the implementation of the Kona CDP. This requires several things: KONA CDP 5-5 CHAPTER 5 ACTION PLAN There is a community-based entity serving as the steward of the CDP, the "keeper of the flame", in terms of the plan; This entity is composed of representatives from the CDP planning area; and This entity keeps itself apprised of local land use issues. 5.2.1 Organizational Structure and Membership The recommended structure is to establish an appointed committee to be administered and staffed by the Planning Department. This Implementation Committee (IC) would consist of nine members with at least three members being residents of South Kona. In addition to the nine members, one representative each from the Design Center, the Kona Housing Non -Profit, the Kona Treasures Fund, and the Kona Cultural Resources Committee shall serve as ex -officio members of the Implementation Committee. The selection of the members shall be guided by the following criteria: ■ "Can do" attitude with optimism moderated by realism ■ Open-minded when considering whether the old ways may no longer work ■ Willing and able to work with and collaborate with people who may have different points of view ■ Respect and appreciate other cultures besides their own ■ Willing to work with government by collaborating and building partnerships ■ Ability to see the "big picture" — consider and include more than one's own agendas. Cultural competence in Hawaii's multi -cultural society. ■ Knowledge of the challenges of living and working in the distinctly different parts of Kona (North and South Kona Districts) ■ Connected with the community and know the people in the community. Although guided primarily by the above criteria, the selection shall also strive to balance representation of the following interests: ■ Environment ■ Housing ■ Hawaiian Heritage ■ Cultural Resources or Activities ■ Landowners/Developers ■ Business or Financing ■ Public Safety or Health ■ Education ■ General, including elderly, youth, or other interests 5.2.2 Duties The Implementation Committee (IC) shall serve as the official advocate for the Kona CDP. In addition to partnering with County government, the IC shall strive to stimulate and provide guidance for community-based participation in the implementation of the Kona CDP goals, objectives, policies and 5-6 KONA CDP ACTION PLAN CHAPTER Jc- actions. The timeline specified in the Implementation Matrix shall guide the establishment of the IC's priorities. The IC shall adopt rules of procedure. A. Plan implementation duties i. Receive periodic updates from County Departments at least once per year regarding Kona CDP implementation based on the Implementation Matrix; ii. Make recommendations on Kona CDP official map amendments; iii. Respond to public questions on the Kona CDP or forward questions to the proper agencies for response; iv. Initiate and coordinate actions for which the community has assumed responsibility; v. Advocate for action if implementation stalls; vi. Annually evaluate progress on Kona CDP actions and assess the need to update/amend policies; vii. Review and revise the indicators on an annual basis, or as otherwise necessary; viii. Hold annual "town" meetings to discuss implementation issues, progress, and need for changes; ix. Assist in the education of government and the community regarding the Kona CDP - specific policies adopted for the planning area. B. Budgetary duties i. For any "block" CIP appropriations to the CDP planning area, establish priorities and monitor progress based on the Kona CDP; ii. For the annual County -wide CIP Budget, provide a list of priorities to the Planning Department as input in the preparation of the Budget; iii. For the annual County -wide Operational Budget, provide recommendations to the relevant departments as input in the preparation of the Budget. iv. Assist the County in implementing the funding plan C. Regulatory Updates i. The Planning Commission(s) has the responsibility for regulatory decision-making, which is very time-consuming. The role of the IC should be to focus on proactive implementation of the Kona CDP, and not to be consumed by reacting to every permit application. Nevertheless, it is important for the IC to be aware of pending and approved applications. For this purpose, the Planning Department should provide a report to the IC at intervals desired by the IC of all pending and approved permits processed by the Planning Department located within the Kona CDP planning area. 5.2.3 Annual and Comprehensive Review With support from the Planning Department, the IC shall prepare an annual report to the community outlining the progress and obstacles in implementing the Kona CDP. The Report shall cover, at a minimum, the following: A. Summary report card based on the Kona CDP Implementation Matrix and the Indicators identified in Chapters 5 and 6; B. Accomplishments, for the year and cumulative; KONA CDP 5-7 CHAPTER 5 ACTION PLAN C. Major issues or challenges, for the year and cumulative; D. Recommended amendments to the plan with a determination on whether an amending ordinance should be processed immediately or should be accumulated with other pending recommendations to be addressed in the next comprehensive update. 5.3 IMPLEMENTATION MATRIX The Implementation Matrix provides a list of the actions needed to implement the Kona CDP, by element. The matrix indicates the type of actions that will be required to implement the policies, and the completion time of the actions to be initiated. The IC shall have the authority to approve updates to the matrix on an annual basis, or as otherwise necessary, to keep the responsibilities and actions current and effective. County implementation of the actions will be dependent upon available funding. Acronyms/Abbreviations App. Applicant BUS. Businesses CD Civil Defense COE US Army Corps of Engineers COMM Community-based Organization DATA County Data Systems DBEDT State Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism DEM County Department of Environmental Management DC Design Center DOA State Department of Agriculture DOE State Department of Education DOH Department of Health DOT State Department of Transportation DHHL State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands DLNR State Department of Land & Natural Resources DPW County Department of Public Works DWS County Department of Water Supply Fin. County Finance Department HCCRC Hawaii County Cultural Resources Commission HELCO Hawaii Electric and Light Company HHFDC Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation KCC Kona Chamber of Commerce KCRC Kona Cultural Resources Committee KVBID Kailua Village Business Improvement District KVDC Kailua Village Design Commission Mayor's County Mayor's Office MT County Mass Transit Agency NELHA Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii NPS National Park Service 5-8 KONA CDP ACTION PLAN Acronyms/Abbreviations (continued) OA County Office of Aging OHCD County Office of Housing and Community Development OSC County Open Space Commission OSP Office of State Planning PATH People's Advocacy for Trails Hawaii PC County Planning Commission PD County Planning Department PR County Department of Parks & Recreation QLT Queen Lili`uokalani Trust R&D County Research & Development SHPD State Historic Preservation Division State State agency SWCD Soil Water Conservation District TNC The Nature Conservancy UH University of Hawaii CHAPTER Jc- KONA CDP 59 CHAPTER Jc - ACTION PLAIN 5-10 KONA CDP ESTIMATED TIMELINE ACTION a d m rn c L IMPLEMENTER(S) i N M U 7 LL O N M SECTION 4.1 TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS TRAN-1.2a: Design and construct the Keohokalole Highway in functional sections Phase I: Palani Road to Kealakehe Parkway a) Design Ready ✓I I JPD b Construction Ready I DPW c Construct ✓ DOT. DPW Phase II - Kealakehe Parkway to Hina Lani Street a Design Ready JPD b Construction Ready IDPW c) Construct IDPW Phase III - Hina Lani Street to Ka'iminani Drive a Design Ready PD b) Construction Ready✓ DPW c Construct ✓ DPW Phase IV — Ka'iminani Drive to University Drive a) Design Ready ✓ Private b Construction Ready Private c Construct ✓ Private TRAN-1 Aa: Establish bus routes on existing streets along the designated Secondary Transit Route ✓ MT TRAN-1 Ab: Establish bus routes on proposed streets as they are built along the designated Secondary ✓ MT Transit Route TRAN-1Ac: Provide bus maintenance facility in the Kona Urban Area (UA) to support the expanded bus ✓ MT service TRAN-1.5a: Design and construct Frontage Road Phase I - Airport to Huliko'a a Coordinate design and intersections with the DOT's Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway widening ✓ PD, DOT b Coordinate financing with public and private owners ✓ PD, Fin. c Obtain permit approvals ✓I JPD Phase II - National Park Service section a Determine alignment within 300 -foot ROW or NPS property ✓ PD, NPS Phase III - Connect to Kuakini Highway extension a) Coordinate financing and construction with DLNR/DHHL and QLT ✓ PD, DPW, DLNR, DHHL, QLT TRAN-1.6a: Determine the location, design, and function of ma or transit hub ✓ MT, PD TRAN-1.6b: Determine funding and construction schedule ✓ MT, PD TRAN-1.6c: Identify Kailua urban transit routes, including phasing and transfer points ✓ MT TRAN-1.7a: Establish a route to Kailua or Makaeo Village with enhanced frequency and in coordination with ✓ MT rural paratransit service TRAN-1.7b: Master plan transit stations in coordination with Rural Town redevelopment ✓ MT, PD TRAN-3.4a: Identify high priority retrofits and coordinate with County Department of Public Works ✓ PD, DPW TRAN-3.4b: Obtain County Department of Public Work's repaving and repair project schedule and ✓ PD, DPW coordinate retrofits in con unction with those pro ects TRAN-3.8a: Master plan, design, and construct park and ride facilities ✓ MT TRAN-3.8b: Coordinate inter -modal connection with Kona International Airport Master Plan ✓ MT, PD, DOT TRAN-3.8c: Investigate beach service options ✓ MT TRAN-4.3a: Identify centralized public parking as part of the TOD Village Master Plans ✓ PD, develo er TRAN4.3b: Identify centralized public parking as part of the Kailua Redevelopment Plan ✓ PD, KVBID TRAN-5.1b: Commence shuttle service using mini -vans and small buses i.e. Handi-Van ✓I I IMT TRAN-6.2a: Develop financing Ian for streets according to the priorities listed in Polic TRAN-6.2 ✓I I I PD, DPW, Fin. PROGRAMS TRAN-3.2a: Determine staffing and equipment requirements for landscaping maintenance program ✓ DPW, PD 5-10 KONA CDP ACTION PLAIN CHAPTER 5 TRAN-4.1a: Implement Rideshare Program for County employees ESTIMATED TIMELINE TRAN-4.1 b: Identify major employers to initiate TDM programs ✓ MT TRAN-4.2a: Evaluate work shifts of major employers in relation to existing bus schedules and routes v r ✓ MT 12 ✓ Businesses ACTION =� _ ,��, y y d IMPLEMENTER(S) he meter after nine miles ` O T N T M T T L i 7 LL 0 N M IRAN -3.2b: Identifyfinancingtools for maintenance programs through public financingIan ✓ DPW, PD, Fin. TRAN-3.2c: Implement financing Ian for maintenance programs V TRAN-2.1a: Amend Chapter 23 Subdivision Code to incorporate connectivity standards ✓ DPW, PD, Fin. TRAN-3.5a: Identify high priority routes in coordination with State Department of Education, State ✓ DPW, DOE, DOT Department of Transportation, and County Department of Public Works PD TRAN-3.6a: Designate multi -modal paths(pedestrians, bicycle) ✓ DPW, PD TRAN-4.1a: Implement Rideshare Program for County employees ✓ MT, Mayor's Office TRAN-4.1 b: Identify major employers to initiate TDM programs ✓ MT TRAN-4.2a: Evaluate work shifts of major employers in relation to existing bus schedules and routes ✓ MT TRAN-4.2b: Request major employers to contribute toward subsidizing commuter transit service ✓ Businesses TRAN-4.3c: Investigate appropriate arkin fees ✓ PD TRAN-5.1a: Establish fares for seniors, disabled, students, and general public. ✓ MT TRAN-5.1c: Modify shared ride taxi program to use coupons for the first nine miles and to allow starting ✓ MT he meter after nine miles ANDARDS AND REGULATIONS TRAN-1.1a: Adopt Official Transportation Network Ma TRAN-1.3a: General locations of TODs have been determined by the Official Land Use Ma TRAN-2.1a: Amend Chapter 23 Subdivision Code to incorporate connectivity standards TRAN-2.2a: Update the Official Transportation Network Maps with intersection locations as they are ✓ PD determined through preliminary engineering reports or other plans and/or studies TRAN-3.1: Complete on-going effort to revise County of Hawaii Street Standards ✓ PD TRAN-3.3a: Designate the red aimed wastewater zone on Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and Services Ma TRAN-3.3b: Establish list of recommended vegetation, in consultation with Kona Outdoor Circle, as an ✓ PD, DPW amendment to the County of Hawaii Street Standards TRAN-3.7a: Develop criteria for selecting and determining appropriate traffic calming tools as part of the ✓ PD, DPW on-going revision of the COH Street Standards TRAN-6.1a: Adopt Concurrency Map SECTION 4.2 LAND USE ,PROJECTS LU -2.3b: Initiate redevelopment plan for Kailua Village. Consider the establishment of redevelopment authority, pursuant to HRS Chapter 53 (Urban Renewal), Partner with the Kailua Village Business ✓ PD, KVDC, KVBID Improvement District program in preparing their redevelopment plan LU -2.6a: Negotiate the respective cost-sharing of the appropriate public facilities ✓ DC, Applicants LU -2.6b: Program funding of major transit routes, transit stations, and major parks within urban core in ✓ PD, Fin. coordination with proposed TOD build out LU -3.1 b: Prepare town master plan(s) ✓ I PD, MT, Town Entity 1-1-1-3.2b: Prepare village master plan(s) ✓ PD, MT, Village Entity PROGRAMS LU -2.1b: Conduct public workshop to educate the community, including landowners, developers, and the ✓ PD, R&D, DC public about TOD/TND Villages LU -3.1a: Initiate community organization effort, including landowners, developers, and public, on the ✓ R&D, PD opportunities of TODs/TNDs for each of the rural towns LU -3.2a: Initiate community organization effort, including landowners, developers, and public, on the ✓ R&D, PD opportunities of TODs/TNDs for each of the rural villages LU -4.1a: As an option, consider budgeting and hiring independent contractor(s) to determine the structure of the Design Center and to establish a pilot program. During this interim period the independent ✓ PD contractor will provide recommendations to the Planning Director for land use applications requiring Design Center review LU -4.1 b: Create and fund positions to staff the Design Center ✓ PD LU -4.3a: Assign and train staff I I ✓ I I I JPD KONA CDP 5-11 CHAPTER 5 ACTION PLAIN Policy LU -1.6: 17 -mile protected coastline ESTIMATED LU -2.1a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to define TODs and TNDs TIMELINE ✓ Village Design Guidelines PD Policy LU -22: TOD/TND Components Policy LU -2.3: Official Land Use Map shows general locations of TODs LU -2.4a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code to establish TOD floating zone project district AcTlo . LU -2.5b: Continually improve and refine the Village Design Guidelines ✓ PD. DC/PD Policy LU -2.7: Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) Floating Zone Established IMPLEMENTER(S) the specified residential and commercial zoning districts L LU -2.8b: Review subdivision and plan approval applications pursuant to requirements for parks, housing, N M U LU -2.8c: Review conventional rezoning applications pursuant to Policy LU -2.8 (2)(b) ✓ PD LU -3.3a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code and Chapter 23 Subdivision Code to establish Clustered Rural 7 LL Subdivision PUD N P7 LU -3.4b: Continually improve and refine the guidelines ✓ PD, DC/PD DARDS AND REGULATIONS ✓ Agricultural so as to increase the flexibility of the Clustered Rural Subdivision Program PD, OSP LU -3.5a: Review subdivision application for lands with existing zoning Ag -1 to Ag -5a and FA pursuant to ✓ Policy LU -3.5 PD LU -1.1a: Adopt Official Kona Land Use Ma ✓ Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines PD Policy LU -3.6: Subdivision on Agriculturally -Zoned Land Served by a Private Water System LU -3.7a: Reviewing Agricultural Employee Housing proposals pursuant to Policy LU -3.7 ✓ Policy LU -12: Define Kona Urban Area ✓ Policy LU -4.2: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to require mandatory Design Center review SECTION 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES PROGRAMS LU -1.3a: County shall work with State to identify lands that maybe appropriate to reclassify from ✓ DATA Agriculture to Rural, consistent with the Kona CDP Policies State, PD LU -1.5a: Review rezoning and SMA applications pursuant to Policy LU -1.4 ✓ LU -1.5b: Identify priority shorelines for increased setback as part of Policy ENV -2.1 Open Space Network ✓ PD Pro ram ✓ PD. PR Policy LU -1.6: 17 -mile protected coastline LU -2.1a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to define TODs and TNDs LU -2.1c: Work with landowners, through the Design Center to encourage proposals consistent with ✓ Village Design Guidelines PD Policy LU -22: TOD/TND Components Policy LU -2.3: Official Land Use Map shows general locations of TODs LU -2.4a: Amends Chapter 25 Zoning Code to establish TOD floating zone project district LU -2.5a: Adopt Village Design Guidelines LU -2.5b: Continually improve and refine the Village Design Guidelines ✓ PD. DC/PD Policy LU -2.7: Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND) Floating Zone Established LU -2.8a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to create a TND overlay zone for existing zoned lands within the specified residential and commercial zoning districts LU -2.8b: Review subdivision and plan approval applications pursuant to requirements for parks, housing, ✓ street standards, wastewater, and concurrency PD LU -2.8c: Review conventional rezoning applications pursuant to Policy LU -2.8 (2)(b) ✓ PD LU -3.3a: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code and Chapter 23 Subdivision Code to establish Clustered Rural Subdivision PUD LU -3.4a: Adopt Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines ✓ LU -3.4b: Continually improve and refine the guidelines ✓ PD, DC/PD LU -3.4c: Work with the State to allow individual home sites smaller than one acre on lands classified as ✓ Agricultural so as to increase the flexibility of the Clustered Rural Subdivision Program PD, OSP LU -3.5a: Review subdivision application for lands with existing zoning Ag -1 to Ag -5a and FA pursuant to ✓ Policy LU -3.5 PD LU -3.5b: Work with landowners through the Design Center to encourage proposals consistent with ✓ Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines PD Policy LU -3.6: Subdivision on Agriculturally -Zoned Land Served by a Private Water System LU -3.7a: Reviewing Agricultural Employee Housing proposals pursuant to Policy LU -3.7 ✓ LU -3.8a: Review rezoning applications with higher burden of justification pursuant to Policy LU -3.8 ✓ Policy LU -4.2: Amend Chapter 25 Zoning Code to require mandatory Design Center review SECTION 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES PROGRAMS ENV -1.1a: Compile available GIS environmental data and make it available to the publicPD, DATA ENV -1.2a: Organize the Kona Mauka Watershed Partnership✓ PD ENV -12b: Budget and hire contractor to coordinate and prepare Kona Mauka Watershed Management ✓ Program PD ENV -1.2c: Implement Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program ✓ PD ENV -1.3a: Identify, inform, educate affected public agencies to participate in the preparation of the Kona ✓ Mauka Watershed Management Program PD ENV -1.4a: Identify, inform, educate affected private landowners to participate in the preparation of the ✓ Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program PD ENV -1.4b: Develop and establish ecosystems services incentives and a financing program, through the ✓ Kona Mauka Watershed Management Program PD ENV -1.6a: Enact appropriate mechanisms pursuant to Policy ENV -12 Kona Mauka Watershed ✓ Management Program PD I ENV -1.7a: Develop priorities and financing strategies to improve accuracy and comprehensiveness of flood �� I I ✓ I I I DPW 5-12 KONA CDP ACTION PLAIN CHAPTER Jc- KONA CDP 5-15 ESTIMATED TIMELINE ACTION d = _ ; ; ; IMPLEMENTER(S) L N M U 7 LL () N P7 ma in ENV -1.7b: Budget and hire contractor to study feasibility of regional stormwater management systems, such ✓ DPW, PD as flow ways ENV -1.7c: Identify corridors to be recommended for public open space pursuant to Policy ENV -2.2 Open ✓ PD, DPW Space Network Program ENV -1.8a: Establish guidelines for Ado t -a -Corridor Program ✓ DPW ENV -1.11 a: Budget and hire contractor to verify and update the anchialine inventory and prepare ✓ PD, USACE anchialine pond management program ENV -1.12a: Hire consultant to prepare Water Quality Monitoring Guidelines ✓ PD, DPW, DOH ENV -1.12b: Set up water quality monitoring station locations PD, Community ✓ Organization, UH Sea Grant, DOH ENV -1.12c: Organize and train community base water quality team PD, Community ✓ Organizations, UH Sea Grant, DOH ENV -1.13a: Develop appropriate educational tools for residents and visitors and marketing plan to use them ✓ R&D ENV -1.13b: Conduct educational workshops ✓ R&D ENV -2.1a: Budget and hire consultant to prepare Open Space Network Program ✓ PD, PR, OSP, DLNR, TNC, NPS ENV -2.1b: Coordinate with the National Park Service's Ala Kahakai Trail Program ✓ PD, PR, OSP, DLNR, TNC, NPS ENV -3.1a: Identify high priority areas for acquisition pursuant to Policy ENV -2.1 Open Space Network ✓ PD, PR, OSC, DLNR Program ENV -3.2a: Develop a financing strategy as part of the Public Facilities Financing Program I JPD ENV -3.3a: Establish Kona Treasures Fund as tax deductible organization ✓I IPD,KCC ENV -3.3b: Provide funding and staff support as well as public marketing campaign ✓I I JPD,KCC STANDARDS AND REGULATI S Policy ENV -1.5: Sensitive Resources ENV -1.9a: Supports Chapter 27 pursuant to Policy ENV -1.9 ✓ Polic ENV -1.10: Non -De radation of Anchialine Ponds SECTION 4.4 CULTURAL RESOURCES ROGRAMS CR -1.1a: Establish the Cultural Resources Commission ✓ PD CR -1.1b: Identify by GPS Coordinates all existing historic trail alignments that (a) have been recommended for preservation by SHPD, (b) appear on historic maps and/or are known by oral tradition, and ilatfe✓ PD, CRC, SHPD, NPS these into the Count GIS database CR -1.1c: On a continuing basis, identify by GPS coordinates, all cultural resource sites, reco ✓ PD, CRC, SHPD reservation b SHPD and CRC and incorporate in County's GIS database CR -1.1d: Budget sufficient County funding to provide for administrative and technical support ✓ PD, CRC complete its duties listed in PolicyCR-1.1 CR -1.1e: Establish a work Ian to accomplish the duties in PolicyCR-1.1 ✓ CRC, PD CR -1.1f: Prepare Cultural Landscape Report ✓ CRC, PD CR -2.1a: The County shall maintain certification as a Certified Local Government (CLG) underlHistoric Preservation CLG Program in order to be eligible to apply for and receive preservation ✓ CRC, PDadministered throw h SHPD CR -2.2a: The County shall convene a workshop(s) that would include government agency rep, cultural representatives and other stakeholders to review and make recommendations on the current ✓ CRC programs intended to protect cultural resources and other historic sites CR -2.2b: The County shall recommend amendments to appropriate ordinances to incorporate the stewardship and protection of historic sites, buildings and artifacts (Grubbing and Grading, Subdivision ✓ CRC Code CR -2.2c: The County shall recommend amendments to appropriate ordinances to incorporate the appropriate use and implementation of native plants in the landscaping of public facilities such as schools, ✓ CRC government buildings, and parks CR -3.1a: Ensure the existence of and support for public and private entities that further the betterment of ✓ public and private Kanaka Ma'oli agencies, community KONA CDP 5-15 CHAPTER 5 ACTION PLAIN 5-14 KONA CDP ESTIMATED TIMELINE d = 0 0 o d IMPLEMENTER(S) L N M U 7 LL N P7 CR -3.1b: Increase fluency in Kanaka Ma'oli language ✓ public and private agencies, community CR -3.1c: Sponsor cross -sector dialogue on Kanaka Ma'oli culture and island values ✓ public and private agencies, community CR -3.1d: Protect Kanaka Ma'oli intellectual property and related traditional knowledge ✓ public and private a encies, community CR -3.1e: Provide Kanaka Ma'oli cultural education for residents, visitors and the general public ✓ public and private a encies, community CR -3.2a: Increase the number of educators who teach cultural and historic education ✓ public and private agencies, community CR -3.3a: Provide Kanaka Ma'oli mentors with opportunities to pass on Hawaiian culture and knowledge to✓ public and private the next generation of Kanaka Ma'oli and others agencies, community CR -3.3b: Perpetuate Kanaka Ma'oli food production associated with land and ocean traditions and practices ✓ public and private a encies, community Policy CR -3.4: Provide support for subsistence -based businesses and economies ✓ public and private agencies, community CR -3.5a: Apply the ahupua'a concept in action plan for the Kona Mauka Watershed Management ✓ public and private Program a encies, community SECTION 4.5 HOUSING OGRAMS HSG -a: Establish the Kona Non -Profit ✓ OHCD HSG -b.1: Sponsor a design contest and retain the winner to prepare pre -approved plans for starter ✓ Kona Non -Profit homes, accessory units, or other appropriate housin types HSG -b.2: Draft standard first right of refusal provision to be included in the Affordable Housing ✓ Kona Non -Profit Agreements executed between the developer and OHCD and incorporated as deed covenants HSG -b.3: Exercise rights of first refusal and purchase Chapter 11 units from developers to rent or lease to ✓ Kona Non -Profit income -qualified households HSG -b.4: Establish programs in coordination and to supplement island -wide programs ✓ Kona Non -Profit HSG -c.1: The County and the community should encourage State agencies currently developing OHCD, Kona Non -Profit, affordable projects to review their projects for consistency with the policies to provide affordable rentals, ✓ DHHL, HHFDC mix of housin types, and perpetual affordabilitystrategies HSG -c.2: The Kona Non -Profit should coordinate with the pertinent State and County agencies to inventory potential public lands that are suitable for housing development and initiate project planning or ✓ Kona Non -Profit, DLNR ensure land -banking for affordable housing purpose HSG -c.3: The County or Kona Housing Non- Profit should explore privatization options with the State ✓ OHCD, Kona Non -Profit housing agency STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS HSG -d.1: TOD/TND mixed affordable housing requirement, TOD/TND preemption of ohana dwelling, Project District Affordable Housing Floating Zone HSG -d.2: Additional Chapter 11 credits for workforce housing; disabled, elderly, livelwork units; 1:1 density bonus; resale restrictions HSG -e: New private developments are encouraged to creatively provide low costlaffordable housing and meet certain needs especially critical to Kona. The Design Center should help to increase awareness of ✓ DC/PD these policies and stimulate creativity to meet these needs SECTION 4.6 PUBLIC FACILTIES, INFRASTRUCTURE & SERVICES PROJECTS PUB -2.1a: Plan a new North Kona Police Station to be located within the Honokohau Village TOD and ✓ Police program for design and construction funding PUB -2.1b: Coordinate with the State to relocate the circuit and district courts to the Honokohau Village ✓ State Judiciary, PD TOD PUB -2.1c: Design and construct the relocated South Kona Police Station. The County is in the process