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PD BACKGROUND REPORT (PL-SMA-2021-002, 003 & 004, PL-REZ-2021-004 & 005)
-1- BKumuHouSMA.crk.11.2.21 COUNTY OF HAWAI ‘I PLANNING DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND REPORT WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATIONS (PL-SMA-2021-000002, PL-SMA-2021-000003, PL-SMA-2021-000004) CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS (PL-REZ-2021-000004, PL-REZ-2021-000005) WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY has submitted the following: Application for a Special Management Area Use Permit to allow the development of 900 multi-family timeshare units, community support facilities, golf support facilities, public parks and paths and related improvements within approximately 133.8 acres of land identified as “Area B” and to allow the development of a new brackish water irrigation source and distribution system to support the landscape irrigation needs of the project within 3.1 acres of land identified as “Area C” of the proposed Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project situated within the Special Management Area. The properties are located between the 75- and 76- mile markers on Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway and west (makai) of the highway to the King’s Highway Foot Trail, ʻAnaehoʻomalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaiʻi, TMKs: (3) 6-9-008:013 (por.), 022, 025, 028 (por.), 029 (por.), and 033. (PL-SMA-2021-000004) Application for a Change of Zone from an Open, Multiple-Family Residential-4,000 square feet (RM-4), Multiple-Family Residential-6,000 square feet (RM-6), Multiple- Family Residential-8,000 square feet (RM-8) and Village Commercial-10,000 square feet (CV-10) zoning districts to a Project District zoning district for 133.822 acres of land identified as “Area B” of the proposed Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project. The properties are located between the 75- and 76-mile markers on Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway and west (makai) of the highway to the King’s Highway Foot Trail, ʻAnaehoʻomalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaiʻi, TMKs: (3) 6-9-008:013 (por.), 022, 025, 029 (por.), and 033. (PL-REZ-2021-000005) Application for a Special Management Area Use Permit for to allow the development of 264 multi-family timeshare units and related improvements within an approximately 38.6-acre portion of “Area A” of the proposed Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project situated within the Special Management Area. The properties are located between the 75- and 76- -2- mile markers on Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway and west (makai) of the highway to the King’s Highway Foot Trail, ʻAnaehoʻomalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaiʻi, TMKs: (3) 6-9-008:021, 027 (por.), 028 (por.), and 031 (por.). (PL-SMA-2021-000002) Application for a Special Management Area Use Permit for to allow the development of 25 single-family residential lots and related infrastructure within a portion of land within an approximately 7.3-acre portion of “Area A” of the Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project situated within the Special Management Area. The properties are located between the 75- and 76- mile markers on Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway and west (makai) of the highway to the King’s Highway Foot Trail, ʻAnaehoʻomalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaiʻi, TMKs: (3) 6-9-008:021 and 028 (por.). (PL-SMA-2021-000003) Application for a Change of Zone from an Open and Multiple-Family Residential 8,000 square feet (RM-8) zoning districts to Multiple-Family Residential 6,000 square feet (RM-6) and Single-Family Residential-10,000 square feet (RS-10) zoning districts for 45.932 acres of land identified as “Area A” of the proposed Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project. The properties are located between the 75- and 76- mile markers on Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway and west (makai) of the highway to the King’s Highway Foot Trail, ʻAnaehoʻomalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaiʻi, TMKs: (3) 6-9-008:021, 027 (por.), 028 (por.), and 031 (por.). (PL-REZ-2021-000004) APPLICANTS’ REQUEST 1. Proposed Development: The applicant has submitted a multi-permit application to implement the proposed Kumu Hou at Waikoloa (Kumu Hou) Master Plan within three (3) non-contiguous areas totaling approximately 182.9 acres of land situated mauka of the King’s Highway Foot Trail (King’s Trail) and makai of Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway. The proposed Kumu Hou project would include the following components (see Figure 2 of the application): 1,164 multi-family residential timeshare units (See Figures 9 & 10 of the application). 25 single-family residential lots. (See Figure 9 of the application) Community support facilities including up to 40,000 square feet of community center(s) (with private pool and other recreational facilities) in support of the timeshare facilities, a 3,000 square-foot convenience retail center, and up to 32,000 square-foot operations center to support back-of-the house housekeeping and general -3- maintenance services, and additional employee and other parking consisting of approximately 200 parking stalls. (See Figure 10 of the application) Retention of nine (9) holes of the King’s Course with the land area encompassing the other holes to be repurposed for the timeshare and related uses, relocated new golf club, and driving range, and support uses. Approximately 126 acres of landscaped open areas, including natural and renaturalized lava landscapes. Approximately three (3) acres of new pedestrian paths and two (2) community parks with recreational amenities (within the open space areas noted above). (See Figure 11 of the application) A new landscape irrigation system utilizing brackish water from the underlying aquifer to service the landscaping needs of the project which will reduce the reliance on potable water for irrigation. 2. Applicant’s Request: The applicant is requesting the following entitlements to facilitate the development of the proposed Kumu Hou project: Special Management Area (SMA) Use Permits PL-SMA-2021-000002: SMA Use Permit to allow the development of 264 multiple- family residential timeshare units and related improvements within sub areas J1 and J2 of “Area A” totaling approximately 38.6 acres of land within the SMA. PL-SMA-2021-000003: SMA Use Permit to allow the development of 25 single- family residential lots and related improvements within sub area L2 of “Area A” totaling approximately 7.3 acres of land within the SMA. PL-SMA-2021-000004: SMA Use Permit to allow the development of 900 multiple- family residential timeshare units, community support facilities (including a community center, convenience retail center, maintenance operations center, additional employee and other parking), golf support facilities (including relocation of the golf clubhouse and driving range, and a new cart path), public parks and paths (including two gateway parks, pedestrian tr ails, sidewalk facilities and open space) and related improvements and to allow a new brackish water irrigation source and distribution system to support the landscape irrigation needs of the project within 3.1 acres of land identified as “Area C” of the proposed Kumu Hou project. The land -4- encompassing “Area C” is zoned Open, and the proposed brackish water irrigation well and transmission system is permitted in the Open district under Hawaiʻi County Code (HCC) Section 25-4-11. Power lines, utility substations, public buildings. Sub section (b) states, Any substation used by a public or private utility for the purpose of furnishing telephone, gas, electricity, water, sewer, radio, or television shall be a permitted use in any district provided that the use is not hazardous or dangerous to the surrounding area and the director has issued plan approval for such use. Please note, the newly requested SMA Use Permits will cover the approximately 182.9 acres of land proposed to be withdrawn from coverage under SMA Use Permit No. 25 in a concurrent SMA amendment application. Change of Zone: PL-REZ-2021-000004: Change of Zone from an Open and Multiple Family Residential-8,000 square feet (RM-8) zoning districts to a Multiple Family Residential-6,000 square feet (RM-6) and Single Family Residential-10,000 square feet (RS-10) zoning districts for 45.932 land identified as “Area A” of the proposed Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project totaling 45.9 acres of land. (Planning Department Exhibit 1- Zoning Code Requirements for Multiple-Family Residential Zoning Districts & Planning Department Exhibit 2- Zoning Code Requirements for Single-Family Residential Zoning Districts) PL-REZ-2021-000005: Change of Zone from Open, Multiple Family Residential- 4,000 square feet (RM-4), Multiple Family Residential-6,000 square feet (RM-6), Multiple Family Residential-8,000 square feet (RM-8) and Village Commercial- 10,000 square feet (CV-10) zoning districts to a Project District zoning district for 133.822 acres of land identified as “Area B” of the proposed Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project. Planning Department Exhibit 3- Zoning Code Requirements for Project District Zoning Districts & Resort-Hotel Zoning Districts) 3. Reasons for the Request: A majority of the land encompassing the proposed Kumu Hou project area is currently part of the King’s Course situated mauka of the King’s Trail. According to the applicant, demand for golf at the King’s Course has significantly diminished over the last 20 years despite an overall increase in resort visitor traffic. This trend and the extended closure of the resort/golf courses during the Covid-19 pandemic -5- has caused long-term financial challenges for the resort and analyses indicate that the resort’s current and long-term future demands could be supported with 27 golf holes at the resort (18 holes in the makai Beach Course and a reconfiguration of nine (9) holes in the King’s Course). Based on the preceding, the applicant has created a master plan in order to develop the Kumu Hou project area as described above. Instead of amending SMA 25 to include the Kumu Hou project, the applicant has chosen to amend SMA 25 to remove these areas and apply for three (3) new SMA permits to cover development and operations of the Kumu Hou project area. According to the applicant, the new SMA Use Permits would allow the development of the proposed new facilities and amenities, and to upgrade, repair, maintain, and operate existing or future facilities in the Kumu Hou project area. Furthermore, the new SMA Use Permits will support separate governance structures and conditions that will be relevant to differing development plans and ownership anticipated for each of the three (3) areas to be undertaken over an extended period of time. The change of zone applications are necessary for implementation of the Kumu Hou Master Plan. Finally, since the Resort is situated within the SMA, the Kumu Hou Master Plan has been designed in compliance with the objectives and policies in Chapter 205A, Hawaiʻi Revised Statutes (HRS), the SMA Guidelines set forth in Section 205A-26, HRS, and the objectives and policies in Rule 9, SMA, and County of Hawaiʻi Planning Commission Rules of Practice and Procedure. 4. Timeframe and Cost: The applicant anticipates that the project will be completed in three phases. According to the included Traffic Impact Report (TIR), the first phase (Phase I) would commence in 2025 with the anticipated construction of 301 timeshare units (151 in “Area A” and 150 in “Area B”) and development of 25 single-family lots, with the first timeshare units ready for occupancy in 2027. Phase II would commence in 2030 and include an additional 376 timeshare units (113 in “Area A” and 263 in “Area B”) and Phase III commencing in 2036 with complete buildout of the final 487 timeshare units in “Area B” anticipated by 2042. However, the applicant notes that these timeframes are conceptual and for modeling purposes, and that actual implementation of the master plan will be dependent on a myriad of factors (e.g., economic, market, finance, community, environmental, etc.) that will manifest over time. The estimated cost of the Kumu Hou project is $1.2 billion dollars. -6- 5. Residential Units Entitled within the Waikoloa Beach Resort (WBR): Land Use Commission (LUC) Docket A89-637 was approved in January 1990 to reclassify approximately 853.2 acres of land identified as the mauka area of the WBR, including the land that covers the Kumu Hou project area. This decision allowed the development of 3,365 residential units to be spread throughout the resort, including 1,600 to 1,760 in the mauka area. The 1991 amendment to SMA 25 indicated that the resort’s mauka area would include 1,604 residential units (that can be both permanent and timeshare units). Kumu Hou’s proposed 1,164 multi-family timeshare units and 25 single-family lots fall within those limits and within the allotted share for each landowner (see Figure 2 in the July 28, 2021 supplemental information letter submitted by the applicant). 6. Economic Impact: PBR Hawaii conducted an economic and fiscal assessment of Kumu Hou dated March 2021 that analyzed anticipated job creation and earnings and government revenues related to the Kumu Hou project by phase in 2020 dollars (see Appendix 11 of the application). The assessment found that during the pre-and early construction phase (2021 to 2026), some 350 full-time equivalent (FTE) development and operations-related jobs would be generated in an average year, most on Hawaiʻi Island with an expected $26 million in personal earnings a year. During the estimated buildout period (2027 to 2042), the project is anticipated to support an average of 520 FTE development-related jobs (at $79,000 per) and 930 FTE operational jobs (at $61,000 per) in any given year. Upon full buildout, the Kumu Hou project is anticipated to generate an estimated 1,080 FTE on-going jobs. After adjustment for the additional government expenses that could be associated with Kumu Hou, the County is projected to realize net additional tax revenues amounting to about $10 million per year at project completion, in 2020 dollars. The State would likewise realize substantial fiscal benefits, amounting to more than $52 million in net additional tax revenues per year during the major development and operating period, and $11 million per year sustained thereafter, in 2020 dollars. 7. Community Benefits: Independent of the proposed Kumu Hou project, in 1987 the applicant established an initiative to support cultural, environmental, and educational interests in the Hawaiʻi Island community called the Waikoloa Foundation. According to the applicant, implementation of the Kumu Hou project will further endow the Waikoloa -7- Foundation with a share of the gross sales value from the initial sales of timeshare units in “Area B” as they are realized. These donations are estimated to generate $40 million to $50 million in additional endowment funds in 2020 dollars for the Waikoloa Foundation over an approximately 15-year period (between 2027 and 2042). 8. Affordable Housing: The affordable housing commitments were satisfied by a donation of 300 net acres of land to the County in Waikoloa Village to develop the Kamakoa Workforce Housing development. However, in recognition of the demand for more affordable workforce rental housing in West Hawaiʻi, the applicant believes the development of the Kumu Hou project would enhance the financial feasibility of addressing this demand. In anticipation, the applicant has identified a 19.675-acre site south of the Queens’ Marketplace that could be suitable for affordable workforce rental housing and has signed a letter of intent with Stanford Carr Development, LLC to explore the development of a 142-unit affordable workforce housing development (Planning Department Exhibit 4 – Letter from applicant to the Planning Director dated October 11, 2021, summarizing a meeting on the proposed workforce housing project and including a January 7, 2021 signed Letter of Intent). According to the applicant, if undertaken, this would be the first affordable housing developed within a major resort in West Hawaiʻi and while the 142 units are factored into the overall residential unit count for the resort, this initiative is considered complementary to, but not directly part of, the Kumu Hou master plan. 9. Sustainability Actions: The applicants have included a document entitled, “Proposed Sustainability Actions and Guidelines for Kumu Hou at Waikoloa” by PBR Hawaii dated May 2021 (see Appendix 13 of the application), outlining the applicant’s commitments to promoting environmental stewardship through proposed design principles and best management practices (BMP). The document is organized into conceptual elements of water, natural beauty and culture, and energy and the built environment, which address measures to be adopted in the design, construction, and operations phases of the Kumu Hou project. It should be noted that this document can be expected to be amended over time to respond to evolving climate and other environmental changes, technological advances, societal standards, etc. -8- 10. Supportive Information: The applicant has submitted the attached in support of the request: (Planning Department Exhibit 5 – Multi-Permit Application from PBR Hawaii and Associates, Inc. received June 23, 2021 & Planning Department Exhibit 6 - Supplemental information letter from the same received on July 28, 2021, letter dated November 4, 2021, related to sidewalks, and letter dated November 4, 2021, related to an updated traffic report). 11. Landowners: Waikoloa Development and Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC STATE AND COUNTY PLANS 12. State Land Use District: Urban 13. County Zoning: Multiple-Family Residential District (RM-8, RM-6), Village Commercial (CV-10), and Open (ope). 14. General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map Designation: Resort Node (ren). These areas include a mix of visitor-related uses such as hotels, condominium-hotels (condominiums developed and/or operated as hotels), single family and multiple family residential units, golf courses and other typical resort recreational facilities, resort commercial complexes and other support services. Only Major Resort Areas are identified as Resort Nodes on the LUPAG Map. 15. South Kohala Community Development Plan (SKCDP): The SKCDP, adopted by Ordinance No. 08 159, affects the subject properties. Several SKCDP goals, policies, and actions reference resort areas, including the Waikoloa Beach Resort. 16. Special Management Area: The subject properties are situated fully within the SMA, however, they are not considered “shoreline” parcels as the most makai point of the project area is approximately 3,000 feet from the nearest shoreline with extensive resort development existing between the project area and the shoreline. Furthermore, the closest residential or commercial building development is located about 5,400 feet from the shoreline and the mauka most portion of the development will extend up to 10,300 feet away from the shoreline. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 17. December 3, 1968: The State Land Use Commission (LUC) reclassified 549 acres of land (makai portion of Waikoloa Beach Resort) from the Conservation District to the -9- Urban District and 2,865 acres (Waikoloa Village) from the Agricultural to the Urban District. 18. February 14, 1977: Planning Commission approves Special Management Area (SMA) Use Permit No. 25 to allow the development of the Waikoloa Beach Resort complex that included the construction of 3,000 hotel rooms, 3,430 multiple family residential units, two (2) golf courses and other recreational amenities, commercial facilities, and other related support facilities and infrastructure. 19. April 9, 1985: Planning Commission approves an amendment to SMA Use Permit No. 25 to allow the development of the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa hotel site as part of the Waikoloa Beach Resort master plan. 20. January 9, 1990: The LUC reclassified 853.187 acres of land (mauka portion of Waikoloa Beach Resort, including the subject properties proposed to be withdrawn from SMA No. 25) from the Agricultural to the Urban District and reduced the total number of residential units entitled to 3,365 to be spread throughout the entire resort area (LUC Docket No. A89-637). Of the 3,365 entitled residential units, 1,605 units were permitted for the makai 500+/- acres, and 1,760 units were permitted for the mauka 800+/- acres situated mauka of the King’s Trail. The approval also allowed the incremental development of the mauka area with the provision that there be an 800-foot setback from Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway, with a meandering boundary to be defined by the petitioner, and the resulting area preserved in perpetuity through a conservation easement. (Planning Department Exhibit 7 – LUC Docket A89-637) 21. August 15, 1991: Planning Commission approves an amendment to SMA Use Permit No. 25 to allow for a reduction in the total number of residential units permitted within the Waikoloa Beach Resort complex from 3,430 to 3,365 units, a reduction of 65 units or 1.9%. The amendment request also sought to permit the construction of 2 additional golf courses and its related improvements. 22. November 18, 1991: Effective Date of Ordinance No. 91-112 that rezoned the mauka area of the resort complex (encompassing all of the subject properties) from Unplanned to Multiple Family Residential (RM-4, RM-6, RM-8), Village Commercial (CV-10), Limited Industrial (ML-20) and Open. -10- 23. April 2, 2007: Latest Amendment to SMA 25, which granted a six (6)-year time extension to Condition No. 12 (golf course constriction). This is the most current iteration of SMA 25. (Planning Department Exhibit 8 – SMA 25 and all amendments thereto) DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY AND SURROUNDING AREAS 24. Description of Property: The project area is bounded by 800 feet of open space setback from Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway to the east, the King’s Trail to the west, Waikoloa Beach Drive to the south and the ʻĀinamalu development to the north. The project areas includes three (3) non-contiguous sub-areas that are separated by Waikoloa Beach Drive, existing fairways and other developments totaling approximately 182.9 acres of land. These include: “Area A” – The northern (makai) most of the sub-areas of the project consisting of approximately 45.9 acres of land, about half of which is currently vacant and the other half including portions of the King’s Course that are not presently in use. Two (2) new SMA Use Permits and one (1) Change of Zone approval are being sought concurrently to allow the future development of 264 multiple-family residential timeshare units within sub-areas identified as “J1 and J2” and 25 single-family residential lots and related improvements in sub-area “L2”. “Area B”- Situated south of “Area A” and between two segments of Waikoloa Beach Drive consisting of approximately 133.8 acres. “Area B” is currently comprised of vacant land, golf fairways not presently in use, a sewer pump station, the private Ala Ihi Way roadway, and a golf course clubhouse. A new SMA Use Permit and Change of Zone to a Project District zoning district are being sought concurrently to allow the future development of 900 multiple-family residential timeshare units, community support facilities (including a community center, convenience retail center, maintenance operations center, additional employee and other parking), golf support facilities (including relocation of the golf clubhouse and driving range, and a new cart path), public parks and paths (including two gateway parks and open space features and pedestrian paths) and related improvements and landscaping. “Area C”- Situated west and north of “Area B” and encompassing approximately 3.1 acres of land, comprised of vacant land and a pond that is accessory to the King’s Course, which is not presently in use. A new SMA Use Permit is being sought to -11- allow the future development of a new brackish water irrigation source and distribution system that will be developed to support the landscape irrigation needs of “Areas A and B.” 25. Surrounding Zoning/Land Uses: The proposed project area is located within the Waikoloa Beach Resort complex, which encompasses approximately 1,353 acres between the Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway and the ocean and includes open spaces (two, 18-hole golf courses and natural lava fields), three (3) resort hotels and timeshare developments, resort residential multi- and single-family units, two (2) commercial shopping centers, performance amphitheater, a golf clubhouse, a beach clubhouse and related improvements. Immediately to the north is the Mauna Lani Resort and adjacent to the south are undeveloped State-owned lands. 26. Coastal Hazards and Flood Zone: The subject properties are not located within the tsunami evacuation area and the FEMA FIRM map identifies the project site to be within Flood Zone X (areas determined by FEMA to be outside the 0.25% annual chance floodplain). 27. Land Study Bureau Soil Rating: The Land Study Bureau overall Master Productivity Rating classifies the soils within the project site as Class E or “Very Poor”. 28. ALISH: The Agricultural Lands of Imporatnce to the State of Hawaiʻi (ALISH) Map does not classify the soils within the project site. 29. Unexploded Ordinances (UXO): The Project Area, along with all of the resort, are part of some 91,000 acres of land known as the Waikoloa Maneuver Area that were used by the U. S. military for training exercises from 1943 to 1946. The resort is located within an area identified as Sector 17A. UXO reviews of Sector 17A in 2012 and 2013 found no munitions or explosives of concern and ranked it as a low hazard area. 30. Flora/Faunal Resources: The applicant submitted a Biological Survey report dated May 2021 by Geometrician Associates, LLC (see Appendix 3 of the application) that included results of field surveys conducted in May 2020 and November 2020 for the entirety of the project area and found the following: Habitats: According to data provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), there are no designated or proposed critical habitats for endangered plant or animal species located on or near the Waikoloa Beach Resort. -12- Flora: Of the 31 plant species that were detected during the study, seven (7) were indigenous and none were endemic or considered rare, threatened, and endangered (RTE) plant species. The study concluded that no federally listed threatened or endangered plant species appear to be present on the property, nor are there any rare plant species or uniquely valuable vegetation types. Fauna: 24 species of birds were detected during the survey. Two (2) federally listed threatened and endangered avian species (nēnē and aeʻo) and four (4) species of concern (ʻaukuʻu, ʻakekeke, ʻūlili and kōlea) were identified. Although not detected during the survey, it is possible that small numbers of the endangered endemic Hawaiian Petrel, the endangered band rumped storm petrel, and the threatened Newell’s shearwater birds fly over the area between the summer and fall seasons. The Hawaiian hoary bat, although not observed during the daytime surveys, are assumed to be present and have been detected in kiawe forest areas of West Hawaiʻi. The endangered Blackburn sphinx moth has been found at various locations throughout West Hawaiʻi. The survey observed one stand of tree tobacco in the project area which is the moth’s food source. The report recommended standard mitigation measures to protect the endangered species listed above that should be adhered to during construction and operation of the Kumu Hou Project. 31. Archaeological/ Historical Resources: Haun & Associates prepared a Draft Archeological Inventory Survey (AIS) for the project area in May 2021 (see Appendix 4 of the application) that identified 14 sites with a total of 418 features, all within the land identified as “Area B” of the Kumu Hou project area. The 14 sites include nine (9) sites previously identified in archaeological studies of the area and five (5) newly identified sites. The 14 sites include evidence of excavations, abraded surfaces, mounds, trail segments, battered pahoehoe, cairns, walls and C-shaped enclosures, lava blisters and tubes. The May 2021 AIS assessed all sites in the area as significant under criterion “d” (yielding information important for research on history or prehistory) and based on the documentation of the sites in the AIS, no further work was recommended. However, based on consultation with the representatives of the State Nā Ala Hele Trail & Access -13- Program (Nā Ala Hele) and Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program (Ala Kahakai), a revised AIS was prepared in August 2021. The revised AIS reconsidered treatment recommendations for two (2) sites (Site 26871 trail and portions of the Site 31230 trail, which were identified as part of a mauka-makai trail network) that were subsequently recommended for preservation via a Site Preservation Plan (Planning Department 9 – Revised Draft AIS by Haun and Associates dated August 2021). This revised AIS was submitted to SHPD for review. In the interim both Nā Ala Hele and Ala Kahakai submitted comments requesting additional revisions of the AIS to include the preservation of Site 26873, which they identified as the location of a previously excavated lava tube and other features on a pahoehoe rise. According to Ala Kahakai, within the overall trail network, the trails appear to link to the natural pahoehoe area and Site 26871, Site 31230 and possibly led makai bound trail users in the direction of the ancient Ala Loa and/or ʻAnaehoʻomalu Bay. Additionally, Ala Kahakai requested that the three (3) sites also be assessed as significant under criterion “e” (cultural value). Finally, both Ala Kahakai and Nā Ala Hele requested that the AIS memorialize further preservation agreements for a segment of the Ala Loa (aka Forerunner) trail, located outside of and adjacent to “Area A” of the proposed project area. These agreements include the removal of ironwood trees encroaching on the trail and within its existing 10- foot buffer, the removal of ironwood duff that blows onto the trail/buffer area, and the establishment of an additional 30-foot buffer and “vegetative transition” between the trail and any buildings that are proposed for sub-area “J2” of “Area A.” In response, the applicant submitted another revised draft AIS dated October 2021, agreeing to the requested preservation determination for Site 26873 and the additional significance assessment for the three sites now slated for preservation. In addition, the AIS recommends the development of a Site Preservation Plan (SPP) for SHPD and Planning Department review and approval affecting Sites 26871, 26873, and 31230 as well as addressing the maintenance agreements and updated buffer treatments related to the Ala Loa trail section in proximity to “Area A” (Planning Department Exhibit 10 – Revised Draft AIS by Haun and Associates dated October 2021). The October 2021 AIS was submitted to SHPD for approval; however, SHPD has not responded as of the date of this writing. Finally, none of the sites identified within the Kumu Hou project area are listed -14- on the State or National Registers of Historic Places. However, three (3) historic trails/trail segments in the vicinity of the project site are listed on the State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP), including the Ala Loa: Kīholo-Puako Trail (SIHP 50-10-10- 10308), Ala Loa Foot Trail (SIHP 50-10/11-11334), and Ala Loa (Kīholo-Puako Trail Segment) (SIHP 50-10-10-21173). Finally, the Ala Loa Trail is considered part of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail, which is listed on the Federal Register of Historic Places. 32. Cultural Resources: A Native Hawaiian Traditional and Customary Practices Assessment report was prepared by TCP Hawaiʻi, LLC (TCP), which was designed to identify valued cultural, historical, or natural resources in the project area and its general vicinity (see Appendix 5 of the application). Additionally, the report outlines the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights are practiced in the project area, the extent to which those resources would be affected or impaired by the proposed project, and feasible actions to be taken (if any) to protect native Hawaiian rights if they are found to exist. TCP conducted a records search and interviews of eight (8) “Key Informants” (including area cultural practitioners, members of local Hawaiian cultural groups, Hawaiian Homestead Associations and Civic Clubs, access trail experts and an archaeologist.) The report included the following: 1) given the distance from the shoreline, there would be no impacts to shoreline fishing and gathering; 2) there is a disagreement on the cultural, historical, and archaeological significance of the trails in the project area; 3) there is concern over as yet unidentified historic properties, including burials in the project area; 4) there is concern over the impact of the proposed project on subterranean freshwater aquifers in the project area, should they exist; and 5) the view plane of the general area will be adversely affected by the new project. Finally, the report made the following recommendations to address these concerns: 1) that the draft project AIS be submitted to SHPD for review and evaluation; 2) that SHPD, Nā Ala Hele and Ala Kahakai be further consulted by Haun and Associates to reach an agreement on the significance and mitigation of impacts to trails in the project area; and 3) that the project area be assessed by persons with expertise in subterranean hydrogeology in order to address the issues of a presence or absence of subterranean freshwater aquifers that some consider to be valued cultural resources. -15- 33. Public Access: Condition 6 of SMA 25 requires the applicant to provide public access as approved by the Director in perpetuity. The Director approved a Public Access and Parking Plan dated January 20, 1998, and the applicant has made access improvements as required by the plan including the provision of public restrooms, showers, and trails and parking to support access to ʻAnaehoʻomalu Bay and elsewhere along the shoreline, the King’s Trail, anchialine pond preserve areas, and other public recreational and cultural facilities. The proposed project area does not abut the shoreline and thus would not impair existing beach or shoreline access, rather, the proposed project is designed to expand and link public access from the existing facilities to the mauka resort area through new park and public access improvements. These include: 1) a new, 8-foot-wide pedestrian pathway planned to connect the northern and southern ends of Waikoloa Beach Drive via Ala Ihi Way; 2) two new gateway parks at the intersection of Ala Ihi Way/and the southern end of Waikoloa Beach Road; and 3) new pathways to the makai gateway park to provide multi-modal access to the Queens’ Marketplace, which will link to a sidewalk and other paths leading to the shoreline. A map of the existing and proposed public access facilities in the resort is included as Appendix 1, Exhibit 26 of the application. 34. Noise Impact: Y. Ebisu & Associates (Ebisu) conducted an Acoustic Study of Kumu Hou, which produced a report dated June 2021 (see Appendix 8 of the application). The study analyzed existing noise conditions related to resort operation and traffic and anticipated noise conditions related to the construction of and long-term conditions related to the Kumu Hou project. The report concluded that noise related to project construction (traffic and equipment noise) will cause temporary impacts, which can be mitigated by proper adherence to mitigation measures and DOH noise requirements imposed through permits for grading and construction. Furthermore, the report concluded that while noise levels related to increased traffic and the project are possible, it is not anticipated that the long-term noise impacts will be significant. 35. Air Quality/Dust: Terry A. Hayes Associates Inc. (TAHA) conducted an Air Quality Study for Kumu Hou which produced a report dated May 2021 (see Appendix 9 of the application). This report addresses the potential air pollution, air quality, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts of the project. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the -16- potential for adverse air quality effects associated with implementation of Kumu Hou. Air quality emissions are assessed for construction and operational activities. The study focused on air pollution from two (2) perspectives: 1) daily emissions and 2) pollutant concentrations. TAHA concludes that the Kumu Hou project should not generate any direct, long-term air quality impacts. 36. Water Quality: Tom Nance Water Resource Engineering (TNWRE) conducted a study examining the potential impacts of Kumu Hou on water resources of the area (see Appendix 6 of the application). The study found that the proposed project could impact water resources such as drinking water, wastewater, and the brackish water wells. According to the applicant, the project is anticipated to need approximately 520,900 gallons per day (GPD) of potable water (Area A and B only, Area C will not generate a demand for potable water). Drinking water for the project site will be obtained from the private Waikoloa Water System, whose source is extracted from wells located in the Waimea Aquifer System (WAS). At full buildout (c. 2042) the Kumu Hou development will require an increase of 0.52 to 0.54 million gallons per day (MGD) in potable water needs which accounts for a 10% increase from current withdrawal amounts. It is estimated the current pumpage from the WAS is approximately 13.2 MGD (from all sources) and the effective yield of the WAS is approximately 16.0 MGD. It is anticipated that the increase in water use will still be within acceptable amounts for the WAS. The Kumu Hou development will generate 0.38 MGD of wastewater which accounts for a 30% increase from current levels of wastewater production. Currently, the resort treats its wastewater to an appropriate standard (R-1) that can safely be used for irrigation of the golf course. Currently 17% of the irrigation water used at the golf course comes from treated wastewater; the proposed development will increase the use of wastewater for irrigation to 26% thus reducing the amount of water drawn from groundwater sources. Groundwater for the resort is taken from the ʻAnaehoʻomalu Aquifer System (AAS). It is estimated that the landscaped areas of Kumu Hou will require approximately 0.31 MGD for irrigation. A new brackish water irrigation system located in “Area C” will provide the needed water for landscaping irrigation thus reducing the need to extract potable water from the WAS for irrigation. The applicant believes the proposed elimination of -17- nine (9) existing fairways from the area will also help to offset the new demand on the AAS by reducing irrigation water demand amounts by between 0.3 to 1.0 MGD. Additionally, the applicant believes the increased production of wastewater and subsequent R-1 treated water for irrigation will not only help to offset withdrawals from the AAS, but the additional nutrients available from a higher mix of R-1 waters may also enable reduced fertilizer input at the golf course. TNWRE reports that the ongoing additions of nutrients to the groundwater system below the resort area that eventually discharges to the shoreline will be reduced using the R-1 water for irrigation (e.g., reduced need for additional nutrient inputs to irrigation water). 37. Coastal/Marine Resources: Marine waters located off the Waikoloa coastline in this area are classified as Class AA. The objective of the Class AA designation is to ensure these waters remain in their natural pristine state as nearly as possible with an absolute minimum of pollution or alteration of water quality from any human-caused source or action. While the proposed Kumu Hou project will be sited a significant distance from the shoreline, the potential exists for the project to affect the composition and volume of groundwater as well as altering the amount and composition of stormwater runoff towards the ocean. Condition 6 of the LUC Decision and Order A89-637 covering the mauka portion of the resort that includes the Kumu Hou project area required the establishment of a program to monitor groundwater and ocean water quality related to the development of the area. According to the latest Annual Progress Report for the LUC decision, the Waikoloa Beach Resort (WBR) Water Quality Monitoring Program has been in place since being approved by the Planning Department in 1988. This includes the development of subsequent programs in 1990 (1990 Water Quality and Marine Life Monitoring and Mitigation Plan for the Waikoloa Development) approved by the State DOH and Planning Department in 1992 and 1993 respectively and the submission of an updated environmental monitoring and mitigation plan in 2008 to the same agencies for review and approval. WBR has been submitting annual water quality and monitoring reports to the Department and DOH for the last three (3) decades in compliance with the program. For purposes of the Kumu Hou project, the applicant hired Marine Research Consultants, INC. (MCRI) to examine the potential impact of the project on nearshore and coastal -18- resources. A baseline marine environmental assessment and impact analysis for the nearshore area fronting the project site was conducted in 2020 to determine, 1) existing conditions, and 2) the contribution of groundwater to the marine environment (see Appendix 7 in the application). The study provided the following conclusions related to groundwater inputs and potential nearshore impacts. Water chemistry of the open coastal water samples included all of the specific constituents listed by the State Department of Health (DOH) for the West Coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi which has specific water quality standards. Samples were also taken from brackish water wells that supply irrigation water to the Waikoloa Beach Resort. The amounts and patterns of dissolved inorganic and total nutrients indicate a groundwater input to the ocean, producing a zone of mixing such that the nearshore water is a mix of ocean and groundwater. A hydrographic mixing model was used to indicate the relative contributions of nutrients from natural groundwater and land-based (i.e., fertilizer use) sources. The study indicated that while there was a consistent input of Nitrate (NO3) to the ocean at Honokaʻope and Waialua Bays, none was noted at ʻAnaehoʻomalu Bay. The presence of nitrates in ocean water have been documented at many areas downslope of resort areas, a likely result of fertilizer leaching into the groundwater system. Surveys of marine communities in each of the three bays reveal a well-developed coral community in ʻAnaehoʻomalu and Honokaʻope Bays which may indicate that any nutrients that may occur in groundwater flowing to the shoreline is either rapidly mixed with ocean water, or is confined to a low-salinity lens, such that there were no notable impacts to benthic biotic communities. In Waialua Bay there is a reduction in salinity that the applicant attributes to the physical structure of the bay which has led to a lack of corals in this area. The applicant believes that the proposed project will equate to a reduction in nutrients reaching nearshore waters due in part to decreasing the size of the golf course, and the increased use of R-1 treated water for irrigation which will reduce the direct input of fertilizers for the golf course. The applicant has stated that the implementation of “prudent BMPs” should minimize any noticeable alteration of the physical, chemical, or biotic process within the adjacent marine waters. BMPs for Kumu Hou include the use of drywells or seepage pits -19- (estimated by the preliminary engineering report to require 124 of the drainage facilities) to address on-site drainage and not direct any stormwater towards the ocean or anchialine ponds. Additional BMPs include directing excess storm and irrigation water to landscaped areas where the ground is “more permeable”; compliance with the County Grading Ordinance which covers erosion; promoting the use of automatic irrigation systems; and the use of drought tolerant and area specific native species for landscaping. 38. Recreational Resources: The existing public recreational resources within the WBR include lateral shoreline public access within a 60-foot shoreline setback area, public parking, and access to ʻAnaehoʻomalu Bay, the King’s Trail, sections of the Ala Loa Trail, anchialine pond preserve areas, and myriad other public recreational and cultural facilities largely located within the makai portion of the WBR. Management of these resources will continue to be directed by conditions of SMA 25 and adopted management plans required therein. Additionally, the resort consists of private recreational resources including 36-holes of golf and related amenities across two (2) existing courses, nine (9) holes of which are being repurposed for the Kumu Hou project. According to the application, the Kumu Hou project is intended to enhance recreational resources within the WBR by adding at least three (3) acres of parks and pedestrian paths (as discussed in Section 33-Public Access of this report) while providing linkages from the proposed facilities within Kumu Hou to the existing recreational resources/facilities on the makai portion of the resort. 39. Scenic and Open Space Resources: The Natural Beauty element of the General Plan lists two (2) sites related to the proposed Kumu Hou project, the ʻAnaehoʻomalu Bay area and the view planes along Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway looking mauka and makai. The General Plan indicates it is important that man made elements are kept in an aesthetic perspective with the physical surroundings in order to preserve these areas and view planes as irreplaceable public trust assets for future generations. Based on the preceding, the applicant conducted a Visual Impact Analysis to evaluate existing views and potential future conditions from seven (7) different vantage points. The analysis addressed views from Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway, from within the Resort on public shared-use paths, and views near ʻAnaehoʻomalu Bay (see Appendix 10 of the application). The analysis concluded that given the existing physical characteristics of the area (natural lava -20- berming at the highway and undulating terrain of ʻaʻā lava fields), the development of Kumu Hou is not anticipated to significantly impact coastal/ocean views from Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway. Furthermore, due to the distance from the shoreline, existing vegetation, and proposed height of new structures, views of surrounding peaks and mountains are not expected to be significantly impacted. The project area is not visible from any of the points tested along the shoreline within the resort, therefore the project is not expected to impact mauka-facing views from ʻAnaehoʻomalu Bay. The study also proposed further means of mitigating visual impacts including restricting height of structures (45 feet for residential structures and 30 for commercial/community structures), careful selection and placement of landscaping, and developing structures with earth-toned and non-reflective materials. Additionally, the applicant is proposing to install all utility lines underground and all planned construction is proposed to occur at least 800 feet makai of Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway as required by the LUC Decision and Order requiring an 800-foot buffer from the highway to be encumbered by a conservation easement (see setback map in Figure 3. Conceptual Highway Setback Areas of Exhibit 6 of this report). PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES 40. Access: Access to the Waikola Beach Resort is from Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway, which is a major State owned and maintained highway, which is generally two-lanes with wide shoulders in the vicinity of the resort. Access through the resort is via Waikoloa Beach Drive, a two-way, two-lane private roadway that makes a “U” through the resort, serving as its primary roadway and intersects Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway to the north and south. Both the north and south intersections of Waikoloa Beach Drive and Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway are signalized and improved with an exclusive left-turn lane and channelized right-turn lanes on to Waikoloa Beach Drive. Access to the three (3) project areas are as follows: “Area A” consists of three (3) sub-areas: “J1” and “J2”, which will include the proposed 264 multi-family time share units and related improvements and “L2” which is proposed to include 25 single-family lots. Access to sub-areas: “J1” and “J2” will be from Waikoloa Beach Drive (North) via Puakala Place, an existing, two-way, two-lane private roadway that currently accesses a Hilton Grand -21- Vacations operations center. This roadway is shown on the public access plan as a “Proposed Roadway with Sidewalks.” Access to sub-area L2 will be via an easement over a proposed roadway through the ʻĀinamalu residential subdivision being developed to the north of “Area A”. “Area B” including 900 multi-family timeshare units and community center/commercial facilities is conceptually planned from two points on Waikoloa Beach Drive (North) that link to an internal road with proposed sidewalk facilities. The first access point would be approximately 1,100 feet makai of the northernmost intersection of Waikoloa Beach Drive (North) and Queen Kaʻahumanu highway, a signalized intersection. The second access point would be approximately 4,400 feet makai of that, or approximately 400 feet mauka of the intersection of Waikoloa Beach Drive (North) and Ala Ihi Way. Access to the proposed parks, golf facilities, and operational facilities is conceptually planned from Ala Ahi way at its intersection with Waikoloa Beach Drive (South). Access to “Area C” (brackish water irrigation wells and distribution) will be via private roadways/driveways from Waikoloa Beach Drive (North). 