HomeMy WebLinkAboutBACKGROUND & EXHIBITSAJR BPuakeaSPP
COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT
BACKGROUND REPORT
PUAKEA RANCH DBA: KAPUNAKANE RANCH LLC
SPECIAL PERMIT APPLICATION SPP-20-000219
PUAKEA RANCH DBA: KAPUANKANE RANCH LLC has applied for a Special
Permit to establish a Guest Ranch on a 14.9-acre portion of the larger 32.411-acre subject parcel.
The Guest Ranch will offer overnight accommodations, activities and events for guests, local
schools, and community members as well as ranch and faming activities. The property is located
mauka(landward)of Akoni Pule Highway(State Highway 270) approximately 2.0 miles south
of Hawi town, Puakea,North Kohala, Hawai'i, TMK: (3) 5-6-001: por. 082.
APPLICANTS REQUEST
1) Request: The applicant is requesting a Special Permit to allow for the
expansion/continued use of the existing Guest Ranch on a 14.9-acre portion ofthe
32.411-acre subject parcel. The remaining land area would continue to be used as grazing
pastures, orchards, animal corrals, and open space. All new structures will be built in a
smaller 2.14-acre site within the larger 14.9-acre Special Permit project area(i.e.,
construction area"). Several existing structures within the Special Permit area will also
be converted and/or upgraded as part of the Guest Ranch. All new construction will
undergo review by the State Historic Preservation Division(SHPD)to ensure consistency
with the appropriate Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Treatment of Historic
Properties due to the historic nature of the Ranch. The following lists the proposed uses
and development outlined in the Special Permit Application:
Seven(7) Guest Ranch guesthouses for a total of 38 overnight guests per day.
Conversion of"Ohana House"(currently storage) to guesthouse for overnight
accommodations.
Conversion of"Former Cottage Site" (currently foundation only)to guesthouse.
Conversion of"Tool Shed"to ADA compliant restroom facilities for"special
events" and guests.
Construction of a new enclosed event space/pavilion within the 2.14-acre
construction area".
Development of a parking area for events.
Demolition of the"Tree House" and construction of additional guesthouse for
overnight accommodations—support only with full DPW permitting.
Demolition of the existing pavilion.
Guest Ranch to host private events for up to 100 "non-guests"on Friday or
Saturday only, one(1) special event per weekend (up to 48 "special events"per
year).
Guest Ranch to grow and sell food, along with utilizing the certified kitchen for
catering for guests, special events, and large events.
Guest Ranch will offer horseback riding and other similar Ranch activities.
Guest Ranch will offer equine therapy, cooking, art, and yoga classes.
Guest Ranch will host two (2) "community events"per year with up to 350
people.
Guest Ranch will utilize portable toilets until more permanent restroom facilities
can be constructed for guests and special events. Use ofportable toilets for large
events (>350 people)will continue.
2) Project Objective: The applicant's primary objective is to expand the existing Guest
Ranch to provide more opportunities for guests and the community to experience and
utilize a historic Guest Ranch. The project involves the conversion of existing Puakea
Ranch structures, four(4) of which are currently used as vacation rentals, and the
conversion/construction of three(3) additional new guesthouse structures to expand the
number of guesthouses to seven(7). The applicant's secondary objective is to provide
facilities that would allow for various functions including weddings and community
events. The applicant's believe that obtaining the Special Permit would allow the Guest
Ranch to offer activities, opportunities and events to guests, local schools, community,
and senior groups to experience ranch life and learn about the history of the surrounding
area,plantation life, the Paniolo, Japanese and native Hawaiian cultures that encompass
the history of Kohala.
3) Staff/Employees: Puakea Ranch currently employs eight(8)part time staff, two (2) full
time salary employees, and pulls from local contractors as needed. When the Guest
Ranch is in full operation, an additional five(5) employees are anticipated.
4) Hours of Operation: "Guest Ranch"will be operational 24 hours/day for overnight
accommodations,however, typical work hours would be between 8:00AM and 4:00PM.
Event"hours: 9:00AM to 8:00PM (Sunday—Thursday) & 9:00AM to 10:00PM (Friday
and Saturday).
Special Events": 9:00AM to 10:00PM Friday& Saturday; 9:00AM to 8:00PM Sunday.
Community Events"hours: 9:00AM to 9:00PM(Sunday) and 9:00AM to 10:00PM
Friday and Saturday).
5) Property Owner(s): Christine L. Cash, James H Nelson IV, Livmar Enterprises Inc.
6) Supportive Information: The applicant has submitted the attached in support ofthe
request: (Planning Department Exhibit 1 —Special Permit Application dated
June 21,2020)
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
7) Final Environmental Assessment: Due to the proposed Special Permit and the existing
Historic Register structures, the applicant was required to comply with Chapter 343,
Hawaii Revised Statutes(HRS)regarding Environmental Assessments and Impact
Statements. Based on the that assessment a Finding ofNo Significant Impact(FONSI)
declaration was published in the March 8, 2020 issue of the Office of Environmental
Quality Control bulletin the Environmental Notice (Planning Department Exhibit 2 -
Final Environmental Assessment dated February 19, 2020).
8) Notice of Violation (NOV): The Planning Department issued a Notice of Violation letter
dated March 8, 2017 for alleged non-agricultural events/activities being conducted on the
property. The case has been referred to the Office of the Corporation Council for their
disposition.
DESCRIPTION OF STATE AND COUNTY PLANS
9) State Land Use: Agricultural
10) County Zoning: Agricultural 20-acres (A-20a)
11) General Plan LUPAG Map: Important Agricultural Land(ial)
12) North Kohala Community Development Plan (NKCDP): The North Kohala
Community Development Plan was adopted by the Hawaii County Council by Resolution
No. 219 86 on November 3, 1986.
13) Special Management Area: The property is not situated within the Special Management
Area(SMA) and is located approximately 1.4 miles from the nearest shoreline; however,
the entire Island ofHawaii lies within the Coastal Zone Management area.
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT SITE AND SURROUNDING AREAS
14) Project Site: The 32.411-acre subject property is located mauka of Akoni Pule Highway
approximately 2 miles south of Hawi town in the North Kohala District. The property is
an operating Guest Ranch with fanning and ranching activities as well as short term
vacation rental opportunities. The Guest Ranch and associated historic structures have
been assigned a State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP)number by the State Historic
Preservation Division(Site No. 50-10-02-9071). The site was formally listed on the State
Register of Historic Places on August 8, 2009.
15) Surrounding Zoning/Land Uses: Properties to the north, south and west ofthe subject
parcel are similarly zoned A-20a, with areas of A-600a located up-slope and east of the
property. Across Akoni Pule Highway from the subject parcel is a subdivision ofA-10a
parcels, several of which are developed with farm dwellings. South of the subject parcel
are farm dwelling structures on A-20a zoned parcels.
16) Land Study Bureau's Detailed Land Classification System: The majority of the
project area is classified as "C"or"Fair" for agricultural productivity.
17) ALISH: Zone 3 or"Other Important Agricultural Lands".
18) Archeological Resources: To accompany the FEA, an archeological inventory survey
AIS) of the 2.14-acre construction area was completed in October 2018. Prior
archeological studies in the area indicate widespread disturbance associated with historic
cattle ranching. The current AIS identified three(3) features(Nos. 7, 10.1 and 13)within
the 2.14-acre"construction area"of the project site; the features consist of a modern
building built over a historic concrete slab (7), a section of wall (10.1) and a newly
identified concrete slab that appears to be historic in origin(13). The Puakea Ranch
headquarters was previously documented and has been assigned State Inventory of
Historic Places (SIHP)No. 50-10-02-9071 (Site 9071). A total oftwelve(12) features
were recorded as part of Site 9071, consisting ofhouses,bunk houses, a garage, a
slaughter house, a sugar mill, a series of rock walls, a network of corrals, and a saddle
shop. The register data for Site 9071 indicates this site is assessed as significant under
criterion"a" (associated with events), criterion"d"(association with people), criterion
c"(accurate site representation) and criterion"d" for its information content. The
landowner proposes minimal impacts to the 2.14-acre"construction area",however,the
Features Nos. 7 and 13 (listed above)will be removed to make way for ADA
improvements; Feature No. 10.1 will be preserved.
19) Cultural Resources: The accompany the FEA, a cultural impact assessment(CIA) of the
Guest Ranch and more specifically the 14.9-acre Special Permit area was completed. The
physical resources ofthe Puakea Ranch property, such as plants and water features, were
assessed as part of the research for the EA. It was reported that no culturally important
native plants, springs, groves of native trees, caves or pu'u, which may have cultural
significance, were present on the subject parcel. Individuals associated with this area
were interviewed to determining potential ongoing cultural resources or practices; it was
determined that the only activities which occurred on Puakea Ranch in the last century
were associated with cattle ranching. The assessment did not identify any individual with
ties to any cultural resources or practices that would be affected by the proposed action.
20) Public Access: The subject site is situated mauka ofAkoni Pule highway, more than 1.25
miles from the shoreline. The site does not serve as a mauka-makai access to the
coastline. Normal fishing and coastal access are not an issue. Additionally, as discussed
above in the findings of the CIA, no traditional cultural resources, practices or properties
were identified within the project area, and that the proposed usage ofthe property as a
Guest Ranch would not have an adverse impact on any potential traditional cultural
practices or properties located on or near the property. As such the requested use should
have no adverse impacts to any type of access throughout the region.
21) Floral and Faunal Resources: A biological survey was conducted in 2018 for the
subject application and Environmental Assessment(EA). The report states the property is
covered by landscaped vegetation, pasture, and weedy patches. No natural vegetation was
observed. All plant species observed are listed in the biological survey,however, no
threatened or endangered plants species are present or would be expected on the property
due to the long history of land disturbance from ranching activities. Furthermore, no plant
critical habitat is present on or within three(3) miles ofthe property, with the closest
plant critical habitat located above 2,000-feet elevation in the Kohala Mountains.
Mammalian fauna of the subject parcel is composed mainly of introduced species
associated with ranches and farms, including domestic cattle,pigs, chickens, and dogs. In
addition,mongoose, feral cats,roof rats,Norway rats, and mice(all common to farms in
Hawai'i) were also observed on the property. All birds seen during the survey were wide
ranging non-native species such as the common myna, house finch and spotted dove. No
birds indigenous to Hawai'i were identified during the survey. It is likely that the
common migratory shorebird, Pacific golden plover(kolea)may be present during the
winter months, as may be the Hawaiian short eared owl and Nene. No critical habitat for
terrestrial fauna is present in the area, but some endangered species may overfly this and
all other areas ofthe Island of Hawai`i. The Hawaiian petrel, the Hawaiian sub-species of
Newell's shearwater, and the band-rumped storm-petrel have been recorded over-flying
various areas on the Island of Hawai`i between late April and the middle of December
each year. The Hawaiian petrel and band-rumped storm-petrel are listed as endangered,
and Newell's shearwater as threatened, under both federal and State of Hawaii
endangered species statutes.
22) FEMA-FIRM: Property is zoned Flood Zone X, outside of the 500-year floodplain.
23) Traffic: By letter dated January 7, 2019 the HDOT requested the preparation of a Traffic
Assessment(TA)to determine trip generation, evaluate project access, and recommend
improvements as needed. The TA indicated that an increase of the Guest Ranch to seven
7) guesthouses is expected to approximately increase traffic by five(5) additional round
trips per day. The employee traffic would increase to be approximately ten (10)round
trips per day. This combined impact represents less than 1%ofthe current traffic load on
Akoni Pule Highway. The large community and wedding events represent a greater
expected impact, these one day events are expected to host up to eight vendor vehicles
and approximately 88 attendee vehicles, however this would represent 3.5% ofthe
current traffic load on Akoni Pule Highway. No roadway or entrance improvements have
been required at this time; however, it was recommended by the DPW—Traffic Division
that the applicant install a streetlight at the property entrance with Akoni Pule Highway to
ensure safe ingress/egress. If traffic issues attributable to the site operation are identified,
the applicant will mitigate the impact to the satisfaction of HDOT, Hawai'i District
Engineer.
PUBLIC UTILITES AND SERVICES
24) Access: There is one access point to the parcel off the mauka side of Akoni Pule
Highway which consists of a gated paved driveway. The Puakea Ranch access includes
an easement to allow for shared access to the two (2)parcels mauka of the project site.
Currently those two (2)lots are undeveloped.
25) Water: The site has a shared County water meter and incorporates rainwater catchment
for irrigation needs. According to a letter from the Department ofWater Supply(DWS)
of December 11, 2018 there is only one master meter for the nine(9)lots within the
Puakea Ranch subdivision(of which Puakea Ranch is just one lot), which has averaged
5,550 gallons per day. DWS stated that it cannot provide additional water at this time for
any development requiring additional water within the subdivision. Improvements to the
system's source,booster pump, storage, distribution and/or transmission facilities would
be required for DWS to agree to supply additional water. Based upon preliminary
calculations, a conservative estimate for the average potable water demand for the
proposed Guest Ranch is 5,700 gallons per day(gpd). Accordingly, to accommodate
additional water demand from the Guest Ranch, the owners tentatively propose to
construct a water well for domestic uses. This well is expected to incorporate an
approximately 5hp submersible pump with a capacity of 35 gallons per minute. The
applicant anticipates that the well will be permitted to draw up to 20,000 gpd. Fire supply
would be provided in a reserve tank with an approximate storage volume of 10,000
gallons. The owners are also planning construction of a holding tank to supplement, as
needed, the Guest Ranch's water needs. Additionally, to accommodate additional water
demand from the Guest Ranch,the owners propose to expand the catchment capacities.
The current system can collect an annual average of approximately 100 gpd. This is
generated mainly from roof catchment on Yoshi's House, stored in a 20,000-gallon tank.
There is also a rain barrel used to store water collected from each of the four cottages'
bath houses. Additional roofs can be included in the catchment system and designed to
match the low-water demand of the natural/xerophytic landscaping and the farm garden
needs. With expansion, the catchment capacity could reach 400 gpd.This additional
catchment supply would be provided in a reserve tank with an approximate storage
volume of 10,000 gallons.
26) Wastewater System: A property of this size is allowed multiple individual wastewater
systems and is large enough that these systems be unobtrusive, with no adverse effects on
the property or the subsurface groundwater. The owners propose to construct a septic or
enhanced septic system to address most of the wastewater requirements of the project.
The primary wastewater needs will be for the proposed restrooms and additional
guesthouses. The system will be designed and constructed in accordance with the
requirements of the State Department of Health. In addition, portable toilets have been
used and will continue to be used for infrequent, large events.
27) Police and Fire Services: Fire, police and emergency medical services are available via
full-time fire and police stations located approximately 5.0 miles east of the project site.
The applicant will conform to Fire Department requirements relative to the retention of
adequate water storage on the site to meet fire suppression requirements.
28) Solid Waste: Per Memo dated August 14, 2020, the Department of Environmental
Management(DEM) stated that a Solid Waste Management Plan shall be submitted to
DEM for approval as commercial operations may not use transfer stations for disposal.
To date no Waste Management Plan has been provided and the application states: "solid
waste will be hauled by Puakea Ranch staff or commercial disposal operators".
29) Utilities: Electrical power is currently supplied to Puakea Ranch by HELCO via its island
wide distribution network,however, a photovoltaic (PV) solar power system is installed
at"Yoshi's House". Landline telephone service is also available from Hawaiian Telecom.
AGENCIES COMMENTS
30) State of Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT): Planning Department
Exhibit 3—August 14,2020 Letter.
31) State of Hawaii Land Use Commission (LUC): Planning Department Exhibit 4—
August 12,2020 Letter.
32) County of Hawaii Department of Public Works (DPW), Engineering Division:
Planning Department Exhibit 5—August 13,2020 Memo.
33) County of Hawaii DPW—Traffic Division: Planning Department Exhibit 6—
July 31,2020 Memo.
34) County of Hawaii Department of Environmental Management(DEM): Planning
Department Exhibit 7—August 14, 2020 Memo.
35) Hawaiian Electric and Light Company(HELCO): Planning Department Exhibit 8—
August.16,2020 Letter.
36) County of Hawaii Fire Department: Planning Department Exhibit 9—August
25,2020 Letter.
37) County of Hawaii Department of Water Supply: Planning Department Exhibit 10—
August 26,2020 Letter.
AGENCIES—NO COMMENT
38) County of Hawaii Police Department: Planning Department Exhibit 11 —
August 14, 2020 Letter.
39) State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) Land Division:
Planning Department Exhibit 12—August 7,2020 Memo.
40) State of Hawaii DLNR—Engineering Division: Planning Department Exhibit 13—
August 7,2020 Memo.
AGENCIES—NO RESPONSE
41) State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD); State Office of Planning(OP); State
Department of Health (DOH); Real Property Tax Office.
PUBLIC COMMENTS
42) Planning Department Exhibit 14—August 23, 2020 Letter (Jeff Strathern)
43) Planning Department Exhibit 15—August 28,2020 email(Lisa Ebrahimi)
44) Planning Department Exhibit 16—August 28,2020 email (Marcelle Loren)
45) Planning Department Exhibit 17—August 19,2020 email(Erin Pasco)
46) Planning Department Exhibit 18—September 10,2020 email(Tern Johnston)
47) Planning Department Exhibit 19—September 11,2020 email(Groves Family)
48) Planning Department Exhibit 20—September 2,2020 email(Olivia Ebrahimi)
49) Planning Department Exhibit 21 —September 1,2020 email(Catalina Cain)
50) Planning Department Exhibit 22—September 3,2020 Letter (Bernard Moseby)
51) Planning Department Exhibit 23—August 24,2020 Letter (James F. Cash)
52) Planning Department Exhibit 24—August 28, 2020 email (Joan Channon)
53) Planning Department Exhibit 25—August 28,2020 email(Karen Johnson)
54) Planning Department Exhibit 26—August 28,2020 email(Sophia Bowart)
55) Planning Department Exhibit 27—August 28,2020 email (Alexandra Star)
56) Planning Department Exhibit 28—August 28,2020 email(Caney O'Neill)
57) Planning Department Exhibit 29—August 24,2020 email(Robert Defazio)
58) Planning Department Exhibit 30—August 28, 2020 email(Jon Adams)
59) Planning Department Exhibit 31 —August 28, 2020 email(Barbara and Bill Davis)
60) Planning Department Exhibit 32—September 3,2020 email(Virginia Fortner)
61) Planning Department Exhibit 33—August 18,2020 Letter (Robert Morrison)
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SPECIAL PERMIT REQUEST
Puakea Guest Ranch
56-2864 AKONI PULE HIGHWAY
L HAWI, HI 96719
TMK: (3rd) 5-6-001:082
Puakea, North Kohala District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawaii
The Historic Puakea
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Prepared for:
County of Hawaii
Planning Department
Aupuni Center, Suite 3
101 Pauahi Street
Hilo,HI 96720
JUNE 21, 2020
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SPECIAL PERMIT APPLICATION
I
PUAKEA GUEST RANCH
1 TMK: (3rd) 5-6-001:082
Puakea, North Kohala District, Hawai`i Island, State of Hawai`i
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Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
Special Permit Application
Proposed "Guest Ranch"
Puakea Ranch dba: Kupunakane Ranch LLC
56-2864 Akoni Pule Highway, Hawi, HI 96719
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
INTRODUCTION:
The applicant, Puakea Ranch (dba Kupunakane Ranch LLC) intends to set an example of true
sustainable, agriculturally driven and historical tourism for the island in an agricultural, rustic,
historic setting. Puakea Ranch is applying for a Special Permit to enable the use of an
agricultural parcel in North Kohala as the site of a Guest Ranch offering activities, opportunities I
and events, such as marriages, birthday parties, anniversary celebrations, farm to fork events to
guests, local schools, and local community members.
Puakea Ranch sees itself as an alternative to the resorts, condos, and concrete structures that
most of the visitors to Hawaii Island experience. Here, guests and the community can learn
about the rich history of the ranch and the surrounding area, plantation life, the Paniolo,
Japanese, Filipino, German, British, missionary and native Hawaiian cultures that make North
Kohala what it is today.
The subject property is within the State Land Use Agricultural District and a Special Permit from
the County of Hawai'i (County) Leeward Planning Commission (Planning Commission) is
required to legally undertake the Proposed Action. The Proposed Action is to allow through a
Special Permit the establishment of a Guest Ranch on the property.
BACKGROUND: 1
A. PROPOSED USE DESCRIPTION
To fully understand the Proposed Action, some preliminary background on the property and its
history are necessary. The Puakea Ranch headquarters and surrounding areas were
transformed as part of Kohala's 19th century transition from traditional Hawaiian agricultural
landscapes, which were integral parts of mauka-makai resource management focused around
ahupua'a, to a succession of commercial agricultural ventures. Puakea Ranch began in the
1870s with Dr. James Wight, who tried sheep and sugarcane and finally focused on cattle,
building a successful operation on thousands of acres that he ran until his death at the age of 91
in 1905. The ranch's boundaries grew and shrank through a series of acquisitions and
amalgamations. Parker Ranch began leasing the Puakea Ranch lands from the James Wight
Estate in 1932, and Richard Smart of Parker Ranch purchased its lands outright in 1946.
Throughout the decades, immigrant laborers who worked in the canefields and paddocks left an
indelible stamp on the landscape, which provides much of the character of the property today.
For example, Zenjiro Kawamoto and his wife Wasa Watabayashi came to North Kohala from
Hiroshima as part of this migration. They settled at Puakea Ranch and moved into what would
eventually be called the "Cowboy House". The Kawamotos raised three children at the ranch:
Masato (Johnny), Yoshio (Yoshi), and Thelma. The family went on to oversee the operations of
1
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
the Puakea Ranch for four generations. Yoshi Kawamoto and Parker Ranch carpenter, Mr.
Yamanaka, built Yoshi's House in 1949 for Yoshi and his wife, Margaret, to raise their family.
This is the original site of the grand two-story plantation house when the Wright Family Estate
was still in control of the property, prior to it being leased by Parker Ranch. It is speculated that
the original Plantation Manager's home, likely built in the 1870-80s, fell into disrepair and was
taken down and salvaged for lumber and windows by Parker Ranch in the 1930s.111
In the 1980s, Parker Ranch sold 200 acres of the Puakea Ranch lands around the headquarters
to a real estate developer, and the Kawamoto family and other ranch employees relocated.
Parker Ranch discontinued ranching operations at Puakea and the homes were rented to
different local families until the 200-acre property was sold for subdivision in 2002. The Puakea
Ranch headquarters, including the present property and its buildings, subsequently fell into
disrepair.
The Puakea Ranch headquarters was purchased by Christie Cash and her partner James
I I Nelson in 2006. The plan was to create a low-key, low-density family place that could be an
alternative to the resorts. The owners have been working for 14 years with local archaeologists
and historic preservation architects to authentically restore the homes, buildings and gardens of
Puakea Ranch. Without time-consuming and expensive maintenance, there is a constant threat
of dilapidation and eventual demolition. Today the ranch provides overnight vacation rental
accommodations, which helps to support the property and provides the income necessary for
maintenance.
The restoration work not only preserves buildings but also is meant to honor the ranch and
farming traditions of Puakea Ranch in an ongoing, living way. Local ranchers have used the
1 corrals for branding and roundups. The owners raise horses, cattle, and chickens, and maintain
gardens and orchards as they work towards a self-sustaining homestead. The vacation rental
guests enjoy experiencing the historic ranch's cowboy activities as well as learning the history of
Puakea Ranch through the books, historic photographs and historic relics exhibited on the
property and in the homes. In addition to its income-producing activities, the owners have made
the ranch available for a variety of community events. For example, the ranch has hosted local
schools for overnight excursions and docents for the Mo`okini Heiau Children's Day organized
by Kumu Leimomi Lum. Puakea Ranch regularly donates overnight stays to local schools and
community fundraising events, including Waimea Country School, Parker School, HPA School,
North Kohala Community Resource Center, the North Kohala Hospital, Kona & Waimea
Hospices and many off-island private and charter schools.
The area proposed for use is 14.96 acres of the 32.411-acre property; the remaining area would
continue to be used as grazing pastures, orchards, animal corrals, and open space. All new
structures would be contained in an even more restricted area of 2.14 acres, in a portion of the
property that will not visually affect the historic character of some of the other structures and will
also minimize noise and visual disruption to neighboring properties. Additionally, extensive
landscape mitigation plantings are central to the development of the designated area to block
both noise and views to the area from surrounding properties.
The Guest Ranch would be able to accommodate as many as 38 visitors in the seven rental
units and the event area, an increase from the current occupant capacity of 18. It would host
group activities such as weddings and family reunions, which would be accommodated in a new
event area established to accommodate parking, temporary tents and portable toilets.
1 2
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
Additionally, the Tree House is currently used and would continue to be used as a farm dwelling
for the owner and caretaker. Within the special permit application that structure would be
proposed to convert to a guest unit and plans to permit that structure or replace it would
proceed once granted the special permit.
The maximum number of persons on property at any given time for guest events will be limited
to 100 outside guests(with two events a year at 350 people). Events with more than 38
attendees will be limited to Friday, Saturday and Sunday and will involve utilization of port-a-
potties. Event hours will be limited to 9am-8pm (Sunday- Thursday) and 9am-10pm (Friday and
Saturday). The current no-noise policy after 10pm will continue. Any amplification devices will
be restricted to State standards for residential uses at all property lines. Hawaii Administrative
Rules (HAR), Title 11, Chapter 46, "Community Noise Control" establishes maximum
permissible sound levels in dBA according to zoning districts. Residentially zoned land is
considered Class A as provided in section 11-46-3. Class A requires the lowest maximum
permissible sound levels. For comparison, Agriculturally zoned land is considered Class C and
allows for the highest maximum permissible sound levels. The Guest Ranch would include a
certified kitchen to allow catering for guest events and other special events. Guest amenities
would include the existing swimming pool and poolside pavilion. Horseback riding and self-
guided ranch tours would also be available.
In addition to its everyday function as a guest ranch for visitors, the Puakea Guest Ranch will
host private events for non-guests; grow and sell food and utilize the certified kitchen for
catering; offer horseback riding, equine therapy, cooking, art, and yoga classes; and host 111communityactivitiesandfunctionssuchascommunitypancakes & kites festival, senior
functions, community fundraising events and local school functions. As with guest events, event
hours will be limited to 9am-8pm (Sunday-Thursday), 9am-10pm (Friday and Saturday).
The Puakea Guest Ranch would also like to host up to two (2) community events annually that
will allow up to 350 guests. For these community events, event hours will be limited to 9am-
9pm (Sunday), 9am-10pm (Friday and Saturday).
Puakea Ranch currently employs a crew of eight part time staff (up to 20 hours per week), two
full time salary employees and a host of local outside contractors island wide. Four of the jobs
are agriculturally related: gardener, grounds keeping, horse wrangler. The goal is to continue to
plant lavender, pineapple, dragon fruit and other small, specialty crops and employ additional
local community members to support agricultural and tourism business.
BACKGROUND:
B. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
The 32.411-acre subject property is designated by TMK (3) 5-6-001:082 and is located mauka
of Akoni Pule Highway (State Highway 270) several miles south of Hawi town, in the district of
North Kohala (Figure 1). The property is owned by Christine L. Cash and James H. Nelson, IV
and Livmar Enterprises, Inc., who are requesting a Special Permit for use of the property, which
is a collection of cottages, gardens and other structures listed on the State Register of Historic
Places, as a Guest Ranch. The Proposed Action would continue the vacation rentals and
construct facilities that would allow for various functions including weddings and community
events. It would involve adaptation of existing Puakea Ranch structures, four of which are
3
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
currently used as vacation rentals, construction of new structures and implementation of
mitigation measures. Ranching and gardening uses of the property would continue and expand.
I Figure 1. Location Map
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The area was informally recorded by the landowners in a June 2009 National Register of
Historic Places form. The ranch buildings were subsequently assigned the State Inventory of
Historic Places (SIHP) number 50-10-02-9071 by the State Historic Preservation Division
SHPD). The current extent of the ranch is depicted in Figure 2. The buildings consist of the
following: The Saddle House, James Cottage (built 1920s), The Cowboy House (1880s), The
Toy Box, The Tool Shed, The Chicken Coop, The Tree House, Yoshi's House (1940s) and
Miles Away (1930s). The site was formally listed on the State Register of Historic Places on
August 8, 2009.
A list of all existing and future structures and other facilities under the Proposed Action is
contained in Table 1 and illustrated on the Site Plan (Figure 3).
Figure 2. Current Layout of Puakea Ranch Property I
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Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
16 BACKGROUND:
C. STATE AND COUNTY PLANS
IThe subject site falls outside the Special Management Area. The County of Hawaii Planning
Department determined that because the Proposed Action occurs within a site on the State
Historic Register, an Environmental Assessment (EA) pursuant to Chapter 343, Hawaii Revised
I Statutes (HRS) is necessary. This EA process was conducted in accordance with HRS Chapter
343, along with its implementing regulations, Title 11, Chapter 200.1, of the Hawaii
Administrative Rules (HAR). The Planning Department, acting as the approving agency,
I concluded after considering the comments to the Draft EA that no significant impacts would be
expected to occur and issued a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI). A copy of the final
EA published in The Environmental Notice on March 8, 2020 is available for viewing at:
I http://oeq_c2.doh.hawaii.gov/EA=EIS_Library/2020-03-08=HA-FEA-Puakea-Guest-Ranch.pdf)
Hawai'i State Plan
I Adopted in 1978 and last revised in 1991 (Hawai'i Revised Statutes, Chapter 226, as amended),
the Plan establishes a set of themes, goals, objectives and policies that are meant to guide the
State's long-run growth and development activities. The three themes that express the basic
purpose of the Hawaii State Plan are individual and family self-sufficiency, social and economicImobilityandcommunityorsocialwell-being. The Proposed Action would promote these goals
by allowing a land use that would take advantage of and help maintain a historic resource,
provide employment, and continue and improve a venue for community events, while generating
I only negligible environmental impacts, thereby enhancing quality-of-life and community and
social well-being.
I Hawaii State Land Use Law
All land in the State of Hawai'i is classified into one of four land use categories — Urban, Rural,
Agricultural, or Conservation — by the State Land Use Commission, pursuant to Chapter 205,
I HRS. The property is in the State Land Use Agricultural District. Only with the granting of a
Special Permit by the County of Hawaii Leeward Planning Commission would the Proposed
Action be consistent with this classification.
LCounty of Hawaii Zoning and General Plan
County of Hawaii Zoning. The entire property carries a zoning designation of A-20a
I
Agricultural, 20-acre minimum lot size). With the granting of a Special Permit by the County of
Hawai'i Leeward Planning Commission, the Proposed Action would be consistent with this
classification.
The County of Hawaii General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG). The LUPAG
map component of the General Plan is a graphic representation of the Plan's goals, policies,
and standards as well as of the physical relationship between land uses. It also establishes the
basic urban and non-urban form for areas within the planned public and cultural facilities, public
utilities and safety features, and transportation corridors. The property, along with all
surrounding property within a mile or more, is classified as Important Agricultural Lands in the
I p LUPAG. Given the granting of a Special Permit by the County of Hawaii Leeward Planning
Commission, the Proposed Action would be consistent with this classification.
North Kohala Community Development Plan:
The North Kohala Community Development Plan encompasses the judicial district of North
I8
t
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
r.
Kohala and was developed under the framework of the February 2005 County of Hawai'i
General Plan. Each Community Development Plan (CDP) is intended to translate broad General
Plan Goals, Policies, and Standards into implementation actions as they apply to specific
geographical regions around the County. CDPs are also intended to serve as a forum for
community input into land-use, delivery of government services and any other matters relating
to the planning area. The General Plan now requires that a Community Development Plan shall
be adopted by the County Council as an "ordinance," giving the CDP the force of law. This is in
contrast to plans created over past years, adopted by"resolution" that served only as guidelines
or reference documents to decision-makers. In November 2008, the North Kohala CDP was
adopted by the County Council.
The purposes of the North Kohala CDP are to:
Articulate North Kohala's residents' Vision and Values for their Community
Identify North Kohala's residents' Priority Issues to be addressed by the CDP
Develop Strategies and Action Programs to address those Priority Issues
The CDP, with a theme of"Keep Kohala, Kohala," describes the district as a"Cultural and
Historical Preservation Community" and emphasizes that all development decisions "shall be
required to assess and disclose their potential impact on cultural sites and resources within the
district, and shall be in keeping with the heritage and culture of North Kohala." The Puakea
Guest Ranch is a key component of preserving a vital part of Kohala's architectural heritage in a
functioning state. 3
The CDP states that its goal is:
To manage the future growth of the district in a manner that is consistent with the Kohala I
lifestyle and ideals of being a rural community with a strong cultural heritage, an agricultural
base, and a small town feel. 1
That overall goal is expressed through four Priority Issues, each with its own Goal. The Puakea
Guest Ranch project is compatible with Priority Issue 1 and its Goal - Growth Management.
Under the CDP growth is to be directed "to areas within and near existing town centers in order
to preserve the district's open space and cultural resources; and to promote agriculture."
Other priority issues are Access—to provide for community access to mauka and makai 1
resources; Affordable Housing —to provide affordable housing for the district's residents; and
Infrastructure and Community Facilities— to update Kohala's infrastructure systems that are
aging or in disrepair, and provide infrastructure, community facilities, and services that
adequately serve the community on an on-going basis, and especially in times of emergency.
The Puakea Guest Ranch is not inconsistent with these priority issues.
Many of the goals, policies and strategies of the CDP involve strictly government actions or
actions that do not relate to the property and the type of activities. One relevant strategy is the
following:
Strategy 1.9: Establish a View Plane Protection Program to identify and protect areas of
significant beauty along the Kohala Mountain Road and Akoni-Pule Highway corridor. INoaspectoftheProposedActionwouldadverselyaffectanyviewplane.
9
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
IBACKGROUND:
D. DESCRIPTION OF SURROUNDING AREAS
IThe North Kohala District is primarily residential in nature, with some ongoing farming and
ranching. Commercial activities bolstered by tourism occur in its two primary towns, Hawi and
Kapa'au. Over the decades, several subdivisions have occurred, including Puakea Ranch,
I Puakea Bay Ranch, and The Ranch at Puakea. These neighborhoods of large agricultural lots
surround the subject parcel. Even larger agricultural parcels surround these subdivisions.
IBACKGROUND:
E. FIRM DESIGNATION AND HAZARDS
The Federal Emergency Management Agency's Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)
1551660128C (9/16/1988) indicates that the property is in Flood Zone X, outside of the 500-
year floodplain (http://gis.hawaiinfip.org/FHAT/ accessed January 2019).
The project area has no named perennial or intermittent freshwater bodies, with the nearest
Ifeature being Lipoa Gulch approximately two miles east in Hawi. No significant ephemeral
drainages are present on or near the property.
Maps printed by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the County of Hawaii Civil Defense
I Agency indicate that the property is about a mile mauka of the zone that should be evacuated
during a tsunami warning, which in the Puakea area are well makai of Akoni Pule Highway
https://tsunami.coast.noaa.gov/#/Accessed January 2019).
I
BACKGROUND:
F. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
To accompany the EA, an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of the 2.14 acres within which
ground disturbance would occur was prepared by Haun and Associates conducted in October
I2018. The survey is included in Appendix 2 and briefly summarized here.
As discussed previously, as part of historic preservation efforts, the owners recorded the
Puakea Ranch headquarters in a June 2009 National Register of Historic Places form (NRHP),
and the ranch buildings were subsequently assigned State Inventory of Historic Places (SI HP)
number 50-10-02-9071. The portion of Site 9071 in the archaeological survey project area ispiassociatedwiththehistoricuseofthePuakeaRanch. The AIS identified within this 2.14-acre
area three features (Features 7, 10.1 and 13) of this previously identified historic site. The AIS
contains photographs, measurements and other descriptions of these features. The features
consist of a modern building built over a historic concrete slab (Feature 7), a section of the
Feature 10 wall, designated as Feature 10.1, and a newly identified concrete slab that appears
to be historic in origin. (Feature 13). The Feature 7 slab originally functioned as the foundation
I for a garage and has been repurposed for use as a tool shed. The Feature 10.1 wall is
interpreted as a livestock control feature likely used to prevent livestock from entering habitation
areas. The original function of the Feature 13 slab is unknown; however, it currently functions as
pi the foundation for a chicken coop and farm stand. The portion of the site in the project area is
altered and in fair condition.
10
ii
p
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit 1
n in fair condition. The previouslyTheportionofSite9071intheprojectareaisunalteredandapy
prepared NRHP form indicates Site 9071 is assessed as significant under criterion "a" because
of its association with events that made a contribution to the broad patterns of history (sugar
cane cultivation and cattle ranching), under criterion "b" due to its association with Dr. James
Wight, under criterion "c" as an excellent site type example, and under criterion "d" for its
information content.1
Site 9071 was determined eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. The
proposed development will have an effect on the historic properties within the project area. The
landowners propose minimal impacts to the 2.14-acre project area, consisting of constructing an
approximately 2500-square foot space that contains an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
approved restroom, kitchen facility and a space for set up in an enclosed area. The majority of
the area will not be impacted by the proposed development and will function as an open event
area for weddings and other functions; however, the Feature 7 and 13 slabs will be destroyed to
make way for the ADA improvements. The Feature 10.1 wall will be preserved.
The Feature 7 and 13 slabs are not integral components of the Puakea Ranch and functioned
as minor elements of the facility. In order to mitigate their destruction, the proposed restroom
will be designed in accordance with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for rehabilitation
which is defined as "...the process of returning a property to a state of utility, through repair or
alteration, which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving those portions
and features of the property which are significant to its historic, architecture, and cultural value."
NPS.gov.) The restroom will be aesthetically compatible with the other historic structures on the
property, constructed with board and batten siding and corrugated metal roofing. The restroom
will be constructed in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and
integrity of the remaining historic properties and its environment would be unimpaired.
BACKGROUND: 1
G. FLORAL AND FAUNA
To accompany the EA, a biological survey was conducted in 2018 by Ron Terry, Ph.D. The final 1
version of the biological survey was included in EA (Section 3.1.4) and briefly summarized here.
The property is covered by landscaped vegetation, pasture and weedy patches. No natural
vegetation exists. All plant species observed are listed in the biological survey. Only a few
common native plants— the common roadside herb `uhaloa (Waltheria indica), some planted
specimens of hapu'u tree ferns (Cibotium glaucum), and the common morning glory (Ipomoea
indica) — were noted on the property. No threatened or endangered plant species (USFWS
2018) are present or would be expected on the property. Furthermore, no plant critical habitat is
present on or within three miles of the property, with the closest plant critical habitat above
2,000 feet in elevation in the Kohala Mountains. (https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/table/critical-
habitat.html).
The mammalian fauna of the project area is composed mainly of introduced species associated
with ranches and farms, including domestic cattle, pigs, chickens and dogs. In addition, wild
mammals include small Indian mongooses (Herpestes a. auropunctatus), feral cats (Felis
cattus), roof rats (Rattus r. rattus), Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), European house mice (Mus
11
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
domesticus) and possibly Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans hawaiiensis). None of these
mammals are of conservation concern and all are deleterious to native flora and fauna.
All birds seen on the site during the biological reconnaissance were wide-ranging aliens such as
common myna (Acridotheres tristis), house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), cattle egret
Bubulcus ibis), spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), yellow-billed cardinal (Paroaria capitata),
saffron finch (Sicalis flaveola), gray francolin (Francolinus pondicerianus) and zebra dove
Geopelia striata). No birds indigenous to Hawai'i were identified during the survey. However, it
is likely that the common migratory shorebird, Pacific golden-plover or kolea (Pluvialis fulva) is
present during the winter on mown areas, as it commonly is throughout the State of Hawai'i.
The occasional presence of the Hawaiian short eared owl (Asio flammeus sandwichensis) and
Nene (Branta sandvicensis) have been reported. They are found in the majority of the island.
There is no aspect of the project that would affect them in any adverse way.
No critical habitat (https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/table/critical-habitat.html) for terrestrial fauna
is present in the area, but some endangered species may overfly this and all other areas of the
Island of Hawaii. The Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis), the Hawaiian sub-species
of Newell's shearwater (Puffinus newelli), and the band-rumped storm-petrel (Oceanodroma
castro) have been recorded over-flying various areas on the Island of Hawai'i between late April
and the middle of December each year. The Hawaiian petrel and band-rumped storm-petrel are
listed as endangered, and Newell's shearwater as threatened, under both federal and State of
Hawaii endangered species statutes. These seabirds hunt over the ocean during the day and
fly to higher elevations at night to roost and nest. The Hawaiian petrel and the band-rumped
storm petrel are known to nest at elevations well above 5,000 feet on the Big Island, not within
the project area. But during it breeding season from April through November, the Newell's
shearwater burrows under ferns on forested mountain slopes. These burrows are used year
after year and usually by the same pair of birds. Although capable of climbing shrubs and trees
before taking flight, it needs an open downhill flight path through which it can become airborne.
Once abundant on all the main Hawaiian Islands, most Newell's shearwaters are today found in
the steep terrain between 500 to 2,300 feet on Kauai (https://www.fws.gov/pacificislands/fauna/
newellsshearwater.html).
BACKGROUND:
H. VALUED CULTURAL RESOURCES
To accompany the EA, Haun and Associates conducted a cultural impact assessment (CIA) of
the operations of the Guest Ranch, focused specifically on the 14.92 acres of the property that
would be used for that purpose. The objective of the assessment was to identify any culturally
significant resources or traditional cultural practices that occur within the property and its
immediate vicinity. The assessment utilized archival research with historical documents,
previous archaeology studies, previous cultural impact assessment reports, and oral interviews.
The CIA is included as Appendix 3 and provides a wealth of information on the history of
Puakea Ranch and related topics for interested readers including a summary on the pre-
Western agriculture context of the property, the transformation to agricultural and ranching uses,
the question of ongoing cultural resources and practices, and the potential to impact such
resources by operating a Guest Ranch.
12
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
The Constitution of the State of Hawaii clearly states the duty of the State and its agencies to
preserve, protect, and prevent interference with the traditional and customary rights of native
Hawaiians. Article XII, Section 7 requires the State to "protect all rights, customarily and
traditionally exercised for subsistence, cultural and religious purposes and possessed by
ahupua'a tenants who are descendants of native Hawaiians who inhabited the Hawaiian Islands
prior to 1778." In spite of the establishment of the foreign concept of private ownership and
Western-style government, Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) preserved the people's traditional
right to subsistence. As a result in 1850, the Hawaiian Government confirmed the traditional
access rights to native Hawaiian ahupua'a tenants to gather specific natural resources for
customary uses from undeveloped private property and waterways under the Hawaii Revised
Statutes (HRS) 7-1. In 1992, the State of Hawaii Supreme Court reaffirmed HRS 7-1 and
expanded it to include, "native Hawaiian rights...may extend beyond the ahupua'a in which a
native Hawaiian resides where such rights have been customarily and traditionally exercised in
this manner" (Pele Defense Fund v. Paty, 73 Haw.578, 1992). The duty of agencies when
granting land use permits to identify valued natural, cultural and historical resources, assess
impacts to them and devise feasible actions to reasonably protect native Hawaiian rights was
established by the Hawai'i Supreme Court in the case of Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka 'Aina vs. the Hawaii
State Land Use Commission (94 Hawaii 31, 7 P.3d 106, 2000).
To assist in consideration of cultural resources and their impacts during the EA/EIS process, the
Hawaii State Office of Environmental Quality Control (OEQC) developed the Guidelines for
Assessing Cultural Impacts (http://health.hawaii.gov/oegc/). The types of cultural practices and
beliefs subject to assessment may include subsistence, commercial, residential, agricultural,
access-related, recreational, and religious and spiritual customs. A finding of a cultural impact
assessment is to evaluate the probability of impacts on identified cultural resources, including
values, rights, beliefs, objects, records, properties, and stories occurring within the project area
and its vicinity.
The physical resources of the Puakea Ranch property, such as plants and water features, were
assessed as part of the research for the EA. In general, it was observed that no culturally
important native plants, springs, groves of native trees, or caves or pu'u, which may have
cultural significance, are present on the property. In order to determine what cultural
associations the property had beyond such physical features, and whether there were any
ongoing cultural resources or practices, archival research was conducted at the Hamilton
Library Hawaii and Pacific Collection at the University of Hawaii-Manoa, the University of
Hawaii-Hilo Hawaiian Collection, the Land Survey Office and the Archives Division of the
Hawaii Department of Accounting and General Services, the Bishop Museum Archives, State
Historic Preservation Division Library, State Survey Division, and the Hawai'i State Public
Libraries in Honolulu and Hilo. Most importantly, informal "talk story" interviews were conducted
with knowledgeable individuals in a manner that allowed them to discuss the issues most
important to them about the project area and the Proposed Action. The individuals who chose to
participate in this CIA were residents of Kohala.
A number of people were familiar with the property and its resources. Puakea Ranch and its
vicinity were used by Parker Ranch for more than 70 years. Masa Kawamoto was born and
raised on the ranch and would often help his mother as she worked around the ranch. He
recalled that he would often go bird hunting with his brother to help his mother whenever the
ranch owners would throw parties. Farming and bird hunting were traditional activities practiced
by the local ranch families. Michael Gomes, a local historian and author, stated that the only
13
IPuakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
Iactivities that took place on Puakea Ranch were associated with cattle ranching. Those
activities ceased at Puakea Ranch once Parker Ranch sold its Puakea holdings and the families
were asked to leave. No individual identified any cultural resources or practices that would beIaffectedbytheProposedAction.
Based on all these sources, the CIA concluded that no traditional cultural resources, practices
or properties were identified within the project area, and that the proposed usage of the property
as a Guest Ranch would not have an adverse impact on any potential traditional cultural
practices or properties located on or near the property.
I
BACKGROUND:
II. PUBLIC ACCESS
The subject site is situated mauka of the highway, more than 1.25 miles from the shoreline. The
I site does not serve as a mauka-makai access to the coastline. Normal fishing and coastal
access is not an issue. Additionally, as discussed above in the findings of the CIA, namely that
no traditional cultural resources, practices or properties were identified within the project area,
and that the proposed usage of the property as a Guest Ranch would not have an adverseCimpactonanypotentialtraditionalculturalpracticesorpropertieslocatedonornearthe
property. As such the requested use should have no adverse impacts to the recreational
resources of the area.
t
BACKGROUND:
1 P J.ROADWAY ACCESS
Puakea Ranch takes access from a driveway off the east (mauka) side of Akoni Pule Highway
II State Highway 270), a facility under the control of the Hawaii State Department of
Transportation (HDOT). The highway is signed for 55 MPH in the area. The west side of the
intersection also accesses on the Puakea Bay subdivision, a private gated community with 42
lots. No intersection controls, turn lanes, storage lanes or acceleration lanes are present. With
t current low traffic levels and minimal peak hour use, there appears to be no traffic issues during
normal operation. For an event with more than 100 people attending, professional traffic control
pis utilized to facilitate free flow of vehicle access through the project entrance. Any legal access
rights shared through this entrance will not be hindered.
III
BACKGROUND:
K TRAFFIC IMPACTS
IThe Proposed Action would increase traffic during normal operation by a factor of about two
with a concomitant increase in employee and service trips.
IIn a letter of January 7, 2019 (see Appendix 1), the HDOT requested preparation of a Traffic
Assessment by a licensed professional engineer to include trip generation, an evaluation of the
project access, and recommend improvements as needed.
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Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit I
Traffic Assessments are often conducted for projects to determine if the proposed action may
produce significant traffic impacts. Section 25-2-46 (Concurrency Requirements), County of
Hawai'i Zoning Code, for example, requires a traffic impact analysis report (TIAR) with the
application for any zoning amendment which can generate 50 or more peak hour trips. To
compare the scale of impacts of the minimum sized subdivision that triggers the need for a TIAR
under the County Code, an engineer assessed the traffic generation characteristics of the
Proposed Action to accompany the EA. This Traffic Assessment Report is included as 1Appendix4.
The trip generation methodology used is based upon applications developed by the Institute of
Transportation Engineers (ITE) and published in "Trip Generation Manual", 9th Edition, 2012.
Trip generations have been developed for a variety of land uses (or facility types) that correlate
trips with dwelling units, area, population, vehicle ownership and intensity of use. Each facility
type has a catalog Classification number for identification purposes. For any given classification,
repeated field studies by the ITE measuring actual trips generated by different land uses has
calculated a generator factor for peak hour trips. This factor is multiplied by the number of units
in a land use This is further divided into trips that are entering or exiting the development, a split
that differs by time of day. In this case, the published dataset does not have good data for the
type of use anticipated. In order to approximate a Classification it was necessary to estimate
daily trips based upon the expected staffing levels and the maximum attendance allowed by
capacity.