of ✓ Police acquiring a site PUB -2.3a: Existing and proposed fire stations meet the level of service for the Urban Area. A new fire ✓ Fire station is needed in South Kona in the vicinity of the Ho'okena PUB -2.4a: Identify proposed lifeguard stations on the Official Public Facilities and Services Map I Fire, PD PUB -2.6a: Identify additional disaster shelters and critical facilities where deficient I ✓ I I State and County CD PUB -3.2a: Plan, design, and construct information center/activity center for the disabled and elderly OA 5-14 KONA CDP ACTION PLAIN CHAPTER 5 KONA CDP 5-15 ESTIMATED TIMELINE ACTION a = _ ; ; ; IMPLEMENTER(S) L N M U 7 O LL N M PUB -3.4c: Continue to implement curb ramp program for streets and sidewalks and parks and recreation \ ✓ DPW, PR program facilities PUB4.1a: Update, as necessary, DWS's master plan for Kona to support future growth in the TODs ✓ DWS Policy PUB4.2: South Kona Water System PUB -4.3d: Update the Kona water system master plan to incorporate agricultural water component ✓ DWS PUB -4.4b: Develop a sewer plan to service the Kahalu'u area ✓ DEM PUB -4.4c: Update the sewage master plan to service the entire Kona Urban Area with priority to the ✓ DEM TODs and the areas within approximately 1 mile of the shoreline PUB4.5a: Master plan the expansion of the Kealakehe Wastewater Treatment Plant ✓ DEM PUB4.5b: Master plan the development of a new wastewater treatment plant servicing north of Hina Lani ✓ DEM Street that considers the feasibility of natural treatments stems PUB -4.5c: Master plan a comprehensive wastewater reclamation system to maximize reuse ✓ DEM PUB -4.6a: Future wastewater reuse areas shall be identified on Figure 4-10c Official Public Facilities and ✓ DEM, PD Services Map -Waste Management PUB -5 -lb- Master plan concept and financing for new natural system wastewater treatment facility and ✓ DEM relocated transfer station/recycling station/recyclingcenter, obtain DLNR approval to use State land PUB -6.2a: Identify deficiencies to the parks stem described in Policy PUB -6.2 ✓ PR, PD PUB -6.2b: Establish a master plan for expansion and improvement of the Old Airport as a district park ✓ PR, PD PUB -6.2c: Begin the process to find a location and funding for the Kona Civic Auditorium. Invite public ✓ PR, PD input regarding design requirements and preferences PUB -6.2d: Prepare master plan for Kealakehe Regional Park ✓ PR, PD PUB -6.2e: Begin the process to find location, acquire site, prepare master plan and fund a South Kona ✓ PR, PD District Park(including integrated community services center PUB -7.1a: Use charrettes to the extent practicable in the design process of County facilities to involve the ✓ DPW, PD community, broaden the design input with multi -disciplinary expertise, and stimulate creativity PUB -7.1b: Update the community at milestones in the design process such as the end of the schematic, ✓ DPW, PD design development, and re -bid construction documents phases ROGRAMS PUB -2.1d: Support the addition of manpower for policing efforts ✓ Police PUB -2.2a: Support for the community policing program should continue ✓ Police PUB -2.2b: In villages, consider reinstating the bicycle patrols ✓ Police PUB -2.2c: Through a Business Improvement District or other organization, partner with downtown ✓ businesses to enhance security and orderliness KVID PUB -2.2d: Develop a public safety audit checklist and conduct neighborhood and downtown safety walks Police, KVBID, to identify potential crime spots or unsafe areas ✓ Neighborhood Watch Or anization PUB -2.5a: Identify motor vehicle related fatalities and injuries ✓ Police, DOT, DOH, traffic safety or anizations PUB -2.5b: Improve data collection, assessment, and dissemination of information ✓ Police, DOT, DOH, traffic safety organizations PUB -2.5c: Encourage an integrated planning and design process for improvements in roads, emergency ✓ Police, DOT, DOH, traffic medical services, and public transportation safety organizations PUB -3.1a: Coordinate with the County of Hawai'i Healthcare Crisis Plan ✓ Mayor's Office PUB -3.4a: Continue to work with the police department to assist in accessible parking enforcement ✓ Police PUB -3.4b: Offer educational programs to sensitize residents to the challenges of the blind, deaf, or wheel- ✓ One stop center chair bound persons PUB -4.3a: Develop policies and plans to provide water for agricultural use, and amend DWS's Rules ✓ DWS accordingly PUB -4.3b: Develop an irrigation best practices certification program ✓ SWCD PUB -4.3c: Develop an application form to facilitate verification of the agricultural dedication and irrigation ✓ DWS best practices certification PUB4.4a: Identify the violators and enforce the sewer hookup requirements ✓ DEM PUB4.7a: Hire a consultant to develop Stormwater Management Program and Guidelines, incentives, ✓ DPW and education/training program, such as LID PUB4.7b: Implement the education and training program; adopt and publicize the incentives; adopt and ✓ DPW enforce the Stormwater Management Guidelines KONA CDP 5-15 CHAPTER 5 ACTION PLAIN 5-16 KONA CDP ESTIMATED TIMELINE ACTIO w _ ; ; ; IMPLEMENTER(S) 7 N P7 LL PUB -5.1a: Find entrepreneur s for biofuel crop ✓ R&D PUB -6.3a: Establish in cooperation with the State DOE, joint use of school facilities for recreational and ✓ community use PR. DOE. PD Policy PUB -6.4 Environment as Public Realm and Classroom. See Actions ENV - 2.1 and CR - 1.1 e PUB -6.5a: Consider 1 % of public facilities construction budget to be allocated for public art at new County ✓ IC facilities Policy PUB -6.6: Important Role of Schools in Creating a Sense of Community ✓ PR, DOE, PD PUB -7.2a: Develop a maintenance level of service for parks and streetscapes to establish a baseline ✓ PR, DPW expectation PUB -7.2b: Encourage adopt -a -park and adopt -a -street civic participation to meet the level of service s PR, expectations ✓ community/neighborhood associations PUB -7.2c: Provide for upgrading and maintenance to the public facilities in critical need of attention ✓ PR, DPW PUB -7.2d: Increase outside lighting at public restrooms ✓ PR, DPW PUB -7.2e: Open existing public restrooms that are currently closed, and provide for more public ✓ PR, DPW restrooms in strategic locations PUB -7.2f: Initiate a process to establish a monthly, scheduled maintenance review of public restrooms in ✓ PR, DPW Kona PUB -7.3: Recruitment Incentives ✓ PUB -8.1a: The County should work with the community to establish One -Stop Community Resource Center ✓ R&D, community PUB -8.1b: Increase funding for the Healing Our Island Program ✓ R&D PUB -8.1c: Increase transportation options, especially small vans, in order to reduce rural isolation and ✓ R&D, MT increase access to programs, jobs and activities PUB -8.1d: Increase demand -response transportation through the use of small vans in order to increase ✓ R&D, MT accessibility to drug and alcohol treatment and programs PUB -8.1e: Increase the number of thera eutic living programs and facilities ✓ R&D, MT, OA PUB -8.1f: Develop a detox program in Kona ✓ community/non-profit PUB -8-1g: Establish a youth intake center to provide more immediate intervention for youth in Kona ✓ community/non-profit PUB-8.1h:Expand partnerships among substance abuse treatment providers and improve coordination ✓ community/non-profit and integration of services PUB -8.2a: Provide demand -response transportation (e.g. small vans) for the elderly, youth, and disabled ✓ R&D, MT PUB -8.2b: Expand partnerships among providers and improve coordination and integration of services for community/non-profit, OA residents with disabilities orspecial needs PUB -8.2c: The County should provide a new homeless shelter and an opportunity for transitional living to ✓ OA low income rental housing STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS Policy PUB -1.1: Official Public Facilities and Services Ma PUB -2.2e: Incorporate in the Village Design Guidelines crime prevention through environmental design ✓ PD principles PUB -3.3: Preventive Health through Walkable Communities Incorporated in Village Desi n Guidelines PUB -4.1b: Amend DWS Rules as necessary to support the Kona CDP land use policies ✓ DWS Policy PUB -6.1: Gathering Places Incorporated in Village Desi n Guidelines Policy PUB -6.2: Neighborhood park dedication requirements SECTION 4.7 ENERGY PROJECTS ENGY-1.4b: Install photovoltaic systems to power dee well pumps for the County Kona wells ✓ DWS ENGY-1 Ac: Pilot installations of power generating -pressure reducing valves in Kona are in progress ✓ DWS ENGY-1.7: County Lead by Example ✓ County Departments PROGRAMS ENGY-1.1a: Provide a standard logo label to stick onto the title page of building plans to alert the Kona ✓ 1permittinq a encies to expedite processing PD, DPW -BD Policy ENGY-1.2: Energy Saving Renovation for Existing Residences ✓ I Kona non-profit 5-16 KONA CDP ACTION PLAIN CHAPTER Jc- KONA CDP 5-1,7 ESTIMATED TIMELINE a = 0 'o 0 o d IMPLEMENTER(S) > L C N > > M U 7 LL N P7 ENGY-1.3a: Work with lenders to publicize available mortgage programs ✓ Credit Unions and other lenders ENGY-1 Aa: Finance a leak detection program for the County Kona waters stems ✓ DWS Policy ENGY-1.5: Distributed energy and Other Innovative Technology Support ✓I I I JHELCO Policy ENGY-1.6: Alternative Fuel for Keahole Power Plant ✓I I I JHELCO SECTION 4.8 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OGRAMS ECON-1.1a: Develop RFP for new hospital, negotiate with candidates, and select new site ✓ DOH, PD, private ECON-1.1b: Develop medical center TOD master plan and rezone as Regional Center TOD ✓ DOH, PD, private ECON-1.2a: Develop TOD master plan with the civic center as the heart of the town center and rezone as ✓ Commercial TOD DPW, PD ECON-1.3a: Encourage DBEDT and NELHA BOD to reevaluate and publicly articulate NELHA's short- ✓ DBEDT, NELHA and long-term business plan ECON-1.3b: Develop a master plan for the commercial development of the mauka area of NELHA and ✓ DBEDT, NELHA obtain entitlements ECON-1.3c: Design and construct the frontage road to complement and implement the commercial ✓ NELHA, private, DPW master plan ECON-1.4a: Work with the State, University System, and the community to finalize decisions regarding ✓ UH, private the mission and size of the new university at West Hawai'i ECON-1 Ab: Develop a master plan and program funds for the design and constructions of the campus ✓ UH, private ECON-1 Ac: Develop the TOD master plan for the surrounding areas of the university in coordination with ✓ UH, private the adjoining Palamanui Project ECON-1.4d: Formalize the relationship between the Hawaii Community College and the Design Center, ✓ UH, NELHA, DC NELHA, and the healthcare industry Policy ECON-1.5: Food Industry Catalysts ✓ DOA, UH, PD, community Policy ECON-1.6: Conservation as a viable business option private, government Policy ECON-1.7: Redevelopment as economic stimuli ✓ PD, KVID ECON -1.8a: Establish a pool of expertise and information on the eco -industrial park concept ✓ R&D ECON -1.8b: Establish a reuse center to refurbish and sell used appliances and materials ✓ OHCD, Catholic Social Ministries ECON -1.8c: Establish a community recognition program for green businesses ✓ COC ECON-2-1a: The County will work with Kona's Agricultural Community to make recommendations for ✓ R&D, DOA, community priorities ECON-2.1b: Create and adopt a County Agricultural Tourism program/policy R&D, DOA, communi ECON-2.1c: In partnership with the agricultural community in Kona, the County will establish a "Local ✓ R&D, DOA, community Grown" program foragricultural products STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS Policy ECON-1.1: Establishes Medical Center Floating Zone ✓ Policy ECON-1.8: Establishes Eco -Industrial Park Floating Zone ✓ KONA CDP 5-1,7 MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS AND PROGRESS CHAPTER 6 6. MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS AND PROGRESS An "indicator" is something that helps you understand where you are, which way you are going, and how far you are from where you want to be. The Kona CDP Community Indicators will serve as an annual information resource to provide a snapshot of current community conditions and trends based on selected quantitative data gathered from a variety of sources. The indicators were selected based on the following factors: ■ They are relevant. They tell us something basic and fundamental to the long term cultural, environmental, economic or social health of our community. ■ They reflect community values. The crucial role of an indicator is to reflect the community's values that resonate with the citizens of Kona. ■ They are attractive to local media. The press publicizes them and uses them to analyze community trends and the implementation plan. ■ They are statistically measurable. Data exist or can be developed that is relevant to our geographic area. ■ They are reliable. You must be able to trust what the indicator shows and preferably indicators can be measured over time so that you have comparable data and can track trends. The report card will be published annually based on trends: + Good trend or progress No change or holding steady - Bad trend or no action General Demographic Indicators a "Snapshot" of who The first are general trend indicators which will give us a demographic snapshot of our community. Indicator: Population growth trend for North Kona, South Kona, and relative to the County ■ Data source: U.S. Census Bureau 2. Indicator: Ratio of full time residents to part time residents ■ Data source: State Department of Taxation 3. Indicator: Ethnic diversity ■ Data source: U.S. Census Bureau and County Research & Development. Indicator: Median household income ■ Data source: U.S. Census Bureau and County Research & Development KONA CDP 6-1 CHAPTER 6 MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS AND PROGRESS The following indicators are organized to reflect the eight (8) Guiding Principles identified by the citizens of Kona throughout the planning process. Guiding Principle 1. Protect Kona's natural resources and culture. Natural Resources Indicators: Areas of natural and cultural significance protected. 1. Indicator: Number of acres of federal, state, county, and privately -owned open space that are permanently protected for conservation. ■ Data source: State Department of Land & Natural Resources Land Division and Land Use Commission, State Department of Business, Economic Development, & Tourism, and County Planning Department 2. Indicator: 80% of Kona's residents have access to public Open Space within walking distance from their homes. ■ Data source: County Open Space Network Program Water quality monitoring guidelines are met or exceeded for Kona's nearshore waters. 1. Indicator: Measurement of nearshore water quality for fecal coliform, nutrients and coral reef health ■ Data source: County Water Quality Monitoring Program, Department of Health Clean Water Branch 2. Indicator: Number of anchialine ponds inventoried and protected. ■ Data source: County Planning Department, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers Agricultural lands are maintained. 1. Indicator: Acreage of Kona land zoned farmland. ■ Data source: Initiate GIS layer for ag use based on property tax and inventory system for permanent open space. State Department of Land & Natural Resources Land Division, State Department of Business, Economic Development, & Tourism, and County Planning Department, County Real Property Tax & Assessment Office 2. Indicator: Number of Kona farmers markets and average number of agricultural vendors. ■ Data source: Kona Farm Bureau New building is energy efficient. 1. Indicator: Annual number of EnergyStar, LEED or Hawaii BuiltGreen certified buildings. ■ Data source: Hawaii Electric and Light Company, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Energy, Building Industry Association of Hawaii (Hawai`i BuiltGreen), State Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism 2. Indicator: Number of existing homes retrofitted with solar heating. ■ Data source: Hawaii Electric and Light Company 6-2 KONA CDP MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS AND PROGRESS Recycling is maximized and solid waste is decreased. 1. Indicator: Measurement of solid waste generation per capita ■ Data source: County Department of Environmental Management 2. Indicator: Measurement of pounds recycled per capita ■ . Data source: County Department of Environmental Management Cultural Resources Indicators: CHAPTER 6 Cultural resources and historic trails are mapped and protected. 1. Indicator: Number of archeological sites and number of linear miles of historic trails mapped and protected. ■ Data source: State Historic Preservation Division, County Kona Cultural Resources Committee 2. Indicator: Number of cultural resources, including sites and trails protected by management plans/easements or other tools. ■ Data source: County Open Space Network, County Planning Department, State Historic Preservation Division, and County Kona Cultural Resources Committee 3. Indicator: Number of people enrolled in Hawaiian language classes ■ Data source: DOE & Kamehameha Schools Guiding Principle 2. Provide connectivity and transportation choices. Traffic congestion is decreased on major thoroughfares due to the creation of alternative routes and methods of transportation. 1. Indicator: Number of linear miles of new roadways. ■ Data source: County Planning Department and Data Management, Required Concurrency Roads (Table 4-1 and Figure 4-3) or Kona CDP Implementation Committee, State Department of Transportation 2. Indicator: Number of shared -use paths and bike routes. ■ Data source: County Planning Department and Data Management, Required Concurrency Roads (Table 4-1 and Figure 4-3) or Kona CDP Implementation Committee, State Department of Transportation 3. Indicator: Number of people riding the bus per day. ■ Data source: County Mass Transit Agency 4. Indicator: Number of Public Transit "Stations" and sheltered stops. ■ Data source: County Mass Transit Agency KONA CDP 6-3 MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS CHAPTER 6 AND PROGRESS Guiding Principle 3. Provide housing choices. There are a range of housing options available for Kona residents. 1. Indicator: Residents live within 30 minutes drive time from employment. ■ Data source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Research & Development 2. Indicator: Housing costs are no more than 30% of annual household income. ■ Data source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Research & Development 3. Indicator: Number of new affordable housing units built. ■ Data source: County Housing and Community Development, Public Housing Authority, Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation Housing assistance is provided to our most vulnerable citizens; the elderly, disabled and homeless. 1. Indicator: Number of units directed to homeless, senior and disabled residents. ■ Data source: County Housing and Community Development, Hawaii Public Housing Authority, Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation Guiding Principle 4. Provide recreation opportunities. A range of recreational opportunities are available to residents of Kona to foster a healthy lifestyle. 1. Indicator: The Number of regional, district, community and neighborhood parks established as outlined in the plan. ■ Data source: County Department of Parks & Recreation, County Department of Public Works, State Department of Land & Natural Resources State Parks Division, State Department of Land & Natural Resources Forestry & Wildlife Division, National Park Service 2. Indicator: Number of cultural and environmental festivals, programs, and community-based, volunteer projects. ■ Data source: County Department of Research & Development, State Department of Business, Economic Development, & Tourism, State Department of Agriculture, and Kona Farm Bureau 3. Indicator: Number of Hales or "gathering places" available for public use. ■ Data source: County Department of Parks & Recreation 4. Indicator: Number of cultural sites open to the public. ■ Data source: County Department of Parks & Recreation, County Open Space Network Program, State Department of Land & Natural Resources, National Park Service 6-4 KONA CDP MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS AND PROGRESS CHAPTER 6 Guiding Principle 5. Direct future growth patterns. Growth is directed to mixed-use compact villages. 1. Indicator: Number of land -use proposals that meet Village Project District Standards. ■ Data source: County Planning Department (Design Center) 2. Indicator: Number of new development projects that voluntarily adopt the plan guidelines. ■ Data source: County Planning Department (Design Center) 3. Indicator: Number of land use approvals that meet Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines. ■ Data source: County Planning Department (Design Center) 4. Indicator: Number of approvals of "infill developments" connected to existing communities. ■ Data source: County Planning Department (Design Center) Guiding Principle 6. Provide infrastructure and essential facilities concurrent with growth. 1. Indicator: Number of sites selected for new public facilities. ■ Data source: County Department of Public Works, County Department of Parks & Recreation, County Department of Planning 2. Indicator: Recommended minimum standards for public services, fire and police are met. ■ Data source: County Mayor's Office, County Fire Department, County Police Department Guiding Principle 7. Encourage a diverse and vibrant economy. The agricultural character of Kona is maintained. 1. Indicator: GE Taxes paid on local agriculture production. ■ Data source: State Department of Agriculture Sustainable Industries Indicators 1. Indicator: Number of local businesses able to pay a living wage (FTE median income) ■ Data source: State Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, County Research and Development Indicator: Number of locally owned and operated businesses. ■ Data source: State Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism KONA CDP 6-5 MONITORING EFFECTIVENESS CHAPTER 6 AND PROGRESS Guiding Principle 8. Promote effective governance Kona has the local authority to guide implementation of the plan and its components (i.e. Design Center, Kona Cultural Resources Committee, Kona Housing Non -Profit, Kona Housing Trust Fund, etc.). 1. Indicator: Implementation of Policies and Actions included in the Kona CDP Implementation Matrix on schedule. ■ Data source: County Planning Department and Kona CDP Implementation Committee 6-6 KONA CDP GLOSSARY 7. GLOSSARY CHAPTER 7 Brownfield — Land previously used for industrial purposes or certain commercial uses that may be contaminated by low concentrations of hazardous waste or pollution and has the potential to be reused once it is cleaned up. Commercial Village — A village intended for mixed use, higher density residential, retail, commercial, employment, and/or regional one -of -a -kind facilities such as major civic, medical, education, and entertainment facilities. Density — The ratio of the dwelling units to the gross land area in which they are located. Density Transfer — The transfer of allowable dwelling units from one parcel of land to another, in exchange for open space. Development Agreement — A written agreement for specified periods of time between the County, any governmental entity or agency made a party thereto, and any person having a legal or equitable interest in real property for the purpose of vesting the right to develop such property in accordance with laws, ordinances, resolutions, rules, and policies of any governmental entity or agency made party to the agreement in effect at the time such agreement is executed, and for the purpose of delineating development requirements that may include, but are not limited to, affordable housing, design standards, water allocations, dedications of real or personal property, on-site and off-site infrastructure and other development related improvements and government services, which shall be approved by resolution of the County Council and executed by the Mayor on behalf of the County. Environmental Assessment (EA) and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) — An informational document prepared in compliance with Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised Statutes, that discloses the environmental and social impacts of a proposed action on the community and state, measures proposed to minimize adverse effects, and provides alternatives to the action. Extensive Agriculture — LUPAG designation for lands not classified as Important Agricultural Land. Includes lands that are not capable of producing sustained, high agricultural yields without the intensive application of modern farming methods and technologies due to certain physical constraints such as soil composition, slope, machine billability and climate. Other, less intensive, agricultural uses such as grazing and pasture may be included in the Extensive Agriculture category. Flood Corridors — Includes FEMA's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) 100 -year floodplains and planned flow ways. Flow Way — Proposed man-made drainage or designated channels. KONA CDP 7-1 CHAPTER 7 GLOSSARY Goal — A goal is a desired outcome expressed in simple terms. It should describe the desired end state. Greenbelt or Greenway — Areas of largely undeveloped, wild, agricultural land surrounding or neighboring urban areas. Greenfield — An area that is undeveloped or used for agriculture. Refers only to undeveloped areas within the Kona Urban Area not within a TOD, TND or infill. Important Agricultural Lands — LUPAG designation for lands with better potential for sustained high agricultural yields because of soil type, climate, topography, or other factors. Important agricultural lands were determined by including the following lands: ■ Lands identified as "Intensive Agriculture" on the 1989 General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Maps. ■ Lands identified in the Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) classification system as "Prime" or "Unique." ■ Lands classified by the Land Study Bureau's Soil Survey Report as Class B "Good" soils. There are no Class A lands on the Island of Hawaii. ■ Lands classified as at least "fair" for two or more crops, on an irrigated basis, by the U.S. D.A. Natural Resource Conservation Service's study for suitability for various crops. ■ In North and South Kona, the "coffee belt," a continuous band defined by elevation, according to input from farmers. ■ State agricultural parks. Infill —Land development of unused or underutilized lands within or directly adjacent to existing development or development patterns within the Kona Urban Area. Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) — The County of Hawaii General Plan LUPAG Map indicates the general location of various land uses in relation to each other. Makai — towards the sea. Mauka — inland, upland, towards the mountain. Mixed Use — A land use pattern that integrates compatible residential, commercial, and industrial, office, institutional, or other land uses. Neighborhood Village — A village intended for residential, public/civic uses, or small scale neighborhood oriented commercial uses. The commercial uses are of a small scale and are intended to serve the needs of the village residents. Objective — An objective is a desired endpoint that leads toward accomplishing a goal. 7-2 KONA CDP GLOSSARY CHAPTER 7 Open Space — Undeveloped land or water body which is free of structures and equipment, except for those incidental to the land's open space uses. Open space may include the following: flood protection, creating a sense of special separation fro incompatible land uses, areas for agricultural operations, passive recreation, active recreation, conservation uses, or historical site preservation. Pedestrian Way —A public right-of-way through a block between lots for pedestrian traffic, which may also be used as a utility easement, and which has a maximum width of twenty feet. Public Access, Open Space, and Natural Resources Preservation Commission — The Commission will be made up of nine members who are appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the Council. The purpose of the Commission is to develop an island -wide prioritized list of qualifying lands worthy of preservation. The Commission will explore methods of funding land acquisition and make recommendations and will emphasize land acquisitions where the County's contribution can be leveraged to obtain State, Federal and/or private funds. Rural Area — Areas outside of the Kona Urban Area. Secondary Area — The area extending approximately'/ mile from the outer edger of the village core of the TOD. Lower density housing and other auto -oriented uses are located here. The secondary areas take advantage of the services within the core area through an interconnected street system with easy access to transit by foot, bike, or car. Secondary areas will be primarily comprised of standard single- family and multi -family neighborhoods. Traditional Neighborhood District Floating Zone (TND) — A new type of Project District for areas zoned agriculture within the Kona Urban Area. Transit Oriented Development Floating Zone (TOD) — Mixed use developments located at strategic points along a regional transit system. TODs consist of moderate and high density housing, along with complementing public uses, jobs, retail and services. Urban Area — The Kona Urban Area spans from the Kona International Airport to Keauhou. The majority of future growth shall be directed within this area. Village Core — A concentration of development within a neighborhood that includes identified residential, retail, office, public spaces, and public/civic uses. The village core includes the'/ mile area from a transit station. KONA CDP 7-3 CHAPTER 7 This page intentionally left blank. GLOSSARY 74 KONA CDP REFERENCES CHAPTER 8 &REFERENCES ACP -Visioning & Planning Ltd. and The Environmental Simulation Center. Public Involvement Summary: Process and Results. November 23, 2006 Allen, William. "Restoring Hawaii's Dry Forests." Bioscience, Dec. 2000, Volume 50. Number. 12. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. Fifth Edition, 2004. Bauer, Glenn. A Study of the Ground -Water Conditions in North and South Kona and South Kohala Districts 1991-2002. September 2003. County of Hawaii. 2006 County of Hawaii Databook. 2007. County of Hawaii Planning Department. County of Hawaii General Plan. February 2005. County of Hawaii Planning Department. Keahole to Honaunau Regional Circulation Plan: County Action Plan. August 14, 2006. County of Hawaii Agriculture: Livestock" www.hawaii-county.com/bigislandag/livestock.htm1. 1997. Davies, Michael, Claire Gagne, Zenke Hausfather and Dawn Lippert. Analysis and Recommendations for the Hawaii County Energy Sustainability Plan. Prepared for the Hawaii County Council. October 3, 2007. Ellis, William. Journal of William Ellis. Advertiser Publishing Co., Ltd, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1963. Green, Linda Wedel. A Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites on the West Coast of Hawaii Island. U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Denver Service Center. September 1993. http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/kona/history.htm Hawaii Business Directory 2006, Directories USA, Omaha, NE. James, Sarah and Torbjrn Lahti. The Natural Step for Communities: How Cities and Towns Can Change to Sustainable Practices. 2004. Johnson, Jeremiah, Dan Leistra, Jules Opton-Himmel, and Masom Smith. Hawaii County Baseline Energy Analysis. May 10, 2006. Kamakau, Samuel M. Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii (Revised Edition). The Kamehameha Schools Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1961. KONA CDP 8.1 CHAPTER 8 REFERENCES Kelley, Jack. "Shifting Paradigms for West Hawaii" Hawaii Island Journal, Dec. 4, 2004 www.hawaiisaland'ournal.com/2004/12bO4b.html Kona Historical Society's Kona Historic Ranch and Store. Kona (Hawaii) Historical Society — Kona Historic Ranch and Greenwell Store. Undated. Leakey, Roger, "Agroforestry: Tree -based Polycultures," www.agroforestry.net/events/afwkshp2006/virtualwkshps.html#Anchor-Agenda-11481) Leone, Diana. "Native Bat Forces Review of Timber Harvesting," Honolulu Star Bulletin, Dec. 12, 2002 Maly, Kepa. Malama Pono I Ka `Aina — An Overview of the Hawaiian Cultural Landscape. 2001. Oki, Delywn. Geohydrology and numerical simulation of the ground -water flow system of Kona, Island of Hawaii. U.S. Geological Survey Water -Resources Investigations Report 99-4073. U.S. Geological Survey, Honolulu, HI. 1999. Personal Communication. Chief Lawrence Mahuna, County Police Department, December 17, 2007. Personal Communication. Ruby McDonald, State Office of Hawaiian Affairs. April 28, 2008. Reinecke, J.E. Survey of Sites on West Hawaii. File Manuscript, Department of Anthropology, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii. 1930. Smart Growth Network. Getting to Smart Growth: 100 Policies for Implementation, http://smartgrowth.org. State of Hawaii, Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism, Office of Planning. Hawaii Statewide GIS Program. http://hawaii.,qovldbedVgisl State of Hawaii, Department of Health. Guidelines for the Treatment and Use of Recycle Water. May 15, 2002. State of Hawaii, Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Task Force. Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan. January 2008. University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTHAR). "Characteristics of Hawaii's Retail Forest Industry in 200 1, " Economic Issues, Feb 2006. University of Hawaii, Department of Geography. Atlas of Hawaii. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. Third Edition 1998. U.S. Census Bureau, Hawaii Census 2000. http://www.census.gov 8-2 KONA CDP REFERENCES CHAPTER 8 Zelinka, A. and D. Brennan, Safescape: Creating Safer, More Livable Communities Through Planning and Design. Chicago: Planners Press, American Planning Association, 2001. KONA CDP 83 ATTACHMENT A Official Map Metadata Metadata for Official Maps Kona CDP Some of the GIS layers appear on several of the Official Maps. Usually, a layer is "official" on only one of the Official Maps, and informational on other maps. To distinguish its status, the following table indicates on which map the layer is a "Policy Layer" (i.e., official) and which map the layer is just informational. ■ Policy Layer: Official information on the map that require an amendment to the plan to add, delete, or relocate records. Changes that improve the accuracy of the information are considered "updates" rather then amendments. ■ Information Layer: Background information that automatically update with any changes to the Policy Layers, or otherwise do not need a plan amendment to change the information. Layer Official Maps Transportation Network Concurrency Land Use Public Facilities and Services Proposed Roads Policy Policy Information Major Transit Line Policy Information Information Transit Stops/Stations/Hub Policy Information Pedestrian -Bike Paths Policy Urban Area, Rural Town TODs Information Information Policy Information TOD Type Information Information Policy Concurrency Zone Policy Public Facilities (separate layers by facility) Policy Financing Districts Policy Existing Roads (Street Centerline Information Information Information Information Parcels Information Information Information Information Layer Name: Proposed Roads Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Transportation Network Map and the Kona CDP Official Concurrency Map. This layer identifies major future roads proposed in the General Plan or Kona CDP process. Major roads include arterials, major collectors, minor collectors, and other important connectors. The purposes to identify these future corridors are: 1) to preserve the corridor by incorporating the right-of-way in applicable permit approvals; 2) to provide notice to potentially affected owners; and 3) to plan these improvements, as appropriate, in the capital improvements program. This layer is specific to the Kona CDP and not Countywide. File Name: Proposed Roads Layer Type: Polyline Source: The General Plan polylines were copied from the County of Hawaii Planning Department's General Plan roads shapefile. The polylines for the Kona CDP roads were generally drawn connecting two points following background information (e.g., proposed developer's site plans) where available. Attributes: FID Internal software number Name Name of the road Source Whether the road is proposed from the General Plan (GP) or Kona Community Development Plan (CDP) Concurrency Area Identifies the concurrency zone in which the road is located for the Official Concurrency Map ID -1 Roadway segment identification number Class Roadway classification: Arterial Collector, major Collector, minor Connector, unclassified Status Status of the proposed roadway: A — Conceptual: The alignment is conceptual, just connecting two endpoints. For planning purposes, a study corridor of at least four times the right-of-way width is recommended within which to locate the actual alignment. B — Preliminary: Preliminary engineering and environmental surveys have been conducted (or are in process) to more definitively set the alignment. For planning purposes, a study corridor of at least two times the right-of-way width is recommended within which to locate the actual alignment. C — Final: Construction plans have been completed (or are in process) and the right-of-way has been subdivided or legally defined by metes and bounds (or is in the process of subdivision approval). Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Transit Line Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Transportation Network Map. This layer identifies major transit (bus) routes, proposed or existing. Major transit routes include trunk routes (the highest headways in the region) and secondary routes (connects major destinations but the headways may not be as high as trunk routes). The layer does not include feeder or commuter routes, although in the future all routes could be added. The purposes to identify these major transit routes are: 1) to integrate transportation and land use planning; 2) to factor transit service in prioritizing future roads; and 3) to plan and budget for the capital and operational resources to expand the transit system. This layer is specific to the Kona CDP and not Countywide, although it could be the basis for a Countywide transit routes database. File Name: Proposed Transit Lines Layer Type: Polylines Source: The polylines for the designated transit routes were either "traced" from the County of Hawaii street centerline shapefile (for existing roads) or the Proposed Roads shapefile. As changes are made to the alignments of the Proposed Roads, the transit routes should be updated to "trace" the modified alignment. Attributes: FID Internal software number Type Trunk or Secondary Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department, County of Hawaii Mass Transit Agency. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 Layer Name: Transit Stops/Stations/Hub Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Transportation Network Map. This layer identifies major transit stops (pullout with shelter), stations (building), or hub (station that serves as central transfer point among routes that intersect at the hub). The layer only identifies those stations/stops/hub along the trunk or secondary routes; it does not include stops along feeder or commuter routes, although in the future all stops could be added. The purposes to identify these major transit stops/stations/hub are: 1) to integrate transportation and land use planning, especially in the planning of walkable villages that center the perished on a transit stop/station; and 2) to plan and budget for the capital and operational resources to build and maintain these facilities. This layer is specific to the Kona CDP and not Countywide, although it could be the basis for a Countywide transit routes database. File Name: Transit Stops—Stations—Hubs Layer Type: Point Source: The location of the points were based on the approximate locations of the TOD villages. These points will need to be updated as the actual type and locations of these transit facilities are determined. Attributes FID Type Location Route Status Responsible agency to update Internal software number Hub, Station, or Stop; Baseyard TOD or other descriptive location Trunk or Secondary Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) County of Hawaii Planning Department, County of Hawaii Mass Transit Agency. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Pedestrian -Bike Paths Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Transportation Network Map. This layer identifies the bike and pedestrian network. It is intended to be updated as part of the Kona Open Space Network Program that will create a comprehensive hubs (destination areas) and links system. The purposes to identify these bike and pedestrian facilities as part of the overall transportation network system are: 1) to ensure the planning of new roads incorporate the appropriate type of bike and pedestrian facilities; 2) to facilitate the retrofitting of existing roads when the roads are repaved or otherwise improved; and 3) to plan these improvements, as appropriate, in the capital improvements program in terms of a network system rather than piecemeal. This layer is designed to serve as the Countywide database for bike and pedestrian facilities. File Name: Pedestrian Bike Paths Layer Type: Polyline Source: Kona CDP: The planning data was primarily based on input from PATH which modified the Bike Plan Hawaii (State of Hawaii, September 2003). Lines were digitized by the County of Hawaii Planning Department by using the "tracing" or "copy parallel lines" on the COH centerline feature or the Na Ala Hele trails feature. Where centerlines or trails features were absent, lines followed background USGS or flood hazard features. The location of the lines are conceptual. For example, some of the lines may fall outside of the right-of-way where, in fact, the actual facility is meant to be constructed within the right-of-way. The width between the lines were set arbitrarily at 30' from either side of the centerline. Attributes: FID Internal software number Name Name of the street or trail. If no name, the default is "Connector". Type Shoulder: Open section streets where stabilized shoulder is designed for non-exclusive use by bicycles and legal mopeds. Intersections have dedicated bicycle space marked. Shared: Streets shared by vehicles and bicycles (no bike lane striping) where lane is wide enough or route is signed. Lane: Bike lane for exclusive use of bicycles and legal mopeds. No motor scooters or motorcycles. No parking. Path: Multi -use path for pedestrians and bicyclists. Special path for steep topography labeled as Path -s (switchback). Ped -x: Routes for exclusive use by pedestrians. 'Y'= SW (sidewalk) or T (trail) Jurisdiction Ownership and maintenance by (S)tate, (C)ounty, (0)ther, or (U)ndetermined Cost Class Bike Plan Hawaii classification to distinguish magnitude orders of funding required. Cost Estimate Cost estimate Priority Level Priority established by Bike Plan Hawaii or to be determined by the Kona Open Space Network Program or other CDP process Status Existing: Existing conditions are adequate. For trails, needs to be open to the public. If a trail physically exists but access rights or improvements needed, then considered "Proposed". Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Urban Area and Rural Towns Description: This layer Is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Land Use Map. This layer defines the geographical extent of the Urban Area and Rural Town TODs, as defined in the Kona CDP. This layer is specific to the Kona CDP and not Countywide. File Name: Urban—Rural Boundary Layer Type: Polygon Existing -repave: Street exists but shoulder stabilization and/or striping improvements need to be coordinated with future repaving. Existing -redevelopment: Street exists but substantial improvements needed (e.g., add sidewalk and curb). Existing -sign: Existing conditions adequate; just need signage. Proposed: Needs to be constructed or opened to the public. Underway: Under construction. Proposed in Bike Plan Hawaii, but may be duplicative, outdated, or otherwise unnecessary and should be evaluated through the Kona Open Space Network Program or other CDP process. Route No. Route identification number Length Miles CDP Name of CDP, if referenced in the CDP Source Hawaii Bike Plan (BP) PATH PATH>BP: PATH modified Bike Plan Hawaii NAH: Included in Na Ala Hele inventory Notes Miscellaneous comments ID Identification Number Official Yes (included as part of an Official Map); No (no official status) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Urban Area and Rural Towns Description: This layer Is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Land Use Map. This layer defines the geographical extent of the Urban Area and Rural Town TODs, as defined in the Kona CDP. This layer is specific to the Kona CDP and not Countywide. File Name: Urban—Rural Boundary Layer Type: Polygon Source: The Urban Area polygon "traces" the LUPAG boundaries for an area spanning from Kona International Airport to Keauhou, makai of Mamalahoa Highway, designated urban expansion, high density, medium density, low density, resort note, resort area, and industrial area. It excludes the area designated resort node in Kaupulehu and the medium and low density area in Holualoa. The Rural Town TODs polygon traces the LUPAG boundaries for medium and low density areas from Honalo to Captain Cook. Attributes: FID Internal software number Type Urban Area or Rural Town TODs Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 1. Layer Name: TOD Type Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Land Use Map. This layer approximately locates the TODs, as defined in the Kona CDP. File Name: TOD Type Layer Type: Polygon Source: The TOD polygons were created by "buffering" the Transit Hub/Station/Stop points at a radius distance of 0.5 mile at 0.25 mile intervals. This layer should be updated as each TOD is defined by metes and bounds through Project District rezoning approval. Attributes: FID TOD—Name Type Responsible agency to update Internal software number Name of the TOD Village Type of TOD: Regional Center or Neighborhood County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 7 Layer Name: Concurrency Zone Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Concurrency Map. This layer identifies the concurrency zones and works together with labeled road segments from the Proposed Roads layer that are subject to the concurrency requirements. An accompanying table relates the specific concurrency zones to the labeled road segments. Although concurrency requirements apply Countywide through the zoning code, this layer applies only to the Kona CDP planning area. File Name: Concurrency Zone Layer Type: Polygon Source: The extent of the polygons were developed through the CDP process based on judgements on the development area that would be served by particular road segments. The boundaries of the polygons "trace", where applicable, parcel boundaries or street centerlines. Attributes: FID Internal software number Concurrency Zone Concurrency Zone Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Lifeguard Station Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Lifeguard Stations Layer Type: Point Source: The Department of Parks and Recreation provided the initial data for existing lifeguard stations. The Fire Department, who took over the lifeguards from the Department of Parks and Recreation, will assess the need for lifeguard stations. This layer should be updated when the results of that study are available. Attributes: FID Facility_N District TMK Status Responsible agency to update: Internal software number Name of the facility Judicial district Tax Map Key Location Existing, Proposed County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Fire Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Fire Station Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Fire Station Layer Type: Point Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Attributes: i6111ps. Internal software number Station—Na Name of the facility District Judicial district TMK Tax Map Key Location No_of_Emp Number of employees Fire_Oper_ Fire operations EMS_Oper Emergency Medical Service Operations HAZMAT_Op Hazardous Material Operations Rescue_Ope Rescue operations Aero—Med— Aero Medical Operations Twenty—four 24 -Hours Type Full -Time or Volunteer Facility No—of—vol Number of Volunteers Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Fire Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 Layer Name: Police Station Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Layer Type Source: Attributes: Police Station Point County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Map Station—Na District TMK No_of_Man Comments Status Type Responsible agency to update: Internal software number Name of the facility Judicial district Tax Map Key Location Number of Manpower Miscellaneous comments Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) Station or Sub -Station County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Police Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 1. Layer Name: Hospital Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose 10 of this layer is to serve as a tool for healthcare planning and also land use planning since a hospital has the potential to serve as a catalyst for health-related businesses. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Hospital Layer Type: Point Source Attributes County of Hawaii Planning Department FID Facility—Na District TMK Acute beds Long—term_ Total beds Medical SU Critical—C Obstetric Pediatric Neonatal_I Psych Skilled Nu Intermed_ Snf icf Acute snf Status Responsible agency to update: Internal software number Name of the facility Judicial district Tax Map Key Location Long Term Care Total number of rooms Medical/Surgical Critical Care Obstetrician Care Pediatrician Psychiatric Care Skilled Nursing Intermediate Care Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 2. Layer Name: Emergency Shelters Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for emergency response planning. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Emergency Shelters Layer Type: Point Source: County of Hawaii Civil Defense, Multi -Hazard Mitigation Attributes: PI9n ID Facility District Location TMK Responsible agency to update: Internal software number Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Name of the facility Judicial district Street Address Tax Map Key Location County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Civil Defense Agency. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 3. Layer Name: Financing District Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to track the various types of financing districts as they are created by ordinance. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Financing District Layer Type: Polygon Source: County of Hawaii Planning Attributes: Dltartment Internal software number ID Unique record number DistNo Official District Number assigned by ordinance Date Formed Effective date of ordinance forming the district OrdEst Ordinance Number for ordinance establishing the district OrdEnd Ordinance Number for ordinance terminating the district Purpose Types of improvements and/or services authorized to be funded Status Active (still collecting assessments or taxes), Closed (paid up), Default Name Name of the district or subdivision 12 Type ID (improvement district), CFD (community facilities district), BID (business improvement district), TIF (tax increment financing district), RD (redevelopment district) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Financing Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: County Park Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Layer Type Source: Attributes: County Park Point County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Map Facility_N District TMK Total—Area Developed Facility_T Classification Status Responsible agency to update: Internal software number Name of the facility Judicial district Tax Map Key Location Total Area Developed Area Facility Type (Camping Site, Beach Park, Ballfields, Gym, Playground, Community Center, Courts) Regional, District, Community, Neighborhood, Beach, Facility (e.g., swimming pool), Passive Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) County of Hawaii Planning Department with Department of Parks and Recreation. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. 13 Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 Layer Name: Courthouse Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose of this layer is to coordinate services with the State. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Courthouse Layer Type: Point Source: County of Hawaii Planning Attributes: Dltartment Internal software number ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Name Name of the facility District Judicial district Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 Layer Name: Civic Center Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Civic Center Layer Type: Point 14 Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department Attributes: FID Internal software number ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Name Name of the facility District Judicial district Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: School Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool to coordinate land use planning with the State, especially since schools are a primary community asset and affect transportation planning. This layer includes public, private, charter, and university. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: School Layer Type: Point Source: County of Hawaii Planning Attributes: Dltartment Internal software number School—Nam Name of the facility District Judicial district University University Design_Enr Design Enrollment Grade—Level Grade levels SY_98_99_E School Year Enrollment TMK Tax Map Key Location Comments Miscellaneous Comments Enrollment Enrollment Count FTE—Enroll Full -Time Equivalent Enrollment Type Public, Private, Charter 15 Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Library Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose of this layer is to coordinate services with the State. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Library Layer Type: Point Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Maps Attributes: FID Internal software number Area Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Perimeter Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Library_ Arc ID (for Arc/Info use) Library—ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Facility—Nam Name of the facility District Judicial district TMK Tax Map Key Location Population Population Served Registered Registered Borrowers Size -of -Ma Size of Material Collection Circula Circulation Intra-Libr Intra Library Loans Library—PR Library Programs/Attendance Reserves_ Reserves/Holds Public S -- Comments Miscellaneous Comments Mobilecnt Size of Material Collection - Bookmobile Mobilecirc Circulation—Bookmobile Illt000ther ---- 16 Illfrmother ---- Avwkuse Usings During an Average Week Avwkrefqst Reference Questions in Average Week Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Priority Sewer Area Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to guide regulatory permit conditions as well as serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be specific to Kona. File Name: Priority Sewer Area Layer Type: Polygon Source: One mile zone from the shoreline determined by "buffering" using the shoreline of the County Planning Department's "Coastline" shapefile. Attributes: FID Internal software number ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Buff -Dist One -mile priority area Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with the Department of Environmental Management. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created Aril 2008 Layer Name: Wastewater Re -use Area Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. The primary purpose of this layer is to coordinate streetscape and other 17 landscaping planning as well as serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be specific to Kona. File Name: Wastewater Re -use Area Layer Type: Polygon Source: Polygon created by "tracing" the Mid -Level Road (Proposed Roads layer), Palani Road (street centerline layer), and parcel layer boundaries. Attributes: FID Internal software number ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 Layer Name: Wastewater Treatment Plants Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: WWTP Layer Type: Point Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Attributes: i6111ps Internal software number ID Arc Internal Number (for Arc/Info use) Treatment Level Advanced Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Type Lagoon, Mechanical Effluent Disposal Outfall, Injection Wells, Reuse Design Capacity in mgd Status Existing -A (adequate capacity), Existing -B (need expansion or replacement in next 10 yrs), Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with Department of Environmental Management. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 Layer Name: Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Description: This layer is a Policy Layer on the Kona CDP Official Public Facilities and Services Map. It is also one of the Facilities Map in the General Plan. The primary purpose of this layer is to serve as a tool for capital improvements programming. This layer is intended to be maintained as a Countywide database. File Name: Solid Waste Layer Type: Point Source: County of Hawaii Planning Department, General Plan Facilities Attributes: F111ps Internal software number Facility—Nam Name of the facility District Judicial district TMK Tax Map Key Location Comments: Miscellaneous Comments Parcel Siz Parcel Size in acres No—of—Chu Number of chutes Distance_T Distance to landfill Type Landfill, Transfer Station, Composting Facility, Sort Station Status Existing, Proposed -A (location confirmed), Proposed -B (location in vicinity) Responsible agency to update: County of Hawaii Planning Department with Department of Environmental Management. Modifications after the adoption of the Kona CDP will be tracked in the following table. Update vs. Amendment Date Description of Modification Created April 2008 19 ATTACHMENT B Village Design Guidelines ATTACHMENT B VILLAGE DESIGN GUIDELINES ARTICLE 1. GENERAL............................................................................................................. 2 1.1. AUTHORITY...................................................................................................................2 1.2. INTERPRETATION........................................................................................................ 2 1.3. INTENT........................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. WARRANTS AND VARIANCES..................................................................................... 4 ARTICLE2. PROCESS............................................................................................................. 4 2.1. APPLICABILITY..............................................................................................................4 2.2. ORGANIZATION OF THE CODE................................................................................... 5 ARTICLE 3. VILLAGE SCALE PLANS -NEW VILLAGES....................................................... 9 3.1. INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................................. 9 3.2. VILLAGE UNIT TYPES..................................................................................................10 3.3. TRANSECT ZONES......................................................................................................11 3.4. CIVIC ZONES................................................................................................................11 3.5. SPECIAL DISTRICTS....................................................................................................12 3.6. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR STANDARDS..........................................................12 3.7. DENSITY CALCULATIONS...........................................................................................14 3.8. MANDATORY AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS.........................................................15 ARTICLE 4. VILLAGE SCALE PLANS-- INFILL......................................................................17 4.1. MINIMUM AREA REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................17 4.2. VILLAGE UNIT TYPES..................................................................................................17 4.3. TRANSECT ZONES......................................................................................................17 4.4. CIVIC ZONES................................................................................................................18 4.5. SPECIAL DISTRICTS....................................................................................................18 4.6. MANDATORY AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS.........................................................18 4.7. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO REDEVELOPMENT PLANS (PRE- EXISTING CONDITIONS)......................................................................................................19 ARTICLE 5. BUILDING SCALE PLANS..................................................................................20 5.1. INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................................20 5.2. BUILDING DISPOSITION..............................................................................................21 5.3. BUILDING CONFIGURATION.......................................................................................21 5.4. BUILDING CONFIGURATION.......................................................................................22 5.5. BUILDING FUNCTION..................................................................................................23 5.6. PARKING AND DENSITY CALCULATIONS.................................................................24 5.7. PARKING LOCATION STANDARDS............................................................................25 5.8. LANDSCAPE STANDARDS..........................................................................................26 ARTICLE 6. STANDARDS AND TABLES...............................................................................26 ARTICLE 7. DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................................27 ARTICLE 1. GENERAL 1.1. AUTHORITY 1.1.1. These guidelines were adopted as one of the instruments of implementation of the Kona Community Development Plan (KCDP) to provide standards of development for Traditional Neighborhood Design (TND) and Transit -Oriented Design (TOD) villages. This is a form -based code, meaning it envisions and encourages a certain physical outcome at the community, BLOCK, or building level. This form is compact, walkable, and mixed-use, and is meant to be comfortable, safe, and ecologically sustainable. 1.1.2. The basis of these guidelines is the SmartCode version 9.0 published by the New Urban Publications Inc. It has been "calibrated" to fit with the Kona CDP. The SmartCode embodies the state of knowledge of regulating design to result in compact walkable villages, and the intent is to take advantage of the collective knowledge of other jurisdictions who use the SmartCode as well as future updates by the authors of the SmartCode. 1.1.3. The Planning Director may amend these guidelines with approval by the Kona Implementation Committee to improve calibration of these guidelines to the local conditions and update with advances in the state of knowledge. 1.2. INTERPRETATION 1.2.1. Provisions of this Code are activated by "shall" when required; "should" when recommended; and "may" when optional. 1.2.2. Capitalized and underline terms used throughout this Code are defined in Article 7 Definitions of Terms. Those terms not defined in Article 7 shall be accorded their commonly accepted meanings. 1.3. INTENT The intent and purpose of these guidelines are to enable, encourage, and qualify the implementation of the following policies: 1.3.1. THE REGION a. That the region retain its natural and visual character derived from topography, coastlines, and other natural features. b. That growth strategies encourage infill and redevelopment in parity with new communities. c. That development contiguous to urban areas be structured in the pattern of infill TND and be integrated with the existing urban pattern. d. That development non-contiguous to urban areas be organized in the pattern of TND or RCD. e. That AFFORDABLE HOUSING should be distributed throughout the region to match job opportunities and to avoid concentrations of poverty. That transportation corridors be planned and reserved in coordination with land use. That green corridors be used to define and connect the urbanized areas. That the region include a framework of transit, pedestrian, and bicycle systems that provide alternatives to the automobile. 1.3.2. THE VILLAGE a. That Villages and REGIONAL CENTERS be compact, pedestrian -oriented and MIXED USE. b. That ordinary activities of daily living occur within walking distance of most dwellings, allowing independence to those who do not drive. c. That interconnected networks of transportation corridors be designed to disperse traffic and reduce the length of automobile trips. d. That within neighborhoods, a range of housing types and price levels be provided to accommodate diverse ages and incomes. e. That appropriate building DENSITIES and land uses be provided within walking distance of transit stops. f. That CIVIC, institutional, and COMMERCIAL activity impart a focused town center and gathering place. g. That schools could be sized and located to enable children to walk or bicycle to them. That a range of OPEN SPACE including parks, squares, and playgrounds should be distributed within neighborhoods and villages. That the growth of the village stays within a defined edge and thereby helps to establish a compact sense of place. 1.3.3. THE BLOCK AND THE BUILDING a. That buildings and landscaping contribute to the physical definition of transportation corridors as CIVIC places. b. That development adequately accommodate automobiles while respecting the pedestrian and the spatial form of public areas. c. That the design of streets and buildings reinforce safe environments, but not at the expense of accessibility. d. That architecture and landscape design grow from local climate, topography, building practice and fit with Kona's history and lifestyle. e. That buildings provide their inhabitants with a clear sense of geography and climate through energy efficient methods. f. That CIVIC BUILDINGS and public gathering places be provided as locations that reinforce community identity and support self-government. g. That CIVIC BUILDINGS be distinctive and appropriate to a role more important than the other buildings that constitute the fabric of the village. h. That the preservation and renewal of historic buildings be facilitated, to affirm the continuity and evolution of society. i. That the harmonious and orderly evolution of urban areas should be secured through form -based guidelines or codes. 1.4. WARRANTS AND VARIANCES 1.4.1. There shall be two types of deviation from the requirements of these guidelines: Warrants and Variances. Whether a deviation requires a WARRANT or VARIANCE shall be determined by the Planning Director. 1.4.2. A WARRANT is a ruling that would permit a practice that is not consistent with a specific provision of these guidelines but is justified by the provisions of Section 1.3 Intent. The Planning Director shall have the authority to approve or disapprove administratively a request for a WARRANT. 1.4.3. A VARIANCE is any ruling on a deviation other than a WARRANT. VARIANCES shall be granted only in accordance with the procedures for zoning code variances. 1.4.4. The request for a VARIANCE shall not subject the entire application to public notice, but only that portion necessary to rule on the specific issue requiring the relief. 1.4.5. The following standards and requirements shall not be available for WARRANTS or VARIANCES because they tend to seriously subvert the desired outcome of compact, walkable and diverse communities: a. The maximum dimensions of traffic lanes. (See Table 2A.) b. The required provision of REAR ALLEYS and REAR LANES. c. The minimum BASE RESIDENTIAL DENSITIES. (See Table 11b.) d. The permission to build ACCESSORY BUILDINGS. e. The minimum requirements for parking. (See Table 7.) ARTICLE 2. PROCESS 2.1. APPLICABILITY 2.1.1. Types of Applications. These guidelines apply to two levels of scale: a village plan for a Project District rezoning application for the entire TND/TOD meeting the requirements of Article 3; and a site plan for a subdivision or building permit approval within an approved TND/TOD meeting the requirements of Article 5 and Hawaii County Code section 25-6-46 (review and approval of Project District site plans). 2.1.2. Pre -Application. An applicant may discuss informally the intent of the proposed plan with the Design Center. No fees shall be collected for Pre -Application Conference, its purpose being to familiarize the Planning Department with the proposed Plan and the applicant with the development procedures in the KCDP planning area. The applicant should share sketch plans and data showing existing site conditions and the proposed layout and development of the plan. The purpose and intent of the Pre -Application Conference allows both parties to identify potential challenges, opportunities and items that need to be addressed. 2.1.3. Charette. Where desired or required to have multi -disciplinary input from various agencies and/or the public to formulate the community or building scale site plan, the Design Center may assist the applicant to organize this meeting(s). 2.2. ORGANIZATION OF THE CODE 2.2.1. Determine Scale of the Plan. For an applicant preparing a rezoning application for a Project District, go to Article 3 for guidelines to prepare a village scale plan. For an applicant desiring to build within an approved TOD or TND Project District, go to Article 5 to prepare a building scale plan to submit for subdivision or site plan approval. 2.2.2. Steps to Prepare a Village Scale Plan. The village scale plan is adopted by ordinance as part of the Project District rezoning, and thereby becomes a Regulating Plan. The Planning Director may administratively approve minor adjustments to the plan. Major changes must be adopted legislatively as an amendment to the rezoning ordinance. Determine the VILLAGE UNIT Types. There are two village unit types: a TND and a RCD. Either type may qualify as a TOD. A TOD has a transit station at its center and allows for a higher density. The Kona CDP Land Use Map determines the VILLAGE UNIT type as follows: Intended Growth Areas. Future growth is directed to the TOD villages along the main and secondary transit routes. The Land Use Map identifies TODs that are intended as neighborhood villages (TND/TOD) and regional centers (RCD/TOD). For guidelines relating to the TODs, go to Article 3. Infill Growth Areas. Most of the TODs are New Communities. However, the Land Use Map also identifies existing communities intended to be redeveloped—the Kailua Village Redevelopment TOD and the Rural Towns TODs. Additionally, smaller projects adjacent to existing development are encouraged—these types of New Communities are called Infill TNDs. For guidelines relating to INFILL Redevelopment or Infill New Communities, go to Article 4. iii. Controlled Growth Areas. Areas outside of the TODs identified on the Land Use Map but within the designated Urban Area may also be developed as TNDs. If this area is already urban -zoned (RS, RM, RD, CG, CV, CN, MCX), the applicant follows the PUD procedure to have the village scale plan approved. If the area requires rezoning, then the applicant follows the procedures for a Project District rezoning as set forth in the Kona CDP. If the project qualifies as an INFILL TND, then go to Article 4; otherwise, go to Article 3. iv. Open Areas. Village scale plans should identify open spaces when applicable. There are two types of open spaces: 1) Preserved Open Space. The Preserved Open Space consists of the Sensitive Resources identified on the Environmental Resources Map that are to be protected from development in perpetuity. 2) Reserved Open Space. The Reserved Open Space consists of the Greenbelt area surrounding TODs and TNDs established by transferring density (TDR). Allocate Transect Zones. TRANSECT ZONES (T -ZONES) organize the density, complexity, and intensity of the land use within the TND or RCD village. The operating principle is that there is an urban core with a main center focus such as a transit station and plaza. This urban core area, which is spatially defined based on walkable distances called PEDESTRIAN SHEDS, has the highest density, complexity, and intensity of uses. The land uses transition to less dense uses moving away from the center. Table 1 describes the TRANSECT ZONES. The TRANSECT ZONES that correspond to the urban core, secondary area, and greenbelt referred to in the Kona CDP are as follows: Urban Core 1) T-5 Urban Center 2) T-4 General Urban ii. Secondary Area: T-3 Suburban iii. Greenbelt: GB Greenbelt 2.2.3. Steps to Prepare a Building Scale Plan. An applicant would submit a preliminary plan, have that reviewed, then a final plan. The final plan would add landscaping details. a. Determine the Building Disposition (i.e., lot configuration and building placement relative to setbacks). Note that setbacks (Table 11 g and Table 11 h) are provided as ranges. They thus act as build -to lines, but with a degree of flexibility. In general, they become shallower as the TRANSECT ZONES become more urban. A zero lot line streetwall is often desirable in the most urban conditions, because it strongly defines the street space. However, these guidelines specify a 6 -foot minimum front setback in T4 so that private frontage can accommodate stoops, porches, private planters and gardens, sidewalk signs, outdoor seating, cafe tables, and other ENCROACHMENTS. The side setbacks in T4 and T5 are zero minimum to allow ROWHOUSES and TOWNHOUSES. Determine the Building CONFIGURATION (i.e., building form). The form of a building is determined by its height and type of PRIVATE FRONTAGE. The PRIVATE FRONTAGE occupies the front setback area or encroaches into the SIDEWALK area within the right-of-way. The range of depth of a LOT within which certain elements are permitted is called a LAYER (see Table 14). The design principle is to bring the buildings closer to the streets to create an inviting streetscape and put "eyes on the streets" to create a safer ambience. The maximum height of buildings should be proportional to the street width to avoid an enclosed "canyon" effect. c. Determine the Building Function. The permitted uses are flexible to encourage a mixing of uses horizontally (among buildings, lots, BLOCKS and vertically (within buildings). The range of uses become increasingly flexible from the T-3 to the T-5 Zones. The uses are grouped into the following categories: RESIDENTIAL, LODGING, OFFICE, RETAIL, CIVIC, and Other. The Other category includes certain types of uses that are discouraged within the TNDs or RCDs, such as automobile -dependent uses (e.g., automobile service, drive-through facilities, shopping centers), industrial uses, and agricultural uses. Calculate the Parking Requirements and Density Rights. The Buildable DENSITY is determined by the actual parking requirements. The parking requirements are determined by the Building FUNCTIONS and allows for shared parking among mixed Building FUNCTIONS. The provision for T5 that retail spaces under 1500 square feet are exempt from parking requirements is included as it encourages the kind of smaller independent shops that contribute to urban vitality. It also helps keep existing small -lot Main Street downtowns legal for rebuilding without the need for conjoining lots. And it maintains commercial sidewalks free of curb cuts for off-street parking. Once the parking requirements are calculated, then the density by Building FUNCTION can be determined. The EFFECTIVE PARKING may be increased in TODs to effectively increase the permitted density. ACCESSORY UNITS are not included in the density calculation to encourage this residential use. Develop the Landscaping Plan. The landscaping standards regulate the extent of paving, lawns, and trees. Note the requirement that in T4, trees in the private frontage are required to match trees in the public frontage (see Table 4 PUBLIC FRONTAGES). While this may seem like an unnecessary effort to control private choice, consider that trees in the private frontage are actually a major part of the viewshed of the public frontage, and contribute to the shade of the public realm. Many trees in older neighborhoods that contribute to their distinctive character are actually growing on the private frontage. While it may seem odd that lawn is permitted BY RIGHT in T4 but not in T3 where lawns have reigned in the past, the rationale is that a lawn is not a natural type of planting, and is not considered environmentally sustainable in large areas. (It requires fertilizers that run off into streams or the aquifer.) Therefore it is allowed in the more urban (less natural) Transect Zone where lots are smaller and yards more intensely used, which is where lawn outperforms other species. GROWTH POLICY Articles 3 & 4: Community Scale Plans Article 5: Building Scale Plans COMMUNITY TYPE TRANSECT ZONES STANDARDS OPEN SPACE Open Space, Preserved Sensitve Resources GB- Greenbelt Building Disposition Building Configuration Building Function Parking Standards Architectural Standards Environmental Standards Landscape Standards Open Space, Reserved Greenbelt NEW COMMUNITIES (Article 3) TOD TND- Neighborhood Village T3- Suburban Zone T4- General Urban Zone T5- Urban Center Zone RCD- Regional Center T3- Suburban Zone T4- General Urban Zone T5- Urban Center Zone Outside TOD TND- Neighborhood Village T3- Suburban Zone T4- General Urban Zone T5- Urban Center Zone EXISTING COMMUNITIES (Article 4) TOD- Redevelopment RCD- Regional Center T4- General Urban Zone T5- Urban Center Zone TND -Infill TND- Neighborhood Village T3- Suburban Zone T4- General Urban Zone T5- Urban Center Zone ARTICLE 3. VILLAGE SCALE PLANS—NEW VILLAGES 3.1. INSTRUCTIONS 3.1.1. Structure the site using one or several PEDESTRIAN SHEDS, which should be located according to existing conditions, such as traffic intersections, adjacent developments, and natural features. The site or any New VILLAGE UNIT (TND, RCD/TOD) within it may be smaller or larger than its PEDESTRIAN SHED. Note:ln Section 3, New Communities refer to stand-alone development, as compared to "Infill" connected to existing development, so no, don't replace with Villages. 3.1.2. Adjust the PEDESTRIAN SHEDS as necessary to include land falling between or outside them, but the extent of each shall not exceed the acreage limit specified in Section 3.3 for the applicable Village Unit type. An ADJUSTED PEDESTRIAN SHED becomes the boundary of a VILLAGE UNIT. 3.1.3. Allocate the areas of TRANSECT ZONES (T -Zones) (Section 3.4) within the boundaries of each VILLAGE UNIT as appropriate to its type. TND may vary in size. If the site is larger than a STANDARD PEDESTRIAN SHED, one TND may be adjoined by another. RCD may also vary greatly in size. This provision gives the planner leeway to structure any site up to 640 acres as either one large RCD or as a smaller RCD adjoined by one or more TNDs. Even though the entire planning area would be within the LONG PEDESTRIAN SHED of the transit stop, the market would dictate whether TND, with its lower density and T-3 housing types, would be more suitable to fill out the parcel than the higher density T -zones of the RCD pattern. See Sections 3.3 and 3.4 and Table 11 a. 3.1.4. Assign CIVIC ZONES shall according to Section 3.5. 3.1.5. Assign SPECIAL DISTRICTS, if any, according to Section 3.6. 3.1.6. Layout the THOROUGHFARE network according to Section 3.7. 3.1.7. Calculate DENSITY and determine the greenbelt area according to Section 3.8. 3.1.8. Remnants of the site outside the ADJUSTED PEDESTRIAN SHED(s) shall be assigned to TRANSECT ZONES or CIVIC SPACE by WARRANT or SPECIAL DISTRICT by VARIANCE. 3.2. VILLAGE UNIT TYPES 3.2.1. TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT (TND) a. A TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT (TND) shall be permitted within the TOD neighborhood, existing urban zoned areas, infill areas, or other remaining areas within the Urban Area. b. A TND shall be structured by one Standard or LINEAR PEDESTRIAN SHED and shall be no fewer than 80 acres and no more than 160 acres. c. A TND shall include TRANSECT ZONES as allocated on Table 1 la. d. Larger sites shall be designed and developed as multiple Communities, each subject to the individual TRANSECT ZONE requirements for its type as allocated on Table 11 a. The simultaneous planning of adjacent parcels is encouraged. e. In the T-4 General Urban Zone, a minimum Residential mix of three Building Disposition types (none less than 20%) shall be required, selected from Table 6. 3.2.2. REGIONAL CENTER DEVELOPMENT (RCD) a. A REGIONAL CENTER DEVELOPMENT (RCD) shall be permitted within the TOD regional center. b. An RCD shall be structured by one LONG PEDESTRIAN SHED or LINEAR PEDESTRIAN SHED and shall consist of no fewer than 80 acres and no more than 640 acres. c. An RCD shall include TRANSECT ZONES as allocated on Table 1 la. d. For larger sites, an RCD may be adjoined without buffer by one or more TNDs, each subject to the individual TRANSECT ZONE requirements for TND as allocated on Table 11 a. The simultaneous planning of adjacent parcels is encouraged. 3.2.3. TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD) a. Any TND or RCD designated as TOD are permitted the higher DENSITY represented by the EFFECTIVE PARKING allowance in Section 5.9.24. 10 3.3. TRANSECT ZONES 3.3.1. TRANSECT ZONES shall be assigned and mapped on each New Village Plan according to the percentages allocated on Tables 2 and 14a. 3.3.2. A Transect Zone may include any of the elements indicated for its T -zone number throughout this Code, in accordance with Intent described in Table 1 and the metric standards summarized in Table 11. 