41. Traffic: A Traffic Impact Report (TIR) dated June 2021 for the Kumu Hou project was conducted by Wilson Okamoto Corporation (WOC) (see Appendix 2-Appendix D of the application). The TIR assessed the impacts of “Areas A and B” only as “Area C’ is not expected to generate any meaningful traffic. The TIR studied three (3) intersections in the vicinity of Kumu Hou including at Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway/Waikoloa Beach Drive (South); Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway/Waikoloa Beach Drive (North); and Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway/Mauna Lani Drive. According to the TIR, AM peak hour traffic occurs between 7:30 and 8:30 AM and PM peak hour traffic occurs from 3:30 to 4:30 PM. All three intersections currently operate at acceptable levels (between LOS A and LOS D) in the AM and PM peak hours. It should be noted that due to the ongoing Covid- 19 pandemic at the time of the study, data used for the analysis was collected in 2019 at traffic count survey stations along the highway and at Waikoloa Road. For purposes of traffic impact analysis, Kumu Hou was assumed to be fully built-out by 2045. In addition to the timeshare, residential, and other facilities identified, the project would entail new internal roadways to provide access through the sites and connections to the existing -22- Waikoloa Beach Drive. Synergies between the proposed and existing uses within the resort are expected to reduce external trips outside of the resort. The TIR found that at full buildout by 2045, Kumu Hou could be expected to generate 356 and 430 new vehicular trips during the project’s AM and PM peak hours, respectively. The TIR concluded that while the LOS ratings along Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway could be worse in 2045 compared to 2019, these declines are expected to be the result of regional growth rather than Kumu Hou’s development. The TIR provides several recommendations to mitigate traffic impacts including providing adequate site distance, providing adequate loading and turn-around areas for service, delivery and refuse collection vehicles, sufficient turning radii, wayfinding/destination signage, improved pedestrian facilities including ADA sidewalks, shared use and other facilities, bicycle facilities, shuttle services, and the preparation of additional traffic studies to verify projected traffic after the completion of the 676 residential/timeshare unit or if project conditions should change significantly. In a letter dated September 10, 2021, the State DOT disagreed with some of the TIRs findings and analysis and provided several recommendations for updating the TIR, including revising the study to exclude the yet to be programmed widening of Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway, further justification of TIR findings, mitigation requirements, regional improvement requirements, clarifying follow-up activities, implementation commitments, timing of TIAR updates, permitting triggers and fair share agreements for regional improvements, and other standard DOT requirements. According to the applicant, upon subsequent consultation with their traffic engineer, the TIR analysis included the widening of Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway in the Year 2045, at full project buildout, and not sooner which would have negatively impacted level of service within the first five (5) years of the project. Thus, the TIR meets Zoning Code (Section 25-2-46) concurrency requirements, and the applicant has committed to submitting an updated TIAR as recommended in the TIR. This new study would provide an updated traffic baseline and update findings and proposed mitigation based on the new data for review and approval by the Planning Department in consultation with DOT . 42. Potable Water: There is no County Department of Water Supply system in the area, instead, potable water for the resort and Waikoloa Village is provided by the private -23- Waikoloa Water System which is owned and operated by the Hawaiʻi Water Service Company (HWSC), with service provided by its subsidiary West Hawaiʻi Utility Company (WHUC). The Waikoloa Water System is supplied by seven (7) wells located inland of Waikoloa Village that draw water from the Waimea Aquifer. According to the Assessment of Potential Impacts on Water Resources study conducted by Tom Nance Water Resources Engineering dated June 2021, the project at full buildout is anticipated to require an additional 537,150 GPD which would constitute a 15% increase in potable water used by the resort. According to the same report, the additional draw from the Waimea Aquifer would increase from an average of 13.2 MGD to 13.74 MGD, which is less than the sustainable yield of 16 MGD set by the Commission on Water Resources Management (CWRM) in their 2019 Water Resources Plan Update. Thus, it is unlikely that the additional water required for the project will have an adverse effect on the aquifer. The project area is served by two (2) 12-inch diameter waterlines. The proposed water system will connect to the line within the northern part of Waikoloa Beach Drive. By letter dated June 8, 2021, HWSC indicated the willingness and ability to serve the Kumu Hou project with potable water subject to the execution of an extension agreement and payment of a Contribution in Aid of Construction (see Appendix 14 of the application). 43. Project Related Irrigation: Groundwater at the WBR is derived from the ʻAnaehoʻomalu Aquifer System, including existing brackish water wells developed for irrigation purposes. The landscaped areas of the Kumu Hou project area are estimated to require about 0.31 MGD for irrigation. To accommodate this need, the Kumu Hou project includes a new proposed brackish water irrigation system (including two wells and distribution system) to be located in “Area C”. This improvement will eliminate the reliance on potable water for irrigation purposes within the project area. Additionally, the applicant estimates that repurposing of nine fairways, of which an estimated 59.9 acres have been irrigated, should offset this new demand and the overall withdrawal of groundwater at the resort is expected to decline by an estimated 0.3 to 1.0 MGD. The reduced need for groundwater is also attributable to the increased production of wastewater, which will allow the resort’s remaining 27 fairways to be irrigated with a -24- combination R-1 treated wastewater (as discussed below) and brackish groundwater from the proposed irrigation system within “Area C.”. 44. Wastewater: Wastewater facilities for the Waikoloa Beach Resort complex are similarly provided by the Hawaiʻi Water Service Company (HWSC), which operates the Waikoloa Beach Resort Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), and two sewer pump stations that serve the resort. “Area A” will connect to the existing 8-inch sewer line along Puakala Place. “Area B” will connect to the existing sewer pump station along Ala Ihi Way. The total wastewater output for the proposed project (from both “Areas A and B”) is estimated at approximately 380,000 GPD. HWSC indicated in a January 2021 letter (Appendix 14 of the application) that they would be able to serve Kumu Hou’s anticipated wastewater needs. Additionally, all of the wastewater produced by the project will be directed to the Waikoloa Beach Resort Wastewater Reclamation Facility to be treated to an R-1 recycled water standard that can be used without restriction for irrigation. The applicant intends to use this R-1 water on the resorts remaining 27-hole golf complex. 45. Solid Waste: Solid waste generated on the property will be disposed of at the Puʻuanahulu Landfill located about 1.5 miles to the southeast. During the course of preparing the land for this project, the applicant intends to retain and use much of the existing material within the project area. 46. Parks: There is no County park facility in the immediate area. The closest County park complex is located mauka of Queen Kaʻahumanu Highway in the Waikoloa Village area. The applicant proposes to incorprate two (2) community public parks including active and passive recreational facilities at the corner of Ala Ihi Way and Waikoloa Beach Drive, along with new public access, pedestrian paths, and sidewalks within the project area totaling approximately three (3) acres of land. 47. Public Schools: Given the transient nature of the proposed timeshare developments, it is unlikely that the project would have a significant impact on public educational facilities, however, the public education needs of any children associated with Kumu Hou would be served by Waikoloa Elementary, Waikoloa Middle School, and Kealakehe High School which are located further south, in close proximity to the resort. By letter dated September 22, 2021, the State Department of Education (DOE) indicated that the three -25- schools mentioned above are and will continue to operate at capacity for the next five (5) years. Furthermore, DOE estimated that nine (9) public school students would reside in the project area. Finally, the letter indicated that while the project is situated within the West Hawaiʻi School Impact Fee District, it is exempt from paying impact fees as the project is covered under a completed Educational Contribution Agreement (ECA) that required Waikoloa Land Company to dedicate a 12-acre school site, upon which Waikoloa Elementary and Middle School were constructed. 48. Other Essential Utilities and Services: Police services are provided from the Waimea station while backups are available from Kapaʻau in North Kohala and Kailua-Kona with response times between 15 and 45 minutes. Fire services are available about three (3) miles to the north. Backup services are also available from Waikoloa Village, Waimea, and Kailua-Kona, with a response time of 10 to 30 minutes. Emergency services can also be provided through the Fire Department’s emergency medical unit located at the fire station north of the property. According to a comment memo from the Police Department, the increase in population resulting from the 1,000+ time share units will lead to an increased burden on public safety services such as police and fire/ rescue. The nearest hospital is located in Waimea. Electrical services will be provided by Hawaiian Electric. All other essential utilities and services are available to the property. AGENCIES’ COMMENTS 49. Department of Public Works – Engineering Division (Planning Department Exhibit 11 - October 12, 2021 Memo). 50. Department of Environmental Management (Planning Department Exhibit 12 - August 18, 2021 Memo). 51. Police Department (Planning Department Exhibit 13 - August 24, 2021 Memo). 52. Fire Department (Planning Department Exhibit 14 - August 17, 2021 Memo). 53. State Department of Health (Planning Department Exhibit 15 - August 18, 2021 Memo). 54. State Department of Transportation (Planning Department Exhibit 16 - September 10, 2021 Letter). 55. State Department of Education (Planning Department Exhibit 17 - September 16, 2021 Letter). -26- 56. State Office of Planning and Sustainable Development (Planning Department Exhibit 18 - September 15, 2021 Letter). 57. State Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) – State Historic Preservation Division (Planning Department Exhibit 19 – September 29, 2021 Hawaii Cultural Resource Information System Screenshot). 58. DLNR –Nā Ala Hele Trails and Access Program (Planning Department Exhibit 20 – September 16, 2021 Letter). 59. National Park Service – Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail (Planning Department Exhibit 21 – September 17, 2021 Letter). 60. US Fish and Wildlife Service (Planning Department Exhibit 22 – September 10, 2021 Letter). AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS – NO COMMENT/CONCERNS 61. Department of Public Works – Traffic Division, Department of Water Supply, Civil Defense, Parks & Recreation, Office of Housing and Community Development, South Kohala Traffic Safety Committee, State Land Use Commission, DLNR – Engineering Division, Land Division and Commission on Water Resources Management. APPLICANT’S RESPONSE TO AGENCY 62. Letter dated September 29, 2021 from PBR Hawaii and Associates, Inc. (PBR) in response to State DOT (Planning Department Exhibit 23). 63. Letters dated September 29, 2021 and October 4, 2021 from PBR in response to Nā Ala Hele Trails and Access Program (Planning Department Exhibit 24). 64. Letters dated September 29, 2021 and October 4, 2021 from PBR in response to Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail (Planning Department Exhibit 25). 65. Letter dated October 1, 2021 from PBR in response to Fire Department’s comments (Planning Department Exhibit 26). 66. Letter dated October 1, 2021 from PBR in response to State DOE (Planning Department Exhibit 27). 67. Letter dated October 1, 2021 from PBR in response to the State Office of Planning and Sustainable Development (Planning Department Exhibit 28). 68. Letter dated October 1, 2021 from PBR in response to the Hawaiʻi County Police Department (Planning Department Exhibit 29). -27- 69. Letter dated October 1, 2021 from PBR in response to the State Department of Health (Planning Department Exhibit 30). 70. Letter dated October 1, 2021 from PBR in response to the Department of Environmental Management (Planning Department Exhibit 31). 71. Letter dated October 1, 2021 from PBR in response to the US Fish and Wildlife Comments (Planning Department Exhibit 32). PUBLIC COMMENTS 72. Email dated August 25, 2021 from Tlaloc Tokuda to Planning Department (Planning Department Exhibit 33). 73. Email dated August 26, 2021 from Gary Buffo to PBR (Planning Department Exhibit 34). 74. Email dated August 26, 2021 from Raven Slaughter to Planning Department (Planning Department Exhibit 35). 75. Email dated August 28, 2021 from Marjorie Erway to Planning Department (Planning Department Exhibit 36). 76. Email dated August 31, 2021 from Gloria Palmer to Planning Department (Planning Department Exhibit 37). 77. Email dated September 1, 2021 from Gretchen Grove to Planning Department (Planning Department Exhibit 38). 78. Email dated September 9, 2021 from Richard Rocker to Planning Department (Planning Department Exhibit 39). 79. Email dated September 11, 2021 from Lucia Salazar to PBR (Planning Department Exhibit 40). 80. Email dated November 1, 2021 from Lynn Rostau to Planning Department (Planning Department Exhibit 41). APPLICANT’S RESPONSE TO PUBLIC COMMENTS 81. Letter dated October 1, 2021 from PBR to Planning Department in response to Public Comments (Planning Department Exhibit 42). §25-5-26 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE 25-78 (3)On a building site with a required area of twenty thousand square feet ormore:(A)Front and rear yards, twenty-five feet; and(B)Side yards, fifteen feet.(1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 1997, ord 97-88, sec 2.)25-5-266 Section 25-5-27. Other regulations. (a)There may be more than one double-family dwelling or more than two single-familydwellings or any combination thereof on each building site in the RD district;provided that the minimum land area requirement for each dwelling unit is met.(b)There shall be at least fifteen feet between the exterior walls of each main structureon the same building site in the RD district.(c)Plan approval shall be required for all new buildings and additions to existingbuildings in the RD district, except for construction of one single-family dwellingand any accessory buildings per lot.(d)Exceptions to the regulations for the RD district regarding heights, building siteareas, building site average widths and yards, may be approved by the commissionwithin a planned unit development.(1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2005, ord 05-155, sec 3; am 2015, ord 15-33, sec 4.)25-5-27 Division 3. RM, Multiple-Family Residential Districts. Section 25-5-30. Purpose and applicability. The RM (multiple-family residential) district provides for medium and high density residential use. It covers areas with full community facilities and services. It may occupy transition areas between commercial or industrial areas and other districts of less intense land use. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-30 Section 25-5-31. Designation and density of RM districts. (a)Each RM (multiple-family residential) district shall be designated on the zoningmap by the symbol “RM” followed by a number which indicates the required landarea, in thousands of square feet, for each dwelling unit or for each separaterentable unit in the case of boarding, rooming, or lodging houses, fraternity orsorority houses.(b)In case any of the permitted uses have dormitories, two beds shall be equivalent toone separate rentable unit for purposes related to the required land area in the RMdistrict.(c)The maximum density designation in the RM district shall be .75 or seven hundredfifty square feet of land area per dwelling unit or separate rentable unit.(d)In the RM district the following density designations shall be used: .75, 1, 1.5, 2,2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 and upward in 0.5 increments.(1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-31 ZONING § 25-5-32 25-79 SUPP. 6 (7-2019) Section 25-5-32. Permitted uses. (a) The following uses shall be permitted in the RM district: (1) Adult day care homes. (2) Bed and breakfast establishments, as permitted under section 25-4-7. (3) Boarding facilities, rooming, or lodging houses. (4) Cemeteries and mausoleums, as permitted under chapter 6, article 1 of this Code. (5) Commercial or personal service uses, on a small scale, as approved by the director, provided that the total gross floor area does not exceed one thousand two hundred square feet and a maximum of five employees. (6) Community buildings, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (7) Crop production. (8) Dwellings, double-family or duplex. (9) Dwellings, multiple-family. (10) Dwellings, single-family. (11) Family child care homes. (12) Group living facilities. (13) Home occupations, as permitted under section 25-4-13. (14) Meeting facilities. (15) Model homes, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (16) Neighborhood parks, playgrounds, tennis courts, swimming pools, and similar neighborhood recreational areas and uses. (17) Public uses and structures, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (18) Short-term vacation rentals situated in any of the following: (A) General plan resort and resort node areas. (B) Outside the general plan resort and resort node areas, in multiple family dwellings within a condominium property regime as defined and governed by chapters 514A or 514B, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes. (19) Temporary real estate offices, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (20) Time share units situated in any of the following: (A) Areas designated as resort under the general plan land use pattern allocation guide (LUPAG) map. (B) Areas determined by the director to be within resort areas identified by the general plan land use element, except for retreat resort areas. (C) Areas determined for such use by the council, by resolution. (21) Utility substations, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (b) In addition to those uses permitted under subsection (a) above, the following uses may be permitted in the RM district, provided that a use permit is issued for each use: (1) Care homes. (2) Churches, temples and synagogues. (3) Crematoriums, funeral homes, funeral services, and mortuaries. (4) Day care centers. § 25-5-32 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE SUPP. 7 (1-2020) 25-80 (5) Golf courses and related golf course uses, including golf driving ranges, golf maintenance buildings and golf club houses, provided that the property is within the state land use urban or rural district. Golf courses and golf driving ranges shall not be permitted within the state land use agricultural district unless approved by the County before July 1, 2005. (6) Hospitals, sanitariums, old age, convalescent, nursing and rest homes. (7) Schools. (8) Telecommunication antennas and towers. (9) Yacht harbors and boating facilities. (c) Buildings and uses normally considered directly accessory to the uses permitted in this section shall also be permitted in the RM district. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2012, ord 12-28, sec 5; am 2014, ord 14-86, sec 5; am 2018, ord 18-114, sec 7; am 2019, ord 19-100, sec 5.)25-5-32 Section 25-5-33. Height limit. (a) In areas in the County outside of the City of Hilo, the height limit in the RM district shall be forty-five feet. (b) In the City of Hilo, the height limit in the RM district shall be one hundred twenty feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-33 Section 25-5-34. Minimum building site area. The minimum building site in the RM district shall be seven thousand five hundred square feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-34 Section 25-5-35. Minimum building site average width. Each building site in the RM district shall have a minimum average width of sixty feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-35 Section 25-5-36. Minimum yards. Minimum yards in the RM district shall be as follows: (1) Front and rear yards, twenty feet; and (2) Side yards, eight feet for a one-story building, plus an additional two feet for each additional story. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified 1999, ord 96-160, sec 1.)25-5-36 Section 25-5-37. Landscaping. Landscaping shall be provided on a minimum of twenty percent of the total land area of any building site in the RM district, except for lots containing only one single-family dwelling and accessory buildings. Parking areas shall not be included within the area required for landscaping on any building site. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999, am 2005, ord 05-155, sec 4.)25-5-37 ZONING § 25-5-38 25-81 Section 25-5-38. Other regulations. (a) There may be more than one main building on any building site in the RM district. (b) Distance between main buildings on the same building site in the RM district shall be at least fifteen feet. (c) Plan approval shall be required for all new buildings and additions to existing buildings in the RM district, except for construction of one single-family dwelling and any accessory buildings per lot. (d) Exceptions to the regulations for the RM district regarding heights, building site areas, building site average widths and yards, may be approved by the commission within a planned unit development. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2005, ord 05-155, sec 5; am 2015, ord 15-33, sec 4.)25-5-38 Division 4. RCX, Residential-Commercial Mixed Use Districts. Section 25-5-40. Purpose and applicability. The RCX (residential-commercial mixed use) district provides for the mixing of some small-scale service type commercial uses in a district that is primarily residential in character. The intent of this district is to allow a residential area to have certain convenience type of commercial uses so as to provide more of a neighborhood character to the residential area. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-40 Section 25-5-41. Designation and density of RCX districts. (a) Each RCX (residential-commercial mixed use) district shall be designated on the zoning map by the symbol “RCX” followed by a number which indicates the required land area, in thousands of square feet for each dwelling unit, or for each separate rentable unit in the case of boarding, rooming, or lodging houses, fraternity or sorority houses, or for each commercial unit. (b) In case any of the permitted uses have dormitories, two beds shall be equivalent to one separate rentable unit for purposes related to the required land area in the RCX district. (c) The maximum density designation in the RCX district shall be .75 which means seven hundred fifty square feet of land area per dwelling unit or separate rentable unit. (d) In the RCX district the following density designations shall be used: .75, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 and upward in 0.5 increments. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-41 Section 25-5-42. Permitted uses. (a) The following uses shall be permitted in the RCX district: (1) Adult day care homes. (2) Bed and breakfast establishments, as permitted under section 25-4-7. (3) Boarding facilities, rooming, or lodging houses. ZONING §25-4-68 25-73 Section 25-4-68. Grounds for approval or denial. The director shall approve an application for recognition of a de minimis structure position discrepancy unless: (a)The discrepancy is greater than the difference as allowed by the de minimisstructure position discrepancy definition, or(b)The director finds that the improvement was placed with knowledge that it wouldviolate the minimum yard or open space requirements; or(c)The improvement could be moved, or the discrepancy otherwise corrected, withoutsignificant expense, difficulty, or hardship to the applicant.(2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.)25-4-68 Section 25-4-69. Recognition of de minimis structure position discrepancy. If the director accepts the application for recognition of de minimis structure position discrepancy, the director shall notify the applicant in writing that the discrepancy is not a violation of the zoning code and that it may remain in place without a variance. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.)25-4-69 Section 25-4-70. Disclosure. A de minimis structure position discrepancy shall be disclosed by the owner to subsequent purchasers of the property in question. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.)25-4-70 Section 25-4-71. Appeals. The director’s decision with respect to a de minimis structure position discrepancy is appealable to the board of appeals. (2002, ord 02-70, sec 3.)25-4-71 Article 5. Zoning District Regulations. Division 1. RS, Single-Family Residential Districts. Section 25-5-1. Purpose and applicability. The RS (single-family residential) district provides for lower or low and medium density residential use, for urban and suburban family life. It applies to areas having facilities, and to carry out the above stated purpose. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-1 Section 25-5-2. Designation of RS districts. Each RS (single-family residential) district shall be designated on the zoning map by the symbol “RS” followed by a number which specifies the required minimum building site area in thousands of square feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-2 § 25-5-3 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE SUPP. 7 (1-2020) 25-74 Section 25-5-3. Permitted uses. (a) The following uses shall be permitted in the RS district: (1) Adult day care homes. (2) Cemeteries and mausoleums, as permitted under chapter 6, article 1 of this Code. (3) Community buildings, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (4) Crop production. (5) Dwellings, single-family. (6) Family child care homes. (7) Group living facilities. (8) Home occupations, as permitted under section 25-4-13. (9) Meeting facilities. (10) Model homes, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (11) Neighborhood parks, playgrounds, tennis courts, swimming pools, and similar neighborhood recreational areas and uses. (12) Public uses and structures, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (13) Short-term vacation rentals situated in the general plan resort and resort node areas. (14) Temporary real estate offices, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (15) Utility substations, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (b) In addition to those uses permitted under subsection (a) above, the following uses may be permitted in the RS district, provided that a use permit is issued for each use: (1) Bed and breakfast establishments as permitted under section 25-4-7. (2) Care homes. (3) Churches, temples and synagogues. (4) Crematoriums, funeral homes, funeral services, and mortuaries. (5) Day care centers. (6) Golf courses and related golf course uses, including golf driving ranges, golf maintenance buildings and golf club houses, provided that the property is within the state land use urban or rural district. Golf courses and golf driving ranges shall not be permitted within the state land use agricultural district unless approved by the County before July 1, 2005. (7) Hospitals, sanitariums, old age, convalescent, nursing and rest homes. (8) Schools. (9) Telecommunication antennas and towers. (10) Yacht harbors and boating facilities. (c) Buildings and uses normally considered directly accessory to the uses permitted in this section shall also be permitted in the RS district. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2012, ord 12-28, sec 3; am 2014, ord 14-86, sec 3; am 2018, ord 18-114, sec 5; am 2019, ord 19-100, sec 3.)25-5-3 Section 25-5-4. Height limit. The height limit in the RS district shall be thirty-five feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-4 ZONING § 25-5-5 25-75 Section 25-5-5. Minimum building site area. The minimum building site area in the RS district shall be seven thousand five hundred square feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-5 Section 25-5-6. Minimum building site average width. Each building site in the RS district shall have a minimum average width of sixty feet, plus two feet for each five hundred square feet of required building site area in excess of seven thousand five hundred square feet, except that no building site shall be required to have an average width of more than one hundred fifty feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-6 Section 25-5-7. Minimum yards. The minimum yards in the RS district shall be as follows: (1) On a building site with a required area of seven thousand five hundred square feet to and including nine thousand nine hundred ninety-nine square feet: (A) Front and rear yards, fifteen feet; and (B) Side yards, eight feet. (2) On a building site with a required area of ten thousand square feet to and including nineteen thousand nine hundred ninety-nine square feet: (A) Front and rear yards, twenty feet; and (B) Side yards, ten feet. (3) On a building site with a required area of twenty thousand square feet or more: (A) Front and rear yards, twenty-five feet; and (B) Side yards, fifteen feet. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 1997, ord 97-88, sec 1.)25-5-7 Section 25-5-8. Other regulations. (a) There may be more than one single-family dwelling on each building site in an RS district provided there is not less than the required minimum building site area for each dwelling. (b) One guest house, in addition to a single-family dwelling, may be located on any building site in the RS district. (c) An ohana dwelling may be located on any building site in the RS district, as permitted under article 6, division 3 of this chapter. (d) If a legal building site in the RS district has less area or average width than is required, then the yard requirements for the building site shall be the same as in the RS district having the largest requirements for which the building site can comply. (e) Exceptions to the regulations for the RS district regarding heights, building site areas, building site average widths and yards, may be approved by the commission within a planned unit development, or by the director within a cluster plan development. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2015, ord 15-33, sec 3.)25-5-8 §25-6-39.6 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE 25-136 (c)The applicant may, within thirty days after receipt of the proposed revocationnotice, appeal the revocation notice to the board of appeals as provided by section6-9.2, County Charter and sections 25-2-20 through 25-2-24. An appeal to the boardof appeals shall stay the provisions of the director’s order pending the final decisionof the board of appeals.(1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2001, ord 01-108, sec 1; am 2011, ord 11-103, sec 13.)25-6-39.6 Section 25-6-39.7. Appeals. Any person aggrieved by the decision of the director in the issuance of an ohana dwelling permit decision, except for a decision regarding the duration of a permit under section 25-6-39.2, may appeal the director’s action to the board of appeals, in accordance with this chapter, within thirty days after the date of the director’s written decision. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-39.7 Division 4. Project Districts (PD). Section 25-6-40. Purpose and applicability. The project district (PD) development is intended to provide for a flexible and creative planning approach rather than specific land use designations, for quality developments. It will also allow for flexibility in location of specific uses and mixes of structural alternatives. The planning approach would establish a continuity in land uses and designs while providing for a comprehensive network of infrastructural facilities and systems. A variety of uses as well as open space, parks, and other project uses are intended to be in accord with each individual project district objective. A project district is an amendment to this chapter which changes the district boundaries in accordance with the individual project district. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-40 Section 25-6-41. Criteria for establishing a project district. A project district may be established as an amendment to this chapter whenever the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare require that a comprehensive planning approach for an area should be adopted in order to establish a continuity in land uses and designs while providing a comprehensive network of infrastructural facilities and systems. In addition, a project district may only be established if the proposed district: (1)Is consistent with the intent and purpose of this chapter and the Countygeneral plan; and(2)Will not result in a substantial adverse impact upon the surrounding area,community or region.(1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-41 ZONING § 25-6-42 25-137 Section 25-6-42. Minimum land area required. The minimum land area required for a project district shall be fifty acres. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-42 Section 25-6-43. Permitted uses. Any uses permitted either directly or conditionally in the RS, RD, RM, RCX, CN, CG, CV or V districts shall be permitted in a project district; provided, that each of the proposed uses and the overall densities for residential and hotel uses shall be contained in a master plan for the project district and in the project district enabling ordinance. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-43 Section 25-6-44. Application for project district; requirements. (a) An application for a project district may be filed by a property owner or any other person with the property owner’s consent. The application shall be on a form prescribed for this purpose by the director and shall be accompanied by: (1) A filing fee of $5,000. (2) A description of the property in sufficient detail to determine its precise location. (3) A master conceptual plan of the property, showing the project district boundaries and the land uses and acreage of land involved. (4) A description of the proposed project district, including land uses, densities, infrastructural requirements, and development standards. (5) A description of each of the open space areas proposed for the project district for cultural and/or environmental purposes, including those open space areas preserved because of natural hazards. (6) A metes and bounds description of the property prepared by a surveyor. (7) A list of the names, addresses and tax map key numbers for those property owners and lessees of record of surrounding properties who are required to receive notice under section 25-2-4. (8) A County environmental report; provided that a County environmental report shall not be required where an environmental impact statement or an environmental assessment and negative declaration have been prepared and issued in compliance with chapter 343, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes, as amended. (9) Any other plans or information required by rules adopted by the director in accordance with chapter 91, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes. (b) The applicant shall serve notice of the application for project district on surrounding owners and lessees of record as provided by section 25-2-4. The applicant shall also post a sign for public notification on the property as provided by section 25-2-12. § 25-6-44 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE 25-138 (c) Within one hundred twenty days after a project district application has been accepted by the director, the director shall forward the application to the commission, together with the director’s recommendation on the proposed project district, and together with a proposed project district ordinance which establishes the project district and provides project district standards and conditions, including permitted land uses, accessory uses, densities, heights, setbacks, and variances from the requirements of this chapter, and from chapter 23 (subdivision control), if applicable, as contained in the master conceptual plan for the project district. (d) The commission shall review any project district application and shall forward its recommendation on the application to the council through the mayor for the council’s consideration and action. (1) In reviewing the application, the commission shall hold at least one public hearing in the district in which the proposed project district is located. The commission shall provide reasonable notice of the date of the hearing to the applicant. The commission shall also publish notice of the hearing in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. (2) Within ten days after receiving notice of the date of the public hearing, the applicant shall serve notice of the hearing on surrounding owners and lessees of record as provided by section 25-2-4. The applicant shall also serve notice on owners and lessees of record of interests in other properties which the commission may find to be directly affected by the proposed project district. (3) Within ninety days after receipt of the application from the director, unless a longer period is agreed to by the applicant, the commission shall transmit the proposed project district ordinance together with its recommendation thereon through the mayor to the council. The commission shall recommend approval in whole or in part, with or without modifications, or rejection of such proposal. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2005, ord 05-136, sec 8; am 2012, ord 12-90, sec 2.)25-6-44 Section 25-6-45. Conditions imposed on project district. (a) The council may impose conditions on the use of the property subject to the project district, provided the council finds that the conditions are: (1) Necessary to prevent circumstances which may be adverse to the public health, safety and welfare; or (2) Reasonably conceived to fulfill needs directly emanating from the land uses proposed with respect to protection of the public from the potentially deleterious effects of the proposed uses, or fulfillment of the need for public service demands created by the proposed uses. (b) In addition to the conditions described in subsection (a), the council shall include the following conditions in any project district ordinance: (1) A description of each of the uses proposed in the project district; (2) The overall densities for the residential and hotel uses established in the project district; ZONING § 25-6-45 25-139 (3) Any infrastructure requirements for the project district; and (4) Any open space requirements for the project district. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-45 Section 25-6-46. Review and approval of site plans. (a) After adoption of a project district enabling ordinance, the applicant shall submit to the director detailed site plans for the project district development. The site plans shall conform to the project district enabling ordinance and shall include the following: (1) Plans for required infrastructure improvements; (2) All items required for a plan approval application, as provided by section 25-2-72; and (3) Any other information required by rules adopted by the director in accordance with chapter 91, Hawai‘i Revised Statutes. (b) Within sixty days after acceptance of the site plans, the director shall either deny or approve the plans. (c) The director may approve site plans for a project district only if the applicant has complied with all of the conditions contained in the project district enabling ordinance and the site plans conform to the standards contained in the project district enabling ordinance. The director may approve the site plans subject to conditions, or the director may approve the site plans subject to certain changes when, in the director’s opinion, such conditions or changes are necessary to carry out the purposes of the project district, this chapter and the considerations contained in section 25-6-47. (d) If the director fails to render a decision on the site plans within the prescribed period, the site plans shall be considered approved without further certification by the director. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-46 Section 25-6-47. Review criteria and conditions of approval. In reviewing site plans for a project district, the director shall consider the proposed development and uses in relation to the surrounding properties, improvements, streets, traffic, community characteristics, and natural features, and may require conditions or changes to assure: (1) Adequate light and air, proper siting and arrangements of all structures and improvements are provided; (2) Existing and prospective traffic movements will not be hindered; (3) Proper landscaping is provided that is commensurate with the development or use and its surroundings; (4) Unsightly areas are properly screened or eliminated; (5) Adequate off-street parking is provided to serve the development or use; § 25-6-47 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE 25-140 (6) Access to the parking areas will not create potential accident hazards; and (7) Within reasonable limits, any natural and man-made features of community value are preserved. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-47 Section 25-6-48. Construction in conformity with approved site plans. Every structure, development and use contained in site plans for a project district approved by the director shall be constructed and developed in accordance with the terms, specifications and conditions of approval for those site plans. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-48 Section 25-6-49. Plan approval issued by approval of site plans. Plan approval shall be considered issued when site plans for a project district are approved by the director, as provided by sections 25-6-46 and 25-6-47, and no further action is required for the issuance of plan approval under this chapter. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-49 Section 25-6-49.1. Amendments. Any amendment to the conditions and standards contained in a project district enabling ordinance shall be processed in the same manner as the project district enabling ordinance, unless the council in the project district enabling ordinance authorizes the amendments to be made by the director. A request for any amendment shall be submitted in writing to the director, in lieu of the application required for a project district. The request shall be accompanied by a filing fee of $250. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-49.1 Section 25-6-49.2. Appeal of director’s actions on project district site plans. Any person aggrieved by the decision of the director in the issuance of a decision regarding project district site plans may appeal the director’s action to the board of appeals, in accordance with its rules, within thirty days after the written decision is issued by the director. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-49.2 ZONING § 25-6-50 25-141 Division 5. Agricultural Project Districts (APD). Section 25-6-50. Purpose and applicability. The agricultural project district (APD) development is intended to provide a flexible and creative planning approach for developments within the agricultural zoning districts, in lieu of specific land use designations. It will allow for flexibility in the location of specific types of agricultural uses and variations in lot sizes. Under this planning approach, opportunities will be provided for a mix of small scale agricultural activities and associated residential uses, as well as larger agricultural projects. This district will also provide a vehicle to satisfy the demand for a rural lifestyle on marginal agricultural land, while decreasing the pressure to develop important agricultural land for this purpose. The planning approach would establish a continuity in land uses and designs, while providing for the needed infrastructural facilities and systems to support the various types of agricultural developments. An agricultural project district is an amendment to this chapter which changes the district boundaries in accordance with the individual agricultural project district. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-50 Section 25-6-51. Criteria for establishing a project district. An agricultural project district may be established as an amendment to this chapter whenever the public necessity and convenience and the general welfare require that a comprehensive planning approach for an agricultural area should be adopted in order to establish a continuity in land uses while providing the required infrastructural facilities and systems. In addition, an agricultural project district may only be established if the proposed district: (1) Is consistent with the intent and purpose of this chapter and the County general plan; and (2) Will not result in a substantial adverse impact upon the surrounding area, community or region. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-51 Section 25-6-52. Minimum land area required. The minimum land area required for an agricultural project district shall be five acres. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-52 Section 25-6-53. Permitted uses; overall density. Any uses permitted either directly or conditionally in the A or IA districts shall be permitted in an agricultural project district, and the overall density permitted in an agricultural project district shall not be greater than one acre per building site. Each of the proposed uses and the overall densities for dwelling uses shall be contained in a master conceptual plan for the agricultural project district and in the agricultural project district enabling ordinance. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-6-53 § 25-5-90 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE Division 9. V, Resort-Hotel Districts. Section 25-5-90. Purpose and applicability. The V (resort-hotel) district applies to areas to accommodate the needs and desires of visitors, tourists and transient guests. It applies to specific areas where public roads and public utilities are available or where suitable alternate private facilities are assured. It may apply to a single isolated hotel or resort with or without a commercial mall or shopping section. (1996, Ord. No. 96 -160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-91. Designation and density of V districts. (a)Each V (resort-hotel) district shall be designated on the zoning map by the symbol “V” followed by a number which indicates the required land area, in thousands of square feet, for each dwelling unit or for each separate rentable unit in the case of hotels, resorts, inns, lodges, motels, motor hotels, motor lodges, or other similar rentable units. (b)In case any of the permitted uses have dormitories, two beds shall be equivalent to one separate rentable unit for purposes related to the required land area in the V district. (c)Maximum density designation in the V district shall be .75 or seven hundred fifty square feet of land area for each dwelling unit or separate rentable unit. (d)In the V district, no limitation shall be placed on the increments used between the various density designations; however, the recommended incremental density designations are: .75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 and upward in 0.25 increments. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) 1 Section 25-5-92. Permitted uses. (a)The following uses shall be permitted in the V district: (1)Adult day care homes. (2)Amusement and recreational facilities, indoor. (3) Art galleries, museums. (4)Automobile service stations. (5)Bars, night clubs and cabarets (6)Bed and breakfast establishments, as permitted under section 25-4-7. (7)Business services. (8)Cemeteries and mausoleums, as permitted under chapter 6, article 1 of this Code. (9)Churches, temples, and synagogues. (10)Commercial parking lots and garages. (11)Community buildings, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (12)Day care centers. (13)Dwellings, double-family or duplex. (14)Dwellings, multiple-family. (15)Dwellings, single-family. (16)Family child care homes. (17)Financial institutions. (18)Group living facilities. (19)Home occupations, as permitted under section 25-4-13. (20)Hotels. (21)Lodges. (22)Medical clinics. (23)Meeting facilities. § 25-5-92 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE (24) Major outdoor amusement and recreation facilities. (25) Model homes, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (26) Parks, playgrounds, tennis courts, swimming pools, and other similar open area recreational facilities. (27) Personal services. (28) Photography studios. (29) Public uses and structures, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (30) Restaurants. (31) Retail establishments. (32) Short-term vacation rentals. (33) Telecommunication antennas, as permitted under section 25-4-12. (34) Temporary real estate offices, as permitted under section 25-4-8. (35) Theaters. (36) Time share units. (37) Utility substations, as permitted under section 25-4-11. (38) Visitor information centers. (b) In addition to those uses permitted under subsection (a) above, the following uses may be permitted in the V district, provided that a use permit is issued for each use: (1) Crematoriums, funeral homes, funeral services, and mortuaries. (2) Golf courses and related golf course uses, including golf driving ranges, golf maintenance buildings and golf club houses, provided that the property is within the state land use urban or rural district. Golf courses and golf driving ranges shall not be permitted within the state land use agricultural district unless approved by the County before July 1, 2005. (3) Hospitals, sanitariums, old age, convalescent, nursing and rest homes. (4) Schools. (5) Yacht harbors and boating facilities (c) Buildings and uses normally considered directly accessory to the uses permitted in this section shall also be permitted in the V district. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999; Am. 2011, Ord. 11-26, sec 2; Am 2012, Ord. No. 12-28, sec. 11; Am. 2014, Ord. No. 14-86, sec. 10; Am 2018, Ord No. 18-114, sec 9.)25-5-62 Section 25-5-93. Height limit. (a) The height limit in the V district shall be forty-five feet, except in those areas designated in subsections (b) and (c) below. (b) The height limit in the V district in the City of Hilo shall be one hundred twenty feet. (c) The height limit in the V district at Keauhou Bay and Kahaluu Bay shall be ninety feet. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-63 Section 25-5-94. Minimum building site area. The minimum building site area in the V district shall be fifteen thousand square feet. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-95. Minimum building site average width. Each building site in the V district shall have a minimum average width of ninety feet. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.) Section 25-5-96. Minimum yards. The minimum yards in the V district shall be as follows: § 25-5-96 HAWAI‘I COUNTY CODE (1) Front and rear yards, twenty feet; and (2) Side yards, eight feet for one story, and an additional two feet for each additional story. (1996, Ord. No. 96-160, sec. 2; ratified April 6, 1999.)25-5-66 Section 25-5-97. Landscaping. Landscaping shall be provided on a minimum of twenty percent of the total land area of any building site in the V district, except for lots containing only one single-family dwelling and accessory buildings. Parking areas shall not be included within the area required for landscaping on any building site. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2005, ord 05-155, sec 8.) Section 25-5-98. Other regulations. (a) More than one main building may be situated on any building site in the V district. (b) The distance between main buildings on one building site in the V district shall be at least fifteen feet. (c) Plan approval shall be required for all new structures and additions to existing structures in the V district, except for construction of one single-family dwelling and any accessory buildings per lot. (d) Exceptions to the regulations for the V district regarding heights, building site areas, building site average widths and yards, may be approved by the commission within a planned unit development. (1996, ord 96-160, sec 2; ratified April 6, 1999; am 2005, ord 05-155, sec 9; am 2015, ord 15-33, sec 4.) October 11, 2021 Ms. Susan Kunz, Director and Administrator Office of Housing and Community Development COUNTY OF HAWAI'I 1990 Kino'ole Street, Suite 102 Hilo, HI 96720 Mr. Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAI'I 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Ms. Kunz and Mr. Kem: SUBJECT: Proposed Workforce Housing — Waikoloa Resort (T 1 : 6-9-008: 032) We would like to use this means to not only summarize our meeting but to thank you very much for taking time out of your and your appropriate staffs' busy schedule to meet with our and Mr. Stanford Carr's teams virtually on October 8, 2021 regarding the use and development of the subject property for a possible workforce housing project. Waikoloa Land Company (WLC), plans to remove nine (9) holes of its King's Golf Course and redesign and repurpose that area and some its adjoining lands to create a project called Kumu Hou, a project that will not only be consistent with but will help make the overall Waikoloa Resort economically more sustainable and viable. The land use entitlement applications are now under review by the Planning Department. As discussed, WLC believes that having workforce housing within the Resort will be of benefit not only to Kumu Hou but the entire Resort. As master developer of the Waikoloa Resort, WLC has already fulfilled its affordable housing obligations through the donation of 300+ acres of land to the County of Hawaii within Waikoloa Village, a project that is now beingdevelopedandreferredtoasKamakoa. In spite of that, with the aid of a potential developer like Stanford Carr Development and the use of a portion of funds derived from the Kumu Hou project, we could and like to make that happen. If successful, we believe that would be the first workforce and/or affordable rental housing in the State of Hawai'i within a resort complex! 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive, Waikoloa, Hawaii 9638 — Office Phone: (808) 886-1000 IMIMMAMMmnmmmmrnmemilonnmlyn A IKOLOA Ms. Susan Kunz Mr. Zendo Kern October 11, 2021 Page 2 The proposed location of this minimum 142 workforce rental housing project is on an approximately 19.675+ acre parcel located adjacent to the Queens Market Place and identified byTMK: 6-9-008: 032. It is already zoned RM -6, with the basic infrastructure (water and sewer) readily available. Our goal is to have someone like Mr. Carr's company develop the project in accordance with appropriate County Affordable Housing guidelines. We would provide the land and the needed water and sewer allocation, the cost of which would be offset by the Kumu Hou project. Along those lines, we have already executed a Letter of Intent (LOD with Mr. Carr, a copy ofwhichisattachedforyourinformation. The LOI generally outlines our respective obligations and understandings. We were pleased of your interest and support of such a project. As such, with the understanding that the Kumu Hou project will facilitate the funding, development, and maintenance of this workforce housing project, rest assured that in the coming months, we intend to work closely with your respective offices to help bring this project to fruition. Sincerely, JOHN PLUNKE1'1, Vice President Waikoloa Land Company, Inc. Enclosure Copy — Mr. Stanford Carr w/ enclosure via email 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive, Waikoloa, Hawaii 9638 — Office Phone: (808) 886-1000 FOR SIGNATURE 12/21/20 1(7 2021 (the "Effective Date") Letter of Intent: Waikoloa Workforce Housing Project A portion of FP 2449 Lot A containing approximately 19.675 acres of land situated on the southern side of Waikoloa Beach Drive, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Waikoloa, Hawaii 96738. TMK (3) 6-9-008-032 (portion). Currently Zoned RM 6.0 (Maximum Density of 142 Multi -Family Units). Waikoloa Development Co. ("WDC'j owns the land described above (the "Property"), and Stanford Carr Development, 1.1C or special purpose entity ("SCD") wishes to develop an affordable housing project (the "Project") on the Property. This Letter of Intent outlines the terms of a Development Agreement between WDC and SCD (the Development Agreement"). Development Agreement SCD will explore options to develop the Project under the current SMA for Waikoloa I3each Resort or the amended SMA currently being prepared for submittal by WDC to the County of Hawaii (the County") to pursue a 20111-38 project for density bonuses, impact fee waivers and Low Income Housing Tax Credit (L11ITC) program financing. The Development Agreement will provide that SCD will develop the Project and that WDC will convey the Property and the associated access road, sidewalks, underground utilities, water and sewer facilities to the property line of the Property at a location mutually agreed by the parties, including their associated facility charges, connection fees, etc., with sufficient capacity to support the Project (the Infrastructure')), to SCD at WDC's sole cost, except for miscellaneous legal, closing and conveyance costs as provided below, upon WDC receiving irrevocable affordable housing credits (the "Credits") that SCD receives from the County pursuant to a 3 -Party Affordable l lousing Agreement (the Affordable Housing Agreement") among SCD, WDC and the County's Office of Housing and Community Development (as described below), which Credits WDC can use, as it determines in its sole discretion, and as allowed by County statute, including but not limited to, satisfying WDC's affordable housing requirements for WDC's other projects on its other owned properties. The number of units (the Project Units) and the target clientele for the Project will be mutually agreed upon by SCD and WDC prior to SCD entering into the Affordable Housing Agreement with the County. The target number of Project Units and resultant Credits shall be sufficient to satisfy the affordable housing Credit requirement for WDC's planned 925 -unit development on its other owned lands (the "Other Project"). Any Credits that may be received from the County in excess of what is required for the Other Project shall also be transferred to WDC by SCD. SCD kvill seek to reach the Affordable 1 -lousing Agreement with WDC and the Hawaii County Office of lousing and Community Development (0E1CD) that will provide that: a. WDC transfer the Property and Infrastructure to SCD in the manner andas agreed by the three parties in the Affordable 1lousing Agreement. h. 01 KT ‘vi 1I agree to have SCD assume the obligation for affordable housing development from WDC for the Other Project. c. SCD will develop the Property for affordable housing. FOR SIGNATURE d. The Affordable Housing Agreement will address what happens in the event that affordable housing units are not developed in a timely manner and in accordance with the Affordable. Housing Agreement. It is intended that the County may take legal possession and ownership of the Property and any improvements thereon and WDC shall retain ownership of the irrevocable Cred its. In connection with the transfer of the Property and the Infrastructure to SCD, WDC shall provide a title report deemed satisfactory by SCD. SCD shall pay for (i) the premium for a title policy, including the cost of any endorsements thereto, (ii) any conveyance tax and recording fees, and fees in connection with negotiating the transaction. Any other costs will be borne by the party that is customary for real estate transactions in Hawaii. Each party shall be responsible for their own attorney fees. WDC will cause the Property not to be subject to assessments and fees either for its use of the common areas of the Waikoloa Beach Resort which includes roadway access to the Property, or any other assessments or fees generated by the Waikoloa Resort Association ("WRA") and the Waikoloa Beach Resort Conference, or other similar organizations. The Property will be subject to design review by WDC, and SCD will be required to comply with normal and reasonable rules, regulations and maintenance of the Property set by WDC. The Property shall not be subject to the Design Guidelines of WRA or review by the Architectural Review Committee of WRA. Timing SCD and WDC shall endeavor to reach a mutually acceptable Development Agreement within 45 days following the Effective Date. Such Development Agreement will be contingent on SCD executing the Affordable Housing Agreement with OFICD. Due to the tinning of the LIFITC application submittal timeline, SCD will work with the County to assume the obligation for Affordable Housing for WDC, allowing WDC's Other Project to proceed as if the obligation has been fulfilled. Following execution of this Letter of Intent, both parties may publicly disclose that WDC has an agreement with SCD to develop the Project. Within a mutually agreeable time subsequent to SCD executing the Affordable Housing Agreement with OHCD for the Credits and the granting of such Credits is irrevocable, (i) WDC shall release any claim to the Property and infrastructure to SCD, and (ii) SCD shall record the Credits to WDC's Other Projects via the 01 -ICD agreement. The overall intent of the above is that WDC not he obligated to expend funds on design or construction of the Infrastructure, except for minor costs For preliminary planning, until the Affordable Housing Agreement is executed by SCD, WDC and OIICD and conveyance of the Property and Infrastructure by WDC. are the only requirements remaining for WDC to receive the irrevocable Credits. WDC shall bond the infrastructure cost if necessary and as required. Closing of financing for the Project by SCD is not required if it is not a requirement for WDC to receive the irrevocable Credits. Legal Effect SCD and WDC each acknowledge that a transaction of this type involves terms and conditions which have not yet been agreed upon and that this Letter of intent is in no way intended to be a complete or definitive statement of all the terms and conditions of the proposed transaction. Rather, this Letter of Intent contemplates, and is subject to, negotiation and execution of the Development Agreement. Neither SCD nor WDC will be legally bound in any manner unless and until the Development Agreement has been executed by the parties. SCD acknowledges and agrees that WDC is in discussions with multiple parties regarding the possible purchase and sale of the Property and as a result, SCD has rio assurances that WDC will execute a Development Agreement with SCD. Either party may, in its sole discretion, elect at any time to terminate negotiations with respect to the Development Agreement or not to enter into the Development FOR SIGNATURE Agreement, and neither party shall incur any liability whatsoever to the other for terminating negotiations or electing not to enter into the Development Agreement. When executed, the Development Agreement will supersede the terms of this Letter of Intent, After execution of this Letter of Intent, the parties will enter into a binding 45 -day agreement that will allow SCD exclusive rights to negotiate and finalize the Development Agreement. FOR SIGNATURE ACCEPTED AND AGREED: SCD: STANFORD CARR DEVELOPMENT, LLC a fia‘vaii Iimited u ny - • • By: Name: Stanford r Its: Member and Manager WDC: WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO. a Hawaii limited partnership By: Waikoloa Management Co. a Hawaii limited partnership Its: General Partner By: Waikoloa Land Company, Inc. a Hawaii corporation Its: General Partner 13y: John Ph nkett Its: Vice President 1111111111111 June 21 2021 CON PLANNING DEPTalbJUN23 2021 Am9:23 REVD HAND DELIVERED PBR HAWAII Mr. Zendo Kern, Director ASSOCIATES, INC. Planning Department R.STAN DUNCAN,ASIA County of Hawai President/Principal 101 Pauahi Street RUSSELL Y. CHUNG.FASLA•LEER'AP BD+C Hilo awai`i 96720Executive ViceI.- President/Principal H VINCENT SHIGEKUNI Senior Vice-President/Principal SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS — GRANT T.MURAKAMI,AICP,LEER'AP BD+C WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY, TMK: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), Vice-President/Principal 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031, AND 033 MtMSClHNELL,AICP ANAEHO`OMALU, DISTRICT OF SOUTH KOHALA, ISLAND KIM MIKAMI YUEN,LEED'AP BD+C AND COUNTY OF HAWAII Principal CATIE CULLISON,AICP Dear Director Kern, Principal THOMAS S.WITTEN,FASLA Please find enclosed the combined SMA Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Chairman Emeritus for the Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project proposed by Waikoloa Land Company (WLC) W.FRANK BRANI)T,FASLA The subject lands are owned byWaikoloa Development Co. and Hilton Founding Partner Applicant). J P Kingsland 1, LLC. Letters of authorization from these fee owners are contained within RAYMONDT.HIGA,ASLA the bound documents, and PBR HAWAII makes this submittal on behalf of the Associate Principal Applicant. MARC SHIMATSU,ASLA Associate Principal DACHENG DONG,LEER'AP As discussed with you and your deputy, the applications request amendment of the Associate Principal existing SMA 25 (1977) to remove the ±182.9-acre project area from SMA 25, and to ANN MIKIKO BOUSLOG,PhD grant three new SMA permits to govern the same areas that are withdrawn. The new Project Director SMA permits are requested to permit the development of single-family lots, multifamily RAMSAY R.M.TAUM Cultural Sustainability Planner timeshare units, new golf course facilities, public parks, a new brackish water irrigation MICAH McMILLEN,ASLA,LEER'AP system, and other associated infrastructure and amenities. To support the intended S"'`°'Associatete` i°" developments the request also includes two Change of Zone applications for±179.7 acres NATHALIE RAZO of the project area. The balance of the project area, which are areas proposed for the Senior Associate P J P J P P GRACE ZHENG,ASIA,LEED'GA,SITES'AP brackish water irrigation system, would not require rezoning to implement. Senior Associate ETSUYOKILA The project area occurs in three non-contiguous areas, all situated mauka of the King's Associate Trail in Waikoloa Beach Resort. All areas are adjacent to existing developments GREGtNAKAI including Kings' Land by Hilton Grand Vacations timeshare properties, portions of the SELENA PANG Kings' Course,and/or the Waikoloa Beach Villas condominium.The areas are accessible Associate off Waikoloa Beach Drive,which connects to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. Kumu Hou at Waikoloa is a long-range conceptual plan that will conserve 27 holes of Honolulu.on!Bishop Street. Suite 6503,18 golf at the Resort((18 at the Beach Course and 9 at the Kings' Course) at a luxury resortHawaiiW,ItI3 yiKh l g Fax:& IR)S21- 1 level for a minimum of 15 years after final approval of the requested COZ applications. E snail:sysatltnin@ pbrhawaii.ct'm Nine holes of the current Kings' Course configuration,encompassing±73.5 acres owned by the Applicant, will be closed. These lands will be repurposed for the intended prrnned on recycled paper timeshare and single-family residential uses. These actions recognize that the Resort's current 36-hole golf complex is unsustainable in the long-term, given broad-based market changes that have decreased demand for golf at the Resort and elsewhere. 142530 PLANING • LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE • ENSIRONMENTAL STUDIES • ENTITLEMENTS PERMITTING • GRAPHIC DESIGN Mr. Zendo Kern, Director SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS — WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY,TMK: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021,022,025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.),029 POR.),031,AND 033 `ANAEHO`OMALU,DISTRICT OF SOUTH KOHALA,ISLAND AND COUNTY OF HAWAII June 21, 2021 Page 2 All elements of Kumu Hou comply with conditions stated in Waikoloa Beach Resort's guiding Land Use Commission Decision and Order (1990) as well as its current SMA 25 permit. The project makes no changes to the Resort's existing Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway setbacks. This submittal includes 1) an original and twenty(20)copies of the completed applications with a report outlining the reasons for the request, constituting the required County Environmental Report; 2) a map and list of the names, addresses, and tax map keys of all owners of property within three hundred (300) feet of the perimeter boundaries of the project area; 3) two checks, covering $1,750 in SMA filing fees and$12,725 in COZ filing fees, as calculated on the attached spreadsheet; and 4)real property tax clearances for the affected project area tax map keys. We trust this submittal is complete for acceptance and processing. If there are any questions on this matter,please contact PBR HAWAII. Mahalo. Sincerely, 47/11 Tom Schnell, AICP Principal Enclosures cc Mr. Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Mr. Sidney Fuke, Sidney Fuke Planning Consultants Ms. Christina Ohira, Starn O'Toole Marcus&Fisher C:UsersNabouslogNAppDatdVncaMlicrosofAWindowsVNetCache\Cont ent.OutlookV5M3UDM(anningDeparimentTL2021-0621 FINALdocx KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT r44AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS e4Z ‘° .it ` ANAEHO OMALUrpirbji - SOUTH KOHALA, HAWAII f% < 101 - y APPLICANT WALK OL OA L AND COMPANY p -,i, eis, ' y PREPARED BY PBR HAWAII & Associates, Inc. rS8OS-8 JUNE 2021 Nee, X ek44,„,e ,§, i,t am . 1,Y7 . . ._. . Ivt i; , , p7 tt1 ( 14 ,0_ N{ ;te y CON PLANNING DEPT JUN 23 2021 am9:29 KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA: SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA, HAWAII Applicant: Waikoloa Land Company Prepared by: PBR HAWAII & Associates, Inc. June 2021 This page intentionally blank. CON PLANNING DEPT JUN 23 2021 4M9:29 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT:Waikoloa Land Company APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: DATE:05/27/2021 ADDRESS: 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive Waikoloa, HI 96738 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: Applicant represents both owners. LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS:Scott Head PHONE:(Bus.) (808) 886-1000 Res.) Fax) (808) 886-8896 LANDOWNER(S):Waikoloa Development Co. and Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC. LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S):See attached fee owners' authorizationsDATE. May be by letter) LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: WDC - 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive, Waikoloa, HI 96738 Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC - 6355 Metrowest Blvd., Suite 180, Orlando, FL 3235-7606 REQUEST: Amend SMA 25 to remove Area A, Area B, and Area C par.),021,022, 025. 027(por.).028(por.),029(par.),031(por.),and 03 ON I N G. RM-4. RM-6,RM-8,CV-10,OPENTAXMAPK0.69(3°8.013. - SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S): ±182.9 acres AGENT: PBR HAWAII c/o Ann Bouslog ADDREss: 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, HI 96813 TELEPHONE:(Bus.)808-521-5631 (Res.) Fax) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Waikoloa Land Company COPIES: PBR HAWAII I L-25. 0 CON PLANNING JUN 23 2021 DEPT29 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Waikoloa Land Company APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: DATE: 05/27/2021 ADDRESS: 150 Waikoloa Beach *rive Waikoloa, HI 96738 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: Applicant represents both owners. LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Scott Head PHONE:(Bus.) (808) 886-1000 Res.) Fax) (808) 886-8896 LANDOWNER(s): Waikoloa Development Co. and Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC. LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S):See attached fee owners' authorizationsDATE: May be by letter) LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: WDC - 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive, Waikoloa, HI 96738 Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC - 6355 Metrowest Blvd., Suite 180, Orlando, FL 3235-7606 Grant new'Master SMA Major Use Permit for the development of 264 mullilamily timeshare units and related infrastructure for Areas Jt and J2 REQUEST: TAX MAP KEY:(3)6- 9-008:021 (por.), 027(por.),028(por.) and 031 (por.) ZONING: RM-8, Open SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S): ± 38.6 acres AGENT: PBR HAWAII do Ann Bouslog ADDRESS: 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, HI 96813 TELEPHONE:(Bus.) 808-521 -5631 (Res.) Fax) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Waikoloa Land Company COPIES: PBR HAWAII COH PLANNING DEPT JUN 23 2021 AH9:29 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Waikoloa Land Company APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: DATE: 05/27/2021 ADDRESS: 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive Waikoloa, HI 96738 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: Applicant represents both owners. UST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Scott Head PHONE:(Bus.) (808) 886-1000 Res.) Fax) (808) 886-88896 LANDOWNER(S): Waikoloa Development Co. and Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC. LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S):See attached fee owners' authorizationsDATE: may be by letter) LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: WDC - 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive, Waikoloa, HI 96738 Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC - 6355 Metrowest Blvd., Suite 180, Orlando, FL 3235-7606 Grant new"Master"SMA Major Use Permit for the development of 25 single family lots and related infrastructure for Area L2 REQUEST: TAX MAP KEY: (3) 6- 9-008:021 (por.) and 028 (por.) ZONING: RM-8, Open SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S): ± 7. 3 acres AGENT: PBR HAWAII c/o Ann Bouslog ADDRESS: 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, HI 96813 TELEPHONE:(Bus.)808-521-5631 (Res.) Fax) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Waikoloa Land Company COPIES: PBR HAWAII iii M 5 0 COH PLANNING DEPT JUN 23 2021 cM9:29 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT:Waikoloa Land Company APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: DATE: 05/27/2021 ADDRESS: 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive Waikoloa, HI 96738 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER: Applicant represents both owners. LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Scott Head PHONE:(Bus.) (808) 886-1000 Res.) Fax) (808) 886-8896 LANDOWNER(S): Waikoloa Development Co. and Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC. LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S):See attached fee owners' authorizations DATE: May be by letter) LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: WDC - 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive, Waikoloa, HI 96738 Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC - 6355 Metrowest Blvd., Suite 180, Orlando, FL 3235-7606 REQUEST:Grant new'masler SMA Major Use Pemil for the development of 900 nwllfamiy timeshare units, new and relocated golf clubhouse/driving range,parks,weeshrrigaton consisting of Protect Areas 8 and C. TAX MAP K EY(.3) 6-9-008:013(par.),022,025, 028(par.),029(por.),and 033 ZONING: RM-4, RM-6,RM•8,CV-10,OPEN SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S): ±136.9 acres AGENT: PBR HAWAII do Ann Bouslog ADDREss: 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, HI 96813 TELEPHONE:(Bus.)808-521-5631 (Res.) Fax) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Waikoloa Land Company (x)PIFs: PBR HAWAII Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Change of Zone Applications Rezoning request From To Acres Property address Landowner Area A to RM-6 and RS-10 6-9-008:021 (por.) RM-8 RM-6 N/A Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC 6-9-008:028 (por.) RM-8 RM-6 ± 22'6 N/A Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC 6- 9-008:021 (por.) Open RM-6 N/A Waikoloa Development Co 6-9-008:027 (por.) Open RM-6 Waikoloa Development Co 6- 9-008:028 (por.) Open RM-6 ± 16.0 N/A Waikoloa Development Co 6- 9-008:031 (por.) Open RM-6 N/A Waikoloa Development Co 6-9-008:021 (por.) RM-8 RS-10 ±4.1 N/A Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC 6- 9-008:021 (por.) Open RS-10 N/A Waikoloa Development Co 6- 9-008:028 (por.) Open RS-10 ± 3.3 N/A Waikoloa Development Co Total acres, Area A 45.9 May not add to sum of sub-areas due to rounding Area B to Project District 6-9-008:013 (por.) Open Proj. D. N/A Waikoloa Development Co 6-9-008:022 Open Proj. D. N/A Waikoloa Development Co 6- 9-008:029 (por.) Open Proj. D. ± 95.3 N/A Waikoloa Development Co 6-9-008:033 Open Proj. D. N/A Waikoloa Development Co 6-9-008:013 (por.) RM-6 Proj. D. 69-252 Ala Ihi Waikoloa Development Co Way 6-9-008:033 RM-6 Proj. D. ± 12.069-252 Ala Ihi Waikoloa Development Co Way 6-9-008:022 RM-8 Proj. D. N/A Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC 6- 9-008:029 (por.) RM-8 Proj. D. t21'7 N/A Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC 6-9-008:025 CV-10 Proj. D. ±4.5 69-600 Waikoloa Waikoloa Development Co Beach Dr 6- 9-008:013 (por.) RM-4 Proj. D. ± 0.2 N/A Waikoloa Development Co Total acres, Area B 133.8 May not add to sum of sub-areas due to rounding Total acres, rezoning requests 179.7 May not add to sum of sub-areas due to rounding V COH PLANNING DEPT JUN 23 2021 AM9:29 CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Waikoloa Land Company APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: DATE: 05/27/2021 ADDRESS: 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive Waikoloa, HI 96738 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER:Applicant represents both owners. LIST PRINCIPAL(S)INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Scott Head PHONE:(Bus.) 808-886-1000 Res.) Fax) (808) 886-8896 LANDOWNER(S): Waikoloa Development Co. and Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC. LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): See attached feepowners' authorizations DATE: LANDOWNER(S) ADDRESS: WDC- 150 Waikoloa Beachtrive, Waikoloa,HI 96738 Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC-6355 Metrowest Blvd,Suite 180LOrlandoL FL 3235-7606 REQUEST: OPEN and RM-8 TO RM-6 and RS-10(see table attached) Existing zoning)Proposed Zoning) TAX MAP KEY: p)6-9-008:021,027(por.),028(por.),and 031 (por.) STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: Waikoloa Beach Resort, c/o 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S)TO BE REZONED: ±45.9 acres AGENT: PBR HAWAII c/o Ann Bouslog ADDRESS: 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 650 Honolulu, HI 96813 TELEPHONE:(Bus.) 808-521-5631 Res.) Fax) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Waikoloa Land Company COPIES: PBR HAWAII vi IONON COH PLANNING DEPT JUN 23 2021 AM9:29 CHANCE OF ZONE APPLICATION COUNTY OF HAWAII PLANNING DEPARTMENT Type or legibly print the requested information) APPLICANT: Waikoloa Land Company APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE: 5;1DATE: 05/27/2021 ADDRESS: 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive Waikoloa, HI 96738 LIST APPLICANT'S INTEREST IF NOT OWNER:Applicant represents both owners. LIST PRINCIPAL(S) INCLUDING NAMES OF MAIN OFFICERS: Scott Head 808-886-1000PHONE:(Bus.) Res.) Fax) 808) 886-8896 LANDOWNER(S): Waikoloa Development Co. and Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC. LANDOWNER SIGNATURE(S): See attached fee owners' authorizations DATE: LANDOWNER(S)ADDRESS:WDC- 150 Waikoloa VelLieltiMve,Waikoloa, HI 96738 Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC -6355 Metrowest Blvd.,Suite 180,Orlando, FL 3235-7606 REQUEST: OPEN, RM-4,RM-6,RM-8, AND CV-10 TO Project District(see table attached) Gxisiing zoning) Proposed Zoning) TAX MAP KEY:_(3) 6- 9-008:013(por.),022,025, 029(por.)and 033 STREET ADDRESS OF PROPERTY: Waikoloa Beach Resort,c/o 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive SIZE OF PROPERTY OR AFFECTED AREA(S)TO BE REZONED: ±133.8 acres AGENT: PBR HAWAII c/o Ann Bouslog ADDRESS: 1001 Bishop Street,Suite 650 Honolulu, HI 96813 TELEPHONE:(Bus.) 808-521-5631 Res.) Fax) Please indicate to whom original correspondence and copies should be sent. ORIGINAL: Waikoloa Land Company COPIES: PBR HAWAII vii Lt2 kf o Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications This page intentionally left blank. viii WAIKOLOA FEE OWNER'S LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION FOR WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO. Tax Map Key Nos: (3) 6-9-008:013 (por.), 025, 027 (por.), 028 (por.), 029 (por.), 031(por.), and 033, ± 134.5 acres Anaeho'omalu, District of South Kohala, Island and County of Hawaii Waikoloa Development Co. is the fee owner of the real property identified above ("the Property"), within the Waikoloa Beach Resort. Waikoloa Land Co. manages development and operations within the Waikoloa Beach Resort, and is the Applicant for the proposed actions relating to the Property. Waikoloa Development Co. hereby authorizes Bays Lung Rose Voss, Waikoloa Land Co., and/or PBR HAWAII &Associates, Inc. to communicate with, apply for, execute and process any and all County of Hawaii, State of Hawaii and federal governmental permit applications, and to participate in all proceedings relating to the Property. A photo, PDF or facsimile copy of this executed authorization shall be considered as effective and valid as the original. WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO. a Hawaii limited partnership By: Waikoloa Management Co. a Hawaii limited partnership Its: General Partner By: Waikoloa Land Company, Inc. a Hawaii corporation Its: General rtner By: Scott d Its: Vice President 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive • Waikoloa, l lawaii 96738 • Phone (808) 886-1000 • Fax (808) 886-8896 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications This page intentionally left blank. x FEE OWNER'S LETTER OF AUTHORIZATION FOR HILTON KINGSLAND 1, LLC Tax Map Key Nos:(3) 6- 9-008:021 and 022, ±48.408 acres Anaeho`omalu, District of South Kohala, Island and County of Hawaii The undersigned is fee owner of the real property identified above and hereby authorizes Starn O'Toole Marcus & Fisher,A Law Corporation, Waikoloa Land Company, Inc., and PBR Hawaii &Associates, Inc. to communicate with, apply for, execute and process any and all County, State and federal governmental permit applications, and to participate in proceedings related to said real property. A photo, PDF or facsimile copy of this executed authorization shall also be considered as effective and valid as the original. Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company By: w Name: f Title: /~ - c, Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications This page intentionally left blank. xii Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications EXECUTIVE SUNIMARY This document includes four(4)Special Management Area(SMA)Major Use Permit applications, and two(2) Change of Zone(COZ)applications(the Proposed Actions)for Kumu Hou, a project within Waikoloa Beach Resort.' Also included herein are the various filing requirements for these applications. Together, these materials represent the required County Environmental Report. A. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Waikoloa Land Company (WLC, or the Applicant) manages development and operations at Waikoloa Beach Resort(the Resort)in the South Kohala District of the island of Hawaii, and has done so since 1978. The Applicant also owns and operates the Resort's Kings' Course and Beach Course, and through related entities owns much of the undeveloped land in the Resort. Both golf courses were closed in March 2020 along with other visitor facilities at the Resort, following statewide orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Applicant reopened the 18-hole Beach Course on November 17, 2020 and plans to reopen nine holes at the Kings' Course when demand warrants. The Applicant is committed to retain the resulting 27-hole golf complex at a luxury resort standard for a minimum of 15 years after final approval of the requested COZ applications. The nine fairways that will not be reopened are planned to be repurposed for timeshare, single- family residential, and community uses. These uses are already permitted by the State of Hawaii, Land Use Commission(LUC),and are supported by a SMA approval from the County of Hawaii SMA 25).2 The project name"Kumu Hou" suggests its refreshed purpose or understanding. Independent of Kumu Hou, the Applicant established the Waikoloa Foundation in 1987, and intends to fortify the foundation's funding with some $40 million to $50 million, in 2020 dollars, as described further in Section II.D. The Applicant is also restoring the Parker Ranch Recreational Building at `Anaeho`omalu Bay to be a cultural center. Finally, while the Resort's affordable housing commitments were satisfied by a donation of 300 net acres of land to the County and other considerations, the Applicant recognizes a demand for more affordable workforce rental housing in West Hawaii, and Kumu Hou would enhance the financial feasibility of addressing this situation. In anticipation, the Applicant has identified a ± 25.4-acre site south of the Queens' MarketPlace that could be suitable for affordable workforce rental housing and has initiated discussions with potential developers for a project of not less than 142 units. If undertaken, this would be the first affordable housing developed within a major resort in West Hawaii. This initiative is considered complementary to, but not part of, the Kumu Hou Master Plan. The multiple applications consider the two landowners, noncontiguous land areas, and other factors as discussed in Section D below. However, if, in the course of review, it is determined that a master SMA and/or COZ application would be more suitable,the Applicant would be amenable to a revised approach. LUC, "Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Decision and Order,"dated January 9, 1990; SMA Use Permit No. 25,as approved by the County of Hawai'i Planning Commission, February 14, 1977, as amended. xiii Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications B. KUMU HOU PROJECT FACTS Project Name: Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Location: Ahupua'a of`Anaeho`omalu; South Kohala, Hawaii Tax Map Keys (TMKs): (3)6-9-008:013 (por.), 021, 022, 025, 027(por.), 028 (por.), 029 por.), 031 (por.), and 033 Recorded Fee Owners of Waikoloa Development Co.,±134.5 acres- TMKs (3)6-9- Project Area: 008:013 (por.), 025, 027 (por.), 028 (por.), 029 (por.), 031 (por.), and 033 Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC,±48.4 acres-TMKs: (3)6-9-008:021 and 022 Applicant: Waikoloa Land Company Authorized Agents: PBR HAWAII& Associates, Inc. and Bays Lung Rose Voss See fee owners' authorizations on pages ix and xi Total Land Area: 182.9 acres("Project Area"),further defined as Areas A, B, and C Existing Uses: Resort, clubhouse, golf and open spaces Proposed Uses: Timeshare, residential, golf clubhouse, resort and recreational amenity improvements, public parks and trails, infrastructure, and accessory uses Land Use Designations: State Land Use: Urban County of Hawai`i: LUPAG: Resort Node South Kohala Community Development Plan: references LUPAG Zoning: Multifamily residential (RM-8, RM-6), Commercial (CV-10), Open Special: Within the Special Management Area(SMA) Filing Fees and Other:Two certified checks, payable to the County Director of Finance were presented to the Planning Department at the time this application was filed. The checks are for: (a) one thousand, seven hundred and fifty dollars ($1,750.00), applicable to the four (4) requested SMA actions; and (b) twelve thousand, seven hundred dollars($12,700.00), applicable to the COZ actions. Certificates of clearance from the County Director of Finance were submitted with this application, stating that the real property taxes and all other fees relating to the subject parcels have been paid by the respective landowners, and that there are no outstanding delinquencies. xiv Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications C. PROJECT AREA AND CONCEPTUAL ELEMENTS Kumu Hou is planned to be implemented within a Project Area of±182.9 acres, in three non- contiguous areas. The plan addresses 1,189 residential and visitor units. Of this total, 1,164 units are planned as timeshare units; among these timeshare units, 264 units are already located on the Resort's existing master plan,while 900 are not. The 264 units have been planned by Hilton Grand Vacations (HGV) on several appropriately zoned parcels; however, their development would be consolidated on two larger parcels, pursuant to the land exchanges as described herein. Kumu Hou is also planned to include 25 single-family lots in an area adjacent to HGV's planned timeshare units and the developing `Ainamalu subdivision. Finally, Kumu Hou will include a new brackish water system to serve the irrigation needs of the new timeshare, single-family residential, and community uses. Under Kumu Hou, only 9 of the former 18 holes at the Kings' Course will be reopened, owing to broad market changes. Together, these planned elements are referred to as the Kumu Hou Master Plan. All elements of Kumu Hou will comply with conditions stated in the Resort's guiding LUC Decision and Order,and its current SMA 25 approvals. Table 1: Summary of Kumu Hou Master Plan Element Comment Planned timeshare 1,164 Includes 264 units already addressed on Resort's existing units land use plan, and 900 not currently located on the plan Other planned 25 Single-family lots residential units Golf holes at Kings' 9 9 holes of Kings' Course to be retained, and 9 to be Course repurposed for timeshare and related uses, new golf clubhouse and driving range, and support uses; 18 holes at Beach Course (outside of Project Area) will not be affected Open space areas 126 acres Landscaped open areas,natural and renaturalized areas of lava Public parks and 3.0 acres New pedestrian paths and two community parks with paths recreational amenities (within the open space areas noted above) Landscape Brackish Elimination of reliance on potable water for irrigation, irrigation water water estimated to enable a 0.3 to 1.0 million gallon per day sources MGD) reduction in withdrawals of brackish water from the underlying aquifer Queen Ka`ahumanu Average 800- No change to existing highway setback areas Highway setback foot setback Source:PBR HAWAII, 2021 xv Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Kumu Hou entails the repurposing of nine holes of the current Kings' Course, encompassing±73.5 acres that currently provide visual open space, but for which physical access would be restricted to paying golfers. In comparison, the Kumu Hou Master Plan retains ±126 acres, approximately 69% of the Project Area, in uses that would continue to offer open vistas. These include new areas available to all, such as public parks, and paths. Areas that will continue to feature open vistas under Kumu Hou will include landscaped areas around the residential and commercial developments, conserved natural lava, and renaturalized lava landscapes. As noted in the table above, Kumu Hou would make no changes to the large (average 800-foot) setback from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, where the natural lava is also conserved. The timing and pace of development and unit absorption for Kumu Hou, like for any master- planned resort development, is a long-term venture likely to span multiple economic cycles. Conceptual timeframes are presented herein (see Section II.G. and elsewhere) for modelling and presentation purposes, but actual implementation of Kumu Hou will be driven by economic, market, finance, community, environmental, and other factors that will manifest over time and cannot be foreseen presently. D. PROPOSED ACTIONS The Applicant seeks the County's approval for four(4) SMA Major Use Permit applications, and two (2) COZ applications. The multiple Proposed Actions reflect consideration that Kumu Hou involves two landowners, three non-contiguous land areas, and multiple development efforts that will invariably experience different timetables. These factors could make structuring of conditions of approval and their enforcement challenging if the Proposed Actions were processed as a master SMA and/or COZ application. However, if in the course of review, it is determined that a more consolidated approach would be more suitable, the Applicant would be amenable to discussing a revised approach. At this time, the Proposed Actions include: SMA Application #1: to withdraw the Project Area (excluding the 0.9-acre portion of Puakala Place that will provide access to Area A)from SMA 25. This is an area of±182.9- acres. SMA Applications #2, # 3 and #4: to implement new "Master" SMA Major Use Permits covering all lands that were withdrawn from SMA 25 by the first SMA application: o Application #2 will address±38.6 acres of land defined herein as Area A (J1/J2); o Application #3 will address±7.3 acres of land defined herein as Area A (L2); and o Application #4 will address±136.9 acres of land defined herein as Areas B and C. COZ Application #1: To approve four rezoning requests in Area A: o ±16.0 acres from Open to RM-6; o ±3.3 acres from Open to RS-10; o ±22.6 acres from RM-8 to RM-6; and o ±4.1 acres from RM-8 to RS-10. xvi Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications COZ Application#2: To approve four(4) rezoning requests in Area B:3 o ±95.3 acres from Open to Project District; o ±21.7 acres from RM-8 to Project District; o ±0.2 acres from RM-4 to Project District; o ±12.0 acres from RM-6 to Project District; and o ±4.5 acres from CV-10 to Project District. The Master SMA Major Use Permits sought would permit the development of the proposed new facilities and amenities. The requested new SMA permits would also allow WLC or other existing or future landowners in the Project Area to upgrade,repair,maintain,and operate existing or future facilities in the Kumu Hou Project Area. The various COZ applications are necessary for implementation of the Kumu Hou Master Plan. No changes to SMA 25 or zoning are proposed for Resort areas not covered by the Kumu Hou Project Area as defined herein. The Applicant is processing the three new SMA requests to allow flexibility in the interpretation and implementation of Kumu Hou,which is expected to be undertaken over an extended period of time. Since the Resort is within the SMA, the Kumu Hou Master Plan has been designed in compliance with the objectives and policies in Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised Statutes (FIRS), the SMA Guidelines set forth in Section 205A-26, HRS, and the objectives and policies in Rule 9, Special Management Area, and County of Hawaii Planning Commission Rules of Practice and Procedure(Planning Commission Rules). In support of these Proposed Actions,an agreement was entered between Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC, and related entities (collectively herein, "Hilton"); and Waikoloa Development Co., and related entities,for certain land exchanges. These exchanges also ensure continuation of golf course views and golf course frontage for existing Hilton Kingsland timeshare owners, as well as for current and future single-family units at `Ainamalu. E. DOCUMENT INCLUSIONS Together with the appendices attached hereto, posting of public notices,payment of fees and other materials provided, this document addresses permit application requirements of the County of Hawaii, Planning Department's(Planning Department's) SMA Use Permit Application and COZ Application. Review of HRS, Chapter 343, Environmental Impact Statements revealed Kumu Hou has no applicable triggers necessitating compliance with FIRS Chapter 343. Therefore, the contents provided herein also constitute a County Environmental Report, in satisfaction of the Planning Department's requirements for a COZ Application. No changes of zone are requested within Area C. xvii Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications This page intentionally left blank. xviii Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary xiii A. Introduction and Overview xiii B. Kumu Hou Project Facts xiv C. Project Area and Conceptual Elements xv D. Proposed Actions xvi E. Document Inclusions xvii Context and Reasons for the Request 1 A. Project Name and Overview 2 B. Project Objectives 3 C. Location of Waikoloa Beach Resort 4 D. Resort Entitlements and Developments 4 1. Key Entitlements 4 2. Completed Development 6 3. Unit Summary 6 II. Kumu Hou Project Description 9 A. Project Area 9 B. Surrounding Land Uses and Major Owners 10 C. Current Land Use Designations 13 D. Project Concept 13 E. Proposed Action—Conceptual Project Elements 16 1. Fairway Transitions 16 2. Area A—Timeshare Units 17 3. Area A— Single-family Residential Lots 18 4. Area B—Timeshare Units 19 5. Area B —Community Support Facilities 20 6. Area B —Golf Support Facilities 20 7. Area B —Public Parks and Paths 21 8. Landscape Concepts and Open Space 22 F. Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability 22 G. Development Timetable and Valuation 23 xix Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications H. Requested Actions 23 1. Amend SMA 25 to Remove Kumu Hou 24 2. Grant a New SMA Permit for Area A: J1/J2 24 3. Grant a New SMA Permit for Area A: L2 25 4. Grant a New SMA Permit for Areas B and C 26 5. Rezone Area A to RM-6 and RS-10 26 6. Rezone Area B to Project District 28 7. Legal Description of Areas to be Rezoned 29 III. State and County Designations Affecting the Requests 31 A. State Land Use District 31 B. County General Plan 31 C. South Kohala Community Development Plan 32 D. County Zoning 33 E. Special Management Area 33 F. Affordable Workforce Rental Housing 34 G. Other Permitting Considerations 34 IV. Environmental Considerations 35 A. General Description 35 1. Location and TMKs 35 2. Distance from Shoreline 35 3. Current Land Uses and Improvements 36 4. Topography, Slope and Elevation 36 B. Climate and Soils 36 C. Natural and Man-Made Hazards 37 1. Drainage and Flood Hazards 37 2. Tsunami Hazard 37 3. Volcanic and Earthquake Hazards 37 4. Waikoloa Maneuver Area 38 D. Floral and Faunal Resources 39 1. Conditions for Flora 39 2. Flora and RTE Plants 39 3. Faunal Survey Approach 40 xx Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 4. Birds 40 5. Hawaiian Hoary Bat 42 6. Introduced Species 43 7. Blackburn's Sphinx Moth 43 8. Impacts and Mitigation Measures 43 E. Archaeological Resources 45 1. Archeological Inventory Survey Approach 45 2. Archeological Survey Findings 46 3. Impacts and Mitigation Measures 47 F. Valued Cultural Resources 49 1. TCP Hawaii Study Approach 49 2. No Impact to Shoreline Fishing or Gathering 50 3. Key Informant Interviews 50 4. Impacts and Mitigation Measures 51 G. Water and Coastal Resources 51 1. Drinking Water and Groundwater 52 2. Nearshore Marine Waters 53 3. Impacts and Mitigation Measures 55 H. Noise, Air Quality, and Dust 56 1. Noise Impacts and Mitigation Measures 56 2. Air Impacts and Mitigation Measures 57 I. Scenic and Visual Considerations 59 1. From Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway 59 2. From Public Paths and Travelways in the Resort 60 3. Around `Anaeho`omalu Bay and the Shoreline 61 4. Impacts and Mitigation Measures 61 V. Social and Related Considerations 63 A. Settlement Patterns, Area Economy and Land Values 63 B. Surrounding Land Uses and Zoning 63 C. Public Access 64 D. Economic and Fiscal Impacts 65 1. Jobs and Personal Earnings 65 2. Government Revenues 66 xxi Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 3. Kumu Hou Master Plan Compared to Existing Master Plan 66 E. Agricultural Impacts 66 VI. Infrastructure Considerations 67 A. Roads and Traffic 67 1. Access 67 2. Existing Traffic Conditions 68 3. Traffic Impacts of Kumu Hou 69 4. Proposed Traffic Mitigations 69 B. Water 71 C. Wastewater 71 D. Solid Waste 72 E. Other Government Services 72 1. Police, Fire and Emergency Services 72 2. Public Schools 73 3. Parks 73 4. Other 73 F. Other Utilities 74 1. Electrical 74 2. Cable TV 74 3. Telephone 74 VII. Regulatory Analysis 75 A. General Plan and LUPAG Map 75 B. General Plan 75 1. Land Use Element(Resort) 76 2. Economic Element 78 3. Other Elements 80 C. South Kohala Community Development Plan 83 1. Culture and Sense of Place 83 2. Community Transportation Needs 83 3. Affordable and Workforce Housing 84 4. Protection from Natural Hazards 84 5. Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability 84 D. Zoning 85 xxii Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications E. Special Management Area 85 1. Recreational Resources 85 2. Historical and Cultural Resources 86 3. Scenic and Open Space Resources 86 4. Coastal Ecosystem 86 5. Economic Uses 86 6. Coastal Hazards 8.7 7. Managing Development 87 8. Public Participation 87 9. Beach Protection 88 10. Marine Resources 88 11. SMA Policy Conclusion 88 VIII. Impact Significance Analysis 89 A. Probable Impact on the Environment 89 B. Relationship Between Short-and Long-Term Concerns 89 C. Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources 90 D. Mitigative Measures 91 E. Alternatives to the Proposed Development 93 1. No Action 93 2. Develop the Project Area Pursuant to Current Master Plan 93 3. Evaluation of Alternatives 94 xxiii Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications FIGURES Figure 1: Existing Conditions in Kumu Hou Project Area 2 Figure 2: Conceptual Master Plan for Kumu Hou Project Area 3 Figure 3: Location of Waikoloa Beach Resort 4 Figure 4: Project Area and Tax Map Keys 110 Figure 5: Surrounding Land Uses 1 1 Figure 6: Major Land Owners 1' Figure 7: Future Land Ownership After Intended Exchanges 14 Figure 8: Planned Reconfiguration of Kings' Course 16 Figure 9: Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Area A: Conceptual Plan for Timeshare and Single-Family Uses 18 Figure 10: Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Area B: Conceptual Plan for Timeshare and Golf Support Uses 19 Figure 11: Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Area B: Conceptual Plan for Public Parks and Paths 21 Figure 12: New SMA Permit Application Request#1: Remove Project Areas from SMA 2524 Figure 13:New SMA Permit Application Requests#2 and#3: Create Two New SMAs in Area A 25 Figure 14:New SMA Permit Application Request#3: Create New SMA for Areas B and C 26 Figure 15: Rezoning Plan for Area A. L2 27 Figure 16: Rezoning Plan for Area A: J1 &J2 27 Figure 17: Rezoning Plan for Area B 28 Figure 18: County Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide 32 Figure 20: Former Waikoloa Maneuver Area Remedial Investigation and Risk Assessment 38 Figure 21: Study Areas Referenced in AIS 45 Figure 22: Location of Observed Sites 47 Figure 23: Waikoloa Beach Resort Public Access 64 Figure 24: Traffic Survey Locations 68 TABLES Table 1: Summary of Kumu Hou Master Plan xv Table 2: Summary of Resort Units Entitled and Developed 7 Table 3: Summary of Kumu Hou Master Plan 15 Table 4: Area A: Current and Proposed Zoning Designations 28 Table 5: Area B: Current and Proposed Zoning Designations 29 Table 6: Project Area Distances from Shoreline 36 Table 7: Potential Faunal Impacts and Mitigation Measures 44 Table 8: Site Significance and Treatment Recommendations 48 Table 9: TCP Hawai`i's Key Informant Interviews 49 Table 10: Projected Water Demand 71 Table 11: Summary of Proposed Mitigation Measures for Kumu Hou 91 xxiv Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications APPENDICES Appendix 1: Resort and Kumu Hou Conditions and Plans Appendix 2: Preliminary Engineering Report and Traffic Impact Report Appendix 3: Biological Survey Appendix 4: Archeological Inventory Survey Appendix 5: Native Hawaiian Traditional and Customary Practices Assessment Appendix 6: Assessment of the Potential Impact on Water Resources Appendix 7: Assessment of the Marine Environment in the Vicinity of the Proposed Kumu Hou Project Appendix 8: Acoustic Study Appendix 9: Air Quality Study Appendix 10: Scenic Resources and Visual Impact Analysis Appendix 11: Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Appendix 12: Legal Description and Survey of Rezoning Areas Appendix 13: Proposed Sustainability Actions and Guidelines Appendix 14: HWSC Service Letter Appendix 15: Site L2 Conceptual Plan and Proposed Access Road Appendix 16: Entitlement Letter from Planning Director Chris Yuen ACRONYMS AIS Archaeological Inventory Survey ALISH Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawai i AMI area median income ADA Americans with Disabilities Act BMPs Best Management Practices CWRM Commission on Water Resource Management CC&Rs Covenants,Codes, and Restrictions CDP Community Development Plan cfs cubic feet per second CO carbon monoxide COZ Change of Zone CWRM Commission on Water Resource Management CSH Cultural Surveys Hawai`i DLNR Department of Land and Natural Resources DOFAW Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife DOH Department of Health DNL Day-Night Average Sound Level ESA Endangered Species Act FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map FTE Full-time equivalent GHG greenhouse gas GPD gallons per day HECO-HI Hawaiian Electric—Hawai`i Island HCC Hawai`i County Code xxv Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications HGV Hilton Grand Vacations HRS Hawaii Revised Statutes HWSC Hawaii Water Service Company LOS Level of Service LUC State of Hawaii, Land Use Commission LUPAG Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide MEC Munitions and explosives of concern MGD million gallons per day MPH miles per hour MRCI Marine Research Consultants, Inc MSL mean sea level NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRCS U.S. Department of Agriculture,Natural Resource Conservation Service PER Preliminary Engineering Report RMTC R.M. Towill Corporation RTE rare,threatened, and endangered SHPD Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division SLUD State Land Use District SMA Special Management Area TAHA Terry A. Hayes Associates Inc. TIR Traffic Impact Report TMK Tax Map Key TNWRE Tom Nance Water Resource Engineering UIC Underground Injection Control USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS United States Geological Survey UXO Unexploded Ordnances WHUC West Hawaii Utility Company WOC Wilson Okamoto Corporation WLC Waikoloa Land Company WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant xxvi Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications I. CONTEXT AND REASONS FOR THE REQUEST THIS SECTION ADDRESSES APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SMA 3A and 3B:Detailed written description of the proposed project and a statement of objectives and reasons for the request COZ County Environmental Report,A: Concerning description of the subject request See also Section II Waikoloa Land Company (WLC, or the Applicant) manages development and operations at Waikoloa Beach Resort (the Resort), including ownership and operations of its two golf courses, the Kings' Course and the Beach Course. The 18-hole Beach Course, situated makai of the Kings' Trail, features oceanfront holes and opened in 1981; the 18-hole Kings' Course, situated mauka of the Kings' Trail, opened in 1990. Following governmental orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic, both courses were closed to all play in March 2020, along with most other visitor-related facilities throughout the State of Hawai`i (State). Subsequently, with the relaxation of State and County of Hawai`i (County) travel restrictions in October 2020, the Beach Course's 18 holes reopened on November 17, 2020.4 The Applicant plans to reopen 9 of the 18 holes at the Kings' Course as demand warrants in the future. Well before 2020, however, the Applicant had recognized that broad-based market changes were decreasing demand for golf at Waikoloa as elsewhere. Over the past 20 years, golf rounds at the Resort have decreased, and in the years just before the pandemic-related shut-downs, the Resort experienced about 30%less play than it did at its peak. This occurred despite increasing visitation to the Resort, and the decline affected the Kings' Course more than the Beach Course. Decreasing golf play is consistent with national and international trends, where younger generations have demonstrated less interest in golf than their predecessors, resulting in both less play and numerous golf course closures across the country.' These golf market dynamics resulted in long-term financial challenges for the Resort, and analyses indicate that the Resort's current and long-term future demands could be comfortably supported with 27 holes. These conditions and market dynamics are the reasons for, and set the context in which, this Special Management Area (SMA) and Change of Zone(COZ) application request is made. 4 Other reopenings at Waikoloa Beach Resort soon after the State's October 15,2020 policy change regarding visitor quarantines included Hilton Kingsland on November 3,the Hilton Waikoloa Village Hotel on November 14,and the Waikoloa Beach Marriott Hotel on November 17,2020. 5 The National Golf Foundation notes that prior to 2006,there was a 20-year expansion cycle where the number of courses in the US increased by 44%,but the inventory has since contracted by about 10%.Similar trends have been observed internationally. 1 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications A. PROJECT NAME AND OVERVIEW The Applicant proposes to retain a 27-hole golf complex at the Resort, at a luxury resort standard, for a minimum of 15 years after final approval of the requested COZ applications. To accomplish this, the Applicant plans to reopen nine holes at the Kings' Course when demand warrants. Operations of these nine holes will be combined with those of the 18-hole Beach Course in a reconfigured complex. The other 9 fairways of the Kings' Course will remain closed and are proposed to be repurposed for timeshare, single-family residential, and other supportive uses in a project referred to as "Kumu Hou at Waikoloa" (Kumu Hou). Kumu Hou will be implemented within a Project Area of±182.9 acres, in three non-contiguous areas designated A, B, and C. Area A Lv0 - i 0.411‘. 1'. r J2 Area C sem ' j I. Ilix.;.91, F•„ k i 1k 14' !y 't s its. r 4 g t - 'it S t i itio, V ark y Area E4,4 AL Figure 1: Existing Conditions in Kumu Hou Project Area See Appendix 1, Exhibit 1 for copy at larger scale The name Kumu Hou was given to suggest the refreshed purpose or understanding of the lands included in the Project Area, as well as new beginnings for the Resort as a whole. Kumu Hou will encompass 1,189 residential and visitor units, all of which have LUC and SMA approvals in place, and a new brackish water irrigation system. The plan would result in no more development than what is already entitled with LUC and SMA approvals. It would create significant benefits for the local community, including 260 to 520 full-time equivalent ( FTE) construction jobs per year during its development, and over 1,000 FTE operating jobs for the long- term. These jobs would generate personal income, health care, and other employee benefits. The 2 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications project will also support numerous opportunities for small and large businesses; and substantial increases in real property and other taxes. A more detailed presentation of Kumu Hou is provided in Section III. i t Area A 3 , : is Area C90.,*' t, S: 14 me.I ':',atif'... ,,4 - Vero) '''''' ->,•f r,,, 'n: ", 40009 E K... etResortak. Neliv. f.. MMI V.. . 4 Q Area B, 4.-- tr. lop...v.."..'•. 33.3 73 f133.1 it c( r4.w.1.111. 4311 111111".. batut e••••••rein iiii 4...••••4.,.... I..,,,V. 416*1104. lo Figure 2: Conceptual Master Plan for Kumu Hou Project Area See Appendix 1, Exhibit 2 for copy at larger scale B. PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objectives of Kumu Hou are: 1. Sustainable tourism: To support the County's transition to a more sustainable tourism economy, offsetting the island's ongoing loss of hotel room inventories with timeshare units that have demonstrated more stable utilization characteristics, and that would be located within a long-established resort area; 2. Sustainable golf: To secure a sustainable, attractive and iconic golf complex at the Resort, with facilities maintained at a luxury resort quality for not less than 15 years from obtainment of final rezoning approvals for Kumu Hou; the additional 900 units proposed are considered vital to the sustainability of the Resort's golf complex; and 3. Community economic benefits: To support long-term economic and fiscal benefits for the community including new employment,personal income,and taxes,by enabling the completion of previously entitled timeshare units at the Resort. 3 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications C. LOCATION OF WAIKOLOA BEACH RESORT Kumu Hou is located within Waikoloa Beach Resort, in the ahupua'a of`Anaeho`omalu, in the South Kohala District of the Island of Hawaii. The Resort encompasses ±1,353 acres between Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and the Pacific Ocean. The County has designated it a "major resort," with entitlements for over 6,000 units. The Resort and its surroundings have long been identified by the County and State for such uses. Immediately to the north is Mauna Lani Resort, also designated a"major resort" in the County General Plan. To the south are undeveloped State lands. (Appendix 1,Exhibit 3). i" N E The Kings' Trail, an J historic pathway near the shoreline, traverses s"' A se4 r r' throughh the Resort. The w Kings' Trail is conserved 4` ;-44'=' koro,Rd- within the Resort and b w l ends identity to twoAi•x.• ,Ji•4Na {g I'/ fK'D. J rapt t`bo. . k- distinct areas: amakai area of approximately 500 mak,,, acres, and a mauka area of pmNd approximately 853 acres.O, a Mauna y -- t 7rr,' Kumu Hou is located2;i J L 4ika HYD tii w.a Mme'entirely within the mauka t ,41/ ,. - „ portion of the Resort. rP ti Figure 3: Location of Waikoloa Beach Resort See Appendix 1,Exhibit 3 for copy at larger scale. D. RESORT ENTITLEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS 1. Key Entitlements Conceived in the 1960s by the Boise Cascade Home and Land Corp., Waikoloa Beach Resort was one of the first major resort areas approved in West Hawaii as the County and State of Hawaii worked to establish a modern, high quality resort industry during a period in which agriculture in the region was in decline. Key entitlement milestones for the Resort include: LUC (initial)- In 1968, the State LUC reclassified 500-acres of Waikoloa property to the State Urban District to allow for resort uses in an area extending from the coastline between Anaeho`omalu Bay and Waiulua Bay, and the Kings' Trail. SMA -In 1977,the Hawaii County Planning Commission issued SMA Major Permit 25, which addressed 853 acres in addition to the 500 acres that had been urbanized by the LUC. 4 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications This effectively extended the resort entitlements mauka to Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, and permitted the development of up to 3,000 hotel rooms and 3,430 multifamily units. LUC (extension) - In 1990, the State LUC reclassified the additional 853 acres that were entitled by SMA Permit 25 into the State Urban District,resulting in the overall resort area of 1,353 acres that is recognized today. The additional acreage was approved in consideration of a noted market trend toward higher quality and lower density facilities. General Plan-The 2005 Hawai`i County General Plan designated Waikoloa Beach Resort as a "major resort," and recognized its being within a resort node on the County's Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG), with approvals for up to 3,000 visitor units. The 2005 Hawai`i County General Plan is currently under review and undergoing public comments and input,with a target adoption date of September 2021.The draft general plan, General Plan 2040" continues to designate Waikoloa Beach Resort as a major resort. Zoning- In 1990, Waikoloa Development Co., a subsidiary of WLC, submitted an application to expand the boundaries of Waikoloa Resort in the mauka direction. The application made references to tax map keys (TMKs) 6-8-001: 26, 32, 33, 34, & 35 and noted the areas of application involved 858.5 acres.' Among other things, the State and County approvals provide for a total of 3,000 visitor units encompassing hotel and timeshare units), 3,430 residential units (which may include timeshare units on multifamily zoned parcels, including some of the subject 1,164 units)8, and multiple golf courses. The Applicant subsequently agreed to reduce the maximum residential units at the Resort to 3,365 units, yielding the current entitlement of 6,365 units (3,000 visitor units and 3,365 residential units). One condition of the 1990 LUC reclassification to the Urban District is a development setback from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. The condition specifies an average 800-foot setback, with a meandering boundary to be defined by the petitioner,and the resulting area preserved in perpetuity through a conservation easement. Within this setback area, the first 200 feet are intended to be natural open space" while the next 600 feet may also include golf-related and certain other uses. 6 The "hotel room" unit cap is interpreted by the Planning Department to govern all visitor units, while the multifamily unit" cap is interpreted to govern all residential units including multi- and single-family units at the Resort(see also footnote 8 below).SMA 25 has been amended twice to date;both amendments provided additional time for completion of another golf course(SMA condition#12).The first,confirmed in 2001,provided an extension to 2007, and the second, confirmed in 2007, provided an extension to 2013. Additionally, SMA 412, which was approved in 2000, covers the beach club parcel and related recreational/restaurant/residential/office uses at the southern end of the Resort.Any units to be developed within this parcel are counted against the 3,000 visitor units covered by SMA 25. TMK numbers in this mauka area have since been modified and may vary from those referred to herein. 8 An October 11, 2007 letter from former County Planning Director Chris Yuen, attached herein as Appendix 16, established that the classification of units as"visitor"or" resident"units depends on both use and underlying zoning. Visitor units are defined as all hotel units, plus timeshare units located on lands zoned Resort (V), or on lands requiring rezoning to V, Multifamily (RM) or Commercial (CV) to accommodate timeshare use. Following this determination, the 900 timeshare units proposed in part on the repurposed golf lands are counted as visitor units, while the 264 timeshare units that are currently entitled on Multifamily (RM) land within Area B, but which are proposed to be consolidated into Area A,are counted as residential units. 5 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 2. Completed Development As of March 2021, the Resort included 1,604 visitor units,including some marketed as hotel units, and some as timeshare units. The Resort also included 1,810 residential units, of which 724 were timeshare units and 1,086 were multifamily condominiums,single-family homes,or single-family lots. Completed projects include the following9: Timeshare - 908 units marketed by Hilton and Marriott-related entities: 472 in the Resort's makai area and 436 in its mauka area.10 Hotel - Three properties with a total of 1,420 rooms: 1,121 at the Hilton Waikoloa Village,295 at the Waikoloa Beach Marriott Resort& Spa,and four visitor units at the Lava Lava Beach Club. The hotel inventory has been reduced in recent years by conversion of some hotel rooms to timeshare use; units already converted are eliminated from this existing hotel inventory and included in the timeshare inventory above. Golf- Two courses: the Kings' Course (18 holes) and the Beach Course (18 holes), with a 24,663 square foot clubhouse,driving range, and other supporting facilities.The Kings' Course, which was shuttered during the mandated COVID-19 shut downs, remains closed as of this date. A second former clubhouse located near Vista Waikoloa on Keana Place has been used as a restaurant and property management office. Multifamily residential - Seven multifamily condominium projects, with a total of 1,017 units: 897 in the makai area and 120 in the mauka area. Single-family properties—Sixty-nine single-family lots or homes, including 29 at the Kolea and Naupaka Place projects in the makai area, and 40 developed to date at Ainamalu in the mauka area. Commercial - Two commercial centers: the Kings' Shops and the Queens' MarketPlace. The Waikoloa Bowl-A performance amphitheater used for community entertainment and events. Other-A beach club;petroglyph and other historical preserves; anchialine ponds and other natural preserves;public access ways and parking; an average 800-foot highway setback; private roads and other infrastructure, facilities, and amenities. 3. Unit Summary In summary, the Resort is entitled for a total of 6,365 units, representing 3,000 visitor units and 3,365 residential units. These entitlements are supported by SMA 25 and by the County General Plan. When originally granted in 1977, SMA 25 referred to these visitor units as"hotel units,"and the residential units were referred to as "multifamily units." (See footnotes 6 and 8, above for further information.) 9 Some of these facilities remain closed as of April 2021 as a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. 10 The County considers the 436 timeshare units located in the mauka area to be residential units based on their zoning status, but they are grouped with timeshare units classified as visitor units in this narrative. 6 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications After accounting for the 1,604 visitor and 1,810 residential units already developed at the Resort, remaining entitlements as of March 2021 include 1,396 more visitor units and 1,555 more residential units. These remaining entitlements will accommodate the proposed developments at Kumu Hou. Within Area A, the 264 timeshare units, whose density is being consolidated from already RM-zoned sites, and 25 the single-family units will represent a share of the 1,555 remaining residential entitlements. Within Area B,the 900 timeshare units to be located on lands proposed for rezoning to Project District are covered within the 1,396 remaining visitor unit entitlements. Table 2: Summary of Resort Units Entitled and Developed As of May 2021 Remaining Entitled Developed entitled Notes Visitor units 3,000 1,604 1,396 Hotel and timeshare units on resort- zoned lands Residential 3,365 1,810 1,555 Single-family and condominium units, units plus timeshare units on RM-zoned lands Total units 6,365 3,414 2,951 Source: Waikoloa Land Company, 2021 7 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications This page intentionally left blank. 8 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications II. KUMU HOU PROJECT DESCRIPTION THIS SECTION ADDRESSES APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SMA application requirements 3B through D: o 3B - "Detailed written description of the proposed project and a statement of objectives and reasons for the request. " o 3C: "Description of the subject property in sufficient detail to precisely locate the property. Describe existing uses, structures and topography. " See also Section WA. o 3D: "A statement of the valuation of the proposed use, activity or operation. " Section II.H.6 herein addresses COZapplication requirement 7: "A legal description of the property in map and written form by metes and bounds as certified by a surveyor shall be submitted with this application. "See also Appendix 12. COZ County Environmental Report requirement A, concerning description of the subject request. See also Section I A. PROJECT AREA TMK parcels touched by Kumu Hou total approximately±362.7 acres, including all or portions of TMKs (3) 6- 9-008: 013, 021, 022, 025, 027, 028, 029, 031 (por.), and 033. Within these TMKs, the areas planned for development cover ±182.9 acres. These ±182.9 acres are referred to herein as the Project Area. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 4) All Project Area lands are currently owned by WDC or Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC (Hilton Kingsland). Hilton Kingsland is an entity that holds land at the Resort for timeshare owner and operator Hilton Grand Vacations(HGV). The Project Area includes three noncontiguous sub-areas that are separated by Waikoloa Beach Drive, existing fairways and other developments. Area A, the northernmost of the three areas, is ±45.9 acres. After agreed-upon land exchanges between the two current owners,Hilton Kingsland will own±38.6 acres referred to as Sites J1 and J2, while the Applicant will own±7.3 acres, shown as Site L2. Area B, located between two segments of Waikoloa Beach Drive, which forms a loop, is approximately ±133.8 acres, and includes an area previously referred to as Site M2, plus other areas. The Applicant will own all of Area B after the intended land exchanges. Area C,west and north of Area B, encompasses±3.1 acres on which a new brackish water irrigation source will be developed to support the landscape irrigation needs of Areas A and B. While the exact routing of future distribution lines for this system are not yet known, any such future routes are considered included in these permit applications. 9 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 11111114110 414 I,,,';,' Area A / Niiip,/, (. 59.008 027 :III\i gi'' 4 %% . m L-rift Id 1I 11M674 111,.it ALTMtPar<el Atea Approx Project Current County acres)Area(acres) Zoning Area A6-9-008:021 26.7 26.7 RM-8 6-9-008:027(por.) 17.0 6.2 Open 69.008:028(poi.) 61.7 12.7 Open 6. 9-000:031(poi) 12 0.3 Road Subtotal: 106 6 45.9 Area B6. 9-008:013(por.) 125.5 29.5 Open 6-9-0010313(por.) 02 02 RM-4 6-9-008:022 21.7 21. 7 RM-8 6-9-008:025 4. 5 4.5 CV-10 6-9-008:029(pa.) 92.0 65.8 Open L-_ 6-9-008:033 122 122 RM-4 Legend Subtotal: 256.1 133.8 Area c Tax Map Key Parcels 6-9-008.013(pot.) 125 7 1.2 Open Affected Tax Map Key Parcels 6.9-008:028(pot.) 61.7 1.9 Open Subtotal 187.4 3.1 QProject Area Total: 362.7, 182.9 A=Mirliearrrr.rwdare.*ma........41............* Figure 4: Project Area and Tax Map Keys See Appendix 1,Exhibit 4 for copy at larger scale. B. SURROUNDING LAND USES AND MAJOR OWNERS The land ownership and land uses surrounding Kumu Hou are considered as follows (Appendix 1,Exhibits 5 and 6): 10 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Currently, Area A is surrounded by: To its north —Undeveloped lands owned by DI-IL Mahi Property Co., LLC, owner of the Mauna Lani Bay Hotel & Bungalows, the golf courses and other undeveloped lands at Mauna Lani Resort. To its east—A planned 420-unit single- and multifamily residential subdivision known as Ainamalu being developed by JPL Hawaii, LLC. To date, some 40 single-family homes and/or lots have been completed or entitled in the subdivision. `Ainamalu is a Waikoloa Resort Association member. To its south — The Kings' Course holes 7 to 9; beyond that, existing timeshare condominium units constituting a portion of Kings' Land by Hilton Grand Vacations. This area is linked to Waikoloa Beach Drive by Puakala Place. To its west — The Kings' Trail and beyond that, the 168-unit Waikoloa Colony Villas condominium development. 49 Black j / r id Beach l y a Ke Kellen) ; , • ..) viii0 1 z Nth , fi $ Golf JVii „ Villas Ainamalu f Francis H.l. iCourses 2,Golf Courses Z Ocean Tower AbyHGV 1 milk Waiulua Hali"i Kai -1NOW 3 —Bay,t0 W.ulkolo,Ka)gs V1Go.1 couae ColonywIi4o -vivas 4 Hid. 47,....p Kings;Land Waikoloa' The Bay Club `ee by Hilton Grand V Ilage r i Vacatioris\f t i i r ' r KohalaC` Ir Parcc N The Shores f('-` Suites(HGV) ` Place]i o V Waikoloa Jaikolca Beach t"i kings' endiBeactrResorte°1 Cou"sel/g' chialine 1............ rA Beach Course S Tom` , PondIlk VistaI Clubhouse Waikolo.0 Heliport W ikol Blue Hawaiian VI, \rway /PRseryph. n e• Helicopters) Vrwayi / Reserve a O. 4 Kings v t ck I. Marriott, - Lake a Resorts&Spa 4 Kings' Waikoloaf P I f Slw.s Beach Villas c Kuualii 0411r e -_Fishpond ea 7•.,. AnaehoomaluBay J- Qieens' , Waikoloa_ 1, iLay.,lavaKi;” Marketplace Bowl Beacli•Club i ' / // Figure 5: Surrounding Land Uses See Appendix 1, Exhibit 5 for copy at larger scale. Currently, Area B is surrounded by: To its north — The Kings' Course holes 10 to 12; beyond that, timeshare condominium units, constituting the balance of existing development at Kings' Land by Hilton Grand Vacations, and Waikoloa Beach Drive. To its east — Open space, including an average 800-foot setback area required as a condition of the 1990 LUC reclassification. Beyond this buffer area is Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, a major regional thoroughfare in West Hawai`i. 11 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications To its south —Waikoloa Beach Drive; beyond that, the Waikoloa Bowl amphitheater and public gathering place, and the Queens' MarketPlace shopping center. To its west — Ala Ihi Way; the 120-unit Waikoloa Beach Villas; a petroglyph reserve; a Resort utility area;beyond those,the Kings' Trail,the Kings' Shops,Kings' Lake,the 165- unit Waikoloa Fairway Villas, and portions of the Beach Course. Currently, Area C is surrounded by: To its north—Waikoloa Beach Drive and/or the Kings' Course holes 4, 5 and 6. To its east—Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. To its south—Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and setback areas. To its west—Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway setback areas; existing Kings' Land timeshare developments. Major land owners in the Project Area and its surroundings are as shown below. HeI Kr i!r Golf Vilio aP M IAa Lna tar.Re<ort 2 GC To 4, --.., .. .Sunslone RidgerloanVenture Watutuo y r , may40000, 1111 L- —„,,Colony, viw,li- Area C Mia—yatwalkolos Beach Resort\ , i JA N. / Shores'1 t"+• 2- at Wukaloa Beed,Resortinom .r r ( / ' l r ( G_ Association inc-"-,\.,,,___ T 11 ice, p•' _ Cordomrntu .Vllac' mNN\( lZ.,41 1SMGIHotel. Waikoloa LIC:,\\ /'+ i Waioba" iJ\ 1 Beat nydlas! AnaehoomaluBoy Ii:a'e ach Dr KS Came LIC I CNeenilT \ ,. mune . Markel LLCt`'• \ , O PrWaikoloa7--- oject Area Waikoloa Land Co.¬ed entities f/• Q Wmkoloa Beach Resort NI Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC ABG Waikoloa LLC ellcaorrtal.. Tan Map Key Parcels Other HiltonrotatedEntities c DHL Mahi Propeny Co.LLC Co' PuNani soak'. PL Hawaii LLC ako LLC tainomrakuaPartners(IC lb• +• ' El+ i \\\` ' Stat. I Hawk Figure 6: Major Land Owners See Appendix 1,Exhibit 6 for copy at larger scale. 12 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications C. CURRENT LAND USE DESIGNATIONS The Project Area, as well as the entire Resort, has been designated for resort use by the County and State since 1977. Current land use designations of the Project Area itself are discussed in detail in Section III and include: State Land Use - Urban(Appendix 1, Exhibit 7) County General Plan and County Land Use Plan Allocation Guide(LUPAG) -Resort Node (Appendix 1, Exhibit 8) South Kohala Community Development Plan (CDP) — While the Project area is not specifically highlighted in the plan, the South Kohala CDP defers to and lists the"Urban" State Land Use District and the County LUPAG"Resort Node" land use designations for the general area that includes the Mauna Lani Resort and the Waikoloa Beach Resort. County Zoning—Multifamily residential (RM-8,RM-6), Commercial (CV-10), and Open Appendix 1, Exhibit 9) Special Management Area (SMA) -Within the SMA (Appendix 1, Exhibit 10) D. PROJECT CONCEPT Kumu Hou at Waikoloa is a long-range conceptual plan that is proposed to conserve 27 holes of golf at the Resort (18 at the Beach Course and 9 at the Kings' Course) at a luxury resort level for a minimum of 15 years after final approval of the requested COZ applications. Nine holes of the current Kings' Course configuration, encompassing ±73.5 acres owned by the Applicant, will be closed. These lands will be repurposed for timeshare and single-family residential uses. These actions recognize that the Resort's current 36-hole golf complex is unsustainable in the long-term, given broad-based market changes that have decreased demand for golf at the Resort and elsewhere. Additionally, the plan includes development of a new brackish water source to serve the landscape irrigation needs of Kumu Hou. This system would eliminate the current reliance on potable water resources for landscape irrigation within the Project Area, and even with the additional developments planned, is estimated to result in a 0.3 to 1.0 MGD reduction in withdrawals of brackish water from the `Anaeho`omalu Aquifer System. WLC will maintain and protect the system so as to prevent it becoming a nuisance or breeding ground for pests,and thereby diminishing the character of the Resort. The Plan is expected to attract some$1.2 billion in private investment to Hawai`i Island, generating significant employment and economic benefits for residents, and substantial additional tax and other fiscal benefits for County and State governments. Agreements between Hilton Resorts Corporation, Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC, and the Applicant provide for various land exchanges to facilitate: 1) a favorable alignment and high quality of play on the Resort's 27 retained golf course holes; and 2) consolidated development parcels fronting the reconfigured golf course, allowing ongoing timeshare development and operations that meet the luxury standards of the Resort. 13 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Kumu Hou will support 1,189 residential units,all of which already have LUC and SMA approvals in place. Of this total, 1,164 units are planned as timeshare units; among the timeshare units, 264 units are already located on the Resort's master plan,while 900 are not. Additionally, Kumu Hou will include 25 single-family lots in an area adjacent to one of the retained golf holes and the developing `Ainamalu sub-division. It will also offer a new brackish water irrigation system. Kumu Hou will be implemented within a Project Area of±182.9 acres, in three non-contiguous areas. Preliminary conceptual plans are described as follows(see also Figure 2, presented previously): yr Area A will support r•\.. .. - iiv .• Q 264 timeshare units already 71 planned by HGV. These units tj,+ Area are currently planned in J2 ‘ N. ,,N several sites, and are fully N ' 1k4/ entitled with RM zoning.00 rte•_ Kumu Hou would, , „„,.....„ consolidate these units in the f iv , 4- _c- c ' sites shown as J1 and J2.Area A will also accommodate 25 irt 0,-:- single-family lots (not timeshares) on the parcel r, Atitoio „ shown as L2. 44106.Area B will support 900 additional timeshare d Protea Area 4 1 D l' ,ax Map Key Parcels units, related support and Hilton K, lano 1 community facilities, ME Wa.koloa Development Company updated golf amenities, and new public parks and paths. Figure 7: Future Land Ownership After Intended Exchanges Under the current master See Appendix 1,Exhibit 11 for copy at larger scale. plan,Area B also includes up to 87 condominium units where Kumu Hou instead shows a new golf clubhouse and open space; these 87 units would no longer be developed. Area C will be developed with a new brackish water irrigation source to support the landscape irrigation needs of Areas A and B. Although the exact routing of future distribution lines for this system are not yet known or mapped, any such future routes are considered included in this SMA Major permit application. Conceptual land use and landscape plans have been developed with attention to the Plan's visual impacts from public vantage points; conservation of noteworthy natural lava outcroppings, trees and other established landscape elements; and conservation of water resources. The Plan also provides for additional public access along new paths, parks, and other open spaces. In total, the Kumu Hou Master Plan retains±126 acres, or approximately 69%of the Project Area, in uses that would continue to offer open vistas. These include new areas available to all, such as public parks, 14 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications and paths. In addition, areas that will continue to feature open vistas include landscaped areas around the residential and commercial developments, conserved natural lava, and renaturalized lava landscapes. Kumu Hou would make no changes to the large (average 800-foot) setback from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway,where the natural lava is conserved. In contrast,the" open spaces"of the nine fairways that would remain closed represent±73.5 acres, and were accessible only to active golfers under the existing Resort master plan. All plan elements will comply with conditions stated in the Resort's guiding LUC and SMA approvals, including maintenance of the established Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway setback. Compared to the Resort's existing context and master plan,Kumu Hou offers 900 more timeshare units,conservation of nine holes at the Kings' Course,± 3.0 more acres of public open spaces and paths,and a new brackish irrigation water system. It would include up to 25 single-family lots but no new condominium developments.Kumu Hou would not affect the average 800-foot open space setback from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. Table 3: Summary of Kumu Hou Master Plan Elements Comment Planned timeshare 1,164 Includes 264 units already addressed on Resort's existing units land use plan,and 900 not currently located on the plan Other planned 25 Single-family lots residential units Golf holes at Kings' 9 9 holes of existing Kings' Course to be retained,and 9 to Course be repurposed for timeshare and related uses,new golf clubhouse and driving range, and support uses; 18 holes at Beach Course(outside of Project Area)will not be affected Open space areas 126 acres Landscaped open areas,natural and renaturalized areas of lava. Public parks and 3.0 acres New pedestrian paths and two community parks with paths recreational amenities(within the open space areas noted above) Landscape Brackish Elimination of reliance on potable water for irrigation; irrigation vv ater water estimated to enable a 0.3 to 1.0 million gallon per day sources MGD)reduction in withdrawals of brackish water from the underlying aquifer Queen Ka'ahumanu Average 800- No change to existing highway setback areas. Highway setback foot setback Source:PBR HAWAII,2021 The Waikoloa Foundation, an initiative to support cultural, environmental, and educational interests in the Hawaii Island community, was established by WLC in 1987. Implementation of Kumu Hou will further endow the Foundation with a share of the gross sales value of initial sales of timeshare units in Area B as they are realized. These donations are estimated to generate $40 million to $50 million in additional endowment funds for the Foundation over an approximately 15 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 2027 to 2042 timeshare sales period, in 2020 dollars. Other timeshare developments elsewhere in the Resort could further augment the Foundation in the future. Please see https://waikoloaland.com/foundation/for more information on the Foundation. Finally, while the Resort's affordable housing commitments were satisfied by a donation of 300 net acres of land to the County and other considerations, the Applicant recognizes a demand for more affordable workforce rental housing in West Hawaii, and Kumu Hou would enhance the financial feasibility of addressing this situation. In anticipation, the Applicant has identified a 25.4-acre site south of the Queens' MarketPlace that could be suitable for affordable workforce rental housing and has initiated discussions with potential developers for a project of not less than 142 units. If undertaken,this would be the first affordable housing developed within a major resort in West Hawaii. This initiative is considered complementary to, but not part of, the Kumu Hou Master Plan. E. PROPOSED ACTION — CONCEPTUAL PROJECT ELEMENTS This section provides further details on the long-range conceptual development plans for facilities within the Kumu Hou Project Area. Permanent Kings' Course 9-Hole Routing 1. Fairway Transitions Kumu Hou will enable j conservation of all 18 holes of the Beach Course,and nine holes atthe Kings' Course. The Kings' Course n A. p‘ nine will be maintained and t, iO 1 , I operated at a luxury resort standard 04, for a minimum of 15 years after r'' :d G \ final approval of the requested a ,, a•; COZ applications. The Plan t involves no closures or major i alterations at the Beach Course.t s^ 1, Except where a pond or utility lines are required by the proposed new irrigation system, the nine holes planned to be reopened at the Kings' Course are not affected by Kumu Hou. Therefore, other than ry J) those limited areas within Area C, y,4d• r the Kings' Course fairways are not Illf considered part of the Project Area.ifk • However,the configuration of play a'. .•`#.., 1 within the Kings' Course former footprint will undergo various Figure 8: Planned Reconfiguration of Kings' Course transitions to accommodate the See Appendix 1,Exhibit 12 for copy at larger scale. 16 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications repurposing of lands for Kumu Hou. These transitions are described here as context for the Kumu Hou Master Plan elements. The Kings' Course holes 1, 2, 3, and 13 through 18 would be transitioned out of service, and the other nine holes integrated into an updated 27-hole Resort golf layout. (Appendix 1,Exhibit 12). One or more interim routes of the Kings' Course nine holes may be implemented during a transitional period(Appendix 1,Exhibit 13). The Kumu Hou Master Plan also includes relocation of the golf clubhouse and other support facilities as described for Area B,below. 2. Area A—Timeshare Units Area A is planned for up to 264 timeshare units to be developed by HGV on ±38.6 acres known as Sites JI and J2. These units have been fully entitled within the Resort,but their density is now planned to be shifted to this area. After the intended land exchanges, Hilton Kingsland 1 will own J1 and J2. These sites will be accessed from Waikoloa Beach Drive via Puakala Place and will front fairways 8 and 9 of the reconfigured Kings' Course.The conceptual plan shows a potential layout for 12 single-loaded,2- story buildings similar to those previously developed by HGV nearby. The layout depicted is considered a maximum ground cover and may represent an appearance of higher density than what is ultimately developed, since some or all of future development could alternatively be designed with double-loaded buildings such as can be seen in the existing developments to the south of Site J1, as shown in Figure 9 (Appendix 1,Exhibit 14). 17 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications s 7, Akj'' 71AJ ,. 1 A1,4'MEM 4fit F 4.1**''''*- ' i-' ' r".."..s."•• L MIWwA.— +ws4irr+uMari Ai*jf 1. J•' G° i it t L.. _, ../ s in U: I' r - v f' ` Kumu lHou at Waikoloa s4 . ice tib •...,I Figure 9: Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Area A: Conceptual Plan for Timeshare and Single- Family Uses See Appendix 1,Exhibit 14 for copy at larger scale. The timeshare units will be complemented with private recreational, open space, water, and landscape amenities, similar in character to products previously developed in this area. The timeshare units would be supported by required parking, conceptually depicted at 1.25 spaces per unit. Timeshare units in this area could be serviced from HGV's existing operations center on Puakala Place and could have access to the HGV clubhouse located nearby. Figure 9 shows a conceptual development scheme. Specific building types and their locations, amenities, landscape treatments and plant selections, and other design elements would be determined by HGV during the final, ministerial permitting for developments within the area. Development in this area could also include community, commercial or meeting facilities to serve the timeshare units, in compliance with County zoning and the Resort's Design Guidelines. 3. Area A—Sin2le-familv Residential Lots Area A also includes a± 7.3-acre site known as L2,which will front the reconfigured golf fairways 6 and 7. The Applicant will own this site after the intended land exchanges, and it is proposed to be developed with up to 25 single-family lots of approximately 8,000 to 10,000 square feet each. Buyers could develop custom homes on these lots over time. Access to Area A will be via the 18 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications existing `Ainamalu residential subdivision being developed by JPL Hawaii,LLC; a conceptual lot layout and access route is depicted in Appendix 15. 4. Area B—Timeshare Units Area B is planned for 900 timeshare units distributed over portions of a ±133.8-acre site also known as M2. The Applicant will own all of Site M2 after the agreed-upon land exchanges. The 900 units planned for this area are not currently included on the Resort's existing master plan but are enabled by lands that will become available due to the repurposed golf fairways. The timeshare units in Area B are conceptually planned to be accessed from two points on Waikoloa Beach Drive that link to an internal road. The first access point would be approximately 1,100 feet from the northernmost intersection of Waikoloa Beach Drive and Queen Ka`ahumanu highway, a signalized intersection. The second access point would be approximately 4,400 feet beyond that,or approximately 400 feet from the intersection of Waikoloa Beach Drive and Ala Ihi Way. Y,•?