To increase the Guest Ranch to seven rental units, the guest traffic is expected to
approximately increase by five round trips per day. The employee traffic would increase to be 10
round trips per day. This combined impact represents less than 1% of the current traffic load on
Akoni Pule Highway.I
The large community events represent a greater expected impact. These one-day events are to
be limited to one or two per year. An event like this is expected to host up to eight vendor
vehicles and approximately 88 attendee vehicles. These round trips focused on only one or two
days per year only represent 3.5% of the current traffic load on Akoni Pule Highway.
The relatively minor increase due to this project related traffic is not expected to have any
significant impacts to Akoni Pule Highway due to the low volume of employees and guests that
would access the site. The applicant believes that any potential for project-induced secondary
effects on Route 270 traffic safety during hosted events can be handled through the use of
professional traffic control personnel on the very few occasions where large numbers of vehicles
are expected. If traffic issues attributable to the site operations are identified, the owners will
mitigate the impact to the satisfaction of HDOT, Hawaii District Engineer.
BACKGROUND: I
L.UTILITIES
Electrical power is already supplied to Puakea Ranch by Hawai'i Electric Light via its islandwide 1
distribution network. Landline telephone service is also available from Hawaiian Telcom. There
is photovoltaic (PV) solar power installed at Yoshi's House.
15
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IPuakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
IThe site has a shared County water meter and incorporates rainwater catchment for irrigation
needs. According to a letter from the Department of Water Supply (DWS) of December 11, 2018
I
see Appendix 1), there is only one master meter for the nine lots within the Puakea Ranch
subdivision (of which Puakea Ranch is just one lot), which has averaged 5,550 gallons per day.
DWS stated that it cannot provide additional water at this time for any development requiring
additional water within the subdivision. Improvements to the system's source, booster pump,
I storage, distribution and/or transmission facilities would be required for DWS to agree to supply
additional water. Based upon preliminary calculations, a conservative estimate for the average
potable water demand for the proposed Guest Ranch is 5700 gallons per day (gpd).
i
Accordingly, in order to accommodate additional water demand from the Guest Ranch, the
owners tentatively propose to construct a water well for domestic uses. This well is expected to
incorporate an approximately 5hp submersible pump with a capacity of 35 gallons per minute.
The applicant anticipates that the well will be permitted to draw up to 20,000 gpd. Fire supply
would be provided in a reserve tank with an approximate storage volume of 10,000 gallons.
L Then, too, the owners are also planning construction of a holding tank to supplement, as
needed, the project's water needs.
Additionally, in order to accommodate additional water demand from the Guest Ranch, the
owners propose to expand the catchment capacities. The current system is capable of collecting
an annual average of approximately 100 gpd. This is generated mainly from roof catchment on
Yoshi's House, stored in a 20,000 gallon tank. There is also a rain barrel used to store water
I collected from each of the four cottages' bath houses. Additional roofs can be included in the
catchment system and designed to match the low-water demand of the natural/xerophytic
landscaping and the farm garden needs. With expansion, the catchment capacity could reach
L 400 gpd. This additional catchment supply would be provided in a reserve tank with an
approximate storage volume of 10,000 gallons. The site also is exploring access to water from
the Kohala Ditch, however it is in no way being counted on. If available, this source would allow
I up to 2500 gpd, to be used for farming purposes.
A property of this size is allowed multiple individual wastewater systems and is large enough
that these systems be unobtrusive, with no adverse effects on the property or the subsurface
groundwater. The owners propose to construct a septic or enhanced septic system to address
the majority of the wastewater requirements of the project. The primary wastewater needs will
P be for the proposed restrooms. The system will be designed and constructed in accordance with
the requirements of the State Department of Health. In addition, portable toilets have been
used and will continue to be used for infrequent, large events. This is an economical way to
handle surge loads and ensure that the septic systems will not be burdened by large event use
N that may happen only once or twice a year. This is a common practice on island and there are
several portable toilet providers to consistently obtain from, when needed. The provider
selected will advise on the rental supply based upon the expected number of guests and the
duration of the event. Typically only two to four portable toilets are required for the large events.
P
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Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
CRITERIA: 1
A. CONSISTENCY WITH CHAPTER 205A, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT
The objectives of the Hawaii Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Program are outlined in Chapter
205A, Hawaii Revised Statutes. The principal goal of the CZM program is to assure the
protection and maintenance of the State's coastal resources. Although the entire State falls
within the CZM area, the proposed project is not within the Special Management Area.
Nevertheless, a review of the project's consistency with CZM policies is required.
The proposed project is located at over 550 foot elevation and is over 6,700 feet from the North
Kohala shoreline. All improvements will be done to conform to the requirements of the
Department of Health. The project will have no impact on coastal resources more than a quarter
of a mile away. It will also have no impact on coastal views or scenic resources. The project
will involve the re-use of existing structures and will seek to preserve scenic views and the
character associated with the rural landscape that surrounds the property.
Public participation goals associated with CZM goals will be met through the public hearing
processes to be conducted before the Planning Commission for the review of this project.
CRITERIA:
B. IMPACTS ON SURROUNDING PROPERTIES
The maintenance of Puakea Ranch has many positive impacts for the North Kohala community
in the form of a venue for community events and a source of jobs and civic pride in the historic
preservation. At the same time, several neighbors who have built homes in and near the
subdivision on lots ranging from 14 to 30 acres have voiced complaints about existing activities
and concerns about continued activities and expansion. The concerns appear to be primarily
related to noise, but fire hazard, strangers in the neighborhood, traffic and incompatibility with
agriculture have also been raised.
The surrounding properties are utilized for agricultural and residences on large acreage parcels.
The Applicant does not foresee any significant impacts on surrounding land owners beyond the
relatively minor increase of project related traffic which is not expected to have any significant
impacts to Akoni Pule Highway due to the low volume of employees and guests that would
access the site as discussed above.
The Guest Ranch would not be expected to have more than a negligible impact on air quality
during the minor scale of construction or during operation. Dust is an occasional nuisance here
and in any other windy area of the drier parts of North Kohala, but the Guest Ranch would not
produce any greater impacts than those associated with normal ranching activities, and usually
considerably less.
In terms of scenic impacts, there will be little change to the appearance of the property from any
public vantage point, and no adverse impacts on view planes or scenic sites protected by
County plans.
Any construction in the event area will include light grading, trenching and frame construction
involving small-scale heavy equipment, compressors, and power tools. These activities have the
17
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
potential to generate noise exceeding 95 decibels at times, impacting nearby sensitive noise
receptors on the margins of the development. Most construction will occur several hundred feet
from the property boundaries. No sensitive noise receptors such as homes, parks or schools are
present within 750 feet; only two homes outside the property are within 1,000 feet. In the State
of Hawaii, whenever construction noise is expected to exceed the DOH's "maximum
permissible" property-line noise levels, contractors are required to consult with DOH per Title
11, Chapter 46, HAR (Community Noise Control) prior to construction. DOH then reviews the
proposed activity, location, equipment, project purpose and timetable in order to decide whether
a permit is necessary and what conditions and mitigation measures, such as restriction of
equipment type, maintenance requirements, restricted hours, and portable noise barriers, will be
necessary. It is proposed that the contractor be required as part of Special Permit conditions to
consult with the DOH prior to the start of construction to determine whether mitigation would be
required.
On a permanent basis, future legal uses of the property as a Guest Ranch will generate some
level of noise, particularly during large events. Excessive noise for past events has been cited
by some neighbors as a concern. The owners have responded to this concern as part of the
design of the Proposed Action by relocating certain features and proposing time restrictions.
The maximum number of persons on property at any given time for guest events will be limited
to 100 outside guests (with two events a year at 350 people). Events with more than 38
attendees will be limited to Friday, Saturday and Sunday. Event hours will be limited to 9am-
8pm (Sunday- Thursday) and 9am-10pm (Friday and Saturday). The current no-noise policy
after 10pm will continue. Additionally, extensive landscape mitigation plantings are central to the
development of the designated area to block both noise and views to the area from surrounding
properties.
Noise may be defined as unwanted sound. Evaluation of noise requires a consideration of
loudness at various pitches. Loudness is measured in units called decibels (dB). Since the
human ear does not perceive all pitches or frequencies equally, noise levels are adjusted (or
weighted) to correspond to human hearing. This adjustment is known as the A-weighted scale,
abbreviated dBA. In general, levels over 70 dBA are considered unpleasant by most individuals;
levels under 50 dBA are generally perceived as acceptably quiet. For the average person, levels
in life are usually somewhere in between.
Any amplification devices will be restricted to State standards for residential uses at all property
lines. Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Title 11, Chapter 46, "Community Noise Control"
establishes maximum permissible sound levels in dBA according to zoning districts.
Residentially zoned land is considered Class A as provided in section 11-46-3. Class A requires
the lowest maximum permissible sound levels, 55 dBA. For comparison, Agriculturally zoned
land is considered Class C and allows for the highest maximum permissible sound levels, 70
dBA.
Noise levels decline with distance in a predictable way. For example, the typical range of voice
levels runs from 70 - 88 dBA (normal to shouting) measured within one foot. It is important to
note that for every doubling of the distance from the noise source the sound pressure level
decreases 6 decibels. Accordingly the 88 dBA voice level will decrease to 54 dBA if measured
only 48 feet from the noise source. The event area will be 200 feet from the nearest property
boundary line. Therefore it is expected that if measured the anticipated noise levels at the
nearest boundary would be below the property line limits established.
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Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
Considering this, the proposed use should not generate noise in excess of levels that would be
expected from normal agricultural and ranching operations that otherwise would occur on the
property. It should be noted that if the proposed Guest Ranch is not implemented, normal
agricultural activities that could be conducted on the property could generate substantial noise.
DOH noise limits stated in HAR 11-46 notwithstanding, the Right to Farm Act statute of the
State of Hawaii (HRS 165-1 to 6) permits bona fide agricultural operations to proceed even
when they produce noise. The statute, one of 50 that exists in all 50 states, protects farms using
commonly accepted agricultural practices from being considered a nuisance in agriculturally
zoned areas. This act is seen by state legislatures as critical for our nation's ability to protect its
own food, fuel and fiber production. HRS Chapter 165-4 states that"No court, official, public
servant, or public employee shall declare any farming operation a nuisance for any reason if the
farming operation has been conducted in a manner consistent with generally accepted
agricultural and management practices. There shall be a rebuttable presumption that a farming
operation does not constitute a nuisance." Although Puakea Ranch's current agricultural
operations produce minimal noise, future uses by this or other owners could very well produce
noise considerably in excess of those allowed and regulated in a Guest Ranch. If noise does
become a concern, the owners have pledged to work cooperatively with neighbors to find ways
to reduce it.
CRITERIA:
C. IMPACTS ON PUBLIC AGENCIES
Fire, police and emergency medical services are available at a full-time fire station and a police
station in Kapa'au, located approximately five miles to the east. The Police Department already
provides service to this area and no significant increase in demand for public safety services is
anticipated.
Acute medical care service is available at Kohala Hospital in Kapa'au and at North Hawaii
Community Hospital located in Waimea, approximately 23 miles away. No substantial impacts
upon these facilities would be expected from the addition of approximately 20 guests per day
and periodic events.
The Applicant will conform to Fire Department requirements relative to the retention of adequate
water storage on the site to meet fire fighting requirements in accordance with NFPA 1142
Standard on Water Supplies for Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting. There is plenty of clearance
for a hammerhead turn around space is provided on the subject property for fire vehicles.1
Solid waste from the Guest Ranch will be hauled by Puakea Ranch staff or commercial disposal
operators to the County's West Hawaii Sanitary Landfill in Pu`uanahulu, which has several
decades of capacity.
The Applicant is proposing to hire employess from within the North Kohala community so will
not generate additional burden on public educational resources. New water demand will be
provided from on-site sources and all wastewater and all runoff from newly harden surfaces will
be contained on-site. I
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IPuakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
IBecause of the nature of the Proposed Action increasing the value of the property and involving
more guests and employees, real property, payroll, GET and TAT tax contributions would more
than compensate for extra costs of public services and would also enable agencies to improve
and expand their services.
I CRITERIA:
D. UNUSUAL CONDITIONS SINCE THE DISTRICT BOUNDARIES WERE ESTABLISHED
I The State Land Use boundaries were established in the early 1970's when Kohala Sugar
Company was still in operation. It has now been nearly 40 years since sugar was planted on
the bulk of North Kohala's agricultural lands. Since that time North Kohala has seen just 1,200
I of the prior 20,000 acres of active crop land replaced with new crops. Data provided in recent
baseline studies indicated that 1,100 of those acres are in macadamia nuts, 89 acres are in
Tropical Fruits, 92 acres are in flowers and foliage and just 16 acres are in vegetable crops.
I There are about 880 acres in dairy use and the remainder of the acreage is pasture use or lies
fallow.
The predominant use of most of the agriculturally zoned properties in Hawi and Puakea isIresidentialinnatureandusessurroundingagriculturalpropertiesforlowintensitypastureor
small orchard uses. From an agricultural perspective, the proposed use is not significantly
different from what surrounds it. The owners have carefully considered the interaction of the
I Guest Ranch activities with agriculture and has designed a project that will promote current and
future agricultural uses of the property rather than detract from them.
ICRITERIA:
E. PROPERTY SUITABILITY FOR PERMITTED USES
IThe site is suitable for the requested use. As noted earlier, the subject property has a storied
history with a signifiant connection to the legacy of agricultural development of Kohala and the
islands. Most recently that has included the attraction of overnight guests with an emphasis onIeducatingandinspiringthosethatvisitwiththeagriculturalsignificanceoftheproperty. The
applicant proposes to accentuate agricultural activities on the property as an auxiliary use to the
proposed guest ranch. This is a big part of what is being proposed.
I There are no topographic or other environmental, archaeological, or cultural constraints that
would render the site unfeasible for the requested use. All of the basic infrastructure is or can
i I be made available to the site by the applicant. Furthermore, the site is situated near Hawi. This
will provide another potential employment base for residents of North Kohala, some of
whom travel outside of the district for employment.
i
CRITERIA:
IF. ANTICIPATED CHANGE IN CHARACTER OF THE LAND
The proposed use will result in little change to the existing property. Existing structures will be
I retained and repurposed. In fact this is mandated through the Historical Preservation. The
basic agricultural ambiance will still be retained with the balance of the 32+ acre site continuing
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Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
to be used agriculturally. To minimize the visual impact and impacts to any residence, the
structures will be kept to a residential scale and tucked in at the proosed location. As discussed
above, the owners have attempted to address noise concerns through a redesign of Guest
Ranch facilities and activities plus restrictions on the scale and timing of various activities.
These should combine to reduce noise impacts at the property line to levels permissible in
residential districts, which are much stricter than applicable agricultural standards that would
apply for land use as a ranch or farm.
CRITERIA:
G. GENERAL PLAN
The General Plan for the County of Hawai'i is a policy document expressing the broad goals
and policies for the long-range development of the Island of Hawaii. The plan was adopted by
ordinance in 1989 and revised in 2005 (County of Hawaii Planning Department). The General
Plan itself is organized into thirteen elements, with policies, objectives, standards, and principles
for each. There are also discussions of the specific applicability of each element to the nine
judicial districts comprising the County of Hawaii. Analysis for this propsed use confirms that it
generally satisfies the following Goal and Policies, and Courses of Action of particular chapters
of the General Plan:
ECONOMIC GOALS
The Proposed Action is in balance with the natural, cultural and social environment of the
County, and it will create temporary construction jobs and permanent Guest Ranch jobs for local
residents and indirectly affect the economy through purchases of materials and supplies for the
Guest Ranch and secondarily through employee purchases. A multiplier effect takes place when 111theseemployeesspendtheirincomeforfood, housing, and other living expenses in the retail
sector of the economy. Such activities are in keeping with the overall economic development of
the island.
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY GOALS, POLICIES AND STANDARDS
The Proposed Action would not have a substantial adverse effect on the environment and would
not diminish the valuable natural resources of the region. The Proposed Action will obtain
permits and follow the conditions designed to reduce or eliminate pollution and environmental
degradation. The Guest Ranch would assist in maintaining agricultural uses on the property by
subsidizing them and providing a built-in market for garden and farm produce.
HISTORIC SITES GOALS AND POLICIES
Archaeological resources in the area to be affected by construction have been properly
assessed through an inventory survey prepared by Haun and Associates conducted in October,
2018. The survey is included in Appendix 2. The current owners of Puakea Ranch placed the
entire property on the State Historic Register as one step in preserving the integrity and
significance of the architectural features of the ranch. All new construction will undergo review
by SHPD to ensure consistency with the appropriate Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
Treatment of Historic Properties.
FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE GOALS, POLICIES AND STANDARDS
The property lies entirely within Zone X, outside the 500-year flood zone, and involves minimal
ground disturbance. All standards regarding drainage, flooding and sedimentation will be
21
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
adhered to and project design will be reviewed by and subject to permits from the County of
Hawai'i Department of Public Works and the Hawaii State Department of Health.
NATURAL BEAUTY GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Action would have no adverse effect of scenic sites or view planes.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND SHORELINES GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Action, which would occur more than a mile from the coast, has no effect on
natural resources or shorelines. Impacts to existing natural landforms will not occur due to the
minor nature of the Proposed Action's ground disturbance. Landscaping will match the existing
historic character of the property.
LAND USE AND OPEN SPACE GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Action takes place on a historic property already occupied by ranch buildings and
will have not effect open space.
LAND USE, AGRICULTURE, GOALS AND POLICIES
The Proposed Action would occur on agriculturally zoned land in an area designated by the
LUPAG as Important Agricultural Land. The owners have carefully considered the interaction of
the Guest Ranch activities with agriculture and has designed a project that will promote current
and future agricultural uses of the property rather than detract from them. Currently, Puakea
Ranch guests eat from a large garden and orchards growing lavender, pineapple, lilikoi and
dragon fruit as well as other boutique crops. The Proposed Action will not have an adverse
effect on the agricultural utility of the property and its function as a green belt.
Based upon the foregoing, it is concluded that the project is an "unusual and reasonable" use of
the subject site and would promote the effectiveness and objectives of Chapter 205, Hawaii
Revised Statutes.
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Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
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PUAKEA GUEST RANCH
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TMK: (3rd) 5-6-001:082
I Puakea, North Kohala District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawai`i
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I Appendix 1
Referenced Correspondence
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w"T'Ps
DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY • COUNTY OF HAWAII3e
Euw;
i,P,' 345 KEKUANAO`A STREET, SUITE 20 • HILO, HAWAII 96720
TELEPHONE (808) 961-8050 • FAX (808) 961-8657
December 11, 2018
Ms. Christie Cash
Puakea Ranch
56-2864 Akoni Pule Highway
HAwi,HI 96719
Dear Ms. Cash:
ISubject: Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
Tax Map Key 5-6-001:082
This is in response to your Pre-Environmental Assessment Consultation request dated November 26,2018.
Please be informed that the subject parcel is served by an existing master meter which also provides service to
eight(8)other parcels. The master meter is allowed an average usage of 3,600 gallons per day or 400 gallons
per day for each parcel(adequate for only one(1) single-family dwelling/parcel). I
The Department will note that the average daily water consumption through the existing master meter,over the
past two(2)year period,is approximately 5,550 gallons per day.
The proposed use will increase water demand. However,the Department cannot provide any additional water at
this time for any other type of development requiring additional water within the Puakea Ranch Subdivision.
Extensive improvements and additions,which may include,but not limited to source, storage, booster pumps,
transmission, and distribution facilities,would be required.
Should there be any questions, please contact Mr. Ryan Quitoriano of our Water Resources and Planning Branchat961-8070, extension 256.
Sincerely yours,
Keith K. Okamoto, P.E.
Manager-Chief Engineer I
RQ:dfg
copy—Geometrician Associates
1
Water, Our Most Precious qZpource. . . WaiA ane. . .
The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer.
1
I DAVID Y.IGE i o•„JADE T.BUTAY
GOVERNOR tl .4,DIRECTOR
l
C.
1 I.Deputy Directors* .
ROSSM.HIGASHI
I 4 . ' EDWIN H.SNIFFEN
r
Y' DARRELL T.YOUNG
STATE OF HAWAII IN REPLY REFERTO:
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HWY 2576
869 PUNCHBOWL STREET HWY-PS 2.9159
HONOLULU,HAWAII 96813-5097
January 7, 2019
Ms. Christie CashIPuakeaRanch
56-2864 Akoni Pule Hwy
Hawi, Hawaii 96719
IDear Ms.Cash:
I Subject:Pre-Consultation for Environmental Assessment
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
Hawaii, North Kohala, Hawi,TMK: (3) 5-6-001: 082
I
Thank you for your letter of November 26, 2018 requesting input from the Hawaii Department of
Transportation (HDOT) for the preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA). The
Iassessment is required for compliance with Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 343 due to
Puakea Ranch being on the Hawaii State Historic Register and your proposed guest ranch would
be a use within the historic site.
I fTheHDOTrequeststhataTrafficAssessmentbepreparedbyalicensedprofessionalengineerI
and submitted for review and acceptance. The assessment should include estimated trip
I generation, an evaluation of the project access to Akoni Pule Highway, State Route 270, and
recommend improvements as needed. These improvements shall be provided at no cost to the
State. i
IHDOT wishes to be a consulted party to the Draft EA. A copy of the assessment,when
published should be submitted to the Highways Planning Branch and the Hawaii District
Engineer.
I If there are any questions, please contact Ken Tatsuguchi, Engineering Program Manager,
Highways Planning Branch, at (808) 587-1830. Please reference file review number 2011-247.
ISincerely,
I
6171
1'''-31 -
1
JADE T. BUTAY
Director of Transportation
Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit I
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TMK: (3rd) 5-6-001:082
Puakea, North Kohala District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawai`i
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Appendix 2
Archaeological Inventory Survey
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Report 1510-022019
DRAFT I
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY
TMK: (3) 5-6-001:POR. 082 1
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PUAKEA AHUPUA`A
NORTH KOHALA DISTRICT, ISLAND OF HAWAI'I
HAUN & ASSOCIATES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL,AND HISTORICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
73-4161 KAAo ROAD, KAILUA-KONA HI 96740
PHONE: 808-325-2402 FAX: 808-325-1 520
i
Report 1510-022019
DRAFT
ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY
TMK: (3) 5-6-001:POR. 082
PUAKEA AHUPUA'A
r NORTH KOHALA DISTRICT
ISLAND OF HAWAI'I
Prepared by:
Alan E. Haun, Ph.D.
and
Dave Henry, B.S.
r
Prepared for:
Puakea Ranch
56-2864 Akoni Pule Highway
Hawi, Hawai'i
96719
1
February 2019
HAUN & ASSOCIATES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL,AND HISTORICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
73-4161 KAAO ROAD, KAILUA-KONA HI 96740
PHONE: 808-325-2402 FAX: 808-325-1 520
i
r
TMK : ( 3 ) 5 - 6 - 001 : Por . 082 Report No . 1510 - 022019
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
Haun &Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey of a 2.14 acre portion of TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082; a
32.411 acre parcel in Puakea Ahupua'a, North Kohala District, Island of Hawai'i. The archaeological inventory
survey objective is to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the
Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within
Hawai'i Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, Chapters 276 and 284, State Historic Preservation Rules. g
This AIS is prepared in conjunction with a Special Use Permit to be prepared for the County of Hawai'i Planning and
Building Department.The landowners propose to operate the Puakea Ranch as a "Guest Ranch"with the 2.14 acre
project area to be used for weddings and other functions and events..
The archaeological inventory survey identified three features (Features 7, 10.1 and 13) of a previously identified
site. The Puakea Ranch headquarters was recorded by the landowners in a June 2009 National Register of Historic
Places form (NRHP) and the ranch buildings were subsequently assigned State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP)
site number 50-10-02-90711.The features consist of a modern building built over an historic concrete slab(Feature
7), a section of the Feature 10 wall designated as Feature 10.1, and a newly identified concrete slab that appears
to be historic in origin (Feature 13). A chicken coop and a farm stand have been built on the Feature 13 concrete
slab.
The portion of Site 9071 in the project area is unaltered and in fair condition. The previously prepared NRHP form
indicates Site 9071 is assessed as significant under criterion "a" because of its association with events that made a
contribution to the broad patterns of history (sugar cane cultivation and cattle ranching), under criterion "b" due
to its association with Dr. James Wight, under criterion "c" as an excellent site type example, and under criterion
d"for its information content.
Site 9071 was determined eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. The proposed
development will have an effect on the historic properties within the project area. The landowner proposes
minimal impacts to the 2.14 acre project area, consisting of constructing an approximately 2500 sq foot space that
contains an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) approved restroom, kitchen facility and a space for set up in an
enclosed area.The majority of the area will not be impacted by the proposed development and will function as an
open event area for weddings and other functions; however,the Feature 7 and 13 slabs will be destroyed to make 111wayfortheADAimprovements.The Feature 10.1 wall will be preserved.
The Feature 7 and 13 slabs are not integral components of the Puakea Ranch and functioned as minor elements of
the facility. In order to mitigate their destruction, the proposed restroom will be designed in accordance with the
Secretary of the Interior Standards for rehabilitation which is defined as"...the process of returning a property to a
state of utility, through repair or alteration, which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving
those portions and features of the property which are significant to its historic, architecture, and cultural value."
NPS.gov.) The restroom will be aesthetically compatible with the other historic structures on the property,
constructed with board and batten siding and corrugated metal roofing. The restroom will be constructed in such a
manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the remaining historic properties and its
environment would be unimpaired.
Cover photo: Overview of project area(view to south)
1 All sites listed on the State Inventory of Historic Places(SIHP).Site numbers are 5 digit sequential numbers by island
50=State of Hawai'i,10=Island of Hawai'i, 02=Hawi quadrangle,9071=Site number
HAUN &ASSOCIATES I ii
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1
I Contents
MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ii
IINTRODUCTION 1
Scope of Work 1
Project Area Description 1
IARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 9
Historical Documentary Research 9
IPrevious Archaeological Research 24
PROJECT EXPECTATIONS 29
I CONSULTATION 29
FINDINGS 31
CONCLUSION 37
IDiscussion 37
Significance Assessments 37
ITRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS 38
REFERENCES 39
I APPENDIX A: LAND COMMISSION AWARDS IN PUAKEA AHUPUA'A (FROM WAIHONA
AI NA) 43
APPENDIX B: NRHP NOMINATION FORM 49
I
Figures
IFigure 1. Portion of 1995 USGS 7.5' Hawi Quadrangle showing project area 2
Figure 2.Tax Map Key(3)5-6-001 showing project area 3
I Figure 3. May 15,2018 aerial view of project area vicinity from Google Earth 4
Figure 4.Grass lawn(view to south) 4
Figure 5.Grass lawn and dirt road (view to southeast) 5
I
Figure 6.Guinea grass(view to north-northwest) 5
Figure 7. Dirt road and guinea grass(view to west) 6
Figure 8. In-ground swimming pool(view to northeast) 7
Figure 9. Boulder pushpile(view to west 7
1 I Figure 10.Ahupua'a boundaries 10
Figure 11. Map of the North Kohala District from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:4) 11
Figure 12, Map of the North Kohala District at Contact from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:17) 12
Figure 13.Tomonari-Tuggle's(1998)map of the Kohala Field System showing project areaI14
Figure 14. Portion of Lydgate's 1893 Hawai'i Register Map 1705 17
Figure 15.Map of the North Kohala District in the Later 19th Century from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:41) 19
I
Figure 16. February 13, 1920 article from The Pacific Commercial Advertiser(from newspapers.com) 21
Figure 17. February 9, 1932 article from The Honolulu Advertiser(from newspapers.com) 23
Figure 18. Portion of 1930 USGS Hawi Quadrangle showing project area 25
Figure 19. 1976 USGS aerial photograph of project area vicinity 26
HAUN &ASSOCIATES I iii
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Figures (cont.)
Figure 20.Current extent of Puakea Ranch 27
Figure 21. Previous archaeological work 28
Figure 22. Location of Site 9071 features from NRHP form 32
Figure 23. Feature location map 33
Figure 24. Modern shed built over historic Feature 7 concrete slab(view to southeast) 34
Figure 25.Modern shed built over historic Feature 7 concrete slab showing Feature 10.1 wall (view to north) 34
Figure 26. Feature 10.1 wall (view to southeast) 35
Figure 27. Plan map of Feature 13 35
Figure 28. Feature 13 concrete slab and modern chicken coop and farm stand (view to south) 36
Figure 29. Feature 13 concrete slab and modern chicken coop and farm stand(view to west)36
Tables
Table 1. Land Grants in Puakea Ahupua'a 16
Table 2. Previous archaeological work in Puakea Ahupua'a and surrounding areas 27
Table 3.Site 9071 features from NRHP form 32
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INTRODUCTION
At the request of the Puakea Ranch, Haun & Associates completed an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of a
2.14 acre portion of TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082;a 32.411 acre parcel in Puakea Ahupua'a, North Kohala District, Island of
Hawai'i (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The objective of the survey was to satisfy historic preservation regulatory review
requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD),
as contained within Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, State Historic Preservation Rules
2003).
This AIS is prepared in conjunction with a Special Use Permit application for the County of Hawai'i Planning and
Building Departments. The landowners propose to operate the Puakea Ranch as a "Guest Ranch" with the 2.14
acre project area to be used for weddings and other functions and events.
The survey fieldwork was conducted on October 4, 2018 by Haun & Associates Project Supervisor Solomon
Kailihiwa, M.S and Field Archaeologist, Dan Trout, B.A., under the direction of Dr. Alan Haun. Approximately two
person days of labor were required to complete the fieldwork portion of the project. Described in this final report
are the project scope of work, field methods, background information, survey findings, and significance
assessments of the sites with recommended treatments.
Scope of Work
Based on DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys the following specific tasks were determined to constitute an
appropriate scope of work for the project:
1. Conduct background review and research of existing archaeological and historical
documentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity--including
examination of Land Commission Awards, ahupua'a records, historic maps, archival
materials,archaeological reports,and other historical sources;
2. Conduct a high intensity, 100%pedestrian survey coverage of the project area;
3. Conduct detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scale plan drawings,
written descriptions, and photographs,as appropriate;
4. Conduct limited subsurface testing (manual excavation) at selected sites to determine
feature function;
5. Analyze background research and field data; and
6. Prepare and submit Final Report.
Project Area Description
The project area is a rectangular-shaped 2.14 acre area located within Puakea Ranch at elevations ranging from
approximately 530 to 605 feet. The elevations presented in this report are in feet above mean sea level (AMSL).
Figure 3 is an aerial view of the project area taken on May 15, 2018. A plan map of the project area is presented as
Figure 23 in the Findings section of this report.
The project area is bordered on the north,west and south sides by a dirt road with a stone wall (Site 9071, Feature
10.1) forming the eastern project boundary. The majority of the project area is comprised of a maintained grass
lawn (Figure 4 and Figure 5) and areas of dense guinea grass(Panicum maximum;Figure 6 and Figure 7). Stands of
koa haole (Leucaena glauca), with kiawe (Prosopis pallida) are also present. Additional vegetation in the project
1 area consists of night-blooming cereus (Hylocereus undatus), hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus), macadamia nut
Macadamia integrifolia), royal poinciana (Delonix regia), java plum (Syzygium cumini), monkey pod (Samanea
saman),dragonfruit(Hylocereus undatus),and various ornamental plants.
HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 1
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 12
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES 14
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Figure 6.Guinea grass(view to north-northwest)01
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There is an in ground swimming pool located in the western portion of the parcel (Figure 8) and a concentration of
boulders located in a stand of trees to the west of the pool (Figure 9).The boulders were likely bulldozed into their
current location during the ranching activity in the area.A modern shed built on an historic concrete slab is located
along the eastern boundary of the project area (Site 9071, Feature 7) and an historic concrete slab with a modern
chicken coop and an egg stand is located in the northern end of the parcel (Site 9071, Feature 13). These features
are discussed in detail in the Findings section of this report.
The soil in the project area is Kohala silty clay (KhC) on 3_12%slopes.This soil is characterized by an approximately
14 inch thick surface layer of dark silty clay, over an approximately 25-inch thick subsoil of silty clay loam and silty
clay (Sato et al. 1973:31). This is underlain by a substratum of weathered igneous rock. It is classified as suitable
primarily for sugarcane with small areas used for pasture, orchards and truck farms. The underlying weathered
igneous rock substratum was deposited during lava flows associated with the Ha Volcanic Series (Wolfe and
Morris 2001:14 and Sheet 1) and according to Macdonald and Abbott (1970) these flows were deposited
approximately 60,000 to 250,000 years ago.
Annual rainfall in the vicinity of the project area ranges from 204 to 750 mm (8 to 30 inches; Giambelluca et al.
2013). The mean average temperature in this general area is approximately 73.8 degrees F (usclimatedata.com). .
There are no surface water sources in the project area.
Methods
Archival research was conducted at the Hamilton Library Haw and Pacific Collection at the University of Hawaii
at Manoa,the University of Hawaii at Hilo Hawaiian Collection,the Land Survey Office and the Archives Division of
the Hwai'i Department of Accounting and General Services, the Bishop Museum Archives, the State Historic
Preservation Division library in Hilo, the State Survey Division, and the Hawaii State Public Libraries in Honolulu
and Hilo.
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 17
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The field work portion of the project consisted of a 100% surface examination of the parcel with the surveyors
walking transects at 5-meter intervals. Ground surface visibility throughout the parcel was fair to excellent. The
features identified during the project were flagged with pink and blue flagging tape and their locations were
determined with the aid of a Garmin Global Positioning System (GPS) Model 60-series device using the North
American Datum (NAD) 1983 datum. The accuracy of the GPS device for a single point is +/- 3-5 m. This accuracy
was increased to approximately 2-3 meters by taking multiple points including property corners and overlying the
plotted points on a scaled map using AutoCAD software.
The three features of Site 9071 in the project area were documented by completing a standardized site form, and
photographic documentation. The Feature 13 slab with modern chicken coop and farm stand were also recorded
by preparing a scaled plan map made with hand tapes and compass. Due to the historic age of the features, no
subsurface testing was conducted and no cultural material was recovered for analysis.
1
1
1
1
3
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Historical Documentary Research
The project area is situated in the ahupua'a of Puakea in the northern portion of Hawaii Island (Figure 10). The
project area is located within the boundaries of the historic Puakea Ranch headquarters area and is situated
approximately 100 meters inland of the Akoni Pule Highway (Highway 270). The project area is locatedIII
approximately 800 meters seaward of Puu Ula (see Figure 1) and is situated approximately 2,400 meters (1.5
miles) inland from the shoreline at Puakea Point.
According to Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Dictionary (2018), Puakea is literally translated as "Pale or wanting
color". The ahupua'a originates at the shoreline between Puakea Point and Hianaula Point and extends inland
4,100 meters(2.5 miles)to approximately 1,240 ft elevation. It is bordered on the north by Honoipu Ahupua'a and
on the south by Kukuipahui Ahupua'a.
Tomonari-Tuggle (1988) presents a comprehensive historical overview of the North Kohala district, separating the
area into two distinct geographic zones; the windward and leeward areas which are divided by the ridges of the
Kohala Mountain range in a northwest by southeast direction (Figure 11). This line extends between Pu'u Kahone
tin the northwest to Pu'u Pili in the southeast and serves as the demarcation between the dry leeward side and the
relatively wet windward side. The project area is located in the leeward area. According to Tomonari-Tuggle
1988:5):
The long ridge of Kohala Mountain lies perpendicular to the predominant moisture-laden
northeast trade winds and acts as a deflector, pushing the trades upward, where the resultant
cooling condenses the moisture,forming clouds and rain over the summit. The rainfall decreases
on the leeward side as the air warms in its return to lower elevations.
High rainfall is centered over the head of the windward valleys, where average measurement is
200 inches. At the mouth of the Honokane Nui Valley, it is 60 to 80 inches, decreasing northward
toward Hawi where it is 50 inches per year. On the leeward side, median annual rainfall is
approximately 60 inches at Pu'u Hue, which is 579 m (1900 ft) above sea level (Taliaferro
1959:136-137) and approximately 13 inches at Mahukona at the coast. (Tomonari-Tuggle
1988:132-133).
Tomonari-Tuggle cites several historical accounts that document the extensive agricultural use of Kohala.The extent of
the agricultural fields at contact is presented in Figure 12. According to this figure,the project area is located in the
area of non-irrigated agriculture.The During Lt. King's 1779 exploration of the Kohala region,he states:
The country, as far as the eye could reach, seemed fruitful and well inhabited...[three
and four miles inland, plantations of taro and potatoes and wauke] neatly set out in rows. The walls
that separate them are made of the loose burnt stone, which are got in clearing the ground; and
being entirely concealed by sugarcanes planted close on each side, make the most beautiful
fences that can be conceived. [The exploring party stopped six or seven miles from the sea] at the
second but they found among the plantations...To the left a continuous range of villages,
interspersed with groves of coconut trees spreading along the sea-shore; a thick wood behind this;
and to the right, an extent of ground laid out in regular and well-cultivated plantations, as far as the
eye could reach(cited in Tomanari-Tuggle 1988:16-18).
I
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 19
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES 110
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES 111
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Figure 12,Map of the North Kohala District at Contact from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:17)
HAUN &ASSOCIATES I 12
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1 Similar observations were made in 1793 by Archibald Menzies and in 1823 by William Ellis. According to Ellis,
Streams of water were frequent, and a large quantity of ground was cultivated on their banks, and in the vicinity
1963:19)",and Menzies states:
From the north-west point of the island ['Upolu Point], the country stretches back for a
considerable distance with a very gradual ascent,and is destitute of trees or bushes of any kind.
But it bears every appearance of industrious cultivation by the number of small fields into
which it is laid out(cited in Tominari-Tuggle1988:20).
As indicated above, the project area is located in Tomonari-Tuggle's (1998) Leeward area. The agricultural use of
this area is characterized by a," ...massive field system [the Kohala field system] which sweeps across the leeward
slopes of Kohala [and] reaches the coast at the ahupua`a of Kukuipahu" (1988:11-23). This field system extended
from the shoreline inland to the forests, and was characterized by cross slope walls designed to block the
prevailing trade winds. Using aerial photographs, Tomonari-Tuggle created a map depicting the extent of the
1 Kohala Field System (Figure 13). As indicated in this figure, the present project area is located along the northern
fringes of the complex.
The North Kohala District is of particular significance as the birthplace of Kamehameha I, who was born just to the
south at Mo'okini Heiau (see Figure 12). The district was also the place where his armies gathered to prepare for
war and was a training ground for young warriors(I'i 1983:15).According to the National Park Service website, the
Mo`okini Heiau is one of the first luakini or sacrificial heiau in the Hawaiian Islands. It is described as follows:
Tradition says that a temple was first built on the northernmost tip of the Island of Hawaii
sometime in the 5th century by the high priest Mo'okini. Later oral tradition says that the current
U heiau was built on the older temple between the 13th and 14th centuries by Pa'ao, a legendary
priest from either Tahiti or Samoa who is said to have introduced the Hawaiians to human
sacrifice, the walled heiau, and several types of kapu — the system of religious, political, and
social laws that governed every aspect of daily life. Pa'ao was said to have lived near Mo'okini
Heiau and founded a lineage of priests that served the ali'i 'ai mo (paramount chief)of the Island
of Hawai'i through the early part of the 19th century.
Ancient Hawaiians had many types of heiau, each with their own distinct function and use by
particular segments of society. Heiau ranged in size from single upright stones to massive and
complex structures. Larger heiau were built by ali'i (chiefs), but the largest and most complex,
the luakini heiau(sacrificial temple),could only be constructed and dedicated by an ali'i'ai moku.
Luakini heiau were reserved for rituals involving human or animal sacrifice and were generally
dedicated to the war god Ku. Rituals performed at a luakini heiau highlighted the ali'i 'ai moku's
spiritual, economic, political, and social control over his lands and his authority over the life and
death of his people.
Mo'okini Heiau was active through the early part of the 19th century and was Kamehameha l's
war temple, housing his family's war god Ku-ka-'ili-moku before the transfer of the god to
Kamehameha's new war temple Pu'ukohola Heiau, 21 miles down the coast near Kawaihae.
Kamehameha l's son and heir Liholiho also used Mo'okini Heiau. In 1819, after his father's death,
Liholiho ended kapu and abolished that part of the Hawaiian religion that depended on heiau. In
spite of royal orders that they be destroyed, Mo'okini and several other large heiau were spared.
It was believed that they had acquired mana (spiritual energy), which protected them against
human destruction. (https://www.nps.gov)
HAUN &ASSOCIATES J 13
11
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HAU N & ASSOCIATES I 14
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In January 1778 Cook landed in Waimea, Kauai and the culture of old Hawaii began its spiraling change(Day 1992).
Cook left Hawaii for several months, but returned later in the year. Kalani'opu'u was fighting Kahekili's forces in
Wailua, Maui on November 19, 1778 when Cook's ship was sighted on his return trip to the islands. Kalani'opu'u
visited Cook on the Resolution, while Kahekili visited Clerke on the Discovery(Kuykendall and Day 1976:16).
When Cook sailed into Kealakekua Bay on January 17, 1779, Kalani'opu'u was still fighting Kahekili on Maui. At this
time Kahekili's brother Ka'eo-kulani was ruling chief of Kauai; Ka-hahana was ruling chief of Oahu and Molokai;
Kahekili'ahumanu of western Maui, Lanai and Kaho'olawe; and Kalani`opu'u was ruling chief of Hawaii and Hana
Kamakau, 1992:84-86, 92, 97-98). On January 25th Kalani`opu'u visited Cook again at Kealakekua Bay, presenting
him with several feather cloaks. In February Cook's plan to kidnap Kalani'opu'u as a hostage was thwarted and
Cook was killed following a skirmish over a stolen cutter(Kuykendall and Day 1976:18).
Following contact with Westerners, the population of North Kohala declined significantly. According to State
Statistician Schmitt (1977:27), between 1832and 1835, the population in this area declined 26%. This decline was
due in large part to the introduction of diseases by the early visitors.This decline accompanied a shift in settlement
away from the leeward coasts to the interior and to windward areas.
The economy of the islands experienced change as industry and capitalism emerged. The sandalwood trade was
established by Euro-Americans in 1790 and by 1805 had become a burgeoning enterprise (Oliver 1961). By the
1820's, the sandalwood trade was wreaking havoc on the commoners who were weakening with the heavy
production, exposure, and famine just to fill the coffers of the ali'i who were no longer under any control
constraints (Oliver 1961:261; Kuykendall and Day 1976:42; Bushnell 1993:212). The lack of control of the
sandalwood trade was to soon create the first Hawaiian national debt as promissory notes and levies were
initiated by American traders and enforced by American warships (Oliver 1961:261, 262). "In the 1820s, the
sandalwood trade was at its peak and every tree found was cut for its value.The forests of Kohala,which reached
almost to the Kawaihae shore as late as 1815, contained an abundance of the coveted wood, presumably the dry
land species" (n.a. 1967:16).
The Hawaiian culture was well on its way towards Western assimilation as industry in Hawaii went from the
sandalwood trade, to a short-lived whaling industry,to cattle ranching, and the more lucrative, but insidious sugar
industry. Sugar cane was grown on all islands and when Cook arrived, he wrote of seeing sugar cane plantations.
The Chinese on Lanai are credited with first producing sugar as early as 1802; however, it was not until 1835 that
sugar became established commercially, primarily to replace a waning sandalwood industry (Oliver 1961:263;
Kuykendall and Day 1976:92).
In the 1840s, political acts of the Hawaiian Kingdom government would change the land tenure system in Hawaii.
All lands were segregated into one of three categories: "Crown Lands" owned by the occupant of the throne,
l Government Lands" controlled by the state, and "Konohiki Lands" controlled by the chiefs; and "were all subject
to the rights of native tenants" (Chinen 1958:29, Beamer 2014:143). In 1846, King Kamehameha III appointed a
Board of Commissioners commonly known as the Land Commissioners, to "confirm or reject all claims to land
arising previously to the 10th
day of December, AD 1845." Notices were frequently posted in The Polynesian
Moffat and Kirkpatrick, 1995); however, the legislature did not acknowledge this act until June 7, 1848 (Chinen
1958:16; Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995:48-49) and the act is known today as The Great Mahele. In 1850, the
Kingdom government passed laws allowing foreigners to purchase fee simple lands (Speakman 2001:91). The
Kuleana Act of 1850 allowed for fee simple land ownership by commoners.
111 The Waihona 'Aina (2000) Mahele Database; which is a compilation of data from the Indices of Awards (Indices
1929), Native Register (NR n.d.), Native Testimony (NT n.d.), Foreign Register (FR n.d.) and Foreign Testimony (FT
n.d.) provides information on the Land Commission Awards (LCA) during the Mahele. This database indicates that
I
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two claims were made in Puakea Ahupua`a. LCA 8746 was claimed by Keawe and LCA 8879B by Kamalamailalo.
Only LCA 8879B was subsequently awarded. The location of this LCA is not depicted on available tax maps of the
area. LCA 8746 and LCA 8879B are presented in detail in Appendix A.
LCA 8746 to Keawe describes an enclosed house lot with two houses, in the 'iii of Laleakone with two houses on it
surrounded by public land. The land passed from Keohokalole to Kekuannui and from Kekuanui to Keawe. LCA
I8879BtoKamalamailalodescribesafencedhouselotwithfivehouses, three of which were owned by
Kamalamailalo and two that were owned by his father Kaulemamoku,The land was owned by Kamalamailalo since
the time of Kamehameha I.
IThelandofPuakea (and the surrounding ahupua'a) were divided into land grants between 1852 and 1862. Figure
14 is a portion of Lydgate's 1893 Hawai'i Register Map 1705 showing the project area obtained from the Archives
Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services (http://ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map31search). This map indicates that there are nine grants in Puakea Ahupua'a. Table 1, compiled from information
obtained the Waihona 'Aina (2000) Mahele Database indicates that these grants ranged in area from 18 to 320
acres. According to Figure 14, the majority of the Puakea Ranch Headquarters area (TMK: (3) 5-6-001) is situated IinGrant2361toHenryChristenson, with a small portion located in Grant 1999 to Kahionamaka. The present
project area is located in Grant 2361.
Table 1.Land Grants in Puakea Ahupua'a I
Grant Grantee Ahupua'a Year obtained Grantacreage
744 Paahao Puakea 1 1852 _ 50.2
745 Kaniho Puakea 1852 18 I
1549 Kaluhilau Puakea 2 1855 24.7
1550 Malamailalo Puakea 2 1855 88.5
1958 Papa Puakea 1855 19.32 I
1999 Kahionamaka Puakea 1856 107.65
2361 Henry Christiansen Puakea and Honoipu 1857 320
2777 Henere Puakea 1861 32 III
2848 Henry Christiansen Puakea,Honoipu and Lahuiiki 1862 77.3
By 1858 at least 2,119 foreigners lived in Hawaii. Many were merchants who traded and provided provisions, I
ranchers and missionaries, who lived in various locations throughout the islands. "Foreigners engaged in
agricultural pursuits with the idea of reaping a profit from the land, in contrast with the Hawaiians, who carried
on...subsistence agriculture" (Coulter 1971:11). In the 1860s, the U. S. Civil War brought about a boost for the
sugar industry in Hawaii as sugar plantations in the South were boycotted or destroyed. And while Rev. Lorenzo
Lyons was busy building churches; Imiolo in Waimea, Hoku Loa at Puako and one at Kawaihae (n.a. 1967:18-19),
Rev. Elias Bond was getting involved in the sugar business.Ill
In 1860, Rev. Bond engaged his "long-time acquaintance" (Stephenson 1977:7), Samuel N. Castle in founding the
Kohala Sugar Company on lands owned by Bond and his neighbor Dr. James Wight. The first crop of the Kohala
Sugar Company was harvested in January 1865 (KTF 1975:69). Kohala's transition was a reflection of what was II
happening elsewhere in Hawaii, as the sugar industry grew. The industry brought in tens of thousands of laborers
from Asia, Europe, the Americas, Oceania, and Africa to work on the many plantations and mills that were being 1
established on all major islands (Oliver 1961:123). Bond's influence on the expansion of the Kohala sugar industry is
described byTomonari-Tuggle:
When Elias Bond directed his efforts to initiating sugar as a major agricultural industry in Kohala,he could I
not have foreseen the incredible success at his modest venture.His primary concern was to develop a
1111
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 116
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES 117
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means for Hawaiian people of the district to compete successfully in the market economy that had
evolved in Hawaii.What resulted was a vigorous,stable,and competitive industry which survived over a
century of changing economic situated. For the Hawaiian people, however, the impact was not what
Bond anticipated.