3.4. CIVIC ZONES 3.4.1. GENERAL a. CIVIC ZONES dedicated for public use shall be required for each VILLAGE UNIT and designated on the New Village Plan as CIVIC SPACE (CS) and CIVIC BUILDING (CB). b. CIVIC SPACE Zones are public sites permanently dedicated to Open Space. c. CIVIC BUILDING Zones are sites dedicated for buildings generally operated by not-for-profit organizations dedicated to culture, education, religion, government, transit and municipal parking, or for a use approved by the Legislative body. d. A CIVIC ZONE may be permitted by WARRANT if it does not occupy more than 20% of a PEDESTRIAN SHED, otherwise it is subject to the creation of a SPECIAL DISTRICT. See Section 3.6. e. Parking for CIVIC ZONES shall be determined by WARRANT. CIVIC parking lots may remain unpaved if graded, compacted and landscaped. 3.4.2. CIVIC SPACE (CS) a. Each PEDESTRIAN SHED shall assign at least 5% of its URBANIZED area to CIVIC SPACE. b. CIVIC SPACES shall be designed as generally described in Table 10, approved by WARRANT, and distributed throughout TRANSECT ZONES as described in Table 11 e. c. Those portions of the GB Greenbelt that occur within a development parcel shall be part of the CIVIC SPACE allocation and should conform to the CIVIC SPACE types specified in Table 10a or 13b. d. Each PEDESTRIAN SHED shall contain at least one MAIN CIVIC SPACE. The MAIN CIVIC SPACE shall be within 800 feet of the geographic center of each PEDESTRIAN SHED, unless topographic conditions, pre-existing THOROUGHFARE alignments or other circumstances prevent such location. A MAIN CIVIC SPACE shall conform to one of the types specified in Table 10b, 13c, or 13d. e. Within 800 feet of every LOT in RESIDENTIAL use, a CIVIC SPACE designed and equipped as a playground shall be provided. A playground shall conform to Table 10e. f. Each CIVIC SPACE shall have a minimum of 50% of its perimeter enfronting a THOROUGHFARE, except for playgrounds. g. CIVIC SPACES may be permitted within SPECIAL DISTRICTS by WARRANT. h. Parks maybe permitted in TRANSECT ZONES T4 and T5 by WARRANT. 3.4.3. CIVIC BUILDINGS (CB) a. The owner shall covenant to construct a MEETING HALL or a Third Place in proximity to the MAIN CIVIC SPACE of each PEDESTRIAN SHED. Its corresponding PUBLIC FRONTAGE shall be equipped with a shelter and bench for a transit stop. b. One CIVIC BUILDING LOT shall be reserved for an elementary school. Its area shall be one (1) acre for each increment of 100 dwelling units provided by the Village. c. Plan, with a minimum of three (3) acres. The school site may be within any TRANSECT ZONE. Any playing fields should be outside the PEDESTRIAN SHED. d. One CIVIC BUILDING LOT suitable for a childcare building shall be reserved within each Pedestrian Shed. The owner or a homeowners' association or other community council may organize, fund and construct an appropriate building as the need arises. e. CIVIC BUILDING sites shall not occupy more than 20% of the area of each PEDESTRIAN SHED. CIVIC BUILDING sites should be located within or adjacent to a CIVIC SPACE, or at the axial termination of a significant Thoroughfare. CIVIC BUILDINGS shall not be subject to the standards of Article 5. The particulars of their design shall be determined by WARRANT. CIVIC BUILDINGS may be permitted within SPECIAL DISTRICTS by WARRANT. 3.5. SPECIAL DISTRICTS 3.5.1. SPECIAL DISTRICT designations shall be assigned to areas that, by their intrinsic size, FUNCTION, or CONFIGURATION, cannot conform to the requirements of any TRANSECT ZONE or combination of zones. Conditions of development for SPECIAL DISTRICTS shall be determined in public hearing of the Legislative Body and recorded on Table 13. 3.6. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR STANDARDS 3.6.1. GENERAL a. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS are intended for use by vehicular and pedestrian traffic and to provide access to LOTS and OPEN SPACES. b. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS shall generally consist of vehicular lanes and PUBLIC FRONTAGES. c. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS shall be designed in context with the urban form and desired design speed of the TRANSECT ZONES through which they pass. The PUBLIC FRONTAGES of TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS that pass from one TRANSECT ZONE to another shall be 12 adjusted accordingly or, alternatively, the TRANSECT ZONE may follow the alignment of the THOROUGHFARE to the depth of one LOT, retaining a single PUBLIC FRONTAGE throughout its trajectory. Within the more urban TRANSECT ZONES (T3 through T5) pedestrian comfort shall be a primary consideration of the THOROUGHFARE. Design conflict between vehicular and pedestrian movement generally shall be decided in favor of the pedestrian. The THOROUGHFARE network shall be designed to define BLOCKS not exceeding the size prescribed in Table 11 c. The perimeter shall be measured as the sum of LOT FRONTAGE LINES. BLOCK perimeter at the edge of the development parcel shall be subject to approval by WARRANT. All TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS shall terminate at other TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS, forming a network. Internal TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS shall connect wherever possible to those on adjacent sites. Cul-de-sacs shall be subject to approval by WARRANT to accommodate specific site conditions only. Each LOT shall ENFRONT a vehicular THOROUGHFARE, except that 20% of the LOTS within each TRANSECT ZONE may ENFRONT a PASSAGE. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS along a designated B -GRID may be exempted by WARRANT from one or more of the specified PUBLIC FRONTAGE or PRIVATE FRONTAGE requirements. See Table 4 Standards for PATHS and BICYCLE TRAILS shall be approved by WARRANT. The standards for TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS within SPECIAL DISTRICTS shall be determined by VARIANCE. 3.6.2. VEHICULAR LANES TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS may include vehicular lanes in a variety of widths for parked and for moving vehicles, including bicycles. The standards for vehicular lanes shall be as shown in Table 2A. A bicycle network consisting of BICYCLE TRAILS, BICYCLE ROUTES and BICYCLE LANES should be provided throughout as defined in Article 7 Definitions of Terms and allocated as specified in Table 11d. BICYCLE ROUTES should be marked with Sharrows. The village bicycle network shall be connected to existing or proposed regional networks wherever possible. 3.6.3. PUBLIC FRONTAGES GENERAL TO ALL ZONES i. The PUBLIC FRONTAGE contributes to the character of the TRANSECT ZONE, and includes the types of SIDEWALK, CURB, planter, bicycle facility, and street trees. ii. PUBLIC FRONTAGES shall be designed as shown in Table 3A and Table 3B and allocated within TRANSECT ZONES as specified in Table 11d. SPECIFIC TO ZONES T3 i. The PUBLIC FRONTAGE shall include trees of various species, naturalistically clustered, as well as understory. 13 ii. The introduced landscape shall consist primarily of native species requiring minimal irrigation, fertilization and maintenance. Lawn shall be permitted only by WARRANT. c. C. SPECIFIC TO ZONES T4, T5 i. The introduced landscape shall consist primarily of durable species tolerant of soil compaction. d. SPECIFIC TO ZONE T4 i. The PUBLIC FRONTAGE shall include trees planted in a regularly -spaced ALLEE pattern of single or alternated species with shade canopies of a height that, at maturity, clears at least one STORY. e. SPECIFIC TO ZONE T5 i. The PUBLIC FRONTAGE shall include trees planted in a regularly -spaced ALLEE pattern of single species with shade canopies of a height that, at maturity, clears at least one STORY. At RETAIL FRONTAGES, the spacing of the trees may be irregular, to avoid visually obscuring the shopfronts. ii. Streets with a Right -of -Way width of 40 feet or less shall be exempt from the tree requirement. 3.7. DENSITY CALCULATIONS 3.7.1. This section operates by referencing Table 11 a and Table 11 b (Summary Table), and Table 7 and Table 8 (Building FUNCTION and Parking Calculations). The code requires a minimum amount of dwelling units to be exchanged for other FUNCTIONS (LODGING, OFFICE, or RETAIL). The exchange is subject to approval as a WARRANT, and cannot exceed in any event 50% of the total number of dwelling units permitted for the applicable TRANSECT ZONE. The density calculations, which are inherently complex, operate at the village scale, while a further determination of local density occurs at the building scale. These calculations allow adjustment according to the site and market conditions. The sequence of calculations is as follows: a. In the process of preparing the Village Plan, allocate an area of land to each TRANSECT ZONE as permitted by Table 11a. The table shows a range of ratios for each VILLAGE UNIT type that, once the plan is complete, become fixed allocations appearing on the permitting documents, both graphically on the plan and also listed as the number of acres of each TRANSECT ZONE. b. Using the acreage of these TRANSECT ZONES, including the TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS but not the CIVIC ZONES, calculate from Table 1 lb the BASE RESIDENTIAL DENSITY. Note that the "BY RIGHT" density is much lower than the "By TDR" density. This encourages the TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS from lands that should remain open, in order to achieve the higher allowable density. c. Establish the requisite degree of mixed use by translating a ratio of the overall BASE RESIDENTIAL DENSITY to "Other FUNCTIONS" as specified on Table 11 b and Section 3.8.5. These densities become part of the permit, appearing as fixed numbers and allocated by TRANSECT ZONES on the Village Plan. 14 d. When the lots and buildings are subsequently being designed according to Article 5, the localized density is determined. See Section 5.9 DENSITY and Parking Calculations. 3.7.2. All areas of the New Village Plan site that are not part of the T-1 Preserved Sector shall be considered cumulatively the NET SITE AREA. The NET SITE AREA shall be allocated to the various TRANSECT ZONES according to the parameters specified in Table 11 a. 3.7.3. DENSITY shall be expressed in terms of housing units per acre as specified for the area of each TRANSECT ZONE by Table 11 b. For purposes of DENSITY calculation, the TRANSECT ZONES include the TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS but not land assigned to CIVIC ZONES (CS and CB). Twenty percent (20%) shall be in the AFFORDABLE HOUSING range. 3.7.4. The BASE DENSITY of the VILLAGE UNIT may be increased by the TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS (TDR) up to the amount specified for each Zone by Table 11 b. An increase in housing units by TDR shall be factored in when meeting the AFFORDABLE HOUSING requirements. 3.7.5. Within the percentage range shown on Table 11 b for Other FUNCTIONS, the housing units specified on Table 11 b shall be exchanged at the following rates: a. For LODGING: 2 bedrooms for each unit of NET SITE AREA DENSITY. b. For OFFICE or RETAIL: 1000 square feet for each unit of NET SITE AREA DENSITY. 3.7.6. The number of units exchanged shall be subject to approval by WARRANT. 3.7.7. The housing and other FUNCTIONS for each TRANSECT ZONE shall be subject to further adjustment at the building scale as limited by Table 7, Table 8 and Section 5.9. 3.8. MANDATORY AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 3.8.1. New and Redevelopment Village Plans shall include a REGULATING PLAN consisting of one or more maps showing the following for each VILLAGE UNIT in the plan area, in compliance with the standards described in this Article: a. TRANSECT ZONES B. CIVIC ZONES c. THOROUGHFARE network d. SPECIAL DISTRICTS, if any e. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS, if any f. Numbers of WARRANTS or VARIANCES, if any. 3.8.2. A New or Community Village Plan may designate any of the following SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS: 15 a. A differentiation of the TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS as A -GRID and B - GRID. Buildings along the A -GRID shall be held to the highest standard of this Code in support of pedestrian activity. Buildings along the B -GRID may be more readily considered for WARRANTS allowing automobile -oriented standards. The FRONTAGES assigned to the B -GRID shall not exceed 30% of the total length of FRONTAGES within a PEDESTRIAN SHED. b. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended RETAIL FRONTAGE requiring or advising that a building provide a SHOPFRONT at SIDEWALK level along the entire length of its PRIVATE FRONTAGE. The SHOPFRONT shall be no less than 70% glazed in clear glass and shaded by an awning overlapping the SIDEWALK as generally illustrated in Table 4 and specified in Article 5. The first floor shall be confined to RETAIL use through the depth of the second LAYER. (Table 14d) c. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended GALLERY FRONTAGE, requiring or advising that a building provide a permanent cover over the SIDEWALK, either cantilevered or supported by columns. The GALLERY FRONTAGE designation may be combined with a RETAIL FRONTAGE designation. d. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended ARCADE FRONTAGE, requiring or advising that a building overlap the SIDEWALK such that the first floor FACADE is a colonnade. The ARCADE FRONTAGE designation may be combined with a RETAIL FRONTAGE designation. e. A designation for Coordinated FRONTAGE, requiring that the PUBLIC FRONTAGE (Table 3A) and PRIVATE FRONTAGE (Table 4) be coordinated as a single, coherent landscape and paving design. f. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended Terminated Vista locations, requiring or advising that the building be provided with architectural articulation of a type and character that responds visually to the location, as approved by the Design Center. g. A designation for Cross BLOCK Passages, requiring that a minimum 8 -foot - wide pedestrian access be reserved between buildings. h. A designation for Buildings of Value, requiring that such buildings and structures may be altered or demolished only in accordance with Municipal Preservation Standards and Protocols. 1 f� F � t lating plan for neva oreomrrtunify village plan. 11 ARTICLE 4. VILLAGE SCALE PLANS-- INFILL 4.1. MINIMUM AREA REQUIREMENTS 4.1.1. The owner of a parcel, or abutting parcels, consisting of 20 acres or more of contiguous lots abutting existing development within the Urban Area as approved by the Design Center shall prepare a village plan to regulate, at minimum, an area the size of the Pedestrian Shed commensurate with its Village Unit type as listed in Section 4.2, even if it overlaps adjacent parcels. Both the site and plan area should connect and blend with surrounding urbanism. 4.2. VILLAGE UNIT TYPES 4.2.1. Infill Regulating Plans shall encompass the Village Unit types below. The allocation percentages of Table 11 a do not apply. TND. An INFILL TND should be assigned to neighborhood areas that are predominantly residential with one or more MIXED USE CORRIDORS or centers. An INFILL TND shall be mapped as at least one complete Standard Pedestrian Shed, which may be adjusted as a NETWORK PEDESTRIAN SHED, oriented around one or more existing or planned Common Destinations. The edges of an INFILL TND should blend into adjacent neighborhoods and/or a downtown without buffers. RCD. The INFILL RCDs consist of the Redevelopment areas identified on the Land Use Map—Kailua Village TOD and the Rural Towns TODs. These areas include significant OFFICE and RETAIL uses as well as government and other CIVIC institutions of regional importance. These INFILL RCD may be mapped as at least one complete LONG or LINEAR PEDESTRIAN SHED, which may be adjusted as a NETWORK PEDESTRIAN SHED, oriented around an important MIXED USE CORRIDOR or center. The edges of these INFILL RCDs should blend into adjacent neighborhoods without buffers. As TODs, the higher DENSITY represented by the EFFECTIVE PARKING allowance in Section 5.9.24 apply. 4.3. TRANSECT ZONES 4.3.1. TRANSECT ZONE standards for INFILL REGULATING PLANS should be calibrated by means of a survey of exemplary existing and intended conditions, as identified in a process of public consultation and subject to the approval of the Design Center. Metrics shall be recorded on Table 11 and Tables 12A -C. 4.3.2. A TRANSECT ZONE shall include elements indicated by Article 3, Article 5, and Article 6. 17 4.4. CIVIC ZONES 4.4.1. GENERAL a. Infill Plans should designate CIVIC SPACE Zones (CS) and CIVIC BUILDING Zones (CB). b. A CIVIC ZONE may be permitted by WARRANT if it does not occupy more than 20% of a PEDESTRIAN SHED, otherwise it is subject to the creation of a SPECIAL DISTRICT. See Section 4.5. c. Parking provisions for CIVIC ZONES shall be determined by WARRANT. 4.4.2. CIVIC SPACE ZONES (CS) a. CIVIC SPACES shall be generally designed as described in Table 10, their type determined by the surrounding or adjacent TRANSECT ZONE in a process of public consultation subject to the approval of the Design Center. 4.4.3. CIVIC BUILDING ZONES (CB) CIVIC BUILDINGS shall be permitted by WARRANT in any TRANSECT ZONE. CIVIC BUILDINGS shall not be subject to the Requirements of Article 5. The particulars of their design shall be determined by WARRANT. 4.5. SPECIAL DISTRICTS 4.5.1. Areas that, by their intrinsic size, FUNCTION, or CONFIGURATION, cannot conform to the requirements of any TRANSECT ZONE or combination of zones shall be designated as SPECIAL DISTRICTS by the Planning Director in the process of preparing an Infill Plan. Conditions of development for SPECIAL DISTRICTS shall be determined by the Design Center and recorded on Table 13. 4.6. MANDATORY AND SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 4.6.1. Infill Regulating Plans shall consist of one or more maps showing the following: a. The outline(s) of the PEDESTRIAN SHED(s) and the boundaries of the Village Unit(s) b. TRANSECT ZONES and any CIVIC ZONES within each PEDESTRIAN SHED, assigned according to an analysis of existing conditions and future needs c. a Thoroughfare network, existing or planned (Table 2A, Table 2B, Table 3A, and Table 3B) d. any SPECIAL DISTRICTS (Section 4.5) e. any Special Requirements (Section 4.7) f. a record of any WARRANTS or VARIANCES. 4.6.2. An Infill Village Plan may designate any of the following Special Requirements: a. A differentiation of the transportation corridors as A -GRID and B -GRID. Buildings along the A -GRID shall be held to the highest standard of this Code in support of pedestrian activity. Buildings along the B -GRID may be more readily considered for Warrants allowing automobile -oriented standards. The FRONTAGES assigned to the B -GRID shall not exceed 30% of the total length of FRONTAGES within a PEDESTRIAN SHED. b. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended RETAIL FRONTAGE requiring or advising that a building provide a SHOPFRONT at SIDEWALK level along the entire length of its PRIVATE FRONTAGE. The SHOPFRONT shall be no less than 70% glazed in clear glass and shaded by an awning overlapping the SIDEWALK as generally illustrated in Table 4 and specified in Article 5. The first floor shall be confined to Retail use through the depth of the second LAYER. (Table 14d.) c. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended GALLERY FRONTAGE, requiring or advising that a building provide a permanent cover over the SIDEWALK, either cantilevered or supported by columns. The GALLERY FRONTAGE designation may be combined with a RETAIL FRONTAGE designation. d. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended ARCADE FRONTAGE, requiring or advising that a building overlap the SIDEWALK such that the first floor Facade is a colonnade. The ARCADE FRONTAGE designation may be combined with a RETAIL FRONTAGE designation. e. A designation for Coordinated FRONTAGE, requiring that the PUBLIC FRONTAGE (Table 3A) and PRIVATE FRONTAGE (Table 4) be coordinated as a single, coherent landscape and paving design. f. Designations for Mandatory and/or Recommended Terminated Vista locations, requiring or advising that the building be provided with architectural articulation of a type and character that responds visually to the location, as approved by the Design Center. g. A designation for Cross BLOCK Passages, requiring that a minimum 8 -foot - wide pedestrian access be reserved between buildings. h. A designation for Buildings of Value, requiring that such buildings and structures may be altered or demolished only in accordance with Design Center approval. 4.7. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO REDEVELOPMENT PLANS (PRE- EXISTING CONDITIONS) 4.7.1. Existing buildings and appurtenances that do not conform to the provisions of this Code may continue in the same use and form until a Substantial Modification occurs or is requested, at which time the Design Center shall determine the provisions of this Section that shall apply. 4.7.2. Existing buildings that have at any time received a certificate of occupancy shall not require upgrade to the current Building Code and when renovated may meet the standards of the code under which they were originally permitted (to be negotiated by the Design Center with the Building Division). 19 4.7.3. The modification of existing buildings is permitted BY RIGHT if such changes result in greater conformance with the specifications of this Code (to be negotiated by the Design Center with the Building Division). 4.7.4. Where buildings exist on adjacent LOTS, the Design Center may require that a proposed building match one or the other of the adjacent Setbacks and heights rather than the provisions of this Code. 4.7.5. Any addition to or modification of a Building of Value that has been designated as such by the Local Preservation Organization or to a building actually or potentially eligible for inclusion on a state, local or national historic register, shall be subject to approval by the Local Preservation Organization. 4.7.6. The restoration or rehabilitation of an existing building shall not require the provision of (a) parking in addition to that existing or (b) on-site stormwater retention/detention in addition to that existing. Existing parking requirements that exceed those for this Code may be reduced as provided by Tables 10 and 11. I.. lJI ]'I.... - k i, wI %I.. I. VCPS1IAi faFtN t�.wu�au i..w �1-IIZU.1lH EJ i. •lk iLil�viSN f�-Ti3i LYL 5LI41 aThS _ li .I aiY.j-k�Y}nnl 4311UK IANF�. Iwo E }1i M ti-k�h1a'Irfu,vlk�rr LJiIIM�_ i 11MMM ARTICLE 5. BUILDING SCALE PLANS 5.1. INSTRUCTIONS 5.1.1. LOTS and buildings located within a New, Redevelopment, or Infill Village Plan governed by this Code and previously approved shall be subject to the requirements of this Article. 5.1.2. Building and site plans submitted under this Article shall show the following, in compliance with the standards described in this Article: a. For preliminary site and building approval: 20 — Building Disposition — Building CONFIGURATION — Building FUNCTION — Parking Location Standards For final approval, in addition to the above: — Landscape Standards — Signage Standards — Special Requirements, if any 5.1.3. SPECIAL DISTRICTS that do not have provisions within this Code shall be governed by the standards of the pre-existing zoning. 5.2. BUILDING DISPOSITION 5.2.1. SPECIFIC TO ZONES T3, T4, T5 a. Newly platted LOTS shall be dimensioned according to Table 11f and Tables 12A -C. b. Building DISPOSITION types shall be as shown in Table 6 and Table 11 i. c. Buildings shall be disposed in relation to the boundaries of their Lots according to Table 11 g, Table 11 h, and Tables 12A -C. d. One Principal Building at the FRONTAGE, and one Outbuilding to the rear of the Principal Building, may be built on each LOT as shown in Table 14c. e. LOT coverage by building shall not exceed that recorded in Table 11f and Tables 12A -C. f. Facades shall be built parallel to a rectilinear PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE LINE or to the tangent of a curved PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE LINE, and along a minimum percentage of the FRONTAGE width at the SETBACK, as specified as FRONTAGE Buildout on Table 11g and Tables 12A -C. g. Setbacks for Principal Buildings shall be as shown in Table 11g and Tables 12A -C. In the case of an Infill LOT, Setbacks shall match one of the existing adjacent SETBACKS. SETBACKS may otherwise be adjusted by WARRANT. h. Rear SETBACKS for Outbuildings shall be a minimum of 12 feet measured from the centerline of the REAR ALLEY or REAR LANE easement. In the absence of REAR ALLEY or REAR LANE, the rear SETBACK shall be as shown in Table 11 h and Tables 12A -C. i. To accommodate slopes over ten percent, relief from front Setback requirements is available by WARRANT. 5.3. BUILDING CONFIGURATION 5.3.1. Specific to zones T3, T4, T5 a. Newly platted LOTS shall be dimensioned according to Table 11f and Tables 12A -C. b. Building Disposition types shall be as shown in Table 6. c. Buildings shall be disposed in relation to the boundaries of their LOTS according to Table 11 g and Tables 12A -C. 21 One PRINCIPAL BUILDING at the FRONTAGE, and one ACCESSORY UNIT to the rear of the PRINCIPAL BUILDING, may be built on each LOT as shown in Table 14c. LOT coverage by building shall not exceed that recorded in Table 11f and Tables 12A -C. Facades shall be built parallel to a rectilinear PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE LINE or to the tangent of a curved PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE LINE, and along a minimum percentage of the FRONTAGE length at the SETBACK, as specified on Table 11 g and Tables 12A -C. SETBACKS for PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS shall be as shown in Table 11g and Tables 12A -C. In the case of an INFILL LOT, Setbacks shall match one of the existing adjacent SETBACKS. SETBACKS may otherwise be adjusted by the Final Site Plan. Rear SETBACKS for ACCESSORY UNITS shall be a minimum of 12 feet measured from the centerline of the REAR ALLEY easement. In the absence of REAR ALLEY, the rear SETBACK shall be as shown in Table 11 h and Tables 12A -C. To accommodate slopes over ten percent, relief from front SETBACK requirements may be considered as a Special Condition. 5.4. BUILDING CONFIGURATION 5.4.1. General to zones T3, T4, T5 a. The PRIVATE FRONTAGE of buildings shall conform to and be allocated in accordance with Table 4 and Table 11j. b. Buildings on corner LOTS shall have two PRIVATE FRONTAGES as shown in Table 14. Prescriptions for the second and third LAYERS pertain only to the PRINCIPAL FRONTAGE. Prescriptions for the first LAYER pertain to both FRONTAGFS. c. The first STORY of all FACADES should be glazed with clear glass no less than 30%. d. Building Heights, SETBACKS, EXPRESSION LINES, and EXTENSION LINES shall conform to Table 5 and Table 11j. e. Stories may not exceed 14 feet in height from finished floor to finished ceiling, except for a first floor COMMERCIAL FUNCTION, which shall be a minimum of 11 feet and may be a maximum of 25 feet. A single floor level exceeding 14 feet, or 25 feet at ground level, shall be counted as two (2) stories. Mezzanines extending beyond 33% of the floor area shall be counted as an additional STORY. f. In a PARKING STRUCTURE or garage, each level counts as a single STORY regardless of its relationship to habitable Stories. g. Height limits do not apply to ATTICS or raised basements, masts, belfries, clock towers, chimney flues, water tanks, or elevator bulkheads. 5.4.2. Specific to zones T3, T4, T5 22 The minimum size of a dwelling within a PRINCIPAL BUILDING shall be 300 sq ft in interior space. ACCESSORY UNITS may be any size, not to exceed 900 sq ft. 5.4.3. Specific to zone T3 a. No portion of the PRIVATE FRONTAGE may encroach the SIDEWALK. b. Open lanais may encroach the first LAYER 50% of its depth. (Table 14d) c. Lanais and bay windows may encroach the First LAYER 25% of its depth. 