*It7' 4-iir*-- ir..„. , k .°.Itkti-),, 1.' * nTatt 1 t om, A v., -. yy.a etTt:..---...-- to tie s t.. " . g+''`/ t, c C.1. r a; Kum.Moo A'ea 6.Conceptual Plan for Ifines/ace and Golf Sodom.Uses yx:k,m'Kumu Hou at Waikoloa A,,,,, x., Figure 10: Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Area B: Conceptual Plan for Timeshare and Golf Support Uses See Appendix 1, Exhibit 15 for copy at larger scale. The conceptual plan shown above depicts a potential layout for 17 double-loaded buildings. As illustrated, buildings 1 through 10 face the reconfigured fairways 1, 2 and 3, and/or private water, recreational or other amenities to be developed. Buildings 11 through 17 would have garden 19 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications orientations, and several may offer near range views of the practice range, and clubhouse, and long-range views of Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Hualalai and the Kohala mountains. Parking around the timeshare buildings is conceptually depicted at 1.25 spaces per unit but does not account for related parking to be provided around the community and associated service areas. Final plans could have less parking immediately adjacent to the visitor units,and therefore the plan that is developed could have more open and/or green spaces than illustrated here. 5. Area B—Community Support Facilities The timeshare units in Area B are proposed to be supported by: Community center—Up to 40,000 square feet of building area are planned for sales and meeting facilities,a pool,and other private recreational uses supporting the timeshare units in Area B. The allocated building area could be offered in a single or two locations. The conceptual plan illustrates a main center on Waikoloa Beach Drive, accessed via a right- in/right-out driveway, and a potential second location close to Buildings 7 and 8. Retail—A convenience retail center of approximately 3,000 square feet is planned near the community center. Operations center—An operations center of up to 32,000 square feet is planned to support back-of-house housekeeping and general maintenance services supporting the 900 timeshare units. Vehicular access to this facility is planned via Ala Ihi Way. After parking any private vehicles nearby, service employees would use cart paths and internal roads from this central facility to travel to staging areas within each timeshare building. Additional employee or other parking — Some three acres of land are illustrated surrounding the operations center and the golf clubhouse (see below), providing ± 200 parking stalls in total plus loading zones. These areas are sized to exceed the anticipated needs of the two facilities, depending on the programming of the facilities. These areas could satisfy additional employee or other parking demands, if any, with access from Ala Ihi Way. If not needed, such impervious areas could be reduced, providing more open and/or green spaces within the Project Area. 6. Area B—Golf Support Facilities Golf support facilities in Area B are proposed to include: Relocation of the clubhouse serving the Kings' and the Beach golf courses to a new site along Ala Ihi Way, from its current location off of Waikoloa Beach Drive. The new clubhouse is planned to include up to 20,000 square feet, including food and beverage facility(ies),cart storage and other service or support facilities. Relocation of the golf driving range to a site parallel to buildings 15, 16 and 17, with an estimated range of 330 yards. This realignment would offer mauka views. A cart path leading from the clubhouse north to the starter building at the corner of Ala Ihi Way and Waikoloa Beach Drive.This path would be reserved with an easement should the Applicant sell the lands. 20 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 7. Area B-Public Parks and Paths Area B will offer new amenities to expand access and enhance pedestrian and multimodal experiences for all those visiting the Resort, and is intended to be turned over to the Waikoloa Resort Association upon completion. Conceptual plans include: Parks and open space features - Two Gateway Parks are planned to front either side of Ala Ihi Way at its southern intersection with Waikoloa Beach Drive. The parks could include lawn areas for gatherings and other outdoor activities, a children's play structure, shade pavilion and trees,other landscaping, seating,areas retained in natural condition and vehicular parking in conformance to the Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA). Pedestrian paths - A grade-separated path is planned along Ala Ihi Way to connect its two intersections with Waikoloa Beach Drive. This path system would extend into and through the Gateway Parks, ultimately linking Kumu Hou to the Waikoloa Bowl, the Queens' MarketPlace, Kings' Shops, and existing public beach access. Within the new Gateway Parks, conceptual additional recreational paths are illustrated. The paths are intended to accommodate walkers,joggers, strollers, and similar pedestrian uses. LEGEND r 1' O fr."INQYMrtoMTuMN: - t rOG.n.asts Y.._ arrwtrw.rrnurrua i ' 0 . c).1 LWt[kVM ti O O(NOL MUG MM OpFMIlIOKIW fDLK IMga CI1212101,:0 2222.2.01/MIC MD MVOS O'OO(UYiK OI NfA 1l9Ntr tOlK.t IDII OMa[l.00s,tn. CNaso...rum h ` 0 • aN[rryLNpm WN anuow.r.s.trv. 8 ua LwmrNrc KCDrt MOVItl[LiNIgI1dMA.R1. si fJ"''''=Y a..eo.7,w DL I., ,K. t o 8 nnvLNNrcMOM raLsnr t le vs OmK nOYlYN4IIV. O K I4HK YFM[l[.W Krnt 0 M{ 4" ' P„ • s m O1 f t ®O N r` _m g-,;, "l ©•i' :: ®N® v 4^` ro --ti t _. r WAKOLOA BEACH DRIVE Nt I rnitml thKumuNDu Arca a- ,..- ._n -an',Publ. Parks s. _ and Oath '-.. , 4 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa nb20 AO 00 a PK fl llt." Figure 11: Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Area B: Conceptual Plan for Public Parks and Paths See Appendix 1,Exhibit 16 for copy at larger scale. 21 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 8.Landscape Concepts and Open Space Landscaping throughout Kumu Hou has been conceptualized to honor the existing volcanic terrain and emphasize native and water-conserving designs and selections, as appropriate to the product market orientation. Retained open spaces include large expanses of `a` a lava to be preserved and/or renaturalized to reduce water use and honor the natural landscape. To conserve water resources, the use of an automatically controlled water efficient irrigation system is proposed. Irrigation systems would be installed for plant establishment during construction. Where used, the layout of water efficient sprinkler heads and drip irrigation will provide a uniform distribution pattern. Attention will be given to avoid over- spraying into paved areas. The sprinkler heads are proposed be selected so their precipitation rates do not exceed the infiltration rate of the soil; this will conserve water by reducing run-off. It will also prevent the leaching of nutrients, pesticides, and fertilizers in the soil past the root zone. Native and adaptive shade trees are proposed where appropriate. Medium tree species with a minimum of two-inch caliper would be planted to provide shade in parking areas, and shrubs with a minimum of 42 inches in height to provide a visual screen of parking areas per Hawai`i County Code (HCC) Section 25-4-59.3. Landscape selections will consider native and adaptive species' stormwater management characteristics. The Kumu Hou Gateway Park pathways and open spaces are conceived to incorporate areas of natural lava and/or unmanicured meadow with native grasses and plants to reduce maintenance and water use. Altogether, approximately 69%of Kumu Hou, or±126 acres, is planned as open space(Appendix 1,Exhibit 22). This is preliminarily estimated as±91 acres of paths, pools, renaturalized lava, and other landscaped areas open to the sky, ±3 acres of landscaped/improved areas in two new public parks and public pedestrian paths, and ±32 acres of retained natural lava. F. ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY WLC has long had programs in place to steward the natural and built environments of the Resort, honoring its rich cultural history and unique beauty. The Applicant is committed to promoting guidelines and programs for Kumu Hou that continue to promote environmental stewardship via design principles and best practices. The opportunities and constraints applicable to such measures can be expected to evolve over the extended development and operating periods anticipated, due to ongoing climate and other environmental changes, technological advances, societal standards, and the like. This section presents measures that the Applicant is planning or considering, as well as ideas and guidelines for future operational practices. The proposed sustainability actions are organized into conceptual elements of water; natural beauty and culture; and energy and the built environment. They address measures to be adopted in the design, construction, and operations phases of Kumu Hou. 22 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Proposed sustainability actions and guidelines reflect the State and County philosophies and requirements, along with enhancements to facilitate responsible stewardship, as detailed in Appendix 13. Further explanation and specifics for many of the proposed actions may be found in subsequent sections to this document, and in the technical studies included herein as Appendices 2 through 11. These appendices reflect water and engineering, flora/fauna, archeological, cultural, ground water,nearshore water,noise, air, view,and economic impact studies conducted for Kumu Hou. G. DEVELOPMENT TIMETABLE AND VALUATION Development of Kumu Hou would represent a long-term build-out. As for any other master- planned resort project, exact start and completion dates cannot be foreseen, nor comprehensive future costs determined in advance. The timing and pace of such outcomes will depend on economic,market,finance, community, environmental, and other conditions that will manifest and fluctuate over time. This section presents conceptual estimates of timeframes and project costs that are based on the Master Plan as presented and other factors that are currently known or anticipated. The Kings' Course has been closed since the State restricted travel to the islands in March 2020. Nine holes will be reopened as demand warrants, with up to two interim routings implemented before the long-term, 9-hole configuration is achieved. Conceptually, it is estimated that construction of Kumu Hou could commence as soon as 2025. Thereafter, the first Kumu Hou timeshare units could be ready for occupancy in 2027, with full absorption of Kumu Hou timeshare interests potentially occurring by around 2043. The proposed 25 single-family lots are preliminarily estimated to be sold between 2027 and 2030, with private home development occurring on each lot thereafter, based on their buyers' individual goals and timeframes. Full implementation of Kumu Hou is estimated to cost±$1.2 billion, in 2020 dollars, representing major, new private investment in Hawaii Island. H. REQUESTED ACTIONS Given the above, this document and County Environmental Report is submitted to support the concurrent processing and approval of the requests presented below. 23 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 1. Amend SMA 25 to Remove Kumu Hou Amend SMA 25 to remove Area A(±45.9 acres), Area B (±133.8 acres) and Area C (±3.1 acres") as shown below). x v` tarok a II ,. c c, teach Dr 1,/ Area C II de, 4, ' I Anaehoomalu r Figure 12: New SMA Permit Application Request #1: Remove Project Areas from SMA 25 See Appendix I,Exhibit 17 for copy at larger scale. 2.Grant a New SMA Permit for Area A: J1/J2 The Applicant requests a new"Master" SMA Major Use Permit to permit the development of the 264 multifamily timeshare units and various infrastructure and amenities related thereto, as described previously in Section II.E.2. Additional undefined areas as may be necessary to accommodate distribution lines related to the new brackish water irrigation system are also assumed to be exempted from conditions of SMA 25,as applicable. 24 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 3. Grant a New SMA Permit for Area A: L2 The Applicant requests a new"Master" SMA Major Use Permit to permit the development of the 25 single-family lots and various infrastructure and amenities related thereto, as described previously in Section II.E.3. 1,. 1 1 r` Area A I,Y. AYM Area C r' each O aJo 4 , yau each Dr yd Hy Area B e 40 r. AnaehOOrrlalu I r Figure 13: New SMA Permit Application Requests #2 and #3: Create Two New SMAs in Area A See Appendix 1,Exhibit 18 for copy at larger scale. 25 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 4. Grant a New SMA Permit for Areas B and C The Applicant requests a third new "master" SMA Major Use Permit to permit development of the 900 multifamily timeshare units; a new and relocated golf clubhouse and driving range; two Gateway Parks; various public pedestrian paths; two new brackish water wells and a landscape irrigation system; and various other infrastructure and amenities related thereto, as described previously in Sections II.E.4,E.5, E.6, and E.7. ti Q et f sP2 A 0 Area A . Area C , P./' 1/ oe eaCh Dr, 4, oa on.iu i f/t° 7 .Anaehoomalu r Figure 14: New SMA Permit Application Request #3: Create New SMA for Areas B and C See Appendix 1,Exhibit 19 for copy at larger scale. 5. Rezone Area A to RM-6 and RS-10 Pursuant to confirmation of the relevant new Master SMA Major Use Permit, the Applicant requests the following rezoning of properties within Area A: From Open to: o RM-6: ±16.0 acres; and o RS-10: ±3. 3 acres From RM-8 to: o RM-6: ±22.6 acres; and o RS-10: ±4.1 acres 26 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications r 11 4 1 1 r f Imendt• Ch Q(1 e Project Area Bea Proposed Zorig Existing Zoning 0.RN-6 _OPEN RS-10 _RV Figure 15: Rezoning Plan for Area A: L2 See Appendix 1,Exhibit 20 for copy at larger scale. gir 11,fir A r, O Legend Project Area kploaBeach Died Zoning Existing Zoning sti a1 RM- 6 _OPEN J RS 10 _RN-8 Figure 16: Rezoning Plan for Area A: J1 & J2 See Appendix 1,Exhibit 20 for copy at larger scale. 27 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Table 4: Area A: Current and Proposed Zoning Designations I Proposed future acres Current zoning Current acres _ RM-6 RS-10 Open 19.3 16.0 3. 3 RM-8 26.7 22.6 4.1 Total acres 45.9 38.6 7.3 Kumu Hou lot reference 11 &J2 L2 Note:totals may not reflect exact sum of line item numbers due to rounding 6.Rezone Area B to Project District Pursuant to confirmation of the relevant new Master SMA Major Use Permit, the Applicant requests the creation of the Kumu Hou Area B Project District, to encompass all of Area B, and rezoning of the following areas: From Open to Project District: ±95.3 acres; From RM-8 to Project District: ±21.7 acres; From RM-4 to Project District: ±0.2 acres; From RM-6 to Project District: ±12.0 acres; and From CV-10 to Project District: ±4.5 acres. uluIIIIIIIN•p Iii 0 each' co.'''. tip,,Tr. a r°oa 0 II% t 1 LegtIldOProject Area W at Proposed Zoning Existing Zoning Am RM-4 Drojrcl Distro cv-10 _RM-6 EM OPEN 1.1.RM-8 Figure 17: Rezoning Plan for Area B See Appendix 1,Exhibit 21 for copy at larger scale. 28 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Table 5: Area B: Current and Proposed 'tonin Desi nations AM Proposed future acres Milli Current zoning Current acres Project District(PD) Open 95.3 95.3 RM-4 0.2 0.2 RM-6 12.0 12.0 RM-8 21.7 21.7 CV-10 4.5 4.5 Total acres 133.8 133.8 Note: totals may not reflect exact sum of line item numbers due to rounding The intent of the Project District is to provide for flexibility in the particular locations and character of facilities,within an overall master plan that can be amended from time to time,with the approval of the County Planning Department. Proposed standards for the Project District zoning include: Compliance — All uses shall be compliant with the governing LUC, SMA and General Plan agreements, as amended. District size and general uses-The district shall consist of±133.8 acres for multi-family timeshare and support uses thereto; golf course support facilities; and parks, public pedestrian paths and ancillary improvements. Permitted developments in this district shall include: o Up to 900 multi-family residential units, at a density of no more than 7.3 units per acre. It is understood these could be marketed and used for timeshare purposes. o Up to 63,000 square feet of commercial or community areas, which could consist of: One or two private community centers with sales and meeting facilities, pool(s)and other facilities to support the timeshare units; A golf clubhouse including cart storage,food and beverage facility(ies)and other service or support facilities; and A retail convenience center. o Up to 32,000 square feet of building area to support back-of-house housekeeping and other services in support of the timeshare units. o A golf driving range to include putting greens and other ancillary facilities. o Public parks, pedestrian paths, recreational amenities, landscaping, internal roads, cart paths, employee and other parking, and related infrastructure, as consistent with the above uses. Design,impact fee and other standards consistent with such uses. 7. Legal Description of Areas to be Rezoned Legal descriptions, including metes and bounds of the areas for which a COZ is requested are attached as Appendix 12. 29 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications This page intentionally left blank. 30 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications III. STATE AND COUNTY DESIGNATIONS AFFECTING THE REQUESTS THIS SECTION ADDRESS APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SMA Permit requirement 3E: "State, County Plans affecting the subject request: General Plan designation and Community Development Plans. " COZ County Environmental Report requirement B, concerning Conformance with State/County Plans. See also Section VII and Appendix 1 The Project Area, as well as the entire Resort,has long been designated for resort use by the County and State. A history of the Resort's key entitlements was provided in Section I.D.1. Current land use designations of the Project Area include: State Land Use District(SLUD) - Urban County General Plan, Land Use Plan Allocation Guide(LUPAG) -Resort Node South Kohala Community Development Plan (South Kohala CDP) -References SLUD and LUPAG land use designations. County Zoning — Multifamily residential (RM-8, RM-6, RM-4), Commercial (CV-10), and Open Special Management Area (SMA) - Within the SMA The subsections below describe Kumu Hou's relationship to these guiding designations. Section VII of this report presents a more detailed analysis of the project's relationship to specific goals, policies and standards associated with the County regulations noted here. A. STATE LAND USE DISTRICT The Project Area is designated Urban by the State LUC. As such, the requested SMA Major Use Application and rezoning may be processed by the County without further LUC review. Appendix 1, Exhibit 7) B. COUNTY GENERAL PLAN The General Plan is a policy document with a map component to help guide land use. Together, the document and map are intended to guide the long-range comprehensive and balanced development of the island of Hawaii. According to the Land Use Concept section of the General Plan, the map component is called the LUPAG map. The existing General Plan was adopted in 2005. A comprehensive review and update of this plan has been underway since at least 2015. Public review of the draft plan update, referred to as the 31 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications General Plan 2040, was completed on October 31, 2019 and according to the County of Hawaii Planning Department, adoption by the County Council has been targeted for September 2021. The General Plan 2040 will incorporate review and reconciliations as needed between the General Plan and the County's various CDPs. Based on preliminary review of the draft 2040 plan, the Project Area and all of the Resort are planned to continue with their current Resort designation. This section references the 2005 General Plan since it is the current effective document. (County of Hawaii, 2005) Waikoloa Beach Resort, including all of the Project Area, is classified as Resort Node on the LUPAG. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 8) The General Plan notes that Resort Node areas include a mix of uses such as hotels, condominium hotels (condominium units developed and/or operated as hotel units), and support services. Intermediate Resort,Minor Resort, and Retreat Resort Areas are identified as Resort Areas on the LUPAG Map. As noted previously, Waikoloa Beach Resort has been long classified as a Major Resort.• B.ow ti"40ke i. '~ $ K;,,k`O' The requestedi21—. County zoning and aitittlid . planned uses would 40.V. . 0.0(0) be consistent with the jE '!'40 goals, policies and Wa,, tt` objectives of the General Plan, and y. Area C 111.4.044 . 6114/. 0'. \e/11 specifically within 114 411‘ t:::::::: the Major Resort Area and Resort 111 b' °O• Node. DraftwSiiiii'iii'iiiiiiiii'i•-.ArZ 4:::::::;:;:;:*:::5::::: :::::::::::: documents of the t using General Plan 2040 w,aenoomai. / ... Waikoloa LUPAG e=• n.o continue to show the 414r-....O Project Area Conservation Resort as a MajorExtensiveAgriculture fax Map Key Parcels I.Medium Denny Urban4•iiiiiii Resort Area and AO:4 Open AreaResort" Resort Node. lir ow.vow Urban Ex Man Figure 18: County Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide See Appendix 1, Exhibit 8 for copy at larger scale. C. SOUTH KOHALA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Section 15.1 of the County General Plan called for the development and eventual County Council adoption of CDPs. The General Plan states that CDPs "will translate the broad General Plan statements to specific actions as they apply to specific geographical areas." (County of Hawaii, 2005) The South Kohala CDP was developed and subsequently adopted by the County Council on November 20, 2008 (Ordinance No. 2008-159). 32 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications The South Kohala CDP was last updated in November 2008. While the CDP does not specifically address the Project Area, and does not feature a specific map or section dedicated to the Project Area, a portion of the Project Area TMK parcel is shown in CDP Figure 7.1, "General Plan LUPAG Designation for Puako" as being a part of the "Resort Node" that also encompasses the Maui Lani Resort area. The County LUPAG designates Waikoloa Beach Resort, including all of the Kumu Hou Project Area, as"Resort Node" per the County South Kohala LUPAG (Appendix 1, Exhibit 8). This designation is intended to allow a mix of visitor-related uses such as hotels, condominium-hotels, single-family and multifamily residential units, golf courses, and other typical resort recreational facilities, commercial complexes, and other support services. The requested County SMA Major Use Permit, rezoning and planned uses are consistent with this classification and the uses envisioned within the CDP. D. COUNTY ZONING The County establishes zoning categories within those areas designated Urban by the State LUC. Zoning is intended to regulate and restrict building and site characteristics including height, parking, setbacks, etc. for purposes of promoting the health, safety, morals, and general welfare of the County. Within the Project Area, Area A currently includes RM-8 and Open zoning; Area B includes RM- 8, RM-6, RM-4, CV-10 and Open zoning; and Area C is zoned Open, as shown previously in Appendix 1, Exhibit 9. The Applicant is requesting the zoning designations for Areas A and B be revised as discussed previously in Section II.G. The requested zoning will result in increased density in both Areas A and B, but development would remain compliant with the number of units approved under the 1977 SMA and the 1990 LUC approvals. Additionally, the nature of developments planned is consistent with those envisioned in LUC, LUPAG, SMA and South Kohala CDP designations and guidelines. E. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA Under State policy, "special management areas" are established to preserve, protect, and where possible, to restore the natural resources of the coastal zones of Hawai`i. To this end, special controls on development are enforced within SMA areas, and pursuant to Chapter 205A, HRS, Coastal Zone Management, these controls are enforced by the respective county governments. Although its nearest land area is more than a half-mile and its nearest residential or commercial building more than a mile from the shoreline, Kumu Hou is within a broad area subject to SMA governance. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 10) Within this broad area, a 1977 SMA permit, SMA 25, approved the Resort for development of up to 3,000 hotel rooms and 3,430 multifamily units, as presented previously in Section I.D.1. SMA 25 also anticipated multiple golf courses within the Resort, and this application seeks to amend this and other aspects of SMA 25 in support of the Kumu Hou Master Plan. 33 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Concurrent with this rezoning application, the following amendments to SMA 25 are being requested as described previously in Section II.G: Remove Area A, Area B, and Area C from SMA 25; Grant a new SMA permit for Area A(J1/J2); Grant a new SMA permit for Area A(L2); and Grant a new SMA permit for Area B and Area C. F. AFFORDABLE WORKFORCE RENTAL HOUSING While the Resort's affordable housing commitments were satisfied by a donation of 300 net acres of land to the County and other considerations, the Applicant recognizes a demand for more affordable workforce rental housing in West Hawaii, and Kumu Hou would enhance the financial feasibility of addressing this situation. In anticipation, the Applicant has identified a ±25.4-acre site south of the Queens' MarketPlace that could be suitable for affordable workforce rental housing and has initiated discussions with potential developers for a project of not less than 142 units. If undertaken, this would be the first affordable housing developed within a major resort in West Hawaii. This initiative is considered complementary to, but not part of, the Kumu Hou Master Plan. G. OTHER PERMITTING CONSIDERATIONS Kumu Hou would require other"ministerial" construction-related approvals and permits such as Plan Approval, subdivision, grading permits, building permits and occupancy permits from the County; National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) and other permits from the State Department of Health (DOH), and the like. A preliminary engineering report prepared for Kumu Hou by R.M. Towill Corporation (RMTC) and discussed in detail in Section VI, provides further information on such permitting requirements. 34 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications IV. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS THIS SECTION ADDRESS APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SMA application requirements 3G through K, and 4A: o 3G- "Surrounding zoning and land uses. "See also Section 5B. o 3H: "Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) designation... " o 31: "Archeological Resources.... " See also Appendix 4, Archeological Inventory Survey. (Required documentation from State Department ofLand and Natural Resources Historic Preservation Divisions (SHPD) is pending submittal to SHPD by Planning Department.) o 3J: "Floral and Faunal Resources. "See also Appendix 3:Biological Survey. o 3K: "Valued Cultural Resources:Identify any traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights that are exercised in the area: the extent in which the proposed development will affect these rights; andfeasible action to be taken to protect native Hawaiian rights if they exist. " o 4A: "Description of environmental setting;" COZ application requirement 10 and County Environmental Report requirements C, items 9 through 21, concerning Physical Characteristics/Environmental Setting, Historic Resources, Natural Resources, and Valued Cultural Resources. See also Appendices 3, 4, S, 6, 7, 8. 9, and 10. A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 1. Location and TMKs Kumu Hou is located within Waikoloa Beach Resort in the ahupua'a of `Anaeho`omalu, South Kohala District of the island of Hawai`i. TMK parcels touched by Kumu Hou encompass ± 362.7 acres. Within these TMKs, the areas planned for development cover ±182.9 acres, including TMKs (3) 6- 9-008:013 (por.), 021, 022, 025, 027 ( por.), 028 (por.), 029 (por.), 031 (por.), and 033. These ±182.9 acres are referred to herein as the Project Area. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 4) 2.Distance from Shoreline No portions of the Kumu Hou Project Area abut the shoreline. The closest point to the shoreline is about 3,000 feet, or more than a half-mile away; this point represents the corner of one of the proposed new public park areas. The closest area with residential or commercial building development,in Area A,is located about 5,400 feet, or more than a mile,from the nearest shoreline area.Mauka areas of the Project Area extend up to 10,300 feet away, or nearly two miles from the shoreline. 35 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Table 6: Project Area Distances from Shoreline Closest point and nearby proposed use Mauku boundaries Area A 5,400 feet(timeshare building)7,200 to±8,100 feet Area B 3,000 feet(edge of public park) 3,900 to±9,600 feet Area C 9,200 feet(irrigation holding pond) 9,700 to±10,300 feet Source:PBR HAWAII, 2021 3. Current Land Uses and Improvements Currently, Area A is composed of vacant land and golf course fairways not presently in use. Area B is comprised of vacant land,golf fairways not presently in use,a sewer pump station,the private Ala Ihi Way,and a golf clubhouse. Area C is comprised of vacant land and a pond that is accessory to the Kings' Course, which is not presently in use. 4. Topography, Slope and Elevation The land generally slopes about 1%in a southwestern direction(mauka to makai). The most mauka areas of the Project area show an elevation of about 100 feet above mean sea level (MSL) at the intersection of Area A with the `Ainamalu subdivision. The most makai edges of the Project Area range from about 30 to 70 feet above MSL. B. CLIMATE AND SOILS The Project Area is located on the leeward side of the island in the ahupua'a of`Anaeho`omalu Waikoloa). The overall area is located within the rain shadow of Mauna Kea,a region that is arid, with marginal rainfall. The average annual rainfall ranges from about 10 to 15 inches, with much of the rain occurring during the winter months. There is no overland drainage present. The daily highs generally range from about 77 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit and daily lows from about 65 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Wind patterns in the area are often moderate to heavy, as the normal trade winds(easterly)move through the saddle portion of the island of Hawai`i. Except where modified by previous development, ground conditions generally consist of`a`a and pahoehoe lava. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture,Natural Resource Conservation Service(NRCS), soils in Areas A and C of the Project Area, as well as the majority of Area B, are classified as "10: Lava flows, 'ea, 2 to 20 percent slopes." The NRCS classifies the balance of Area B soils as"12: Lava flows, pahoehoe, 2 to 20 percent slopes." (Appendix 1,Exhibit 23) In the State's Land Study Bureau, agricultural land productivity rating system, the Project Area is largely unclassified, but a small segment is classified as "E" or "Very Poor" for agricultural purposes. The Project Area is not among those within the Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH)classification system. 36 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications C. NATURAL AND MAN-MADE HAZARDS 1.Drainage and Flood Hazards The Federal Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) identifies the entire Project Area as within Zone X, or outside of the five hundred (500)year flood area. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 24) As there will be an added level of impervious surface resulting from the proposed development, there is a potential for increased run-off. In that event, drywell(s) or similar accommodations will be implemented, subject to the review and approval of the Department of Public Works and State DOH via the Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit process. According to RMTC's Preliminary Engineering Report( PER) dated May 2021, considering a 10- year storm event, the increase in storm water runoff for the proposed improvements is approximately 47.13 cubic feet per second (cfs)for Area A and 197.73 cfs for Area B. (Appendix 2) Area C, which is intended solely for development of two new brackish wells and related infrastructure, is not expected to impact drainage or flood hazards. Seepage pits or drywells are proposed to be used to mitigate the increase in storm runoff due to the development. The approximate capacity of a seepage pit for design purposes is assumed to be 2 cfs per seepage pit. Approximately 25 seepage pits for Area A and 99 seepage pits for Area B will be implemented to mitigate the increase in storm water runoff due to the development. Due to State DOH regulations, drywells are not allowed within 1,000 feet of a potable water well. All improvements shall conform to HCC Chapter 10 - Erosion and Sedimentation Control. Thus, with the proposed on-site drainage improvements, all potential drainage and/or flooding issues are expected to be reasonably addressed and mitigated. 2. Tsunami Hazard The Project Area is located outside of the County Civil Defense's Tsunami Evacuation Zone, unlike areas of the Resort that are located along the coastline. However, since guests staying at Kumu Hou could also frequent makai areas of the Resort, appropriate signage and related internal warning system will be provided to guests and employees of Kumu Hou, similar to other establishments in this area. Thus, with the Civil Defense warning system plus the internal protocols, reasonable measures for protection will be in place. 3. Volcanic and Earthquake Hazards The United States Geological Survey (USGS) classifies the Project Area as Lava Flow Hazard Zone 3, on a scale of ascending risk, from 9 to one 1. Protection of life would be achieved through the evacuation routes and warning systems provided by the County Civil Defense agency. Such notices could be prominently placed within existing structures. 37 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications The entire island of Hawaii falls within Earthquake Zone 4, according to the County Building Code. The Applicant understands and accepts that all structures must be constructed to meet with the applicable seismic hazard structural requirements of the County Building Code. 4. Waikoloa Maneuver Area The Project Area, along with all of the Resort, are part of some 91,000 acres of land known as the Waikoloa Maneuver Area that were used by the U.S. military for training exercises from 1943 to 1946. The U.S. Department of Defense has orchestrated site investigations and removal activities to clear these areas, with particular concern for findings of Unexploded Ordnances (UXO). In the past, UXO have been discovered in the area of Waikoloa Village, several miles mauka from the Project Area. The Resort is located in an area identified as Sector 17A, one of 22 Munitions Response Sites within the larger Waikoloa Maneuver Area. In 2012, over 2,000 acres including Sector 17A were reviewed, with no findings of munitions or explosives of concern (MEC). Incremental surface soil sampling and groundwater sampling in 2013 likewise resulted in Sector 17A being ranked as a low hazard area. The most recent study did find three munitions debris in the 'Ainamalu area, alongside Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway but outside of the Kumu Hou Project Area. These were not considered to be of concern. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 25) MEC nee(MCA, 6C;Irm Morar 5749 60n1m Mortariir*60nr Mortar MA IEC ItemIRWS) ort., IEC NemlRemvwik5a! erre w;tf oost*er!Ta Moms Omens 60mm Mo crit r Smell MesDens75mn1 HE1Preictil A Marsh Matting(Charcoal Kiln) r55.rir*NE Rome Rei eG to 7C 155nun Sh p-MK14 Snrofrp Towel Peet I—i keWSs of Boudery Ir._' ''Ia. Q/niorsReeOawkwemrdan 37mm Projectile 6763 *75,71m Hetpr*o/o B 47. Waikoloa Beach Resort 105nnn HF Ml P„rojo * 755u* nr?4E pr o10 110}. M if^ Q Project Area 7s.rnnriliEapr,ojo* 75mrr1 HE M48 X17B 7 5rtrm HE:projo Small Arms Debris M 75mm HE ROU!V171 ir155mm VK 1 Shrapne!Round 155 MMPROJECTiLE PARTI.L 75mm Projectile HE* E Waikoloa 155mm (-rag , Beach Resort r L1 Y] !n0 1•M ]Yf ennw=...wwf 7(O] =000 5) t(:5 eeeeeeeeeliilif.'i ..w Figure 19: Former Waikoloa Maneuver Area Remedial Investigation and Risk Assessment See Appendix 1, Exhibit 25 for copy at larger scale. 3b Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications D. FLORAL AND FAUNAL RESOURCES Professional biological surveys of the Project Area were conducted by Geometrician Associates, LLC with field surveys in May and November 2020. (Appendix 3) One guide to the potential location of rare, threatened, and endangered (RTE) species are critical habitat maps. An online mapping tool provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) indicates that no designated or proposed critical habitat for endangered plant or animal)species is located on or near the Waikoloa Beach Resort. The nearest designated critical habitat is associated with a suite of species found on the upper slopes of the Kohala Mountains about ten miles to the northwest. 1. Conditions for Flora Owing to the substrate conditions and location,the Project Area is not considered a likely location for RTE plant species. The parts of Areas A and B where natural surfaces remain are dominated by 'al lava. Pahoehoe is present in a few kipuka and also as inclusions within 'ea flows where the lava is transitional. Most of the `a` a lava is completely barren, with no plant life whatsoever, but individual plants — generally weeds such as fountain grass, sourbush (Pluchea carolinensis) and kiawe, but also the common native `uhaloa — are occasionally present, especially near the fringes of vegetated areas. Pahoehoe flows have sparse,low vegetation, especially in cracks where sediment and moisture can accumulate. Although pahoehoe flows are also weed-dominated, natives such as `uhaloa are abundant. No anchialine ponds or intermittent streams or other drainages are present and there is no riparian vegetation. The fringes of the golf course irrigation ponds/water hazards are intensively managed to stay vegetation free. The only water dependent weedy plant there appears to be the occasional marsh fleabane(Pluchea indica)and the indigenous `ae` ae(Bacopa monnieri). The most prominent collection of plants in the Project Area is completely non-natural—the grassy fairways and associated woody landscaping of the golf course along with the fringes of several resort residential and resort maintenance service areas. This area has been entirely transformed by grading, soil importation and irrigated landscaping. Although irrigation is available and utilized, the golf course takes advantage of xerophytic non-native species such as kiawe and `opiuma Pithecellobium dulce), as well as mesic natives such as a variegated form of hau (Hibiscus tiliaceus)that provide a"local" feel while reducing water consumpion. Because this collection of plants is not natural vegetation and generally lacks conservation value, it is not discussed further. 2.Flora and RTE Plants Plant species found during the surveys are listed in Table 1 of the Geometrician report. Plants found solely in cultivation as part of landscaping are generally not listed, with the exception of a few plants on the fringes that could potentially persist without constant irrigation.Of the 31 species detected,7 were indigenous( native to the Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere)and none were endemic found only in the Hawaiian Islands). Of the seven indigenous species, only three appeared to occur naturally rather than because of adjacent irrigation: `uhaloa(by the far the most common), and koali. No rare, threatened or endangered plant species, including maiapilo(Capparis sandwichiana), were found on the Project Area. 39 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications It should be noted that the non-native tree tobacco(Nicotiana glauca), which provides habitat for an endangered native insect, was found in one location, in a rubble pile at an existing maintenance/stockpile area off of Ala Ihi Drive, within Area B. (Appendix 3, Figure 3j). The implications for this are discussed in Section IV.E,below. 3. Faunal Survey Approach Geometrician Associates' faunal survey of the Project Area was restricted to a tally of birds and introduced mammals, reptiles and amphibians observed during the botanical surveys, plus two additional one-hour bird observations. The field survey also assessed the general value of the various habitat areas, including landscaped areas, for native birds. Although there were no radar or ultrasound observations conducted that might have detected the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat, the general value of the habitat for bats was evaluated. The lack of any designated or proposed FWS critical habitat area on or near to the Resort,as referenced in Section IV.D.5 above, was also considered. Generally not included in the survey was assessment of invertebrates or aquatic species due to the apparent lack of suitable habitat, with one exception. The property was searched for the principal plant species in the area known to support the larvae and pupae of the endangered Blackburn's sphinx moth(Manduca blackburnii),the one listed endangered insect that is potentially present. 4. Birds The 24 species of birds detected during the survey (or during previous surveys of the same or directly adjacent areas) were found almost exclusively on or near the golf course or other landscaped areas. (Appendix 3,Table 2)The natural, lava-covered areas of the Project Area had extremely few birds. The majority of bird species observed were non-natives, and the most abundant were common mynas (Acridotheres tristis), zebra doves (Geopelia striata) and saffron finches (Sicalis flaveola). Additional surveys would undoubtedly reveal a few more species of birds. Despite the predominance of non-native birds, natives were also numerous near the golf course irrigation ponds/water hazards. Six bird species naturally associated in Hawaii with shorelines, ponds or streams were detected or known to be frequently present. According to Geometrician: The black-crowned night heron or `auku`u (Nycticorax hoactli) is an indigenous and relatively common bird found throughout most of the world around streams, ponds and calm shorelines. The N. n. hoactli subspecies occurs in Hawaii, as well as across North America and most of South America. Unlike continental birds, Hawaii birds are diurnal. The `auku`u frequents many types of shallow waters and wetlands for foraging and employs various techniques to capture diverse prey including insects,fish,frogs,mice,and the young of other native waterbirds. Information on breeding in Hawaii is limited, but the species is known to be a colonial nester. They are found in a wide variety of habitats from mountain streams, lowland ponds and estuaries (wetlands and open water), 40 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications aquaculture farms, and suburban/urban waterways (e.g., golf course ponds and concrete channels). They are somewhat threatened by habitat loss. Two migratory Hawaiian shorebirds that were probably drawn to the golf course ponds by the presence of mollusks, crustaceans or insects on the fringing rocks were detected: the ruddy turnstone or `akekeke (Arenaria interpres) and the wandering tattler or `ulili Heteroscelus incanus). Both summer near the Arctic Circle and winter in the Hawaiian Islands. `Ulili arrive in stages from July to November, often returning to the same range. In the winter in Hawai`i, they eat mainly invertebrates such as marine worms, aquatic insects, mollusks, crustaceans, and small fish. They forage in intertidal habitats (such as coral reefs), and less frequently in soft mud or sand,picking food from moist substrates or surface of shallow water. They can also be found in other aquatic habitats inland, even foraging in grassy areas around airports and golf courses. `Akekeke have short bills and probe among rocks and pebbles along the shoreline in search of insects, especially flies, spiders, beetles, and grubs. Outside of the breeding season, however, their diet becomes much more diverse, extending to crustaceans, mollusks, worms, small fish, and even carrion, rubbish, and bird eggs. They tend to be more restricted to the shoreline than `ulili. Both birds are threatened by avian diseases, habitat loss and chemical contamination of water and land. They are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703[a]),and it is illegal"take,kill, or possess"them. The Hawaiian goose or nene (Branta sandvicensis) is an endemic, federally listed threatened species that has become increasingly common in various areas of several main Hawaiian Islands. It is often seen in the Waikoloa area. Nene breeding season generally runs from October through March with most goslings hatching in December and January. Eggs have been reported in all months except for May, June, and July. Goslings may be present in the nest for several months after hatching. When nand are not breeding, they rejoin flocking groups. Nene may be observed flying over, grazing and nesting at the Waikoloa Beach Resort. (Appendix 3, Figure 3i) Nene are protected under the Endangered Species Act(ESA): 16 USC Section 1531, et seq. ( see also 50 CFR Part 402) and similar State statutes. A pair of Hawaiian stilts or ae`o(Himantopus mexicanus knudseni),endangered waterbirds endemic to Hawai`i, were observed in a golf course irrigation pond/water hazard within and adjacent to the Project Area. The subspecies is considered distinct from the North American subspecies, H. m. mexicanus. Although found on all the main islands except Kaho`olawe, they are rare and listed as endangered.They nest in mudflats in small colonies from February through August each year and are often seen feeding in shallow ponds and marshes. As noted by the Hawai`i DLNR-DOFAW (2013): "Foraging habitat consists of ephemeral fresh, brackish, or salt water habitats. Water depth and vegetation density are important determinants of the suitability of foraging habitat. [They prefer] sites with a water depth of less than ...nine inches, limited and low growing vegetation, or exposed tidal flats. The species is opportunistic and preys on a variety of animals that inhabit shallow water or mudflats, including polychaete worms, small crabs, insects, and small fish. Ae`o ... frequently move among wetland habitats in search of food. Breeding habitat differs from foraging habitat,and individuals move between the two habitats daily.Nesting 41 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications occurs on freshly exposed mudflats with some low growing vegetation, also will nest on islands in fresh and brackish ponds or artificial floating nest structures."Although the deep, lined golf course ponds are far from ideal feeding or nesting habitat,the availability of prey in the form of small mollusks and fish attract the stilts to them occasionally.Hawaiian stilts are protected under the ESA and similar State statutes. Pacific golden-plovers or kolea (Pluvialis fulva) frequently rest and forage on mowed lawns throughout the State of Hawaii during their residence from August to April each year. Although absent in the May observations, they were abundant in the November survey on golf courses, as they favor short grass for resting and preying on insects. Kolea are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. No native land birds were detected during the survey. The only one that might be seen is Asio flammeus sandwichensis, the Hawaiian endemic sub-species of the short-eared owl. Also called pueo, this diurnal bird of prey is regularly seen within the grasslands of North and South Kohala but was not noticed during the survey.The Project Area does not provide optimal habitat for pueo. This species is currently widespread in Kohala and does not have special protected status under either the State or federal endangered species statutes on the island of Hawaii. As with all of the island of Hawaii, several listed seabirds may overfly the Waikoloa area, including the endangered Hawaiian petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis), the endangered band- rumped storm petrel (Oceanodroma castro), and the threatened Newell's shearwater (Puff nus auricularis newelli). Although they may fly over various locations in Waikoloa on their way to and from mountain nesting areas and the open ocean, no suitable nesting habitat for any of these seabird species is present in the area. The primary cause of mortality in these species in Hawaii is thought to be predation by alien mammalian species at the nesting colonies. Collision with man- made structures is another significant cause. Nocturnally flying seabirds, especially fledglings on their way to sea in the summer and fall, can become disoriented by exterior lighting. Disoriented seabirds may collide with manmade structures and, if not killed outright, become easy targets of predatory mammals. 