The "triumphant march" brought along not merely a strengthened economy but a new and prevailing
resource,the sugar industry,which abruptly interrupted the process of indigenous adaptation to
Westernization and instituted fundamental changes to the demographic composition of the community,
to the organization of settlements,and to the patterns of land use.Kohala during this 50 year period was
a frontier community characterized by a variety of people, settlements, and commercial ventures.
Newcomers to the district were filling an economic void with numerous and diverse endeavors, from
which only a few would emerge successful.The void presented a challenge and what already existed in
the district was insignificant in terms of what could potentially develop.
The nature of the community and the organization of land were drastically altered. The
Hawaiian population, already decimated by disease and outmigration, was insufficient for
the needs of market-oriented agriculture, and waves of immigrant labor from the Orient, Portugal,
Puerto Rico, and the Philippines arrived. Americans, British, and other northern Europeans
came as managers and administrators.All were pioneers, leaving family,friends,and homes to seek
better lives in the Kohala sugar frontier.
The sugar mills and their associated plantations held a collective preeminence as major agents of Ichangeanddevelopmentinthedistrict. Kohala Sugar Company, Bond's model for economic
security,was incorporated in 1863.After a decade of struggling,the company finally showed a credit
balance in 1872,which coincided with the Reciprocity Treaty of 1876 between the United States and
Hawaii. Although Bond maintained a paternal watch over the welfare of his congregation of
laborers, his influence in the operation of the mill and plantation eventually waned before the
demands of the profit-motive and his increasing age.
By the time of Bond's death in 1896,the company was flourishing and completion had arisen in the
form of five other sugar mills.Spurred on by the Reciprocity Treaty,sugar pioneers saw the potential
of commercial development in Kohala. Dr. James Wight, one of the early haole residents of the
district,stated the first of the other mills in 1873, at Halawa. In 1874, Union Mill and Plantation Co.
started by the Hinds of Maui and later headed by James Renton,was set up in Honomaka'u.Judge
C.F Hart, formerly of Kona, moved to Kohala to start Niuli`i Mill in 1877; originally milling native-
grown cane, he soon expanded into a field operation as well. R.R. and John Hind moved to Hawai
after selling Union Mill and set up the Hawi Mill and Plantation Co. and its two sugar-growing
subsidiaries, Puakea and Homesteads Plantations, in 1881. In an effort to improve operations,the
Hawi Company constructed the Hoea Mill in 1904,Star Mill in Kapa'au, operated only briefly in the
early 1880s.(Tomonari-Tuggle 1988:40-42)
Figure 15 is Tomonari-Tuggle's(1988:41)map of the Kohala region in the later 19th Century depicting the above mentioned
camps and mills. This map indicates that the project area was not under sugar cane cultivation. The burgeoning sugar
industry also resulted in the development of a rail system used to transport the cane from the fields to mills.
The demands of the successful sugar production stimulated the formation of two supportive enterprises.
To service mills,the Hawaiian Railroad Company,started by S.G.Wilder in 1881 and completed in 1883,
ran from Mahukona to Niuli`i over 17 trestles and almost 20 miles of rail. Previously dependent on ox-
cart transport of cane to landings at Hapu'u Kauhola Pt.,and Honoipu,the mills,with one exception,now
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 118
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Figure 15.Map of the North Kohala District in the Later 19th Century from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:41)
I
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had efficient access to a landing at Mahukona on the sheltered lee side of the district. Hawi Mill
continued to uses its landing at Honoipu. In 1884,the rail company carried 20,000 tons of freight and I6,000 passengers (Best 1978:43), proving itself a viable and nearly indispensable means of
transportation. At the end of the century, the line was purchased by a conglomerate of plantations;
again Hawi refused participation,although it eventually joined in 1912.(Tomonari-Tuggle 1988:42)1
In 1897,the Hawaiian Railroad Company was dissolved and a new company,the Hawaii Railway, was incorporated.The
Hawaii Railway was sold in 1899 to the four Kohala sugar plantations that it served (Union Mill, Halawa Plantation,
Kohala Plantation,and Niuli'i Plantation).The Hawi Mill and Plantation preferred to haul cane by wagon to its landing at
Honoipu until 1912 when it also purchased a share of the railroad. Passenger service by the railroads ended by 1920 as
automobiles became more common. The Hawaii Railway was dis-incorporated on 1937 and reincorporated as the
Mahukona terminals.The railroad was eventually abandoned in 1939 (Best 1978:42-48). As indicated in Figure 15 the
portion of the railroad in Puakea Ahupua'a is located approximately 1,100 meters seaward ofthe project area.
Not everyone was in favor the railroad and its impact the community.Conde cites an 1882 letter from a farmer whose land
was being:
ruthlessly destroyed by the railroad overseers of S.G.Wilder.This act is equal to that of plain murder, Ibecausethelivelihoodofmyselfandmyfamilyisreducedtonothing,that is. My plants and that of my
family are covered with dirt, the taro, banana, ti leaves, coffee, mango, orange, bamboo, and other
plants.My property is filled with fruits,but these days it is reduced to naught.(Conde 1971:40)
The expansion of the Kohala sugar industry in the 1920s and 19305 required a significant labor force and immigrants
primarily from China and Portugal began arriving.The camps where the immigrants lived were typically located in close
proximity to the fields so that the workers could walk to work (Schweitzer 2003). In order to supply the needs of the
burgeoning immigrant population a variety of associated business emerged.
The population of the region went into decline, due in part to young people being lured from the country to larger I
towns and cities, especially Honolulu. Between 1940 and 1950 the population declined 17% to 4,456 people. By
1960,there were only 3,386 people in Kohala (Schmitt 1977:12). In 1975 the Kohala Mill closed its doors because of
the declining population and disputes between the unions and management.
As discussed above, Henry Christensen purchased Grant 2361 (location of project area) and Grant 2848 in the
interior of Puakea Ahupua'a and surrounding areas (see Figure 14). A sheep ranch was initially established along 111withsomesugarcanecultivation; however,the latter was unsuccessful due to the crude equipment available at the
time(Henke 1929:41).
Christensen's lands in Puakea and Kukuipahu were purchased by Dr. James Wight around 1875 who subsequently 1
established a sugarcane and ranching operation on the property. Dr. Wight settled in Kohala in late 1840s after a
ship he was traveling on wrecked off the coast of Mahukona. He operated a drug store in the area and also served
as a Circuit Judge between 1852 and 1863. He was later was elected to the House of Representatives and
subsequently to the House of Nobles under the Hawaiian Monarchy(Clark et al. 2013:31).
Dr. Wight obtained a substantial interest in the Kohala Sugar Plantation and established another plantation in
Halawa. He constructed an animal powered mill at Puakea According to an article in The Pacific Commercial
Advertiser (precursor to the Honolulu Advertiser) a total of 1,118 tons of sugarcane were produced at Puakea in
1919 with an estimated 1,050 tons to be produced in 1920(Figure 16).
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 120
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I
s
THE PACIFIC COMMERCIAL ADt f
1
Arland
x . .. •4 ':.rte., ` . , _
i,
i Shipments To First t
I.
of Month, 39,493 Tons
Sbt!ria."nit of 14:Mi /111317.1431.114,
011:
1‘..17.,MIakulioua.krhfaaro 4,for San Foams 1
to Fob oar. 1 totol*d t0. :otk th. fallowitg Int Aipmewto:eomper.d Wilk 64,k33 tone shippa,i to j Peahen, 100 town to Weween; Union
Frt.ruarr I, 11114- The following tuba- Hill. 11i1: Haat.6f2,'Yr two las: be"
inline will+hors the shipment.fur ritesI lag to Crockett. The Annie Johnson's
1 yenr classified: et.ruo totaled 1090 to.,,
IWO Intl The hIrrims *tenser Kaebes. milieu;Sugar Fa•.i.as . 35,739 5$.647 Februarys 7,took 611 tune for C:orkett. t
Wow ern . 1.401 4,00/1 The Mat•onio took(1421)tun,to 1'rorkett i
Helloed . I,I71 2.0011 aid SAO tone of refined. t
Loadings In Neal htura
Total ........ 30.143 64.95.; !Helmut.. to sail in the arae future
Shipments site* February I lordwilll. d at ports and take ..1,,i meet., !Iron. Western Tama,2.143;Farten'. approrim*rely a.follows:
1003:; refitted. 530—a aruwd to'al tr tihoietta Port Allen. 3000 tons to' !`
dale of 3 40Wasters;3 ions,of whirl 2403 tons Manor.H so'w`n and Kaba'at..
is refined. allot .1000 tow.: Rll,era.to. Honolulu
Oiaa'e *lest Illagalleit and Mnbukona,3200'ars.port Western; d
System p lmillshart%hiptheir I3200,rat Meriden. Kahului. all Wes•ern.' !
meat.entre the last report•week ago The s•ze of the Maas'*eargo is serer.
Mae writ 113 ton.by the Maters Crum tato.
re M.••oaia,whir,sailed from HmonolaThefollowingtableshow.Ainests)
h.Wednesday:portiere*hipped its first to F,•hreors I by ploatatioas freciAe i
lot by the Yatsntie,1200 tone:red rho Prouty Mill iarludea Hosok ..; lair in,' i
rtnutHelenaenhnerAnnieJ.din.. . front eludes Knots, Agriettitural I.teoapm«wt.
sw_*,E.tl.o.t . r.,t'.t, I l.te t'MpHAWAII
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Figure 16.February 13,1920 article from The Pacific Commercial Advertiser(from newspapers.com)
According to Henke's A Survey of Livestock in Hawaii, the history of the ranch is described below:
Dr. James Wight acquired the Puakea Ranch lands about 1875 and continued with the sheep
IIIranch, the sheep at that time numbering about 7000 head of the Merino breed. Robert Mason
acted as manager from about 1875 to 1882 and was followed by Hans Martinsen,who continued
till 1886,when J. H. MacKenzie became manager for Dr. Wight and continued to 1901.
Dr. Wight about 1886 imported two Maltese jacks at a cost of$1400 and he was probably one of
the first men to breed mules in Hawaii.
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Since the sheep suffered from scab, and wild dogs killed many, cattle were substituted for the
sheep in the eighties and there were few or no sheep left after 1890. Two Shorthorn bulls were
imported from California and bred to the native cattle and Shorthorn blood predominated on
Puakea Ranch till 1901,although some Hereford blood was introduced as early as 1889. Beef had
little value at this time and many cattle were sold as work oxen for the cane fields.
While Mr. MacKenzie was manager water was brought eight miles from the Kohala mountains,
some wells were dug near the beach and some fences built. When Arthur Mason became
manager in 1901 the ranch had about 3000 cattle. During the next twenty years Hereford blood
gradually replaced the Shorthorns. Eighteen Herefords, eight bulls and ten cows were imported
from Oregon in 1908 at a cost of$130 each and five bulls were imported from Kentucky in 1920
at a cost of$500 each. (Henke 1929:41-42)
Following the death of Dr. Wight on September 2, 1905 at the age of 91. The ranch was operated by Robert
Shingle, E. H. Wodehouse, and A. W. T. Bottomley, trustees for the James Wight Estate. According to Adams and
Athens (1994:18) by 1910, 8,758 acres of land were under the control of the Puakea Ranch. Water to the ranch IandsugarmillweresuppliedbytheKohalaDitch, which supplied several plantations in the area emptying into a
reservoir in Puakea. The supply of water was inadequate for the successful cultivation of sugarcane and the last
cane crop was harvested in 1930. (Clark et al. 2013:31). 1
According to Henke, the Puakea Ranch also included an area formerly known as Puuhue Ranch (1929:40). "The
headquarters of the Puuhue Ranch operated as a separate ranch previous to about 1906 when an amalgamation
with Puakea Ranch was effected which will expire in 1930..."(1929:40). The characteristics of the combined
ranches are described as follows:
These combined ranches run from the sea to an elevation of about 4000 feet and have a total I
area of about 25,000 acres and at present have about 5000 Herefords, 350 light horses and 10
Berkshire sows.
Good Hereford bulls as well as females have been imported from time to time and the ranches at
present have 85 range bulls and 75 selected females that are bred to specially good bulls for the
production of the range bulls. The range bulls are segregated from the cattle from July to
February.
The rainfall at the Puakea Ranch headquarters has varied between 30 and 63 inches since 1920.
The water needed for the cattle comes from the Kohala mountains.
Paspalum dilatatum has been planted quite extensively and has done very well. Koa haole
Leucaena glauca) is being experimented with as a promising low land forage crop. Pigeon peas ICajanusindicus) have not been extensively tried,although results of such attempts as have been
made with this legume have not been too encouraging. Plenty of Bermuda grass (Cynodon
dactylon) and some red top (Tricholaena rosea) is found on the lower and intermediate IelevationsandHilograss (Paspalum conjugatum) is quite abundant on the upper lands. A
scattering of Ohia lehua trees is found over the upper section with practically all their branches
on the leeward side of the tree, which is indicative of the strong winds that prevail much of the
time.
The ranches are in need of more fences and paddocks to facilitate segregation and control of the11
animals at different ages and to give newly planted grasses an opportunity to get started while 4
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 122
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Ithe cattle are kept out of certain sections for a time.These paddocks are included in the plans for
the development of the ranches.
PP Cattle are marketed from two years of age to about five, at which time they weigh about 450 to
650 pounds dressed weight. About 500 to 600 are shipped to Honolulu annually, with an
additional 180 slaughtered on the ranch for consumption in the Kohala district. Cattle for
Honolulu are loaded at Kawaihae. The Mahukona beach is not suitable for loading cattle on the
Inter-Island boats.
It is planned to reduce the number of horses which are kept for sale to various parties. No mules
are produced on the ranch at the present time. (Henke 1929:41)
As many landowners did, Dr. Wight brought in laborers to work the land, contributing to a wave of 185,000
Japanese immigrants who came to Hawaii in the 19th
and
20th Centuries (https://keolamagazine.com). Zenjiro
Kawamoto and his wife Wasa Watabayashi immigrated to North Kohala from Hiroshima as part of the wave of
Japanese immigration. They settled at Puakea Ranch and moved into what would eventually be called the
Cowboy House" (see Figure 20 below). The Kawamotos raised three children at the ranch; Masato (Johnny),
Yoshio (Yoshi), and Thelma. The family went on to oversee the operations of the Puakea Ranch for four
generations.
The Parker Ranch began leasing the Puakea Ranch lands from the James Wight Estate in 1932,agreeing to a twenty
year lease agreement for a fee of $2,500 per year. The lease of the ranch land is memorialized in a February 9,
I 1932 article in the Honolulu Advertiser (Figure 17). Richard Smart of the Parker Ranch eventually purchased the
Puakea Ranch lands outright in 1944 (https://puakearanch.com).
willil.a..sats,,.
I PARKER RANCH
BUYS KOHALA CO.
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Figure 17.February 9,1932 article from The Honolulu Advertiser(from newspapers.com)
IIFigure 18 is a portion of the USGS 1930 Hawi quadrangle showing the location of the project area and the Puakea
Ranch headquarters.The headquarters are situated on the mauka side of the historic road that follows the path of
the current Akoni Pule Highway. The map also shows a road extending seaward to Honoipu Landing and the
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES 123
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railroad extending throughout Puakea Ahupua'a at approximately 170 to 200 ft elevation. A cluster of buildings is
located inland of Honoipu Landing and three houses are present mauka of the railroad line.
Figure 19 is a portion of an aerial view of the project area vicinity taken on December 20, 1976 by the U.S.
Geological Survey and obtained from the University of Hawai'i at Manoa online library
http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu). This photograph shows the extent of the Puakea Ranch headquarters at this
time. 1
In the 1980s the Parker Ranch subsequently sold 200 acres of the Puakea Ranch lands to a real estate developer
and the Kawamoto family and other ranch employees were asked to relocate. The Puakea Ranch headquarters,111includingthepresentprojectareasubsequentlyfellintodisrepair.
The Puakea Ranch headquarters was purchased by Christie Cash and her partner James Nelson in 2005. Her desire
was to create a "low impact, eco-minded, low-density place for families that was an alternative to the resorts."
https://keolamagazine.com. She took great efforts to restore the ranch buildings to their original condition and
today the Puakea Ranch provides overnight accommodations for tourists.The area was informally recorded by the
landowners in a June 2009 National Register of Historic Places form (Appendix B). The ranch buildings were
subsequently assigned SIHP Site designation 50-10-2-9071. The current extent of the facility, comprising the 32.4
acre TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082 is depicted in Figure 20. The buildings consist of following: The Saddle House, James
Cottage(built 1920s),The Cowboy House (1880s),The Toy Box,The Tool Shed,The Chicken Coop,The Tree House,
Yoshi's House(1940s)and Miles Away(1930s).
Previous Archaeological Research
A considerable amount of archaeological research has been conducted within Puakea Ahupua'a, including the
entirety of the portion of the ahupua'a seaward of the Akoni Pule Highway.These projects,totaling more than 750
acres are shown in Figure 21 and summarized in Table 2. Not included in the figure or table are the Statewide
Survey of Historic Places survey that extended along the west coast of Hawai'i Island and the historical overview of
the North Kohala district by Tomonari-Tuggle (1988). The sites identified during these projects were subsequently
documented during surveys by Bury et al. (2006), Clark et al. (2013), Rosendahl (1982a, 1982b) and are included in
those entries.
The prior archaeological studies in the area indicate widespread disturbance associated with historic cattle
ranching. Despite this disturbance, 60 sites have been documented. This equates to an estimated density of 13
sites per acre.
Between 1982 and 1993 a series of field inspections, reconnaissance surveys and excavation projects were
conducted of a 440 acre parcel that extends from the shoreline at Honoipu Landing inland to the Akoni Pule
Highway. These projects were conducted by Barrera (1984, 1992, 1993) and Rosendahl (1982a, 1982b, 1984).
These combined projects identified a total of 22 sites comprised predominately of pre-contact to early historic
habitation sites, along several agricultural and burial sites. A portion of the historic railroad grade that extends
through the area was also documented.
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 124
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 125
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES 126
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TMK : ( 3 ) 5 - 6 - 001 : Por . 082 Report No . 1510-022019
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II Figure 20.Current extent of Puakea Ranch
Table 2.Previous archaeological work in Puakea Ahupua'a and surrounding areas
Author Ahupua'a StudyType* Elevation(ft Acreage No of Historic useAMA) sites
Bury et al.(2006),Clark sial. Puakea and Kukuipahui Archaeological Inventory 0-200 78.4 25 Cattle ranching2013) Survey
Field inspection,
Barrera(1984,1922,1993),Puakea and Honoipu Reconnaissance, 0-550 440.0 22 Cattle ranchingkiRosendhal(1982a,19826,1984)Excavation
Clark and Rechtman(2005) Puakea and Kukuipahui
Archaeological Inventory 200-500 215.0 13 Cattle ranching
I
Survey
Corbin and Rosendahl(2006) Puakea and Kukuipahui Archaeological Inventory 450-550 24.6 0 Cattle ranchingSurvey
Tota' 758.0 60
I
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Figure 21.Previous archaeological work
I
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IClark and Rechtman (2005) conducted an archaeological inventory survey pf a 215 acre parcel in Puakea and
Kukuipahu Ahupua`a. This survey area extended inland from the Bury et al. (2006) and Clark et al. (2013) project
area east to the Akoni Pule Highway. Large portions of the area had been mechanically cleared for pasture
Iimprovement; however, 13 sites were documented.The sites consisted of a platform,two habitation complexes, a
habitation/resource procurement area, a modified outcrop/wind break, a complex comprised of a water tank, a
I concrete water trough, and two foundations, a concrete survey marker, a cairn and five modified
outcrops/alignments
Bury et al. (2006) conducted an archaeological inventory survey of a 78.5 acre parcel in coastal Puakea, extending
from the shoreline at Holana Bay inland to approximately 200 ft. Portions of this area were subsequently examined
by Clark et al. (2013). A total of 25 sites have been identified in this area consisting of two survey markers, a
I
portion of the railroad grade that extends through the area, World War II Navy tower installation, eight pre-
contact to early historic habitation complexes,three habitation enclosures and two enclosure remnants,two burial
platforms,two alignments,a mound and three cairns.
I The area immediately to the south of the present project area was surveyed by Corbin and Rosendahl (2006).The
area is comprised of former Puakea Ranch pasture land that had been previously grubbed. No archaeological sites
or features were identified during this project.
IBased on the archaeological work conducted in the area,the majority of the habitation sites in Puakea are located
along the coast. The interior portions, including the present project area are located along the northern fringes of
the vast agricultural complex known as the Kohala Field System as defined by Tomonari-Tuggle (1988; see Figure
II 13).
L
PROJECT EXPECTATIONS
Based on historic documentary research and on the previous archaeological work in the area it is unlikely that
evidence of the pre-contact use of the project area will be present. The historic use of the parcel will likely be
Ievidenced by the remnants of the Puakea Ranch,consisting of historic structures, roads,and walls.
CONSULTATION
IIThe current landowner, Ms. Christie Cash has conducted extensive research into the Puakea Ranch and the people
who called it home. In an October 24, 2017 letter to the architecture branch of the SHPD requesting permission to
reconstruct several structures on the property, Ms. Cash provides insight into the Kawamoto family who oversawIIP
the operations of the Puakea Ranch for generations,and a general historic of the ranch.According to Ms. Cash:
Because these structures no longer exist and only foundations or ruins remain, we must rely on
the oral history of Masa and Thelma Kawamoto who lived at Puakea and were both born at
Puakea in the Cowboy House in the 1920's.As children,their mother worked for the family in the
big house" and Masa described it as a large two story home with many bedrooms. According to
Masa, many big parties and gatherings were held and his mother worked the parties as kitchen
help. Masa and Yoshi would hunt pheasants for the parties and his mother would prepare them.
He described this to me when he came to visit Puakea and teach me the history he could.
fik From 1870-1928, descendants and relatives of James Wight of Kohala resided in the home and
managed Puakea Planation and Ranch.The home was considered to be a grand estate and many
I parties and gatherings were hosted at the home, as "The Society" was a very important part of
the predominantly British culture of North Kohala Sugar's growers and Mill owners. Prominent
Plantation Families of the time including Mrs. & Mrs. H. R. Bryant, Mr. & Mrs. James S. Wight,
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Mr. Robert Leighton Hind and Mr. & Mrs. H.P. Woods were all residences of the estate home
from 1870-1940.
Beginning in 1928-1932, management of Puakea was controlled Mr. John Hind, who was the 1presidentofthePuakeaPlantationCompany. Beginning in the 1930s, Parker Ranch also took a
greater interest and control of Puakea. In 1944, Richard Smart purchased Puakea Ranch from the
James Wight Estate where it had been part of the vast Wight Estate holdings beginning in the 11850s.
1
1
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I FINDINGS
I The archaeological inventory survey of the project area identified three features (Features 7, 10.1 and 13) of a
previously identified site. As discussed in the background section of this report, the Puakea Ranch headquarters
was previously documented by the landowners as SIHP Site 9071. A total of 12 features were recorded as part of
I
the site, consisting of houses (Features 1. 2 and 3), bunk houses, 4, 5 and 6), a garage (Feature 7), a slaughter
house(Feature 8), a sugar mill (Feature 9),a series of rock walls(Feature 10), a network of corrals(Feature 11)and
a saddle shop(Feature 12;Table 3 and Figure 22).
IThe survey documented a modern building built over an historic concrete slab (Feature 7), a section of the Feature
10 wall, designated as Feature 10.1 and a newly identified concrete slab that appears to be historic in origin
Feature 13). A chicken coop and a farm stand have been built on the Feature 13 concrete slab. The location of the
Ifeatures within the 2.14 acre project area is presented in Figure 23.
Feature 7 was originally described as a garage outbuilding on the NRHP form (see Appendix B). The feature is
I located along the eastern boundary of the project area to the west of the Feature 10.1 stone wall. According to the
landowner, at the time the form was completed, the building consisted of a concrete slab with the collapsed
remnants of a rusted metal structure under a dragonfruit tree (pers. comm.). The metal framework was
I subsequently removed and a wooden building was built on the concrete foundation (Figure 24 and Figure 25).This
building currently functions as a tool shed. It is rectangular in shape and is 18 feet (5.4 meters) long (northeast by
southwest) and 12 feet (3.65 meters) wide. Some of the materials used to construct the modern shed were
Iscavenged from other structures on the property.
Feature 10.1 is a stone wall that extends along the inland side of the project area. The extent of this wall is
presented in Figure 23. The wall is part of a network of walls that extend throughout the Puakea Ranch area that
I I were designated as `Building 10" in the NRHP form (see Appendix B).The wall originates at the northeastern
corner of the project area, adjacent to a dirt road. It extends to the south-southwest for 252 feet (77.0 meters)
Iwhere a 22 feet (6.8 meter)wide gap is located.The wall continues on the southern side of the gap for another 66
feet (20.1 meters) where the wall terminates at the northern side of the dirt road. The ends of the wall on each
side of the gap and at the southern end are flared out. The wall continues to the south outside the project area.
The wall evidences an overall length of 340 feet (103.9 meters) long, varying in width from 2.9 to 3.6 feet (0.9 toI1.1 meters) wide and 3.2 to 4.1 feet (1.0 to 1.15 meters) in height. It is built of stacked and faced boulders and
cobbles with a core-filled cobble interior. Overviews of the wall are presented in Figure 25 and Figure 26. No
Icultural material was found in association with the wall.
Feature 13 is a concrete slab located to the northwest of Feature 7.The slab is depicted on Figure 22 map included
Iin the NRHP form (see Appendix B); however it was not described or assigned a feature designation. The slab is
rectangular in shape and is 25 feet (7.6 meters) long (northeast by southwest), and 12 feet (3.65 meters) built of
formed concrete. A series of kiawe wood posts extend around the east and west sides of the slab. Several modern
additions to the feature have been constructed at the slab (Figure 27). A chicken coop has been built on the slab
over the southern portion of the slab with a farm stand located in the northeastern corner (Figure 28 and Figure
29).A pig pen and a chicken/rabbit pen extend to the south. No cultural material is present.
IThe portion of Site 9071 in the project area is associated with the historic use of the Puakea Ranch. The Feature 7
slab originally functioned as the foundation for a garage and has been repurposed for use as a tool shed. The
Feature 10.1 wall is interpreted as a livestock control feature likely used to prevent livestock from entering
Ihabitation areas. It is unknown what the Feature 13 slab originally functioned as; however, it currently functions as
the foundation for a chicken coop and farm stand. The portion of the site in the project area is altered and in fair
condition.
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Table 3.Site 9071 features from NRHP form I
Puakea Ranch Date of
PatterRanch a
Features Name on NRHP form name(see Figure Structure Description r t
20)
construction
inventory No.
1 Ranch House Yoshi's house 1940s 267 Built from materials salvaged from original home of James Wight I
2 Cowboy House Miles Away 1930s 253 Moved to present site from Mahukona
3 Cowboy House
The Toy Box/The
1929 273 Paniolo style structure IOhanaHouse
4 Bunk House The Cowboy House 1890s 270 Paniolo style structure
5 Bunk House James Cottage 1920s 253 Paniolo style structure
Bunk Rooms/Tool and I6
Supply Shed
n/a n/a
7 Garage The Tool Shed n/a
8 Slaughter House n/a n/a Wooden structrue with concrete trough
I9SugarMilln/a 1870 Stack collapsed in 2007 earthquake
10 Dry laid lava rock walls n/a n/a Network of walls present throughout project area
11 Fenced Animal Corral n/a n/a Networkof fences(wire and wood) present throughout project area
ISaddleRepair/Storage
12 n/a 1940s
Shed
Listed as Building#on NRHP form
not available
I
rts
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ROCK WALLS
Figure 22.Location of Site 9071 features from NRHP form
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 132
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES 133
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IFigure24.Modern shed built over historic Feature 7 concrete slab(view to southeast)
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Figure 25.Modern shed built over historic Feature 7 concrete slab showing Feature 10.1 wall(view to north)
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 134
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I the road
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 135
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C I
Figure 28.Feature 13 concrete slab and modern chicken coop and farm stand(view to south)
s.S
r:_'1....: 7......„.,Ii-p
Y 1114
eftyam,
I
r yyy ,,
t
t 1.u- r "ir
i i
I
I
Figure 29.Feature 13 concrete slab and modern chicken coop and farm stand(view to west)I
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 136
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I CONCLUSION
Discussion
1 The archaeological inventory survey results conform to the expectations derived from historical and archaeological
background research. This research indicated that sites in the parcel would likely be limited to historic remains
Lassociated with the Puakea Ranch. Three features were identified consisting of two concrete slabs that have been
re-purposed for use as a tool shed (Feature 7) and a chicken coop/farm stand (Feature 13), and a stone wall
Feature 10.1).
Significance Assessments
The site identified during the survey is assessed for significance based on Hawai'i Administrative Rules (HAR) §13-
11 284-6. According to (HAR) §13-284-6 (b), a site must possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials,
workmanship,feeling,and/or association and shall meet one or more of the following criteria:
I1. Criterion "a": Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad
patterns of our history;
2. Criterion"b": Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past;
1 3. Criterion "c": Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction;
represent the work of a master; or possess high artistic value;
4. Criterion "d": Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on prehistory
Ior history;and
5. Criterion "e": Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another
ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural practices once carried out, or still
Icarried out, at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs, events or oral accounts—these
associations being important to the group's history and cultural identity.
I The portion of Site 9071 in the project area site possesses integrity of location, design, materials, and
workmanship.The previously prepared NRHP form indicates Site 9071 is assessed as significant under criterion "a"
because of its association with events that made a contribution to the broad patterns of history (sugar cane
I cultivation and cattle ranching), under criterion "b" due to its association with Dr.James Wight, under criterion "c"
as an excellent site type example,and under criterion "d"for its information content.
The proposed development will have an effect on the historic properties within the project area. The landowner
Lproposes minimal impacts to the 2.14 acre project area, consisting of constructing an approximately 2500 sq foot
space that contains an Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA)approved restroom, kitchen facility and a space for set
up in an enclosed area.. The majority of the area will not be impacted by the proposed development and will
function as an open event area for weddings and other functions; however, the Feature 7 and 13 slabs will be
destroyed to make way for the ADA improvements.The Feature 10.1 wall will be preserved.
The Feature 7 and 13 slabs are not integral components of the Puakea Ranch and functioned as minor elements of
the facility. In order to mitigate their destruction, the proposed restroom will be designed in accordance with the
Secretary of the Interior Standards for rehabilitation which is defined as"...the process of returning a property to a
Lstate of utility, through repair or alteration, which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving
those portions and features of the property which are significant to its historic, architecture, and cultural value."
NPS.gov.) The restroom will be aesthetically compatible with the other historic structures on the property,
Iconstructed with board and batten siding and corrugated metal roofing. The restroom will be constructed in such a
manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the remaining historic properties and its
environment would be unimpaired.
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 137
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National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior website.
2018 (http://www.nps.gov)
TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS'
ahupua'a-traditional Hawaiian land unit usually extending from the uplands to the sea
ali'i-chief,chiefess,officer, ruler, monarch
ali'i ai moku—paramount chief
heiau-Pre-Christian place of worship,shrine
kapu-Taboo,prohibition
111konohiki-headman of an ahupua'a land division under the chief
kuleana-small piece of property,as within an ahupua'a
Ku—war God
luakini-temple,or large heiau where ruling chiefs prayed and human sacrifices were offered
Mdhele-land division of 1848
mauka—inland
1-from wehewehe.org
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 138
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REFERENCES
Adams,J.,and J.Athens
1994 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Upland Portions of Kukuipahu and Awalua, North Kohala, Island of
Hawai'i. Prepared for Chalon International of Hawaii, Inc. International Archaeological Research
Institute, Inc., Honolulu.
Archives Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services.
2017 http://ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search
Barrera,W.,Jr.
1984 Puakea Bay Ranch, Hawaii: Archaeological Survey. Chiniago, Inc. Prepared for Puakea Bay Ranch
1992
Partnership.
Puakea, North Kohala, Hawaii Island: Archaeological Inventory Survey of Four Sites in the
Conservation District. Chinago Inc. Prepared for Mr.and Mrs.George Issacs, Kapaau.
1993 Puakea, North Kohala, Hawaii Island: Archaeological Inventory Survey of Four Sites in the
Conservation District. 1993 Supplemental Investigations. Comstock Cultural Resources Management
Inc. Prepared for Puakea Bay Ranch Owner's Association and Mr.and Mrs.George Issacs.
Beamer, Kamanamaikalani
2014 No Mdkou Ka Mona Liberating a Nation. Kamehameha Publishing 2014, Honolulu, HI.
Best, G.M.
1978 Railroads of Hawaii: Narrow and Standard Gauge Common Carriers. San Marino, CA. Golden West
Books. CA:Golden West Books.
Bury, B., M. Clark and R. Rechtman
2006 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of TMK:3-5-6-01:108, 109, and 110, Puakea and Kukuipahu
Ahupua'a, North Kohala District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0353. Prepared
for Greg Mooers, Mooers Enterprises, LLC,
Kamuela, Hawaii
Bushnell, 0.A.
1993 The Gifts of Civilization: Germs and Genocide in Hawai'i. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
I
Chinen,J.
1958 The Great Mahele:Hawaii's Land Division of 1848. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
Clark, M., B. Bury,and R. Rechtman
2013 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of TMK:3-5-6-01:109, Puakea ahupua'a, North Kohala District,
Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0866. Prepared for Peter Vincent Architects.
I
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 139
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Clark, M. and R. Rechtman
2005 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of TMK:3-5-6-01:111, Puakea and Kukuipahu Ahupua'a, North
Kohala District, Island of Hawai'i. Rechtman Consulting Report RC-0258. Prepared for Greg Mooers,
Mooers Enterprises, LLC, Kamuela, Hawai'i.
Conde,J.
1971 Narrow Gauge in a Kingdom.Glenwood Publishers, Felton,California.
Corbin,A.and P. Rosendahl
2006 Archaeological Assessment Survey for determination of "No Historic Properties Affected", Puakea
Private Residence Project, Lands of Puakea and Kukuipahu, North Kohala District, Island of Hawai'i
TMK:3-5-6-01:85). PHRI Report 2633-062006. Prepared for David G. Hiester, Boerne,TX I
Coulter,J.
1971 Agricultural Land-Use Planning in the Territory of Hawaii 1940. Agricultural Extension Bulletin No. 36
Honolulu.
DLNR(Department of Land and Natural Resources)
2003 Hawai'i Administrative Rules, Title 13, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Subtitle 13, State
Historic Preservation Division Rules.
Day,A.G. i
1992 Hawaii and Points South:True Island Tales. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu.
Ellis,W.
1963 A Narrative of a Tour through Hawaii. Originally published in 1917. Honolulu Advertiser Publishing Co.,
Honolulu.
FR
n.d. Foreign Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in
the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives.
FT
n.d. Foreign Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian
Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives.
Giambelluca,T.W.,Q.Chen,A.G. Frazier,J.P. Price,Y.-L. Chen, P.-S.Chu,J.K. Eischeid,and D.M. Delparte
2013 Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai`i. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 94, 313-316, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-
00228.1.
Henke, L.A.
1929 A Survey of Livestock in Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i.
l'i,J.P. [Translated by Mary Kawena Pukui; Edited by Dorothy B. Barrere]
1983 Fragments of Hawaiian History. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. [Original 1959. Translations of
newspaper articles(Kuokoa)written in 1866-1870].
HAUN 8c ASSOCIATES 140
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Indices
1929 Indices of Awards Made by the Board of Land Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian
Islands. Territory of Hawai'i, Honolulu.
KTF(Kohala Task Force)
1 1975 Kohala:AQ Candid View. Report of the Kohala Task Force(March).
Kamakau,Samuel M.
1992 Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii. Originally published in 1961. (Revised Edition.) Kamehameha Schools Press,
Honolulu.
KeOlamagazine.com—Ke Ola Magazine website. Hawaii Island Community Magazine
Kuykendall, R.and Day,A.G.
1976 Hawaii:A History from Polynesian Kingdom to American State. Prentice-Hall, Englewood.
Macdonald,G.and A.Abbott
1970 Volcanoes in the Sea. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu.111
Moffat, R. M. and G.L. Kirkpatrick
1995 Surveying the Mahele: Mapping the Hawaiian Land Revolution. Palapala'aina. Honolulu: Editions
Limited.
11
II
n.a. (No Author)
I 1967 Historical Notes:Waimea-Kawaihae,South Kohala, Hawaii." [On file at SHPD Library#H-463]
NR
n.d. Native Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the
Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives.
NT
n.d. Native Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian
Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives.
National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior website.
2018 (http://www.nps.gov)
Newspaper.com—online newspapers website
Oliver D.
1961 The Pacific Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
Puakearanch.com—Puakea Ranch website
ib Rosendahl, P.
1982a Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Puakea Bay Ranch, Lands of Puakea and Honoipu, North
Kohala, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-5-6-01:24,43,68). PHRI Report 56-060482. Prepared for Puakea Bay
Ranch Partnership and Hawaii Land Management.
I
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 141
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1982b Intensive Archaeological Survey and Test Excavations Puakea Bay Ranch Roadway Corridor, Lands of
Honuipu and Puakea, North Kohala, Island of Hawaii (TMK:3-5- 6-01:24,43,68). PHRI Report 62-
070182. Prepared for Puakea Bay Ranch Partnership and Hawaii Land Management.
1984 Archaeological Field Inspection, Proposed Conservation District Residential Site, Puakea Bay Ranch
Development, Land of Puakea, North Kohala, Island of Hawaii. Prepared for Puakea Bay Ranch
Partnership.
Sato, H.H.,W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R.Smythe,and M.Takehiro,Jr.
1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation
Service and University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station. Washington, D.C.: Government
Printing Office.
Schmitt, R.
1977 Historical Statistics of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Schweitzer,S.
2003 Kohala Aina A History of North Kohala. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu.
Speakman,C.E.,Jr. 1
1978 An Informal History of the Hawaiian Island. San Rafael: Pueo Press.
Stephenson, L.K. I
1977 Kohala Keia (This is Kohala) Collected Expressions of a Community, A Product of Kohala People.
Privately published.
The Hawaiian University of Hawai'i at Manoa online library
2018 http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu
Tomonari-Tuggle, M.J.
1988 North Kohala: Perceptions of a Changing Community. A Cultural Resource Management Study.
Prepared for Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources — Division of State parks,
Outdoor Recreation and Historic Sites.
Ulukau:The Hawaiian Electronic Dictionary,A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language(revised by Henry H. Parker). 1
2018 http://ulukau.org
U.S.Climate Data website I
2018 http://www.usclimatedata.com)
Waihona'Aina
2000 The Mahele Database, waihona.com.
Wehewehe.org
2016 Hawai`i Electronic Library -Na Puke Wehewehe 'Olelo Hawai'i
Wolfe, E.,and J. Morris
2001 Geological Map of the Island of Hawaii. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S Geological Survey.
HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 42
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APPENDIX A: LAND COMMISSION AWARDS IN PUAKEA AHUPUA'A
FROM WAIHONA 'AINA)
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Claim Number: 08746
ClaimantKeawe
Other claimant:
Other name:
Island: Hawaii
District. Kohala, North
Ahupuaa: Puakeaiki,Puakeanui
Puuoneo,Puulaula, Kalipahale, Paehala, Haliipalala, Laleakone
Apana: 7 Awarded: 0
Loi: FR:
Plus. NR: 34v8
Mala Taro: FT: 77v4
Kula: NT: 121v4
House lot: 1 RP:
Kihapai/Pakanu:6 Number of Royal Patents:
Salt lands: Koele/Poalirna: No
Wauke: Loko: No
Olona- Lokoia No
Noni: Fishing Rights: No
Hala: Sea/Shure/Dunes: No
Sweet Potatoes: Auwai/Ditch: No
Irish Potatoes: Other Edifice: No
Bananas. No
Breadfruit: Pigpen: No
Coconut: Road/Path: Yes
Coffee: Burial/Graveyard: No
Oranges: VVall/Fence.No
Bitter Melon/Gourd: Strearn/Muliwai/River: No
Sugar Cane: Pali.No
Tobacco. Disease: No
HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 44
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KoalKou Trees: Claimant Died: No
Other Plants: Other Trees:
Other Mammals:No Miscellaneous: 3
No.8746,Keawe,January 14, 1848
I N.R.34v8
Puakea is the Ahupua'a claim.It was from Keohokalole to Kekuanui,from Kekuanui to me,Keawe.!1
have held it/for fifteen years,that is my claim for land.
I
KEAWE
F.T.77v4
No.8746,Keawe
IKaahue sworn,testifies that claimant occupies one piece of land in Ili of Puuoneo,Ahupuaa Puakeaiki,
thus bounded:
I South by waste land
West by waste land
North by public highway
East by Ili of Puulaula.
I Also one lot in Ili of Puulaula,Ahupuaa aforesaid.
South by land held by Kailiahi
West by waste land
North by waste land&public highway
I East by Ahupuaa Honoipu.
Also one piece in Ili of Kalepahale,same Ahupuaa.
South by land held by Kauiho
West by land held by KailiahiINorth&East by waste land.
Also one piece in Ili of Paehala,same Ahupuaa.
South by land held by Keawekipi
West by land held by Paahao
North&East by waste land.
Also one lot in Ili of Haliipalala,same Ahupuaa.
South by land held by Keawekipi
I West by land held by Kupihi
North& East by waste land.
Also lot no.2 in Ili of Puuoneo,bounded:
I South,West, North,East by waste land.
All the above-descried lots consist ofdry land, partly cultivated,unfenced&no houses on premises.
I
Also one lot consist of one equal half of an enclosure belonging to claimant. Keohokalole,situated in Ili of
Laleakone,Ahupuaa Puakeanui.Said enclosure is surrounded by public,i.e. made land belonging to
Keohokalole.
Kehuanui(konohiki)gave the above lands to claimant A.D 1833.
I Kalamailalo. sworn,affirms as above.
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N.T.121-122v4
No.8746,Keawe,October 4, 1848
Kaaua,sworn and stated. I have seen in the ili land of Puakeaiki ahupuaa.6 sections.
I 1.Section I-Puuoneo Ili.
Mauka by idle land
Kohalawaho by idle land
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Makai by street
Hamakua by Puulaula m.
It has been cultivated;there is no house.
2. Section U'Puu|au|aIli.
Mauka bt KaUiahi's land
Kohalawaho by idle land
Makai by a street and idle land
Homox"abyHmno.pvahvpvop
Cultivation has been done;there is no house.
3.Section III'Ka|ipaha/aIli.
Maukahynaviho'vland
xnho|awahohyxamuh,oland 111K0mkaiuyid|e|and
Hamakua by idle land
This has been cultivated; no house
4.Section IV-Paehala Ill.
Mauka by Keawekipi's land
Kvha|moaxouypmuxao'sland
Makai by idle lend
Hamakua by idle land. 0
Cultivated has been done:no house.
5. Section V HaliipalalaUi
Mauka by Keawekland
KohalowohnbvKvpihi'oland
Makai by idle land
Hamakua by idle and.
A portion of it has been cultivated:no house.
6. Section VI-Puuoneo Ili land.
Mauka by idle land
The rest of the boundaries are Idle land
Some of it have been cultivated.
7. Section VII Ill land in Laleakone ahupuaa named Puakeanul.
Mauka and the rest of the boundaries are Keohokalole's land.Two houses are there,one of which is for
Keawe,one for Kaaua and another house is for Keohokolole in his/Keawe?I
Kekuanul had given him his interest in 1833, no one has objected.
Ka}amai|a|o. sworn and stated, I have known[Left blank)[as]Kaaua has related here.
pvn.a74wnot awarded]
IMP
GNI
HAUN 8c ASSOCIATES I 46
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Claim Number. 088798
Claimant:Kamalamailalo
Other claimant- Kaulemamoku.father
I Other name
Island. Hawaii
District Kohaia,North
Ahupuaa•Puakea
IIli. Kaawikiwiki,Puumanu,Lelckoae.Maliu
Apana:4 Awarded: 1
fir Loi: FR:
ill Plus NR:
Mala Taro: FT:
Kula: NT: 118v4
House lot: 1 RP
Kihapai/Pakanu: 4 Number of Royal Patents:
Salt lands: Koele/Poalima. No
Wauke: Loko: No
Olona: Lokoia No
Noni: Fishing Rights: No
Hasa: Sea/Shore/Dunes No
ii Sweet Potatoes: Auwal/Ditch. No
Irish Potatoes: Other Edifice:No
I
Bananas: SpnngANeil No
Breadfruit: Pigpen No
Coconut. Road/Path: No
Coffee. Burial/Graveyard No
I Oranges: WaIUFe No
Biller Melon/Gourd: Stream/Muliwai/River No
Sugar Cane: Pali No
I Tobacco: Disease: No
Koa/Kou Trete Claimant Died: No
Other Plants: Other Trees
I
Other Mammals: No Miscellaneous: Awarded 1 apana,also
1028 dead claim.5
houses
No.88798,Kamalamailalo
F.T.107v4
Kaaua,sworn,testifies that claimant occt ies six lots of land in the Ahupuaa of Puakea,thus situated&
bounded
1st lot-in Ili of Kaaikiwiki.ae South by land held by Moku
West by land held by Makuahine
am North by land held by Kikau
East by land held by Keaulumoku.
IP 2d lot in Ili of Puumanu
South by land held by Kaaba
Mil West&East by land held by Keauluoku
North by land held by Moku.
3d lot in Ili of Lelekoae(no.1)
South by land held by Moku
West by land held by Kikau
North by land held by Keaweopala
East by land held by Makuahine.
I 4th lot in Ili of Malru.
South East by land held by Moku
West by land hriad by Kanoena
North by land held by Kaloa.
I
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501 lot in Ili of Lelekoae(No.2)
South by land held by Makaokaia
West by land held by Makuahine
North by land held by Moku
East by land held by Kamikana.
Said lots are dry land,cultivated in part,unfenced.
6th lot in Ili Lelekdae(No. 3j occupied as a house lot.It is fenced with wall. Five houses stand upon the
premises,belonging to claimant&family.
Title extends back to reign of Kamehameha I through parents of claimant.Uncontested.
Moku,sworn,testifies as above.
N.T. 118-120v4
No.8879B, Karnalamailalo,October 5, 1848
No.102B,(Dead claim)
Kaaua, sworn,and stated:I have seen there are in the Puakea ahupuaa in Kohala, Hawaii.
1. Section I - Kaawikiwiki Ili.
Mauka by Moku's land
Kohalawaho by Makuahine's land
Makai by Kikau's land
Hamakua by Keaulumoku's land.
This section has been cultivated and there is no house.
2. Section II-Puutnariu
Mauka by Koloa's land
Kohalawaho by Keaulumoku's land
Makai by Moku's land
Hamakua by Keaulumoku's land.
It has been cultivated and there is no house.
3. Section III-Lelekoae Ili.
Mauka by Moku's land
Kohalawaho by Kikau's land
Makai by Keaweopala's land
Hamakua by Makuahine's land.
It has been cultivated;there is no house.
4.Section IV-- Maliu Ili.
Mauka by Moku's land
Kohalawaho by Kanoena's land
Makai by Kaloa's land
Hamakua by Moku's land.
It has been cultivated;there is no house. The house-lot section is in the ili land of Leleakoae. It has a
fence and there are 5 houses, 3 of which are for him/Kalamailalo/and 2 for Kaulernamoku,who is his
father.
This had been acquired by his parents during the time of Kamehameha I;no one has objected.
Moku,sworn and stated.I have known[Left blank][as]Kaana has related here.
Award 8879B;Leleakoae Puakea nui N.Kohala; 1 ap.;4.3 Acs;No. 102B not awarded]
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APPENDIX B: NRHP NOMINATION FORM
r
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pips Form 10-930 OW No,1024-0015 EXPIMSitf20i 2i
United States Department of the Interior
National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form I
ri-, tz, ,,ii!.,use in ri;:rmiriadIrly Or requesting determinations to.individual properties and dialled. Sm instrucdons In WOW Register duke),How
o Compiere me National Reviver of Halo*Pisces Roglalfalan Fonn. If any Ilam dose not apply to 1*property bairc doomminkid,enter TWA'lor
r.o? applicable' For lunchons architectural etas:elutionmimosa.and MINI of sigralcanoe.enter Only oelegoriee and gubernatorial'from Ito Instruct.ons Place additional certification comments,entries,and AS News onaondramtkm shaft Ifneeded(NP$Form 104110e).