5.4.4. Specific to zone T4 a. Lanais and bay windows may encroach the first LAYER 50% of its depth. (Table 14d) 5.4.5. Specific to zones T5 a. Awnings, ARCADES, and GALLERIES may encroach the SIDEWALK to within two feet of the CURB but must clear the SIDEWALK vertically by at least 8 feet. b. Maximum Encroachment heights (EXTENSION LINES) for ARCADES shall be as shown on Table 5. c. Entryway steps, lanais, and bay windows may encroach the first LAYER 100% of its depth. (Table 14d) d. Loading docks and service areas shall be permitted on FRONTAGES only as a Special Condition. e. In the absence of a building FACADE along any part of a FRONTAGE LINE, a STREETSCREEN shall be built co -planar with the Facade. f. STREETSCREENS should be between 3.5 and 8 feet in height. The STREETSCREEN may be replaced by a hedge or fence by WARRANT. STREETSCREENS shall have openings no larger than necessary to allow automobile and pedestrian access. g. A first level RESIDENTIAL or LODGING FUNCTION shall be raised a minimum of 2 feet from average SIDEWALK grade. 5.5. BUILDING FUNCTION 5.5.1. General to zones T3, T4, T5 a. Buildings in each TRANSECT ZONE shall conform to the FUNCTIONS on Table 7 and Table 9 and Table 11 k. FUNCTIONS that do not conform shall require approval by Warrant or Variance as specified on Table 9. 5.5.2. Specific to zone T3 a. Accessory FUNCTIONS of Restricted LODGING or Restricted OFFICE shall be permitted within an ACCESSORY UNIT. See Table 7. 5.5.3. Specific to zones T4, T5 a. Accessory FUNCTIONS of Limited LODGING or Limited OFFICE shall be permitted within an ACCESSORY UNIT. See Table 7. 23 5.5.4. Specific to zones T5 a. First STORY COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONS shall be permitted. b. Manufacturing FUNCTIONS within the first Story may be permitted by Variance. 5.6. PARKING AND DENSITY CALCULATIONS 5.6.1. Specific to zone T3 a. Buildable DENSITY on a LOT shall be determined by the actual parking provided within the LOT as applied to the FUNCTIONS permitted in Table 7. 5.6.2. Specific to zones T4, T5 a. Buildable DENSITY on a LOT shall be determined by the sum of the actual parking calculated as that provided (1) within the LOT (2) along the parking lane corresponding to the LOT FRONTAGE, and (3) by purchase or lease from a CIVIC PARKING RESERVE within the PEDESTRIAN SHED, if available. b. The actual parking may be adjusted upward according to the SHARED PARKING FACTOR of Table 8 to determine the EFFECTIVE PARKING. The SHARED PARKING FACTOR is available for any two FUNCTIONS within any pair of adjacent BLOCKS. c. Based on the EFFECTIVE PARKING available, the DENSITY of the projected FUNCTION may be determined according to Table 7. d. Within the overlay area of a TRANSIT -ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD) the EFFECTIVE PARKING may be further adjusted upward by 30%. e. The total DENSITY within each TRANSECT ZONE shall not exceed that specified by an approved Regulating Maps based on Article 3 or Article 4. f. ACCESSORY UNITS do not count toward DENSITY calculations. g. Liner Buildings less than 30 feet deep and no more than two STORIES shall be exempt from parking requirements. 5.6.3. Parking Calculations. The calculations work as follows: The required parking for each category of function appears on Table 7. These requirements also apply to the subcategories of Table 9. For those functions that are not covered, the parking is calculated by WARRANT. b. Table 8a (Required Parking) summarizes the parking requirements of Table 7, which determines the amount of parking required for each site or, conversely, the amount of buildings allowed on each site given the parking available. c. In the event of mixed use, the actual parking required is calculated by adding the total number of spaces required by each separate function and dividing the total by the appropriate factor from Table 8b (SHARED PARKING FACTOR). An example of this calculation: The RESIDENTIAL FUNCTION requires 10 spaces while the office portion requires 12 spaces. Independently they would require 22 spaces, but when divided by the sharing factor of 1.4, they would 24 require only 16 spaces. A second way to calculate: If there are 22 spaces available for RESIDENTIAL and OFFICE, multiplying this by the factor 1.4 gives the equivalent of 30 spaces. Thus buildings are allowed corresponding to 30 parking spaces. When three functions share parking, use the lowest factor so that enough parking is assured. 5.7. PARKING LOCATION STANDARDS 5.7.1. General to zones T3, T4, T5 a. Parking shall be accessed by REAR ALLEYS when such are available on the REGULATING MAPS. b. Open parking areas shall be masked from the FRONTAGE by a Building or STREETSCREEN. c. For buildings on B -GRIDS, open parking areas may be allowed unmasked on the FRONTAGE, except for corner lots at intersections with the A -GRID. 5.7.2. Specific to zones T3 a. Open parking areas shall be located at the second and third LOT LAYERS, except that DRIVEWAYS, drop-offs and unpaved parking areas may be located at the first LOT LAYER. (Table 14d) b. Garages shall be located at the third LAYER except that side- or rear -entry types may be allowed in the first or second LAYER. 5.7.3. Specific to zones T3, T4 a. DRIVEWAYS at FRONTAGES shall be no wider than 10 feet in the first LAYER. (Table 2B -f) 5.7.4. Specific to zone T4 a. All parking areas and garages shall be located at the second or third LAYER. 5.7.5. Specific to zones T5 a. All parking lots, garages, and PARKING STRUCTURES shall be located at the second or third LAYER. (Table 14d) b. Vehicular entrances to parking lots, garages, and PARKING STRUCTURES shall be no wider than 24 feet at the FRONTAGE. (Table 2B -f) c. Pedestrian exits from all parking lots, garages, and PARKING STRUCTURES shall be directly to a FRONTAGE LINE (i.e., not directly into a building) except underground levels which may be exited by pedestrians directly into a building. d. PARKING STRUCTURES on the A -GRID shall have LINER BUILDINGS lining the first and second STORIES. e. A minimum of one bicycle rack place should be provided within the PUBLIC or PRIVATE FRONTAGE for every ten vehicular parking spaces. 25 5.8. LANDSCAPE STANDARDS 5.8.1. General to zones T4, T5 (Table 11) a. Impermeable surface shall be confined to the ratio of LOT coverage specified in Table 11f. 5.8.2. Specific to zones T3, T4 a. The first LAYER may not be paved, with the exception of DRIVEWAYS as specified in Section 5.10.2 and Section 5.10.3. (Table 14d) 5.8.3. Specific to zone T4 a. A minimum of one tree shall be planted within the first LAYER for each 30 feet of FRONTAGE LINE or portion thereof. (Table 14d) b. Trees shall be a single species to match the species of Street Trees on the PUBLIC FRONTAGE, or as shown on Table 5. c. Lawn shall be permitted BY RIGHT. 5.8.4. Specific to zones T5 a. Trees shall not be required in the first LAYER. b. The first LAYER maybe paved to match the pavement of the PUBLIC FRONTAGE. ARTICLE 6. STANDARDS AND TABLES 26 ARTICLE 7. DEFINITIONS This Article provides definitions for terms in this Code that are technical in nature or that otherwise may not reflect a common usage of the term. If a term is not defined in this Article, then the Planning Director shall determine the correct definition. Items in italics refer to Articles, Sections, or Tables in the SmartCode. A -Grid: cumulatively, those transportation corridors that by virtue of their pre-existing pedestrian - supportive qualities, or their future importance to pedestrian connectivity, are held to the highest standards prescribed by this Code. See B -Grid. (Syn: primary grid.) Accessory Building: an Outbuilding with an ACCESSORY UNIT. Accessory Unit: an Apartment not greater than 440 square feet sharing ownership and utility connections with a Principal Building; it may or may not be within an Outbuilding. See Table 7 and Table 14. (Syn: ancillary unit) Adjusted Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed that has been adjusted according to Section 3.2, creating the regulatory boundary of a Village Unit. Affordable Housing: dwellings consisting of rental or for -sale units that have a rent (including utilities) or sales price meeting the requirements of HCC chapter 11 or the Kona CDP. Allee: a regularly spaced and aligned row of trees usually planted along a Thoroughfare or Path. Apartment: a Residential unit sharing a building and a Lot with other units and/or uses; may be for rent, or for sale as a condominium. Arcade: a Private Frontage conventional for Retail use wherein the Facade is a colonnade supporting habitable space that overlaps the Sidewalk, while the Facade at Sidewalk level remains at the FRONTAGE LINE. Attic: the interior part of a building contained within a pitched roof structure. Avenue (AV): a Thoroughfare of high vehicular capacity and low to moderate speed, acting as a short distance connector between urban centers, and usually equipped with a landscaped median. B -Grid: cumulatively, those transportation corridors that by virtue of their use, location, or absence of pre-existing pedestrian -supportive qualities, may meet a standard lower than that of the A -GRID. See A -GRID. (Syn: secondary grid.) BRT: see Bus Rapid Transit. Backbuilding: a single -Story structure connecting a Principal Building to an Outbuilding. See Table 14. Base Density: the number of dwelling units per acre before adjustment for other Functions and/or TDR. See Density. Bed and Breakfast: an owner -occupied Lodging type offering 1 to 5 bedrooms, permitted to serve breakfast in the mornings to guests. Bicycle Lane (BL): a dedicated lane for cycling within a moderate -speed vehicular Thoroughfare, demarcated by striping. 27 Bicycle Route (BR): a Thoroughfare suitable for the shared use of bicycles and automobiles moving at low speeds. Bicycle Trail (BT): a bicycle way running independently of a vehicular Thoroughfare. Block: the aggregate of private Lots, Passages, Rear Alleys and Rear Lanes, circumscribed by transportation corridors. Block Face: the aggregate of all the building Facades on one side of a Block. Boulevard (BV): a Thoroughfare designed for high vehicular capacity and moderate speed, traversing an Urbanized area. Boulevards are usually equipped with Slip Roads buffering Sidewalks and buildings. Brownfield: an area previously used primarily as an industrial site. Bus Rapid Transit: a rubber tire system with its own right-of-way or dedicated lane along at least 70% of its route, providing transit service that is faster than a regular bus. By Right: characterizing a proposal or component of a proposal for a Village Plan or Building Scale Plan (Article 3, Article 4, orArticle 5) that complies with the SmartCode and is permitted and processed administratively, without public hearing. See Warrant and Variance. Civic: the term defining not-for-profit organizations dedicated to arts, culture, education, recreation, government, transit, and municipal parking. Civic Building: a building operated by not-for-profit organizations dedicated to arts, culture, education, recreation, government, transit, and municipal parking, or for use approved by the legislative body. Civic Parking Reserve: Parking Structure or parking lot within a quarter -mile of the site that it serves. See Section 5.9.2. Civic Space: an outdoor area dedicated for public use. Civic Space types are defined by the combination of certain physical constants including the relationships among their intended use, their size, their landscaping and their Enfronting buildings. See Table 10. Civic Zone: designation for public sites dedicated for Civic Buildings and Civic Space. Commercial: the term collectively defining workplace, Office, Retail, and Lodging Functions. Common Destination: An area of focused community activity, usually defining the approximate center of a Pedestrian Shed. It may include without limitation one or more of the following: a Civic Space, a Civic Building, a Commercial center, or a transit station, and may act as the social center of a neighborhood. Common Yard: a planted Private Frontage wherein the Facade is set back from the Frontage line. It is visually continuous with adjacent yards. See Table 4. Configuration: the form of a building, based on its massing, Private Frontage, and height. Corridor: a lineal geographic system incorporating transportation and/or Greenway trajectories. A transportation corridor may be a lineal Transect Zone. Cottage: an Edgeyard building type. A single-family dwelling, on a regular Lot, often shared with an ACCESSORY BUILDING in the back yard. Courtyard Building: a building that occupies the boundaries of its Lot while internally defining one or more private patios. See Table 6. Curb: the edge of the vehicular pavement that may be raised or flush to a Swale. It usually incorporates the drainage system. See Table 3A and Table 3B. DDC: Development and Design Center. Density: the number of dwelling units within a standard measure of land area. Design Speed: is the velocity at which a Thoroughfare tends to be driven without the constraints of signage or enforcement. There are four ranges of speed: Very Low: (below 20 MPH); Low: (20-25 MPH); Moderate: (25-35 MPH); High: (above 35 MPH). Lane width is determined by desired Design Speed. See Table 2A. Developable Areas: lands other than those in the T-1 Preserved Open Sector. Development and Design Center (DDC): A component of the Planning Office assigned to advise on the use of this Code and to aid in the design of the Communities and buildings based on it. Disposition: the placement of a building on its Lot. See Table 6 and Table 14. Dooryard: a Private Frontage type with a shallow Setback and front garden or patio, usually with a low wall at the Frontage Line. See Table 4. (Variant: Lightwell, light court.) Drive: a Thoroughfare along the boundary between an Urbanized and a natural condition, usually along a waterfront, Park, or promontory. One side has the urban character of a Thoroughfare, with Sidewalk and building, while the other has the qualities of a Road or parkway, with naturalistic planting and rural details. Driveway: a vehicular lane within a Lot, often leading to a garage. See Section 5.10 and Table 213- f. Edgeyard Building: a building that occupies the center of its Lot with Setbacks on all sides. See Table 6. Effective Parking: the amount of parking required for Mixed Use after adjustment by the Shared Parking Factor. See Table 8. Effective Turning Radius: the measurement of the inside Turning Radius taking parked cars into account. See Table 14. Elevation: an exterior wall of a building not along a Frontage Line. See Table 14. See: Facade. Encroach: to break the plane of a vertical or horizontal regulatory limit with a structural element, so that it extends into a Setback, into the Public Frontage, or above a height limit. Encroachment: any structural element that breaks the plane of a vertical or horizontal regulatory limit, extending into a Setback, into the Public Frontage, or above a height limit. Enfront: to place an element along a Frontage, as in "porches Enfront the street." Estate House: an Edgeyard building type. A single-family dwelling on a very large Lot of rural character, often shared by one or more ACCESSORY BUILDINGs. (Syn: country house, villa) Expression Line: a line prescribed at a certain level of a building for the major part of the width of a Facade, expressed by a variation in material or by a limited projection such as a molding or balcony. See Table 5. (Syn: transition line.) 29 Extension Line: a line prescribed at a certain level of a building for the major part of the width of a Facade, regulating the maximum height for an Encroachment by an ARCADE Frontage. See Table 5. Facade: the exterior wall of a building that is set along a Frontage Line. See Elevation. Forecourt: a Private Frontage wherein a portion of the Facade is close to the Frontage Line and the central portion is set back. See Table 4. Frontage: the area between a building Facade and the vehicular lanes, inclusive of its built and planted components. Frontage is divided into Private Frontage and Public Frontage. See Table 3A and Table 4. Frontage Line: a Lot line bordering a Public Frontage. Facades facing Frontage Lines define the public realm and are therefore more regulated than the Elevations facing other Lot Lines. See Table 14. Function: the use or uses accommodated by a building and its Lot, categorized as Restricted, Limited, or Open, according to the intensity of the use. See Table 7 and Table 9. Gallery: a Private Frontage conventional for Retail use wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage Line with an attached cantilevered shed or lightweight colonnade overlapping the Sidewalk. See Table 4. Green: a Civic Space type for unstructured recreation, spatially defined by landscaping rather than building Frontages. See Table 10. Greenfield: an area that consists of open or wooded land or farmland that has not been previously developed. Greenway: an Open Space Corridor in largely natural conditions which may include trails for bicycles and pedestrians. Greyfield: an area previously used primarily as a parking lot. Shopping centers and shopping malls are typical Greyfield sites. (Variant: Grayfield.) Highway: a rural and suburban Thoroughfare of high vehicular speed and capacity. This type is allocated to the more rural TRANSECT ZONES (T-1, T-2, and T-3). Home Occupation: non -Retail Commercial enterprises. The work quarters should be invisible from the Frontage, located either within the house or in an Outbuilding. Permitted activities are defined by the Restricted Office category. See Table 7. House: an Edgeyard building type, usually a single-family dwelling on a large Lot, often shared with an ACCESSORY BUILDING in the backyard. (Syn: single.) Infill: noun - new development on land that had been previously developed, including most Greyfield and Brownfield sites and cleared land within Urbanized areas. verb- to develop such areas. Infill RCD: a Village Unit type within an Urbanized, Greyfield, or Brownfield area based on a Long or Linear Pedestrian Shed and consisting of T-4 and/or T-5 Zones. An Infill RCD is permitted BY RIGHT in the Kailua Village TOD and the Rural Towns TODs and is regulated by Article 4. See Section 4.2.3. (Var: downtown.) 30 Infill TND: a Village Unit type within an Urbanized, Greyfield, or Brownfield area based on a Standard Pedestrian Shed and consisting of T-3, T-4, and/or T-5 Zones. An Infill TND is permitted By Right (with PUD approval) in the Urban Area outside of TODs with existing urban zoning and is regulated by Article 4. See Section 4.2.2. (Var: neighborhood.) Inn: a Lodging type, owner -occupied, offering 9 to 12 bedrooms, permitted to serve breakfast in the mornings to guests. See Table 7. Layer: a range of depth of a Lot within which certain elements are permitted. See Table 14. Lightwell: A Private Frontage type that is a below -grade entrance or recess designed to allow light into basements. See Table 4. (Syn: light court.) Linear Pedestrian Shed: A Pedestrian Shed that is elongated along an important Mixed Use Corridor such as a main street. A Linear Pedestrian Shed extends approximately 1/4 mile from each side of the Corridor for the length of its Mixed Use portion. The resulting area is shaped like a lozenge. It may be used to structure a TND, RCD, Infill TND, or Infill RCD. (Syn: elongated pedestrian shed.) Liner Building: a building specifically designed to mask a parking lot or a Parking Structure from a Frontage. Live -Work: a Mixed Use unit consisting of a Commercial and Residential Function. The Commercial Function may be anywhere in the unit. It is intended to be occupied by a business operator who lives in the same structure that contains the Commercial activity or industry. See Work -Live. (Syn.: flexhouse.) Lodging: premises available for daily and weekly renting of bedrooms. See Table 7 and Table 9. Long Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed that is an average 1/2 mile radius or 2640 feet, used when a transit stop (bus or rail) is present or proposed as the Common Destination. A Long Pedestrian Shed represents approximately a ten-minute walk at a leisurely pace. It is applied to structure an RCD Village Unit type. See Pedestrian Shed. Lot: a parcel of land accommodating a building or buildings of unified design. The size of a Lot is controlled by its width in order to determine the grain (i.e., fine grain or coarse grain) of the urban fabric. Lot Line: the boundary that legally and geometrically demarcates a Lot. Lot Width: the length of the Principal Frontage Line of a Lot. Main Civic Space: the primary outdoor gathering place for a community. The Main Civic Space is often, but not always, associated with an important Civic Building. Manufacturing: premises available for the creation, assemblage and/or repair of artifacts, using table -mounted electrical machinery or artisanal equipment, and including their Retail sale. Meeting Hall: a building available for gatherings, including conferences, that accommodates at least one room equivalent to a minimum of 10 square feet per projected dwelling unit within the Pedestrian Shed in which it is located. Mixed Use: multiple Functions within the same building through superimposition or adjacency, or in multiple buildings by adjacency, or at a proximity determined by Warrant. 31 Net Site Area: all developable land within a site including transportation corridors but excluding land allocated as Civic Zones. Network Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed adjusted for average walk times along transportation corridors. This type may be used to structure Infill Village Plans. See Table 14. Office: premises available for the transaction of general business but excluding Retail, artisanal and Manufacturing uses. See Table 7. Open Space: land intended to remain undeveloped; it may be for Civic Space. Outbuilding: an ACCESSORY BUILDING, usually located toward the rear of the same Lot as a Principal Building, and sometimes connected to the Principal Building by a BACKBUILDING. See Table 14. Park: a Civic Space type that is a natural preserve available for unstructured recreation. See Table 10. Parking Structure: a building containing one or more Stories of parking above grade. Passage (PS): a pedestrian connector, open or roofed, that passes between buildings to provide shortcuts through long Blocks and connect rear parking areas to Frontages. Path (PT): a pedestrian way traversing a Park or rural area, with landscape matching the contiguous Open Space, ideally connecting directly with the urban Sidewalk network. Pedestrian Shed: An area that is centered on a Common Destination. Its size is related to average walking distances for the applicable Village Unit type. Pedestrian Sheds are applied to structure Communities. See Standard, Long, Linear or Network Pedestrian Shed. (Syn: walkshed, walkable catchment.) Planter: the element of the Public Frontage which accommodates street trees, whether continuous or individual. Plaza: a Civic Space type designed for Civic purposes and Commercial activities in the more urban Transect Zones, generally paved and spatially defined by building Frontages. Principal Building: the main building on a Lot, usually located toward the Frontage. See Table 14. Principal Entrance: the main point of access for pedestrians into a building. Principal Frontage: On corner Lots, the Private Frontage designated to bear the address and Principal Entrance to the building, and the measure of minimum Lot width. Prescriptions for the parking Layers pertain only to the Principal Frontage. Prescriptions for the first Layer pertain to both Frontages of a corner Lot. See Frontage. Private Frontage: the privately held Layer between the Frontage Line and the Principal Building Facade. See Table 4 and Table 14. Public Frontage: the area between the Curb of the vehicular lanes and the Frontage Line. See Table 3A and Table 3B. RCD: see Regional Center Development. Rear Alley (RA): a vehicular way located to the rear of Lots providing access to service areas, parking, and Outbuildings and containing utility easements. Rear Alleys should be paved from building face to building face, with drainage by inverted crown at the center or with roll Curbs at the edges. 32 Rear Lane (RL): a vehicular way located to the rear of Lots providing access to service areas, parking, and Outbuildings and containing utility easements. Rear Lanes may be paved lightly to Driveway standards. The streetscape consists of gravel or landscaped edges, has no raised Curb, and is drained by percolation. Rearyard Building: a building that occupies the full Frontage Line, leaving the rear of the Lot as the sole yard. See Table 6. (Var: Rowhouse, Townhouse, APARTMENT House) Recess Line: a line prescribed for the full width of a Facade, above which there is a Stepback of a minimum distance, such that the height to this line (not the overall building height) effectively defines the enclosure of the Enfronting public space. Var: Extension Line. See Table 5. Regional Center: Regional Center Development or RCD. Regional Center Development (RCD): a Village Unit type structured by a Long Pedestrian Shed or Linear Pedestrian Shed, which may be adjoined without buffers by one or several Standard Pedestrian Sheds, each with the individual Transect Zone requirements of a TND. RCD takes the form of a high -Density Mixed Use center connected to other centers by transit. See Infill RCD, Table 11 a. (Var: town center, downtown. Syn: Regional Center) Regulating Plan: a Zoning Map or set of maps that shows the Transect Zones, Civic Zones, Special Districts if any, and Special Requirements if any, of areas subject to, or potentially subject to, regulation by these Guidelines. Residential: characterizing premises available for long-term human dwelling. Retail: characterizing premises available for the sale of merchandise and food service. See Table 7 and Table 9. Retail Frontage: Frontage designated on a Regulating Plan that requires or recommends the provision of a Shopfront, encouraging the ground level to be available for Retail use. See Special Requirements. Road (RD): a local, rural and suburban Thoroughfare of low -to -moderate vehicular speed and capacity. This type is allocated to the more rural Transect Zones (GB -T3). See Table 2A. Rowhouse: a single-family dwelling that shares a party wall with another of the same type and occupies the full Frontage Line. See Rearyard Building. (Syn: Townhouse) Secondary Frontage: on corner Lots, the Private Frontage that is not the Principal Frontage. As it affects the public realm, its First Layer is regulated. See Table 14. Setback: the area of a Lot measured from the Lot line to a building Facade or Elevation that is maintained clear of permanent structures, with the exception of Encroachments listed in Section 5.7. See Table 11g. (Var: build -to -line.) Shared Parking Factor: an accounting for parking spaces that are available to more than one Function. See Table 8. Shopfront: a Private Frontage conventional for Retail use, with substantial glazing and an awning, wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage Line with the building entrance at Sidewalk grade. See Table 4. Sidewalk: the paved section of the Public Frontage dedicated exclusively to pedestrian activity. 