5. Hawaiian Hoary Bat The Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) is the only native Hawaiian land mammal. These bats are solitary and roost in trees rather than caves. It is found throughout the island of Hawaii and has been observed in leafy kiawe scrub vegetation that dominates much of Waikoloa. Bats may forage for flying insects over portions of the Project Area on a seasonal basis, and they may find some of the larger shrubs and trees on the golf course suitable roosting habitat. Bats are often visible while they are feeding on flying insects near dusk and dawn at various locations around the island of Hawaii. The presence of these bats can also be verified by echolocation detectors. If a bat is detected during a night's study,this merely indicates that they were present in the area. Determination of bat populations or usage patterns requires much more sophisticated, long term studies. Conversely, the absence of bat detections does not indicate an absence of bats, which may have been absent for only a night, a week, or a season, or may have simply gone undetected. No bats were observed in Geometrician Associate's survey, which took place in daylight and did not use any detection equipment. For the purposes of this assessment,it is assumed 42 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications that Hawaiian hoary bats are present at least some of the time, as they have been frequently seen and detected in kiawe forests. Hawaiian hoary bats are vulnerable to disturbance during the summer pupping season. 6. Introduced Species During the survey Geometrician observed numerous small Indian mongooses (Herpestes a. auropunctatus),wild goats(Capra h. hircus)and feral cats(Fells catus).It is likely that mice(Mus spp.), rats (Rattus spp.) and domestic dogs, (Canis f familiaris) are occasionally present on the Project Area. None of these alien mammals have conservation value and all are deleterious to native flora and fauna. There are no native terrestrial reptiles or amphibians in Hawaii. The only ones observed during the survey were some unidentified geckoes(Family: Gekkonidae). 7. Blackburn's Sphinx Moth The endangered Blackburn's sphinx moth (Manduca blackburnii) has been found at various locations throughout West Hawai`i, including many areas in the ahupua'a of Waikoloa: at the Waikoloa Beach Resort, Waikoloa Village, Aina Lea, etc. The adult moth feeds on nectar from native plants including beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae), `ilie`e(Plumbago zeylanica), and maiapilo(Capparis sandwichiana). Moth larvae feed upon non-native tree tobacco(Nicotiana glauca), which occupies disturbed areas such as open fields and roadway margins, and the native aiea(Nothocestrum sp.), which is found in dry to moist forests at elevations ranging from 1,500 to 5,000 feet. There is no ` aiea near Waikoloa Beach Resort, but tree tobacco is common throughout disturbed lowlands of South Kohala, and it is rapidly spreading into adjacent undisturbed areas, including many areas within the resort. Blackburn's sphinx moth is probably most identifiable in its larval stage, which occurs during the late spring of each year after the last winter rains. As stated above, tree tobacco was detected at one location on Area B, in a rubble pile at the maintenance/stockpile area off of Ala Ihi Drive. Geometrician Associate's survey took place in May, when it might be possible to detect larvae or larval feeding, but none were detected on the limited number of mostly short and spindly tree tobacco specimens present. 8. Impacts and Mitigation Measures No RTE plant species as listed by the USFWS appear to be present in the Project Area, nor are there any rare species or uniquely valuable vegetation types. No existing or proposed federally designated critical plant or animal habitat is present in or near the Project Area. There appears to be no potential to adversely affect RTE plant species. Wide-ranging threatened and endangered animal species are present on the property, as they are throughout most of coastal West Hawaii. These include the Hawaiian hoary bat, Blackburn's sphinx moth, the Hawaiian goose, the Hawaiian stilt, and several species of seabirds that do not land in the project area or utilize its resources but may fly over the area at night. Potential impacts 43 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications and mitigation measures relevant to faunal resources found or likely to be found in or near the Project Area are summarized in the table below and discussed subsequently. Table 7: Potential Faunal Im acts and Mitigation Measures Impacts after Taxa or Category Potential Impacts. Proposed Mitigation Mitigation Hawaiian Goose Disturbance to these Continued avoidance of birds None and Hawaiian Stilt threatened/endangered and coordination with birds,which rest or feed DOFAW on golf course grass and ponds Hawaiian Hoary Disturbance of roosting Avoid cutting or disturbing None Bat mother bats and pups in woody vegetation>15 feet roosting season June 1 to September 1 Blackburn's Disturbance to pupae and Prevent infestations of tree None Sphinx Moth larvae during removal of tobacco;avoid removal of tree tree tobacco host plants tobacco plants>3 feet; coordinate with DOFAW and/or USFWS where removal is necessary Threatened/ Disorientation by lighting Avoid non-shielded lighting None endangered and night construction Seabirds Source: Geometrician Associates,LLC, 2021. (See Appendix 3 for full report). The Applicant works closely with the Hawai`i State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife(DOFAW),to ensure that the threatened nene and their nests,as well as Hawaiian stilts, which are endangered, are treated appropriately. No nesting or foraging habitat appears present in the areas that will be affected by proposed activities. Assuming the continuation of this partnership, any impacts to these species should be minimized, and they may continue to benefit. If the project incorporates additional outdoor lighting, it may attract threatened or endangered seabirds,which may become disoriented by the lighting,resulting in birds being downed.To avoid the potential downing of seabirds, no construction or unshielded equipment maintenance lighting should be permitted after dark between the months of April and October.All additional permanent lighting should be shielded in conformance with Hawai`i County Outdoor Lighting Ordinance HCC Chapter 9,Article 14),which requires shielding of exterior lights so as to lower the ambient glare caused by unshielded lighting. Disturbance and cutting of woody vegetation may disrupt bat roosting.As bats use multiple roosts within their home territories, this disturbance from the removal of vegetation is usually minimal. However, during the pupping season, from about June 1 to September 15 each year, female bats carrying pups may be less able to rapidly vacate a roost site when the vegetation is cleared. Additionally,adult female bats sometimes leave their pups in the roost tree while they forage,and 44 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications very small pups may be unable to flee a tree that is being felled. To minimize impacts it is recommended that woody plants taller than 15 feet should not be removed or trimmed during the bat birthing and pup rearing season (June 1 through September 15). Attention needs to be paid to the patches of tree tobacco, the principal current host for the endangered Blackburn's sphinx moth, that were observed during Geometrician Associate's surveys. Because of the weedy, extremely fast-growing and spreading nature of the plant and the difficult process necessary to determine if pupae are present in the ground under the plant after larvae have finished their life cycle, it is recommended that the Applicant prevent any infestations from growing. According to Geometrician Associates,juvenile plants less than three feet tall are not usually utilized by the larvae and may generally be safely removed. If plants taller than three feet need to be removed, DLNR and or USFWS should be contacted. E. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 1. Archeological Inventory Survey Approach Haun, A. E., and D. Henry conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of Project Areas A, B and C. The survey designated 10 areas of study within the Project Area, designated as areas 1 through 10. (Appendix 4) Gf. j _.. o O i Anil 5 a. 1 fts\ x J -4111! Q,. O _,r 4' .. . ,•' S Q ! / • •meq.. 0 y.MsIt‘0/ I•' i f P 01..;w - Cr.: ,,,„.-c, 1.6141.•' ^/ ''_i Anal 0tea PA' 1 n '• V. ;',% ; y C YT 2462 Anil 2 . re 34 t"t \T 434 0e...r, O Area 1 w^ 9 rr aa.s.... 4Arilj/0 yr W W I I .—__— Od£!N KAAAWAIAAY/MY Figure 20: Study Areas Referenced in AIS Source:Haun,A.E.,and D.Henry, 2021.See Appendix 4 forfill report The objective of the AIS was to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD), as contained within Hawai`i Administrative Rules (HAR), Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, Chapters 276 and 284, State Historic Preservation Rules (DLNR 2003). Fieldwork was conducted between December 2019 and November 2020, under the supervision of Dr. Alan Haun, and involving approximately 350 person-hours of labor. Fieldwork included a high intensity, 100% pedestrian survey of the Project Area. No subsurface testing was undertaken due 45 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications to the absence of soil in the project area. Additionally,based on SHPD rules for inventory surveys, the MS included background review and research of existing archaeological and historical documentary literature relating to the Project Area and its immediate vicinity; detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scale plan drawings, written descriptions, and photographs,as appropriate;analysis of background research and field data;and preparation of the MS report that is included herein. 2. Archeological Survey Findings Much of the Project Area has already been disturbed owing to its use for golf fairways and water features,a golf clubhouse, roads,various infrastructure and other prior improvements;other areas remain undeveloped and are comprised largely of pahoehoe or `a`a lava fields. The MS identified 14 sites in the project area that were assessed for their significance solely under Criterion"d" for the information content discovered and revealed pursuant to HAR §13-284-6(b). Under this criterion, the sites are understood to have yielded information important for understanding pre- contact resource procurement, tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area. The 14 sites have been adequately documented, mapped, photographed and described in writing by Haun,who has concluded that no further work or preservation is needed. Nine of the sites were identified during previous archaeological studies in the area (Sites 26869, 26871-26878);all were recorded.Five sites were newly identified during the present project(Sites 31230 through 31234). The 14 sites include evidence of excavations, abraded surfaces, mounds, trail segments, battered pahoehoe, cairns, walls and C-shapes, lava blisters and tubes. All but two features are located within Area 1. The two remaining features consist of excavations within the Site 31234 complex located in either Area 2 or Area 3. The majority of features are associated with procurement of natural resources such as scoriaceous lava for the manufacture of abraders or for obtaining nesting seabirds. Archeological research in the area also documented evidence of pre-contact habitation at 15 features.These habitations were all temporary in nature and were almost certainly associated with the resource procurement and tool manufacture activities. The study also identified 12 trail segments that appear to be organized in two"complexes"defined as Sites 26871 and 31230 in the MS. Haun concludes these trails likely functioned as a means of traversing the rugged `a`a lava to access the resource procurement and associated temporary habitation sites in the immediate area. These trails are poorly defined and consist primarily of ephemeral paths through the `a`a lava with cobbles and pebbles. Goats observed in the area during the survey have also likely used the trails to traverse the lava which would undoubtedly enhance visibility of the trails. Hawai`i Island trails are categorized in accordance with a typology created in 1965.The identified trail segments are Type A of this categorization, or single-file foot trails. As presented in Appendix 4, Haun, A. E., and D. Henry (2021) further defined trails in the Waikoloa Area as Primary, Secondary or Tertiary. Primary trails are major transportation routes such as the Ala Kahakai;they are well constructed with steppingstones and/or kerbstones.Secondary trails functioned to connect the primary trails with the shoreline, fishponds or other sites in the area. Tertiary trails serve to 46 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications connect secondary trails to nearby sites or resource areas and are either modified with cleared surfaces, or are worn paths through the lava with no modification. Haun interprets the identified trail segments at Sites 26871 and 31230 as minor,tertiary transportation routes. Ikea r 4 Arra 2 Area 9 r Areae AT a1300 j t Nin l f Ave"3 1I 7m ti 4604 71k\ h.- Lie 3030 CTArea7 t, IID Mamterwrde road-- Ir.-:---:, i•a t ti 7 J 7... • .F 4`G C]6e1` A Area 1 7. arra) t• 1. \ \ rax a,a, / Area of rX[harHal dtRrban(t Or.„ndo remciaom v., _ — ergecc rea boundary Contour rmer tal•AO Incl I rerure d Sitr 1121a rewurce pr«..ernwM tprgl r Maeho'or`al rare{e auu ragaadmrak Figure 21: Location of Observed Sites Source:Haun,A.E.,and D.Henry,2021.See Appendix 4 forfull report. 3.Impacts and Mitigation Measures Haun and Henry conclude that Kumu Hou will have no effect on historic properties. All sites in the area of application are assessed as significant solely under Criterion"d" for their information content. According to HAR §13-284-6(b), a site meeting Criterion"d" shall "[h]ave yielded, or is likely to yield,information important for research on prehistory or history". The sites in the Project Area have yielded information important for understanding pre-contact resource procurement,tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area. The mapping, written description and photography of all identified sites adequately document them,and no further work or preservation is recommended, according to Haun and Henry. The Site 26871 and 31230 trail complexes are recommended for no further work because they are minor or tertiary trails that likely only served to connect secondary trails to the resources in the area. 47 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Table 8: Site Significance and Treatment Recommendations Site Significance Recommende Number Formal Type Area Function A _ Criteria i Treatme i.._ 26869 Complex 1 Temporary habitation, d No further Resource procurement, work Tool manufacture 26871 Complex 1 Transportation, Marker d No further work 26872 Complex 1 Resource procurement d No further work 26873 Complex 1 Temporary habitation, d No further Resource procurement, work Tool manufacture, Transportation 26874 Complex 1 Temporary habitation, d No further Resource procurement, work Tool manufacture, Transportation 26875 Lava blister 1 Resource procurement d No further work 26876 Complex 1 Temporary habitation, d No further Resource procurement, work Transportation 26877 Complex 1 Temporary habitation, d No further Marker, Resource work procurement 26878 Complex 1 Temporary habitation, d No further Resource procurement work 31230 Complex 1 Transportation d No further work 31231 Complex 1 Resource procurement,d No further Tool manufacture work 31232 Complex 1 Tool manufacture d No further work 31233 Complex 1 Temporary habitation d No further work 31234 Complex 1,2, 3 Resource procurement d No further work Source:Haun,A.E.,and D.Henry,2021.See Appendix 4 for full report. Should any unanticipated archaeological features or sites be uncovered, work will stop and the Applicant and/or developer will notify the County Planning Department and SHPD before proceeding further in the questioned area. 48 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications F. VALUED CULTURAL RESOURCES TCP Hawaii, LLC (TCP Hawaii) prepared an assessment of native Hawaiian traditional and customary practices within the Kumu Hou Project Area and its general vicinity (Appendix 5). The study is framed by legal rulings intended to "effectuate the State's obligation to protect native Hawaiian customary and traditional practices while reasonably accommodating competing private interests" (Ka Pa`akai o Ka'aina v. Land Use Commission, State of Hawaii 2000).12 This means applicants before boards and commissions should, at a minimum, make specific findings and conclusions as to the following: 1. The identity and scope of valued cultural, historical, or natural resources in the petition area, including the extent to which traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights are exercised in the petition area; 2. The extent to which those resources—including traditional and customary native Hawaiian rights—will be affected or impaired by the proposed action; and 3. The feasible action, if any, to be taken to reasonably protect native Hawaiian rights if they are found to exist. This section summarizes the approach and findings of the TCP Hawaii study,together with other planning insights and knowledge available to the Applicant as long-term stewards of the area. 1.TCP Hawaii Study Approach TCP Hawaii conducted a records search of the SHPD database and reviewed numerous on-line resources as well as the AIS by Haun and Henry as summarized in Section IV.E. In addition, eight 8) community members with ties to, and knowledge of, the area in and around the Project Area were interviewed about potential cultural resources and practices associated with the area. Interviewees included: Table 9: TCP Hawaii's Key Informant Interviews Date of Name Affiliation Interview Jackson Trails and Access Specialist with the Na Ala Hele Trail and 2/12/ 21 Bauer Access program through the State of Hawaii (DLNR) Ulalia Kumu Hula, Former host at Sheraton Waikoloa(currently known 1/22/21 Berman a as the Waikoloa Beach Marriott Resort and Spa) Pomai Brown Board member of Hale Mui Cultural Group (a Hawaiian Cultural 1/26/21 Organization), and Member of the Royal Order of Kamehameha Keala Ching Hawaiian Cultural Educator, Composer, Song Writer, and 2/14/ 21 Spiritual Advisor to Hawaiian Organizations Rick Gmirkin Archaeologist with the National Park Service(NPS), Trail Expert 2/5/21 and Specialist 12 http://luc.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/ 09/Ka-Paakai-O-KaAina-v.-Land- Use-Comp-State-of-Hawaii.pdf accessed 4 Mach 2021) 49 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications ate of Name Interview Ski Former Director of Security at Sheraton Waikoloa, Author, 2/28/21 Kwiatkowski Craftsman Historian, Cultural Practitioner and Member of the Royal Order of Kamehameha Diana Executive Director for the Kailapa Homestead Association 2/4/21 Kaneali`i Kaena Pelekikena(President) South Kohala Hawaiian Civic Club 1/29/21 Peterson 2. No Impact to Shoreline Fishing or Gathering The Project Area's nearest approach to the shoreline is over a half-mile away, and the nearest proposed commercial or residential building is more than a mile from shoreline. As such, Kumu Hou is not expected to impact traditional fishing or gathering along the coastline. Proposed new public pedestrian paths through Kumu Hou could enhance public shoreline access with routes that offer more mauka and north-south linkage than those that now exist. 3. Key Informant interviews In conducting its interviews,TCP Hawaii provided key informants with a map of the Project Area and its general vicinity. None of the interviewees identified a current native Hawaiian customary or traditional practice within the Project Area, but several referred to the potential for customary and traditional practices in the vicinity of the Kumu Hou and/or the Resort generally,and expressed concern for physical resources that may support such potential activities. 1. Concern was expressed for the protection and conservation of fresh-water aquifers in subterranean contexts(i.e.,below the ground surface) in the general vicinity of the Project Area, should they exist. 2. General comments about as-yet unidentified(not discovered)historic properties that could be in the Project Area, such as trails,temporary shelters,habitations, petroglyphs, abrading quarries, or caves. The two trails professionals (Mr. Gmirkin and Mr. Bauer)and Kumu Ching believe there are old mauka-makai- oriented trails, or portions of them, in the Project Area. According to these professionals, Area B of the proposed project is of specific interest because it could contain as-yet unidentified historic properties, including burials. Mr. Gmirkin queried whether portions of a specific trail, the Ala Loa (also known as Forerunner)trail, may be located in the Project Area. 3. Mr.Gmirkin and Kumu Ching consider traveling on old trails to be a traditional and customary practice; Mr. Bauer cited the Highways Act of 1892 that states any trail built before this date belongs to the government. 4. Mr. Gmirkin noted that some families have used the general vicinity of the Project Area to place piko (umbilical cords) in the lava, and that this practice may continue in the general vicinity of the Project Area. 50 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 5. Some interviewees commented that the view-plane of the general area will be adversely affected by the new project, or that it could have a potential adverse impact on the maintenance and preservation of a clean, natural landscape. The Haun and Henry MS (Appendix 4) summarizes a number of other key informant interviews with individuals with knowledge of the general Project Area vicinity going back to 1998. The recollections reported deal mostly with fishing and other activities along the coastline, in and around `Anaeho`omalu Bay and along the Kiholo-Puako Trail (the King's Trail) generally outside of the current Project Area. These interviews also mention traveling on established trails in the vicinity of the Project Area. 4. Impacts and Mitigation Measures TCP Hawai`i concludes that certain members of the community, including the professional archaeologists, and the archaeologists who recently completed the AIS, have the best understanding of the exact nature of the cultural, historical and archaeological resources.However, Haun and Henry find that trail segments identified in Area B of the Project Area are significant solely for their information content, and the mapping, written description and photography of all identified sites adequately document them; the trail complexes are recommended for no further work because they are minor or tertiary trails that likely only served to connect secondary trails to the resources in the area. recommend the trails do not need to be preserved or protected. The two professional trails experts, on the other hand, suggest these trail segments should be preserved,and two assert that suggest traveling on such old trails is a traditional and customary practice for some people. In consideration, TCP Hawaii recommends that: The draft AIS should be submitted to SHPD for review and evaluation, as required by the County's SMA and COZ standard processes. The two trails professionals (Mr. Gmirkin and Mr. Bauer) should be consulted, and possibly joined in a site inspection or discussion to include representative(s) of Haun and Henry and SHPD with goal of reaching agreements regarding the significance and mitigation, if applicable, for the trails in the Project Area. The Project Area should be assessed by person(s) with expertise in subterranean hydrogeology in order to address the issues of the presence or absence of subterranean fresh water aquifers that some consider to be valued cultural resources. G. WATER AND COASTAL RESOURCES Although the Project Area is not located along the coastline, the issue of runoff and sedimentation associated with the construction and operation of Kumu Hou is addressed below. The construction of buildings, parking areas, and other impermeable surfaces could also have a potential long-term impact. Potential impacts of Kumu Hou on water and coastal resources were examined from standpoint of water quality, ground and fresh water impacts, and nearshore water impacts in two expert studies as described below. 51 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 1. Drinking Water and Groundwater Tom Nance Water Resource Engineering(TNWRE)examined the potential impacts of Kumu Hou on water resources of the area in a study dated February 2021. (Appendix 6) According to this study,Kumu Hou could potentially impact water resources in five ways: Use of drinking water; Production of wastewater; Establishment of a brackish water system for landscape irrigation; Reduction in golf course irrigation needs; and Change in quality and quantity of rainwater percolation to groundwater. 1. 1 Drinking Water Like the rest of the Resort, as well as Waikoloa Village, drinking water will be obtained from the private Waikoloa Water System ( PWS No. 135), which is owned and operated by the Hawaii Water Service Company (HWSC), with service provided by its subsidiary West Hawaii Utility Company(WHUC).This system is supplied by seven wells located near to Waikoloa Village,and drawing from the Waimea Aquifer System. The PER prepared by RMTC(Appendix 2)estimates that at completion after 2042, Kumu Hou would demand an additional 0.52 MGD in potable water.13 Kumu Hou's needs would represent 10% additional pumpage from the seven wells operated by HWSC. In January 2021, HWSC provided a letter indicating that WHUC is willing and able accommodate this increase in water use. (Appendix 14) The State Commission on Water Resource Management(CWRM)estimated the sustainable yield from the Waimea Aquifer at 16 MGD in its 2019 Water Resources Plan Update(State of Hawai`i Commission on Water Resource Management, 2019), while total pumpage from the system for the five years ending in December 2019 has averaged 13.2 MGD. The study concludes that the potential increase in pumpage that could be demanded by Kumu Hou's implementation is not expected to cause any adverse effect to the Waimea Aquifer. 1.2 Wastewater RMTC estimates that at buildout, Kumu Hou will generate about 0.38 MGD of wastewater, an approximately 30% increase over historical levels. The Resort treats its wastewater to a R-1 tertiary) water quality standard, and uses the treated water to supplement irrigation of its golf courses. This increased production of R-1 treated wastewater would mean that about 26% of the golf courses' future irrigation needs could be met by this source rather than the 17% that was historically available. The balance of golf course irrigation needs, drawn from groundwater sources,could therefore be reduced(see below). HWSC's January 2021 letter indicates that as for potable water,WHUC is willing and able to serve Kumu Hou's anticipated wastewater needs. (Appendix 14) 13 TNWRE uses a total potable water demand of 536,750 gallons per day,or approximately 0. 54 MGD in its analyses. 52 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 1.3 Brackish water system and golf course irrigation Groundwater at the Resort is derived from the `Anaeho`omalu Aquifer System. The landscaped areas of Kumu Hou are estimated to require about 0.31 MGD for irrigation.The Kumu Hou Master Plan includes a new brackish water irrigation system to be located in Project Area C to serve this purpose. This improvement will eliminate the current reliance on potable water from the Waimea Aquifer System for such irrigation purposes within the Project Area. Additionally, the repurposing of nine fairways, of which an estimated 59.9 acres have been irrigated, will more than offset this new demand and the overall withdrawal of groundwater at the Resort is expected to decline by an estimated 0.3 to 1.0 MGD. The reduced need for groundwater is also attributable to the increased production of wastewater, which will allow the Resort's remaining 27 fairways to be irrigated with a combination of R1 treated wastewater and groundwater. The additional nutrients available from a higher mix of R1 waters may also enable reduced fertilizer use on the golf course. 1.4 Rainwater percolation Due to drainage mitigation measures proposed by RMTC, runoff from the Project Area is not expected to increase. However, the increased share of the golf courses' irrigation supply that is treated wastewater could enable a reduction in the use of fertilizer, more efficient update of nutrients by the turfgrass,and a lower concentration of nutrients in the portion of applied irrigation that percolates to the groundwater below. TNWRE concludes that the ongoing additions of nutrients to the groundwater passing beneath the Resort and discharging at the shoreline are therefore anticipated to be reduced. 2.Nearshore Marine Waters While all planning and construction activities will place a high priority on maintaining the existing relatively pristine nature of the marine environment, it is important to address potential impacts that may be associated with implementation of Kumu Hou. Marine Research Consultants, Inc. MCRI) examined Kumu Hou's potential impact on the nearshore marine waters fronting the Resort and the shoreline alongside it. (Appendix 7)As the project is not located on the shoreline, none of the proposed land uses include any direct alteration of coastal areas or nearshore waters. The potential exists,however,for the project to affect the composition and volume of groundwater that flows beneath the site, or surface runoff during episodes of heavy rainfall. As groundwater that could be affected by the project reaches the ocean, it is recognized that there is also potential to affect the marine environment. 2.1 Study Approach In the interest of addressing these concerns and assuring maintenance of environmental quality, a baseline marine environmental assessment and potential impact analysis of the nearshore areas off the proposed residential property were conducted in 2020. While the overall intent of the baseline assessment was to gather a dataset to depict existing conditions, a secondary purpose was to determine the contribution of groundwater to the marine environment in the vicinity of the project site. Specific goals were: 1) to provide a comprehensive and accurate depiction of the marine 53 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications habitat in terms of water chemistry, physical structure, and biotic community structure; 2) to determine the contributions of groundwater and surface flow to the composition of nearshore marine waters before the commencement of any project construction activities; 3)to evaluate the effects that such input, as well as other natural "stressors," exerts on existing marine community structure;and 4) to combine this information with estimates of changes in groundwater and surface water flow rates and chemical composition that could result from the project. The predicted changes in groundwater and surface water flow rates were those supplied by TNWRE as described previously(see also Appendix 6). Results of the combined evaluation quantify predicted changes to marine water chemistry offshore. Such quantification will indicate if, and to what degree,there is the potential for negative effects to the marine environments from Kumu Hou. Water sampling was conducted twice,on July 22,2020,and on September 29,2020. Survey dates were selected to coincide with low tides occurring in the morning at the time of sampling. Sampling at low tide maximizes the detection of groundwater input at the shoreline, and as such serves provides the best opportunity for evaluating the effects of groundwater input to the ocean. Marine water samples were collected along three transects oriented perpendicular to shore and extending from the shoreline to a distance of up to approximately 500 meters offshore. Transects were located at Honoka`ope Bay, Waiulua Bay and the northern edge of`Anaeho`omalu Bay. See Appendix 6, Figure 1) 2.2 Study conclusions Notable outcomes and conclusions of the MCRI study include the following: Analysis of fourteen water chemistry constituents included all of the specific constituents in DOH water quality standards for open coastal waters. Samples were also collected from five brackish wells that supply irrigation water to the Waikoloa Resort. Patterns of dissolved inorganic and total nutrients (Si, NO3, P043,TDN, and TDP) are indicative of groundwater efflux at the shoreline, producing a zone of mixing where nearshore waters are a combination of ocean water and groundwater. Evaluation of organic nutrient constituents that are not major components of groundwater NH4+, DON, and DOP) indicate that the concentrations of these constituents are not the result of mixing of groundwater and ocean water, but are rather of biotic processes in the nearshore zone. Application of a hydrographic mixing model to the water chemistry data was used to indicate the relative contributions of nutrients from natural groundwater and land-based activities. The model indicates that there was a consistent external subsidy of NO3 to the ocean at Honoka`ope and Waiulua Bays, but not at `Anaeho`omalu Bay. Similar subsidies of NO3 have been a consistent documented feature of many areas of West Hawai`i that are directly downslope of resort areas, and are likely a result of leaching of fertilizer nutrients to groundwater from golf course and landscape irrigation. Surveys of marine community structure in the three embayments reveal well developed coral communities in `Anaeho`omalu and Honoka`ope Bays. Because materials from land reaching the ocean through groundwater flux at the shoreline are either rapidly mixed with ocean water, or are confined to a low-salinity surface lens, there is essentially no effect to benthic biotic communities from existing shoreline activities. However, the substantial 54 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications input of groundwater coupled with the narrow physical configuration results in low salinity throughout much of Waiulua Bay. Such low salinity likely results in a lack of corals within the Bay. There is no potential for the proposed Kumu Hou project to impact any endangered or protected marine species. Kumu Hou's anticipated impacts to water use, as evaluated by TNWRE, indicates that nutrients discharging at the shoreline will be reduced from the present situation with the development of the project.This reduction is largely a result of decreasing the area of golf course, and the associated reduction of application of fertilizer nutrients that can leach to groundwater. With such a reduction in nutrient flux to the ocean through groundwater discharge, it is reasonable to assume that with effective Best Management Practices(BMPs),Kumu Hou will not result in any deleterious changes to the existing condition of marine resources. 3. Impacts and Mitigation Measures Potential impacts of Kumu Hou on water and nearshore water resources were discussed in the sections above. Potential mitigation measures applicable to water resources include: Implement standard freshwater conservation practices, with examples outlined in the Sustainability Plan presented in Section VII.C.5. and Appendix 13. A brackish water irrigation system to serve the landscaped areas of Kumu Hou is an important mitigation to groundwater impacts of the project,and is already part of the Kumu Hou Master Plan. As discussed, this infrastructural improvement is expected to improve conditions for the `Anaeho`omalu Aquifer groundwater and the implications for runoff on nearshore water quality. With respect to nearshore water conditions, using the hydrologic assessment prepared by TNWRE (Appendix 6), the MRCI study stated that "Based on the results of these surveys, it appears likely that if prudent BMPs are implemented during the construction and operation of the proposed Kumu Hou project,there will be no noticeable alteration of the physical,chemical, or biotic processes that are operating today within the marine environment." It also concluded that, "[tjhere is no potential for the proposed Kumu Hou project to impact any endangered or protected marine species." Regarding BMPs to protect the marine environment, the Applicant proposes the following: BMPs will be implemented during construction to mitigate and prevent runoff that contains materials from exposed land from entering the ocean to the best extent possible. Not directing any of the stormwater to the ocean and anchialine ponds. Prior to the installation or use of any drywells to address on-site drainage concerns, the appropriate UIC permit from the State will be obtained. At that time, further impacts to water and coastal resources will be carefully examined. 55 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Through proper design, excess water will be directed to landscaped areas where the ground would be a little more permeable and can thus absorb the additional water. The County Grading Ordinance, which governs erosion and dust control during construction, will also be complied with. The proposed development will connect to the private system currently owned and operated by HWSC. Thus, there should be little, if any potential adverse impact on the marine environment, if reasonable precaution is taken during and after the construction phases. H. NOISE,AIR QUALITY,AND DUST 1.Noise Impacts and Mitigation Measures Y. Ebisu & Associates (Ebisu) prepared an Acoustic Study of Kumu Hou, presented in a report dated June 2021. (Appendix 8)As used by federal agencies to assess environmental impacts,noise is described in terms of Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL). This descriptor incorporates 24- hour average impacts that consider the level and duration of sound events, with higher weight being given to nighttime hour (10 PM to 7 AM) noise levels. DNLs of 55 or less are typical of quiet rural or suburban levels; 55 to 65 DNL levels are typical of urbanized areas with medium to high levels of activity and street traffic. In Hawaii,the DOH regulates noise in terms of maximum allowable property line noise limits rather than DNL. Although DOH's criteria are not directly comparable, the noise limits for preservation/residential and apartment/commercial lands equate to approximately 55 and 60 DNL, respectively. Because of the reduced and distorted traffic volumes and mixes associated with COVID-19 in 2020, Ebisu did not take traffic noise measurements as part of this study to validate its traffic noise model. Rather, Ebisu's study utilizes traffic noise measurements obtained in April 2015 along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway,the latest such available data in this area. Daytime background noise measurements taken within the Resort in January and February 2014 were also used to estimate base year background noise levels in the Project Area, away from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. Estimates of future traffic conditions were obtained from the Traffic Impact Analysis Report prepared by Wilson Okamoto Corporation(WOC). (Appendix 2,Appendix D) Currently the acoustic environments of the Project Area are dominated by local traffic, the occasional aircraft noise and the natural sounds of birds and wind in foliage. Baseline (pre- development)traffic noise levels in the vicinity of proposed timeshare and residential units range from 39 to 41 DNL in Kumu Hou Area A, or 40 to 49 DNL or less in Kumu Hou Area B. During its development period, the project will generate construction traffic and construction equipment noise. Because such activities may be audible at long distances from the construction sites, and existing background noise levels are very low,the acoustic environment in the environs of Kumu Hou may be degraded during periods of construction. These adverse impacts are not expected to be in the"Public health and welfare"category due to the temporary nature of the work and due to the administrative controls available for regulation. In terms of mitigations, the use of 56 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications mechanical methods (hoe rams or impact hammers should be avoided and replaced with time delayed explosive or non-explosive methods. However, the use of any type of explosive would need prior approval by Waikoloa Land Company. Additional mitigations include requiring all construction equipment to have approved exhaust and muffler systems; avoidance of high frequency, beeper type backup alarms; and adherence to construction curfew periods and other requirements of State DOH noise regulations. In the long-term,the noise impacts are possible from additional traffic and from the project itself. Due to the resort-residential nature of the project, however,it is not anticipated that the noise level will increase appreciably. Along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, traffic noise levels are expected to increase by 3.3 DNL to 5. 5 DNL by 2045 as a result of mostly non-project generated traffic. At buildout, traffic noise increases attributable to Kumu Hou are estimated to range from 0.1 to 0.5 DNL,well below the range of increases caused by non-project traffic(2.2 DNL to 5.4 DNL). The project-generated increases in traffic noise levels are considered insignificant. Even with these increases, future (2045) traffic noise levels from all sources are estimated to range from 42 to 43 DNL in Area A; 42 to 51 DNL in Area B; and 46 to 53 in surrounding areas of existing development, outside of the Project Area. Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway noise impacts experienced by employees, guests and residents of Kumu Hou are likewise expected to be insignificant due to the substantial development setback from the highway (averaging 800 feet to the edge of any development site, with additional land plan and building setbacks) that is a condition of the project. Kumu Hou will also incorporate building setbacks from Waikoloa Beach Drive,which provides access to both Areas A and B from the highway. Further mitigations could include air conditioning, sound attenuating windows or walls in the design of the planned timeshare (98%of total)and resident(2% of total) units. 2. Air Impacts and Mitigation Measures Terry A. Hayes Associates Inc.(TAHA)completed an Air Quality Study for Kumu Hou in a report dated May 2021. This report addresses the potential air pollution, air quality, and greenhouse gas GHG) emission impacts of the project. (Appendix 9)The purpose of this report was to evaluate the potential for adverse air quality effects associated with implementation of Kumu Hou. Air quality emissions are assessed for construction and operational activities. The analysis focuses on air pollution from two perspectives: daily emissions and pollutant concentrations. TAHA concludes that Kumu Hou should not generate any direct long-term air quality impacts. Key findings and suggested mitigation measures include: Short-term/dust - The primary pollutant of concern during construction activities is fugitive dust generated during earthwork activities and truck travel over unpaved roads. However,soils at the project site are primarily`a`a and pahoehoe lava,which are less likely to generate airborne particles or dust than silty soils. The DOH Clean Air Branch published a Fugitive Dust Fact Sheet that includes examples of reasonable precautions to reduce fugitive dust. Control measures include, but are not limited to, fugitive dust control plans, watering as necessary to maintain soils in a damp 57 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications condition, limiting the amount of exposed areas through planning and timing of project phases, and covering temporarily exposed areas with mulch. Which control measures to implement will be the responsibility of the owner, project manager or operator of the site. The site topography and surroundings, soil conditions, meteorological conditions, site activities, site equipment, and types of material processed must be considered. Regional emissions – The Project Area is located in an Attainment/Unclassified area for all National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and regional air quality is good. Kumu Hou will include open space and landscaping consistent with Hawaiian standards for a luxury resort area and should consider ways to incorporate state-of-the-art energy conservation and green practices in the building design and development.TAHA concludes that Kumu Hou would not interfere with the development of clean energy supplies and there is no potential for it to substantially affect regional air quality. CO dispersion - Screening results for a carbon monoxide (CO) dispersion modeling exercise determined that an intersection experiencing a peak hour volume of approximately 10,000 vehicles per hour—about twice the maximum near the Project Area—would generate a maximum 1-hour CO concentration of approximately 4.6 parts per million ppm). The traffic analysis prepared for the proposed project demonstrates that local intersection volumes would not approach 10,000 vehicles per hour even at full occupancy in 2045.In addition,CO is not a pollutant of concern in the vicinity of the Resort,as evident by the lack of monitoring in the area. TAHA concludes that there is no potential for Kumu Hou to result in a CO hotspot. GHG emissions–Kumu Hou would generate GHG emissions through energy use and new vehicle trip generation. Although it includes land use development,Kumu Hou would also offer open spaces and landscaping consistent with Hawaiian standards for sustainability. The proposed project should consider ways to incorporate state-of-the-art energy conservation and green practices in the building design and development that would reduce GHG emissions relative to older facilities. Regarding off-site electricity generation, the proposed project would require expansion of the existing substation site to add a 3'transformer unit. However, it is not anticipated that the proposed project would require additional power generating capacity. In addition, the state of Hawai`i is committed to renewable energy production, which does not generate GHG emissions. On the Island of Hawai`i, 34.7% of electricity is already derived from renewable sources.Customer-sited solar accounts for 16.8%of electricity, wind for 13.6%, hydro for 3.4%, biofuel for 0.6%, and grid-scale solar for 0.4% of electricity. Hawai`i has enacted a law that mandates that all of the State's electricity come from renewable sources no later than 2045, approximately the anticipated date of Kumu Hou's projected buildout. Project-related indirect emissions would therefore be expected to decline as the State moves toward a fully renewable supply of energy. The study concludes that Kumu Hou would not result in an adverse air quality effect.A cumulative effect would not occur under NEPA regulations, and there is no potential for the project to significantly contribute to a cumulative air quality or GHG impact. 58 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications I.SCENIC AND VISUAL CONSIDERATIONS Planning for Kumu Hou has taken care to conserve open space and honor the wide vistas and unique landscapes that South Kohala is blessed with. As noted in the Executive Summary, the project entails the repurposing of nine holes of the current Kings' Course, encompassing ±73.5 acres that currently provide visual open space, but for which physical access would be restricted to paying golfers. In contrast, the Kumu Hou Master Plan retains ±126 acres, or approximately 69%of the Project Area, in uses that would continue to offer open vistas. These include new areas available to all, such as public parks and paths. In addition,areas that will continue to feature open vistas under Kumu Hou will include landscaped areas around the residential and commercial developments, conserved natural lava,and renaturalized lava landscapes. Kumu Hou would make no changes to the large(average 800-foot) setback from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, where the natural lava is conserved. The Natural Beauty element of the General Plan acknowledges that Hawai`i' s natural beauty is both an irreplaceable asset and a part of the public trust. It seeks to protect the island's natural and scenic beauty with attention to setbacks, landscaping and the protection and enhancement of areas endowed with natural beauty and the protection of scenic vistas and view planes. Notable sites of natural beauty are listed within each district. Table 7-10 of 2005 Hawaii County General Plan lists two such examples that relate to the Resort: the makai-facing views along Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway, and the `Anaeho`omalu Bay area(TMK 6-9-01:013). PBR HAWAII modelled views of these and other notable scenic resources under existing and potential future conditions. (Appendix 10) Existing conditions are based on photographs taken from representative " standing" or "driving" heights, as appropriate to the location, in September 2020. The future conditions consider future development under the conceptual Kumu Hou Master Plan, with the additional timeshare units, golf and guest support facilities,public parks, pedestrian paths, and landscape elements as proposed. Conceptual Kumu Hou plans were presented in detail previously in Sections II.D and II.E. The impact of Kumu Hou on views was evaluated from seven different vantage points, addressing views from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, from within the Resort on public shared-use paths, and views near to `Anaeho`omalu Bay. 1. From Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway Area B (like the rest of the Waikoloa Beach Resort) is setback from the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway by an average of 800 or more feet. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 2)At approximately 3,000 feet from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway,and separated from the Highway by the Kings' Land by Hilton Grand Vacations project, future development in Area A is not expected to be visible from the highway. In addition to its distance, Area A is shielded from view by the terrain of the 'al lava along the makai side of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway from the northern approach to the northern intersection of Waikoloa Beach Drive. Vantage Point 1 is from a spot near to the northern entrance to Waikoloa Resort, as might be seen from a car or bicycle headed south on the highway. 59 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications o Currently, the rooftops and some elevations of the existing three-story timeshare buildings at Kings' Land by Hilton Grand Vacations are visible beyond the lava berm that fronts the highway and some landscape elements beyond. o With Kumu Hou,this perspective could also include some elevation and rooftops of the new Buildings 1 and 2, which could also be up to three-stories in height, or up to 45 feet high. Such views would be softened and/or occluded by the planned landscape elements and neutral project coloring. Vantage Point 2 is from a spot at the southern entrance to Waikoloa Resort. o Currently, foreground views for a driver or bicyclist headed north on the highway are dominated by the intersection light standards, the Resort entry feature, and its landscaping. In the distance looking north,there are views of Kohala Mountain and the open terrain mauka of Kawaihae Harbor. o With Kumu Hou,this view could be very similar,but also include some elevation and rooftops of the new Buildings 16 and 17,and beyond them,Buildings 7 and 8. At maximum heights of three-stories or 45 feet, these new buildings are not expected to substantially affect the distant view of the mountainside. Again, the building views would be softened and/or occluded by the planned landscape elements and neutral project coloring. Project Area C could also be visible from this area of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, but this area was not analyzed since the facilities consist of two wells,underground utility lines and repurposing of an existing golf course lake.These improvements are not expected to include significant,if any, above-ground facilities. 2.From Public Paths and Travelways in the Resort Vantage Point 3 is taken from at point the southern intersection of Ala Ihi Way and Waikoloa Beach Drive looking north. The perspective could represent a driver or bicyclist headed east on Waikoloa Beach Drive,or a pedestrian standing just outside of the Waikoloa Bowl lawn area. o Currently, there is a small amount of vegetation and grass at the southwestern corner of the intersection. The landscape is dominated by the natural lava, areas of disturbed lava along the road shoulders previously used for construction staging, and long-range views of Kohala Mountain in the background. o Kumu Hou would bring park, public access and landscape improvements to this intersection, including pedestrian paths on both sides of Ala Ihi Way, an entryway arbor and a designated crosswalk on Ala Ihi Way. Also in the foreground, palms and other accent landscaping are visible,along with preserved or renaturalized lava outcroppings. In the mid-range view,the expanse of conserved natural lava areas is evident. Distant mountain views could be somewhat occluded, depending on the height and number of large shade trees planted. Vantage Point 4 represents a view that a pedestrian on the Kings' Trail near the northern edge of the Resort could have when headed south. 60 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications o Currently,the foreground is dominated by the natural 'al lava landscape,with the end of Kings' Course fairway 7 (future fairway 9) to the left. The mid-range view includes a glimpse of the existing clubhouse behind landscaping, the end of the existing driveway in the center, and hints of Waikoloa Beach Drive and Ala Ihi Way. A nearly full profile view of Mauna Loa is visible in the distance, beyond various existing landscape elements. o Kumu Hou would entail essentially no change to the foreground view, but could involve redevelopment of the clubhouse building as a community center(building of similar scale to the existing clubhouse),and views of new timeshare Building 12 to its right. The distant profile of Mauna Loa is not affected. 3.Around `Anaeho`omalu Bay and the Shoreline At its closest point, the Project Area is approximately 3,000 feet (more than a half-mile) from Anaeho`omalu Bay; this occurs at the edge of the Gateway Parks parcel in Area B. From this vantage point as well as others throughout the Project Area, existing landscaping,topography and vertical elements either block views towards the Bay or draw attention away from it.These include: some buildings of the Waikoloa Beach Villas, landscaping along Waikoloa Beach Drive and the Queens' Marketplace,a parking lot at the intersection of Waikoloa Beach Drive,the Kings' Trail, and the Waikoloa Beach Marriott Resort & Spa. Kumu Hou would not affect views of Anaeho`omalu Bay or other points along the shoreline. The study also examined whether views from `Anaeho`omalu Bay or other locations near to the shoreline,facing mauka,could be affected by development in the Project Area. In all cases,Kumu Hou would be expected to have no impact on such views. Vantage Point 5 assumes a person standing near the water just mauka of`Anaeho`omalu Beach on a walkway between the Kahapapa and Ku`uali`i fishponds, facing the Waikoloa Beach Marriott. As shown, existing buildings, topography and landscaping block any views of the Project Area. Vantage Point 6 assumes a person standing along the shoreline just makai of the central amenities building of Hilton Waikoloa Village. Again, the existing buildings, topography and landscaping block any views of the Project Area. Vantage Point 7 assumes a person standing along the shoreline looking mauka across Beach Course fairways 7 and 8. Again,the existing buildings,topography and landscaping block any views of the Project Area. 4.Impacts and Mitigation Measures In general, the analysis of potential visual impacts concludes that: 1) Given the proposed building heights, distance from the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and other mitigating factors (such as the natural berming of lava along the highway and undulating terrain of'al lava fields), development of Kumu Hou Areas A and B are not anticipated to significantly impact coastal ocean views from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, 61 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications especially since there are closer and higher vantage points between the highway and the shoreline of`Anaeho`omalu Bay. 2) Because of the existing vegetation, proposed height of structures, and the minimum 3,000-foot distance from the shoreline (the park, in Area B's closest point), over and above obstructions from existing coastal vegetation, Kumu Hou's proposed structures are not expected to substantially impact views of surrounding peaks and mountains from the shoreline. 3) Kumu Hou would present a significantly different view along Ala Ihi Way from a public vantage point on Waikoloa Beach Drive, owing to the Gateway Parks and multimodal public improvements proposed under Kumu Hou. 4) The Project Area is not visible from any of the points tested along the shoreline of the Resort, and therefore Kumu Hou would be expected to affect mauka-facing views from Anaeho`omalu Bay or other areas of the shoreline. Further means of protecting the area's scenic and visual resources include: All of the structures will be at or less than the allowable height of forty- five (45) feet for residential uses (consistent with RM-6 zoning), or thirty (30) feet for commercial/community uses(consistent with CV-10 zoning). Selection and placement of landscaping should be implemented in a way that is mindful of foreground as well as distant background valued viewscapes. Landscaping that is in keeping with the area's character, including retention of unique lava outcroppings, renaturalized lava features and plantings that include native and adaptive species will be expanded upon within and surrounding the Project Area. Such landscaping also tends to demand less irrigation and can withstand the coastal climate.Drought-tolerant landscaping will help to mitigate the view impacts of structures and other manmade improvements. The color of the structures is proposed to be earth-toned and generally of non-reflective material. The design, materials, and color schemes should also help alleviate any adverse visual impacts, especially when viewed from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. 62 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications V. SOCIAL AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS THIS SECTION ADDRESS APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR Section V.C. herein addresses SMA Permit requirement 3L: " Public Access:Existing public access to and along the shoreline or to mountain areas and knowledge of whether public access is being used: " COZ County Environmental Report requirements C, 22 through 27, concerning Public Access, Social-Economic Characteristics, and Surrounding lands land uses and zoning. See also Appendices 1 and I1 A. SETTLEMENT PATTERNS,AREA ECONOMY AND LAND VALUES Waikoloa Beach Resort represents a substantial component of the County's vital visitor economic sector. Together with the Kohala Spa, its two major hotels have been three of the top four employers in the County in recent years. In addition, the Resort supports economic activity throughout the island, via(1) Resort facility expenditures for goods and services such as flowers, agricultural and food products, utilities, real estate services, vehicle purchases, construction, payment of real property taxes and other fees; (2) expenditures made by Resort guests outside of the Resort, such as for shopping, rental cars, tours, and the like; and (3) expenditures made by Resort employees for their daily living needs. Section V.D., below, presents an assessment of the economic and fiscal impacts expected to result from Kumu Hou itself. Existing development at the Resort is primarily visitor-oriented, with timeshare and hotel units dominating the inventory. Among residential units, some are held in short-term visitor rental pools or other transient vacation use, while others are used as primary or part-time residences. Many of the part-time residents within the Resort keep a primary home in the U.S. mainland or Canada. Land in the Project Area is valued at approximately $14.5 million, based on the County's 2020 tax assessed values. Values range from about $15,000 per acre for the parcel that includes the 800- foot highway setback; $30,000 per acre for other properties currently zoned Open, and $ 157,000 to $212,000 per acre for those currently zoned RM-8 and RM-6, respectively. B. SURROUNDING LAND USES AND ZONING For the most part, the surrounding land uses in this area include a mixture of uses consistent with a major Hawaiian resort node. At Waikoloa Beach Resort, these include open spaces (golf course and natural lava fields), hotel and timeshare developments, resort residential multi- and single- family units, two commercial shopping centers, Waikoloa Beach Drive, and a golf clubhouse. 63 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications State LUC, County LUPAG and existing zoning designations throughout the Resort support its major resort orientation. The requested zoning and Master SMA Major Use permits would be consistent with the existing and evolving mixture of residential and open space land use pattern in this area. Nonetheless, appropriate mitigative measures - such as landscaping and downward facing lighting - will be taken so as to minimize Kumu Hou's impact on neighboring properties. C. PUBLIC ACCESS Waikoloa Beach Resort currently features a network of private roads with sidewalks that are open to the public; various paths and trails; and public beach areas with related access parking. Probably the most popular features for the public are those that promote access to`Anaeho`omalu Bay Beach Park and along the shoreline. Most of these features are currently located in the makai Resort areas, including the Kings' Trail, which delineates the Resort's mauka and makai areas. I ' J.. IH.END Kumugcn,J Project -* n.c•TAI Public access to the oundary 27,shorel ine is required of the a kart.,KA." Resort per SMA 25, where Mt,..M.t,.' Condition 6 states, "...the P'1""A..V,.Polk p., T4vw'IaVdwM'4"s4petitionershallprovideI.. - Ay.w..Cash heb public accesses to the '' t shoreline meeting with the i approval of the Planning x' - Z Ay.... „M.,..•. Director. Such public + ,N "' ._ accesses shall be provided -' . in perpetuity and by y '= •,;,%`.• /J recorded covenant running with the land." This condition was satisfied with A. ,' : , •1 ', ie; improvements made '' nq IAWN pursuant to a Public Access f.,.,, - and Parking Plan dated * / L"= ' 1'' 4:?'',• 4'' N -- v / /e i ' 4..4 . t:g -Elk rt moi January 20,1998, I 4N 5,:t„•„,-. '.; ' r., y r y •, j K.nw.w.rd.oaa ^1 at y,c Accordingly, existing A 7 A,,, improvements include "" ..", , ' f public restrooms, showers, ilik/and trails and parking to support access to f Anaeho`omalu Bay and elsewhere along the Figure 22: Waikoloa Beach Resort Public Access shoreline. See Appendix 1, Exhibit 26 for copy at larger scale Kumu Hou does not abut the shoreline and would not impair existing beach or shoreline access in any way. Rather, it would add important new dimensions to public access,with improvements that expand and link access to the mauka Resort area. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 26) Proposed new park 64 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications and other public access improvements were described in Section II.E.7, and are summarized below. An 8-foot-wide pedestrian pathway is planned to traverse from north to south along Ala Ihi Way. This path is envisioned as a grade-separated facility with interspersed shade trees and landscaping, encouraging new routes for enjoying walking, jogging, or pushing a stroller from place to place through the Resort. It would connect the northern and southern ends of the looped Waikoloa Beach Drive, running alongside Project Area B and the proposed new golf clubhouse. Two Gateway Parks at the southern intersection of Ala Ihi and Waikoloa Beach Drive, with a new pedestrian crossway prominently marked between them. The parks would be open to all and would include various amenities designed to appeal to Hawaii Island residents, full-and part-time residents of the Resort, and guests staying in Kumu Hou or other Resort accommodations. A more complete description is provided in Section II.E.7. Pathways through the makai Gateway Park would provide multimodal access to the Queens' MarketPlace, and from there link to sidewalks and other paths leading to the shoreline or other Resort attractions. D. ECONOMIC AND FISCAL IMPACTS Approval of the requested zoning and SMA Major Use permits would lead to substantial economic and fiscal benefits for Hawaii residents and the County and State governments. This section summarizes the findings of an economic and fiscal assessment of Kumu Hou prepared by PBR HAWAII in March 2021. (Appendix 11)All figures presented in this section are stated in constant 2020 dollars. The findings reported herein are based on conceptual development timelines as described in the economic and fiscal impact assessment, and consistent with those presented elsewhere in this document. The timeframes and periods of analysis in this report were established for modelling purposes, and do not represent predictions of the future pace of buildout and absorption, which will depend on market and other factors as discussed previously. 1. Jobs and Personal Earnings Kumu Hou would provide short-term employment opportunities for those in the construction and related industries. Over approximately the next six years(2021 to 2026), representing the pre-and early construction phase,some 350 full-time equivalent( FTE)development and operations-related jobs would be generated in an average year, most on the island of Hawaii. These jobs could be expected to be associated with nearly$26 million in personal earnings every year,or about$77,000 per FTE development-related job, and $63,000 per FTE operations-related job. Even higher local job counts and personal earnings would be generated in the medium-and long- terms,as timeshare units are completed for occupancy. During the estimated buildout period(2027 to 2042), Kumu Hou is estimated to support an average of 520 FTE development-related workers, and 930 FTE operational workers in any given year, including opportunities generated by the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of this new activity throughout the State's economy. Overall, this would represent some 1,450 FTE positions, with average earnings of about $79,000 per development-related position, and$61,000 per operations-related position. 65 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Once Kumu Hou is fully built out, it will continue to generate operations-related employment throughout the Hawai`i Island and State economies, with an estimated 1,080 FTE ongoing jobs. 2. Government Revenues Development of Kumu Hou would also generate substantial benefits for County and State government, stemming from increased real property tax and other revenues for the County; and additional general excise tax,transient accommodation and transient occupancy taxes, and income taxes for the State. After adjustment for the additional government expenses that could be associated with Kumu Hou, the County is projected to realize net additional tax revenues amounting to about $10 million per year at project completion, in 2020 dollars. The State would likewise realize substantial fiscal benefits, amounting to more than $52 million in net additional tax revenues per year during the major development and operating period(2027 to 2042), and$11 million per year on a sustained, long-term basis thereafter, in 2020 dollars. 3. Kumu Hou Master Plan Compared to Existing Master Plan The economic and fiscal impact assessment also compared the net benefits of Kumu Hou to those that might be realized should the Resort's development within this Project Area proceed based on current zoning ("the existing master plan") instead of the Kumu Hou Master Plan. During their respective development periods, Kumu Hou could be expected to generate 210 to 410 more FTE development-related jobs than the existing master plan in any given year, and more than 800 FTE operations-related jobs on an ongoing basis. Additionally, compared to the existing master plan, Kumu Hou is expected to generate about $8 million more per year in net additional tax revenues for the County, and $9 million more per year to the State, on an ongoing basis at project completion, in 2020 dollars. E. AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS The Project Area has no history of any active commercial agricultural purposes. This is due in large measure to the poor soil conditions Cal and pahoehoe lava flows), as described previously in Section IV.B. The Project Area is not classified as Agricultural Lands of Importance to the State of Hawai`i ALISH). The soil classification system of the State LSB has not rated the majority of the Project Area, but the small section that is rated is shown as Class E or "Very Poor" for agricultural purposes. As a result, there should be no agricultural impacts resulting from the requested SMA approval or rezoning. 66 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications VI. INFRASTRUCTURE CONSIDERATIONS THIS SECTION ADDRESS APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SMA application requirements 3M through 0: o 3M - "Description of access(es) to the area (e.g. width, type of surface and condition of roadway)." o 3N: "Traffic Impacts - assessment of existing traffic conditions, anticipate increase in traffic and traffic impacts from proposed use... " o 30: "Availability of Utilities: Water, telephone, electricity, sewage disposal. " COZ County Environmental Report requirement D, concerning Public Facilities and Services. See also Appendix 2 Infrastructure considerations related to Kumu Hou, including traffic, and various necessary utility services, are summarized in this section. More detailed information and documentation is included in the PER. (Appendix 2)Additional needed facilities could be identified as construction proceeds in the future. A. ROADS AND TRAFFIC WOC, acting as a subconsultant to RMTC, prepared a Traffic Impact Report(TIR)for Kumu Hou, dated June 2021. The full document is included as Appendix D to the RMTC PER at Appendix 2. The WOC study addressed the traffic impacts of Areas A and B only, since Area C is not expected to generate any meaningful traffic. This section provides a brief overview of WOC's assessment of existing and future traffic conditions, and proposed mitigation measures. Together with the proposed mitigations noted below, the study concluded that future traffic operations along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway after buildout of Kumu Hou are generally expected to remain similar to conditions that could be experienced even if the project were not developed. The findings reported herein are based on conceptual development timelines as described in the TIR, and consistent with those presented elsewhere in this document. The timeframes and periods defined were established for modelling purposes, and do not represent predictions of the future pace of buildout and absorption, which will depend on market and other factors as discussed previously. 1.Access Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway is a north-south, two-way major State highway with wide shoulders that provides for regional travel between Kawaihae and Kailua-Kona. In the vicinity of the Resort, the roadway is generally a two-lane highway with a posted speed limit generally 45 miles per hour MPH). Near the southeast corner of the Project Area, Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway intersects Waikoloa Beach Drive(South)at a signalized intersection. The northbound approach of Queen Ka`ahumanu 67 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Highway at this intersection includes an exclusive left-turn and through lane,while the southbound approach includes an exclusive left-turn lane, a through lane, and a channelized right-turn lane. Waikoloa Beach Drive is a predominantly two-way two-lane private roadway that makes a "U" through the Resort, serving as its primary roadway and intersecting Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway at a second location further north. The Waikoloa Beach Drive (North) intersection is also signalized, and improvements were recently implemented there to provide dedicated turning lanes on the Waikoloa Beach Drive approach. Both the northbound and southbound approaches of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway have an exclusive left-turn lane, a through land, and a channelized right-turn lane. North of the Resort, Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway intersects Mauna Lani Drive, an unsignalized T-intersection that provides the primary access to Mauna Lani Resort, another major resort that is adjacent to Waikoloa Beach Resort. 2. Existing Traffic Conditions Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic at the time of study,the traffic data used for purposes of WOC's analysis was based on data obtained for the State Department of Transportation (DOT) collected in 2019 at traffic count survey stations along Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and Waikoloa Road in the vicinity of Kumu Hou, along with other publicly available data from other traffic studies in the vicinity. Those traffic counts were supplemented by data collected by the Applicant at traffic count surveys located along Waikoloa Beach Drive at the Resort's north and south accesses. These data were used to develop estimates of baseline Ma,,na\- a"I'' conditions at three 3 intersections in the vicinity of Kumu Hou, including at Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway r : and Waikoloa Beach Drive teach Rd North Jeer South); Queen Ka`ahumanu t sib Entrance • Highway, Waikoloa Beach Z Drive (North), and Waikoloa h'dikoloa Rd ProjectSite Road;and Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and Mauna Lani Drive Appendix 2,titi South Appendix D). Entrance N h rrot4 The TIR reports traffic Figure 23: Traffic Survey Locations volumes in relationship to road Source: Wilson Okamoto Corporation, 2020.See Appendix 2,Appendix D for capacities based on a generally full report.accepted industry concept of Level of Service (LOS). The LOS scale ranks traffic flow on any given road or intersection from"A",which represents ideal or 68 Kumu llou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications free-flowing traffic conditions to "F", which represents unacceptable or potentially congested traffic operating conditions. The TIR found that the AM peak traffic at the study intersections generally occurs between 7:30 and 8:30 AM,while the PM peak hour of traffic generally occurs between 3:30 and 4:30 PM. At intersection #1, both northbound and southbound traffic on the highway show a LOS rating of A during the AM peak, and B during the PM peak. Traffic on Waikoloa Beach Drive operates at B during the AM peak and C during the PM peak. At intersection #2, northbound highway traffic operates at LOS C during both peak periods, while southbound traffic operates at LOS C and LOS B during the AM and PM periods, respectively. The Waikoloa Road approach operates at LOS B in the AM and C during the PM peak,while the Waikoloa Beach Drive approach operates at LOS C during both periods. At intersection #3, Queen Ka`ahumanu northbound operates at LOS A during both peak periods. The Mauna Lani Drive approach operates at LOS B in the AM period and D in the PM peak period. 3. Traffic Impacts of Kumu Hou For purposes of traffic impact analysis, Kumu Hou was assumed to be fully built-out by 2045. In addition to the timeshare, residential, and other facilities identified, the project would entail new internal roadways to provide access through the sites and connections to the existing Waikoloa Beach Drive. Synergies between the proposed and existing uses within the Resort are expected to reduce external trips outside of the Resort.The TIR found that at full buildout by 2045,Kumu Hou could be expected to generate 356 and 430 new vehicular trips during the project's AM and PM peak hours,respectively. The TIR concludes that while LOS ratings along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway could be lower in 2045 as compared to 2019,these declines are expected to be the result of regional growth factors rather than Kumu Hou's development. Together with the proposed mitigations noted below, future traffic operations after buildout of Kumu Hou are generally expected to remain similar to conditions that could be experienced even if the project were not developed. 4.Proposed Traffic Mitigations The following mitigations,recommended in the TIR, are planned to be implemented as part of the Kumu Hou Master Plan: 1. Sufficient sight distance for motorists to safely and enter project driveways and roadways. 2. Adequate on-site loading and off-loading service areas; prohibition of off-site loading operations on adjacent roadways. 69 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 3. Adequate turn-around areas for service, delivery, and refuse collection vehicles to maneuver on the project site to avoid vehicle-reversing maneuvers onto adjacent roadways. 4. Sufficient turning radii at all project driveways and roadways to avoid or minimize vehicle encroachments to oncoming traffic lanes. 5. Wayfinding/destination signage along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway near the south and north Waikoloa Beach Drive access roadways to provide guidance for motorists accessing the Waikoloa Resort area. Signage would be intended to direct motorists to the connection closest to their destinations to distribute traffic between the two available access roadways. 6. Improved pedestrian facilities such as sidewalks should be considered(wherever practical and feasible) along all roadways within the project boundaries to increase connectivity and facilitate circulation in the vicinity of the project.Pedestrian facilities should be made accessible in conformance with the ADA. In addition, consideration should be given to the inclusion of improved pedestrian facilities such as marked or protected crosswalks at intersections, raised intersections, raised crosswalks, and bulb-outs to reduce pedestrian crossing distances and increase pedestrian safety within the project boundary. Pedestrian facilities that are expected to accommodate more than one mode such as shared-use paths should follow the minimum design requirements for that facility. 7. Coordinate with the various Resort property managers that offer shuttle service to explore the possibility of extending service to Kumu Hou to increase mobility,encourage the use of alternate modes of travel, and minimize internal trips. 8. Provide guests with information regarding access routes,transit and shuttle services in the vicinity, and information on nearby amenities to direct them to the appropriate access roadways including Waikoloa Beach Drive and Ala Ihi Way and reduce external trips outside of the resort area. 9. Provide additional improved bicycle facilities within the Project Area, including designated and secured bicycle parking to encourage the use of alternate modes of travel. 10. Prepare an update to the traffic study after the completion of Phases 1 and 2 (as defined by WOC, after approximately 676 timeshare units completed), to verify projected traffic conditions and determine additional mitigations, if necessary. 11. Prepare a supplemental traffic assessment to verify projected traffic conditions since more updated baseline traffic data could not be collected given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 12. Update the traffic study should development phasing, land use intensity, land use mix, or driveways change materially. 70 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications B. WATER The County Department of Water Supply does not have a water system in this area. Potable water in this area is provided through a private water system owned by HWSC and serviced by its subsidiary WHUC. Existing 12-inch water mains are located on the northern part of Waikoloa Beach Drive and at Ala Ihi Way. According to the PER prepared by RMTC(Appendix 2),the project is anticipated to need 520,900 gallons per day (GPD) of potable water. Area C will not generate demand for water. Table 10: Projected Water Demand Average Day aximum Daily Peak Hour Flow Demand(GPD) 1 emand (GPM) 1(GP1VI) Area A 115,600 120.42 401.39 Area B 405,300 422.19 1,407.29 Total 520,900 542.61 1,808.68 Source:R.M. Towill Corporation, 2021, Tables 4 and 5. GPD—gallons per day; GPM—gallons per minute The proposed water system will connect to the existing HWSC's 12-inch water main at the northern part of Waikoloa Beach Drive. Preliminary discussions with HWSC and reporting by TNWRE indicate that the current water system serving the area has the capacity to serve the development. In January 2021, HWSC provided a letter indicating that WHUC is willing and able accommodate this increase in water use. (Appendix 14) All improvements shall conform to the County Water System Standards dated 2002. All required water system will be completed prior to issuance of occupancy permit for any portion of the subject area. C. WASTEWATER There are wastewater facilities and sewer pump stations that presently serve or are planned to serve the Project Area. The Waikoloa Beach Resort Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and two sewer pump stations are used by the surrounding developed properties. The proposed wastewater system for Area A will connect to the existing 8-inch sewer line along Puakala Place. The proposed wastewater system for Area B will connect to the existing sewer pump station along Ala Ihi Way located near the WLC Office. The total wastewater generated from Area A is estimated at 0.09 MGD with a design flow of 0.23 MGD. The total wastewater generated from Area B will be 0.29 MGD with a design flow of 0.79 MGD. (Appendix B of Appendix 2) Area C will not generate any wastewater. HWSC's January 2021 letter indicates that as for potable water, WHUC is willing and able to serve Kumu Hou's anticipated wastewater needs. (Appendix 14) 71 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications D. SOLID WASTE There is no municipal refuse service serving the Project Area. Currently, portions of Areas A and B are developed; both generate negligible solid waste. The project will generate solid waste during construction and after development. The construction waste will primarily be made up of vegetation, rocks, and debris resulting from clearing the site prior to construction, construction material waste and debris during construction. After construction, waste will primarily consist of commercial and household waste. Most of these wastes will be combustible. Refuse generated from the project will be serviced by a private refuse company or self-hauled to the existing County landfill at Pu'uanahulu. To the extent possible, the emphasis will be on waste diversion and recycling. Towards that end, during the course of preparing the land for this project, the Applicant intends to retain and use as much of the existing material on the Project Area. There will be unavoidable construction waste. Potential recycled waste could include green waste, wood waste, cardboard, and metals. What is not feasible to recycle may be hauled off and disposed at the County landfill at Pu'uanahulu. The implementation of a waste reduction program could help minimize disposal at approved sites during both construction and operational periods. E. OTHER GOVERNMENT SERVICES 1.Police, Fire and Emergency Services As part of an existing urban area, Kumu Hou will have access to a number of established services. The required police, fire, and related services are available. Police protective services are provided from the Waimea station, while backups are available from Kapa'au in North Kohala and Kailua-Kona. Fire protective services are available approximately three (3) miles to the north. Backup services are also available from Waikoloa Village, Waimea, and Kailua-Kona. Emergency medical services can be provided through the Fire Department's emergency medical unit located at the fire station north of the Project Area. There are hospitals at Waimea, North Kohala, and Kona. 72 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 2. Public Schools Kumu Hou is expected to result in negligible or only modest impacts on the public educational facilities of the County over time. Direct effects - The proposed timeshare developments would not include any permanent residents,but a portion of the 25 single-family lots that are proposed,as they are improved with residences by individual lot buyers,could result in some few families with school age children over time. The economic and fiscal impact assessment conducted for Kumu Hou Appendix 11) estimated that the 25 single-family lots at Kumu Hou could eventually result in about 20 new County residents,the majority of whom would be adults. Indirect — Some Kumu Hou employees who move to the County because of work opportunities at Kumu Hou could also bring dependents. Many such project employees may not live in the immediate vicinity but rather would be scattered through the existing surrounding communities. The economic and fiscal impact assessment estimated that by the time of its completion, Kumu Hou have indirectly supported about 40 new County residents, about half of whom could be dependents. Such dependents would include spouses or partners(adults)as well as children. Public educational needs of any children associated with Kumu Hou would be served at Waikoloa Elementary&Middle School, and Kealakehe High School. 3. Parks Relative to parks, Kumu Hou would include two public parks at Ala Ihi and Waikoloa Beach Drive,along with new public access,pedestrian paths,and sidewalks. The Resort already includes public parking and access to `Anaeho`omalu Bay, the Kings' Trail, its anchialine pond preserve areas, and myriad other public recreational and cultural facilities as identified previously in Appendix 1, Exhibit 26. Beyond the Resort itself, South Kohala includes several prominent public beach park areas, including the Hapuna Beach State Recreation Area;Puako Small Boat Ramp and beaches; Spencer Beach Park; the Pu`ukohola Heiau National Historic Site; and the Mau'umae, Kauna`oa and Hapuna beaches.There is a public park at the County's Kamakoa Nui project in Waikoloa Village, as well as various public parks and recreational facilities in Waimea and Kailua-Kona. 4.Other Considering the resort-related nature of Kumu Hou and its location within a resort node, the demand for government services is expected to be less than other areas of Hawaii County. Should there be a need for any extension and/or improvements of infrastructure (such as water or wastewater)and/or services due to the development of this project,the Applicant or its successors will consult with the County to determine their fair share allocation of such. 73 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications F. OTHER UTILITIES Other utilities to be required by Kumu Hou are discussed below. All future utility lines will be underground, thus minimizing potential visual impacts. 1. Electrical The proposed electrical supply for this project will be provided by Hawaiian Electric - Hawaii Island(RECO-HI). The expansion of the existing substation site to add a 31d transformer unit and related improvements will be required. Infrastructure consistent with distributing power from a substation transformer directly to Area B and continue to Area A will also be required, while connecting to existing infrastructure on Waikoloa Beach Drive. RMTC finds that the power requirements of Area C will be nominal. 2. Cable TV The proposed video service for Areas A, B and C will be provided by Spectrum. Preliminary findings indicate adequate video service is available that originates at Mauna Lani Resort. The connection to existing services coming from Mauna Lani Resort will be required. Infrastructure will need to be provided to these areas while connecting to existing infrastructure on Waikoloa Beach Drive. 3. Telephone The proposed telephone supply for this project will be provided by Hawaiian Telcom. Connection to existing services near the electrical substation will be required. New infrastructure will need to be routed with the proposed work for the electrical infrastructure. 74 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications VII. REGULATORY ANALYSIS THIS SECTION A 1)DRESSES A PPLIC4TION REQUIREMENTS FOR SMA Permit requirement 3F and 4B: o 3F: "A written statement discussing the proposed development in relationship to the objectives and policies as provided by Chapter 205A, HRS and the Special Management Area guidelines as contained herein. " o 4B: "The relationship of the proposed action to land use plans, policies and control of the affected area;" COZ County Environmental Report requirement B, concerning Conformance with State/County Plans. See also Section III Section III presented State and County plans and designations that affect the SMA and COZ requests for Kumu Hou. This section evaluates the proposed development in the context of County goals, policies and standards established by the regulatory provisions relevant to the current SMA and rezoning request. Presented below is an analysis of Kumu Hou with respect to the following regulatory mechanisms: County General Plan and LUPAG South Kohala CDP County Zoning Special Management Area A. GENERAL PLAN AND LUPAG MAP The County General Plan serves as an umbrella policy for other regulatory controls and policies enforced by the County. It provides for the long-range comprehensive development of the island of Hawai`i and provides direction for balanced growth in the County. The General Plan is currently under review, with adoption by the County Council targeted by September 2021. The LUPAG is a map component of the General Plan,and it shows the Project Area located within the Resort Node land use designation. This designation allows the zone change requests made under this application. B. GENERAL PLAN The requested zoning would be consistent with the pertinent goals, policies, and standards of the Land Use and Economic Elements of the General Plan. 75 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 1. Land Use Element (Resort) Goals: The stated goals are: Maintain an orderly development of the visitor industry. Provide for resort development that maximizes conveniences to its users and optimizes the benefits derived by the residents of the County. Ensure that resort developments maintain the cultural and historic, social, economic, and physical environments of Hawaii and its people. policies: The stated policies are: Promote and encourage the rehabilitation and the optimum utilization of resort areas that are presently serviced by basic facilities and utilities. Lands currently designated Resort should be utilized before new resorts are allowed in undeveloped coastal areas. Zoning of resort areas shall be granted when the proposed development is consistent with and incorporates the stated goals,policies and standards of the General Plan. Standards: The stated standards are: Designate and allocate future resort areas in appropriate proportion and in keeping with the social, economic, and physical environments of the County. Evaluate resort areas and the areas surrounding existing resorts to ensure that viable quality resorts are developed, and that the surrounding area contributes to the quality, ambience and character of the existing resorts. Coastal resort developments shall provide public access to and parking for beach and shoreline areas. Require developers to provide the basic infrastructure necessary for development. Standards(Resort): Stated standards that guide the development of a Major Resort area are: A major resort area is a self-contained resort destination area that provides basic and support facilities for the needs of the entire development. Such facilities shall include sewer,water, roads, employee housing and recreational facilities, etc. A major resort area is designated as a Resort node or part of a Resort node on the LUPAG Map. 76 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Maximum visitor units: 3,000 units. Resort acreage: 90 acres minimum. Active and passive recreation areas: 50 acres minimum. Either participate in an off-site housing program or a maximum of 640 acres for residential use when other zoned lands are not available in close proximity for support use. Courses of Action(Resort- South Kohala): There was only one course of action stated: Adequate access, sewer and water systems,and other basic amenities shall be provided in all areas where higher density uses are allowed. The proposed actions would be consistent with the above goals, policies, and standards, and are considered to be representative of an orderly and sustainable approach to maintaining and developing the County's important visitor industry while protecting cultural, historic, economic and physical environments and values. Kumu Hou would be part of the existing and evolving Waikoloa Beach Resort. As previously mentioned,the proposed development is designed to retain the fairways abutting the Kings' Land by Hilton Grand Vacation project,thus minimizing impacts to the latter project. The Project Area is within the Waikoloa Resort Node. The proposed development of Area A and Area B would support ongoing resort functions with emphasis on utilizing lands currently designated Resort rather than introducing resort uses in an area not envisioned by the General Plan. The Kumu Hou Master Plan has been developed to be in keeping with the social, economic and physical environments of Waikoloa Beach Resort, and with the County's intentions for major resort developments. Lateral and mauka-makai coastal accesses are also available, as well as public parking for coastal users. The development of Kumu Hou will not impede access to and along the shoreline. Its Gateway Parks and new public pedestrian paths are intended to expand the network of public access points through the Resort and to the coastline. All of the required infrastructure is or can be readily made available by the Applicant and/or its successors. With respect to affordable housing, while the Resort's affordable housing commitments were satisfied by a donation of 300 net acres of land to the County and other considerations, the Applicant recognizes a demand for more affordable workforce rental housing in West Hawai`i, and Kumu Hou would enhance the financial feasibility to address this situation. In anticipation, the Applicant has identified a ±25.4-acre site south of the Queens' MarketPlace that could be suitable for affordable workforce rental housing and has initiated discussions with potential developers for a project of not less than 142 units. If undertaken,this would be the first affordable housing developed within a major resort in West Hawaii. This initiative is considered complementary to but not part of the Kumu Hou Master Plan. 77 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 2. Economic Element Goals: The stated pertinent goals are: Provide residents with opportunities to improve their quality of life through economic development that enhances the County's natural and social environments. Economic development and improvement shall be in balance with the physical,social,and cultural environments of the island of Hawai`i. Strive for diversity and stability in the economic system. Provide an economic environment that allows new, expanded, or improved economic opportunities that are compatible with the County's cultural, natural and social environment. Strive for an economic climate that provides its residents an opportunity for choice of occupation. o Strive for full employment. Policies: The stated pertinent policies are: Encourage the development of a visitor industry that is in harmony with the social, physical, and economic goals of the residents of the County. Require a study of the significant cultural, social and physical impacts of large developments prior to approval. The land, water, air, sea, and people shall be considered as essential resources for present and future generations and should be protected and enhanced through the use of economic incentives. Identify and encourage primary industries that are consistent with the social, physical, and economic goals of the residents of the County. Promote a distinctive identity for the island of Hawai`i to enable government,business and travel industries to promote the County of Hawaii as an entity unique within the State of Hawaii. Encourage the health/wellness industry. Encourage new industries that provide favorable benefit-cost relationships to the people of the County. Benefit-cost relationships include more than fiscal considerations. 