1. Name of Property
historic name Puakea Ranch
other names/site number James Wright Estate/Puakea Plantation/Puakea Ranch of Kukupahu I
2. Location
street 8.number 56-2864 Akoni Pule Highway not for publication
city or town Hawi F.vicinity
state Hawaii code HI county Hawaii code 01 96719
3.State/Federal Agency Certification
I
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act,as amended,
I hereby certify that this nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for
registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements Isetforthin36CFRPan60,
In my opinion,the property meets does riot meet the National Register Crieria: I recommend that this properly
be considered signrticant at the following level(s)of significance:
nat7naI statewide _local I
Signaturel4tifying official Dale
A-115 4"-- 944—
Ttner26../
4 '
7 Stale an Raked agencytbureau n Topa,Governreant I
In my opinion,the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria.
with.s of commenting°Mow Date I
Tido State or Federal agencytureau or Tribal GOVellenent
4. National Park Service Certification
I.hereby,misty net see property is.
eneered In the Nuke*Register caMmiminad MAN kw the ketone'Register I
delanained nal engine for the National Register removed front 1wNesonet Register
altar(wrabinr)
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Signature al the Keeper Date of Action
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
Name of Property Countyand Stale
6. passMwtion
Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property
Checkas many bons as apply) (Check oray are box) Do not include previously feted resources In the count)
Contributing Noncontributing
X private building(s) 6 0 buildings
public-Local X district district
pubic State site 6 0 site
pubic-Federal structure structure
abide obisot
12 0 Total
Name of'dated multpb property listing Number of contributing resources previously
Enter"NIA"if property isnot pert of a multiple property Mang) tested in the National Register
N/A N/A
6.Function or Use
Historic Fundlons Current Functions
Erser categories from rustrucslw») Enter aleporfes from instructions)
See Continuation Sheet) See Continuation Sheet)
i
7.Description
Architectural Classification Materiels
Furter categories from Instructions) Enter categoriesfrom instructions)
Lava rock w/wooden posts.
Other—Vernacular plantation style foundation: Concrete slab
Wood/single wall,tongue and groove
wais: board and batten,wood shingles
roof: Metal corrugated steel
other
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National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
PUIIIMS RWX7h
KM*,HMO
WA I
Salon number 6 PON 2
lesionc Functions.
Balm NtsritrerCi‘ I :Cet 1. DOMESTIC Su). Single Derseing(Ranch House)
2. DOMESTIC Single Dwelling(Oorboy House)
9. DOMESTIC Single ng(Cambay House)
4. DOMESTIC institueorei Hawing(Bunk House)
5. DOMESTIC instituter*Housing(Bunk House)
S. AGRICULTURUSUSSISTANCE Agricultural Oulbulking(Sunk rooms/Tool and supply s11.01 I i
7 AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTANCE AgrioulselOulbulding(Estegs)
Et AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTANCE Processing(SsughlsrHouse)
9 AGRICULTURESUBSI STANCE Processing(SupsM111)IIS. AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTANCE Agricultural Reid(Dry Mid isys rook veils)
11 AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTANCE Amnia]Facility(Fenced inlaid coed)
12 AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTANCE Storage Melds leper/stomp shed) I
Omens Functions:
14~1 ICatI, DOMESTIC Single Dieser*(Ranch Mouse)
2. DOMESTIC single Duo%(Ranch Ham)
a DOMESTIC Single Orrellng(fence Howe)I4. DOMESTIC Singls Deed%(Renck House)
S. DOMESTIC Single Deming(Ranch House)
8. AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTANCE Agriculture Oulbuikkng(Bunk Rooms/Tool end apply stud)
7. AGRICULTUREJSUBSISTANCE Agriculture Oullarldtrig(Garage)
8 AGRICULTUREJSUBSISTANCE Processing(illsughtet House)
9. AGRICULTURE(SUSSISTANCE Vocal(Sugar Mill toundaaoe and ch)mnay)i I
10. AoRicaTuRusuasisTANcE A9ricounti Field(pry laid lava rock watt)
11. AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTANCE Animal Facility(Fenced animal corral)
12. AORICULTURE/SUBSJSTANCE Storage iSaddle repair I storage shed)i 1
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
Name of Property County and State
r
INarrative Description
Describe the historic and current physical appearance of the property. Explain contributing and noncontributing resources
if necessary.Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property,Such as
I its location.setting,size,and significant features.)
Summary Paragraph
The property lies along the mauka(mountain)side of Akoni Pule Highway on 33 acres The land is enclosed by dry laid
lava rock walls and has the remains of earlier generations of agricultural and ranching activities upon rt Of the ruins,the
most prominent is a small sugar mill chimney in the back of the property Several house and traditional Japanese bath
foundations are spread across the landscape. Still fully existent are five traditional homes,a slaughter house,fenced cow
corral,and a saddle repair,'storage shed that testify to the change from sugar production to cattle ranching in the area.
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The five homes represent examples of local vernacular architecture.are constructed of wood on posts and piers,with
hipped metal roofs. Two of the structures were modified from bunk houses into single family use.
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Narrative Description
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See Continuation Sheet)
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NPS Form NYGICCI. Mery Ob2000I 04w w 1024-00'P rFm es r-i'2012)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
Puakea Ranch
Naw.Hawaii
N/A
Section number 7 Papa 2
Architectural Descriptions
Building$5:
Located upon the northwestern side of a gravel road used to enter the Ranch is(Building 5). Old time residents
remember that this structure was existent in 1922 County lax records first documented it in 1929 Parker Ranch records
record the structure as$253.
The structure is an old single man's Paniolo(cowboy)style dwelling consisting of a simple 5/12 inch A frame with board
and batten siding and wood shingles on the exterior of the bath room and the north and east facing exterior walls. The
roof Is supported by 2 X 12 rafters with 42 inch centers with visible tails. The entry is by four steps centered on a
deckrlanai. The entry gives passage to the Irving area with double six-pane slider windows on the makai(ocean)side.
The living area includes a kitchen located to the north east rear with a double six paned horizontal slider window located
above the sink and counter top. The makai side of the kitchen has a back entry porch that leads to an outside bathroom
located to the north. To the east of the kitchen,mauka,is the 20 foot by 16 foot bedroom. The bedroom has three
windows-one each on the north,east,and south walls. The interior walls are genuine paniolo style with vertical 14 inch by
2 foot batten with 12 foot on center throughout. Vertical battens are interrupted by horizontal 2 by 3 foot chair rails. The
walls extend down to meet simple 1 inch by 4 inch baseboards. The floors are typical 1 inch by 6 inch tongue and groove
Douglas Fir. The back(north facing exit)steps down three levels to a large lava rock landing that leads to the original
Japanese style bathhouse Euro. The concrete bathhouse foundation is approximately 12 by 8 Behind the bathhouse to
the north is a large concrete cistern aproximately 16 by 5 feet. This currently is filled with dirt,although the walls are still
visible.
Building#4
Oral histories also declare this structure existent in 1922,while country tax records show 1929. Parker Ranch records list 1/
this as Building$270.
Located to the south of(Building 5),this is a typical Paniolo Bunk style house with a porch/lanai extending the length of the
facade. The main entry contains four steps leading directly to a lour panel entry door. Three more entries are accessable
from the porch,each leading to two or more bedroomsrbunkrooms and the bathroom on the north west end of the building.
The house is seperated into these lour areas,entered by four doors,in order to provide privacy to the paniolo families.The number of panels on the exterior doors varies from 2.4,and 5.reflecting the evolution of the house, Nei
The porch is unique to the paniolo history of the Kohala district because is consists of three horizontal rails defining the
porch with 4 by 4 posts that are 10 feet on center. It is clear that the constant winds of Kohala encouraged the
construction of eaves braced to the support posts. mei
The finish colors traditional of the area--green siding,white trim,and red corrugated metal roof.The front facade has 4,
6 over 6 double hung windows The single walls consist of board and batten spaced 12 inch on center with!z inch by 3
inch batten.
nr
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NPS Form^` les' 0,:?(709C)MF No 0 4;X' Eei. s 5.31?C12;
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
Puakea Ranch
Haw,Raab
N/A
Section number 7 Page 3
The foundation is post and pier located on lava rocks. The roof is typical 5/12 pitch with an additional 3/12 extending over
the porch/lanai.
Inside the house,the main entryway leads to the living room. The interior walls are genuine paniolo style with vertical lit
inch by 2 foot batten with 12 loot on center throughout. Vertical battens are interrupted by honzontaai 2 foot by 3 foot chairrailthroughout. The walls extend down to meet simple 1 by four baseboards. The floors are made up of typical one by six
inch Douglas Fir Located to the right of the living room is a bedroom with two.6 over 6 double hung windows
Passing through the living room one enters the kitchen and dining area. There is a horizontal window above the sink and
counter area. To the west is an exit door to a covered landing with three steps down to a concrete pathway that leads to a
smoke house and wash house in back of the home. (The dimensions of the smokehouse and wash house are-•--).
Building No.3
This building is noted in country tax records from 1929. It is also referred to as Parker Ranch Building No.273.
The building is a typical paniolo style structure consisting of two single man bunkrooms entered through two exterior doors.
side by side. Each bunk rooms approximately 10 feel by 12 feet.with a single 2 over 2 double hung window adjacent to
the entry door.The front elevation laces northwest and looks out to Maui. The front facade consists of a combination of
board and batten 12 toot on center and 1 by six vertical tongue and grove siding. The north end wall also has a 2 over 2
double hung window. Connected to the bunk rooms to the south is a covered.3 bay area defined by 4 by 4 posts
1
supporting the front approximately 12 feet by 36 feet. The foundations post and pier located on lava rocks. Finish color
for the structure is traditional,with green siding,white trim,and a corrugated metal roof.
Building No.2
This building is first noted on county tax records in 1940. The Parker Ranch structure inventory called this Building 253.
Oral histories suggest the home was moved to the present site from Mahukona,perhaps explaing why the building has
more of a Plantation rather than a Paniolo style of architecture.
The dwelling is located on the southern part of the property,adjacent to the Slaughter House and the remains of an earlier
ranch building
The front entry facade faces the ocean and is defined by its central entry steps. The 12 by 20 deck is an addition.and
extends the length of the front facade. The entry door contains 12 panes Of glass and a lower panel single door flanked by
double sets of double hung 6 over 6 windows. The facade elements clearly are defined by a 1 x 6 inch white vertical and
horizontal trim. The exterior single walls are covered in a triditional green stained wood shingle. The corrgated metal
sheeting roof is centered over the entry with 5..12 pitch.The deck and railing have been altered over time but still consist of
the basic 4 x 4`crossed bracing. The wood shingles extend throughout the exterior of the house.
The front door opens into a 12 by 16 foot living room with natural 1 x 6'Douglas Fir flooring throughout. All interior single
walls in the house are 1 by 6 in tongue and groove boards wdh decorative moldings. A horizontal chair rail throughout
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United States Department of the Interior
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National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
Puska'Ranch
Hawl,Hasid
NiA
Secuon nun-q) , ' Page 4 I
interrupts the walls. There are 3 windows in the living area,of which all are 6 pane with sills lovered to 2 feel above the 111
floor. The baseboards are simpe 1 by 6 inches throughout. Ceilings are uinversally 9 feet.irs
Next to the master bedroom a second bedroom shares many of the same characteristics, Only the windows are different.
being 2,6 pane with sills lowered to 2 feet above the floor. One window is located on the north wall,while the other is ontheeastwall. The living room and kitchen are separated by a half wall and counter top on the kitchen side. The real wall
of the kitchen contains a single French door and a pair of 6 over 6 pane windows with sills lowered to 2 feet above the
floor.
Exiting the rear kitchen door,one steps onto a rear porch extending the length of the building with deck steps leading to
the outdoor bath house located to the east.
The bath house consists of the same green stained wood shingle and white trim as the house,with a 6 pane,horizontal
hinged window facing west,next to the 5 panel door leading inside. The roof is a lean-to. Inside.remnants of the original
Japanese turo can still be seen. The east-facing wall consists of 2,2 paned horizontal sliding windows. On the southern
most boundary is the Slaughter House,Olt
Slaughter House
The slaughter room is approximately 14 by 16 feet in size, The cattle entry is 8 feet wide. There is a 8 foot engry on both
sides of the building,mauka and makai. On the southwest end of the building is a 4 foot entryway to where records of the
slaughter were recorded and filed. To the southwest wall of the office area is a third opening approximately 3 feet wide
where the intestines were discarded into a wheel barrow to be cooked close by in a wrought iron glubber post and fed to
the pigs in the nearby corrals. The roof of the structure,which no longer exists,extended over 15 feel where a ridge beam
of 4 by 10 foot diameter supported ropes that hoisted cattle for processing.
On the northwest side of the slaughterhouse is a concrete bunker trough extending 15 feet into the cround where the fluids
were gided away from the building after the slaughter. To the southwest of the Slaughter House are the remnants of a
house,which consisted of a 10 by 20 foot building with a lean-to roof. Here the hides were laid flat and salted with
Hawaiian rock salt for curing. Once the hides ere cured,the salt was saved for reuse. The hides were then folded and
rolled to be sold elsewhere.
Building No.1
County tax records first note this building in 1951. Oral histories suggest that this house was build out of materials 3
salvaged from the original home of James Wight Parker Ranch recoreds list this as Building 0267.
The exterior façade elements are clearly defined by a 1 by 6 inch white vertical and horizontal trim. The exterior single
walls are covered with traditional green stained wood shingles. The corrugated metal sheeting roof extends over the
entryway. The deck and railing have been altered over time but stall represent the historic integrity and architectural
ambiance of the home.
Atter ascending 8 steps and crossing a covered porch area,the houses entered through a set of double French doors
equipped with double screens. Atter passing through the foyer.the kitchen is to the right and the dining and living area to r
the left. The living room faces the northwest with views out the French doors to views of Maui. To the right of the livingroomiswhatappearstohavebeenathirdbedroombutwhichisnowpartofthelivingroom. The 6 windows throughout
the living and dining area are all 2 over 2 double hung with low sills extending 20 inches from the floor. The floor
ra
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United States Department of the Interior
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National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
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I throughout the home is clear 1 by 6 inch tongue and groove Douglas Fir The floorboards are oil by 8 inch butted design
to catch a 1/6 inch moused trim. The single walls are typical wainscot Douglas Fir interrupted by a chair rail that extends
throughout the house The ceiling is also comprised of 1 by 6 inch tongue and groove boards with decorative moldings.
I To the east of the living room are tow bedrooms entered through a small hallway that connects the rooms with a bathroom
between them. The interior bedroom and bath doors are all 5 panels.plantation style. The eastern most bedroom is also
accessible through a read deck leading toward the old Sugar Mill site The windows in both bedrooms are 2 over 2 double
hung with low sills extending 20 inches from the floor
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
Nameof Property County and State
B.Statement of Significance
Applicable National Register Criteria Areas of Significance
Mark'1in one or more bores for the cnlena qualifying the property Enter'categorise from Irelruolion'
fur National Register listing)
Agricultural-Ranch and sugar plantations
Social history James Wright and Parker RanchAPropertyisassociatedwitheventsthathavemadea
A , significant contribution to the broad patterns of our
history Architecture- vernacular ranch styleF1
B Property is associated with the lives of personstXsignificantinourpast we
C Property embodies the distinctive characteristicsXolatype,period,co method of construction or
represents the work of a master,or possesses high Period of Significance
artistic values,or represents a significant
and distinguishable entity whose components lack 1848-1951
individual distinction,
x D Property has yiaided,or is likely to yield,information Imo
important in prehistory or history,Significant Dates
See continuation sheet
1=1
Criteria Considerations
Mark eq the boxes that apply)Significant Person
Properly is: iCompieie onry it Crrterwar+13 maiked afx)re
James Wrightowedbyareligiousinstitutionorusedforreligious
A purposes,
B removed from its original location Cultural Affiliation
Multi-ethnic Hawaii sugar and ranching community
C a birthplace or grave I 1
D a cemetery
E a reconstructed building,
oArchltect/
Buliderbiect,or structure.
Unknown
F a commemorative property.
G lessthen 50 yews and or achieving significance
within thepest 50 yews.
Period of Significance(justification)
111
Criteria Consideratons(explanation,if necessary)
NIP
VIP
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii.Hawaii
Name of Property County and State
Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph(provide a summary paragraph that includes level of stgnflcance and
applicable criteria)
The site of Puakea Ranch has been occupied through four eras of Hawaiian economic history. The land was first
employed for Native Hawaiian agriculture. The second use occurred after contact with Europeans,as a sugar plantation
was developed by private entrepreneurs such as James Wright.using imported water and multicultural labor. A third era
focused on the cattle ranching Most recently,buildings on the site have been reused as"bed and breakfast' operations of
the tourist trade
Narrative Statement of Significance (provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance)
ISee continuation sheet)
111
Developmental history/additional historic context information of appropriate)
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Irk
United States Department of the Interior
aidNationalParkService
National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
Puakea Ranch
Haw1,frau:
3WA
Secuan number 8 Page 2
I
The site of Puakea Ranch has been occupied through four eras of Hawaiian history, The land was first employed for
Native Hawaiian agriculture, The second use occurred after contact with Europeans.as a sugar plantation was developed
by private entrepreneurs such as James Wright,using imported water and multicultural labor. A third era focused on the
cattle ranching. Most recently,buildings on the site have been reused as-bed and breakfast' operations of the tourist3trade.
Criteria A:
Puakea is located within part of the Kohala Field System,a series of rock and earthworks built by Native Hawaiians in pre•wisiocontacttimesthatdirectedwaterflowandterracedtheland,while making maximum use of rainfall and preventing soil
erosion. The success of this system in sustaining a large population is evidenced by the construction of two hieau.or
temples,at Kukuipahu and Mookini Laukini nearby. The extensive agricultural system,like the North Kona Field System
to the south,are only partially mapped. All 33 acres of Puakea Ranch Ise are surrounded by ancient dry stack rock
walls.beside a stone corral located inside. wit
Beginning in 1848,King Kamehameha III a series of laws,later known as the'Great Mahele",that sanctioned the
subdivision of the island into private.tee simple ownership. Initially Puakea was held in private by the monarch,as crown 9ff
lands,until Dr.James Wight purchased the land in 1870 from King Kamehameha I's grandaughter Kekauonohi.
Production of sugar was then attempted at Puakea. Dr.Wight built an animal powered mill at Puakea to process sugar.
The Kohala Ditch was also constructed to provide the large amounts of water necessary.with the water system servicing
several plantations before reaching the last reservoir at Puakea, Unfortunately water flow was never satisfactory,and the
last sugar crop was milled in 1930.
A typical plantation camp had grown up around the struggling mill,however,and when Dr.Wight established his ranch
operations at Puakea.the focus of the settlement changed to accommodate that industry
Cattle had originally been introduced to the island of Hawaii in 1793 by British Captain George Vancouver. King 3
Kamehameha initially placed a"kapu"(law)against killing the animals,and the bovine population soared until population
controls became necessary. Vaqueros,of mostly Mexican.Indian,and Spanish descent, immigrated to Hawaii to teach
Native Hawaiians and others such skills as cattle handling techniques and leather working. The term Espaniolo became 1
reworked into the Hawaiian lexicon as`Paniolo". Hawaii's contribution to cowboy legend was made by Kohala born
paniolo lkua Purdy in 1908,when he won the wold rodeo steer-roping championship,
Generations of Japanese.Caucasion("haole").and mixed blood paniolos worked Puakea and other cattle operations for
over lour generations. In the meantime.cattle operations centralized. In 1944 Puakea Ranch was purchased by Richard3SmartasanadditiontohislegendaryParkerRanch,at one time the largest cattle ranch in the world.
In 2002 Parker Ranch sold 200 acres at Puakea to a local developer who subdivided the land. The subdivision boundaries
followed the many historic rock walls in the area. Sadly, large scale cattle ranching was discontinued,and many of the
historic paniolo families moved out. 3
Most recently,most of the existing structures on the 33 acre Puakea Ranch focus property have been renovated and are
now reused as overnight accommodations for tourists.
Criteria B:s
n
rr
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
IIName 0 Property County arKI State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
ICity or Vicinity:Hawi
County:Hawaii State: Hawaii
IPhotographer: Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
IDescription of Photograph(s)and number: Relationships of buildings and major ruins on Puakea Ranch.
2 of 19.
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I
P,,ap,ea Ranch H18.1111.Hawaii
Provertv Canty and Male
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi iCounty: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer: Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Map of Puakea Ranch showing stone walls in relation to property
lines,buildings,and roads.I/
3 of 19.
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 68
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Puakea Ranch Haw*Hawaii
1
Name of Property CountyandStab
Name of Property. Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
1
Photographer: Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Row of Java Plumb trees planted in the late 1870s
1 4of19.
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Puska*Ranch Hawait,HawaiiNeneotPropettyCotstyandState
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County• Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer: Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Old Sugar Mill stack before it fell in earthquake.
5 of 19.
4",
Ir .
13
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
Name of Property County and State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Ham
Hawaii State Hawaii
Photographer: Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: 1870 brick in Mill stack rubble.
6of19.
2 .. .
4,311
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met
Puakea Ranch iia7ntyandStatealLHawait
Name of Property Cci
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer Tax Map
eirDatePhotographed2009
Old Sugar Mill site looking southwest.
a:
Description of Photograph(s)and number:
7 of 19
10
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Puakea Rance Hawaii,Hawaii
Name ofProperu County and State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Vintage cow corral from the 1940s.
8 0119
1
1
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111
Padilla Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
Nomeof Prope(1y County and State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Building Number 5 showing shingles on wall
9 of 19.
I
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,HawaiiNameOfcrock.. Countyand State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer. Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Building Number 5 showing different wall construction on opposite
wall.
10 of 19.
1
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
Name of Property County and State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State, Hawaii eat
Photographer Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number. Building Number 4.
12 of 19
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Pude RanchHawaii,Hawaii
Name ofProperty County and State
Name of Property Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer: Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Building Number 4 from the left side.
13 of 19.
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karc'
Name of Property Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State. Hawaii
PhotographerTax Map
Date Photographed. 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Exterior of furo(Japanese style-bath house)adjacent to Building 4.
14 of 19.
4
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Radium Rands Hawaii,Hawaii
Name or Property County and State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawk
County: Hawaii State- Hawaii
Photographer: Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Building No.2.
15(>119
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Hawaii,Hawaii
County and State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer:Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Interior.Building No.2.
16 of 19.
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
1 Name o4 Prows, County and State
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
1 City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State Hawaii
Photographer Tax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Original bathtub. Building 1.
17 of 19.
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Puska,Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
Named Property County and State I
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Haw;1
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer. Tax Map
41
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number. Living room.building No.1.
18 of 19.
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Dr.James Wight was born in India in 1814 of Scottish-Irish parentage and received his medical education at the University
of Edinburgh in 1836 After practicing medicine for 13 years in Australia.the California gold rush encouraged him to leave
for the United States with his family. His plans for immigration to American were thwarted,however,when his ship was
wrecked off Mahukona. As doctors were scarce in Hawaii,he was persuaded to remain and opened a store/drug store in
Kobela. Wright eventually sold the store to Samuel G Wilder,another entrepreneur who later built a railway from
Manukona to Kohala
Wight in 1852 became a Circuit Judge and served until 1863. Interested in politics,he was initially elected to the House of
Representatives and later the House of Nobles under the Monarchy. Meanwhile,he had become interested in the
cultivation of sugar cane.,purchased a large interest in the Kohala Plantation,and established another plantation at
Halawa. He also engaged in cattle ranching,establishing his operations at Puakea. In 1879 he was elected president of
an association of planters and mill owners representing the Kohala area. During the era of the Republic of Hawaii,Dr.
Wight was reported to have opposed the government's plans for annexation. He died on September 2, 1905 at the age of
91
Criteria C:
Puakea Ranch represents examples of Native Hawaiian,plantation.paniolo.and ethnic architecture and economies.
1 As part of the North Kohala Field System,the walls demonstrate an understanding of climate.hydraulics,and horticulture
by the first ethnic group the Native Hawaiians. The initial area wall organization reflected the need to direct moisture
collected on the upper slopes of the mountain store and store it at lower elevations experiencing more sunlight and less
rainfall. The dryland stack walls that organize the property itself represent a method of construction involving great
amounts of physical labor that would be difficult to replicate or finance today
Building No.3 represents features of a Plantation style of architecture rather than paniolo style because_
The existing different types of housing on the premesis reflect the social hierarchy of the ranch period. Single family
houses would have been occupied by management while bunkhouses(early examples of duplex or quadplexes)were
lived in by manual laborers Limits to space,privacy and ammernties would thus illustrate social station and occupation.
The strong Japanese influence at this site in the ranch era is reflected in the number of traditional Japanese furo(bath)
buildings.Japanese bathing,unlike western practice,involves washing oneself off first outside the bathing basin and then
soaking in heated water for a period of time Thus the structures contain separate areas for the initial cleaning and then
the soaking practices.
The recent upgrading of the paniolo structures reflects a mix of historic integrity and new amenities that the owners feel is
necessary to attract tourists to stay overnight Integrity is maintained by the use of mostly older materials,retention of the
lot layout and open space.and non-disturbance of archaeological resources.
Criteria D_
As an active site during tour distinct periods of occupation,the site holds archaeological potential. Photographs and an
enclosed map illustrate this potential As of this date.no detailed archaeological study has been done. Nomination to the
Registers would encourage preservation of the site until funds become available.
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
ONO
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Puakea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
Name of Properly County and State
Photographs:
Submit clear and descriptive black and white photographs The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels at 300 opt
pixels per inch)or larger Key all photographs to the sketch map 3
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity:Hawi
County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
1
PhotographerTax Map
Date Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number' Puakea Ranch in relation to other Kohala properties.
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Putflcea Ranch Hawaii,Hawaii
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NameetP County and Stale
Name of Property: Puakea Ranch
City or Vicinity.Hawi
I County: Hawaii State: Hawaii
Photographer: Tax Map
IDate Photographed: 2009
Description of Photograph(s)and number: Lanai and view.Building No. 1
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IPepeneo k Reduction Ad Statement: This information btxeem`g coppUed for vocations to the Stational Register at Historic Places to nanrtatepropertiesterlistingordetermineeligibilityforlisting,to Na properties,and toamend existing Nsurrps. Response to this request is required to obtain abenefitinatcordenoenththeNationalHistoricPreeaWionActasamended(18 U.S.C.480 et eeq.).btillnMd taWan Stolle teat Pubic reportingburden forthis form is estimated to average 18 hours per response including time for reviewinginstructions,gdurig and maintaining data.andcompleting and reviewing theform. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect orthislartotheCubeatRimingandPerformanceManagement.U.S.Dept to the interior,1849 C.Street,NW. Wastingion.DC
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I I,
Mariamoku Hanalei,Hawaii
Name of Properly Count and Stale I,I
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Paponwork Reduction Act 11110ment: This informatszin is balm collected for apploarions to Sas Nsticrial Aegis*or Historic Plass lonominate
prowls'torkaporollsnoinsMobility ix list%to lel popsies.and to mind Waling Wings. NospcsestoIts request Is requiredtochain s
NMI insocardertos viah Ilis NmIons1 Mow Pnosimmion Mt asantenctid(10 U.S.C.400 M seq.).
Estimated Burden Si ... Pubic reporting burden for MI loon is ostrostod to moo ISSows pot respireinckcsno lime lot revising
instructionsgathenng and maintaining data.and completing and reviewing the Conn Direct comensris nopollog Ihis burden somata orsirs wed althisformtotheOftreofPlanningandPeriorrnanceManagementUSDepttotheInterior.WOG.MO.NW.Woohloptio.DC
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SPECIAL PERMIT
PUAKEA GUEST RANCH
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TMK: (3rd) 5-6-001:082
Puakea, North Kohala District, Hawaii Island, State of Hawai`i
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Appendix 3
Cultural Impact Assessment
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Report 1516-011819
CULTURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
PUAKEA RANCH
PUAKEA AHUPUA'A
NORTH KOHALA DISTRICT,
ISLAND OF HAWAI'I
TMK: (3) 5-6-001:POR. 082
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL, AND HISTORICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
73-4161 KAAO ROAD, KAILUA-KONA HI 96740
PHONE: 808-325-2402 FAX: 808-325-1520
Report 1516-011819
CULTURAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
PUAKEA RANCH
PUAKEA AHUPUA'A
NORTH KOHALA DISTRICT
ISLAND OF HAWAII
TMK: (3) 5-6-001:POR. 082
By:
Haun & Associates
Prepared for:
Christie Cash, Puakea Ranch
56-2864 Akoni Pule Highway
Hawi, Hawaii
96719
January 2019
HAUN & ASSOCIATES
ARCHAEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL,AND HISTORICAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SERVICES
73-4161 KAAo ROAD, KAILUA-KONA HI 96740
PHONE: 808-325-2402 FAx: 808-325-1520
I
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
SUMMARY
At the request of Christie Cash, Haun &Associates conducted a cultural impact assessment(CIA) of a 14.92
acre portion of TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082; a 32.411 acre parcel in Puakea Ahupua'a, North Kohala District,
Island of Hawai'i. The objective of the assessment is to identify any culturally significant resources or
traditional cultural practices that occurred within the project area and its immediate vicinity. The
assessment relies upon archival research focused on historical documents, previous archaeology studies,
previous cultural impact assessment reports, and oral interviews. This assessment addresses potential
cultural impacts that future development could have on any traditional cultural practices or resources
following the framework set forth by the Hawai'i Supreme Court in the case of Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka 'Aina vs.the
Hawai`i State Land Use Commission(LUC).
Puakea Ranch and its vicinity were in use by Parker Ranch for more than 70 years. Masa Kawamoto was
born and raised on the ranch and would often help his mother as she worked around the ranch. He once
recalled that he would often go bird hunting with his brother to help his mother whenever the ranch
owners would throw parties. Farming and bird hunting were traditional activities practiced by the local
ranch families. Michael Gomes, a local historian and author, stated that the only activities that took place
on Puakea Ranch were associated with cattle ranching. Those activities ceased at Puakea Ranch once
Parker Ranch sold its Puakea holdings and the families were asked to leave.
No traditional cultural practices or properties were identified within the project area and the proposed
usage of the property will not have a negative impact on any potential traditional cultural practices or
properties located in the vicinity of Puakea Ranch.
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I Table of Contents
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INTRODUCTION 1
Scope of Work 1
I
Project Area Description 1
Methods 4
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BACKGROUND 11
Historical Documentary Research 11
I
Previous Archaeological Research 28
Previous Ethnographic Research 30
FINDINGS 31
ICONCLUSION 33
REFERENCES 34
IAPPENDIX A: LAND COMMISSION AWARDS IN PUAKEA AHUPUA'A(FROM WAIHONA'AINA) 37
APPENDIX B—WEST HAWAII TODAY AND KA WAI OLA PUBLIC NOTICES 43
IFIGURES
Figure 1. Portion of 1995 USGS 7.5' Hawi Quadrangle showing project area 2
Figure 2.Tax Map Key(3)5-6-001 showing project area 3
I Figure 3. May 15,2018 aerial view of project area vicinity from Google Earth 4
Figure 4.Current extent of Puakea Ranch 5
Figure 5.The Cowboy House(view to northeast) 6
111 Figure 6.The Toy Box(view to east) 6
Figure 7.Yoshi's House(view to north-northeast) 7
Figure 8. Entry to Puakea Ranch from Akone Pule Highway(view to north-northeast) 7
I
Figure 9.Tree-lined driveway leading to Yoshi's House(view to southeast) 8
Figure 10.Vegetable garden (view to north) 8
Figure 11. Maintained lawn (view to southeast) 9
Figure 12. Maintained lawn (view to southeast) 9IFigure13. Ahupua'a boundaries 12
Figure 14. Map of the North Kohala District from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:4) 13
Figure 15, Map of the North Kohala District at Contact from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:17) 14
IIFigure 16.Tomonari-Tuggle's(1998) map of the Kohala Field System showing project area 16
Figure 17. Portion of Lydgate's 1893 Hawai'i Register Map 1705 20
Figure 18. Map of the North Kohala District in the Later 19th Century from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:41) 22
I Figure 19. February 13, 1920 article from The Pacific Commercial Advertiser(from newspapers.com) 23
Figure 20. February 9, 2932 articles from The Honolulu Advertiser(from newspapers.com) 26
Figure 21. Portion of 1930 USGS Hawi Quadrangle showing project area 27
Figure 22. 1976 USGS aerial photograph of project area vicinity 27
I Figure 23. Previous archaeological work 29
Figure 24. Masatsu Kawamoto at Puakea in the home he was born in (courtesy of Christie Cash,taken 30
Oct 2018) 31
ITABLES
Table 1. Land Grants in Puakea Ahupua'a 18
ITable 2. Previous archaeological work in Puakea Ahupua'a and surrounding areas 30
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
INTRODUCTION
At the request of Christie Cash, Haun & Associates conducted a cultural impact assessment (CIA) of a
14.92 acre portion of TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082; a 32.411 acre parcel in Puakea Ahupua'a, North Kohala
District, Island of Hawai'i (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The objective of this CIA is to identify any culturally
significant resources or traditional cultural practices that occurred within the project area and its
immediate vicinity. The CIA relies upon archival research focused on historical documents, previous
archaeology studies, previous CIA reports, and oral interviews. This assessment addresses potential
cultural impacts that future development could have on any traditional cultural practices or resources
following the framework set forth by the Hawai'i Supreme Court in the case of Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka 'Aina vs.
the Hawaii State Land Use Commission (LUC).This CIA attempted to make specific findings concerning:
The identity and scope of "valued cultural, historical and natural resources" in the I
petition area, including the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian
rights are exercised in the petition area;
The extent to which those resources, as well as traditional and customary native
Hawaiian rights,will be affected or impaired by the proposed action; and
The feasible action, if any, to be taken by the agency to reasonably protect native
Hawaiian rights,if they are found to exist.
This CIA is prepared in conjunction with a Special Use Permit application for the County of Hawai'i I
Planning and Building Departments. The landowners propose to operate the Puakea Ranch as a "Guest
Ranch". The CIA was conducted between August and December 2018. Described in this report are the
project scope of work, methods, background information, CIA findings, potential impacts to traditional
cultural practices,and mitigation efforts if applicable.
Scope of Work I
In order to satisfy Act 50 of Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka 'Aina vs. Land Use Commission the following specific tasks
were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the project:
1. Conduct background review and research of existing ethnographic, historical,
anthropological, sociological documentary literature relating to traditional cultural
practices and resources in the project area and its immediate vicinity. I
2. Identify and consult with individuals and organizations to identify knowledgeable
individuals with expertise concerning the types of cultural resources, practices, and
beliefs found in the vicinity of the project area
3. Conduct ethnographic/oral historical interviews with knowledgeable individuals;and
4. Prepare and submit a CIA Report
Project Area Description
The project area is an irregularly-shaped 14.92 acre area located within Puakea Ranch at elevations
ranging from approximately 530 to 605 feet. The elevations presented in this report are in feet above
mean sea level (AMSL). Figure 3 is an aerial view of the project area taken on May 15,2018.
HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 1
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 12
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
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The Puakea Ranch headquarters was purchased by Christie Cash and her partner James Nelson in 2005.
Their desire was to create a "low impact, eco-minded, low-density place for families that was anIalternativetotheresorts." (https://keolamagazine.com). She took great efforts to restore the ranch
buildings to their original condition and today the Puakea Ranch provides overnight accommodations for
I
tourists.The area was informally recorded by the landowners in a June 2009 National Register of Historic
Places Registration Form. The ranch buildings were subsequently assigned SIHP Site designation 50-10-2-
9107. The current extent of the facility, comprising the 32.411 acre TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082 is depicted in
I Figure 4. The buildings consist of following: The Saddle House, James Cottage (built 1920s), The Cowboy
House (1880s; Figure 5), The Toy Box (Figure 6), The Tool Shed, The Chicken Coop, The Tree House,
Yoshi's House(19405; Figure 7)and Miles Away(1930s).
IThe special use permit area is accessed by a gravel and dirt driveway that extends inland from the Akoni
Pule Highway (Figure 8) and a Java plum tree-lined driveway (Figure 9) leads Yoshi's House at the eastern
end of the property. The project area is bordered on the east, west and portions of the north and south
Isides by rock walls. It encompasses the structures described above along with a vegetable garden (Figure
10), a pavilion, and pasture. The majority of the project area is comprised of a maintained grass lawn
Figure 11 and Figure 12) and areas of dense guinea grass (Panicum maximum), with stands of koa haole
Leucaena glauca)and kiawe(Prosopis pallida).Additional vegetation in the project area consists of night-
blooming cereus (Hylocereus undatus), hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus), macadamia nut (Macadamia
integrifolia), royal poinciana (Delonix regia),Java plum (Syzygium cumini), monkey pod (Samanea saman),Idragonfruit(Hylocereus undatus), and various ornamental plants.
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TMK: (3)5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
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Figure 6.The Toy Box(view to east)
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Figure 7.Yoshi's House(view to north-northeast)
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Figure 8.Entry to Puakea Ranch from Akone Pule Highway(view to north-northeast)
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 17
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A 116
Figure 11. Maintained lawn(view to southeast)
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Figure 12.Maintained lawn(view to southeast) I
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
Methods
Archival research was conducted at the Hamilton Library Hawaii and Pacific Collection at the University of
1 Hawaii-Manoa, the University of Hawaii-Hilo Hawaiian Collection, the Land Survey Office and the Archives
Division of the Hawaii Department of Accounting and General Services, the Bishop Museum Archives, State
Historic Preservation Division library, State Survey Division, and the Hawaii State Public Libraries in Honolulu
and Hilo.
Informal "talk story" interviews were conducted with knowledgeable individuals in a manner that allowed
I the individual to discuss the issues that were most important to them about the project area and the
proposed project. The individuals that chose to participate in this CIA were residents of Kohala and were
knowledgeable about the area.
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
BACKGROUND
Historical Documentary Research
The project area is situated in the ahupua'a of Puakea near the end of Hawaii Island (Figure 13). The
project area is located within the boundaries of the historic Puakea Ranch headquarters area and is
situated approximately 100 meters inland of the Akoni Pule Highway (Highway 270). The project area is
located approximately 800 meters seaward of Puu Ula. An unnamed puu or hill is located adjacent to the
project area to the north.
Puakea is literally translated as "white blossom" (Pukui, Elbert and Mookini 1976: 191). The ahupua'a
originates at the shoreline between Puakea Point and Hianaula Point and extends inland 4,100 meters
2.5 miles) to approximately 1,240 ft elevation. It is bordered on the north by Honoipu Ahupua'a and on
the south by Kukuipahu Ahupua'a.
Tomonari-Tuggle (1988) presents a comprehensive historical overview of the North Kohala district,
separating the area into two distinct geographic zones; the windward and leeward areas which are
divided by the ridges of the Kohala Mountain range in a northwest by southeast direction (Figure 14).This
line extends between Pu'u Kahone in the northwest to Pu'u Pili in the southeast and serves as the
demarcation between the dry leeward side and the relatively wet windward side. The project area is
located in the leeward area.According to Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:5):
The long ridge of Kohala Mountain lies perpendicular to the predominant moisture-
laden northeast trade winds and acts as a deflector, pushing the trades upward, where
the resultant cooling condenses the moisture,forming clouds and rain over the summit.
The rainfall decreases on the leeward side as the air warms in its return to lower I
elevations.
High rainfall is centered over the head of the windward valleys, where average
measurement is 200 inches. At the mouth of the Honokane Nui Valley, it is 60 to 80
inches, decreasing northward toward Hawi where it is 50 inches per year. On the
leeward side, median annual rainfall is approximately 60 inches at Pu'u Hue, which is
579 m (1900 ft) above sea level (Taliaferro 1959:136-137) and approximately 13 inches
at Mahukona at the coast. (Tornonari-Tuggle 1988:132-133).
Tomonari-Tuggle cites several historical accounts that document the extensive agricultural use of Kohala.The I
extent of the agricultural fields at contact is presented in Figure 15. According to this figure, the project
area is located in the area of non-irrigated agriculture. The During Lt. King's 1779 exploration of the Kohala
region,he states:
The country, as far as the eye could reach, seemed fruitful and well
inhabited...[three and four miles inland, plantations of taro and potatoes and wauke] neatly
set out in rows. The walls that separate them are made of the loose burnt stone, which
are got in clearing the ground; and being entirely concealed by sugarcanes planted close
on each side, make the most beautiful fences that can be conceived. [The exploring
party stopped six or seven miles from the sea] at the second but they found among the
plantations...To the left a continuous range of villages, interspersed with groves of coconut
trees spreading along the sea-shore;a thick wood behind this;and to the right,an extent of
ground laid out in regular and well-cultivated plantations,as far as the eye could reach(cited
in Tominari-Tuggle1988:16-18).
HAUN &ASSOCIATES I 11
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 112
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Re.ort 1516-011819
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 1 13
I
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
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Figure 15,Map of the North Kohala District at Contact from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:17)
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 114
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
Similar observations were made in 1793 by Archibald Menzies and in 1823 by William Ellis.According to Ellis,
Streams of water were frequent, and a large quantity of ground was cultivated on their banks, and in the
vicinity(1963:19)",and Menzies states:
From the north-west point of the island ['Upolu Point], the country stretches back for a
considerable distance with a very gradual ascent, and is destitute of trees or bushes of any
kind. But it bears every appearance of industrious cultivation by the number of small fields
into which it is laid out(cited in Tominari-Tuggle1988:20).
As indicated above,the project area is located in Tomonari-Tuggle's(1998) Leeward area.The agricultural
use of this area is characterized by a," ...massive field system [the Kohala field system] which sweeps
across the leeward slopes of Kohala [and] reaches the coast at the ahupua'a of Kukuipahu" (1988:11-23).
This field system extended from the shoreline inland to the forests, and was characterized by cross slope
walls designed to block the prevailing trade winds. Using aerial photographs, Tomonari-Tuggle created a
map depicting the extent of the Kohala Field System (Figure 16). As indicated in this figure, the present
project area is located along the northern fringes of the complex.
The North Kohala District is of particular significance as the birthplace of Kamehameha I, who was born
just to the south Mo`okini Heiau (see Figure 15).The district was also the place where his armies gathered
to prepare for war and was a training ground for young warriors (I'I 1959:15). According to the National IParkServicewebsite, the Mo'okini Heiau is one of the first luakini or sacrificial heiau in the Hawaiian
Islands. It is described as follows:
Tradition says that a temple was first built on the northernmost tip of the Island of
Hawaii sometime in the 5th century by the high priest Mo'okini. Later oral tradition says
that the current heiau was built on the older temple between the 13th and 14th
centuries by Pa'ao, a legendary priest from either Tahiti or Samoa who is said to have
introduced the Hawaiians to human sacrifice, the walled heiau, and several types of
kapu—the system of religious, political, and social laws that governed every aspect of
daily life. Pa'ao was said to have lived near Mo'okini Heiau and founded a lineage of
priests that served the ali'i 'ai moku (paramount chief) of the Island of Hawaii through
the early part of the 19th century.111AncientHawaiianshadmanytypesofheiau, each with their own distinct function and
use by particular segments of society. Heiau ranged in size from single upright stones to
massive and complex structures. Larger heiau were built by ali'i(chiefs), but the largest 1andmostcomplex, the luakini heiau (sacrificial temple), could only be constructed and
dedicated by an ali'i'ai moku.Luakini heiau were reserved for rituals involving human or
animal sacrifice and were generally dedicated to the war god Ku. Rituals performed at a
luakini heiau highlighted the ali'i 'ai moku's spiritual, economic, political, and social
control over his lands and his authority over the life and death of his people.
Mo'okini Heiau was active through the early part of the 19th century and was
Kamehameha l's war temple, housing his family's war god Ku-ka-'ili-moku before the
transfer of the god to Kamehameha's new war temple Pu'ukohola Heiau, 21 miles down
the coast near Kawaihae. Kamehameha I's son and heir Liholiho also used Mo'okini
Heiau. In 1819, after his father's death, Liholiho ended kapu and abolished that part of
the Hawaiian religion that depended on heiau. In spite of royal orders that they be
destroyed, Mo'okini and several other large heiau were spared. It was believed that they
had acquired mana(spiritual energy), which protected them against human destruction.
https://www.nps.gov)
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 115
i
1
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 116
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Rej2ort 1516-011819
In January 1778 Cook landed in Waimea, Kaua'i and the culture of old Hawaii began its spiraling change
Day 1992). Cook left Hawaii for several months, but returned later in the year. Kalani'opu'u was fighting
Kahekili's forces in Wailua, Maui on November 19, 1778 when Cook's ship was sighted on his return trip to
the islands. Kalani`opu'u visited Cook on the Resolution, while Kahekili visited Clerke on the Discovery
Kuykendall and Day 1976:16).
When Cook sailed into Kealakekua Bay on January 17, 1779, Kalani'Opu'u was still fighting Kahekili on
Maui.At this time Kahekili's brother Ka'eo-kulani was ruling chief of Kaua'i; Ka-hahana was ruling chief of
O'ahu and Molokai; Kahekili'ahumanu of western Maui, Lanai and Kaho'olawe; and Kalani`opu'u was
ruling chief of Hawaii and Nana (Kamakau, 1992:84-86, 92, 97-98). On January 25th Kalani`opu`u visited
Cook again at Kealakekua Bay, presenting him with several feather cloaks. In February Cook's plan to
kidnap Kalani`opu'u as a hostage was thwarted and Cook was killed following a skirmish over a stolen
111cutter(Kuykendall and Day 1976:18).
Following contact with Westerners, the population of North Kohala declined significantly. According to
State Statistician Schmitt (1977:27), between 1832and 1835, the population in this area declined 26%.
This decline was due in large part to the introduction of diseases by the early visitors. This decline
accompanied a shift in settlement away from the leeward coasts to the interior and to windward areas.
The economy of the islands experienced change as industry and capitalism emerged.The sandalwood trade
was established by Euro-Americans in 1790 and by 1805 had become a burgeoning enterprise(Oliver 1961).
By the 1820's,the sandalwood trade was wreaking havoc on the commoners who were weakening with
the heavy production, exposure, and famine just to fill the coffers of the ali'i who were no longer under
any control constraints (Oliver 1961:261; Kuykendall and Day 1976:42; Bushnell 1993:212). The lack of
control of the sandalwood trade was to soon create the first Hawaiian national debt as promissory notes 111andlevieswereinitiatedbyAmericantradersandenforcedbyAmericanwarships(Oliver 1961:261, 262).
In the 1820s, the sandalwood trade was at its peak and every tree found was cut for its value. The
forests of Kohala, which reached almost to the Kawaihae shore as late as 1815, contained an abundance
of the coveted wood, presumably the dry land species"(n.a. 1967:16).
The Hawaiian culture was well on its way towards Western assimilation as industry in Hawaii went from
the sandalwood trade, to a short-lived whaling industry, to cattle ranching, and the more lucrative, but
insidious sugar industry. Sugar cane was grown on all islands and when Cook arrived, he wrote of seeing
sugar cane plantations. The Chinese on Lana'i are credited with first producing sugar as early as 1802;
however, it was not until 1835 that sugar became established commercially, primarily to replace a waning
sandalwood industry(Oliver 1961:263; Kuykendall and Day 1976:92).
In the 1840s, political acts of the Hawaiian Kingdom government would change the land tenure system in
Hawai`i.All lands were segregated into one of three categories: "Crown Lands" owned by the occupant of
the throne, "Government Lands" controlled by the state, and "Konohiki Lands" controlled by the chiefs;
and "were all subject to the rights of native tenants" (Chinen 1958:29, Beamer 2014:143). In 1846, King
Kamehameha III appointed a Board of Commissioners commonly known as the Land Commissioners, to
confirm or reject all claims to land arising previously to the 10th day of December, AD 1845." Notices
were frequently posted in The Polynesian (Moffat and Kirkpatrick, 1995); however, the legislature did not
acknowledge this act until June 7, 1848 (Chinen 1958:16; Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995:48-49) and the act
is known today as The Great Mahele. In 1850, the Kingdom government passed laws allowing foreigners
to purchase fee simple lands (Speakman 2001:91). The Kuleana Act of 1850 allowed for fee simple land
ownership by commoners.
HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 17
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por.082 Report 1516-011819
IThe Waihona 'Aina (2000) Mahele Database; which is a compilation of data from the Indices of Awards
Indices 1929), Native Register (NR n.d.), Native Testimony (NT n.d.), Foreign Register (FR n.d.) and
Foreign Testimony (FT n.d.) provides information on the Land Commission Awards (LCA) during the
Mahele. This database indicates that two claims were made in Puakea Ahupua'a. LCA 8746 was claimed
by Keawe and LCA 8879B by Kamalamailalo. Only LCA 8879B was subsequently awarded. The location of
I this LCA is not depicted on available tax maps of the area. LCAs 8746 and 8879B are presented in detail in
Appendix A.