33 Sideyard Building: a building that occupies one side of the Lot with a Setback on the other side. This type can be a Single or Twin depending on whether it abuts the neighboring house. See Table 6. Slip Road: an outer vehicular lane or lanes of a Thoroughfare, designed for slow speeds while inner lanes carry higher speed traffic, and separated from them by a planted median. (Syn: access lane, service lane, frontage road) Specialized Building: a building that is not subject to Residential, Commercial, or Lodging classification. See Table 6. Special District (SD): an area that, by its intrinsic Function, Disposition, or Configuration, cannot or should not conform to one or more of the normative Village Unit types or Transect Zones specified by these Guidelines. Special Districts may be mapped and regulated at the regional scale or the village scale. Special Flood Hazard Area: a designation by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) that may include the V (Velocity) Zones and A Zones where building construction is forbidden, restricted, or contingent upon raising to the Base Flood Elevation. Special Requirements: provisions of Section 3.9, Section 4.7, and Section 5.3 of this Code and/or the associated designations on a Regulating Plan or other map for those provisions. Square: a Civic Space type designed for unstructured recreation and Civic purposes, spatially defined by building Frontages and consisting of Paths, lawns and trees, formally disposed. See Table 10. Standard Pedestrian Shed: a Pedestrian Shed that is an average 1/4 mile radius or 1320 feet, about the distance of a five-minute walk at a leisurely pace. See Pedestrian Shed. Stepback: a building Setback of a specified distance that occurs at a prescribed number of Stories above the ground. See Table 5. Stoop: a Private Frontage wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage Line with the first Story elevated from the Sidewalk for privacy, with an exterior stair and landing at the entrance. See Table 4. Story: a habitable level within a building, excluding an ATTIC or raised basement. See Table 5. Street (ST): a local urban Thoroughfare of low speed and capacity. See Table 2B and Table 3B. Streetscreen: a freestanding wall built along the Frontage Line, or coplanar with the Facade. It may mask a parking lot from the Thoroughfare, provide privacy to a side yard, and/or strengthen the spatial definition of the public realm. (Syn: streetwall.) See Section 5.7.5f. Substantial Modification: alteration to a building that is valued at more than 50% of the replacement cost of the entire building, if new. Swale: a low or slightly depressed natural area for drainage. T-zone: Transect Zone. TDR: Transfer of Development Rights, a method of relocating existing zoning rights from areas to be preserved as Open Space to areas to be more densely urbanized. 34 TDR Receiving Area: an area intended for development that may be made more dense by the transfer of development rights from TDR Sending Areas. TDR Sending Area: an area previously zoned for development within a designated Reserved Open Sector (0-2), from which development rights may be transferred to T-4 or T-5 Zones. Terminated Vista: a location at the axial conclusion of a Thoroughfare. A building located at a Terminated Vista designated on a Regulating Plan is required or recommended to be designed in response to the axis. TND: Traditional Neighborhood Development, a Village Unit type structured by a Standard Pedestrian Shed oriented toward a Common Destination consisting of a Mixed Use center or Corridor, and in the form of a medium-sized settlement near a transportation route. See Table 11a. (Syn: village. Variant: Infill TND, neighborhood.) TOD: Transit Oriented Development. TOD is created by an overlay on all or part of a TND or RCD, or by designation on a Regional Plan, permitting increased Density to support rail or Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as set forth in Section 5.9.24. Townhouse: See Rearyard Building. (Syn: Rowhouse) Transect: a cross-section of the environment showing a range of different habitats. The rural -urban Transect of the human environment used in the SmartCode template is divided into six Transect Zones. These zones describe the physical form and character of a place, according to the Density and intensity of its land use and Urbanism. Transect Zone (T -zone): One of several areas on a Zoning Map regulated by these Guidelines. Transect Zones are administratively similar to the land use zones in conventional codes, except that in addition to the usual building use, Density, height, and Setback requirements, other elements of the intended habitat are integrated, including those of the private Lot and building and Public Frontage. See Table 1. Transportation Corridor: a way for use by vehicular and pedestrian traffic and to provide access to Lots and Open Spaces, consisting of Vehicular Lanes and the Public Frontage. See Table 2A, Table 2B and Table 14a. Turning Radius: the curved edge of a Thoroughfare at an intersection, measured at the inside edge of the vehicular tracking. The smaller the Turning Radius, the smaller the pedestrian crossing distance and the more slowly the vehicle is forced to make the turn. See Table 2B and Table 14. Urban Boundary Line: the extent of potential urban growth as determined by the projected demographic needs of a region. The Urban Boundary Line may be adjusted from time to time. Urbanism: collective term for the condition of a compact, Mixed Use settlement, including the physical form of its development and its environmental, functional, economic, and sociocultural aspects. Urbanized: generally, developed. Specific to the SmartCode, developed at T-3 (Sub -Urban) Density or higher. Variance: a ruling that would permit a practice that is not consistent with either a specific provision or the Intent of this Code (Section 1.3). Variances are granted pursuant to the procedures of the zoning code. See Section 1.5. 35 Village Unit: a regulatory category defining the physical form, Density, and extent of a settlement. The two Village Unit types addressed in this Code are TND and RCD. Variants of TND and RCD for Infill (Article 4) are called Infill TND and Infill RCD. The TOD Village Unit type may be created by an overlay on TND or RCD. Warrant: a ruling that would permit a practice that is not consistent with a specific provision of this Code, but that is justified by its Intent (Section 1.3). Warrants are granted administratively by the Planning Director. See Section 1.5. Work -Live: a Mixed Use unit consisting of a Commercial and Residential Function. It typically has a substantial Commercial component that may accommodate employees and walk-in trade. The unit is intended to function predominantly as work space with incidental Residential accommodations that meet basic habitability requirements. See Live -Work. (Syn: Live -With.) Yield: characterizing a Thoroughfare that has two-way traffic but only one effective travel lane because of parked cars, necessitating slow movement and driver negotiation. Also, characterizing parking on such a Thoroughfare. Zoning Map: the official map or maps that are part of the zoning ordinance and delineate the boundaries of individual zones and districts. See Regulating Plan. 36 SMARTCODE Kona TABLE 1. TRANSECT ZONE DESCRIPTIONS TABLE 1: Transect Zone Descriptions. This table describes of the Intent of each Transect Zone. ■ GB GREENBELT Building Placement: General Character: Natural landscape with some agricultural use - t Building Placement: Not applicable Frontage Types: Not applicable Typical Building Height: Not applicable Type of Civic Space: Parks, Greenways T-3 SUB -URBAN (SECONDARY AREA) G ICht L dl d d A d dt hd 1 f I enera arac er. awns,an an scape yar ssurroun ing e ac e sing e -ami y houses, pedestrians occasionally Building Placement: Large and variable front and side yard Setbacks Frontage Types: Porches, fences, naturalistic tree planting Typical Building Height: 1- to 2 -Story with some 3 -Story I IL Type of Civic Space: Parks, Greenways T-4 GENERAL URBAN General Character: Mix of Houses, Townhouses & small Apartment buildings, with scattered Commercial activity, balance between landscape and T ' i buildings, presence of pedestrians t • Building Placement: Shallow to medium front and side yard Setbacks Frontage Types: Porches, fences, Dooryards Typical Building Height: 2- to 3 -Story with a few taller Mixed Use buildings Type of Civic Space: Squares, Greens WT-5 URBAN CENTER General Character: ' Building Placement: Frontage Types: Typical Building Height M_W _ q Type of Civic Space: Shops rmxedwith Townhouses, IargerApartment houses, Offices, workplace, and Civic buildings, predominantly attached build- ings, trees within the public right-of-way, substantial pedestrian activity Shallow Setbacks or none, buildings oriented to street defining a street wall Stoops, Shopfronts, Galleries 3- to 5 -Story with some variation Parks, Plazas and Squares, median landscaping SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 S c i TABLE 2A. VEHICULAR LANE DIMENSIONS SMARTCODE Kona TABLE 2A: Vehicular Lane Dimensions. This table assigns lane widths to Transect Zones. The Design ADT (Average Daily Traffic) is the determinant for each of these sections. The most typical assemblies are shown in Table 2B. Specific requirements for truck and transit bus routes and truck loading shall be decided by Warrant. DESIGN SPEED TRAVEL LANE WIDTHme-junukil ® BY RIGHT Below 20 mph 8 feet 20-25 mph 9 feet Fm - 25 -35 mph 10 feet 25-35 mph 11 feet Above 35 mph 12 feet DESIGN SPEED PARKING LANE WIDTH 20-25 mph (Angle ) 18 feet 20-25 mph (Parallel) 7 feet 25-35 mph (Parallel) 8 feet Above 35 mph (Parallel) 9 feet DESIGN SPEED EFFECTIVE TURNING RADIUS (See Table 17b) Below 20 mph 5-10 feet 20-25 mph 10-15 feet 25-35 mph 15-20 feet Above 35 mph 20-30 feet ® m N BY WARRANT S"' 2 SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 SMARTCODE TABLE 2B. VEHICULAR LANE & PARKING ASSEMBLIES Kona TABLE 2B: Vehicular Lane & Parking Assemblies. The projected design speeds determine the dimensions of the vehicular lanes and turning radii assembled for Transportation Corridors. ONE WAY MOVEMENT TWO WAY MOVEMENT a. NO■ PARKING H IBte I x4l r , s1 PFI 4 : , 4;4 , b;4 W W, in W Design ADT 300 VPD 600 VPD 2,500 VPD 22,000 VPD 36,000 VPD Pedestrian Crossing 3 Seconds 5 Seconds 5 Seconds 9 Seconds 13 Seconds Design Speed 1 20-30 MPH I Below 20 MPH 1 2O-25 MPH 1 1 35 MPH and above b. YIELD PARKING I I 4 b4 I I Design ADT 1,000 VPD 1,000 VPD Pedestrian Crossing 5 Seconds 7 Seconds c. PARKING vim ONE SIDE PARALLEL7t% Y, e 'Y Irt°� I� 4 I' I' ' Design ADT 5,000 VPD 18,000 VPD 16,000 VPD 15,000 VPD 32,000 VPD Pedestrian Crossing 5 Seconds 8 Seconds 8 Seconds 11 Seconds 13 Seconds Design Speed 20-30 MPH 25-30 MPH 25-30 MPH d. PARKING BOTH SIDESfl, eIt°H1 8 " S8 ,a � , � PARALLEL I44I Ib14Ib4b44' 19'112' Design ADT 8,000 VPD 20,000 VPD 15,000 VPD 22,000 VPD 32,000 VPD Pedestrian Crossing 7 Seconds 10 Seconds 10 Seconds 13 Seconds 15 Seconds Design Speed Below 20 MPH 25-30 MPH 25-30 MPH 25-30 MPH 35 MPH and above e. PARKING BOTH SIDES DIAGONAL eley ej--ay ej--e� a' ,zed e' ,r ,� a ,ate 44�4�4 Design ADT 18,000 VPD 20,000 VPD 15,000 VPD 22,000 VPD 31,000 VPD Pedestrian Crossing 15 Seconds 17 Seconds 17 Seconds 20 Seconds 23 Seconds Design Speed Below 20 MPH 2O-25 MPH 2O-25 MPH 25-30 MPH 25-30 MPH f. PARKING ACCESS b b4 Design ADT Pedestrian Crossing 3 Seconds 6 Seconds Design Speed SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 S C 3 TABLE 3A. PUBLIC FRONTAGES - GENERAL SMARTCODE Kona TABLE 3A: Public Frontages - General. The Public Frontage is the area between the private Lot line and the edge of the vehicular lanes. Dimensions are given in Table 3B. a. (HW) For Highway: This Frontage has open Swales drained by percolation, Bicycle Trails and no parking. The landscaping consists of the natural condition or multiple species arrayed in naturalistic clusters. Buildings are buffered by distance or berms. b. (RD) For Road: This Frontage has open Swales drained by percolation and a walk- ing Path or Bicycle Trail along one or both sides and Yield parking. The landscaping consists of multiple species arrayed in naturalistic clusters. c. (ST) For Street: This Frontage has raised Curbs drained by inlets and Sidewalks separated from the vehicular lanes by individual or continuous Planters, with parking on one or both sides. The landscaping consists of street trees of a single or alternat- ing species aligned in a regularly spaced Allee. d.(DR) For Drive: This Frontage has raised Curbs drained by inlets and awide Sidewalk or paved Path along one side, related to a Greenwayorwaterfront. It is separated from the vehicular lanes by individual or continuous Planters. The landscaping consists of street trees of a single or alternating species aligned in a regularly spaced AIIee. e. (AV) For Avenue: This Frontage has raised Curbs drained by inlets and wide Sidewalks separated from the vehicular lanes by a narrow continuous Planter with parking on both sides. The landscaping consists of a single tree species aligned in a regularly spaced AIIee. f. (CS) (AV) For Commercial Street or Avenue: This Frontage has raised Curbs drained by inlets and very wide Sidewalks along both sides separated from the vehicular lanes by separate tree wells with grates and parking on both sides. The landscaping consists of a single tree species aligned with regular spacing where possible but clears the storefront entrances. g. (BV) For Boulevard: This Frontage has Slip Roads on both sides. It consists of raised Curbs drained by inlets and Sidewalks along both sides, separated from the vehicular lanes by Planters. The landscaping consists of double rows of a single tree species aligned in a regularly spaced AIIee. PLAN LOT ► 1 -4 R. OW PRIVATE FRONTAGE 01 1 -4 PUBLIC FRONTAGE LIE Sv4 SMARTCODEVERSION 9.0 SMARTCODE TABLE 3B. PUBLIC FRONTAGES - SPECIFIC Kona TABLE 3B: Public Frontages - Specific. This table assembles prescriptions and dimensions for the Public Frontage elements - Curbs, walkways and Planters — relative to specific Transportation Corridors within Transect Zones. Table 313-a assembles all of the elements for the various street types. Locally appropriate planting species should be filled in to the calibrated Code. R U R A L I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I T R A N S E C T I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I U R B A N TRANSECT ZONE Public Frontage Type HW & RD FR MD & ST ST -DR -AV ST -DR -AV -BV CS -DR -AV -BV CS -DR -AV -BV a. Assembly: The prin- i• cipal variables are the i i type and dimension of Curbs, walkways, Plant- ers and landscape. D Total Width 16-24 feet 12-24 feel 12-18 feet 12-18 feet 1 18-24 feet 18-30 feet b. Curb: The detailing of the edge of the vehicular i pavement, incorporating — — drainage. Type Open Swale Open Swale Raised Curb Raised Curb Raised Curb Raised Curb Radius 10-30 feet 10-30 feet 5-20 feet 5-20 feet 5-20 feet 5-20 feet c. Walkway: The pavement M/WTi dedicated exclusively to i pedestrian activity. Pjz_� _._.i i i J _.J ._._.J Type Path Optional Path Sidewalk Sidewalk Sidewalk Sidewalk Width n/a 4-8 feet 4-8 feet 4-8 feet 12-20 feet 12-30 feet d. Planter: The layeri which accommodates CE street trees and other i landscape. Arrangement Clustered Clustered Regular Regular Regular Opportunistic Species Multiple Multiple Alternating Single Single Single Planter Type Continuous Swale Continuous Swale Continuous Planter Continuous Planter Continuous Planter Tree Well Planter Width 8 feet -16 feet 8 feet -16 feet 8 feet -12 feet 8 feet -12 feet 4 feet -6 feet 4 feet -6 feet e. Landscape: The recom- mended plant species. (See Table 6) f. Lighting: The recom- mended Public Lighting. (See Table 5) SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 S V 5 TABLE 4. PRIVATE FRONTAGES TABLE 4: Private Frontages. The Private Frontage is the area between the building Facades and the Lot lines. a. Common Yard: a planted Frontage wherein the Facade is set back substantially from the Frontage Line. The front yard created remains unfenced and is visually continuous with adjacent yards, supporting a common landscape. The deep Setback provides a buffer from the higher speed Transportation Corridor. b. Porch & Fence: a planted Frontage wherein the Facade is set back from the Frontage Line with an attached porch permitted to Encroach. A fence at the Frontage Line maintains street spatial definition. Porches shall be no less than 8 feet deep. c. Terrace or Lightwell: a Frontage wherein the Facade is set back from the Frontage line by an elevated Terrace or a sunken Light- well. This type buffers Residential use from urban Sidewalks and removes the private yard from public Encroachment. Terraces are suitable for conversion to outdoor cafes. Syn: Dooryard. d. Forecourt: a Frontage wherein a portion of the Facade is close to the Frontage Line and the central portion is setback. The Forecourt created is suitable for vehicular drop-offs. This type should be allocated in conjunction with other Frontage types. Large trees within the Forecourts may overhang the Sidewalks. e. Stoop: a Frontage wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage Line with the first Story elevated from the Sidewalk sufficiently to secure privacy for the windows. The entrance is usually an exterior stair and landing. This type is recommended for ground -floor Residential use. f. Shopfront: a Frontage wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage Line with the building entrance at Sidewalk grade. This type is conventional for Retail use. It has a substantial glazing on the Sidewalk level and an awning that should overlap the Sidewalk to within 2 feet of the Curb. Syn: Retail Frontage. g. Gallery: a Frontage wherein the Facade is aligned close to the Frontage line with an attached cantilevered shed or a lightweight colonnade overlapping the Sidewalk. This type is conventional for Retail use. The Gallery shall be no less than 10 feetwide and should overlap the Sidewalk to within 2 feet of the Curb. h. Arcade: a Frontage wherein the Facade is a colonnade that overlaps the Sidewalk, while the Facade at Sidewalk level remains at the Frontage Line. This type is conventional for Retail use. The Arcade shall be no less than 12 feet wide and should overlap the Sidewalk to within 2 feet of the Curb. SMARTCODE Kona SECTION PLAN LOT ► R.O.W. LOT ► R.O.W. PRIVATE ► PUBLIC PRIVATE ► PUBLIC FRONTAGE FRONTAGE FRONTAGE FRONTAGE I I • I SCIS SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 SMARTCODE Kona TABLE 5. BUILDING CONFIGURATION TABLE 5: Building Configuration. This table shows the Configurations for different building heights for each Transect Zone. It must be modi- fied to show actual calibrated heights for local conditions. Recess Lines and Expression Lines shall occur on higher buildings as shown. N = maximum height as specified in Table 11 k. 1. Building height shall be measured in number of Stories, excluding Attics and raised basements. Height limits also do not apply to masts, bel- fries, clock towers, chimney flues, water tanks, elevator bulkheads and similar structures. 2. Stories may not exceed 14 feet in height from finished floor to finished floor, except for a first floor Commercial Func- tion, which shall be a minimum of 11 feet and may be a maximum of 25 feet. 3. Height shall be measured from the average Enfronting Sidewalk grade to the upper- most eave of a main pitched roof (not of a dormer), or to the uppermost roof deck (not the top of parapet) of a flat roof. SMAFTCODE VERSION 9.0 SC7 TABLE 6. BUILDING DISPOSITION SMARTCODE Kona TABLE 6: Building Disposition. This table approximates the location of the structure relative to the boundaries of each individual Lot, estab- lishing suitable basic building types for each Transect Zone. a. Edgeyard: Specific Types - single family House, cottage, villa, estate house, urban villa. A building that occupies the center of its Lot with Setbacks on all sides. This is the least urban of types as the front yard sets it back from the Frontage, while the side yards weaken the spatial definition of the public Transportation Corridor space. The front yard is intended to be visually continuous with the yards of adjacent buildings. The rear yard can be secured for privacy by fences and a well-placed Backbuilding and/or Outbuilding. b. Sideyard: SpecificTypes- Charleston single House, double house, zero -lot -line house, twin. A building that occupies one side of the Lot with the Setback to the other side. A shallow Frontage Setback defines a more urban condition. If the adjacent building is similar with a blank party wall, the yard can be quite private. This type permits systematic climatic orientation in response to the sun or the breeze. If a Sideyard House abuts a neighboring Sideyard House, the type is known as a twin or double House. Energy costs, and sometimes noise, are reduced by sharing a party wall in this Disposition. c. Rearyard: Specific Types - Townhouse, Rowhouse, Live -Work unit, loft building, Apartment House, Mixed Use block, Flex Building, perimeter block. A building that occupies the full Frontage, leaving the rear of the Lot as the sole yard. This is a very urban type as the continuous Facade steadily defines the public Thoroughfare. The rear Elevations may be articulated for functional purposes. In its Residential form, this type is the Rowhouse. For its Commercial form, the rear yard can accommodate substantial parking. d. Courtyard: Specific Types - patio house. A building that occupies the boundaries of its Lot while internally defining one or more private patios. This is the most urban of types, as it is able to shield the private realm from all sides while strongly defining the public Transportation Corridor. Because of its ability to accommodate incompatible activities, masking them from all sides, it is recommended for workshops, Lodging and schools. The high security provided by the continuous enclosure is useful for crime -prone areas. e. Specialized: A building that is not subject to categorization. Buildings dedicated to manufacturing and transportation are often distorted by the trajectories of machinery. Civic buildings, which may express the aspirations of institutions, may be included. I -•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•i I I I I -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.J T5 I SCR SMARTCODEVERSION 9.0 SMARTCODE TABLES 7 & 8. BUILDING FUNCTION & PARKING CALCULATIONS Kona TABLE 9: Building Function - General. This table categorizes Building Functions within Transect Zones. Parking requirements are correlated to functional intensity. For Specific Function and Use permitted By Right or by Warrant, see Table 9. TABLE 8: Parking Calculations. The Required Parking table summarizes the parking requirements of Table 7 for each site or, conversely, the amount of building allowed on each site given the parking available. REQUIRED PARKING (See Table 8) RESIDENTIAL 2.0 / dwelling 1.5 / dewlling 1.0 /dwelling LODGING 1.0 / bedroom 1.0 / bedroom 1.0 /bedroom OFFICE 3.0 / 1000 sq. ft. 3.0 / 1000 sq. ft. 2.0 / 1000 sq. ft. RETAIL 4.0 / 1000 sq. ft. 4.0 / 1000 sq. ft. 3.0 / 1000 sq. ft. CIVIC To be determined by Warrant OTHER Tobe determined by Warrant SHARED PARKING FACTOR Function with Function REIRETAIL alARETAIL NTIAL G SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 S "' " a. RESIDENTIAL Restricted Residential: The number of Limited Residential:The number of Open Residential:The number of dwellings on each Lot is restricted to one dwellings on each Lot is limited by the dwellings on each Lot is limited by the within a Principal Building and one within requirementof 1.5parking places foreach requirementof1.0parkingplaces foreach an Accessory Building, with 2.0 parking dwelling, a ratio which may be reduced dwelling, a ratio which may be reduced places for each. Both dwellings shall be according to the shared parking standards according to the shared parking standards under single ownership. The habitable (See Table 8). (See Table 8). area of the Accessory dwelling shall not exceed 500 square feet. b. LODGING Restricted Lodging: Thenumberofbed-Limited Lodging: The number of bed- Open Lodging:Thenumber ofbedrooms rooms available on each Lot for lodging is rooms available on each Lot for lodging is available on each Lot for lodging is limited limited by the requirement of 1.0 assigned limited by the requirement of 1.0 assigned by the requirementof1.0assignedparking parking place foreach bedroom, up tofive, parking places for each bedroom, up to places for each bedroom. Food service in addition to the parking requirement for twelve, in addition to the parking require- may be provided at all times. The area the dwelling. The Lodging must be owner ment for the dwelling. The Lodging must allocated for food service shall be calcu- occupied. Food service may be provided be owner occupied.Food service may be lated and provided with parking according in the a.m. The maximum length of stay provided in the a.m. The maximum length to Retail Function. shall not exceed ten days. of stay shall not exceed ten days. c. OFFICE Restricted Office: The building area Limited Office: The building area available Open Office: The building area available available for office use on each Lot is for office use on each Lot is limited to the for office use on each Lot is limited by the restricted to the first Story of the Principal first Story of the principal building and/ requirementof 2.0 assignedparking places or the Accessory Building and by the or to the Accessory building, and by the per 1000 square feet of net office space. requirementof 3.0 assignedparking places requirement of 3.0 assigned parking places per 1000 square feet of net office space per 1000 square feet of net office space in addition to the parking requirement for in addition to the parking requirement for each dwelling. each dwelling. d. RETAIL Restricted Retail: The building area avail- Limited Retail: The building area available Open Retail: The building area available ableforRetail useis restricted to one Block for Retail use is limited to the first Story for Retail use is limitedbythe requirement corner location at the first Story for each of buildings at corner locations, not more of 3.0 assigned parking places per 1000 300 dwelling units and by the requirement than one per Block, and bythe requirement square feet of net Retail space. Retail of 4.0 assigned parking places per 1000 of 4.0 assigned parking places per 1000 spaces under 1500 square feet are exempt square feet of net Retail space in addition to square feet of net Retail space in addition from parking requirements. the parking requirement of each dwelling. totheparkingrequirementofeach dwelling. The specific use shall be further limited to The specific use shall be further limited to neighborhood store, or food service seating neighborhood store, or food service seating no more than 20. no more than 40. e. CIVIC See Table 9 See Table 9 See Table 9 f. OTHER �SeeTable See Table 9 See Table 9 TABLE 8: Parking Calculations. The Required Parking table summarizes the parking requirements of Table 7 for each site or, conversely, the amount of building allowed on each site given the parking available. REQUIRED PARKING (See Table 8) RESIDENTIAL 2.0 / dwelling 1.5 / dewlling 1.0 /dwelling LODGING 1.0 / bedroom 1.0 / bedroom 1.0 /bedroom OFFICE 3.0 / 1000 sq. ft. 3.0 / 1000 sq. ft. 2.0 / 1000 sq. ft. RETAIL 4.0 / 1000 sq. ft. 4.0 / 1000 sq. ft. 3.0 / 1000 sq. ft. CIVIC To be determined by Warrant OTHER Tobe determined by Warrant SHARED PARKING FACTOR Function with Function REIRETAIL alARETAIL NTIAL G SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 S "' " TABLE 9. SPECIFIC FUNCTION & USE SMARTCODE TABLE 9: Specific Function & Use. This table expands the categories of Table 7 to delegate specific Functions and uses within Transect Zones. Table 9 should be customized for local character and requirements. a. RESIDENTIAL WWWf. OTHER: AGRICULTURE ON WWW93 Mixed Use Block Livestock Pen Automobile Service Flex Building Retail Building Convention Center Apartment Building Elementary School Display Gallery Live/Work Unit Conference Center Row House Kennel Shopping Center Duplex House Kiosk N Courtyard House Push Cart Sideyard House Mini -Storage Cottage Library House Adult Entertainment Villa Accessory Unit Movie Theater