I LCA 8746 to Keawe describes an enclosed house lot with two houses, in the 'ill of Laleakone with two
houses on it surrounded by public land. The land passed from Keohokalole to Kekuannui and from
Kekuanui to Keawe. LCA 8879B to Kamalamailalo describes a fenced house lot with five houses, three of
I which were owned by Kamalamailalo and two that were owned by his father Kaulemamoku,The land was
owned by Kamalamailalo since the time of Kamehameha I.
The land of Puakea (and the surrounding ahupua'a) were divided into land grants between 1852 andI1862. Figure 17 is a portion of Lydgate's 1893 Hawai'i Register Map 1705 showing the project area
obtained from the Archives Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services
C
http://ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search). This map indicates that there are nine grants in Puakea
Ahupua'a. Table 1, compiled from information obtained the Waihona 'Aina (2000) Mahele Database
indicates that these grants ranged in area from 18 to 320 acres. According to Figure 17, the majority of
L the Puakea Ranch Headquarters area (TMK: (3) 5-6-001) is situated in Grant 2361 to Henry Christenson,
with a small portion located in Grant 1999 to Kahionamaka. The present project area is located in Grant
2361.
Table 1.Land Grants in Puakea Ahupua'a
Grant Grantee Ahupua'a Yearobtained Grant acreage
P744 Paahao Puakea 1 1852 50.2
745 Kaniho Puakea 1852 18
1549 Kaluhilau Puakea 2 1855 24.7
1550 Malamailalo Puakea 2 1855 88.5
1958 Papa Puakea 1855 19.32
1999 Kahionamaka Puakea 1856 107.65
I 2361 Henry Christiansen Puakea and Honoipu 1857
1861
320
2777 Henere Puakea 32
2848 Henry Christiansen Puakea,Honoipu and Lahuiiki 1862 77.3
By 1858 at least 2,119 foreigners lived in Hawaii. Many were merchants who traded and provided
provisions, ranchers and missionaries, who lived in various locations throughout the islands. "Foreigners
engaged in agricultural pursuits with the idea of reaping a profit from the land, in contrast with theIHawaiians, who carried on...subsistence agriculture" (Coulter 1971:11). In the 1860s, the U. S. Civil War
brought about a boost for the sugar industry in Hawai'i as sugar plantations in the South were boycotted
I or destroyed. And while Rev. Lorenzo Lyons was busy building churches; Imiola in Waimea, Hoku Loa at
Puako and one at Kawaihae(n.a. 1967:18-19), Rev. Elias Bond was getting involved in the sugar business.
In 1860, Rev. Bond engaged his "long-time acquaintance" (Stephenson 1977:7), Samuel N. Castle in
Ifounding the Kohala Sugar Company on lands owned by Bond and his neighbor Dr.James Wight.The first
crop of the Kohala Sugar Company was harvested in January 1865(KTF 1975:69). Kohala's transition was a
I
reflection of what was happening elsewhere in Hawaii, as the sugar industry grew. The industry brought
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 118
TM K: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
in tens of thousands of laborers from Asia, Europe, the Americas, Oceania, and Africa to work on the
many plantations and mills that were being established on all major islands (Oliver 1961:123). Bond's
influence on the expansion of the Kohala sugar industry is described by Tomonari-Tuggle:
When Elias Bond directed his efforts to initiating sugar as a major agricultural industry in
Kohala, he could not have foreseen the incredible success at his modest venture. His primary 111concernwastodevelopameansforHawaiianpeopleofthedistricttocompetesuccessfullyin
the market economy that had evolved in Hawaii. What resulted was a vigorous, stable, and
competitive industry which survived over a century of changing economic situated. For the
Hawaiian people,however,the impact was not what Bond anticipated.
The "triumphant march" brought along not merely a strengthened economy but a new and
prevailing resource,the sugar industry,which abruptly interrupted the process of indigenous
adaptation to Westernization and instituted fundamental changes to the demographic
composition of the community,to the organization of settlements,and to the patterns of land
use. Kohala during this 50 year period was a frontier community characterized by a variety of
people, settlements, and commercial ventures. Newcomers to the district were filling an
economic void with numerous and diverse endeavors,from which only a few would emerge
successful. The void presented a challenge and what already existed in the district was
insignificant in terms of what could potentially develop.
The nature of the community and the organization of land was drastically altered. The
Hawaiian population,already decimated and outmigration,was insufficient of the needs of the
market-oriented agriculture, and waves of immigrant labor from the Orient, Portugal, Puerto
Rico and the Philippines arrived. Americans, British, and other northern Europeans came as
managers and administrators. All were pioneers, leaving family, friends, and homes to seek
better lives in the Kohala sugar frontier.
The sugar mills and their associated plantations held a collective preeminence as major agents
of change and development in the district. Kohala Sugar Company. Bond's model for economic
security,was incorporated in 1863.After a decade of struggling,the company finally showed a
credit balance in 1872, which coincided with the Reciprocity Treaty of 1876 between the
United States and Hawaii.Although Bond maintained a paternal watch over the welfare of his
congregation of laborers, his influence in the operation of the mill and plantation eventually
waned before the demands of the profit-motive and his increasing age.
By the time of Bond's death in 1896,the company was flourishing and competition had arisen Iintheformoffiveothersugarmills.Spurred on by the Reciprocity Treaty,sugar pioneers saw
the potential of commercial development in Kohala. Dr.James Wight, one of the early haole
residents of the district, started the first of the other mills in 1873 at Halawa. In 1874, Union
Mill and Plantation Co.started by the Hinds of Maui and later headed byJames Renton,was set
up in Honomaka'u.Judge C.F. Hart,formerly of Kona, moved to Kohala to start Niuli`i in 1877;
originally milling native-grown cane, he soon expanded into a field operation as well. R.R. and
John Hind moved to Hawi after selling Union Mill and set up the Hawi Mill and Plantation Co.
and its two sugar-growing subsidiaries, Puakea and Homesteads Plantations in 1881. In an
effort to improve operations,the Hawi Company constructed the Hoea Mill in 1904,Star Mill in
Kapa'au,operated only briefly in the 1880s.(Tomonari-Tuggle 1988:40-42)
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 119
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
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HAUN &ASSOCIATES 120
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por.082 Report 1516-011819
Figure 18 is Tomonari-Tuggle's(1988:41) map of the Kohala region in the later 19th Century depicting the above
mentioned camps and mills.This map indicates that the project area was not under sugar cane cultivation.The
burgeoning sugar industry also resulted in the development of a rail system used to transport the cane from the
fields to mills.
The demands of the successful sugar production stimulated the formation of two supportive
enterprises. To service mills, the Hawaiian Railroad Company, started by S.G. Wilder in 1881
and completed in 1883, ran from Mahukona to Niuli`i over 17 trestles and almost 20 miles of
rail. Previously dependent on ox-cart transport of cane to landings at Hapu'u Kauhola Pt.,and
Honoipu,the mills,with one exception,now had efficient access to a landing at Mahukona on
the sheltered lee side of the district. Hawi Mill continued to uses its landing at Honoipu. In
1884, the rail company carried 20,000 tons of freight and 6,000 passengers (Best 1978:43),
proving itself a viable and nearly indispensable means of transportation. At the end of the
century, the line was purchased by a conglomerate of plantations; again Hawi refused
participation,although it eventually joined in 1912.(Tomonari-Tuggle 1988:42)
In 1897, the Hawaiian Railroad Company was dissolved and a new company, the Hawaii Railway, was
incorporated.The Hawaii Railway was sold in 1899 to the four Kohala sugar plantations that it served(Union
Mill,Halawa Plantation,Kohala Plantation,and Niuli'i Plantation).The Hawi Mill and Plantation preferred to haul
cane by wagon to its landing at Honoipu until 1912 when it also purchased a share of the railroad. Passenger
service by the railroads ended by 1920 as automobiles became more common. The Hawaii Railway was dis-
incorporated in 1937 and reincorporated as the Mahukona terminals.The railroad was eventually abandoned
in 1939 (Best 1978:42-48). As indicated in Figure 18 the portion of the railroad in Puakea Ahupua'a is located
approximately 1,100 meters seaward ofthe project area
Not everyone was in favor the railroad and its impact the community. Conde cites an 1882 letter from a farmer
whose land was being:
ruthlessly destroyed by the railroad overseers of S.G.Wilder.This act is equal to that of plain
murder, because the livelihood of myself and my family is reduced to nothing, that is. My
plants and that of my family are covered with dirt,the taro, banana,ti leaves, coffee, mango,
orange,bamboo,and other plants.My property is filled with fruits,but these days it is reduced
to naught.(Conde 1971:40)
The expansion of the Kohala sugar industry in the 1920s and 1930s required a significant labor force and i
immigrants primarily from China and Portugal began arriving. The camps where the immigrants lived were
typically located in close proximity to the fields so that the workers could walk to work (Schweitzer 2003). In
order to supply the needs ofthe burgeoning immigrant population a variety of associated business emerged.
The population of the region went into decline, due in part to young people being lured from the country
to larger towns and cities, especially Honolulu. Between 1940 and 1950 the population declined 17% to I4,456 people. By 1960, there were only 3,386 people in Kohala (Schmitt 1977:12). In 1975 the Kohala Mill
closed its doors because of the declining population and disputes between the unions and management.
As discussed above, Henry Christensen purchased Grant 2361 (location of project area) and Grant 2848 in
the interior of Puakea Ahupua'a and surrounding areas (see Figure 17). A sheep ranch was initially
established along with some sugarcane cultivation; however, the latter was unsuccessful due to the crude
equipment available at the time(Henke 1929:41).
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 121
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I
NOEA p
uw,ps+ tGQ14Ie.L4 LNDCi.
t•' *4. MILLI N40Y'N L.NOCt-
Projec we eeim eta. KDMALA" '1e•
area NAWI .mw• MILL Kt:OKGA
I a :: w.u eNAMANIArucu.
s:",
MILL Kioi'aw ,C,e .rte„ Njtawa"`' wwul
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POLCILLt KILL CO.
i SN6AR F!ELt75
A1lsNYKONA I o
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Orccx C.2k4PAM{
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i I 0 KANNA RANCN
I
I FIGURE 6, NORTu kOWALA IN ME
LATE. 19th CENTuzy
i A 61.40AR. MILL
I 1 TOWN
Q AI L2OA0 3T4TION
LAND iNOI
L s Me10
WOO aa. OATH N
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I
Figure 18.Map of the North Kohala District in the Later 19th Century from Tomonari-Tuggle(1988:41)
MO
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 122
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Christensen's land in Puakea and Kukuipahu were purchased by Dr. James Wight around 1875 and 1
subsequently established a sugarcane and ranching operation on the property. Dr. Wight settled in Kohala
in late 1840s after a ship he was traveling on wrecked off the coast of Mahukona. He operated a drug store IintheareaandalsoservedasaCircuitJudgebetween1852and1863. He was later was elected to the
House of Representatives and subsequently to the House of Nobles under the Hawaiian Monarchy(Clark
et al. 2013:31).I
Dr. Wight obtained a substantial interest in the Kohala Sugar Plantation and established another
plantation in Halawa. He constructed an animal-powered sugar mill at Puakea According to an article in
The Pacific Commercial Advertiser (precursor to the Honolulu Advertiser) a total of 1,118 tons of
sugarcane were produced at Puakea in 1919 with an estimated 1,050 tons to be produced in 1920(Figure
19).
THE PACIFIC COMMERCIAL AD'
AR41 rid pt
ss, , ,,, . .„...,....„...........,..„.......„...,
Shipments To First
of Month, 39,493 Tons{''
PbitP00000 o1 1131 Hs,raiiott
as
Mabokona,Fe,brworw 4,to,Pan Frao•la
toFtdtrsary t TotaiM 3o,sen too+,ae ,took fbr faik,oiaa leer dipmaaret
eoMre,po4 with 01,p34 tn.Aomori i Powke*y 194 tom to Western; VainTenney1,1919_ The fotto.1.$(clow Mil.401, Haws,904 taw tiro toe he,
lath»will rho*lbw dipmeote for cath in to Crockett. The Lawn Johmoo's tytarciwifialsetrgo'uteri 3910 too*
1919 Sat* The Microns.treater rbebcta,waibag
Punct Ern ton. .. ... 33,758 0$.4f7 Febroarc 7,took 831 toe for Crorkott.I
Weereta ....... Uric 1,004 The Morrenfo took 8429 t,mOto Crockett
Refined . .... ....... 1.$T1 '2.000 nal Sig tone of refitted.
Lwbdln*o In Mat raters 1
Total ,. 39.193 61,033 Weataero to alit in the wear fixture
i4hiptoenta wince February I bare will burl at porta awl take obipmtwt*
Ipcn: Wenn.ttutwtw.1,145;tactor.', attpnrrimotety at felons:
be 037: tefised,330—*yowl Wel It M oririta Part Aiteo. 3048 tram to''
date of 5:,903{ewe,of which 3403 tonl W,eterat Matta.H so'w'n an Kabw's%'
is refitted. shoot 4000 teat 9iitera.to. Hnnntole i010a'*Tint Ilagjosst sad Mabukonn,3200'om,part WMietn;
Penrrel milk have,shipper,their 900 Marhlra, Kahului. 32430, wit W'.a'erw.'
mogntw aiwee 110 het report*ouch ago. The sloe of the,]teal's cacao I*ann.
Otaa WWI 413 terns by the Karen resat tats.
t7 Ma'conds,ulna walled from Knot*, The following tette*bows abifoouato lhtWedttnalwysthlaeoe,tr dipped it*Mt to Fehrary 1 by plantations 1Pattlls
tot bar On Venni*,1900 tons;trod Thr Minn 74111 inns.**Honshu;Iso to'Mateo**thereon Aeale Johan*,tram clodee Koolau Aaricnitorwt,
lot*tro
ISO"t'.*tfw,m,w+ ..t'.«b.tt*rentI'Fop '
Hewett
h0ba 10+00*t'r„ a.td moat t NO`
Ibkwa 4o. 11300
04N3tNOM
fsi,ors
rreartTrititi
0'i'e. ............«..,....ton nun
Peteekre near err. .. ................ant ,,....., OAK
WSWilosM4wiit011.s0 tw....:............. i VsVW '.
a000,0 Mbatnttaa t'a. lima ••, C , ,
0wmr t'e.t„."............ ..... tfAM ..... 11,43 4"
Pbtar$1.1par 01140 r............ ....... oxo
Hat401 Plantar
90llnfatfew...,..........,.. I,70o .,.... {,
lobi}
Knob 0050*
4u . ...... ...... .,.•,...
tint 7.fi331PolosMil0'w. 1808 11310
tptgy ri f11w 0.0024,,
4=.4.1.........4=t'
nrkw Ploottotbw z. 1 t1*ton t
newtb
MPym ,, arm Y,toni
Oita aerloottn! 'a................. 00+00 ...ZL2 00.0101
Totoi ,11,0,04 HO ...3,;:a;,:
4 ..., m. ,. Ate..
Figure 19.February 13,1920 article from The Pacific Commercial Advertiser(from newspapers.com)
HAUN & ASSOCIATES ( 23
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I According to Henke's A Survey of Livestock in Hawaii, the history of the ranch is described below:
I Dr.James Wight acquired the Puakea Ranch lands about 1875 and continued with the
sheep ranch,the sheep at that time numbering about 7000 head of the Merino breed.
Robert Mason acted as manager from about 1875 to 1882 and was followed by Hans
I Martinsen,who continued till 1886,when J. H. MacKenzie became manager for Dr.
Wight and continued to 1901.
Dr. Wight about 1886 imported two Maltese jacks at a cost of $1400 and he was
Iprobably one of the first men to breed mules in Hawaii.
Since the sheep suffered from scab, and wild dogs killed many, cattle were substituted
I for the sheep in the eighties and there were few or no sheep left after 1890. Two
Shorthorn bulls were imported from California and bred to the native cattle and
Shorthorn blood predominated on Puakea Ranch till 1901, although some Hereford
I blood was introduced as early as 1889. Beef had little value at this time and many cattle
were sold as work oxen for the cane fields.
I While Mr. MacKenzie was manager water was brought eight miles from the Kohala
mountains, some wells were dug near the beach and some fences built. When Arthur
Mason became manager in 1901 the ranch had about 3000 cattle. During the next
I twenty years Hereford blood gradually replaced the Shorthorns. Eighteen Herefords,
eight bulls and ten cows were imported from Oregon in 1908 at a cost of$130 each and
five bulls were imported from Kentucky in 1920 at a cost of$500 each. (Henke 1929:41-
I42)
Following the death of Dr. Wight on September 2, 1905 at the age of 91. The ranch was operated by
Robert Shingle, E. H.Wodehouse, and A.W.T. Bottomley,trustees for the James Wight Estate. AccordingItoAdamsandAthens(1994:18) by 1910,8,758 acres of land were under the control of the Puakea Ranch.
Water to the ranch and sugar mill were supplied by the Kohala Ditch, which supplied several plantations
in the area emptying into a reservoir in Puakea. The supply of water was inadequate for the successfulIcultivationofsugarcaneandthelastcanecropwasharvestedin1930. (Clark et al.2013:31).
According to Henke,the Puakea Ranch also included an area formerly known as Puuhue Ranch (1929:40).
I The headquarters of the Puuhue Ranch operated as a separate ranch previous to about 1906 when an
amalgamation with Puakea Ranch was effected which willg expire in 1930..."(1929:40). The characteristics
of the combined ranches are described as follows:
llThese combined ranches run from the sea to an elevation of about 4000 feet and have a
total area of about 25,000 acres and at present have about 5000 Herefords, 350 light
Ihorses and 10 Berkshire sows.
Good Hereford bulls as well as females have been imported from time to time and the
ranches at present have 85 range bulls and 75 selected females that are bred to
IIII specially good bulls for the production of the range bulls.The range bulls are segregated
from the cattle from July to February.
I The rainfall at the Puakea Ranch headquarters has varied between 30 and 63 inches
since 1920.The water needed for the cattle comes from the Kohala mountains.
I
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 124
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Paspalum dilatatum has been planted quite extensively and has done very well. Koa
haole(Leucaena glauca)is being experimented with as a promising low land forage crop.
Pigeon peas (Cajanus indicus) have not been extensively tried, although results of such
attempts as have been made with this legume have not been too encouraging. Plenty of
Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) and some red top (Tricholaena rosea) is found on
the lower and intermediate elevations and Hilo grass (Paspalum conjugatum) is quite
abundant on the upper lands. A scattering of Ohia lehua trees is found over the upper
section with practically all their branches on the leeward side of the tree, which is
indicative of the strong winds that prevail much of the time.
The ranches are in need of more fences and paddocks to facilitate segregation and
control of the animals at different ages and to give newly planted grasses an
opportunity to get started while the cattle are kept out of certain sections for a time.
These paddocks are included in the plans for the development of the ranches.
Cattle are marketed from two years of age to about five, at which time they weigh
about 450 to 650 pounds dressed weight. About 500 to 600 are shipped to Honolulu
annually,with an additional 180 slaughtered on the ranch for consumption in the Kohala
district.Cattle for Honolulu are loaded at Kawaihae.The Mahukona beach is not suitable
for loading cattle on the Inter-Island boats.
It is planned to reduce the number of horses which are kept for sale to various parties.
No mules are produced on the ranch at the present time. (Henke 1929:41)
As many landowners did, Dr. Wight brought in laborers to work the land, contributing to a wave of
185,000 Japanese immigrants who came to Hawaii in the 19' and 20th Centuries
https://keolamagazine.com). Zenjiro Kawamoto and his wife Wasa Watabayashi immigrated to North
Kohala from Hiroshima as part of the wave of Japanese immigration. They settled at the Puakea Ranch
and moved into what would eventually be call the"Cowboy House" (see Figure 4).The Kawamotos raised
three children at the ranch,consisting of Masato (Johnny),Yoshio(Yoshi) and Thelma and the family went
on to oversee the operations of the Puakea Ranch for four generations.
The Parker Ranch began leasing the Puakea Ranch lands from the James Wight Estate in 1932,agreeing to
a twenty year lease agreement for a fee of$2,500 per year.The lease of the ranch land is memorialized in
a February 9, 1932 article in the Honolulu Advertiser (Figure 20). The Parker Ranch eventually purchased
the Puakea Ranch lands outright in 1944 and eventually purchased the land in 1944
https://puakearanch.com).
Figure 21 is a portion of the USGS 1930 Hawi quadrangle showing the location of the project area and the
Puakea Ranch headquarters. The headquarters are situated on the mauka side of the historic road that
follows the path of the current Akoni Pule Highway. The map also shows a road extending seaward to
Honoipu Landing and the railroad extending throughout Puakea Ahupua'a at approximately 170 to 200 ft
elevation. A cluster of building is located inland of Honoipu Landing and three houses are present mauka
of the railroad line.
HAUN 8c ASSOCIATES 125
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1 SSttR.n.y
PARKER RANCH
BUYS KOHALA CO.
LAND AND STOCK
The Koht1. Ranch Co on Hamad
baa been 4urehoed by the Parket
ranch oared by 17-year old RichardSmartInart. •5300.000 deal. It Y an-
nounced MondaynouncedMonday
A 90-year leasehold of the Puate*
ranch at an annual rental of 53.500dincludedInthetransaction.
Th. Parker moth I. enlarged byapproximately1-.000 gale Y • re.
Milt of the pure/mut.and 9.000 head
0t tank
The Puakea ranch contains about5.000 acres and 4.500 head of eat-
i'
td, and the Schein Ranch 11.000
sores and..300 head of etoct.
Alfred W. Carter If trustee andgeneralmanageroftheParkerrand
erhlch operate.in Honolulu throughtheRavenMemCo.
At one time the Rapala and Pus-
ka.ranches were under an amatga.
Matron Weenier4. the mamma KtheWightestatethenbeingKN.Wodebouy. A W T. Bottomley andRobertWblunt'.
The trusteeahy., .Spared about ayearagoandatthattimetheWight
estate lands vent to the beneactarls.In the latter part of 1531 the 10-year
1 dae.hotd of the Pt.*..ranch geRm.trey to the Ronela ranch ale el-
mutedKoh.la Ranch Co.was IncorporatedonMarch141904.
At the time of the execution oftheleaseholdtheKotulaRanchCo.purr
heft.
IS4
the »gnu of the
parse MA
Wight
Puttee lednn1..
Figure 20.February 9,2932 articles from The Honolulu Advertiser(from newspapers.com)
Figure 22 is a portion of an aerial view of the project area vicinity taken on December 20, 1976 by the U.S.
Geological Survey and obtained from the University of Hawai`i at Manoa online library
http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu).This photograph shows the extent of the Puakea Ranch headquarters at
this time.
In the 1980s the Parker Ranch subsequently sold 200 acres of the Puakea Ranch lands to a real estate
developer and the Kawamoto family and other ranch employees were asked to relocate. The Puakea
Ranch headquarters, including the present project area subsequently fell into disrepair.
1
HAUN &ASSOCIATES I 26
TMK: (3) 5-6-
I
001: Por. 082 Report 1516 011819
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HAUN & ASSOCIATES 127
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TMK:J315-6-001 Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
II
Previous Archaeological Research
A considerable amount of archaeological research has been conducted within Puakea Ahupua'a, including
11 the entirety of the portion of the ahupua'a seaward of the Akoni Pule Highway. These projects, totaling
more than 750 acre are shown in Figure 23 and summarized in Table 2. Not included in the figure or table
I are Statewide Survey of Historic Places survey that extended along the west coast of Hawaii Island and
the historical overview of the North Kohala district by Tomonari-Tuggle (1988).The sites identified during
these projects were subsequently documented during surveys by Bury et al. (2006), Clark et al. (2013),
Rosendahl (1982a, 1982b) and are included in those entries.
The prior archaeological studies in the area indicate widespread disturbance associated with historic
1 cattle ranching. Despite this disturbance, 60 sites have been documented. This equates to an estimated
density of 13 sites per acre.
Between 1982 and 1993 a series of field inspections, reconnaissance surveys and excavation projects
were conducted of a 440 acre parcel that extends from the shoreline at Honoipu Landing inland to thelbAkoniPuleHighway.These projects were conducted by Barrera (1984, 1992, 1993)and Rosendahl (1982a,
1982b, 1984). These combined projects identified a total of 22 sites comprised predominately of pre-
contact to early historic habitation sites, along several agricultural and burial sites. A portion of the
historic railroad grade that extends through the area was also documented.
Clark and Rechtman (2005) conducted an archaeological inventory survey pf a 215 acre parcel in Puakea
and Kukuipahu Ahupua'a.This survey area extended inland from the Bury et al. (2006)/Clark et al. (2013)
project area east to the Akoni Pule Highway. Large portions of the area had been mechanically cleared for
pasture improvement; however, 13 sites were documented. The sites consisted of a platform, two
habitation complexes, a habitation/resource procurement area, a modified outcrop/wind break, a
complex comprised of a water tank, a concrete water trough, and two foundations, a concrete survey
marker,a cairn and five modified outcrops/alignments
aim
Bury et al. (2006) conducted an archaeological inventory survey of a 78.5 acre parcel in coastal Puakea,
extending from the shoreline at Holana Bay inland to approximately 200 ft. Portions of this area were
subsequently examined by Clark et al. (2013). A total of 25 sites have been identified in this area
consisting of two survey markers, a portion of the railroad grade that extends through the area, World
War II Navy tower installation, eight pre-contact to early historic habitation complexes, three habitationLenclosuresandtwoenclosureremnants,two burial platforms,two alignments, a mound and three cairns.
The area immediately to the south of the present by Corbin and Rosendahl (2006). The area was
comprised of former Puakea Ranch pasture land that had been previously grubbed. No archaeological
sites or features were identified during this project.
Based on the archaeological work conducted in the area,the majority of the habitation sites in Puakea are
located in the coastal areas.The interior portions, including the present project area are located along the
northern fringes of the vast agricultural complex known as the Kohala Field System as defined by
Tomonari-Tuggle(1988;see Figure 16).
F
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 128
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Upolu Airport 111°' \
allip.A mt m \
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Y
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Hwy 270)
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NIK:(3)5-6.001:08 \
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m II
S Akoni Pule Hwy
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AWALLot
Contour Interval=200ft
0 400 300011 Ahupua'a Boundary II
200 0 ron,n
Ditch
Figure 23.Previous archaeological work
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 129
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I Table 2.Previous archaeological work in Puakea Ahupua'a and surrounding areas
I Author Ahupua'a StudyType*
1vaticm
1ft Acreage
ssittof
Historic use
Bury et al.(2006),Clark et al.
es
Puakea and Kukuipahui Archaeological Inventory 0-200 78.4 25 Cattle ranching2013) Survey
I Barrera(1984,1922,1993),Field inspection,
Rosendhal(1982a,1982b,1984) Puakea and Honoipu Reconnaissance, 0-550 440.0 22 Cattle ranching
Excavation
Clark and Rechtman(2005) Puakea and Kukuipahui Archaeological Inventory 200-500 215.0 13 Cattle ranchingSurvey
ICorbin and Rosendahl(2006) Puakea and Kukuipahui Archaeological Inventory 450-550 24.6 0 Cattle ranchingSurvey
Tot 758.0 60
Previous Ethnographic Research
I The current landowner, Ms. Christie Cash, has conducted extensive research into the Puakea Ranch and
the people who called it home. In an October 24, 2017 letter to the architecture branch of the SHPD
requesting permission to reconstruct several structures on the property, Ms. Cash provides insight into
I the Kawamoto family who oversaw the operations of the Puakea Ranch for generations, and a general
historic of the ranch.According to Ms. Cash:
Because these structures no longer exist and only foundations or ruins remain,we mustIrelyontheoralhistoryofMasaandThelmaKawamotowholivedatPuakeaandwere
both born at Puakea in the Cowboy House in the 1920's. As children, their mother
I worked for the family in the "big house" and Masa described it as a large two-story
home with many bedrooms. According to Masa, many big parties and gatherings were
held and his mother worked the parties as kitchen help. Masa and Yoshi would hunt
I pheasants for the parties and his mother would prepare them. He described this to me
when he came to visit Puakea and teach me the history he could.
From 1870-1928, descendants and relatives of James Wight of Kohala resided in the
1 home and managed Puakea Planation and Ranch. The home was considered to be a
grand estate and many parties and gatherings were hosted at the home, as "The
Society" was a very important part of the predominantly British culture of North Kohala
ISugar's growers and Mill owners. Prominent Plantation Families of the time including
Mrs. & Mrs. H. R. Bryant, Mr. & Mrs. James S. Wight, Mr. Robert Leighton Hind and Mr.
Mrs. H.P.Woods were all residences of the estate home from 1870-1940.
Beginning in 1928-1932, management of Puakea was controlled Mr. John Hind, who was the president of
the Puakea Plantation Company. Beginning in the 1930s, Parker Ranch also took a greater interest and
control of Puakea. In 1944, Richard Smart purchased Puakea Ranch from the James Wight Estate where it11hadbeenpartofthevastWightEstateholdingsbeginninginthe1850s.
1
I
I
HAUN &ASSOCIATES I 30
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FINDINGS
11.110
Public notices were published in the August 24 and 26 2018 issues of West Hawaii Today newspaper and
in the September 2018 edition of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) newsletter, Ka Wai Ola, searching
for people that were knowledgeable of the project area and its vicinity (Appendix A). No one responded
to the public notices. OHA and members of the North Kohala community were contacted in an effort to
identify persons with an intimate knowledge of the project area and Puakea Ahupua'a. Ms. Cash
recommended that we speak Masa Kawamoto (a former resident of the ranch). David Gomes (a local
historian) and Michael Gomes (a local historian). Shane Palacat-Nelson of OHA recommended that we
contact Fredrico Cachola(a prominent member and cultural practitioner of North Kohala).
Masatsu "Masa" Kawamoto was born on the premises of Puakea Ranch in the Cowboy house in 1922
Figure 24). Unfortunately, Masa is 96 years old and does not remember much of his childhood time at
Puakea Ranch. Masa was a Parker Ranch foreman, a rodeo champion, and a member of the 100th
Battalion/442' Infantry Regiment during World War II. In November of 2011, Masa Kawamoto was
awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for his service during World War II as part of the 100th
Battalion/442'Infantry Regiment. His wife, Eunice, brought him to the ranch for an interview on October
30, 2018. She said that whenever she drives him by the ranch he would point out that he used to ride
horses there. When asked if he could recall any traditional practices on the ranch he was unresponsive.
Eunice, though, recalled that before the land in the area was sold off the families would farm and grow
their own produce; people would hunt birds as well but none of that has happened in the area since all of
the families moved out. Eunice also mentioned that while Masa may not remember much he did have a
chance to speak with Ms. Cash a few years ago and was able to pass his story along to her then. Christie
did share that Masa was born and spent his early years at Puakea Ranch. Masa and his brother Yoshi
would help their mother when she would work up at the"big house."
I
Figure 24.Masatsu Kawamoto at Puakea in the home he was born in(courtesy of Christie Cash,
taken 30 Oct 2018)
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 131
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
David Gomes is a local historian and luthier currently residing in Hawi. He was happy to have the chance
to speak about Puakea Ranch and Ahupua'a but said that his brother, Michael Gomes,was a better source
of information.
Michael Gomes is a lifelong resident of Kohala and a local historian. He co-authored the book Kohala
Aina a History of North Kohala with Sophia V. Schweitzer. Mr. Gomes was interviewed via phone on
December 6, 2018. Mr. Gomes discussed Puakea Ranch during the tenure of James Wight and his family
as owners and then being eventually sold off to Parker Ranch in the mid-1940s. Dr. James Wight owned
land that stretched from Halawa to Mahukona. Dr. Wight built the first animal-powered sugar mill in
Kohala to process the sugar from his sugar plantation. Mr. Gomes stated that sugar did not grow well at
Puakea Ranch even though Wight used the area to process the sugar from the leeward side of Kohala.
Pineapple did grow well in leeward Kohala and was cultivated in the vicinity of Puakea Ranch. When
asked he was aware of any traditional cultural practices or places within Puakea Ranch or its vicinity Mr.
Gomes stated that the only activities that he could think of were associated with ranching since the
Puakea Ranch area has been ranch land for the past 70 years.
Fedrico Keakaokalani Cachola, Jr. was born and raised in Kohala and has spent his life devoted to
1 enriching the lives of Hawai'i's youth. He was a teacher at Wai'anae Intermediate, vice principal at
Nanakuli High School and principal of Nanaikapono Elementary on O'ahu. He is a cultural practitioner and
well respected for his knowledge of Kohala. He was contacted via email in October regarding this project.
He was willing to share his mana'o (thoughts) on the project and requested more information on the
scope of this CIA. Mr. Cachola did not respond to further contact after further project details were
provided.
No traditional properties or ongoing practices were identified during this CIA. Parker Ranch leased the
property in the 1920's and bought it in the mid-1940s. The local families that lived and worked on the
ranch would farm to raise their own produce or hunt birds in the area. These activities have not taken
place since the ranch families moved away once Parker Ranch sold its holdings in Puakea.
1
I
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 132
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
CONCLUSION
The objective of this CIA is to identify any culturally significant resources or traditional cultural practices
that occurred within the project area and its immediate vicinity. The CIA was conducted following the
framework set forth by the Hawaii Supreme Court in the case of Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka 'Aina vs. the Hawai'i
State Land Use Commission(LUC).
This CIA was prepared in conjunction with a Special Use Permit application for the County of Hawai'i
Planning and Building Departments. The landowner proposes to operate the 14.92 acres special use
permit area of Puakea Ranch as a "Guest Ranch."
An archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of a 2.14 acre portion of the property was conducted in October
2018 and identified three historic features of a previously identified site (Site 9071) within the project
area,two historic concrete slabs and a ranch wall (Haun and Henry 2018). The portion of Site 9071 within
the project area has retained its integrity. It was assessed as significant for its associations with sugar cane
cultivation and cattle ranching which are activities that contributed to the broad patterns of history(NRHP I
Criterion A). Site 9071 is also associated with Dr.James White(NRHP Criterion B), is an excellent site type
example (NRHP Criterion C) and has the potential to yield information which may broaden our
understanding of the local history(NRHP Criterion D). I
Previous ethnographic research showed that sugar and ranching were the prominent economic activities
for this area. The early 20th Century showed a shift from sugar cultivation to ranching at Puakea Ranch.
There was not enough water to make sugar cane cultivation lucrative. Parker Ranch began leasing Puakea
Ranch and its surrounding lands in the 1920s and bought the lands in the mid-1940s.
Masa Kawamoto, born and raised at Puakea Ranch, a cowboy and World War II veteran, and his wife, I
Eunice, once recalled farming and bird hunting activities taking place in and around Puakea Ranch.
Michael Gomes, a local historian and author, noted that the only activities he could recall for Puakea
Ranch were all associated with ranching. Once Parker Ranch sold its Puakea holdings the families that
lived on and around the ranch were asked to leave and those activities no longer take place at Puakea
Ranch.
No traditional cultural properties or practices were identified within the project area during this study.
Traditional cultural practices and properties may be present in Puakea Ahupua'a, but the proposed use of
the ranch should not interfere or have a negative impact upon them. I
I
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 133
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TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
REFERENCES
Archives Division of the Hawai'i Department of Accounting and General Services.
2017 http://ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search
II
Beamer, Kamanamaikalani
2014 No Mokou Ka Mana Liberating a Nation. Kamehameha Publishing 2014, Honolulu, HI.
111 Best,G.M.
1978 Railroads of Hawaii: Narrow and Standard Gauge Common Carriers. San Marino, CA. Golden
West Books. CA:Golden West Books.
Bushnell,0.A.
1993 The Gifts of Civilization: Germs and Genocide in Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press,
Honolulu.
Chinen,J.
1958 The Great Mahele:Hawaii's Land Division of 1848. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
Conde,J.
1971 Narrow Gauge in a Kingdom.Glenwood Publishers, Felton,California.
Coulter,J.
1971 Agricultural Land-Use Planning in the Territory of Hawaii 1940. Agricultural Extension
Bulletin No. 36 Honolulu.
DLNR(Department of Land and Natural Resources)
2003 Hawai'i Administrative Rules, Title 13, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Subtitle
13,State Historic Preservation Division Rules.
Day,A.G.
1992 Hawaii and Points South:True Island Tales. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu.
Dye,T.
2017 Archaeological Reconnaissance for a portion of a Proposed Heritage Sugarcane Plantation,
Land of Kealahewa, North Kohala, Hawai'i Island,TMK: (3)5-5-006:010.T.S. Dye&Colleagues
report prepared for Company Rum LLC.
Ellis,W.
1963 A Narrative of a Tour through Hawaii. Originally published in 1917. Honolulu Advertiser
Publishing Co., Honolulu.
FR
n.d. Foreign Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land
Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives.
a
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 134
1
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
FT 1
n.d. Foreign Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the
Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives.
Giambelluca,T.W.,Q.Chen,A.G. Frazier,l.P. Price,Y.-L.Chen, P.-S. Chu,J.K. Eischeid,and D.M. Delparte
2013 Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai'i. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 94, 313-316, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D- 1
11-00228.1.
Indices 1
1929 Indices of Awards Made by the Board of Land Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the
Hawaiian Islands.Territory of Hawai'i, Honolulu.
111Kuykendall, R.and Day,A.G.
1976 Hawaii:A History from Polynesian Kingdom to American State. Prentice-Hall, Englewood.
NR
n.d. Native Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land
Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives.
NT
n.d. Native Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the I
Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai'i State Archives.
Oliver D.
1961 The Pacific Islands. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
Pukui, M.K.,S.H. Elbert, E.T. Mookini
1976 Place Names of Hawaii, Revised and Expanded Edition. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
Rechtman, R.and M.Orr g
1998 Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Upolu Airport Master Plan, and Environmental Study,
Lands of Kealahewa 1, 2 and 3 and Opihipau, North Kohala District, Island of Hawai`i. PHRI
report 1764 prepared for Belt Collins Hawaii.
Sato, H.H.,W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R.Smythe,and M.Takehiro,Jr.
1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawaii,State of Hawaii. U.S. Department of Agriculture,Soil 1
Conservation Service and University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station.Washington,
D.C.:Government Printing Office.
Schmitt, R.
1977 Historical Statistics of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Schweitzer,S.
2003 Kohala Aina A History of North Kohala. Mutual Publishing, Honolulu.
NO
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 35
1
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
I Stephenson, L.K.
L
1977 Kohala Keia (This is Kohala)Collected Expressions of a Community,A Product of Kohala
People. Privately published.
The Hawaiian University of Hawaii at Manoa online library
L2018 http://magis.manoa.hawaii.edu
Tomonari-Tuggle, M.J.
V 1988 North Kohala:Perceptions of a Changing Community.A Cultural Resource Management
Study. Prepared for Hawaii State Department of Land and Natural Resources—Division of
State parks,Outdoor Recreation and Historic Sites.
Ulukau: The Hawaiian Electronic Dictionary, A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language (revised by Henry H.
Parker).
iib 2018 http://ulukau.org
U.S.Climate Data website
L2018 http://www.usclimatedata.com)
Waihona'Aina Corporation
r
2000 The Mahele Database,waihona.com.
Wehewehe.org
lib 2016 Hawaii Electronic Library -Nd Puke Wehewehe 'Olelo Hawai'i
Wolfe, E.,and J. Morris
2001 Geological Map of the Island of Hawaii. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S GeologicalOil
Survey.
I
r,
it
L
I
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 136
16
1
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
1
APPENDIX A: LAND COMMISSION AWARDS IN PUAKEA
AHUPUA'A (FROM WAIHONA `AINA) 1
1 .
1
1
1
1
1
1
i
I
1
1
1
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 137
I
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
Claim Number: 08746
I Claimant Keawe
Other claimant:
Other name:
I
Island: Hawaii
District: Kohala, North
Ahupuaa Puakeaiki,Puakeanui
I
Ili: Puuoneo,Puulaula, Kalipahale. Paehala. Haliipalala, Laleakone
IApana: 7 Awarded: 0
Loi: FR:
I
Plus: NR: 34v8
Mala Taro: FT: 77v4
Kula: NT: 121v4
I House lot: 1 RP:
KihapailPakanu:6 Number of Royal Patents:
Salt lands: Koele/Poalima: No
I Wauke: Loko: No
Olona: Lokoia: No
I
Noni: Fishing Rights: No
Hala: Sea/Shore/Dunes: No
Sweet Potatoes: AuwailDitch: No
I Irish Potatoes: Other Edifice: No
Bananas:Spring/Well:No
Breadfruit: Pigpen: No
Coconut: Road/Path: Yes
Coffee: Burial/Graveyard: No
I
Oranges:WaHlFence:No
Bitter Melon/Gourd: Stream/MuliwailRiver: No
Sugar Cane: Pali:No
ITobacco: Disease: No
p
I
I
I
HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 38
II
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
KoafKou Trees: Claimant Died No
Other Plants: Other Tree.
Other Mammals:No Miscellaneous: 3
No.8746,Keawe,January 14, 1848
N.R.34v8
Puakea is the Ahupua'a claim. It was from Keohokalole to Kekuanui,from Kekuanui to me,Keawe.Il
have held ft'for fifteen years,that is my claim for land
KEAWE
F.T. 77v4
No.8746.Keawe
Kaahue sworn,testifies that claimant occupies one piece of land in Ili of Puuoneo,Ahupuaa Puakeaiki,
thus bounded:
South by waste land
West by waste land
North by public highway
Fast by Ili of Puulaula.
Also one ICA In Ill of Puulaula,Ahupuaa aforesaid.
South by land held by Kailiahi
West by waste land
North by waste land&public highway
East by Ahupuaa Honoipu.
Also one piece in Ili of Kalepahale,same Ahupuaa.
South by land held by Kauiho
West by land held by Kailiahi
North&East by waste land.
Also one piece in Ili of Paehala,same Ahupuaa.
South by land held by Keawekipi
West by land held by Paahao
North&East by waste land.
Also one lot in Ili of Ilaliipalala.same Ahupuaa.
South by land held by Keawekipi
West by land held by Kupihi
North&Fast by waste land.
Also lot no.2 in Ili of Puuonco,bounded:
South,West, North, East by waste land.ay.
All the above-descried lots consist of dry land,partly cultivated,unfenced&no houses on premises.
Also one lot consist of one equal half of an enclosure belonging to claimant. Keohokalole,situated in Ili of
Laleakone,Ahupuaa Puakeanui Said enclosure is surrounded by public,i.e.made land belonging to
Keohokalole.
Kehuanui(konohiki)gave the above lands to claimant A.D. 1833.
Kalarriailalo, sworn,affirms as above.
N.T. 121-122v4
No.8746,Keawe,October 4, 1848
Kaaua,sworn and stated, I have seen in the ili land of Puakeaiki ahupuaa,6 sections.
1.Section I-Puuoneo Ili.
Mauka by idle land
Kohalawaho by idle land
HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 39
I
TMK: (3)5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
I
IMakai by street
Hamakua by Puulaula Ili.
It has been cultivated;there is no house.
I 2.Section II-Puulaula Ili.
Mauka bt Kailiahi's land
Kohalawaho by idle land
Makai by a street and idle land
I Hamakua by Honoipu ahupuaa.
Cultivation has been done;there is no house
3. Section III-Kalipahale Ili.
I Mauka by Kauiho's land
Kohalawaho by Kailiahrs land
Makai by idle land
Hamakua by idle land.
I This has been cultivated;no house.
4.Section IV-Paehala Ili.
Mauka by Keawekipi's land
I Kohalawaho by Paahao's land
Makai by idle land
Hamakua by idle land.
Cultivated has been done;no house.
I 5.Section V-Haliipalala Ili.
Mauka by Keawekipis land
Kohalawaho by Kupihi's land
Makai by idle land
I Hamakua by idle land.
A portion of it has been cultivated;no house.
6. Section VI-Puuoneo Ili land.
I Mauka by idle land
The rest of the boundaries are Idle land
Some of it have been cultivated.
7.Section VII-Ili land in Laleakone ahupuaa named Puakeanui.
Mauka and the rest of the boundaries are Keohokalote's land,Two houses are there,one of which is for
Keawe,one for Kaaua and another house is for Keohokalole in his/Keawe7!claim
IKekuanui had given him his interest in 1833, no one has objected.
Kalamailalo,sworn and stated. I have known[I eft blank][as]Kaaua has related here.
I No.8746 not awarded]
II
I
I
I
HAUN &ASSOCIATES I 40
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
Claim Number. 088796
Claimant:Kamalamailalo
Other dalmant: Kaulemamoku,father
Other name:
Island. Hawaii
District: Kohala,North
Ahuouaa:Puakea
Kaawikiwiki,Puumanu,Lelekoae,Maliu
Apana:4 Awarded: 1
FR:
Plus, NR:
Mala Taro: FT:
Kula: NT118v4
airHouselot: 1
Kitiapoi/Paluariu: 4 Number of Royal Patents:
Salt lands: KoelefPualinia: No
Wauke: Loko: No
Olona: Lokoia:: No
Noni: Fishing Rights: No
Sea/Shore/Dunes, No
Sweet Potatoes: AuwailDiteh. No
Irish Potatoes: Other Edifice:No
Bananas: Spring/VVell- No
Brexalfruit, Pigpen No
Coconut. Road/Path: No
Coffee Burial/Graveyard: No
Oranges: WalL'Fence- No
Bitter Melon/Gourd: Strearnikkiliwai/River.No
Sugar Cane: Pali No
Tobacco: Disease: No
Kaa/Kou Trees Claimant Died: No
Other Plants: Other ftees-
Other Mammals: No Miscellaneous: Awarded 1 apana,also
1028 dead claim.5
houses
No.8879B,Kamalamailalo
FT 107v4
Kaaua,sworn,testifies that claimant occupies six lots of land in the Ahripliaa of Puakea,thus situated&
bounded-
1st lot-in Ill of Kaaikiwiki.111SouthbyLandheldbyMoku
West by land held by Makuahine
North by land held by Kikau
East by land held by Keaulumoku.
2d lot in Ili of P:rumanu
South by land held by Kaaloa
West&East by land held by Keauluoku
North by land held by Moku.
3d lot in Ili of Lelekoae(no.1)
araSouthbylandheldbyMoku
West by land held by Kikau
North by land held by Keuweopata
East by land hold by Makushine,
4th lot I, li of Maliu.
South East by land held by Moku
West by land held by Kanoena
North by land held by Kaloa.
HAUN & ASSOCIATES I 4 1
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
rr 5th lot in Ili of Lelekoac(No.2)
South by land held by Makaokaia
West by land held by Makuahine
North by land held by Moku
East by land held by Kamikana.
Said lots are dry land,cultivated in part,unfenced.
6th 101 in Ili Lelekoae(No.3)occupied as a house lot.It is fenced with wall. Five houses stand upon the
premises,belonging to claimant&family.
I itle extends back to reign of Karneharneha I through parents of claimant.Uncontested.
Moku,sworn,testifies as above.
N.T. 118-120v4
No.8879B, Kamalamailalo,October 5, 1848
No. 102B,(Dead claim)
Kaaua,sworn,and stated: I have seen there are in the Puakea ahupuaa in Kohala,Hawaii.
1.Section I-Kaawikiwiki Ili.
Mauka by Moku's land
Kohalawaho by Makuahine's land
Makai by Kikau's land
111 Hamakua by Keaulumoku's land.
This section has been cultivated and there is no house.
2. Section II-Puurr anu Ili.
Mauka by Koloa's land
Kohalawaho by Keaulumoku's lard
Makai by Moku's land
Hamakua by Keaulumoku's land.
It has been cultivated and there is no house.
3. Section III-Lelekoae Ili.
Mauka by Moku's land
Kohalawaho by Kikau's land
OPI Makai by Keaweopala's land
Harnakua by Makuahine's land,
It has been cultivated,there is no house.
4. Section IV-Maliu Ili.
IP Mauka by Moku's land
Kohalawaho by Kanoena's land
Makai by Kaloa's land
Hamakua by Moku's land.
It has been cultivated there is nn house The house-lot section is in the ili land of Leleakoac.It has a
fence and there are 5 houses.3 of which are for him IKalamailalof and 2 for Kaulemamoku,who is his
father
This had been acquired by his parents during the time of Kamehameha I;no one has objected.
Moku,sworn and stated.I have known[Left blank][as]Kaana has related here.
Award 88788;Leleakoae Puakea nui N.Kohala: 1 ap.;4.3 Acs;No.1028 not awarded]
I
I
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 142
I
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
APPENDIX B - WEST HAWAII TODAY AND KA WAI OLA PUBLIC
NOTICES
a
HAUN &ASSOCIATES 143
1
N.
TMK: (3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION
IN THE MATER OF
PUBLIC NOTICE 1
1
STATE OF HAWAII I
1 SS.
City and Comityof Honolulu 1
AUG 2 7 2018Doc.Date: Pages: 1 PUBLICNOTICE
Haw&Associates 0 051 an a Wheat iron!
Notary Name:COLLEEN E.SORANAKA FirstJudicialCircuit assessment (C(A) for a portion of IME (3)0 ii
001:Por.082 situated in Pasta AhaPuals hi,
Doc.Description: Affidavit of x4 E:SO,?kohata District island of Harrell 11re CIA is Cu
prepared in conjunction eith Special Use Per'
Publication
T•'''.. **-:.4”- apeheaeee to operate Puakea Ranch as a"L,
Renaloffering antirittes end events to guests:141 -1 NOTARY "-1-'-
p- local conwrismin.AR persons haring interment:a ,
PUBLIC : tradirtronal cutturai practices, resources and pinLef,e ------2-AUG 2 7 2018 *:located within Poakea Ahaptia'a andthe&Myr.,f 7
project Dame) are hereto requested to corni.
NotarSture nate 1. No.90-263 •. .7 Selman Kailthiwn,Harp 8 its:sedates,734101 IQigna
i
y 7 Mate.KadinKona,MI 96740.t808)3252452 poi
arty(30)days of this nonce.
lelPti‘
1,,,s WHTII25777 8/24.8v26/18)
Gwyn Pang being duly swan,deposes and says that she is aclerk,duly authomedito .
execute this affidavit of Oahu Publications,Inc publisher ofThe Honolulu
Star-Advertiser,MidWeek,The Garden Island.West Hawaii Today.and Hawaii
Tribune-Herald.that said newspapers are newspapers ofgeneral circulation in the State
ofHawaii,and that the attached notice is true notice as was published in the
IHonolulu Star-Advertiser 0 tittles on:
MidWeek 0 timeson:
IThe Garden Island 0 timeson:
Hawaii Tribune-herald 0 tiineson:
I/ West Hawaii Today 2 times on:
08/24,08/2612018
Other Publications: 0 times on:
iAnd that affiant is not a party tear in any way interested in die above entitled matter
c.‹...............,--r.1 ,ta-7,-- Cr/es....s.e2r.
Gwyn Pang 1/4—/ 8/
11/ Su ribed
NOTARY \
and we inn this ?)day of aks.54.:4•tA I)20 * PUBLIC :
No.90-263
E...
I
Colleen E Soranaka.Notary Public ofthe FirstJudicial Circuit.State of Hawaii 1/45%\..'•••........•••:-A,:'42t-My commisscommissionnnssion capons Jan 06 2020
Ad# 0001125777
5 OF
SP.NO.: 1.N
HAUN &ASSOCIATES I 44
3
ITMK:(3) 5-6-001: Por. 082 Report 1516-011819
Kepakemapa(September)2018 I
111IREip ,__
ti41,,,,,, i
tA
1
wvnv ahe-orglkwo
poke chainkek,
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4
I
ative Hawaiian fit,, 5,
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the use of aloha c, \ a\c1.1,kr
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i PAGE 14
n
r
RBI IC NOTICE
s
ortiaun&
Avaiaeesiseia e1inga
i, a otFN `"?adarcal intpanassessment(C1Alft
aprxixn T?NK:1315b1Mi1:Pcr.
062 situated m Puakea rLupua'a. 1;II
gnuA
Borth Knha4t Uetnci, Islam of
y„..: Narvai'i.'ttr CIA i.hcing ptepored 1
Y is conjunrtarn w,th Special Use
a., ii-Penne a Iwanon toopeale Punkiea '-;
Ranch a a Yauest Rant d1ering
i^acaciue.and event t guests ud
die Meal communiH Al)mons
z,'
l hninfinfc cacontrthtnmalal-
r anal l ri tis .reuxurcry ani placessa ' hrrk wtdon Puakce A}wgta'a ani
flt I HfGIS PafelYs the tiamp of the Pert parcel are
tgV6tC?r6da'6r's J'' _ s .., herchy teyueued to c ntai Sob*
wihc';pa'i'
rsti,
nrrn Knililuwa,Haan&Aaniiatea.
73.d16)KaaczPlate.l:ailu'a lSztna.Hl
A-,.. (, >',=t y^` 967-011.I$)41 3_i_2(t2 widmt!himiVz2tr
fi r dt dry.of du,mAh.illfi%.. 4,400,..........
HAUN & ASSOCIATES 145
i SPECIAL PERMIT
PUAKEA GUEST RANCH
1
1
TMK: (3rd) 5-6-001:082
Puakea, North Kohala District, Hawai`i Island, State of Hawai`i
I
Appendix 4
Traffic Assessment Report
1
I
I
Traffic Assessment Report
for Puakea Guest Ranch
I
I
Puakea, North Kohala District, Hawaii County
TMK: (3)5-6-001 :082
I
41' LK:MUSED la
1
o
pro. a
r 134632
0® 9203
44.94011
e
1
1
This work was prepared by me or
under my supervision and
construction of this project
ill be under y e •servation.
I
JAM S M. ' DERSEN P.E.
Expires: 04/30/2020
NOVEMBER 18, 2019
a
a
JPE
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
POBOX 551751
Kapa'au HI 96755
808-854-4888
INTRODUCTION:
This report summarizes the findings of a traffic assessment for the proposed Puakea Guest Ranch. This
Traffic Assessment generally describes the anticipated impact to traffic based upon when the project is
completed. Comments provided by the Hawaii State Department of Transportation dated January 7,
2019 and October 9, 2019 were reviewed and incorporated into this report.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
The owners are requesting a Special Permit for use as a Guest Ranch, which would continue vacation
rentals and provide facilities that would allow for various functions including weddings and community
events. The project involves the adaptation of existing Puakea Ranch structures, four of which are
currently used as vacation rentals, and construction ofnew ones, to develop a Guest Ranch.
The Guest Ranch would be able to accommodate as many as 38 guests in the seven rental units and
event area, an increase from the current limit of 18. It would host group activities such as weddings and
family reunions, which would be accommodated in the new event area. A maximum number of persons
on property at any given time for private guest events will be limited to 100 additional non-guests.
Events with more than 38 attendees will be limited to 9am - 8pm, (Sunday - Thursday), 9am-1Opm
Friday, Saturday).
Obtaining the Special Permit would allow the Guest Ranch to offer activities, opportunities and events
to guests, local schools, community and seniors groups to experience ranch life and learn about the
history of the surrounding area,plantation life,the Paniolo, Japanese and native Hawaiian cultures that
make North Kohala what it is today. The Puakea Guest Ranch would like to host up to two community
events annually that will allow up to 350 guests. For these one-day community events, event hours will
be limited to 9am-9pm (Sunday), 9am-1Opm (Friday and Saturday).
The Puakea Guest Ranch is located in North Kohala on Hawai'i Island, approximately two miles before
Hawi Town, Tax Map Key (TMK) (3) 5-6-001:082 (see Figure 1). The 32.4 acre parcel is
approximately 1.4 miles inland from the coast, immediately mauka of Akoni Pule Highway, State
Route 270. There is one proposed access point to the parcel off the mauka side ofAkoni Pule Highway.
It is an existing paved driveway near the 18 mile marker.
EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS:
Akoni Pule Highway, State Route 270, is a facility under the control of the Hawai'i State Department of
Transportation(HDOT). It provides access to Kawaihae Harbor and also serves as the belt road to
Hawi town. It is classified as a Rural Minor Arterial. It is a two-lane undivided State highway with 12'
wide lanes and paved shoulders. The posted speed limit along the main stretch of this roadway is 55
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miles per hour(mph)with a gradual decline to 25 mph near towns. The posted speed limit at the
entrance to the project site is currently 55 mph, although there has been a proposed reduction to 45 mph
for this area. Directional traffic is generally symmetric for this area of Route 270.
The existing traffic volume data is published by the HDOT as an Annual Average Daily Traffic Count,
or AADT,which is a measure of the average number of cars that travel on that section ofroadway in a
given day. HDOT gathers AADT through a combination of permanent, in-ground traffic counting
stations, overhead cameras, and temporary traffic counters or tubes. The 2017 HDOT data for this
stretch ofAkoni Pule Highway shows an AADT of 3,100 (see Figure 2).
HDOT has not published Future Baseline Traffic Reports for Akoni Pule Highway. Regardless, it is
expected to remain as a minor arterial with minimal increase in use. The North Kohala District has
recently seen relatively minor growth rates around 1.05%. Most of that growth activity has been, and is
predicted to be, located south of this project site.
The access to Puakea Bay Ranch subdivision is on the west side of the same intersection. There are no
traffic controls at this intersection. Traffic to and within Puakea Bay Ranch subdivision is extremely
low and does not present traffic congestion problems. Puakea Bay Ranch is comprised of 42 parcels.
Currently there are less than twenty homes in the development. The gatehouse at the entrance is
manned seven days a week with 24 hour key code access for the owners.
The Puakea Ranch access includes an easement to allow for shared access to the two parcels mauka of
the project site. Currently those two lots are undeveloped, traffic is accordingly insignificant.
1
PROJECT TRAFFIC:
The proposed project will generate an increase in vehicle traffic on Akoni Pule Highway once the
Guest Ranch is in operation.Access to the project site is on the mauka side of Akoni Pule Highway
approximately 0.1 mile past the 18 mile marker.
Puakea Ranch currently employs a crew of eight part time staff,two full time salary employees and
pulls from local outside contractors as needed. When the Guest Ranch is operating an additional five
employees are anticipated. Typical work hours are between and would continue to be between 8:00am
and 4:00pm. The increase in daily round trips is expected to be 10 round trips per day representing less
than 1% of the current traffic load on Akoni Pule Highway.
The guest traffic is more generalized. For current rentals, Puakea Ranch typically sees one vehicle per
each of the four rental units. These guests may leave once or twice a day. With the increase to seven
units,the guest traffic is expected to approximately increase by five round trips per day.Again,
representing less than 1% of the current traffic load on Akoni Pule Highway.
Hosted events represent a more significant impact. For a typical guest event, Puakea Ranch anticipates
approximately five vendor vehicles in and out along with an additional 20-25 vehicles for attendees.
Event traffic is typically focused around sunset hours, approximated to be between 4:00pm and
9:45pm. Event guests usually car-pool and/or organize shuttles. This practice will be encouraged. The
30 round trips for that day of the event still represent less than 1% of the current traffic load on Akoni
Pule Highway.
The large community events represent the greatest expected impact. These one-day events are to be
limited to only one or two per year. The owner plans to coordinate with traffic services in order to
ensure the free flow of vehicles through the project entrance. An event like this is expected to host up to
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I eight vendor vehicles and approximately 88 attendee vehicles. These round trips focused on only one or
two days per year only represent 3.5% of the current traffic load on Akoni Pule Highway.
The typical trigger for preparing a Traffic Impact Report(TIR), contained in the HDOT Best Practices
Ifor Traffic Impact Reports, is 100 or more new peak hour trips or 500 daily trips. The relatively minor
increase due to this project does not register that trigger and is therefore not expected to cause a
significant impact.
i
ACCESS TO AKONI PULE HIGHWAY:
IThe existing driveway appears adequate to serve the proposed project. According to HDOT records, the
paved driveway is the original constructed in 1972 and is 18'wide. It is fully paved the approximately
I100'through the property line and has tapered radii extending both directions.
HDOT Highways Hawaii District Engineer will be consulted regarding any improvements to the access
Akoni Pule Highway,Route 270. No parking will be allowed along Route 270.Ito
This stretch of highway is relatively wide open with well maintained mowed grass beyond the
shoulders. Site distances are easily pushing 1000' in both directions. The owner has expressed interest
I in installing a STOP line to encourage guests leaving the property to fully stop prior to approaching the
highway access.No parking is allowed along Route 270.
There is a potential for project-induced secondary effects on Route 270 traffic safety during hostedIevents. If traffic issues attributable to the site operations are identified,the owners will mitigate the
impact to the satisfaction ofHDOT,Hawaii District Engineer.A permit to perform work upon state
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highways will be submitted for any work within the highway right-of-way.
CONCLUSION:
IProject related traffic is not expected to have any significant impacts to Akoni Pule Highway due to the
low volume of employees and guests that would access the site. HDOT Highways Hawaii District
IEngineer will be consulted regarding any improvements to the existing access to Route 270.
REFERENCES:
I Hawai`i Department of Transportation, Hawaii Department of Transportation Best Practices for Traffic
Impact Reports, May 2011.
1 Hawai`i Department of Transportation, Hawaii Department of Transportation Highways Program
Status, 2017, (histategis.maps.arcgis.com).
IThe Institute of Transportation Engineers, Trip Generation Manual, 9th Edition, 2012.
Hawai`i Department of Transportation, Hawaii Department of Transportation Guidelines for Project-
Level Traffic Forecasting , December 2015.
ICounty of Hawai'i, Department of Finance, Real Property Tax Division, 2018.
County of Hawai'i, Planning Department, General Plan, 2005.
IBelt Collins &Associates, Final Environmental Assessment, 1993-05-08-HA-FEA-Puakea-Bay-Ranch-
Passive-Park, 1993.
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Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit
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I SPECIAL PERMIT
PUAKEA GUEST RANCH
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TMK: (3rd) 5-6-001:082
Puakea, North Kohala District, Hawai`i Island, State of Hawai`i
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1 Appendix 5
Letters of Support
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February 18, 2019
Dear Mayor Kim, IWe, the undersigned residents and merchants of Kohala, are writing to
urge you to award Puakea Ranch the Special Use Permit needed to operate the
ranch, not only as a vacation guest ranch, but also as an event venue.
The ranch is an integral asset to our community since 2008. The
overnight guests at the ranch frequent our local establishments, which in turn I
brings economic stability to our community. In addition, the ranch has the
capability to bring a unique venue to our community that will offer many much- 1
needed opportunities for North Kohala.
The owner, Christie Cash, has a daily presence on the Ranch and is an
active member of the community. Christie has built trusting and meaningful
relationships with the local schools, the senior center, the North Kohala
Community Resource Center (NKCRC), as well as many of the businesses in 111
town.
The rich history of Puakea Ranch has been preserved with each and every
step Ms. Cash has taken in the careful restoration of the property. Many local
families have helped to share their knowledge of days gone by on the Ranch and
are grateful for the work she has done. She has restored it to a place Kohala can
continue to be proud of.
If given the Special Use Permit, the community of North Kohala will have
a local venue to hold weddings, birthday parties, fundraising dinners for the
Kohala Hospital and the NKCRC, grad nights to keep our keiki safe, and much
more. Ms. Cash has been extremely generous in supplying complimentary
overnight accommodations for fundraising efforts and will be able to continue
that generosity with expanded opportunities on the Ranch.
Through a front-page article in West Hawaii Today on January 17, 2019,
we became aware of a lawsuit and mounting fines levied on the Ranch. We are
very concerned that our community will lose this valuable asset, many local jobs,
and a good neighbor if these matters are not resolved quickly and with minimal
financial impact on the Ranch. The Ranch is not sustainable without the Special
Use Permit. We are certain that Ms. Cash is willing to compromise on noise-
hour limitations and event frequency for any one who might have concerns.
Mayor Kim, this is an amazing opportunity for the community of North
Kohala, and it results from the hard work and perseverance of Ms. Cash. Please
do not let it falter. We urge you to expedite the Special Use Permit for Puakea
Ranch so that North Kohala will have this lovely venue available for its residents,
IMO
and visitors can come to experience the wonderful place that we call home.
vie
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Petition to Award Puakea Ranch A Special Use Permit
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Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Saturday, September 28, 2019 9:50 AM
To: Mori,Ashley
Cc:Ley, Rachelle
Subject: FW: Puakea Ranch
Please intake to Jeff I
From: Rebecca Keliihoomalu [mailto:rebeccak@elitepacific.com] r "`
41
Sent:Thursday,September 26,2019 6:29 PM
a
To:Yee, Michael <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov> m • .... ,
Cc: Rebecca Hirsch-Keliihoomalu<rebeccak@elitepacific.com>
Subject: Puakea Ranch 1:
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Mr. Yee, Resending as it appears there was a glitch in my first email. Mahalo. i
Mr. Yee, I
I am writing in support of Christie Cash and Puakea Ranch. Additionally I am responding in part to the article
in The West Hawaii Today dated 9/23/19. I
I have known Ms. Cash since 2005 when she contacted me to help her find a property for her family here on the '
Big Island and to perhaps start a retreat center of some type and begin a new career. Christie had a very solid
career at the time on the mainland along with her husband Jay Nelson, yet wanted to find a place where they
could remove themselves from the bustle of mainland life and raise their children here on the Big Island. We
searched all over the Island and ultimately came across Puakea Ranch. We found Lot 1 by my reaching out to
other agents to see if someone had knowledge of a property matching Christie's parameters and agent Jack
Larson responded and ultimately introduced us to the property which was not on the market at the time. Jack
was representing the owner, Roger Meeker. From the beginning, Jack had full knowledge of what Christie's
intentions were and was in full support of her plans to restore the cottages and create a venue for tourists to
experience a more eco friendly historic guest ranch and meaningful way to visit our island. He enthusiastically
and intelligently participated in many discussions including initially naming the property and contributed many
vital ideas to the vision.
Upon viewingthe property we found it to be in a shambles, rodent infested, dilapidated, neglected,p subjectp P
barely livable, likely unsafe to live in yet people were living there, windows and doors that were boarded up and
frankly in disgusting condition. There was no real activity such as farming or plans by owner to improve these
structures and we were told being sold AS IS. The tenants for the most part were living in basically slum-like
conditions. I recall it was a difficult transaction as finding a lender was challenging due to the lack of permits in
County Records which rated the construction "poor" and referred to the old cottages as "framed utility3
sheds". The Ranch had basically been 'abandoned' for years and had recently become 9 lots of record within the
new subdivision developed by Roger Meeker.
Despite the condition of the property, Christie could see the beauty in the historic components and embraced the
plantation era remains. She proceeded to purchase the property in 2006, moved her family here the following
year, placed her children in HPA,hired architects,builders, landscapers, lawyers, bought a house in Waimea 3
where they could live while planning out several years ofbudgets and with a conscious 1 64 ,'i , ..• -.l
1 OCT 0 3 201, 1
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Puakea Ranch,proceeded down the very complex and difficult road of doing business in Hawaii and
Igetting through the quagmire of the county's rules and regulations. Through sheer will power, good intentions,
tremendous investment of time and money, and with clear and transparent steps to bring Puakea Ranch to the
amazing condition it is today, she proceeded. Additionally, along the way saving Puakea Ranch and putting it
Ion the state historic register as a gift to the island of Hawaii and to Kohala; Christie accomplished this for the
pure joy of protecting and preserving it for future generations.
IChristie's vision and enthusiasm for this land and project remains contagious and steadfast. She has every
intention of doing what is required of her to obtain her Special Use Permit including limitations on the size of
events, etc. I personally know ofthe efforts and legal hurdles she has endured through the years in an effort to
I get Puakea Ranch to conform to the standards required of her while also providing an authentic experience to
the tourists she hosts. She continues on this path and she has tremendous support from the visitors she has
hosted to the economic benefit ofour State, County and North Kohala. She donates stays to local charities and
I schools. She is community minded, environmentally conscientious, is farming the land and caring for animals
and is extremely sensitive to keeping the impact low on neighboring properties. However this is not the picture
the recent article painted ofher, nor the letter Robert Watkin's wrote to you (and by the way he is a competitor
I and has never been to Christie's property), nor do her neighbor Mark Torrance's complaints portray the
magnitude of the contribution she has made to historic Kohala while also providing jobs to many local
residents.
The article quotes a neighbor across the highway as saying "this is not what we signed on for...". Everyone of
these individuals, especially those who purchased their properties after 2006, including Mark Torrance, had the
I opportunity for full knowledge of Christie's guest ranch in their due diligence of the area. In fact, Mark
Torrance also had Jack Larson as his agent and he knew full well of Christie's activities before he bought his
property. Peoples accusations, including absentee Torrance, Watkin's and other recent grievances, describe
IChristie as "negligent, totally illegal, impertinent, non-compromising, a liar, defiant and as "mocking" the laws
and the County of Hawaii." Nothing could be further from the truth with perhaps the exception of'defiant'
given she has to defend herself from ill-informed people like Watkin's and wealthy, controlling absentee ownersIlikeTorrance, and suits from the county. Being in the business I am in, I know the effects the new STVR laws
are having on many individuals who have been operating for years on agricultural zoned lands and I also know
most of the like-minded venues such as Puakea Ranch are predominantly located on ag land. This is nothing
l new.
The Christie Cash myself and so many others know is a hard working, creative visionary with only the best of
intentions and desire to be a good neighbor and contributing member to society and the community. She pays
her GET and TAT which doesn't get returned from the county, ever. She is committed to complying and wants
to cooperate within the full extent of the law. What I see here are individuals who may have some reasonable
concerns but nothing that cannot be negotiated, compromised and mediated to the satisfaction of the county
and most others. (There will always be someone who just wants to put the ranch out of business for their own
personal gain like certain neighbors and competitors or, who just want to build another megamansion that they
don't live in.) The implications that the article stated made it sound as if Christie is completely negligent and a
common law breaker which is totally unfounded; her very extensive, long term efforts to conform is
completely the opposite. Most of these descriptions of her are from people she has repeatedly invited to the
ranch so they could see the operation for themselves and yet they magnify and exaggerate the issues without
personal knowledge.
Mr. Yee I urge you to consider the beauty, the well intended nature of Puakea Ranch and the vital economic
and historic component the ranch provides for our Island. We are talking about only 4 cottages that have
operated for several years with the full knowledge ofneighbors and county agencies. Absentee owners (and
their spies) who don't see the daily comings and goings are not the ones with the knowledge here, the county
2
is, and Christie wants very much to work successfully with you to continue with this unique, now historically
protected property and her vision for lavender fields, vegetable gardens and many happy tourists,visiting
children and guests from around the world.
Please confirm receipt of my email.
Sincerely and With Aloha,
Rebecca Keliihoomalu
Rebecca Keliihoomalu, Real Estate Broker RB-19834
The Rebecca K. Collection at Elite Pacific Properties
Island and Statewide Top Producer
President and Founder of The Rebecca K. Collection
Mobile 808.895.1156 I Fax 808.443.0152
Thus email rind any files transmitted with it are confidential and intended solelyfor the use of the individual orentity to vvhinn they ore addressed.if you have received this
email in error please notify the system manager. This message contains confidential information and is intended onlyfor the individual named.If you are not the named
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this v-miorlfrom your system,Ifyou are not the intended recipient you are notified that disclosing,copying,distributing or taking any action to reliance on the contents of tins
information is strictly prohibited.
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IMori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
ISent: Saturday, September 28, 2019 11:32 AM
To: Mori,Ashley
Cc:Ley, Rachelle
ISubject: FW: Puakea Ranch
r1,
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I Please intake to Jeff
c.)
From: Barbara Davis [mailto:barbdavis20@gmail.comj
I Sent:Thursday, September 26, 2019 5:33 PMmi
To: Yee, Michael <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject: Puakea Ranch oo
T'n
bear Mr. Yee,Z'-
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I was thrilled to see the headlines of Monday morning's WHT, "Puakea Ranch draft EA finds no impact". Puakea Ranch
i li is such an important part of our community. They have generously donated to several auctions, donated venues for
community events from fundraisers for North Kohala Community Resource Center, senior luncheons and community
gatherings.
IHowever, reading further, the article took a turn on the last page, siting opinions of a few people that live well over a
mile away from the ranch. It states that an unnamed neighbor at Puakea Bay Ranch "said her and her neighbors almost
Iall have the same concerns about Puakea Ranch hosting large-scale events. " She sites increased traffic and noise. We
have lived on the ranch for 9 years and we have never heard any noise from Puakea Ranch. We live about a half mile
down hill from the ranch so possibly some noise could be heard near the top of the ranch but it would have to be a very
0 still day to allow the noise to travel that far. I think the roosters that live around here would far outweigh any music
4. coming from the ranch!
As far as the traffic goes, unless you happen to be coming or going at the exact moment a car would be entering Puakea
Ranch, we are essentially unaffected.
To state that most of her neighbors have her same concerns is incorrect. I've never been contacted and I live here full
time. I've never heard any complaints about noise or traffic on the ranch and I was on the Board for 7 years.
I don't understand the comments that were made in the paper and I wanted to make sure that it is known that this is
NOT the opinion of the majority of the neighbors. More often than not these days the loudest voices are the only ones
l" heard. It takes some extra effort to hear the majority that are living in peace and don't want to stir up trouble. I can
only surmise that these loud voices have something personal to gain by pushing the ranch out of business.IIP
If you have any questions or need more information, please do not hesitate to call. I'd hate to see this lovely ranch go
out of business because of a small group of haters.
ilio Thank you for your time
Barbara & Bill Davis
56-2996 Puakea Bay Drive
I Hawi, HI 96719
808 889 1252 SCANNEDED
1 1
OCT 0 4 2019
1f23.1-02-.
Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael 1
Sent: Saturday, September 28, 2019 11:31 AM
To: Mori, Ashley
Cc:Ley, Rachelle r:
Subject: FW: Christie Cash and Puakea Guest Ranch/ Noise Issue
jo :41= r
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Please intake to Jeff.
From:Alexandra Star [mailtoatarsaffire@gmail.comj
Sent:Thursday,September 26, 2019 1:39 PM
To:Yee, Michael<MichaeLYee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Cc: Christie Cash<christie@puakearanch.com> y
Subject: Christie Cash and Puakea Guest Ranch/ Noise Issue z
Good Afternoon Michael ..
I
I guess it is time for me to speak up in this matter. One year ago I purchased the 25 acre
property and home that is adjacent to Christie Cash's property. I am her immediate neighbor.
In the year that I have resided here, I have heard very minimal noise, if any, emanating from
her property, and I am down wind of her place. On two occasions I may have heard a few peals Ioflaughterandsomelightmusic, but not on any prolonged basis, and certainly not sufficient to
constitute a 'nuisance' or 'disturbance'. I am here on my property at least 95% of the time. I
have no hearing impairments.
I find it hard to understand how neighbors who are very much further away from her property
than I am can be disturbed by noise. To my knowledge Christie offers the use of her ranch to
various schools, charities, and other organizations to come there for free to enjoy a weekend or
night out. These are wonderful gifts to our community. Children can be excitable and
rambunctious on such occasions, but never to the degree of bothering the immediate neighbors.
I just wanted to add these comments to the record, and reiterate that I have never been
disturbed by noise coming from Christie Cash's property. I thank you for your fair
consideration of my comments.
Sincerely yours,
Alexandra Star
Puakea Ranch Lot 4
SCANNED
OCT n 4 20 9 3
n.in*
I Mori, Ashley J
From: Yee, Michael
I Sent: Saturday, September 28, 2019 11:37 AM
To: Mori, Ashley
Cc:Ley, Rachelle
tISubject: FW: Puakea Ranch
IPlease intake to Jeff
Original Message C.--r,-••., +1•
From: Fara Boisvert [mailto:fara.boisvert@gmail.com]
Sent:Thursday, September 26, 2019 7:20 PM
To: Yee, Michael <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>c
r Subject: Puakea Ranch
E-71
Aloha. I am reaching out to you in concern about issues impacting one of the few sites I am growing a garden at in the
community of North Kohala.
I have been helping develop the Agriculture production at Puakea Ranch since April of 2018. I was a farmer for the
Kohala community since 1998, and have been growing a vegetable garden for the guests, staff, and the community at
I
the ranch. We sell the produce at the Hawi Farmers Market, as well as fresh eggs they raise there on.The ranch. We also
planted a white pineapple field which will begin to yield next summer, and will be expanding fourfold by the end of
2020.We have plans to start producing lavender as well.
Since I began working at Puakea Ranch, I have only witnessed a family oriented, very quiet and mellow environment,
where young families come to relax, enjoy the rustic country atmosphere there. I have never witnessed any noises in
excess of tractors, mowers, and weed eaters, none of which are run before 9 am, and usually finish by 3pm.
Before I started working at Puakea, I ran my own organic farm, Sage Farms, for 20 years. I only had heard and read
about positive things Puakea Ranch had done for the community like donations of their space for a community
fundraiser and senior citizen brunches. I am very well aware how extremely challenging it is do agriculture here in
Hawaii, especially in the dry climate where this ranch is located.The owner Christie Cash has so much respect for the
land, its history, and our community, and is passionate about creating something beautiful and functional for the guests
and community to enjoy for years to come. It's a beautiful, rustic and peaceful place.
I am sorry to hear there are a few folks in our community who have made it their mission to impede this vision, and I
feel the claims of these few are definitely not the opinion of the many others who live and visit here.
Furthermore, it should be noted that some of those in opposition run a high end retreat center here, Hawaii Island
Retreat, which hosts weddings and events, and I think they are simply trying to "rub out" the competition with these
actions and claims against Puakea Ranch.
1 hope a reasonable resolution comes soon regarding this case.
Mahalo for considering my viewpoint.
Sincerely,
Fara Boisvert, DBA Makana 0 Ka `Aina
P.O. Box 1261 Kapa'au, HI 96755
808 895 0279
t
SCANNED
OCT 0 4 2019
1
Mori, Ashley I
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Monday, October 07, 2019 11:03 AM
To: Mori,Ashley I
Subject: FW: Puakea Ranch, Hawi
Please intake to Jeff 3
r-
From:From: Marcelle "Malu" Loren 808-545-1000 texts welcome [mailto:mloren@islandmortgagehawaii.comj
Sent:Saturday, October 05, 2019 7:22 PM Z
To:Yee, Michael<Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov> 1Subject: Puakea Ranch, Hawi
I live at Puakea Bay Ranch which is across the street from Puakea Ranch. My address is 56-2898 Haleakala
View Place TMK 3-5-6-002-024
I support the commercial venue and innkeeping activities at Puakea Ranch as it contributes to a vibrantpg
community that we need to continue to enhance through the efforts of our community entrepreneurs.
I do, however, wish to bring to your attention a need to require a change in the design of the entrance to Puakea
Ranch as it is currently unsafe for such a commercial operation. The design should provide a sight distance of
sufficient length that drivers can control the operation of their vehicles to avoid striking an unexpected object in
the traveled way. A motorist exiting Puakea Ranch should be able to see cars, bikes, and people from the
driveway fronting the state highway known as Akoni Pule Highway. The site distance has obstructions as there
is no current maintenance program of this area performed by Puakea Ranch. As the number of cars entering and
exiting Puakea Ranch can be very significant when a venue is active, I also suggest that the driveway be
expanded to a 2 lane driveway.3
Marcelle Loren 808-545-1000
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Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 2019 11:17 AM
To: Mori,Ashley
Subject: FW: Puakea Ranch
Please intake to Jeff
From: Catalina Cain<catcain@comcast.net> 14V I
Sent:Tuesday, October 08,2019 11:11 AM is
To:Yee, Michael<Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>; kohalanewseditor@gmail.com
Subject: Puakea Ranch 4y . -- -
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30
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October 7, 2019
1
Dear Mr. Yee and Kohala Mountain News.
I am happily writing to you and the Kohala Mountain News regarding Puakea Ranch. I moved to North Kohala
seven years ago to support my son during a difficult time in his life. He was working and living at Puakea
Ranch at that time. Christie Cash offered one of her cottages to me free of charge to help make it possible for3metobewithmyson.
I was able to experience this property from a very intimate perspective. The beauty and sacredness of the ranch
was immediately obvious and over the month I stayed there, this fact sunk deeply into my awareness .That
awareness was the keen observation that this piece of land and its history was deeply cared for and respected by 3
Christie. She knows the background of every incarnation the land went through. Her desire to respect the
integrity of the history was obvious. She is passionate about her responsibility as a steward of the aina.
I
It is unfathomable to me that a small number of people can make such a fuss without knowing who Christie
Cash is in relationship to the ranch, the community and what she does to benefit North Kohala. She expresses
gratitude in having the opportunity to care for this place she calls home. She has told me on many occasions 3
how lucky she feels to have landed here. She generously gifts the ranch for many many events and celebrations
to support the needs of our community, from graduation celebrations, classes to our local school-kids-to.senio
events and hosts at great personal expense organizations like the resource center's annual i ' r•*NNE
OCT14 2013
I .
II often have dinner with Christie and Josh along with an array of wonderful people who come to soak in the
beauty,the sunsets, the trade winds, the garden, the animals, and the exquisite houses she has decorated and
brought back from the dead .Everyone who comes feels blessed to be on the land and comments on the hard
Iwork Christie has put in to Puakea Ranch. There are never a noise issue or traffic impact, or fire danger,just
loving people being gifted by this special place.
I
I am so happy that the powers at be found no negative environmental impact at the ranch .So, I hope the smallInumberofcomplainersstopbullying, lying, and trying to intimidate this amazing woman who has for more
than 10 years sweat and dug and struggled and persevered adversity to create the magic that happens for
everyone who visits Puakea Ranch.
ISincerely,
Catalina Cain
I
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Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Monday, October 07, 2019 11:03 AM f
To: Mori, Ashley
Subject: FW: Puakea Ranch
1,,:iPleaseintaketoJeff
Original Message
From: Karen Johnson [mailto:kdjohnsonmd78@gmail.com]
Sent: Saturday,October 05, 2019 11:41 AM
To:Yee, Michael<Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject: Puakea Ranch
Dear Mr.Yee,I
My husband and I are full time residents at Puakea Bay Ranch.We have never heard any noise nor experienced any
traffic from Puakea Ranch. It is impossible to imagine activity at Puakea Ranch could have any impact on residents at
Puakea Bay Ranch unless you live next to the highway and I suspect highway noise would be more troublesome.
I do not know of the particulars regarding permitting and regulation affecting the ranch, however from a perspective of
noise or traffic affecting the community it is non-existent.I
Sincerely,
IKarenDJohnson
56-3026 Puakea Bay Drive,
Hawi, HI C}
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1 Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
ISent: Monday, October 14, 2019 8:25 AM
To: Mori, Ashley c.o
Subject: FW: Puakea Ranch consideration
Please intake to Jeff.
t
From:Virginia Fortner<Vfortner@hotmail.com>y -
Sent: Sunday, October 13, 2019 11:31 AM
To:Yee, Michael<Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject: Puakea Ranch consideration
IDear Michael Yee,
During my seven years in Kohala, I have enjoyed many trips to Puakea Ranch. Each visit has been quiet,
Ienjoyable, and made me proud to live near Hawi. I've enjoyed fundraisers under big tents, farm-fresh lunches
in two of the cottages, wading in the lava-lined ponds, walking the trails, feeding the resident farm animals,
and quiet sunsets with friends.
ITwice, the Pleine Aire painters of North and South Kohala spent three hours capturing the ranch's beauty on
canvas. At least one watercolor hangs on James Cottage's walls. We were impressed with the historical
Iinformation about the area contained in materials for guests to honor the land.
This is the second year that Kohala Senior Citizens Club has been invited to a Farm-to-Table "Thank you meal,"
Ian event that all 65 of them thankfully attend. The kupuna feel appreciated by the Ranch.
Please consider the community contribution unique Puakea Ranch makes when you address decisions aboutIit. I would like to continue proudly recommending it to visiting families and visitors.
Mahalo,
Virginia Fortner
54-469 Honomakau Rd
Kapaau, HI 96755
1
1
Ct , 17
BY: -4.2:8-3 6.5_.
Matsunaga, Anne
From: Chris Helmuth <chris@kohalapacificrealty.com>
Sent: Wednesday, October 09, 2019 11:45 AM
To: Planning Internet Mail
Cc: Chris Helmuth o
Subject: Support Letter for Christie Cash at Puakea Ranch T; ' c
a
Importance: High
Aloha Mr.Yee: r
I have businesses on both sides of the street in Historic Hawi Town. I also own three properties, commercial and t
agricultural/residential here in North Kohala. I liver here, work here, and have raised my family here. As I have already
written to you from our real estate brokerage and building, I will be brief:
We have been serving in community for over a decade with Christie Cash at Puakea Ranch. Christie practices aloha. She
has always,without hesitation, strongly supported our community through providing a venue for our fundraisers, giving
money and in-kind donations, serving our seniors, providing jobs to local families(including my own family). Her efforts
in creating a guest ranch providing visitors accommodations is a strong benefit to North Kohala and Hawi/Kapaau. It
enhances our quality of life and aligns well with our North Kohala CDP and day to day life here. It's low impact. Please
do not allow the vocal minority, many of which do not even have standing due to proximity, deceive/infect this
process. I heartily recommend APPROVAL of the pending SUP.
Respectfully submitted,
Chris Helmuth
President, CEO
Aloha Man Ventures LW
55-3411 Akoni Pule Highway
Hawi, HI 96719
P.O. Box 400
Kapaau, HI 96755
Cell 808.895.6431
Fax 808.889.5161
NOTICE TO RECIPIENT:: Aloha. This electronic mail transmission and any attachments contain confidential information and may also be privileged
The information is intended only for the addressee. Ifyou are not the named recipientor have otherwise received this communication in error, notify the
sender immediately to arrange for the return of the documents it is against the law to disclose their contents to any other person or use them for any
purpose.or store or copy them in any medium Although this e-mail and any attachments are believed to be free of any virus or other defects that might
affect any computer system into which it is received and opened, it rs the responsibility of the recipient to ensure that it is virus free and no responsibility
is accepted by Chris Helmuth,Aloha Man Ventures LLC and or any of its employees Thank you for your consideration
SCANNED1
1
k1/41 P R
k SCHOOL
I Excellence I Integrity I Compassion
September 30, 2019
Michael Yee
Planning Director
74-5044 Ane Keohokalole Hwy
Kailua-Kona, HI 96740
IAloha Mr. Yee,
I wanted to write to you regarding our experience with Puakea Ranch in Hawi. We understand there
is a complaint from a neighbor regarding noise and other activities. We would like to share our
experience. The ranch generously donated the use for our annual back to school campout on August
22, 2019. Students and teachers arrived at the ranch at around 10:30am. The ranch provided rules
I and guidelines for the school to follow as to not disturb our neighbors. We followed those rules and
guidelines very carefully for the duration of our campout. One example of these rules we followed
had to do with noise. We were told that there should be no amplified music after 9:30pm and all
noise was to be kept at below 55db at all times. Which we followed at all times during our stay.
Another important aspect is making sure that we brought our own portable toilets to the campout
lb (Port-O-Potties). We had 2 portable toilets that were dropped off at the ranch the day of our arrival
and picked up the day of our departure.
The campout was chaperoned at all times by teachers and administrators. It is very important for us
to make sure this is the case for our students safety.
p.
We appreciate the opportunity to share with you the experience we have had with Puakea Ranch.
Please let me know if you have any questions.
lib
Sincerely,
Gerry Delgado
Chief Operating Officer
p 808-885-7933 ext. 7136
www.parkerschoolhawaii.org
14 PARKER
SCHOOL
I
65-1224 Lindsey Rd., Kamuela, HI 96743 (808)885-7933 www.parkerschoolhawaii.org
I
Mori, Ashley 91/O010M
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2019 12:30 PM ti
To: Mori,Ashley rTh
Subject: FW: Puakea Ranch North Kohala c•
Ashley,
c
IPleaseintaketoJeff.
z N
Original Message
From: Andi Longpre<andi@hawaii.rr.com> s ISent:Thursday,September 26, 2019 3:52 PM
To:Yee, Michael<Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>; Kanuha, Duane<Duane.Kanuha@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject: Puakea Ranch North Kohala
Dear. Mr,Yee and Mr. Kanuha: On Monday September 23,2019 I read the front page article in West Hawaii Today. The
headline stated that Puakea Ranch draft EA finds no impact.
As a long term resident of Kapa'au(20 yrs) I was relieved to read the article. However, as I read further I noted that
people who had previously attempted to shut the Ranch down are continuing their efforts. I am aware of the Ranch's
role in our community. The Ranch employs local residents for various activities such as cleaning and landscaping . The
Ranch has also hosted community fund-raising events for Kohala Hospital and the North Kohala Resource Center and
provides a Thanksgiving lunch for the Kohala Senior Citizens Club. When visitors stay at the Ranch they contribute to our
local economy by visiting and shopping at businesses in Hawi and Kapa'au.
Towards the end of the article the draft EA states that hours for all events would be limited from 9 a.m.to 8 p.m.
Sundays through Thursdays, and 9 a.m.to 10 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays. The neighbors' opposition refers to "large-
scale events". Is this a reference to the fundraisers noted above?
I am also aware that Robert Watkins, M.D. has written an intensely critical letter about the Ranch and has aligned
himself with some of the residents of Puakea Bay Ranch in their opposition to Ms. Cash's venture. I am also aware that
Dr. Watkins and his wife,Jean Sunderland, own and operate Hawaii Island Retreat which is located in Kapa'au and is a
venue for"events". I am also aware that when Puakea Ranch is at capacity, (4 separate buildings for guests) Ms Cash
has referred visitors to either Hawaii Island Retreat or Kohala Village Inn.
One may argue that Ms. Cash made some mistakes in her initial efforts to restore The Ranch and obtain all the necessary
permits. My understanding is that in order to obtain a special use permit it was necessary to first have the EA done. She
has complied with that request. I am asking that the Planning Dept.allow Ms Cash to continue in her efforts to be in
compliance with the rules and regulations of the Planning Dept. and continue to provide employment and a venue for
community events.
As an aside: I live within a quarter mile of Kamehameha Park. Throughout the years there have been events with high
intensity bands into the late evening. Would it be appropriate for my neighbors and Ito ask Parks& Rec. Dept.to no
longer issue permits because these events occasionally"disrupt the tranquility of our neighborhood"? I think not
because we support efforts to provide safe local activities.
I urge you to investigate further the motives of non-residents and competitors who have initiated these complaints and
not to grant the injunction.
1 128164
1
Mahalo for your time and attention to this request,
1 Andrea J. Longpre(Andi)
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Begin forwarded message:
From: term Johnston <termnjohnston29gmaiI.com>
Date: October 9, 2019 at 4:04:37 PM HST
Tw: cnichueiyee@howuiicountygov
Subject: Retraction letter
Sent from my iPad
0
Dear Mr. Yee,
I am writing to you to ask that my previous letter to you in regards to the Puakea Ranch be retracted. The
reason being is I feel that I wrote you in haste and sadly with only one side of a story.
Christie Cash had responded to my emails with an invitation to come see for myself what was in question.
My neighbor and I went to visit her yesterday and were astonished at what they've accomplished and what
was transpiring with the heritage listed site. I asked many questions as we were given a full tour of the
cottages, garden, grounds and pavilion. Christie was forthcoming and open.
I understand that she is seeking to resolve the issues with fines, building permits and similar administration
formalities.
I'd hate to think that this special Hawaiian historical site could be torn up or made into another mega
mansion. There could be no better preservation than to have visitors enjoying an old Hawaiian homestead
here on the Big Island. Hopefully there will be a positive outcome and we can all be better neighbors with
support and Aloha for one another.
Thank you for your time,
lerinjohngon
I C C
IMori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
ISent: Thursday, October 10, 2019 8:37 PM
To: Mori, Ashley 7'
Cc:Darrow,Jeff
I
Subject: Fwd: Puakea Ranch Complaint
J
Please intake to Jeff.
Jeff-hmm...the eventual Commission meeting is going to be interesting...y
tSent from my iPhone
I
Begin forwarded message:
c
From: Bridgette Sterling<alohasterlings@gmail.com>
Date: October 10, 2019 at 4:59:42 PM HST
ITo: "Yee, Michael" <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject: Puakea Ranch Complaint c
w
IDear Mr. Yee,
I We are writing to respectfully ask that you disregard our previous complaint filed against Puakea
Ranch on September 20. We have had the pleasure of meeting with Ms. Cash at her facility and
now have a better understanding of her vision moving forward. We feel there will be no impact
I
on us what so ever.
Ms. Cash's hard work and perseverance shines through in each of the beautiful units the County
has placed on the Historical Registry.
ISorry to have taken your time on this. We were sadly misinformed.
I Aloha,
Bridgette&Michael Sterling
I
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seA DIOCTia20;3
1 by:12,8379
1
Mori, Ashley 1
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Monday, October 14, 2019 8:35 AM
To: Mori, Ashley 3
Subject: FW: Puakea Ranch Complaint
Please intake to Jeff. 4
I.
C
From: Bridgette Sterling<alohasterlings@gmail.com>
Sent:Thursday, October 10, 2019 4:58 PM
To:Yee, Michael<Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>1,4.)
Subject: Puakea Ranch Complaint
Z ry
Dear Mr.Yee,
We are writing to respectfully ask that you disregard our previous complaint filed against Puakea Ranch on September 111
20. We have had the pleasure of meeting with Ms. Cash at her facility and now have a better understanding of her
vision moving forward. We feel there will be no impact on us what so ever.
Ms. Cash's hard work and perseverance shines through in each of the beautiful units the County has placed on the
Historical Registry.
Sorry to have taken your time on this. We were sadly misinformed. 1
Aloha,
Bridgette & Michael Sterling
I
SCA N
a6 6
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Mr. Michael Yee & Mr. Daryn Arai
County of Hawai'i Planning Department
1 101 Pauahi St. Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Aloha Messrs. Yee & Arai,
I support the application of Puakea Ranch for a Special Use Permit to operate as
a Guest Ranch. Christie Cash has done a wonderful job of renovating and
preserving this beautiful historic Ranch and its structures. I believe she has the
motivation and capability to execute her plans for the Ranch.
As a former Director and Treasurer of the North Kohala Community Resource
Center, our organization is very grateful to Christie for allowing us to use her
property for three very successful charitable fundraising events over the past
four years. I worked directly with Christie and was impressed by her generosity
and professionalism.
Puakea Ranch currently provides unique accommodations for visitors to North
Kohala who do not want to stay in the rundown Kohala Village Inn or go through
Airbnb or VRBO. Her guests spend money and help sustain the retail stores,
groceries, restaurants and recreational activities in Hawi and Kapaau. I know
this first hand because I also work at a shop in Hawi. Her vacations rentals help
provide employment in the area and support the tax base. Her plans to expand
activities at the Ranch will continue its beneficial impact on the community.
Please approve Christie's application for a Special Use Permit. I would be happy
to discuss any questions or make additional comments -my contact information
is below.
Mahalo for your consideration,
Alida Adamek
55-280 Uli Road - POB 540
Hawi, HI 96719
1 808-938-2200
Alidam007Aaol.com
1
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Bamboo Restaurant & Gallery
P.O. Box 1463, Kapaau, HI 96755
808-889-5555 Fax 889-6152
bamboorestauranthawaii@gmail.com
bamboorestauranthawaii.com
June 2, 2017
Mr. Michael Yee &Mr. Daryn Arai 3
County of Hawai'i Planning Department
101 Pauahi St. Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720 3
Aloha Mr. Yee and Mr. Arai, 3
I am writing you in regard to the issuance of a "Guest Ranch"permit
to Puakea Ranch in North Kohala.3
As owner of one of the long standing commercial establishments and 3oneofthelargestemployersinourcommunity, I would urge you to issue
this permit to Puakea Ranch. The Ranch has been an asset to our community
since its inception, hosting events, contributing resources, and bringing 3
guests into our towns. There has been absolutely no "downside" to the
Ranch in our community and the issuance of a Guest Ranch permit will 3allowthemtofurtheraidandassisttheNorthKohaladistrict.
I wholeheartedly urge you to issue this Guest Ranch permit, to allow
our community and region to grow in a sustainable and energetic fashion,
and to allow Puakea Ranch to fulfill it's highest and best purpose. 3
Thank you for your attention.
3
Sincerely,
Joan Channon, Owner, 3
Bamboo Restaurant & Gallery
1
Mr. Michael Yee & Mr. Daryn Arai
County of Hawai'i Planning Department
101 Pauahi St. Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Subject: Puakea Ranch NOV for operating a "Guest Ranch" TMK 5-6-001:082
X Dear Mr. Lee & Mr. Arai,
We are writing to you as residents of the North Kohala community in support
of Puakea Ranch. We understand they are applying to obtain a Guest Ranch
Use permit and we fully support this endeavor.
The Ranch is a special part of our community and to provide more access
through special events like enrichment classes, yoga classes, Kite Festival,
and pancake breakfast would be a great addition to the community. Not to
mention the jobs and exposure to local businesses they would provide.
With no apparent downside, we can't see why the permit would be denied.
Thank you,
Barbara & Bill Davis
56-2996 Puakea Bay Drive, Hawi
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To Mr. Michael Ye and Mr. Daryn Arai May 23, 2017
County of Hawaii Planning Department
101 Pauahi St. Suite 3 1Hilo, HI, 96720
Subject: Puakea Ranch NOV for operating a"Guest Ranch"TMK 5-6-001:082 I
Dear Sirs,
My name is Mrs. Bindi Wiernicki and I have been a highly qualified teacher at Kohala
El. School for 13 years. I currently teach 1"grade. I am writing to you today to ask that
you allow Ms. Christie Cash to create a"guest ranch" at her home.