b. LODGING Hotel (no room limit) Inn (up to 12 rooms) Bed & Breakfast (up to 5 roams) S.R.O. hostel School Dormitory c. OFFICE Office Building Live -Work Unit d. RETAIL Open -Market Building Livestock Pen Automobile Service Retail Building Convention Center Drive -Through Facility Elementary School Display Gallery Stable Conference Center Restaurant Kennel Shopping Center Exhibition Center Kiosk N Warehouse Push Cart Mini -Storage Liquor Selling Establishment Library Adult Entertainment Live Theater e. CIVIC Bus Shelter Livestock Pen Automobile Service Truck Maintenance Convention Center Drive -Through Facility Elementary School Rest Stop Stable Conference Center Billboard Kennel Shopping Center Exhibition Center Shopping Mall N Warehouse Fountain or Public Art Mini -Storage Library Live Theater Movie Theater Museum Outdoor Auditorium Parking Structure Passenger Terminal Playground Sports Stadium Surface Parking Lot Religious Assembly Grain Storage Livestock Pen Automobile Service Truck Maintenance Greenhouse Drive -Through Facility Elementary School Rest Stop Stable Roadside Stand Billboard Kennel Shopping Center Shopping Mall f. OTHER: AUTOMOTIVE Gasoline High School Automobile Service Truck Maintenance Drive -Through Facility Elementary School Rest Stop Roadside Stand Billboard Shopping Center Shopping Mall N f. OTHER: CIVIL SUPPORT Fire Station High School Light Industrial Facility Police Station Laboratory Facility Elementary School Cemetery Other- Childcare Center Funeral Home Wireless Transmitter Hospital Warehouse Medical Clinic Mini -Storage f. OTHER: EDUCATION College High School Light Industrial Facility Trade School Laboratory Facility Elementary School Water Supply Facility Other- Childcare Center Electric Substation f. OTHER: INDUSTRIAL Heavy Industrial Facility Light Industrial Facility Truck Depot Laboratory Facility Water Supply Facility Sewer and Waste Facility Electric Substation Wireless Transmitter Cremation Facility Warehouse Produce Storage Mini -Storage m BY RIGHT IN BY WARRANT Sc 1 O SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 SMARTCODE Kona a. Park: A natural preserve available for unstructured recreation. A Park may be independent of surrounding building Frontages. Its landscape shall consist of Paths and trails, meadows, waterbodies, woodland and open shelters, all naturalistically disposed. Parks may be lineal, following the trajectories of natural Corridors. The minimum size shall be 8 acres. Larger Parks may be approved by Warrant as Special Districts in all zones. b. Green: An Open Space, available for unstructured recreation. A Green may be spatially defined by landscaping rather than building Frontages. Its landscape shall consist of lawn and trees, naturalistically disposed. The minimum size shall be 1/2 acre and the maximum shall be 8 acres. c. Square: An Open Space available for unstructured recreation and Civic purposes. A Square is spatially defined by building Frontages. Its landscape shall consist of Paths, lawns and trees, formally disposed. Squares shall be located at the inter- section of important Thoroughfares. The minimum size shall be 1/2 acre and the maximum shall be 5 acres. d. Plaza: An Open Space available for Civic purposes and Commercial activities. A Plaza shall be spatially defined by building Frontages. Its landscape shall consist primarily of pavement. Trees are optional. Plazas should be located at the intersec- tion of important streets. The minimum size shall be 1/2 acre and the maximum shall be 2 acres. e. Playground: An Open Space designed and equipped for the recreation of children. A playground should be fenced and may include an open shelter. Playgrounds shall be interspersed within Residential areas and may be placed within a Block. Playgrounds may be included within parks and greens. There shall be no minimum or maximum size. TABLE 10. CIVIC SPACE SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 SC 11 TABLE 11. SMARTCODE SUMMARY SMARTCODE Note: All ments in are subje bration foi text. S`' 1 ` SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 SMARTCODE (see Table 1) BUILDING FUNCTION (see Table 7 & Table 9) a. Residential restricted use b. Lodging restricted use c. Office restricted use d. Retail restricted use BUILDING CONFIGURATION (see Table 5) a. Principal Building 2 stories max. b. Outbuilding LOT OCCUPATION 2 stories max. a. Lot Width 72 ft. min 120 ft. max. b. Lot Coverage 60% max. BUILDING DISPOSITION (see Table 6) a. Edgeyard permitted b. Sideyard not permitted c. Rearyard not permitted d. Courtyard not permitted SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BUILDING a. Front Setback (P) 24 ft. min. b. Front Setback (S) 12 ft. min. c. Side Setback 12 ft. min. d. Rear Setback 12 ft. min. Frontage Buildout SETBACKS -OUTBUILDING 40% min. at setback a. Front Setback 20ft.min. +bldgselbadc b. Side Setback 3 ft. or 6 ft. min. c. Rear Setback 3 ft. min. PRIVATE FRONTAGES (see Table 4 a. Common Law permitted b. Porch & Fence permitted c. Terrace or L.C. not permitted d. Forecourt not permitted e. Stoop not permitted f. Shopfront & Awning not permitted g. Gallery not permitted h. Arcade not permitted Refer to Summary Table 11 PARKING REQUIREMENTS See Table 7 & Table 8 .or 15 ft. from center line of alley Graphics are illustrative only. Refer to metrics for Setback and height information. "N" stands for any Stories above those shown, up to the maximum. Refer to metrics for exact minimums and maximums. TABLE 12A. FORM -BASED CODE GRAPHICS - T3 BUILDING CONFIGURATION 1. Building height shall be mea- sured in number of Stories, exclud- ing Attics and raised basements. 2. Stories may not exceed 14 feet in height from finished floor to finished ceiling, except for a first floor Commercial function which must be a minumum of 11 ft with no maximum. 3. Height shall be measured to the eave or roof deck as specified on Table 5. SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BLDG. 1. The Facades and Elevations of Principal Buildings shall be distanced from the Lot lines as shown. 2. Facades shall be built along the Principal Frontage to the minimum specified width in the table. SETBACKS - OUTBUILDING 1. The Elevation of the Outbuilding shall be distanced from the Lot lines as shown. PARKING PLACEMENT 1. Uncovered parking spaces may be provided within the 2nd and 3rd Layer as shown in the diagram (see Table 14d). 2. Covered parking shall be pro- vided within the 3rd Layer as shown in the diagram (see Table 14d). 3. Trash containers shall be stored within the 3rd Layer. • •.+, Max. heightN Max. 2 height Il 1 1 i -- - - - --- - --_T -- Front(S) i Front (P) I --------------- Front (P) -------------- Front(P) I I i Rear I 4 -- Rear I I Side I L._._._._._._._._._._. J I I 20 ft. N . I I I I I Side r- - - - r - -'-'r•-'-----'- - I I i I o► 20 ft i= I I I - I a I i I I I I -1st-.- L.-2nd-._.L_._._._._.3,d- Layer Layer Layer Comer Lot Condition Mid -Block Condition Corner Lot Sear ! Condition ► I� I ( — I Rear i, Mid -Block Condition I I I SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 S C 13 TABLE 12B. FORM -BASED CODE GRAPHICS - T4 (see Table 1) BUILDING FUNCTION (see Table 7 & Table 9) a. Residential limited use b. Lodging limited use c. Office limited use d. Retail limited use BUILDING CONFIGURATION (see Table 5) a. Principal Building 1 3 stories max, 2 min b. Outbuilding LOT OCCUPATION 2 stories max. a. Lot Width 18 ft. min 96 ft. max. b. Lot Coverage 70% max. BUILDING DISPOSITION (see Table 6) a. Edgeyard permitted b. Sideyard permitted c. Rearyard permitted d. Courtyard not permitted SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BUILDING a. Front Setback (P) 6 ft. min. 18 ft. max. b. Front Setback (S) 6 ft. min. 18 ft. max. c. Side Setback Oft. min. d. Rear Setback 3ft. min.` Frontage Buildout SETBACKS -OUTBUILDING 60% min. at setback a. Front Setback 24fl.min. +bldgselbad b. Side Setback 0 ft. or 3 ft. min. c. Rear Setback 3 ft. min. PRIVATE FRONTAGES see Table 4 a. Common Law not permitted b. Porch & Fence permitted c. Terrace or L.C. permitted d. Forecourt permitted e. Stoop permitted f. Shopfront &Awning permitted g. Gallery permitted h. Arcade not permitted Refer to SummaryTable 14 PARKING REQUIREMENTS See Table 7 & Table 8 .or 15 ft. from center line of alley Graphics are illustrative only. Refer to metrics for Setback and height information. "N" stands for any Stories above those shown, up to the maximum. Refer to metrics for exact minimums and maximums. I "1111111111111149661111 Cela 2.1111111111] 1 1. Building height shall be mea- sured in number of Stories, exclud- ing Attics and raised basements. 2. Stories may not exceed 14 feet in height from finished floor to finished ceiling, except for a first floor Commercial function which must be a minumum of 11 ft with no maximum. 3. Height shall be measured to the eave or roof deck as specified on Table 5. SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BLDG. 1. The Facades and Elevations of Principal Buildings shall be distanced from the Lot lines as shown. 2. Facades shall be built along the Principal Frontage to the minimum specified width in the table. SETBACKS - OUTBUILDING 1. The Elevations of the Outbuilding shall be distanced from the Lot lines as shown. PARKING PLACEMENT 1. Uncovered parking spaces may be provided within the 3rd Layer as shown in the diagram (see Table 14d). 2. Covered parking shall be pro- vided within the 3rd Layer as shown in the diagram (see Table 14d). 3. Trash containers shall be stored within the 3rd Layer. SMARTCODE I Front (S) R ► Comer Lot Condition Side i I Mid -Block r Condition i 3rd Layer 1st 2nd 3rd Layer Layer Layer SC 14 SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 l o'd�. i R Corner Lot Condition I I 201 It i ti---------- Mid -Block I I 1 `c,el i Condition LLI I( I I V Side � 3rd Layer 1st 2nd 3rd Layer Layer Layer SC 14 SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 SMARTCODE (see Table 1) BUILDING FU NCT ION (see Table 7 & Table 9) a. Residential open use b. Lodging open use c. Office open use d. Retail open use BUILDING CONFIGURATION (see Table 5) a. Principal Building 5 stories max, 2 min. b. Outbuilding LOT OCCUPATION 2 stories max. a. Lot Width 18 ft. min 180 ft. max. b. Lot Coverage 80% max. BUILDING DISPOSITION (see Table 6) a. Edgeyard not permitted b. Sideyard permitted c. Rearyard permitted d. Courtyard permitted SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BUILDING a. Front Setback (P) Oft. min. 12 ft. max. b. Front Setback (S) Oft. min. 12 ft. max. c. Side Setback Oft. min. 24 ft. max. d. Rear Setback 3ft. min.` Frontage Buildout SETBACKS -OUTBUILDING 80% min. at setback a. Front Setback 40 ft. max. from rear prop. b. Side Setback 0 ft. c. Rear Setback 3 ft. max. PRIVATE FRONTAGES see Table 4 a. Common Law not permitted b. Porch & Fence not permitted c. Terrace or L.C. not permitted d. Forecourt permitted e. Stoop permitted f. Shopfront &Awning permitted g. Gallery permitted h. Arcade permitted Refer to Summary Table 11 PARKING REQUIREMENTS See Table 7 & Table 8 or 15 ft. from center line of alley Graphics are illustrative only. Refer to metrics for Setback and height information. "N" stands for any Stories above those shown, up to the maximum. Refer to metrics for exact minimums and maximums. TABLE 12C. FORM -BASED CODE GRAPHICS - T5 BUILDING CONFIGURATION 1. Building height shall be mea- sured in number of Stories, exclud- ing Attics and raised basements. 2. Stories may not exceed 14 feet in height from finished floor to finished ceiling, except for a first floor Commercial function which must be a minumum of 11 ft with no maximum. 3. Height shall be measured to the eave or roof deck as specified on Table 5. 4. Expression Lines shall be as shown on Table 5. SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BLDG. 1. The Facades and Elevations of Principal Buildings shall be distanced from the Lot lines as shown. 2. Facades shall be built along the Principal Frontage to the minimum specified width in the table. SETBACKS - OUTBUILDING 1. The Elevation of the Outbuilding shall be distanced from the Lot lines as shown. PARKING PLACEMENT 1. Uncovered parking spaces may be provided within the 2nd and 3rd Layer as shown in the diagram (see Table 14d). 2. Covered parking shall be pro- vided within the 3rd Layer as shown in the diagram (see Table 14d). 3. Trash containers shall be stored within the 3rd Layer. '—'—'—'—'---'—'Front ■ I I Corner Lot ■ Ia m4 j LL '2I Condition j Mid -Block ■ la I i-2'1 I' Condition e LLL Side r—r —-------- --------�Z----- P I I j a j Comer Lot = 04 40 fl. max. N Condition o ILL ;, I l a I I Mid -Block j o 31 max. .114 1 Condition I ILL j I `1V Side Frontage I I I I I I I j J H�� 1 4 0 1st 2nd 3rd Layer Layer Layer SMARTCODE VERSION 9.0 S C 15 TABLE 13. SPECIAL DISTRICT STANDARDS SMARTCODE TABLE 13: Special District Standards. The metrics for each column of this table (SD1, SD2, etc.) are to be filled in for each Special District as they currently exist, or as they are permitted. More pages can be added. Special Districts that do not have provisions within this Code shall be governed by the standards of the pre-existing zoning. I I I I I I I a. ALLOCATION OF ZONES CLD X TND X TOD X b. BASE RESIDENTIAL DENSITY By Right X By TDR X Other Functions X Block Perimeter I X d.THOROUGHFARES HW BV AVX CSX DR ST RD RearLane X Rear Alley Al leyX Path X Passage BicycleTrail BicycleLane X BicycleRoute e. CIVIC SPACES Park X Gree Square Pl— X Playground Lot Width X Lot Coverage X g. SETBACKS - PRINCIPAL BUILDING Front Setback X Side Setback X Rear Setback X h. BUILDING DISPOSITION Edgeyard X Sideyard X Rearyard X i. PRIVATE FRONTAGES Common Yard X Porch 8 Fence X Terrace or L.C. X Forecourt X Stoop X Shopfront X Gallery X Arcade X Parking Lot X j. BUILDING CONFIGURATION Principal Buildingi X Outbuilding I X k. BUILDING FUNCTION Residential Lodging Office SC 16 SNA RTCODE VERSION 9.0 SMARTCODE a. TRANSPORTATION CORRIDORS &FRONTAGES TABLE 14. DEFINITIONS ILLUSTRATED Building Private Public Vehicular Public Private Building Frontage I Frontage Lanes Frontage I Frontage Private Lot b. TURNING RADIUS I I � I � i 2\ I I m � i J J ` C � Z5 0 CL/ cG Transportation Corridor (R.O.W.) T Private Lot c. BUILDING DISPOSITION I I I I I � I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I _._._._._._.l._._......... J / 1 -Radius at the Curb 2 -Effective Turning Radius (± 8 ft) d. LOT LAYERS i I I I I �I I � I j Punapal krontage _._._._._._.l._._._._._._.� 1- Principal Building 2- Backbuilding 3- Outbuilding e. FRONTAGE & LOT LINES - ..........—.i.—............ 3rd layer 4 4 I I I I I 2 1 w 4 4 i 4 3 i 2nd layer j o I i 1 -Frontage Line 3 ! 3 i 2 -Lot Line 1 st layer I I 3 -Facades 4 -Elevations 1 -Front Setback 2 -Side Setback 3 -Rear Setback g. NETWORK PEDESTRIAN SHED SMARTCDDE VERSION 9.0 S " 1 7 ATTACHMENT C Clustered Rural Subdivision Guidelines ATTACHMENT G CLUSTERED RURAL SUBDIVISION GUIDELINES 1. Purpose and Intent. It is the purpose of these guidelines to provide a flexible procedure to identify and preserve open space while maintaining the existing density of residential units for the overall site area. "Neutral density" is achieved by allowing smaller individual owned residential lots that include or are adjacent to aesthetically and ecologically important areas. Individually owned residential lots and the importance of preserving rural open space is as follows: A. Protection of significant ecological, cultural, scenic, recreational, and agricultural areas in perpetuity; B. Prevention of flooding, erosion, and water pollution, and protecting the quality and quantity of drinking water; C. Promoting a more compact form of development. 2. Applicability. These guidelines apply to a special type of "Planned Unit Development" (PUD) for North and South Kona for lands outside the Urban Area zoned Agricultural, Intensive Agricultural, Family Agricultural, or Rural -Agricultural. The guidelines supplement the requirements and procedures for PUDs and subdivisions set forth in the Zoning Code, Subdivision Code, and Planning Department Rules. 3. Review Procedure. The following procedures specify the role of the Design Center, and integrate the PUD and subdivision review procedures. A. Pre -Application Meeting at the Design Center. Submittals. Be prepared to discuss the following 4 -step process: a) Step 1: Delineation of Open Space Lands. Prepare an Existing Resources and Site Analysis Map (Exhibit 1), prepared by a licensed surveyor or engineer, that contains at a minimum the following: 1) Base information i. Property boundaries ii. All watercourses and other hydrologic features iii. Topographic contours of no less than 10 -foot intervals iv. Vegetation characteristics (e.g. Land Cover) v. Existing infrastructure (road, water, sewer, etc.) vi. Existing structures vii. Identification of surrounding zoning, existing land use, and ownership 2) Primary Resource Areas. The lands listed below are considered to constitute lands that serve important ecological purposes and possess beneficial environmental qualities contributing to the health of the local community and shall be conserved and protected to the maximum amount and extent physically possible: i. The 100 -year floodplain and setback buffer as defined in Chapter 27 Floodplain Management, Section 27-18(4)(5) (Ordinance 07-169). ii. Slopes above 35% of at least 5000 square feet contiguous area iii. Populations of endangered or threatened species, or habitat for such species. iv. Important historic sites. 3) Secondary Resource Areas. The following lands are considered to have other intrinsic qualities of value to the community to be protected to the maximum extent possible after all identified Primary Resource Areas have been protected (Primary and Secondary Areas collectively are referred to as "Open Space"): i. Existing healthy, native forests of at least one contiguous acre. ii. Individual existing healthy trees greater than 14 inches caliper measured at diameter at breast height (dbh) iii. Other significant natural features and scenic viewsheds such as ridge lines, peaks and rock outcroppings, particularly those that can be seen from public roads 2 iv. Prime agricultural lands of at least five acres contiguous area v. Existing trails that connect the tract to neighboring areas vi. Buffer around the perimeter of the tract a minimum of 25' wide designed at a minimum to provide protection against wildfires. b) Step 2: Location of House Sites. Using Exhibit #1 Existing Resources and Site Analysis Map as a base, show preliminary site plan (Exhibit #2). House sites should generally be setback from Primary Resources and Secondary Resources, taking into consideration the potential negative impacts of residential development on such areas as well as the potential positive benefits of such locations to provide attractive views and visual settings for residences. Exhibits #24 do not have to be prepared by a licensed surveyor or engineer. c) Step 3: Alignment of Streets and Trails. Using Exhibit #2 as a base, show proposed street plan designed to provide vehicular access to each house, complying with the minimum standards for road design set forth in these guidelines (see Section 4), and bearing a logical relationship to topographic conditions (Exhibit #3). Impacts of the street plan on proposed Open Space lands shall be minimized, particularly with respect to crossing environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands and traversing steep slopes. Street connections shall generally be encouraged to minimize the number of cul-de-sacs and to facilitate access to and from homes in different parts of the tract and adjoining parcels. d) Step 4: Drawing in the Lot Lines. Using Exhibit #4 as a base, show lot lines to delineate the boundaries of individual residential lots. Site Inspection. Before or after the pre -application meeting, the staff may request that the applicant arrange for a site inspection of the property by the Planning staff and other County officials. The purpose of the site visit is to familiarize local officials with the property's existing conditions and special features, to identify potential site design issues, and to provide an informal opportunity to discuss site design concepts, including the general layout of the designated Open Space lands and potential locations for proposed buildings and street alignments. Comments made by local officials or staff and consultants shall be interpreted as being only suggestive. It shall be understood by all parties that no formal recommendations can be offered, and no official decisions can be made at the site inspection. iii. Meeting Outcomes. As a result of the pre -application meeting, the applicant should have an understanding of the following: a) Whether the Primary and Secondary Resources as shown are complete, accurate, and acceptable; b) Whether the disposition of the Secondary Resources are acceptable; c) Whether the location of the house sites and street layout are acceptable; d) Whether the lot sizes and number of lots are acceptable. B. Site Plan. i. Submittal to the Design Center. a) Site Plan. The applicant shall incorporate any comments from the pre - application meeting, and submit to the Design Center a Site Plan, prepared by a licensed surveyor or engineer. The Site Plan shall be a refinement of Exhibit #4 and meet all the requirements of a Preliminary Plat Map set forth in the Subdivision Code. b) Engineer's Report. Submit a brief report, prepared by a licensed engineer, that discusses the following: 1) Access. Intersection requirements and sight distance for any proposed roads that intersect a County or State road. 2) Water. Proposed water system serving the subdivision (source, storage, transmission, distribution). 3) Wastewater. Proposed wastewater disposal system that meets the minimum requirements set forth in these guidelines. 4) Utilities. Proposed power and communication system. If connecting to grid, confirm adequate capacity. Address whether any existing poles interfere with access or lot layout. 5) Drainage. Estimated stormwater flow generated by the project n and method of handling the flow. c) Agency Review. The Design Center shall circulate the Site Plan and Engineers Report to pertinent agencies and receive comments within 30 days. d) Draft legal instrument for open space preservation. Submit an instrument in draft form meeting the requirements in Section 5(a) below. C. PUD Report. The Design Center shall prepare a report recommending approval or denial of the PUD application, and set forth any conditions of approval. The report shall reference and attach the Site Plan, Engineer's Report, and draft legal instrument for open space preservation. If recommending approval, the Design Center shall instruct the applicant to prepare a preliminary plat map consistent with the approved Site Plan and meeting the requirements of the Subdivision Code. D. Preliminary Subdivision Approval. Upon receipt of the preliminary Site Plan, the Design Center shall transmit the PUD Report and preliminary Site Plan to the proper section of the Planning Department that reviews subdivisions. The Planning Director shall make a decision to issue preliminary subdivision approval within 30 days of receipt of this package from the Design Center. The Design Center staff shall monitor the status of review to ensure timely processing. 4. Standards A. Density and Minimum Lot Size Standards. Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 205 shall govern the minimum lot size. The permitted density shall be calculated based on gross density of the existing zoning. B. Open Space Standards. At least 40% of the tract shall be protected as Primary or Secondary Resource Areas. Of this protected area, at least 75% should be a contiguous area, and to the extent possible adjoin protected areas or candidate future protected areas on neighboring property. C. Road Standards. The design of private streets within the rural subdivision should seek to: i. Provide an all-weather pervious surface or semi -pervious with a roadway minimum width of 16' and 4' graded shoulder to enable pull -offs. ii. Minimize the number of cul-de-sacs. Where provided, minimize the amount of i•7 impervious surface by limiting the internal turning radius to 35 feet. Use grass and vegetation for the inner circle of turn-arounds, rather than paving the entire area. Declare the Home Owner's Association (HOA) responsible for the maintenance of the grassy area by covenant. iii. Provide more than one entrance to the development and interconnect streets. iv. Omit curbs wherever appropriate. V. As an alternative to curbs and gutters, allow runoff from roofs and pavements to pass immediately through grass swales or infiltration basins. Use plant material that will absorb rainwater and act as a natural filter for oil and pollution. vi. Provide marked, pervious paths for non -vehicular traffic within the development and connecting to neighboring residential and commercial areas. D. Wastewater Disposal Standards. The State Department of Health rules, policies, and standards will govern wastewater disposal. Where onsite septic systems are permitted, a septic system draining into a common leach field is permitted provided that a backup leach field area of comparable size is provided should one leach field fail. The common leach fields may be incorporated into the Secondary Resource Areas. 5. Ownership, Preservation, and Maintenance of Open Space. Open Space land shall be preserved and maintained solely for the purposes as specified. A. Legal Instrument. The method for effectuating such preservation and maintenance may be one or a combination of the following: Deed of conveyance to a Home Owners Association (HOA). If Open Space is deeded to a HOA, the applicant shall record a declaration of covenants, conditions, and restrictions, which shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following: a) They shall provide that the HOA will maintain and pay taxes on the Open Space. The HOA shall develop a long-term rural plan for maintenance of common areas. This plan should include examples of environmentally friendly landscaping techniques for homeowners, recommend that at least one member of the HOA receive training in or be conversant in, wildlife habitat rural, enhancement, and maintenance, and assist homeowners with site-specific information about indigenous habitat and diversity of species. b) They shall govern the use of the Open Space and restrict its uses to those consistent with the intent of the Open Space as specified in the development plan. c) They shall run with the land in perpetuity. d) They shall provide for a lien on the assessed property to secure collections of assessments levied by the HOA. e) They shall require mandatory membership in the HOA for all homeowners in the subdivision. Deed of conveyance to a government entity, which shall state the restrictions governing the use, improvement, maintenance, and preservation of the Open Space as conditions to the deed of conveyance. iii. Deed of conveyance with restrictive covenant or a permanent conservation easement in favor of a bona fide land trust (or other nonprofit) for conservation purposes and restricting development. B. Approval and Recordation. All legal instruments used to permanently protect open areas platted within the subdivision shall be executed by the developer and approved by the County prior to approval of the final plat for the development. Upon approval of the final plan and the legal instruments for permanent protection of the rural areas, the County will record said documents with the Bureau of Conveyances or Land Court, as appropriate. All fees associated with the recordation of plats and legal instruments will be furnished by the developer of the rural subdivision or their agent. _ a 4� if L ,HAY OF yq� OP — s rE'Op KP KONA Community Development flan