As a teacher I am always looking for places to take my students that are educational,
fun, preferably close by, and affordable. This property has so much history that Ms. Cash
has tried so hard to maintain and keep intact. The old buildings on it have been updated
and painted but are the original structures. She has created an atmosphere that is laid
back and welcome to all,- from the smallest of children to the oldest adult. If the "Guest
Ranch" status were allowed to happen, then as a school we would be able to visit and
learn about local history and ranching, animals , farm to table living from the garden , and
even have some horse rides thrown in there as well. As the first Blue Zone school in
Hawaii we would love to take advantage of this learning opportunity. With the growing
costs of transportation, a trip on the bus for our keiki can cost up to $10 sometimes. Our
parents cannot afford much more. This ranch is close by and gives us another venue to
travel too that is something different. We could even have a picnic and a nature walk up
there. My teacher's brain is just brainstorming ideas as I type because this would be such
a great adventure for the children of Hawaii.
On a personal note my husband and I have known Ms. Cash for almost as long as she gni
has owned this property. My husband Vince Wiernicki is a Hawaii county lifeguard and
owns a small yard service company. I have watched the buildings that were old and
falling down become shiny and new again. The ranch's integrity and heritage is still there
when you drive up the long winding road to the main house. There is a wonderful feeling
that you get when you drive up the road. You know that this is a very special place. My
daughter has had the chance to work at the ranch this past year and a half tending the
horses there. Having this small job has helped her pay for her 4H and rodeo fees, horse
shoes, and horse apparel all by herself. There is not much work up in Kohala so being
asked to tend these horses was a great gift for her. My husband has been asked to cut the
grass and to do odd jobs around the property as well. At times that has been money that
was much needed. I see this ranch giving other local people a chance at having a job near
their home as well. What a great vision Ms. Christie has created for the future
generations of Kohala.
I am hoping that this letter will have a great impact on your decision for her request to
allow this ranch to become a"Guest Ranch" in Kohala. We need our historical properties
to thrive and be saved. The history in Kohala needs to be preserved and passed on not
forgotten. Mahalo for your kokua in this decision that will impact many little lives. r„
Sincerely, Mrs. Bindi Wiernicki
I
IMay 26, 2015
I Mr. Michael Yee & Mr. Daryn Arai
County of Hawai'i Planning Department
101 Pauahi St. Suite 3
Hilo, H196720
Gentlemen,
II am a long term resident of North Kohala, living in down town Hawi, and have been
involved in the community here since the late 1980's. I've created several successful for-profit
Ibusinesses, founded the North Kohala Community Resource Center, served as vice chair on the
North Kohala Community Development Plan Steering Committee, and as the first Chairman of
the CDP Action Committee. I think I have a reasonably accurate grasp of the community'sIgeneralinterests.
With this background in mind, I am writing to support Puakea Ranch in their request to
yam obtain a Guest Ranch use permit. It will allow the owners to increase the variety of opportunities
at their ranch to the community and their guests: from outdoor cooking and organic gardening to
P Plein air art and yoga classes. Additionally they would be able to develop a special events
a calendar that would include programs like the Summer Pancake Feast and Kite Festival as well
as history and enrichment programs. Speakers and teachers would be primarily recruited from
bp the community and expanding our ranch/farm operations would bring additional employment
opportunities.
The future of Puakea Ranch is to be a self sustaining working ranch and farm, committed
to increasing the volume and variety of our food crops and expanding the orchards for a true
farm to table experience. All of these activities will enrich the community and provide ways for
visitors to better understand Hawaii as a great place to visit.
Very importantly, it will help with growing our local economy and increasing the number
of local job opportunities for our residents.
Thank you for your consideration of this request. I hope you will be able to support it
with the Planning Commission and that a Guest Ranch permit will be granted.
1 ce -1y,
ninc----
Bo• Martin
l` P. 0. Box 2
Hawi, HI 96719
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From: Chris Helmuth <chris kohala acificrealtFro com>@ p Y
Subject: FW: North Kohala/Puakea Ranch/Letter of Support for
Guest Ranch / Letter Second Separate Business
Date: May 30, 2017 at 1:18:57 PM PDT
To: Christie Cash <christie@puakearanch.com>
From: Chris Helmuth Sent: Thursday, May 25, 2017 9:24 AM
To: 'planning@hawaiicounty.gov'
planning@hawaiicounty.gov>Subject: North
Kohala/Puakea Ranch/Letter of Support for Guest Ranch / 111
Letter Second Separate Business
Mr. Michael Yee-Planning Director
Mr. Daryn Arai-Deputy Director
County of Hawaii Planning Department
101 Pauahi St., Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Aloha Mr. Yee and Mr. Arai:
I understand Puakea Ranch is requesting that they obtain
Guest Ranch status through a SPU. I have observed its
operation for many years. It is a real asset to the North
Kohala Community in that they provide a rare Historically
renovated ranch setting for locals and visitors to Kohala to
enjoy the Puakea Area. Christie Cash has poured her heart
and soul into this effort, and she has a big vision for program
at the Ranch. She provides many jobs, and her guests shop
in our Hawi and Kapaau towns on a regular basis. Further,
she has provided activities for many of the kids in Kohala
including my own). She also offers her venue to the entire
community at a semi-annual fundraiser for the North Kohala
Community Resource Center which attracts 300-400
residents to an evening under the stars (with John Cruz
often! ). It would be a great loss if a few hampered her
1 efforts.
I support her goals and future plans and I believe what she
does at the ranch now it just great. I recommend you provide
I her with her permit requested.
Chris Helmuth
President, CEO1AlohaManVentures LLC
55-3411 Akoni Pule Highway
Hawi, HI 96719
P.O. Box 400
Kapaau, HI 96755
Cell 808.895,6431
Fax 808.889.5161
NOTICE TO RECIPIENT: Aloha. This electronic mail transmission and any
attachments contain confidential information and may also be privileged. The
information is intended only for the addressee. If you are not the named recipient,
or have otherwise received this communication in error, notify the sender
immediately to arrange for the return of the documents. It is against the law to
disclose their contents to any other person or use them for any purpose, or store or
copy them in any medium. Although this e-mail and any attachments are believed
to be free of any virus or other defects that might affect any computer system into
which it is received and opened, it is the responsibility of the recipient to ensure
that it is virus free and no responsibility is accepted by Chris Helmuth, Aloha Man
Ventures LLC and or any of its employees. Thank you for your consideration.
June 5, 2017
Mr. Michael Yee & Mr. Daryn Arai
County of Hawai'i Planning Department
101 Pauahi St. Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Subject:
Puakea Ranch NOV for operating a "Guest Ranch" TMK 5-6-001:082
Aloha Mr. Yee & Mr. Arai,
I am writing today to voice my support of Puakea Ranch's goal to secure a
special Use Permit to operate as a Guest Ranch.
In addition to all of the new activities the ranch would be able to offer, that
the gardens and grounds would be open to local schools (where my sons
attend), community and seniors groups to experience ranch life or learn
about the history of the surrounding area, plantation life, Paniolos,
Japanese and native Hawaiian cultures is a prospect that is really exciting
to me as a proud Kohala resident
Puakea Ranch hopes to offer a variety of opportunities, special events &
programs, as well as history and enrichment programs. I also think that
their goal to be a self sustaining working ranch and farm is great.
Puakea's commitment to our community and beyond is commendable,
something I've witnessed for nealy eight years now. Any effort at bringing
our community together should be encouraged.
Mahalo for considering my support for Puakea Ranch's Guest Ranch
Permit -
Sincerely
Marci Elizondo
Halaula, North Kohala
June 5, 2017
Mr. Michael Yee & Mr. Daryn Arai
County of Hawai'i Planning Department
101 Pauahi St. Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Subject:
Puakea Ranch NOV for operating a "Guest Ranch" TMK 5-6-001:082
Aloha Mr. Yee & Mr. Arai,a ,
Please count me among the Kohala community members that support Puakea Ranch's
goal to secure a special Use Permit to operate as a Guest Ranch.
This ranch has been in operation for several years now, as a stable, friendly community-
minded business and attractive location for visitors and residents alike to enjoy
themselves.
Now that they would like to offer more activities and events & programs for Kohalans
and visitors to enjoy, I'm proud to add my name to the list of supporters for this permit.
Puakea Ranch plans to offer history and enrichment programs and become a self-
sustaining working ranch and farm. All of this will only add to Kohala's standing as an
attractive place to visit, and will surely bring more travellers up to enjoy the other
attractions and activities, spreading the wealth for a much-deserving community.
so
Sincerely,
Christopher Scelza
Halaula, North Kohala
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May 22, 2017
I
Mr. Michael Yee &Mr. Daryn Arai
County of Hawai'i Planning Department
101 Pauahi St. Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Reference: Puakea Ranch NOV for operating a "Guest Ranch" TMK 5-6-001:082
Aloha Mr. Yee and Mr. Arai,
My name is Christine Richardson and I have been an active member of the North Kohala
community for over 23 years. I have served as registered nurse for North Hawaii Hospice for
over 20 years and full time as the Executive Director of the North Kohala Community Resource
Center for 14 years. The Center thrives as an organization which provides support, education and
bridges to funding as a fiscal sponsor and coach for over 90 community improvement projects.
This work has given me the opportunity to witness firsthand the efforts by so many folks to make
Kohala a great place to live and work. Christi Cash of Puakea Ranch is one of those folks.
I am writing on behalf of Ms. Cash in support of her request for Puakea Ranch obtaining
a Guest Ranch use permit. I have known Christi Cash in community for twelve years and have
followed her efforts to carefully and respectfully restore Puakea Ranch in North Kohala. I
believe the community as a whole supports her efforts to preserve and restore a very special
piece of our Paniolo history that would have otherwise fallen into ruin without her attention and
investment.
Thanks so much for your time and consideration of this matter. Please consider granting her this
permit so she can maintain the high level of integrity and preservation for this historical ranch. w
Mahalo,
Christine Richardson
P.O. Box 509
Hawi, HI 96719
808-895-6108
01
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Mr. Michael Yee & Mr. Daryn Arai May 23,
2017
County of Hawai'I Planning Department
1 101 Pauahi St. Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Subject: Puakea Ranch NOV for operating a "Guest Ranch" TMK 5-6-
001:082
Dear Mr. Yee and Mr. Arai:
We are writing in support of Puakea Ranch becoming a "Guest Ranch"
under the special use permitting in the State of Hawaii. Puakea
Ranch has once again become a very special setting in North Kohala.
The current owner, Christie Cash, has brought it back in grand style
and has restored it to a property that everyone in Kohala is proud to
have as a representation of what North Kohala was and continues to
be. I have seen the transformation of run down buildings and
overgrown fields into beautifully restored guest houses and
picturesque gardens and grounds.
The community has enjoyed sharing in the beauty of this property.
The Ranch has graciously donated its use for community events and
offered it for local weddings and graduation parties. It is now woven
into the fabric of the lives of the North Kohala people and we would
like to see that continue and expanded in the years to come. With the
generosity of the current owner and the love of the land and its
history coupled with the excitement in the community for what
opportunities lie ahead for the Ranch, it is an exciting time for itsOR
growth. We hope that you will see the wisdom behind granting the
es Special Use Permit to operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch. This
will allow the dreams of the community to take place in the form of
educational programs, therapeutic programs, historical connections,
and fun festivals and gatherings.
Thank you for your consideration of this request.
Sincerely,
Steve and Katherine Groves
I
From: Lisa Ebrahimi <ashawiturnsl@gmail.com>
Date: May 24, 2017 at 2:10:45 PM PDT
To: Christie Cash <christie@puakearanch.com>
Mr. Michael Yee & Daryn Arai
I am writing to you to inform you on my support of Puakea Ranch
Special Use Permit Request.
I am a business owner of 26 years in Hawi. I have owned two
businesses in Hawi in that 26 years. I currently own "As Hawi
Turns", a downtown clothing store with jewelry and home
accessories. I have been involved in running the Kohala Country
Fair. I have also been a creative movement teacher at Kohala
elementary school and danced hula at Kamehameha Day
Celebration.
I have known Christi Cash for over 13 years. The amount of care
Christi has put in restoring and preserving the plantation homes
at Puakea ranch is immense. She has invited many groups of
children and adults at her expense to experience and learn the
history of Puakea Ranch.
The guests that stay at the ranch directly impact my business and
the businesses around me. Almost all of her guests come to Hawi
to shop and eat and partake in activities like the zipline and ATV
tours. Our businesses are positively impacted by her guests. Our
little town needs Puakea ranch. The ranch draws many people to
our area who otherwise would not have visited Hawi or Kapaau.
Please accept and support her request for a Special Use Permit.
Thank you,
Lisa Ebrahimi
As Hawi Turns
PO Box 178
55-3412 Akoni Pule Hwy
Hawi, Hi 96719
ashawiturnsl@gmail.com
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5/23/17
To: Mr. Michael Yee & Mr. Daryn Arai
County of Hawaii Planning Department
RE: Puakea Ranch Special Use Permit
1
Sirs,
In regards to the above application for a special use permit, we fully support
the future use of Puakea Ranch to include community events and activities,
as well as self-sustaining lifestyles and education. It is a beautiful and
historic property with tremendous potential for adding local employment
opportunities and growth as well.
As a neighbor, and having attended fundraising events on the Ranch, we
can all be assured of a professional and competent approach to all aspects
of development moving forward. We are confident Christie Cash is
capable of such an endeavor.
Sincerely,
Lowell and Dana Bostrom
56-2970 Puakea Bay Drive
Hawi, HI 96719
PO BOX 778
Kapa'au, HI 96755
p
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Andrea Longpre
Susan Ince
PO Box 762
Kapa'au, HI 96755
May 22, 2017
Michael Yee
Daryn Arai
County of Hawai'i Planning Department
101 Pauahi St., Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Dear Sirs,
We are writing in support of the Guest Ranch use permit for Puakea
Ranch in North Kohala.
Since Christie Cash has owned Puakea Ranch, she has been a
dynamic part of the Kohala community. Whenever we have helped
organize fundraising silent auctions for local organizations, she has
offered stays in the vacation cottages, and these have generated
substantial and much-needed funds. To support the North Kohala
Community Resource Center and the Kohala Hospital Charitable
Foundation, she went even further in her generosity - hosting
fundraising events on the property in addition to including vacation
rentals in the auction items.
Puakea Ranch has employed local residents for the diverse tasks
needed to maintain the grounds, cottages, and animals on the ranch.
Current and past employees we know have found her to be a fair
employer who rewards their work and encourages their career
development and their input into the workings of the ranch. The
animals are cared for beautifully, and we have no doubt that she and
her staff will be capable of offering a safe and enriching guest ranch
experience.
In our small community, we are limited in the number of venues
available for classes and special events, and we would welcome the
addition of Puakea Ranch as an appropriate setting for events
highlighting Hawaiian history and sharing the talents of people in our
area.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
JPE
CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DATE:FEBRUARY 18 2020
POBOX 551751 ATTENTION: ALEX ROY
Kapa'au HI 96755
808-854-4888 TMK: 3) 5 — 6 — 001 : 082
TO: Michael Yee, Director
Planning Department
County of Hawaii
Aupuni Center, 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Subject:EA— PUAKEA GUEST RANCH
PLEASE FIND THE ATTACHED TRANSMITTED FOR REVIEW AND USE: 5=1
1
COPIES DATE PAGES DESCRIPTION
3 02/14/2020 343 ILAL EA — Puakea Guest Ranch
COMMENTS: Per your email request. attached, three hard copies of the FEA
for submission to OEQC.
Sincerely,
Planning Dept.
Jim Pe.ers PE Exhibit
JPE
1
131449'
DAVID Y.IGEil.or',rt. T.BUTAY
GOVERNOR t* l Vi i t. DIRECTOR
r' .Deputy Directors1.,,-- ,:::,(1 LYNN A.S.ARAKI-REGAN
N. DEREK J.CHOW
ROSS M.HIGASHIc. }
EDWIN H.SNIFFEN
STATE OF HAWAII IN REPLY REFER TO:
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION STP 20-103
869 PUNCHBOWL STREET STP 8.2993HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5097
August 14,2020
i-: PiFINNING DEPT
MI6 3-9 } s h
I69 020 pm2s22Mr.Michael Yee
DirectorE_C'D F='Y MAIL
Planning Department
County of Hawaii
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3
Hilo,Hawaii 96720
Dear Mr. Yee:
Subject: Special Permit Application(SPP 20-000219)
Puakea Guest Ranch
North Kohala, Hawaii
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
The Hawaii Department of Transportation(HDOT) has reviewed the subject application and
understands Puakea Ranch(dba Kupunakane Ranch LLC) is proposing to develop a Guest
Ranch which would increase accommodations from 18 to 38 guests, host group activities such as
weddings and family reunions with a 100-guest maximum, and twice per year accommodate
community events with a 350-guest maximum. The project area will be a 14.96-acre portion of
the 32.411-acre property with an access roadway intersecting Akoni Pule Highway(State Route
270)near Mile Post 18.
HDOT has the following comments:
Airports Division(HDOT-A)
1. The proposed guest ranch is approximately two miles from Upolu Airport. All new
developments within five miles from Hawaii State airports are advised to read the Q,
Technical Assistance Memorandum (TAM) for guidance with development and activities 0thatmayrequirefurtherreviewandpermits. The TAM can be viewed at this link:
http://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/docs/TAM-FAA-DOT-Airports_08-01-2016.pdf. CO
2. Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) regulation requires the submittal ofFAA Form C .12
7460-1 Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration pursuant to the Code of Federal 0 "gRegulations, Title 14,Part 77.9, ifthe construction or alteration is within 20,000 feet of a G. LLt
public use or military airport which exceeds a 100:1 surface from any point on the
runway of each airport with its longest runway more than 3,200 feet. Constructs
equipment and staging area heights, including heights of temporary construction co€f%NN o
AUG 2 5 2020
0,,.135405
Mr. Michael Yee
STP 8.2993
August 14, 2020
Page 2
must be included in the submittal. The form and criteria for submittal can be found at the
following website: https://oeaaa.faa.gov/oeaaa/external/portal.j sp.
3. The Airport Zoning Act, Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 262,requires HDOT-A to
prevent hazards and non-conforming uses that conflict with the FAA Hazardous Wildlife
Attractants requirements. HDOT-A requires that the proposed construction, landscaping
and operation of Puakea Guest Ranch does not create a hazardous wildlife attractant.
Please review the FAA Advisory Circular 150/5200-33C, Hazardous Wildlife Attractants
on Or Near Airports for guidance.
If the improvements result in a wildlife attractant, these effects shall be immediately
mitigated by the developer or owner upon notification by the HDOT-A and/or FAA.
4. The Applicant and guests at Puakea Guest Ranch should be aware ofpotential single
event noise from aircraft operations. There is also a chance for fumes, smoke,vibrations,
odors, etc.,that may result from occasional aircraft flight operations over the project
location.
Highways Division(HDOT-HWY)
HDOT-HWY previously provided comments in letter HWY-PS 2.9154 dated January 7, 2019 on
the Hawaii Revised Statutes, Chapter 343 pre-assessment consultation materials and requested a
Traffic Assessment. The HDOT-HWY subsequently reviewed the Draft Environmental
Assessment(EA), including the Traffic Assessment Report(TAR) dated January 31, 2019, and
provided comments on the Draft EA in letter HWY-PS 2.1257 dated October 9, 2019.
HDOT-HWY has reviewed the Special Permit Application and the revised TAR, dated
November 18,2019. These project materials adequately address or acknowledge previous
HDOT-HWY comments. The HDOT-HWY has the following comments on the Special Permit
Application:
1. The trip generation associated with year-round guest house operations,the occasional
private special events(100 visitors) and the semi-annual community events(350 visitors)
would not have significant adverse impacts on Akoni Pule Highway peak traffic
conditions. Most of the trips would occur outside of peak traffic hours.
2. There is potential for Puakea Guest Ranch events to adversely impact traffic safety at the
access driveway on Akoni Pule Highway. We anticipate the impact would be less than
significant due to the following mitigation measures: 1)the line of sight at the driveway
approximates 1,000 feet in both directions and the vegetation along the property line is
maintained; 2)no parking is allowed on State highways, eliminating pedestrian traffic
and impacts to line of sight; 3) shuttles and carpooling would continue to be encouraged
for private events; 4)temporary traffic control personnel would be hired, as needed; and
5)the owners propose to paint a stop line on the driveway, as a reminder that a full stop is
required before entering the intersection.
1
1 We hope that you will approve the guest ranch permit for this
important local resource. Please feel free to contact us if you have any
questions.
1 Sincerely,
1
Andrea Longpre
1 Susan Ince
808-889-6238
1
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Mr. Michael Yee
STP 8.2993
August 14, 2020
Page 3
3. We recommend the safety mitigation listed above and the following actions identified in
the application be included as conditions to the Special Permit:
a. If unanticipated safety impacts attributable to the site operations are identified,the
owners will mitigate the impact to the satisfaction of the HDOT-HWY,Hawaii
District Engineer.
b. The owner will consult with the HDOT-HWY, Hawaii District Engineer prior to
increasing the site's trip generation to determine the need for driveway
improvements to meet current State roadway design standards.
If there are any questions, please contact Mr. Blayne Nikaido of the HDOT Statewide
Transportation Planning Office at (808) 831-7979 or via email at blayne.h.nikaido@hawaii.gov.
Sincerely
It/x
JADE T. BUTAY
Director of Transportation
lRt;'y 1959e1
1Alt41-4 z' DANIEL E.ORODENKER
DAVID Y.iGE ac: _^' Executive Officer
Governor
LAND USE COMMISSION
Department of Business,Economic Development&Tourism
State of Hawaii
August 12,2020
Mr.Michael Yee,Director
Planning Department
County of Hawaii
101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3
Hilo,Hawai'i 96720
Dear Mr. Yee:
Subject: Special Permit Application(SPP 20-000219)
Puakea Ranch.DBA:Kupunakane Ranch LLC
To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch Offering Activities and Events to
Guests and the Local Community
Tax Map Key: (3)5-6-001: 082
We are in receipt of your memorandum dated July 23, 2020, forwarding the subject
application.
Based on our review of the application, we understand that the Applicant proposes to
establish a guest ranch on the 32.411-acre subject parcel that will offer activities,
opportunities, and events to guests, local schools, and local community members. Included
in the list of proposed activities are marriages,birthday parties, anniversary celebrations,
and farm to fork events. Private events for non-guests will also be hosted at the guest ranch.
Horseback riding, self-guided ranch tours,equine therapy, and cooking, art, and yoga
classes are some of the activities that will be available. The area proposed for the use will
consist of a 14.9-acre portion of the subject parcel. The remaining area will continue to be
used as grazing pastures, orchards, animal corrals, and open space.
Q
We further understand that the guest ranch will be able to accommodate as many as 38 L1 4.
visitors in the seven rental units and the event area. Events with more than 38 guests will be al
limited to Friday,Saturday, and Sunday, and operate during the hours of 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 •_C w.
p.m. (Sunday to Thursday) and 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Friday and Saturday). The C -Q
c
maximum number of persons on the site at any given time for guest events will be limited to 0 X100outsideguests. However, the Applicant desires to host up to two community events u
annually that will allow up to 350 guests. Event hours for these events will be limited to
9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. (Sunday) and 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. (Friday and Saturday).
SCAN235SOUTHBERETANTASTREEToSUITE406eHONOLULU,HAWAI'i 96813 sp TEt.:(808)587-3822 FAX:(8 )587-3827
EMAIL:dbedt.luc.webehawaii.gov AUG 18 2021MAILINGADDRESS:P.O.Box 2359,Honolulu,Hawaii 96804 1, 5 2 5 7
Mr. Michael Yee, Director
August 12, 2020
Page 2
The guest ranch will also include port-a-potties and a certified kitchen for catering and
utilize the existing swimming pool and poolside pavilion.
Based on this understanding,we have the following comments:
1) We confirm that the subject parcel is designated within the State Land Use
Agricultural District.
2) According to the application, four individuals were contacted and interviewed for
the Cultural Impact Assessment("CIA"). Based on the findings of the CIA,it was
determined that"[n]o traditional cultural properties or practices were identified
within the project area during this study" and that"[t]raditional cultural practices
and properties may be present in Puakea Ahupua'a,but the proposed use of the
ranch should not interfere or have a negative impact upon them." Given that there
is the possibility of traditional cultural practices and properties on the site,we
believe that it is important to cast as wide a net as possible in assessing all valued
cultural, historical, and natural resources, including customary and traditional rights
of Native Hawaiians, that may exist on the site. Although we note that the Office of
Hawaiian Affairs and members of the North Kohala community were contacted,
clarification should be provided as to whether the Applicant also contacted members
of the Aha Moku Advisory Committee as part of the CIA. If not, we believe that
such contact should be initiated to determine whether there are, in fact, additional
members of the community with specific knowledge of the cultural resources in the
area that should be consulted.
3) We note that while the CIA focused specifically on the 14.9-acre application area, the
archaeological inventory survey ("AIS") involved only the 2.14 acres that will be
subject to ground disturbance. We question whether this is sufficient considering
the historic nature of the existing ranch buildings and surroundings. Given the long
history of the site as a working ranch, there may be subsurface artifacts within the
other portions of the application area that may be inadvertently disturbed during the
planned activities at the guest ranch. Without a comprehensive survey of this
additional area, we do not believe that the AIS meets the three-prong test regarding
valued cultural, historical, or natural resources set forth in the Hawai'i Supreme
Court's Ka Pa'akai 0 Ka 'Aina v. Land Use Commission decision. Commensurate with
the CIA, a revised AIS should be prepared to address, at a minimum, the entire 14.9
acres.
4) As noted in the application,the proposed uses at the guest ranch has the potential to
generate some level of noise. The application itself admits that "[e]xcessive noise for
past events has been cited by some neighbors as a concern." Given the scope and
magnitude of the planned gatherings, we believe that the discussion in the
Mr.Michael Yee,Director
August 12,2020
Page 3
application of noise impacts is inadequate. We believe that a formal noise
assessment should be prepared by a licensed professional acoustical engineer to
determine whether the assumptions made regarding the noise impacts are accurate
and whether the proposed mitigation measure of landscape plantings will be
effective.
5) While we are cognizant of the division of authority that exists between the Land Use
Commission("LUC") and the counties with respect to processing special permits
involving land areas 15 acres or less, we have strong concerns about the way in
which the acreage of this application area has been artificially separated from the
rest of the subject parcel, The delineation of the 14.96-acre site to just under the 15-
acre statutory threshold for consideration of special permits by the LUC leads us to
believe that it is being done deliberately to circumvent the comprehensive review of
the project by the LUC.
We question whether the horseback riding and self-guided tours, among other
activities, will be limited solely to the 14.9 acres. There is no indication that the
remaining area of the subject parcel will be fenced off, or otherwise be inaccelsible to
guests and non-guests alike during their stay at the guest ranch. In fact, as noted in
the application, this remaining area contains the animal corrals that will presurlably
house the horses that will be used for horseback riding and equine therapy as part of
the guest ranch's activities. Until it is demonstrated otherwise, we believe that the
remaining area constitutes an integral part of the guest ranch's open space,non-
concrete environment concept promoted by the Applicant, and therefore should be
included under the application and subject to LUC approval.
We have no further comments to offer at this time. We appreciate the opportunity to
comment on the subject application.
Should you have any questions or require further clarification, please call our office at 587-
3822.
Sincerely,
Daniel E. Orodenker
Executive Officer
CAH ANNING DEPT
RUG -x420 0 p 'n =._
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS EC`DMB FFtg
COUNTY OF HAWAII
H I LO, HAWAII
DATE: August 13, 2020
Nelittneifidallt
TO: Michael Yee, Planning Director
FROM: Department of Public Works, Engineering Division V-
SUBJECT: Special Permit Application (SPP-20-000219)
Applicant: Puakea Ranch DBA: Kupunakane Ranch LLC
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch Offering
Activities and Events to Guests and the Local Community
TMK: 3) 5-6-001:082
We have reviewed the subject request forwarded by your memo dated July 23, 2020 and
provide the following:
The subject parcel is in an area designated as Zone X on the Flood Insurance Rate Map
FIRM) by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Zone X is an area
determined to be outside the 500-year floodplain.
All development-generated runoff shall be disposed of on site and not directed toward
any adjacent properties. A drainage plan may be required by the Plan Approval process
in accordance with Section 25-2-72(3) of the Hawaii County Code.
Construction activities shall comply with the requirements of HCC, Chapter 10, Erosion
and Sedimentary Control.
Should there be any questions concerning this matter, please feel free to contact Kyle
Honda of our Kona Engineering Division office at 323-4854.
KH Planning Dept,
Copy: ENG-HILO/KONA Exhil l,,.,.5...•••
SCANNED
AUG 172020
uty1 :15244
County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer
3n a P FINNINGINGDEPT
AUG 3 2020 f:1H :55
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS - TRAFFIC DIVISIOIIkYcS ppinDE1 P-FR
COUNTY OF HAWAII
PLAN REVIEW COMMENT SHEET
Memorandum No. 2020 - 1131 Date Received: 7/28/2020
To: Michael Yee - Planning Director Date Transmitted: 7/31/2020
From: Traffic Division
Subdivision/Project: Puakea Ranch DBA: Kupunakane Ranch LLC (SPC 20-000219)
Subdivision/Project No: TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082
SIGNS/MARKINGS:
d 1. R. Mangaoang Review Date: 7/29/2020 Initial:
No Review See Attached Comments Comments on Plan/Sketch
Other Comments No Comments
2. K. Pacheco Review Date:7/30/2020 Initial:
No Review See Attached Comments Comments on Plan/Sketch
Other Comments No Comments
Recommend; condition of permit owner to install street light at driveway entrance along Hwy 270 for
safety
STREET LIGHTS/TRAFFIC SIGNALS:
3. M.Tebbakh Review Date: Initial:
No Review See Attached Comments Comments on Plan/Sketch
Other Comments No Comments
4. K.Higaki/D. Calicdan Review Date: Initial:
No Review See Attached Comments Comments on Plan/Sketch
Other Comments No Comments
E 5. J. Patao/J. Peters Review Date: Initial:
No Review See Attached Comments Comments on Plan/Sketch
Other Comments No Comments
ADMINISTRATION:
J 6. A.Takaba Review Date: 7/31/2020 Initial:
No Review See Attached Comments Comments on Plan/Sketch
Other Comments El No Comments SCANNEDPlanningDant_ SCANNED
Exhibit GAUG 0 4 7020
Now '.Harry Kim William A. Kucharski
Mayor S f/;. Director
Roy Takemoto kl4. f 0$• Diane A. Noda
Managing Director Deputy Director
County of Hawaii
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
345 Kekuanao`a Street,Suite 41 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720
Ph: (808)961-8083 • Fax:(808)961-8086
Email: cohdem@hawaiicounty.gov zc:; Pi FINNING DEPT
MEMORANDUM FOG IA 2020 p 2:07
RPTD ` IND D'ELI.' RED
TO:Michael Yee, Director
Planning Department
FROM: William A. Kucharski, Director
Environmental Management en
DATE: August 14, 2020
SUBJECT:Special Permit Application (SPP 20-000219)
Applicant: Puakea Ranch dba Kupunakane Ranch LLC
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch Offering
Activities and Events to Guests and the Local Community
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
The Solid Waste Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following
comments and/or recommendations (contact the Solid Waste Division for details):
No comments.
X ) Commercial operations, State and Federal agencies, religious entities and non-profit
organization may not use transfer stations for disposal.
X ) Aggregates and any other construction/demolition waste should be responsibly
reused to its fullest extent.
X ) Ample and equal room should be provided for rubbish and recycling.
X ) Green waste may be transported to the green waste sites located at the West Hawai'i
Organics Facility and East Hawai'i Organics Facility, or other suitable diversion
programs.
X ) Construction and demolition waste is prohibited at all County Transfer Stations.
X ) Submit Solid Waste Management Plan in accordance with attached guidelines.
Existing Solid Waste Management Paan is to be followed. Provide update to the
department on current status.
Other: a 'C
CL W
SCANNED
County of Hawai'i is an EquA Opportunity Provider and Employer AUG 1 7 2070
py) i5245
Mr. Michael Yee, Director
August 14, 2020
Page 2
The Wastewater Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following
comments and/or recommendations (contact the Wastewater Division for details):
X ) No comments.
Require connection of existing and/or proposed structures to the public sewer in
accordance with Section 21-5 of the Hawaii County Code.
Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21-
26.1 of the Hawai'i County Code. Complete Sewer Extension Application.
Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in
accordance with Section 23-85 of the Hawai'i County Code.
Check or line out as applicable: [ ] If required by the Director of the Department of
Environmental Management ("Director of DEM"), [ ] applicant shall conduct a sewer
study in accordance with the then applicable wastewater system design standards prior
to approval to connect to the County sewer system. Applicant shall provide such sewer
line or other facility improvements as the Director of DEM may reasonably require,
which the sewer study may indicate are advisable for mitigation of impacts of the
proposed project. Contact Wastewater Division Chief for details.
Other:
WK:mef
Enclosure: Solid Waste Management Plan Guidelines
a.;.,:,...,.,.„..,;,.....
Harry Kim 1 Wt•+ .1•; i. William A.Kucharski
Mayor 4• +.?ilS- i p Director
Wilfred M.Okabe r•••It''' Diane A.Noda
Managing Director Deputy Director
Guntv of ciintuail
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
345 Kekuan6o`a Street,Suite 41 • Hilo,Hawaii 96720
808)961-8083 • Fax(808)961-8086
help;J/wWw hawaiicounty.gav/environmental-management(
January 30, 2017
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Guidelines
INTENT AND PURPOSE
This is to establish guidelines for reviewing Solid Waste Management Plans, for which special
conditions are placed on developments. The Solid Waste Management Plan will be used to: (1)
promote and implement recycling and recycling programs, (2) predict the waste generated by
the proposed development to anticipate the loading on County Solid Waste Management
Facilities, and (3) predict the additional vehicular traffic being generated because of waste and
recycling transfers. A qualified consultant shall prepare a suitable Solid Waste Management
Plan for review by the Department of Environmental Management.
REPORT
The Solid Waste Management Plan will contain the following:
1. Description of the project and the potential waste it may be generating: i.e. analysis of
anticipated waste volume and composition. This includes waste generated during the
construction and operational or maintenance phases. Waste types shall include (but not be
limited to):
A. Organics (including food waste and green wastes);
B. Construction and Demolition;
C. Paper(including cardboard);
D. Metal (including ferrous and non-ferrous metals);
E. Plastic;
F. Special (including ash, sludge, treated medical, bulky items, tires);
G. Household Hazardous (including paint, vehicle fluids, oil, batteries); and
H. Glass.
2. Indicate onsite source separation facilities by waste type; i.e. source separation bins of
glass, metal, plastic, cardboard, aluminum, etc. Provide ample and equal space for
rubbish and recycling.
3. Identification and location of the proposed waste reduction, waste re-use, recycling
facility or disposal site and associated transportation methods for the various
components of the development's waste management system, including the number of
County of l iawai'i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer.
Solid Waste Management Plan Guidelines
Page 2 of 2
vehicle movements and associated routes that will be used to transport the waste and
recycled materials.
4. The report will include identification of any impacts to County-operated waste
management facilities, and the appropriate mitigation measures that will be implemented
by the development to minimize these impacts.
5. Analysis will be based on the highest potential use or zoning of the development.
REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS
1. A Solid Waste Management Plan will be prepared for all commercial developments, as
defined under the policies of the Department of Environmental Management, Solid
Waste Division.
2. The Department of Environmental Management will require the developer to provide or
resolve all recommendations and mitigation measures as outlined in the solid waste
management plan; besides any conditions placed on the applicant herein.
3. A State of Hawai'i licensed engineer will draft and certify in writing the Solid Waste
Management Plan as complying with applicable Federal, State and County of Hawai'i
Solid Waste Laws, Regulations, and Administrative Rules.
Should you require additional information, please contact Greg Goodale, Solid Waste
Division Chief, at (808) 961-8515.
CONCUR: /
William A. Kucharski
DIRECTOR
County of Hawaii is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer.
OUST 3-3-1
H-WIG ..
August 18, 2020
Mr. Michael Yee
Planning Director
Planning Department
County of Hawai'i
101 Pauahi Street Suite 3
Hilo, HI 96720
Gentlemen:
Subject: Special Permit Application (SPP 20-000219)
Puakea Ranch DBA: Kupunakane Ranch LLC
Hawi, North Kohala, Hawaii Island, Hawaii
Tax Map Key: 3-5-6-001:082
Thank you for the opportunity to comment on the subject's Special Permit Application. Hawaiian
Electric will be able to provide electrical service to the proposed "Guest Ranch" in North Kohala. A
detailed analysis will be performed after the receipt of the consultant's detailed design drawings
and estimated load. The following is a summary of our comments:
1. Generation capacity—As of January 2020, Hawaiian Electric's current system peak
load is 192.1 MW and our total generation system capability is 242.2MW. Our firm
generating reserve margin is 26.1% and may have adequate generation to serve the
above.
2. Electrical Substation -The area is served by our existing Hawi Substation and 12,470
and 4,160 volts overhead distribution along Akoni Pule Highway. The capacity of our
existing substation should be adequate to serve the new load.
3. Off-Site Electrical Distribution System —The existing off-site 12,470 and 4,160 volts
distribution system along Akoni Pule Highway should be adequate to serve the
proposed request.
4. On-Site Electrical Distribution System —On-site distribution line extensions,
upgrades and easements may be required on the developer's property to serve the
anticipated load.
KR
5. New Utility Commercial Electrical Meter—A service request shall be open with 0t.
Hawaiian Electric and a commercial meter installed to serve the proposed request. D
CO
After the development's detailed loading and civil plans are submitted, Hawaiian Electric will m
prepare a firm cost to provide electrical power to this development. C
C _Q
C ..0
K
WHawaiianElectric74-5519 KAIWI STREET, KAILUA-KONA, HI 96740 "
County of Hawai'i
Page 2
August 18, 2020
Hawaiian Electric recommends energy efficient and conservation measures to reduce the
maximum electrical demand and energy consumption. The developer may call Hawaiian
Electric's Customer Field Services division at (808) 935-1171 for questions or details on
available programs.
It is encouraged that the developer's electrical consultant open a service request with Hawaiian
Electric Engineering division as soon as practicable to ensure timely electrical facility
installation. If you have any questions, please email me at
shelley.doctor@hawaiianelectric.com.
Sincerely,
Shelley Dot or
Designer III
T&D Engineering
email: W. Sibayton
Hawaiian Electric 74-5519 KAIWI STREET, KAILUA-KONA, HI 96740
Harry Kim Darren J. Rosario
Mayor Fire Chief
ie
Robert R.K.PerreiraRoyTakemoto4;.;;i.r Deputy Fire ChiefManagingDirectorh ripp•N'
County of Ti9Etivail
HAWAII FIRE DEPARTMENT
25 Aupuni Street•Suite 2501•Hilo,Hanai`i 96720
808)932-2900•Fax(808)932-2928
August 25,2020
TO: MICHAEL YEE,PLANNING DIRECTOR
FROM:DARREN J. ROSARIO,FIRE CHIEF
SUBJECT: Application: Special Permit Application(SPP-20-000219)
Applicant: Puakea Ranch DBA: Kupunakane Ranch LLC
Request:To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch Offering Activities
and Events to Guests and the Local Community
Tax Map Key: (3)5-6:001:082
In regards to the above-mentioned application request,the following shall be in accordance:
NFPA 1, UNIFORM FIRE CODE, 2006 EDITION
Note: Hairai'I State Fire Code, National Fire Protection Association 2006 version, with ('oiintr
ofHali'ai'I amendments. County amendments are identified with ca preceding "C-" of the
reference code.
Chapter 18 Fire Department Access and Water Supply
18.1 General. Fire department access and water supplies shall comply with this chapter.
For occupancies of an especially hazardous nature, or where special hazards exist in addition to
the normal hazard of the occupancy, or where access for fire apparatus is unduly difficult, or
areas where there is an inadequate fire flow, or inadequate fire hydrant spacing, and the AHJ
may require additional safeguards including,but not limited to, additional fire appliance units,
more than one type of appliance, or special systems suitable for the protection of the hazard
involved.
18.1.1 Plans.
18.1.1.1 Fire Apparatus Access. Plans for fire apparatus access roads shall be submitted to the
fire department for review and approval prior to construction.
Panning Dept. A„
Exhibit 9
t;,
Harrel County is an Egnul Opportunity Provider and Employer.
Michael Yee,Planning Director
August 25,2020
Page 2
18.1.1.2 Fire Hydrant Systems. Plans and specifications for fire hydrant systems shall be
submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction.
C— 18.1.1.2.1 Fire Hydrant use and Restrictions. No unauthorized person shall use or operate
any Fire hydrant unless such person first secures permission or a permit from the owner or
representative of the department,or company that owns or governs that water supply or system.
Exception: Fire Department personnel conducting firefighting operations, hydrant testing, and/or
maintenance, and the flushing and acceptance of hydrants witnessed by Fire Prevention Bureau
personnel.
18.2 Fire Department Access.
18.2.1 Fire department access and fire department access roads shall be provided and maintained
in accordance with Section 18.2.
18.2.2*Access to Structures or Areas.
18.2.2.1 Access Box(es). The AHJ shall have the authority to require an access box(es)to be
installed in an accessible location where access to or within a structure or area is difficult
because of security.
18.2.2.2 Access to Gated Subdivisions or Developments. The AHJ shall have the authority to
require fire department access be provided to gated subdivisions or developments through the
use of an approved device or system.
18.2.2.3 Access Maintenance. The owner or occupant of a structure or area,with required fire
department access as specified in 18.2.2.1 or 18.2.2.2, shall notify the AHJ when the access is
modified in a manner that could prevent fire department access.
18.2.3 Fire Department Access Roads. (*may be referred as FDAR)
18.2.3.1 Required Access.
18.2.3.1.1 Approved fire department access roads shall be provided for every facility, building,
or portion of a building hereafter constructed or relocated.
18.2.3.1.2 Fire Department access roads shall consist of roadways, fire lanes, parking lots lanes,
or a combination thereof.
18.2.3.1.3* When not more than two one- and two-family dwellings or private garages, carports,
sheds, agricultural buildings, and detached buildings or structures 400ft2 (37 m2)or less are
present, the requirements of 18.2.3.1 through 18.2.3.2.1 shall be permitted to be modified by the
AHJ.
Michael Yee,Planning Director
August 25,2020
Page 3
18.2.3.1.4 When fire department access roads cannot be installed due to location on property,
topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades, or other similar conditions, the AHJ shall be
authorized to require additional fire protection features.
18.2.3.2 Access to Building.
18.2.3.2.1 A fire department access road shall extend to within in 50 ft(15 m) of at least one
exterior door that can be opened from the outside that provides access to the interior of the
building. Exception: 1 and 2 single-family dwellings.
18.2.3.2.1.1 When buildings are protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler
system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13, NFPA 13D, or NFPA 13R, the distance in
18.2.3.2.1 shall be permitted to be increased to 300 feet.
18.2.3.2.2 Fire department access roads shall be provided such that any portion of the facility or
any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of the building is located not more than 150 ft
46 m) from fire department access roads as measured by an approved route around the exterior
of the building or facility.
18.2.3.2.2.1 When buildings are protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler
system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13, NFPA 13D, or NFPA 13R, the distance in
18.2.3.2.2 shall be permitted to be increased to 450 ft (137 m).
18.2.3.3 Multiple Access Roads. More than one fire department access road shall be provided
when it is determined by the AHJ that access by a single road could be impaired by vehicle
congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions, or other factors that could limit access.
18.2.3.4 Specifications.
18.2.3.4.1 Dimensions.
C— 18.2.3.4.1.1 FDAR shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20ft with an approved
turn around area if the FDAR exceeds 150 feet. Exception: FDAR for one and two family
dwellings shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 15 feet, with an area of not less than
20 feet wide within 150 feet of the structure being protected. An approved turn around area shall
be provided if the FDAR exceeds 250 feet.
C— 18.2.3.4.1.2 FDAR shall have an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less then 13ft 6 in.
C- 18.2.3.4.1.2.1 Vertical clearances may be increased or reduced by the AHJ, provided such
increase or reduction does not impair access by the fire apparatus, and approved signs are
installed and maintained indicating such approved changes.
Michael Yee, Planning Director
August 25,2020
Page 4
18.2.3.4.1.2.2 Vertical clearances shall be increased when vertical clearances or widths are not
adequate to accommodate fire apparatus.
C 18.2.3.4.2 Surface. Fire department access roads and bridges shall be designed and
maintained to support the imposed loads(25 Tons) of the fire apparatus. Such FDAR and shall
be comprised of an all-weather driving surface.
18.2.3.4.3 Turning Radius.
C— 18.2.3.4.3.1 Fire department access roads shall have a minimum inside turning radius of 30
feet, and a minimum outside turning radius of 60 feet.
18.2.3.4.3.2 Turns in fire department access road shall maintain the minimum road width.
18.2.3.4.4 Dead Ends. Dead-end fire department access roads in excess of 150 ft(46 m) in
length shall be provided with approved provisions for the fire apparatus to turn around.
18.2.3.4.5 Bridges.
18.2.3.4.5.1 When a bridge is required to be used as part of a fire department access road, it shall
be constructed and maintained in accordance with county requirements.
18.2.3.4.5.2 The bridge shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of
fire apparatus.
18.2.3.4.5.3 Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges where required by
the AHJ.
18.2.3.4.6 Grade.
C— 18.2.3.4.6.1The maximum gradient of a Fire department access road shall not exceed 12
percent for unpaved surfaces and 15 percent for paved surfaces. In areas of the FDAR where a
Fire apparatus would connect to a Fire hydrant or Fire Department Connection, the maximum
gradient of such area(s) shall not exceed 10 percent.
18.2.3.4.6.2* The angle of approach and departure for any means of fire department access road
shall not exceed 1 ft drop in 20 ft(0.3 m drop in 6 m) or the design limitations of the fire
apparatus of the fire department,and shall be subject to approval by the AHJ.
18.2.3.4.6.3 Fire department access roads connecting to roadways shall be provided with curb
cuts extending at least 2 ft (0.61 m)beyond each edge of the fire lane.
Michael Yee, Planning Director
August 25,2020
Page 5
18.2.3.4.7 Traffic Calming Devices. The design and use of traffic calming devices shall be
approved the AHJ.
18.2.3.5 Marking of Fire Apparatus Access Road.
18.2.3.5.1 Where required by the AHJ, approved signs or other approved notices shall be
provided and maintained to identify fire department access roads or to prohibit the obstruction
thereof of both.
18.2.3.5.2 A marked fire apparatus access road shall also be known as a fire lane.
18.2.4* Obstruction and Control of Fire Department Access Road.
18.2.4.1 General.
18.2.4.1.1 The required width of a fire department access road shall not be obstructed in any
manner, including by the parking of vehicles.
18.2.4.1.2 Minimum required widths and clearances established under 18.2.3.4 shall be
maintained at all times.
18.2.4.1.3* Facilities and structures shall be maintained in a manner that does not impair or
impede accessibility for fire department operations.
18.2.4.1.4 Entrances to fire departments access roads that have been closed with gates and
barriers in accordance with 18.2.4.2.1 shall not be obstructed by parked vehicles.
18.2.4.2 Closure of Accessways.
18.2.4.2.1 The AHJ shall be authorized to require the installation and maintenance of gates or
other approved barricades across roads, trails, or other accessways not including public streets,
alleys, or highways.
18.2.4.2.2 Where required, gates and barricades shall be secured in an approved manner.
18.2.4.2.3 Roads,trails, and other access ways that have been closed and obstructed in the
manner prescribed by 18.2.4.2.1 shall not be trespassed upon or used unless authorized by the
owner and the AHJ.
18.2.4.2.4 Public officers acting within their scope of duty shall be permitted to access restricted
property identified in 18.2.4.2.1.
Michael Yee, Planning Director
August 25,2020
Page 6
18.2.4.2.5 Locks, gates, doors,barricades, chains, enclosures, signs, tags,or seals that have been
installed by the fire department or by its order or under its control shall not be removed,
unlocked, destroyed, tampered with, or otherwise vandalized in any manner.
18.3 Water Supplies and Fire Hydrants
18.3.1* A water supply approved by the county, capable of supplying the required fire flow for
fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which facilities or buildings, or portions
thereof, are hereafter constructed, or moved into or within the county. When any portion of the
facility or building is in excess of 150 feet(45 720 mm) from a water supply on a fire apparatus
access road, as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the facility or building, on-
site fire hydrants and mains capable of supplying the required fire flow shall be provided when
required by the AHJ. For on-site fire hydrant requirements see section 18.3.3.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. When facilities or buildings, or portions thereof, are completely protected with an
approved automatic fire sprinkler system the provisions of section 18.3.1 may be
modified by the AHJ.
2. When water supply requirements cannot be installed due to topography or other
conditions, the AHJ may require additional fire protection as specified in section 18.3.2
as amended in the code.
3. When there are not more than two dwellings, or two private garage, carports, sheds and
agricultural. Occupancies, the requirements of section 18.3.1 may be modified by AHJ.
18.3.2* Where no adequate or reliable water distribution system exists, approved reservoirs,
pressure tanks, elevated tanks, fire department tanker shuttles, or other approved systems capable
of providing the required fire flow shall be permitted.
18.3.3* The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of
delivering the required fire flow shall be provided on a fire apparatus access road on the site of
the premises or both, in accordance with the appropriate county water requirements.
18.3.4 Fire Hydrants and connections to other approved water supplies shall be accessible to the
fire department.
18.33 Private water supply systems shall be tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25
or county requirements as determined by the AHJ.
18.3.6 Where required by the AHJ, fire hydrants subject to vehicular damage shall be protected
unless located within a public right of way.
Michael Yee,Planning Director
August 25,2020
Page 7
18.3.7 The AHJ shall be notified whenever any fire hydrant is placed out of service or returned
to service. Owners of private property required to have hydrants shall maintain hydrant records
of approval, testing, and maintenance, in accordance with the respective county water
requirements. Records shall be made available for review by the AHJ upon request.
C- 18.3.8 Minimum water supply for buildings that do not meet the minimum County water
standards:
Buildings up to 2000 square feet, shall have a minimum of 3,000 gallons of water available for
Firefighting.
Buildings 2001- 3000 square feet, shall have a minimum of 6,000 gallons of water available for
Firefighting.
Buildings, 3001- 6000 square feet, shall have a minimum of 12,000 gallons of water available for
Firefighting.
Buildings, greater than 6000 square feet, shall meet the minimum County water and fire flow
requirements.
Multiple story buildings shall multiply the square feet by the amount of stories when determining
the minimum water supply.
Commercial buildings requiring a minimum fire flow of 2000gpm per the Department of Water
standards shall double the minimum water supply reserved for firefighting.
Fire Department Connections (FDC) to alternative water supplies shall comply with 18.3.8 (1)-
6)of this code.
NOTE: In that water catchment systems are being used as a means of water supply for
firefighting, such systems shall meet the following requirements:
1) In that a single water tank is used for both domestic and firefighting water, the water for
domestic use shall not be capable of being drawn from the water reserved for firefighting;
2) Minimum pipe diameter sizes from the water supply to the Fire Department Connection
FDC) shall be as follows:
a) 4"for C900 PVC pipe;
b) 4" for C906 PE pipe;
c) 3" for ductile Iron;
d) 3' for galvanized steel.
Michael Yee,Planning Director
August 25,2020
Page 8
3) The Fire Department Connection(FDC) shall:
a) be made of galvanized steel;
b) have a gated valve with 2-1/2 inch, National Standard Thread male fitting and cap;
c) be located between 8 ft and 16 ft from the Fire department access. The location shall be
approved by the AHJ;
d) not be located less than 24 inches, and no higher than 36 inches from finish grade, as
measured from the center of the FDC orifice;
e) be secure and capable of withstanding drafting operations. Engineered stamped plans
may be required;
f) not be located more than 150 feet of the most remote part, but not less than 20 feet,of the
structure being protected;
g) also comply with section 13.1.3 and 18.2.3.4.6.1 of this code.
4) Commercial buildings requiring a fire flow of 2000gpm shall be provided with a second
FDC. Each FDC shall be independent of each other, with each FDC being capable of flowing
500gpm by engineered design standards. The second FDC shall be located in an area
approved by the AHJ with the idea of multiple Fire apparatus'conducting drafting operations
at once, in mind.
5) Inspection and maintenance shall be in accordance to NFPA 25.
6) The owner or lessee of the property shall be responsible for maintaining the water level,
quality, and appurtenances of the system.
EXCEPTIONS TO SECTION 18.3.8:
1) Agricultural buildings, storage sheds, and shade houses with no combustible or equipment
storage.
2) Buildings less than 800 square feet in size that meets the minimum Fire Department Access
Road requirements.
3) For one and two family dwellings, agricultural buildings, storage sheds, and detached
garages 800 to 2000 square feet in size, and meets the minimum Fire Department Access
Road requirements, the distance to the Fire Department Connection may be increased to 1000
feet.
4) For one and two family dwellings, agricultural buildings, and storage sheds greater than
2000square feet, but less than 3000 square feet and meets the minimum Fire Department
Access Road requirements,the distance to the Fire Department Connection may be increased
to 500 feet.
Michael Yee,Planning Director
August 25,2020
Page 9
5) For buildings with an approved automatic sprinkler system, the minimum water supply
required may be modified.
If there are any questions regarding these requirements, please contact Deputy Fire Chief Robert
Perreira at(808) 932-2902.
DARREN J. ROSARIO
Fire Chief
RP:nac
OQ WATO4GAArl.
ar
U 4
a
DEPARTMENT OF WATER SUPPLY • COUNTY OF HAWAII
3,1.0 W_
is-345 KEKUANAO'ASTREET, SUITE 20 • HILO, HAWAII 96720
TELEPHONE(808)961-8050 • FAX(808)961-8657
August 26, 2020
CON PLANNING DEPT
AUG 28 2020 c 4Ii:57
TO: Mr. Michael Yee, Director
Planning Department
FROM: Keith K. Okamoto, Manager-Chief Engineer
SUBJECT: Special Permit Application (SPP 20-000219)
Puakea Ranch DBA: Kupunakane Ranch LLC
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch Offering Activities and
Events to Guests and the Local Community
Tax Map Key 5-6-001:082
We have reviewed the subject request and have the following comments and conditions.
Please be informed that the subject parcel is served by an existing master meter which also provides 1
service to eight(8) other parcels. The master meter is allowed an average usage of 3,600 gallons per
day or 400 gallons per day for each parcel (adequate for only one (1) single-family dwelling/parcel).
The Department will note that the average daily water consumption through the existing master meter,
over the past 2-year period, is approximately 6,022 gallons per day. This consumption is 1.7 times the
average daily allotment of water.
As the current water usage is already exceeding the capacity of the existing meter and due to the
additional water demand that will be generated by the applicant's requested increased activities, the
Department recommends that the applicant and/or customers consult with a professional engineer to
determine means to reduce the amount of potable water usage on the parcels served by the master Q. 'meter. 0 C
The applicant has indicated that they will utilize private rainwater catchment systems for any
additional water demand. We have no objection to the use of rainwater catchment systems; however. ,•_
we cannot approve or comment as to the adequacy of those systems as they do not meet the C
requirements of the Department's Water System Standards. a •—
X
c WWerecommendthattheowner(s) consult with the County of Hawai`i. Planning Department. the
County of Hawai`i, Department of Public Works, and/or the State of Hawai`i, Department of Health. to
determine any other guidelines,recommendations, or regulations regarding the use of rainwater
catchment systems.
SCANNED
Water, Our ,tost Precious Resource. . . Ka WaiA ?bane . . s p 0 1 2020
The Department of Water Supply is an Equal Opportunity provider and employer 55 '77
Mr. Michael Yee, Director
Page 2
August 26, 2020
Should there be any questions, please contact Mr. Ryan Quitoriano of our Water Resources and
Planning Branch at 961-8070, extension 256.
Sincerely yours,
VAIM444016)
Keith K. Okamoto, P.E.
Manager-Chief Engineer
RQ:dfg
copy — Kupunakane Ranch LLC
Harry Kim Ike; Paul K.Ferreira
Mayor Police Chief
11 r_+ss',
v.r•o•H',:i'Kenneth Bugado,Jr.
Deputy Police Chief
County of Hawai'i
POLICE DEPARTMENT
349 Kapi'olani Street • Hilo,Hawai'i 96720-3998 CM PLANNING DEPT
AUGUST 14, 2020
808)935-3311 • Fax(808)961-2389 AUG 10 2020 AH 10:19
REC'D HAND DELIVERED
TO MICHAEL YEE, PLANNING DIRECTOR
G,/
FROM : ROBERT WAGN R ASSISTANT CHIEF, AREA II OPERATIONS
SUBJECT : SPECIAL PERMIT APPLICATION (SPP 20-000219)
APPLICANT: PUAKEA RANCH DBA: KUPUNAKANE RANCH LLC
REQUEST: TO OPERATE PUAKUA RANCH AS A GUEST RANCH OFFERING
ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS TO GUESTS AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY
TAX MAP KEY: (3) 5-6-001:082
This is in response to your Memorandum dated July 23, 2020 regarding the above-referenced
Special Permit Application by Puakea Ranch DBA: Kupanakane Ranch LLC.
Staff has reviewed the application and has no comments or objections to offer at this time.
Should you have any questions or concerns, please contact Captain Jeremie Evangelista,
Commander of the North Kohala District, at (808) 889-6540.
JCE/jaj
20HQ0604
PEarring Dept.
Exhibit it
SCANNED
AUG 2 4 MU
Hawai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer"5
SUZANNE D.CASE
AVM Y!GE ae•.'#1CRASRFERSON
AMR FHAWAI BOARD OF LANDAND NATURAL RESOURCES
COMMISSION DNWATER RESOURCE
e t SIANAOEMENT
aye+ro
STATE OF HAWAII 1010 -1 P 12: 52
jr.,,;,,,,,,,?DEP kRTJ1E\T OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES
LAND DIVISION RECEIVED
POST OFFICE flUX 621 LAND DIAVuIStAjON
HONOLULU,HAWAII 96809 it 0 t1nM
August 7, 2020
MEMORANDUM
TO: DLNR Agencies:
Div. of Aquatic Resources (kendall.l.tucker(ahawaii.gov)
Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation (richard.t.howard@ahawaii.o,o )
X Engineering Division (DLNR.ENGRahawaii.gov)
X Div. of Forestry &Wildlife(rubyrosa.t.terrago@hawaii.gov)
Div. of State Parks (curt.a.cottrell .hawaii.gov)
X Commission on Water Resource Management(DLNR.CWRM(ahawaii.gov)
Office of Conservation & Coastal Lands(sharleen.k.kubaithawaii.gov)
X Land Division—Hawaii District(gordon.c.heihawaii.gov)
X Historic Preservation (DLNR,Intake SHPDcahawaii'.gov
FROM: Russell Y. Tsuji, Land Administrator Russe/ Tsuji
SUBJECT: Special Permit Application (SPP 20-000219)— Request to Operate Puakea
Ranch as a Guest Ranch Offering Activities and Events to Guests and the
Local Community
LOCATION: 56-2864 Akoni Pule Highway, Hawi, Island of Hawaii; TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082
APPLICANT:County of Hawaii on behalf of Puakea Ranch dba Kupunakane Ranch LLC
Transmitted for your review and comment is information on the above-referenced subject matter
which can be found at:
https://hawaiioimt-
mv.shareboint.com/:f:/q/personal/dariene k nakamura hawaii qov/EruY5mmcBgBBgDCcAicF
eHsBIFVOnHG e4K9107gmedw?e=WVhf4Z
Please submit comments by August 20, 2020. if no response is received by the above date,
we will assume your agency has no comments. Should you have any questions about this
request, please contact Darlene Nakamura at darlene.k.nakamura(a hawaii.gov. Thank you
We have no objections.
We have no comments
Comments are attached.
Signed:
NI
Print Name: —rine A.i G. IZ '/7
Division l///t n
Date:
Attachments C
cc: Central Files
s.i
SUZANNE D.CASE
DAVID Y.IDE CHAIRPERSON
GOVERNOR OFHAWAII BOARD OFLAND AND NATURAL.RESOURCES
COMMISSION ON WATERRESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
ovoci
andA'ar4,
STATE OF HAWAII
yDEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES14!e.,t HO."
LAND DIVISION
POST OFFICE BOX 62!
HONOLULU,HAWAII 96809
August 7, 2020
FROM: MEMORANDUM
DLNR Agencies:
Div. of Aquatic Resources (kendall.l.tucker ac hawaii.gov)
Div. of Boating & Ocean Recreation (richard.t.howard aahawaii.gov)
X Engineering Division (DLNR.ENGRa.hawaii.gov)
X Div. of Forestry &Wildlife (rubvrosa.t.terragonu.hawaii.gov)
Div. of State Parks(curt.a.cottrell(a.hawaii.gov)
X Commission on Water Resource Management(DLNR.CWRMhawaii.gov)
Office of Conservation &Coastal Lands (sharleen.k.kubaahawaii.gov)
X Land Division—Hawaii District(gordon.c.heitahawaii.gov)
X Historic Preservation (DLNR.Intake.SHPD a(hawaii.gov)
TO:
Russell Y. Tsuji, Land Administrator Russell Istij
SUBJECT: Special Permit Application (SPP 20-000219)—Request to Operate Puakea
Ranch as a Guest Ranch Offering Activities and Events to Guests and the
Local Community
LOCATION: 56-2864 Akoni Pule Highway, Hawi, Island of Hawaii; TMK: (3) 5-6-001:082
APPLICANT:County of Hawaii on behalf of Puakea Ranch dba Kupunakane Ranch LLC
Transmitted for your review and comment is information on the above-referenced subject matter
which can be found at:
https://hawaiioimt-
mv.sharepoint.com/:f:/q/personal/darlene k nakamura hawaii qov/EruY5mmcBQBBgDCcAicF
eHsBIFVOnHG e4K9liB7gmedw?e=WVhf4Z
Please submit comments by August 20, 2020. If no response is received by the above date,
we will assume your agency has no comments. Should you have any questions about this
request, please contact Darlene Nakamura at darlene.k.nakamura(c hawaii.gov. Thank you.
additional
We have no bjections.
v ) We have no,.comments.
Comments are attached.
Signed: 6
Print Name: Carty Chang, Chief Engineer
Division: Engineering Division
Date: Aug 20,2020
Attachments
cc: Central Files P :inni g Dept.
Exhibit l3
Mr. Yee, DirectorCO s PLANNING DEPTAUG282020of1.1.:54
c/o Hawaii County Planning Dept.
101 Pauahi Street #3 RECO BY HAIL
Hilo Hawaii 96720
Special permit Number (SPP 20-000219)
APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG
Activities and non ag activities/events to guests and the local communityTaxMapKey: (3) 5-6-001 :082
August 23, 2020
Dear Sir,
My wife and I had a brief visit to Hawi and Puakea Ranch in 2017.
Christie Cash was kind enough to explain some of the interesting
history of the North Kohala region and the important role Puakea
Ranch played in those years. The preservation of the cowboy
bunkhouse and the other architectural features from that era seems an
important endeavor. I understand that part of the special use
application will include a small museum that will dedicated to
highlighting this history. Beyond that, I am also supportive of providing
increased flexibility to Puakea Ranch so that it can preserve this
heritage. I expect that Puakea Ranch will add to the stability and
economy of the broader community. While in Hawi we shopped in an
art gallery and dined in a small local restaurant. I look forward to a
return visit to Hawi and Puakea Ranch.
Jeff Strathern
9802 Gas House Pike
Frederick, Maryland f Fanning Dept.
21701 Exhibit ia+
SCANNED
SEP O 1 2020
Mori, Ashley
From: Lisa Ebrahimi <ashawiturnsl @gmail.com>
Sent: Friday,August 28, 2020 11:17 AM
To: Planning Internet Mail COH PLANNING DEPTSubject:Puakea Ranch AUG 28 2020 PH12:29
Planning Commision
This is a letter to the Planning Dept to show my support of Christi Cash and her request for a Special Use
Permit.
I have lived in Hawi for 30 years and have had a business in Hawi for 28 years. We need businesses like
Puakea Ranch. It's a small footprint with a giant positive impact for our economy. Because of Christi Cash and
Puakea Ranch, my business and the other businesses in Hawi have reaped the benefits of having a small Eco
Ranch with vacation rentals. It has brought visitors to our little town and also has employed many local
residents which in turn helps our whole community.
Puakea Ranch has meticulously restored the existing plantation houses on the property. Christi Cash runs a
farm growing fruits and vegetables. Puakea ranch has cows, goats, sheep, horses and chickens. It is a workingfarmandranch.
This is exactly what we need in North Kohala. Please accept her request for a Special Use Permit.
Thank you,
Lisa Ebrahimi
As Hawi Turns LLC
PO Box 178
55-3412 Akoni Pule Highway
Hawi, HI 96719
808-889-5023
Panning Dept.
Exhibit 5___
SCANN1
1 15' 9
Mori, Ashley
From: Marcelle "Maki" Loren 808-545-1000 texts welcome CoI-1 PLANNING DEPTmloren@islandmortgagehawaii.com> AUG 28 2020 PH12:29Sent: Thursday,August 27,2020 6:39 PM
To: Planning Internet Mail
Subject: SPP 20-000219;,APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash, Request:To Operate Puakea
Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag activities/events to guests
and the local community,Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
Aloha County of Hawaii Planning Department,
I write this letter to express strong support for the SPP application by Christine Cash for her vision for Puakea
Ranch.
Puakea Ranch pays tribute to generations of community members. Its intended activities will serve as an
inspiration for North Kohala residents and business owners making it a cultural destination and furthermore
making North Kohala a better and more interesting place to live and work.
Consistent her her reputation, Christine Cash has worked diligently with local community members as well as
civic and political leaders throughout the planning of this project. The project has engaged many residents from
diverse backgrounds. It has brought together community member and leaders to talk not only about Puakea
Ranch but also to discuss broader community concerns and visions for North Kohala.
This project deserves your full support.
I look forward to the successful completion of the vision for Puakea Ranch.
Marcelle Loren, Resident ofmakai neighbor, Puakea Bay Ranch, 56-2898 Haleakala View Place, Hawi
HI 96719 and a local mortgage broker since 1976, President ofIsland Mortgage.
Pinning Dep;.
Exhibit R0
SCANNED
SEP 0 1 2020
1t,:tpl3.5593
Mori, Ashley
From: Roy,Alex
Sent: Wednesday,August 26, 2020 9:58 AM FLAI DEPT
To: Mori,AshleyPM•3
Cc: Darrow,Jeff
Subject:FW: Special permit Number(SPP 20-000219)
AUG 26 2020
Please intake for Puakea Ranch SPP, Mahalo!
Alex J. Roy
Planner VI
County ofHawai'i
Planning Department
101 Pauahi St., Ste. 3
Hilo, HI 96720
alex.rov(tii,hawaiicounty.gov
808-961-8140
planning.hawaiicounty.gov
From:Yee, Michael <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Sent:Wednesday,August 19,2020 9:19 PM
To: Darrow,Jeff<Jeff.Darrow@hawaiicounty.gov>
Cc: Roy,Alex<Alex.Roy@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject: Fwd: Special permit Number(SPP 20-000219)
Please intake for Puakea Ranch SPP application.
Sent from my iPhone
Begin forwarded message:
From: Erin Pasco<colorcatering@gmail.com>
Date:August 19,2020 at 5:37:07 PM HST
To: "Yee, Michael" <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject:Special permit Number(SPP 20-000219) Q.
APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash
Request:To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag activities/events
to guests and the local community C —0TaxMapKey: (3)5-6-001:082 C .0t3X
Good morning Mr.Yee,
As the owner and business proprietor of a local catering company called Color Catering, I am writing in
support for Puakea Ranch to receive appropriate permits for their venue to continue servicing wedding
clients here on the big Island of Hawaii. From a catering standpoint,their ability to host even s
significant impact, not only on my business but on many other vendors in the community wh 's i T 1}VF0
1 SEP 0 1 0
pt55
businesses are interdependent on the availability of venues such as Puakea Ranch. What's unique about
how Christie and her team manages this venue that differs from an independent vacation rental is their
unique position to be directly supporting all of the wedding vendors in terms of referrals for their clients
and the attraction of many people to attend the events that support the sustainable economic interests
of our island.
I'm not familiar with the issues that any neighbors may have that might impede the permitting process,
but my experience with Puakea Ranch during many events is that they are very courteous neighbors to
their community and take every measure to ensure noise levels are reasonable and impacts are
minimum to surrounding properties and all music is turned off by 10pm every event we are a part
of. Being that we are in rural agricultural areas with more space between property, Big Island has a
unique opportunity to host larger weddings and gatherings that do support many local businesses not
just in the wedding industry. As a wedding professional for over 10 years, I would surmise that if we
lose these larger venues our wedding clients would choose other venues off island. I feel it is a definite
economic and social boost to our community at large to have venues such as Puakea Ranch to showcase
and support our rural agriculture to clients world wide. We depend on such alliances with our vendors
to survive in these economic times. We are in this together! Thank you very much for your kind
consideration in this matter to support this vital local business.
Sincerely,
Erin Pasco
Color Catering
Paauilo Hawaii
808-557-5507
colorcateringPgmail.com
2
Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Thursday, September 10, 2020 1:06 PM G DEPTTo: Mori,Ashley9-72 y,= -
r, i
Subject: FW: Puakea Ranch special hearing
t ' }
Please intake to Jeff. Note, I think this may have already come in as a hard copy.
Original Message
From:terin johnston <terinjohnston29@gmail.com>
Sent:Thursday,September 10, 2020 1:01 PM
To:Yee, Michael <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>; Christie Cash <christie@puakearanch.com>
Subject: Puakea Ranch special hearing
Sent from my iPad
Dear Mr.Yee,
I am writing to you in regards to:
SPP 20-000219
Applicant: Puakea Ranch/Christy Cash
Request:To operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG activities and non AG activities/events for guests and
the local community Tax Map Key: (3)5-6-001:082
My family lives in Puakea Bay Ranch directly across from Puakea Ranch and we are one of the closest in proximity to
Christy's property.We have never heard any noise, music, or extra traffic in the three years we've been here. Christy
has always been gracious with her time,given me a personal tour, a private number should I be disturbed by any guests
or noise to have it handled immediately, and an invitation to help harvest her amazing garden.
I have no hesitation to support her endeavors with this property. She has managed to not only preserve this heritage
property but has created opportunity to include the community, old and young to participate in various activities.
I feel that this brings a positive addition to beautiful Hawi offering something other than souvenir shops or run of the
mill lodging. It's a marvel and I fully recommend that the council visit to see what has been done to retain some
Hawaiian cultural history. It is a destination must see on the Big Island and that is great news for us all.
I thank you for your time in this matter and truly hope that this can be a beautiful addition to our island.
Yours,
Terin Johnston tanning Dept.
Exhibit S_____
SCANNED
SEP 1 5 2020
Subject: Special Permit number (SPP 20-000219)
Applicant: Puakea Ranch, Christie Cash
Request: To operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering agricultural activities and non-
agricultural activities/events to guests and the local community.
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
Date: September 11, 2020
Dear Mr. Yee and Members of the Planning Commission:
We are writing to express our support for the special use permit being requested for
Puakea Ranch. The Ranch has been an integral part of our landscape for decades and now,
with the refurbishing of the property and the opportunities for our community to visit the Ranch,
we can partake in all of what the Ranch has to offer.
Ms. Cash has developed a business plan that brings the community together. From
outings for our seniors to cultivating the Ranch's agriculture offerings for our community, we will
all benefit from the Ranch being able to utilize all of its assets.
In addition to our own direct benefits, our community will benefit from the guests that
come to stay at the Ranch by the mere fact that they will shop in our stores, eat in our
restaurants, and partake in our tourist adventure outings offered in North Kohala.
We need businesses that will thrive in North Kohala and Puakea Ranch is poised to
provide our community with much needed local jobs, tourist activity and a place for local people
to congregate for a variety of events.
Thank you for your time in reviewing this special use permit request.
Sincerely,
Katherine, Steve and Daniel Groves
Hawi, Hawaii
Small business owners and residents)
Planning Dept.
Exhibit ( 9
Mori, Ashley
From: olivia ebrahimi <oliviaebra@gmail.com>
Sent: Wednesday, September 02, 2020 9:46 AM
2.To: Planning Internet Mail y . - _-
t
Subject: Puakea Ranch
Aloha,
I know Christie Cash and her beautiful ranch at Puakea.
I have attended a number of community events there and have really appreciated
that we have such a resource in our little town of Hawi. I remember the first time I
attended an auction raising funds for North Kohala was at Christie's ranch at
Puakea. I was so impressed with her generosity and I still am.
She truly loves the history of the ranch and has stories and photos of the old
cowboys that lived there. Her organic garden has been a nice source of food for the
community.
I don't know the details of why she does not have a special permit to host events
etc, but I think it would be very sad for Kohala if her ranch was not available and
running.
I hope you approve the permit she needs to keep her ranch open and running.
o
Olivia
Mahal
lival
Ebrahimi Planning Dept.
Exhibit 20
SCANNED
SEP 0-4 2020
1
E!!!!..1.41.5,23.0,_
Thanks
Olivia
808-936-2393
2
Mori, Ashley
From: Catalina Cain <catcain@comcast.net>
Sent: Tuesday, September 01, 2020 6:22 PM R:--- M -rP,TTo: Planning Internet Mail SEP 3 2020 PM OR
Subject: Puakea Ranch
Aloha Planning Department,
I am writing this email in support of Christie Cash and her beautiful property known as Puakea Ranch
in Hawi.
I have lived in Kapaau for eight years and met Christie through my son as I landed in Kona. My son,
Joshua Alt has worked for her on the ranch for many years. I was welcomed into the most wonderful
Ohana immediately through this connection, a testament to the type of person Christie has been in
this community.
Over the years I have attended a variety of events, both private and open to the public donated
parties and charity gatherings. It has been a source of pride for me as mother to the manager of this
amazing place. And as I grow closer to Christie, became inspired and educated about the area and
the meaning of the land to the local people. I have listened to her tell stories that she was gifted with
from the Hawaiians and others who have worked to build, who work on this land now and yes even
some who were born in these houses. Her devotion to the history of Puakea Ranch is something she
proudly shares with everyone who steps on the Aina.
Her commitment to preserve the integrity of these 33 acres through planting, maintaining the homes
and guarding the trees, plants and wildlife are of utmost importance to her. I have heard her say she
wants to accommodate those who are against her, but find it hard to communicate with the
opponents.
I personally know no one who lives in North Kohala who doesn't hope for her to receive the "special
permit" she is striving to attain. Her reputation for being generous, a steward of this land and an huge
asset to our little paradise is well known.
And so, I urge you to listen to the many who are in support of Christie and approve the permit she
needs to keep Kohala thriving and self-sustaining. I am convinced this land is loved and cared for
even if there have been mistakes in its evolution. Christie deserves to continue with all the required
changes. And so, I ask you to move forward in a timely manner so we who love the ranch can enjoy
it for many years to come.
Sincerely,
Catalina Cain Punning Dept.
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CAPT.JAMES F. CASH i z
311 Savannah Circle
Foley,Alabama 36535
Jfc7601@yahoo.com
310)463-6902
August 24, 2020
Mr. Yee,Director
do HAWAII COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT
101 Pauahi Street No. 3
Hilo,Hawaii 96720
Re: Special Permit No. (SPP 20-000219)
Applicant: Puakea Ranch
Christie Cash
Request:To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and
Non-AG Activities/Events to Guests and the Local Community
Dear Mr. Yee,
More than 35 years ago, my daughter Christie Cash was a 15 year-old cheerleader in
Michigan. She was chosen out ofthousands of applicants to cheer at the Pro Bowl football game
being held in Honolulu. She came home from that amazing and significant experience and said
Dad, someday I want to live in Hawaii." Twenty years later, I received a call from Christie,
who by that time was a successful executive producer living with her husband and my two
grandchildren in Los Angeles. She was on a hill overlooking what is now Puakea Ranch with
her realtor and said, "Dad I'vefound where I want to spend the rest ofmy life." She was staring
down on the overgrown, and dilapidated remains of what used to be the headquarters of the 19th
Century ranch and sugarcane plantation started by James Wight, who also fell in love with the
people and land and made a life,help start a church,raised a family, and is buried not far away
on the Island.
Unfortunately,this old historical landmark of the 19th and early 20th Century Hawaiian
culture was all but lost. The Planning Department did not even have it on their maps. Christie
took a huge leap of faith, arranged to buy the property from a developer that had bought these
acres from the Parker Ranch,and started to bring it back to life. She begged and borrowed from
her family to scrape up the down payment,and solicited volunteers, including yours truly,to
spend months sleeping in tents to slowly restore these historic buildings for the benefit of
preserving the history,the culture and the grandeur of this remarkably beautiful pie
S ANT ..
Nanning Dept.
Exhibit 2' 1......155.59
Mr. Yee, Director
August 24,2020
Page 2
It would have been much easier and less expensive to bulldoze these old buildings with
their outdoor toilets, and single wall construction. However, she knew it was something special
that must be preserved. She hired a local conservationist, an historic architect,preservation
carpenters, and a team of attorneys—because as stated, the Planning Department did not know
what they had. Their records showed 33 acres of vacant land designated for one house and one
kitchen,when in fact, paniolos for the Parker Ranch, and subsequently several local families,
had been living on the property for years in the various existing and now historical buildings.
Those initial and very ambitious efforts occurred 15 years ago. During the years
following and up to the present, Christie has been making fantastic strides to achieve a successful
business to allow her to maintain Puakea Ranch, its history,the culture and share it with others
who would love and appreciate an experience of real Hawaii,rather than the glitzy high rise
hotels on the beach that may as well be Miami. That being said, the struggles encountered to
obtain permits have been long and arduous, as documented with various governmental
departments.
Finally, there is some encouragement at the end ofthe long, long tunnel which gives hope
that perhaps the Planning Department will let Puakea Ranch see the light at the end ofthis
journey. As a proud Father and investor in preserving the Hawaiian culture, I strongly encourage
and support the granting of this Application, and hope that your Department is inspired to do so
for the reasons put forth herein—not only for Christie's dogged determination, but more
importantly to allow for the continuation of the historical significance this property brings to the
local community on the Kohala Coast and many future visitors to the Island, for years to come.
Respectfully yours,
jr,144'Y eowl/
James F. Cash
2
Mori, Ashley
From: Bamboo Restaurant <bamboorestauranthawaii@gmail.com>
Sent: Friday,August 21, 2020 12:23 PM
To: Planning Internet Mail C r. °_i N NG DEPT
Subject: Puakea Ranch, Hawi 1 ''?el 9020 Pm3:25
Regarding the following Special Permit:
Special permit Number (SPP 20-000219)
APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag
activities/events to guests and the local community
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
I am the owner of Bamboo Restaurant in Hawi, where we have served our guests for nearly
3o years.
I want to strongly urge you to allow the special permit to allow Puakea Ranch to operate
as a Guest Ranch with agricultural and non-agricultural activities.
In order to preserve the rural nature of our community while providing food and guest
services is critical to the future of Kohala. We NEED Puakea to be a Guest Ranch so that
our children can stay and work in the community, grow food, and share our way of life.
Please allow Puakea Ranch this special permit. It is critically important and necessary.
Mahalo,
Joan Channon, owner
Bamboo REstaurant & Gallery,
Hawi
Nanning Dept.
Exhibit 2-4"
SCANNED
1 AUG 2 8 2020
Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Friday, August 21, 2020 10:04 AM
To: Mori, Ashley; Darrow,Jeff CIJH PLANNING DEPT
Subject: FW: Special permit Number (SPP 20-000219) AUG 24 2020 F112:26
Ashley- Please intake as public comment for SPP 20-000219 to Jeff.
Original Message
From: Karen Johnson <kdjohnsonmd78@gmail.com>
Sent:Thursday,August 20, 2020 5:57 PM
To:Yee, Michael <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Cc: Christie Cash <christie@puakearanch.com>
Subject: Special permit Number(SPP 20-000219)
RE:Special permit Number(SPP 20-000219)
APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash
Request:To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag activities/events to guests and
the local community Tax Map Key: (3)5-6-001:082
Dear Mr.Yee,
My husband and I are residents of Puakea Bay Ranch. We welcome the addition of the activities and events requested
by Puakea Ranch.This is especially important given the changes and loss of businesses and revenue in North Kohala as a
result of the pandemic.
I have personally visited Puakea Ranch and was very impressed with the beauty of the place and the attention to
preserving the history of the ranch.This Ranch is a gem and a valuable asset to the entire community.
Activities at Puakea Ranch have no adverse effect on our ranch or the surrounding neighborhood due to the rural
location and lack of proximity to any residences.
I am strongly in favor of approving the requested permit.
Aloha,
Karen Johnson,
56-3026 Puakea Bay Drive,
Hawi, HI 96719
Planning Dept.
Exhibit 2
SCANNED
Mori, Ashley
From: Sophia Bowart <sophiabowart@gmail.com>
Sent: Friday,August 21, 2020.12:17 PM COH PLANNING DEPT.
To: Planning Internet Mail AUG 24 2020 PP4
Cc: Christie Cash
Subject: Special permit Number (SPP 20-000219)
Dear Mr. Yee,
We are writing in support of Puakea Ranch getting a special permit to operate as a guest ranch offering AG
activities and Non-Ag activities/events to guests and the local community.
Special permit Number (SPP 20-000219)
APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch, Christine Cash
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag activities/events to
guests and the local community
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
This small Agri tourism business provides comfortable accommodations in North Kohala, at a historic ranch
with rich history, while also supporting our local economy in our historic small town by promoting local food
producers, ranchers, dairies, rum makers, small shops and restaurants. There are very few historic properties left
with this kind of history to be shared with such a wide audience. Christie Cash is respecting the ancestors of the
place by offering an opportunity for guests to dive deep into the history of the Kawamoto family and North
Kohala's rich multicultural history.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
Sophia Bowart & Ralph Neil Logan III
57-1691 North Kohala Mountain Road, Hawi, 96719
FOREST
AGRICULTURE
RESEARCH
MANAGEM ENT
CENTER
www.farmcenter.orq Nanning
E
Dept.
415.860.3606 (cell) Xhlbl.t O
SCANNED
AUG 2 8 20201
P!i a4 482
Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael
Sent: Friday, August 21, 2020 10:29 AM
To: Mori,Ashley C P: FINN_} D-P—
9 5 cr F 5i3 39iFINNING DF_PT
24Subject: FW: Christie Cash Special Use Permit peG0 F" i'
Ashley- Please intake as public comment for SPP 20-000219 to Jeff.
From:Alexandra Star<starsaffire@gmail.com>
Sent:Thursday,August 20, 2020 8:17 AM
To:Yee, Michael <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject: Christie Cash Special Use Permit
Special permit Number(SPP 20-000219)
APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag activities/events to
guests and the local community
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
Dear Mr. Yee:
I am writing to support Christie Cash in her application for a Special Use Permit for her property that lies
exactly adjacent to mine. We share a common boundary line.
While I only purchased my property two years ago, I already feel a special bond with these ancient lands and
historic ranching properties on which we live, properties that have now been subdivided to allow more
residents while maintaining the agricultural essence of the land.
I will personally have no objection to Christie's receiving this Special Use Permit for the purposes that she has
outlined. She has a beautiful property which she has greatly enhanced during her tenure there, including the
lovely historic buildings and sympathetic landscaping. Her vegetable gardens are a boon to the neighborhood,
providing fresh organic produce, fruit, and eggs to neighbors and friends.
Christie has restored the historic buildings on her ranch to a high degree of aesthetic taste, while maintaining
the 'paniolo' and 'rancher' theme. Guests from the mainland thoroughly enjoy the atmosphere and flavor of her
ranch and enjoy the completely relaxed time they spend there, while getting to know more about
historic Kohala.
Please let me know if there is anything else I can do to help in this process. Again, I have absolutely no
objection to the Special Permit.
Sincerely yours,
Alexandra Star
Owner of Lot 4
n i Dep;. SCANNED
Exh .._ 2 ' 584283t
1
Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael H PUNNING DEPT
Sent: Friday,August 21, 2020 10:17 AM AUG24 9 s0 Pm :26
To: Mori, Ashley; Darrow,
Jeffs- ` — - -
ted Lam=
Subject: FW:YES! AE! To Puakea Ranch for their Special Use permit (SPP 20-000219)
Importance: High
Ashley- Please intake as public comment for SPP 20-000219 to Jeff.
From: Calley O'Neill <Calley@CalleyONeill.com>
Sent:Thursday,August 20, 2020 1:04 PM
To:Yee, Michael <Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Cc: Christie Cash<christie@puakearanch.com>; Calley O'Neill<calley@calleyoneill.com>; Leianna Eads
leianna.e@gmail.com>; Bryan Gazaui <bryan@gazaui.com>; Noa Eads<noaeads@gmail.com>;Jameson Luskay
jcluskay@gmail.com>;Jeremiah Holguin <djeote@icloud.com>;julia@theramaexhibition.org
Subject: YES! AE! To Puakea Ranch for their Special Use permit (SPP 20-000219)
Importance: High
RE: Special permit Number(SPP 20-000219)
APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag activities/events to guests and the
local community
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
Dear Mr.Yee,
My family and I have known and loved Puakea Ranch ever since owner, Christie Cash began her long and arduous
journey of research, oral histories, and restoration on the cottages and the homes.
Not only does Christie Cash deserve to be granted a Special Permit for a guest ranch, but encouraged and applauded for
her efforts. This is exactly the kind of agricultural , history, culture, ecological, sustainable, and hospitality filled venue
that can provide a model for our Big Island economic recovery. I say this ESPECIALLY because Christie is interested in
hosting our community in agricultural and health related gatherings. The community means the world to Christie and
citizens like Christie mean the world to our green economic post-coved recovery. Our Aloha `Aina future, which is our
only future.
Please! Do call me for any further recommendation or referral or information. I am here to assist.
Malama Honua,
Calley
CONSERVATION ARTIST Mann ung Dept.' SCANNED
Exhibit 25 AM 2 820
0,,1354Id4
PO Box 6571
Kamuela,Hawai'i 96743
Mobile: (808)987-7003
www.CalleyONeill.com
www.TheRamaExhibition.org
Calley responds to emails weekday evenings. If you wish to reach her sooner,please call or text(808) 987-7003.
2
Mori, Ashley
From: Robert Defazio <rcdefazio@yahoo.com>
Sent: Monday, August 24, 2020 7:08 AM C01-1 P3 ANNI G DEPTTo: Planning Internet MailAi IS 24 2020 N3:29
E=i e ' —
Subject: puakea RECTI BY EMAIL
in regards to the special permit for the Puakea ranch. This would a good thing for our community. Having a place for
special events, outdoors classes and market. Also a great peaceful place to stay and relax. I fully support this permit.
Aloha Robert
r tanning Dept.
Exhibit 2-9
SCANNED
1 AUG 2 8 2020
41.1-35480
Mori, Ashley
From: Yee, Michael rn-; Ps a,NN: G DEP;i{''aaae3's
Sent: Monday, August 24, 2020 11:23 AM AUGG 24 2020 P43:28
To: Mori, Ashley
Cc: Darrow, Jeff
Subject: FW: Spp2000219
Ashley- Please intake as public comment for SPP 20-000219 to Jeff.
From:Jon Adams<adamsjon37@gmail.com>
Sent:Thursday,August 20, 2020 7:28 AM
To:Yee, Michael<Michael.Yee@hawaiicounty.gov>
Subject: Spp2000219
Aloha Mr.Yee as a 41 year resident of north kohala. I have started 7 business in town been actively involved in most
community planning and other organizations and would like to encourage approval of Christie Cash's application.Her
proposed use of this historic property helps all in our town.she provides needed jobs as well as accommodations for
guests that support all of our merchants. Thank you for your consideration. Jon Adams
Planning Dept. SCANNED
1
Exhibit_ So - A p351/O ,
Mori, Ashley
From: Barbara Davis <barbdavis20@gmail.com> CL; PLANKB-46 rhs
Sent: Saturday, August 22, 2020 11:07 AM AUG 21 9020 P 31
To: Planning Internet Mail
Subject: Special permit Number (SPP 20-000219)APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash
Request:To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag
activities/events to guests and the local community Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
Special permit Number (5PP 20-000219)
APPLICANT: Puakea Ranch Christine Cash
Request: To Operate Puakea Ranch as a Guest Ranch offering AG Activities and non ag
activities/events to guests and the local community
Tax Map Key: (3) 5-6-001:082
Dear Mr. Yee and Planning Dept,
We live in Puakea Bay Ranch which is across the highway from Puakea Ranch.
We are in full support of the efforts of the Ranch and hope that you grant the special permit
as soon as possible. Puakea Ranch is a gem of our community and Christie Cash is one of the
most generous people I know. Please help our community by keeping the ranch going with this
special permit!
Mahalo,
Barbara and Bill Davis
56-2996 Puakea Bay Drive
Hawi, HI 96719
Panning Dept. SCANNED
Exhibit 3 f AUG 2 8 2020
pt. 4 '7 9
1
Mori, Ashley
From: Virginia Fortner <Vfortner@hotmail.com>
Sent: Thursday, September 03, 2020 9:16 PM I PLANNING riFFri
To: Planning Internet Mail CFP 17 2020 F*2:3
Subject: Puakea Ranch
Aloha Planning Department,
I have enjoyed time at Puakea Ranch several times during the eight years I've lived in Hawi area. Each visit has
been a pleasant time of aloha when I've entered that beautiful property. I'm grateful for Christie Cash's
thoughtful planning, reverence for the history and sacredness of the land, welcoming attitude, and attention
to detail as the farm/ranch reached out to community and serves visitors to the Big Island.
While watercoloring (at Christie's invitation) with a group of plein air painters twice on property, I noticed that
each house has literature and history from the property's early days to give visitors a sense of the importance
of the aina; during fundraisers for Kohala's Visitor's Center, I've watched hundreds of people park, eat, hold an
auction, enjoy the spectacular sunset, and join in generous aloha-spirit for our community with a surprisingly
low volume of noise. Another fond memory is of Christie calling Bingo after serving 65-or-so Senior Citizens a
yearly Thank You Dinner at the pavilion. We kupuna felt honored for their many contributions in Kohala as
volunteers, parents, and grandparents. I've been lucky enough to return to my farm roots during informal
visits to Puakea Ranch by helping to feed the chickens, goats, and horses. The gardens have fed me, and I've
been in the pools. Everything is tended with care, and the considerable workload seems carried out without
complaint.
I urge you to give the approval that Kristie is seeking as soon as possible. The ranch deserves to thrive and
continue to contribute to our community during these times. I also urge you to keep open communication
with Christie about matters concerning the ranch. I'm sure you will find her flexible, respectful, responsible,
and willing to listen.
Sincerely,
Virginia Fortner
54-460 Honomakau Road
406 210 2454
Nanning
Exhibit 31--- SCANNED
SEP 09 202(1
1 p .13..5 __7_
r
August 13,2020 VIA CERTIFIED LETTER
Planning Director Michael Yee
County of Hawaii Planning Department
101 Pauahi Street,Suite 3 O fL, I 1'1J FPIP1
A G 17 2090 PM2:22Hilo,Hawaii 96720
RECD BY MAIL
RE: Designation of Puakea Ranch as a"Hotel"
Dear Planning Director Michael Yee;
As a follow-up to previous correspondence to you,' I respectfully ask that the County of Hawaii Planning
Department provide a determination as to whether the proposed expansion of Puakea Ranch described in
the 2/14/2020 Final Environmental Assessment(FEA)and the 6/21/2020 Special Permit Application
meets the definition of a"hotel"per §25 1-5(b) ofthe Hawaii County Code.
Hotel"means a building or group ofbuildings containing six or more rooms or suites
which provides transient lodging accommodations, meals, entertainment, and various
personal services for compensation, whether such establishment is called a hotel, motel,
motor hotel, motor lodge, inn, or otherwise.
Information in the FEA and Special Permit application appear to conform to this definition based
upon information in these two documents as indicated in the following text.
Hotel Definition Final Environmental Assessment and Special Permit
Application—Puakea Guest Ranch
means a building or group of The Guest Ranch wouldbe able to accommodate as many as 38 visitors
buildings containing six or more rooms in the seven rental units and the event area, an increase from the
or suites that provides transient lodging current occupant capacity of 18. [Special Use Permit Background;A.
accommodations ... Proposed Use Description,pg.2]Three swimming pools currently on
the property.
meals... The Guest Ranch would include a certified kitchen to allow cateringfor
guest events and other special events. [Special Use Permit Background;
A.Proposed Use Description,pg. 3]
entertainment... Obtaining the Special Permit would allow advertisement as a "Guest
Ranch"offering activities, opportunities and events, such as marriages,
birthday parties, anniversary celebrations,farm to fork events to our
guests, local school and our local community members. [Final
Environmental Assessment,pg. 5]
The Proposed Action would continue the vacation rentals and construct
facilities that would allowfor variousfunctions including weddings and
community events. [Special Use Permit Background;A.Proposed Use
Description,pg.3]
Three swimming pools are currently on the property.
and various personal Examples: Private chef($50/hr),private art classes($225),yoga and
services for compensation... meditation in wedding pavilion($100 for up to 4 people);private archery
pro rated starting at$150),massage(starting from$135 per person and$1
person,per couple,at your accommodations); childcare($20/1u-)etc.2
Certified letters to Planning Director Michael from Robert Morrison dated January 10 and March 6,2020.
2 https://www.puakearanch.com/tour-the-cottages/meet-the-experts/#1544108419064-fe2e0a33-b224 [Accessed on
8/11/2020]
SCANNEDNanningDept.
AUG 1 8 2020
Exhibit $$ Br 1 3 5 2 93
JD AUG 2 0 2020
VeiPlanning Director Michael Yee
Puakea Ranch SES' 0 1 int/AOAugust 13,2020
k whether such establishment is called Puakea Ranch Hotel—Hawi;3 Hawaii's Hottest Hotel in Hawi;a
A hotel, motel, motor hotel, motor Hawi Hotels;5 Puakea Ranch and Farm;6 Guest Ranch—Private Historic
lodge, inn, or otherwise. Vacation Homes—Concierges service available;7 Puakea Ranch—
Barn/Farm/Ranch Bed&Breakfast/Inn;8 Hotels/Motels Puakea Ranch
VISIT WEBSITE 456 Lincoln Blvd. Santa Monica,CA 90402 9
Proposed Catering
The Final Environmental Assessment and Special Permit Application propose a certified catering
kitchen.10 While allowed in commercial,mixed use, limited industrial and general industrial districts," a
catering kitchen is not a permitted use in residential and agricultural districts per§25-5-52. 12 We
therefore ask for the County of Hawaii Planning Director to determine whether a catering kitchen will be
allowed at Puakea Ranch.
A copy of this correspondence has been mailed to Dakota Frenz,Esq.who I understand is handling the
litigation on behalfof the County of Hawaii regarding Puakea Ranch. Please feel free to contact me
directly ifyou have any questions about this information or require documentation regarding these issues.
Sincerely yours,
R0/71—\--t#1;52-
1/ 6;.-.._
Robert Morrison
P.O. Box 195
Hawi, HI 96719
808-884-5291 (office)
Cc: Dakota Frenz,Esq.,Office of Corporation Counsel
3 https://puakea-ranch-hawi.ibooked.ca/[Accessed on 8/13/2020]
a Hawaii Tribune Herald,November 25,2012.Hawaii's hottest hotel in Hawi
5 Trip Advisor listing ofPuakea Ranch under"Hawi Hotels"
https://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel Review160582-dl235011-Reviews-Puakea Ranch-
Hawi Island of Hawaii Hawaii.html#REVIEWS[Accessed on 8/12/2020]
6 FarmStaysus.com[http://www.farmstayus.com/farm/Hawaii/Puakea_Ranch_and_Farm Accessed on 9/12/2017]
7 Kona Chamber of Commerce The Source 2018.Puakea Ranch/Vacation Rentals/B&Bs[http://konakohalachamber
chambermaster.com/list/member/puakea-ranch-1641 Accessed on 2/16/2018]
8 Venue Report[https://www.venuereport.com/venue/puakea-ranch/Accessed on 4/9/2019]
9 Chamber of Commerce of Hawaii Puakea Ranch[https://business.cochawaii.org/list/member/puakea-ranch-santa-monica-
20297.htm Accessed 8/12/2020]
1°Final Environmental Assessment,pg.5;Puakea Guest Ranch Special Permit,pg.3.
11 Chapter 25 Sections 25-5-112;25-5-132;25-5-142;25-5-152
12 Chapter 25, Section 25-5-52.
2