78 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Kumu Hou would complement and strengthen Waikoloa Beach Resort, and offers a sustainable means of maintaining a signature golf complex and large amounts of open space,while enhancing public access. To support the County's transition to a more sustainable tourism economy, Kumu Hou will serve to offset the island's ongoing loss of hotel room inventories with timeshare units that have demonstrated more stable utilization characteristics, and that would be located within a long-established resort area. As the only resort in South Kohala that allows timeshare uses, Kumu Hou is seen as a key component for achieving the diversity and stability in this industry that is so important to the County. As noted earlier, Kumu Hou would provide short-term employment opportunities for those in the construction and related industries. Over approximately the next six years (2021 to 2026), representing the assumed pre- and early construction phase, some 350 FTE development and operations-related jobs would be generated annually, most on the island of Hawai`i. These jobs could be expected to be associated with nearly $26 million in personal earnings every year, or about $77,000 per FTE development-related job, and $63,000 per FTE operations-related job, in 2020 dollars. Even higher local job counts and personal earnings would be generated in the medium- and long- terms, as timeshare units are completed for occupancy. During the estimated assumed buildout period (2027 to 2042), Kumu Hou is estimated to support an average of 520 FTE development- related workers,and 930 FTE operational workers,including opportunities generated by the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of this new activity throughout the State's economy. Overall, this would represent some 1,450 FTE positions, with average earnings of about $79,000 per development-related position,and$61,000 per operations-related position, in 2020 dollars. Once Kumu Hou is fully built out, it will continue to generate operations-related employment throughout the Hawai`i Island and State economies, with an estimated 1,080 FTE ongoing jobs. The project will thus generate significant new direct and indirect opportunities for island residents to improve their quality of life through myriad local employment and business opportunities. Kumu Hou has been planned with consideration for its cultural, historic, natural and social environments. Kumu Hou would expand places and routes for public access through the Resort, with linkages to the shoreline beyond the Project Area. Kumu Hou would also enforce covenants, codes, and restrictions(CC&Rs)to ensure that building and landscape designs are consistent with the Resort's existing high standards and respectful of their natural setting. All required infrastructure is readily available or, if not, will be proportionately provided by the Applicant and/or its successor(s) without taxing government's servicing ability. Finally, all structures will be built to comply with the County Zoning Code standards, such as parking, setback, height, landscaping, etc. Significantly, but independent of Kumu Hou, the Applicant established the Waikoloa Foundation in 1987, and intends to fortify its funding with some $40 million to $50 million in 2020 dollars that will be tied to sales of timeshare units in Area B. Together with the community center redevelopment and the potential affordable workforce rental housing project described above, 79 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications these major initiatives are intended to strengthen the Resort's relationship to and contributions to its community,while enhancing the health and wellbeing of community residents. 3. Other Elements Various other General Plan policies will be supported by Kumu Hou. For example,due to the high cost of electricity on the island, future structures will be designed with consideration of more energy efficiency, seeking to take advantage of cooling wind patterns and incorporate, and where feasible, solar water heating and/or photovoltaic systems. The Applicant considers maintenance and improvement of environmental qualities to be important to the success of this project. The General Plan identifies five areas of environmental concerns - air and noise pollution, water quality, soil pollution, and solid waste disposal. These issues are addressed by technical studies conducted for these applications, as presented in Sections IV.H, IV.G, IV.B, VI.D,respectively. A brief summary of findings for each is presented below. Air pollution—The Air Quality Study produced by TAHA for this project(Appendix 9), concluded that Kumu Hou should not generate any direct long-term air quality impacts, including contributions to regional emissions, CO dispersion and GHG emissions. In the short-term, earthwork preceding construction activities could generate fugitive dust; various measures to minimize and control this potential source of air pollution are cited in Section IV.H.2. The Resort's increased visitor capacity due to Kumu Hou is expected to result in additional vehicular traffic in its vicinity, but according the TIR, the project's contribution to area traffic increases is only slight in comparison to the overall background growth factors Appendix 2, Appendix D). In addition, there are increasing options for less-polluting vehicles and transportation modes, including hybrids, all-electric, and hydrogen vehicles and various forms of ride sharing. Noise pollution — An Acoustic Study prepared by Ebisu (Appendix 8), concluded that there would be some regional noise impacts from Kumu Hou's traffic generation, but the project's contributions relative to background conditions are considered insignificant.Even with the combined impact of Kumu Hou's and background traffic increases, noise levels after project completion (estimated for these purposes at 2045) are still expected to be below 55 DNL, levels typical of quiet rural or suburban areas. In the short-term, the Kumu Hou would generate construction traffic and construction equipment noise. To mitigate these impacts, the Applicant intends to comply with State DOH noise regulations. These include limiting construction activities to certain periods of the day; requiring all construction equipment to have approved exhaust and muffler systems; and adhering to State DOH blasting measures. Water quality - TNWRE examined the potential impacts of Kumu Hou on water resources. (Appendix 6)The study concluded that the project's fresh water needs could be supplied without adverse impacts to its source aquifer in Waimea,and that the repurposing 80 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications of 59.9 acres of currently irrigated golf fairways, together with Kumu Hou's increased production of wastewater, which will be collected and treated to R-1 standards,14 are expected to result in ultimately lower rates of brackish water draws from under the Resort. The additional R-1 water available for irrigation is anticipated to enable a reduction in the use of fertilizer on the golf course, more efficient update of nutrients by the turfgrass, and a lower concentration of nutrients in the portion of applied irrigation that percolates to the groundwater below. TNWRE concludes that the ongoing additions of nutrients to the groundwater passing beneath the Resort and discharging at the shoreline are therefore expected to be reduced,potentially improving area water quality. Soil pollution — The General Plan states that: "Soil pollution has occurred with the accumulation of industrial,agricultural,and domestic chemicals and the improper disposal of solid wastes, such as refuse, old cars, refrigerators, stoves and other scrap metal, thus creating both unsanitary and unsightly conditions." This may describe historically- occupied areas of the County,but the Project Area generally consists of natural lava fields or golf course lands, and would not have any of the materials described. Additionally, the Project Area has very limited or poor-quality soils,as presented previously. Solid waste disposal — Existing uses in the Project Areas A and C currently generate negligible solid waste, while developed portions of Area B generate minimal solid waste. Proposed construction and operational activities under the Master Plan will generate waste and debris. Such refuse will be serviced by a private refuse company or self-hauled to the existing Pu'uanahulu landfill. Relative to historic sites and archeological resources,much of the Project Area has already been disturbed owing to its current uses for golf fairways and water features, a golf clubhouse, roads, various infrastructure and other prior improvements; other areas remain undeveloped and are comprised largely of pahoehoe or 'al lava fields. The AIS identified 14 sites with a total of 417 features. Based on HAR §13-284-6(b), Haun assesses all 14 sites as significant solely under Criterion"d"for their information content. Under this criterion,the sites have yielded information important for understanding pre-contact resource procurement, tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area. The mapping, written description and photography at the 14 sites has adequately documented them and Haun recommends no further work or preservation. If there are any inadvertent cultural or archaeological discoveries in any phase of development, work will cease and the Applicant and/or developer will notify SHPD and/or other parties as required, and appropriate mitigation will be taken before work is resumed in the area. The General Plan includes consideration for habitat of RTE species. No RTE plant species as listed by the USFWS appear to be present in the Project Area, nor are there any rare species or 14 All wastewater at the Resort is directed to the Waikoloa Beach Resort Wastewater Reclamation Facility.This plant utilizes membrane bio-reactor(MBR) filtration to produce R-1 recycled water, the highest-quality reclaimed water defined by the State DOH. R-1 water can be used without restriction for irrigation. This increased resource will be used on the Resort's retained 27-hole golf complex,thereby further lowering the need for draws from groundwater. 81 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications uniquely valuable vegetation types. No existing or proposed federally designated critical plant or animal habitat is present in or near the Project Area. There appears to be no potential to adversely affect RTE plant species. Wide-ranging threatened and endangered animal species are present on the property, as they are throughout most of coastal West Hawaii. These include the Hawaiian hoary bat, Blackburn's sphinx moth, the Hawaiian goose, the Hawaiian stilt, and several species of seabirds that do not land in the project area or utilize its resources but may fly over the area at night. Potential impacts and mitigation measures relevant to faunal resources found or likely to be found in or near the Project Area are summarized in Table 6,in previous Section IV.D. The Natural Beauty element of the General Plan acknowledges that Hawaii's natural beauty is both an irreplaceable asset and a part of the public trust. It seeks to protect the island's natural and scenic beauty with attention to setbacks,landscaping and the protection and enhancement of areas endowed with natural beauty and the protection of scenic vistas and view planes. Notable sites of natural beauty are listed within each district. Table 7-10 of 2005 Hawaii County General Plan lists two such examples that relate to the Resort:the makai-facing views along Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, and the `Anaeho`omalu Bay area (TMK 6-9-01:013). The analysis of potential visual impacts concludes that: 1) Given the proposed building heights, distance from the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and other mitigating factors, development of Kumu Hou Areas A and B are not anticipated to significantly impact coastal ocean views from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, especially since there are closer and higher vantage points between the Highway and the shoreline of Anaeho`omalu Bay. 2) Because of the existing vegetation, proposed height of structures, and the minimum 3,000-foot distance from the shoreline(which occurs at one of the Gateway Parks,in Area B's closest point), over and above obstructions from existing coastal vegetation, Kumu Hou's proposed structures are not expected to substantially impact views of surrounding peaks and mountains from the shoreline. 3) Kumu Hou would present a significantly different view along Ala Ihi Way from a public vantage point on Waikoloa Beach Drive, owing to the Gateway Parks and multimodal public improvements proposed under Kumu Hou. 4) The Project Area is not visible from any of the points tested along the shoreline of the Resort, and therefore Kumu Hou would be expected to affect mauka-facing views from Anaeho`omalu Bay or other areas of the shoreline. Further means of protecting the area's scenic and visual resources are described in Section IV.I.4 and consider height limitations, landscaping selection and placement, and building colors and materials, in conformance with County standards. The Project Area is not adjacent to the shoreline. As such, there would be little to no impact on coastal resources. Coastal access is already available, and development of the Project Area will 82 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications result in no obstruction of mauka-makai access; coastal water impact should be minimal through the use of an approved centralized wastewater system. During the construction phase, BMPs will be employed to minimize potential runoff into the ocean. The drainage system for the Project Area will be designed and developed to avoid direct intrusion into the shoreline. There will be little impact to public facilities. The roadway and related driveways within the Project Area will be private. Access to the Project Area is already available. The Resort provides its own wastewater system. The private water system is also available from a private source and any improvements will be provided by the Applicant(or its successors)in accordance with Hawai`i Public Utilities policies. All on-site improvements will be constructed by the Applicant or its successors. While Kumu Hou is anticipated to generate negligible demands on the area school system, as explained previously in Section VI.E.2., it is located in the service areas for Waikoloa Elementary Middle School, and Kealakehe High School. C. SOUTH KOHALA COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN Section 15.1 of the County General Plan called for the development and eventual County Council adoption of CDPs. The General Plan sets forth that CDPs "will translate the broad General Plan statements to specific actions as they apply to specific geographical areas."The South Kohala CDP was developed and subsequently adopted by the County Council on November 20, 2008 Ordinance No. 2008-159). The South Kohala CDP outlined five (5) general policies and a varying number of sub-policies within each general policy for the South Kohala District. The relationship of the proposed rezoning with the general and applicable sub-policies is described below. 1. Culture and Sense of Place The South Kohala CDP Policy No. 1 is to seek to preserve the culture and sense of place of South Kohala communities. The Project Area is part of the Waikoloa Beach Resort node or community. Development of the areas will be consistent with the sense of resort community. Kumu Hou's proposed pedestrian paths and parks are planned to enhance, not impair access to the shoreline. Coastal access has and will continue to be provided and maintained by the Waikoloa Resort Association and the Waikoloa Beach Association,with assistance from the Applicant when needed,making the coastline fronting the Resort available to other communities as well. 2. Community Transportation Needs CDP Policy No. 2 seeks to provide for the transportation and circulation needs of the South Kohala community and for commuters to/from South Kohala. Sub-policies of General Policy 2 include incorporating "complete street" standards for new major roads in the district, establishing travel ways to link communities within the district, building safe roads in place of existing dangerous 83 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications roads without truck runaway ramps such as Kawaihae Road, and identifying and establishing transit corridors for future mass transit service within the district. This policy is not considered applicable to development of the Project Area as the scope of the Project is focused on developing a specific portion of an existing individual community,and does not encroach on adjacent or larger communities within South Kohala. 3. Affordable and Workforce Housing CDP Policy No. 3 seeks to provide affordable and workforce housing resources for low- and moderate-income individuals,families,and for those residents of South Kohala with special needs While the Resort's affordable housing commitments were satisfied by a donation of 300 net acres of land to the County and other considerations, the Applicant recognizes a demand for more affordable workforce rental housing in West Hawaii,and Kumu Hou would enhance the financial feasibility to address this situation. In anticipation, the Applicant has identified a±25.4-acre site south of the Queens' MarketPlace that could be suitable for affordable workforce rental housing and has initiated discussions with potential developers for a project of not less than 142 units. If undertaken, this would be the first affordable housing developed within a major resort in West Hawai`i.This initiative is considered complementary to but not part of the Kumu Hou Master Plan. 4.Protection from Natural Hazards CDP Policy No. 4 seeks to develop programs and standards that will protect the South Kohala community from natural hazards, including major storms, flooding, tsunami, lava flows, and wildfires. As outlined in one of the sub-policies of the CDP, "firewise landscaping principles" are applied within the Project Area, including landscaping with fire and drought tolerant plants and native plants. At the existing Kingsland timeshare facilities owned and operated by HGV adjacent to the Project Area, employees are already familiar with procedures and practices for evacuation of visitors,residents,and employees in the event of natural disasters like hurricanes, tsunami,or lava flows. Facilities and guestrooms are furnished with signage and educational materials for the benefit of visitors and other building occupants. HGV, the intended developer of Area A, will continue such beneficial practices as it develops Area A; the Applicant will instruct any future developer of Area B to follow similar practices and protocols. 5. Environmental Stewardship and Sustainability CDP Policy No. 5 seeks to develop guidelines and programs that promote environmental stewardship and the concept of sustainability. WLC has long had programs in place to steward the natural and built environments of the Resort, honoring its rich cultural history and unique beauty. The Applicant is committed to promoting guidelines and programs for Kumu Hou that continue to promote environmental stewardship via design principles and best practices.The opportunities and constraints applicable to such measures can be expected to evolve over the extended development and operating period anticipated,due to 84 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications ongoing climate and other environmental changes,technological advances, societal standards, and the like. In this respect, measures that the Applicant is planning or considering, as well as ideas and guidelines for future operational practices, were described previously in Section II.F. Proposed sustainability actions and guidelines reflect the State and County philosophies and requirements, along with enhancements to facilitate responsible stewardship, as detailed in Appendix 13. Further explanation and specifics for many of the proposed actions may be found in subsequent sections to this document,and in the technical studies included herein as Appendices 2 through 11. D. ZONING Relative to the Resort Node designation, the General Plan notes that these areas"include a mix of uses such as hotels, condominium hotels(condominium developed and/or operated as hotels), and support services. Intermediate Resort, Minor Resort, Major Resort, and Retreat Resort Areas are identified as Resort Areas on the LUPAG Map; Waikoloa Beach Resort is designated as a Major Resort Area. The Project Area is part of the Waikoloa Resort Node, a designation that allows the existing Open, RM-8, RM-6 and CV-10 zoning districts. The Applicant is requesting Project District zoning designation for Area B and RM-6 zoning designation for the majority of Area A. Accordingly, these requests are consistent with the LUPAG map. In addition,the Applicant is requesting RS-10 zoning for the 7.3 acres of Area A(Site L2)that are proposed for 25 single-family lots. This lower density zoning classification is also seen to be compatible with the golf-frontage location of this particular site. In conclusion, the requested County zoning and planned uses for the areas for which COZ is requested are consistent with the uses envisioned within the Major Resort Area and Resort Node classifications. E. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA This section reviews Kumu Hou in the context of the SMA objectives, policies, and guidelines of County Planning Commission Rule No. 9 as well as the Coastal Zone Management Program, outlined in Chapter 205A-2, HRS. 1. Recreational Resources The proposed improvements should not have any adverse impact to the recreational resources of the area. The Project Area is not a coastal property, and none of the proposed improvements will occur within the often recognized sixty-foot shoreline setback area. The nearest residential or commercial structure would be setback over a mile, or about 5,400 feet from the shoreline. As there will be no structural improvements within the sixty(60)feet of the shoreline,the existing lateral access fronting the Waikoloa Resort property will not be impeded and will continue to be implemented per the Public Access Plan. Development on the Project Area is expected to expand 85 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications and enhance access to the shoreline due to the new lateral and mauka-makai pedestrian paths planned along Ala Ihi Way and through the proposed Gateway Parks. 2. Historical and Cultural Resources Much of the Project Area has already been disturbed owing to its current uses for golf fairways and water features, a golf clubhouse, roads, various infrastructure and other prior improvements; other areas remain undeveloped and are comprised largely of pahoehoe or 'al lava fields. The AIS identified 14 sites with a total of 417 features. Based on HAR §13-284-6(b), Haun assesses all 14 sites as significant solely under Criterion "d" for their information content. Under this criterion, the sites have yielded information important for understanding pre-contact resource procurement, tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area. The mapping,written description and photography at the 14 sites has adequately documented them and Haun recommends no further work or preservation. 3. Scenic and Open Space Resources Given the proposed building heights, distance from the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and other mitigating factors (such as the natural berming of lava along the highway and undulating terrain of'al lava fields), Areas A and B are not anticipated to significantly impact coastal ocean views from Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway, especially since there are closer and higher vantage points between the Highway and the shoreline of`Anaeho`omalu Bay. (Appendix 10) Because of the existing vegetation,proposed height of structures, and large open spaces and large setbacks to be retained, Kumu Hou's proposed structures are not expected to substantially impact views of the surrounding mountains from the shoreline. 4. Coastal Ecosystem The proposed improvements within the Project Area should not generate any adverse impacts to the area's coastal ecosystem. In fact, as noted in Section IV.G.1, Kumu Hou could result in less withdrawal from the underlying groundwater aquifer, and potentially less application of nutrients on the golf course,resulting in improved nearshore water conditions. Although the structures may increase the amount of impervious surface, any increase in stormwater runoff will be directed into new drywells on-site and away from the ocean and anchialine ponds. Finally, all Kumu Hou wastewater will be directed to the Waikoloa Beach Resort Wastewater Reclamation Facility where it will be treated to R-1 standard, the highest-quality reclaimed water defined by the State DOH. Such waters can be used without restriction for irrigation;they will not be discharged into the coastal ecosystem. 5.Economic Uses The community, in its South Kohala CDP and General Plan, expressed a desire to allow developments in certain areas,such as Resort Nodes as applicable to the Resort. Should the Project Area be approved, development will transform underutilized areas into additional timeshare 86 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications communities that will serve to support a more economically sustainable Resort community, and a more resilient County economy. Kumu Hou would provide short-term employment opportunities for those in the construction and related industries. Over approximately six years (2021 to 2026), representing the pre- and early construction phase, some 350 FTE development and operations-related jobs would be generated, most on the island of Hawai`i. These jobs could be expected to be associated with nearly $26 million in personal earnings every year, or about $77,000 per FTE development-related job, and 63,000 per FTE operations-related job, in 2020 dollars. Even higher local job counts and personal earnings would be generated in the medium- and long- terms,as timeshare units are completed for occupancy. During the estimated buildout period(2027 to 2042),Kumu Hou is estimated to support an average of 520 FTE development-related workers, and 930 FTE operational workers, including opportunities generated by the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of this new activity throughout the State's economy.Overall,this would represent some 1,450 FTE positions, with average earnings of about $79,000 per development-related position, and $61,000 per operations-related position, in 2020 dollars. Once Kumu Hou is fully built out,it will continue to generate operations-related employment throughout the Hawai`i Island and State economies,with an estimated 1,080 FTE ongoing jobs. Finally, through its various marketing programs, Kumu Hou will promote market awareness of related industries and Hawai`i Island in general. 6. Coastal Hazards According to the FIRM, the Project Area lies within Zone "X", representing an area of minimal flood hazard. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 24) The Project Area is not subject to coastal flooding. As such,there should be minimal hazards posed by inland flooding that cannot be properly addressed during the review and approval of the required on-site constructions plans by the County. The Project Area does not fall within the Civil Defense Tsunami Evacuation Zone. With the advance early warning systems,there should be adequate opportunity to address tsunami impacts, and warn guests who may be visiting makai areas of the overall resort. 7. Managing Development This County Environmental Report is intended to communicate the potential short-and long-term impacts of development on the Project Area early in their life cycle and in terms understandable to the public to facilitate public participation in the planning and review process. 8. Public Participation Public participation in the review of the permitting process is achieved through the posting of signs, and notifications to surrounding property owners pursuant to both the SMA and COZ processes. Public testimony is also available at the Leeward Planning Commission's and County Council's required public hearings. 87 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 9.Beach Protection Kumu Hou is not adjacent to the shoreline.The most proximate building improvements associated with Kumu Hou are estimated to be more than a mile from the shoreline, or about 5,400 feet away. The nearest approach of the Project Area to the shoreline is at about 3,000 feet, representing a pathway from the Gateway Parks towards the ocean. 10. Marine Resources As noted above,Kumu Hou does not abut the shoreline, and does not involve any construction or operational activities within the ocean or in marine environments. In fact, as noted in Section VII.E.4,nearshore marine water conditions could be improved as a result of Kumu Hou. Mitigating measures will be taken during the construction and post-construction period of this project. Erosion control measures meeting with the requirements of the State DOH and County Department of Public Works will be developed and implemented, particularly during the construction period. Drywells, if needed, meeting with the UIC requirements of the State DOH will be used to help address potential impacts from surface runoff after the project is completed. 11. SMA Policy Conclusion Based on the foregoing, it is concluded that the proposed improvements on the Project Area are consistent with the objectives, policies and guidelines of the SMA Rules and Regulations. Specifically: Development of Kumu Hou will not have any substantial, adverse environmental or ecological effect on beach, marine, recreational, historical, scenic, and open space resources. Any effect that may result will be minimized to the extent practicable and is clearly outweighed by public health, safety and welfare, and other compelling public interest. Kumu Hou will not generate any effects that are adverse by themselves or in conjunction with other individual developments, the potential cumulative impacts of which would result in a substantial adverse environmental or ecological effect and the elimination of planning options. Appropriate mitigating measures will be taken to address any potential adverse impacts of development of the Project Area; Kumu Hou's proposed land uses are consistent with the objectives,policies, and guidelines of the SMA Rules and Regulations; and The proposed uses and zoning are consistent with the County General Plan,LUPAG, South Kohala CDP, and the County Zoning Code. All of these documents designate the Project Area for resort uses. 88 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications VIII. IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE ANALYSIS THIS SECTION ADDRESS APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SMA application requirements 4C through G: o 4C- "The probable impact of the proposed actions on the environment;" o 4D: "Any probably adverse environmental effect which cannot be avoided;" o 4E: "Alternatives to the proposedaction;" o 4F: "Mitigating measures proposed to minimize impact; and" o 4G: "Any irreversible and irretrievable commitment of resources. " o 30: "Availability of Utilities: Water, telephone, electricity, sewage disposal. " COZ County Environmental Report requirement E, concerning Environmental Assessment and Analysis. A. PROBABLE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT Kumu Hou's probable impacts on the environment are set forth in prior sections, and include: Expanded and enhanced public pedestrian path options within the Resort. A potential 0.54 MGD or 4% increase in withdrawals of fresh water from the Waimea Aquifer upon project completion, a level that is assessed to be within the sustainable yield of the aquifer. Decrease in overall withdrawal of brackish groundwater from the Waikoloa Aquifer,owing to less golf fairway area to water and more production of R-1 wastewater for irrigation purposes. Potentially improved near-shore marine water and coastal ecosystem conditions. Conversion of±73.5 acres of private access open space(golf fairways) in Areas A and B, plus other undeveloped areas into timeshare,golf support and other public and private uses. Newly developed areas would include±126 acres of open space, representing±91 acres of paths, pools, renaturalized lava, and other landscaped areas open to the sky, ±3 acres of landscaped/improved areas in two new public parks and public pedestrian paths, and ±32 acres of retained natural lava. (Appendix 1, Exhibit 22.) B. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHORT- AND LONG-TERM CONCERNS This section describes the relationship between Kumu Hou's local short-term uses of the environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity. In the short-term, uses of the Project Area could be similar to current conditions, which is "de facto" open space. However, this open space is accessible only to private paying clientele (golfers at the Kings' Course) or is largely inaccessible (undeveloped lava fields). This will continue until the proposed improvements are made. In the long term, the repurposing of nine fairways to timeshare and related community facilities will serve to ensure the economic sustainability and productivity of the Resort, as explained previously. The Resort has determined that given long- 89 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications term market trends, the proposed 27-hole golf complex will adequately meet the recreational demands from the Resort and the community for the foreseeable future. The redevelopment will also contribute new roads, sidewalks, pedestrian paths, and parks to public use. The Project Area is not considered suitable for agricultural uses. This project should not result in any significantly adverse short or long- term impacts that cannot be properly mitigated. There will be direct and indirect economic benefits resulting from the construction and operation of this project. As noted previously in Section V.D, Kumu Hou is expected to generate some 260 FTE development jobs per year over approximately the next six years, and up to 520 per year in the subsequent 16 years of its buildout, including the project's total (direct, indirect, and induced) effects. Total ongoing operational positions could range from about 90 FTE jobs per year in the next six years, and up to 1,080 by project completion and thereafter. Relatedly, the long-term productivity of the Project Area will result in substantially increased tax revenues, serving to enhance and diversify the State and County's fiscal resources. C. IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENT OF RESOURCES Large portions of the Project Area have already been partially disturbed due to the construction of the Kings' Course. The Project Area also has a paucity of botanical resources. The parts of Areas A and B where natural surfaces remain are dominated by 'ea lava. Pahoehoe is present in a few ki8puka and also as inclusions within `a`a flows where the lava is transitional. Most of the 'al. lava appears barren of flora and fauna. Individual plants, including weeds such as fountain grass, sourbush(Pluchea carolinensis)and kiawe,as well as the common native`uhaloa,are occasionally present in `a`a fields, especially near the fringes of vegetated areas. Pahoehoe flows have sparse, low vegetation, especially in cracks where sediment and moisture can accumulate. Although pahoehoe flows are also weed-dominated, natives such as `uhaloa are abundant. The 24 species of birds detected during the fauna survey (or during previous surveys of the same or directly adjaent areas) were found almost exclusively on or near the golf course or other landscaped areas. The natural,lava-covered areas of the Project Area had extremely few birds. The majority of bird species observed were non-natives, and the most abundant were common mynas Acridotheres tristis), zebra doves (Geopelia striata) and saffron finches (Sicalis flaveola). As such, the commitment of natural or other resources (such as botanical or avifaunal) would not appear to be significant. Relative to historic sites and archeological resources, much of the Project Area has already been disturbed owing to its current uses for golf fairways and water features, a golf clubhouse, roads, various infrastructure and other prior improvements; other areas remain undeveloped and are comprised largely of pahoehoe or 'ea lava fields. The MS identified 14 sites with a total of 417 features. Based on HAR §13-284-6(b), Haun assesses all 14 sites as significant solely under Criterion"d" for their information content. Under this criterion,the sites have yielded information important for understanding pre-contact resource procurement, tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area. The mapping, written description and photography at the 14 sites has adequately documented them and Haun recommends no further work or preservation. However, some community members with ties to, and knowledge of, the area in and around the Project Area, expressed concerns about trails and other potential issues. 90 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa SpecialManagement Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications D. MITIGATIVE MEASURES The Applicant or its assigns will enact various mitigative measures to address environmental, cultural, and other conditions of public interest, and will meet State and County regulations, as presented in previous sections. These proposed measures are summarized in the table below. Table 11: Summary of Proposed Mitigation Measures for Kumu Hou Discipline/ Section Condition of Interest Proposed Mitigation Floral and Hawaiian Goose and Continue to avoid birds and coordinate with DOFAW. Faunal(IV.D) Hawaiian Stilt-Disturbance to these threatened/endangered birds, which rest or feed on golf course areas Floral and Hawaiian Hoary Bat- Avoid cutting or disturbing woody vegetation taller Faunal(IV.D) Disturbance of roosting than 15 feet between June 1 and September 1. mother bats and pups in roosting season Floral and Blackburn's Sphinx Moth- Prevent infestations of tree tobacco.Avoid removal of Faunal Disturbance to pupae and tree tobacco plants>3 feet. Coordinate with DOFAW IV.D) larvae on tree tobacco host and/or USFWS where removal is necessary. plants Floral and Threatened/endangered Avoid non-shielded lighting and nighttime construction. Faunal(IV.D) seabirds-Disorientation by lighting Cultural Treatment of trail segments in TCP Hawai`i recommends discussion and collaboration Resources Area B with two trail experts,representatives of SHPD,Haun IV.E,IV.F) and Henry,and the Applicant. If inadvertent cultural discoveries are made,cease work,inform SHPD and/or other parties as required, and identify appropriate mitigations. Water and Potential impacts on Neater Standard freshwater conservation. Coastal and nearshore water resources BMPs during construction to mitigate and prevent Resources and quality runoff from entering the ocean to the extent possible. IV.G) Direct stormwater away from ocean and anchialine ponds. Obtain appropriate UIC permit for any drywells, and comply with County Grading Ordinance controls. Noise(IV.H) Traffic and noise during Avoid use of mechanical grading methods;however, construction any type of explosive would need prior approval by WLC.Construction equipment to have approved exhaust and muffler systems.Adhere to construction curfew periods and other State DOH noise regulations. 91 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Discipline/ Condition of Interest Proposed Viitigation Sectiim Air(IV.H) Fugitive dust generated during Reasonable precautions to reduce fugitive dust,such as earthwork and travel over dust control plans,watering,limiting exposed areas unpaved roads during through planning and timing of phases,and etc. construction Scenic and Protection of natural beauty Design structures at or less than the allowable height of Visual(IV.I) including scenic vistas,view forty five(45)feet for residential,or thirty(30)feet for planes and protection of commercial/community. notable sites of natural beauty Consider foreground as well as distant background viewscapes in landscape planning;design in keeping with area character,including retention of unique lava outcroppings,renaturalized lava features,and plantings that include native and adaptive species. Favor earth-toned colors and generally non-reflective material,with attention to views from QKH. Traffic(V1.A) Traffic safety;conditions on Design for sufficient sight distances for safe entry and Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway exits;adequate on-site loading and off-loading areas; prohibit off-site loading on adjacent roadways. Adequate turn-around areas.;sufficient turning radii at project driveways and roadways. Wayfinding/destination signage along QKH near the two Waikoloa Beach Drive intersections to direct motorists closer to their destination and better distribute traffic. Traffic(V1.A) Encouraging multimodal Improved pedestrian facilities where practical and transportation and supporting feasible.Coordinate with the Resort property managers pedestrian safety and that offer shuttle service to explore the possibility of convenience within the extending service to Kumu Hou,encourage the use of Project Area alternate modes of travel,and minimize internal trips. Inform guests re access routes,transit and shuttle services,and nearby amenities to reduce external trips outside the Resort. Traffic(V1.A) Future traffic monitoring and Prepare a supplemental traffic assessment to verify assessment projected traffic conditions when possible. Prepare an update to the traffic study after the completion of approximately 676 timeshare units completed. Update the traffic study should development phasing, land use intensity,land use mix,or driveway designs change materially. Infrastructure Various infrastructure needs Provide required off and on-site infrastructure, VI.B,C,D,F) including on-site drainage system,landscaping,water, and wastewater improvements. All of these will be initiated in conjunction with the permitting and permit implementation phases of this project. 92 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications E. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 1. No Action Under the no action alternative, the Project Area would remain as de facto open space use, with the Kings' Course remaining closed for the foreseeable future and the surrounding lava fields remaining undeveloped. This could result in the ±171-acre Kings' Course going fallow, creating potentially unsightly areas in the mauka areas of the Resort.This would likely impair the reputation and marketability of HGV's nearby timeshare units and Hilton Kings' Land and the Resort generally. Under this scenario,the Project Area would not be utilized to its highest and best use,as envisioned by the General Plan and the Resort Node concept of the LUPAG map. Additionally, the economic and fiscal benefits of 900 timeshare and 25 single-family homes would not be realized, and the additional public parks and expanded public access through the Resort would not be developed. 2.Develop the Project Area Pursuant to Current Master Plan Under this scenario, the Project Area would be improved based on the Resort's existing master plan and current zoning. Under this scenario, 264 additional timeshare units would be developed in Areas A and B, representing 900 fewer timeshare units than proposed under Kumu Hou. The Gateway Parks plan and additional pathways that are part of the Kumu Hou proposal would not be implemented, depriving the on-Resort population and other island residents these additional recreational activities and multimodal opportunities. Even if the Applicant were able to reopen nine holes at the Kings' Course,±92 acres, representing those fairway areas that would have been repurposed under the Kumu Hou Master Plan in Area B, could be allowed to go fallow, again creating the same unsightly conditions and impairments to marketability noted above. While the Resort could initially enjoy a 27-hole golf complex (18 at the Beach Course and the reopened 9 at the Kings' Course), it is likely that the 9 additional holes at the Kings' Course would not be sustainable with the smaller visitor population implied,and they would need to be closed after a few years. Like the first alternate scenario above, the Project Area would again not be utilized as envisioned by the General Plan and the Resort Node concept of the LUPAG map. This alternate scenario was modelled in the economic and fiscal impact assessment (Appendix 11), where it was estimated that, compared to Kumu Hou, the existing master plan would result in(figures in 2020 dollars): 210 to 410 fewer FTE development-related jobs; 820 fewer FTE operational jobs on an ongoing basis; 16 million to$32 million less in development-related personal earnings every year during development; 30 million less in operations-related personal earnings every year on an ongoing basis; An average of 1,840 fewer visitors on the island on any given day upon completion 2043+), generating $106 million to$209 million less in annual spending in the State; 8 million less in net additional tax revenues per year for the County,on an ongoing basis; and 8 million less in net additional tax revenues per year for the State, on an ongoing basis. 93 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications 3.Evaluation of Alternatives The no action alternative would not address the County's interest in creation of a sustainable tourism industry and sustainable new jobs and tax revenues, and could in fact jeopardize the market viability of the substantial public and private investments already made in Waikoloa Beach Resort. In the context of the Project Objectives articulated in Section I.B, compared to the Kumu Hou Master Plan, this scenario would be expected to result in substantial impairment of community economic benefits(Objective#1)and the County's goals for more sustainable tourism( Objective#2).This would be due not only to the lesser productivity of the Project Area itself, but also to potential impairment of other areas of the Resort. In theory, the Resort could continue to operate a sustainable and luxury resort-standard golf complex Objective#3)with only the Beach Course's 18-holes;however the smaller complex would offer less diversity of playing environments and less capacity. The alternative to develop pursuant to the Resort's existing master plan but without the 900 additional timeshare units, parks and paths would achieve some additional economic and fiscal benefits, but would not fulfill the intent of the original SMA-25 and LUC approvals for this major resort area and would also deprive the on-Resort and general island communities of additional park,open space,and pedestrian path connections. In the context of the Project Objectives, compared to the Kumu Hou Master Plan, this scenario would again result in impairment of community economic benefits(Objective#1) and therefore the County's goals for more sustainable tourism (Objective#2). This would be due not only due to the lesser productivity of the Project Area itself,but also to potential impairment of other areas of the Resort.Initially,at least,the Resort could satisfy Objective 3 with an iconic and luxury-resort standard 27-hole complex; however, as noted above, the smaller on-Resort population could eventually jeopardize continued operations of the nine holes of the Kings' Course. In summary, neither of the alternatives appears more prudent and beneficial than the Kumu Hou Master Plan and the proposed SMA and COZ requests. 94 Appendix 1 : Resort and Kumu Hou Conditions and Plans Exhibit 1: Existing Conditions Exhibit 2: Conceptual Master Plan Exhibit 3: Location of Waikoloa Beach Resort Exhibit 4: Project Area and Affected TMKs Exhibit 5: Surrounding Land Uses Exhibit 6: Major Land Owners, 2020 Exhibit 7: State Land Use Districts Exhibit 8: Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Exhibit 9: Existing Zoning Exhibit 10: Special Management Area Exhibit 11: Land Ownership After Intended Exchanges Exhibit 12: Kings' Course Plan: Current 18-Hole and Long-Term 9-Hole Routes Exhibit 13: Kings' Course Plan: Interim 9-Hole Route Phase 1 and Phase 2 Exhibit 14: Kumu Hou Area A: Conceptual Plan for Timeshare and Single-Family Uses Exhibit 15: Kumu Hou Area B: Conceptual Plan for Timeshare and Golf Support Uses Exhibit 16: Kumu Hou Area B: Conceptual Plan for Public Parks and Paths Exhibit 17: SMA Permit Application Request #1 Remove Project Area from SMA 25 Exhibit 18: SMA Permit Application Requests #2 and #3 New SMAs for Area A Exhibit 19: SMA Permit Application Request #4 New SMA for Areas B & C Exhibit 20: Proposed Changes of Zone in Project Area A Exhibit 21: Proposed Changes of Zone in Project Area B Exhibit 22: Conceptual Summary of Open Space Exhibit 23: Natural Resource Conservation Service Soil Classification Exhibit 24: Flood Insurance Rate Map Exhibit 25: Former Waikoloa Maneuver Area Remedial Investigation and Risk Assessment Sector 17A Exhibit 26: Waikoloa Beach Resort Public Access J ••• r.• i$• tik:. 7t ,,,,,,,;... -,,,.... ., ••:..:, : ..\• lilt p h \ orri 4.4:11..,i;.t. t.i .'... .‘, ,.,- ,,1 , \ iz...,•'' .,s-' I.* 1.4.,. 4;..1 ; ..t:',. , s 40. 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R. i - 443-,..° Ts.t — g :4' 3' d88 ;11 « 27, 1 . .1.. f.t.0.O 7 C C - 0 7 a5 ? a :e-0ag A. \' R 1 P. i •. 1,:( .. .,.7)..,:i . ,,..1 •-.,;.-:._,,3,3m o, , .1-?,;‘,,Ii..,•,, , -');2..0 , •-, f i 5. / '..• ..• kuriti: T.= .4-ig, N. 4e?1: 1:';„ 0„. 11.,:; la;: i:. t.:),•-. 1::..,: CD>:: ximis_.4„, .., o3 c CI) 0 Pa I Iaa 1 • = k, \ ' CD 7 1, 1' 4; Er e's e • -41'••• . S'.. '''c i I K 94 g= 51 2 Z'' F',. v, nn0 ..t..441- ..-. 1c41.2,4,- F 0 IFD 1 5 i! c.__.. co C -cicu i, 40-, I o o 1:11 AI IN a- 2 g a 9'o is ri31 io"."..• .0: . 1- 0"'''.;.•--..... s‘ 6 v. .' t n ism._ p' 0 imm 2 ft I U e:/44...7 n i I ia,. 1 P rI2 1 l l 1 J fr.. rarePenevar 40 YawelYil! L.r • t.a•want. r Moor MMBay -•. ,i -a * .. 1.. % Y . '.- d J 5 Nwwkwpe ` v a a i. • lr t \ M pa•-ans Dr . •T t cS a auk? S'r',.."--r L. • Ci i..- s — I. H mo- c4° i r. o oa Beac,5 I : N 4/JT; w v iI a• D, I) J 1 t o J•4y r \-f'9.-i'Q ._ Rs Waikoloa Rd— A`4 } r f f J „, tO waiko/or QtY' Ana , •omalu Bay j • aIV'*o%oa k.. '''-(..--',/, E1//a ee s. . e 9 e\. s..., r••• Met C Q`• r JR4 i Kohala xv/ r \ Protect, 1 0 a J i Area,J Mauna C 7 Kea 4 yam,.. - _ .-? n -` \HiloKailua- 3 i s 5- w ij Kona P e0t Mauna V_ dJ, a : OW f Loa Volcano cif j• Na•alehuktp" 4 1 S 4- C` Amim tiDate:4/ 8/2021 Legend Exhibit 3 111111 Waikoloa Beach Resort Location of Waikoloa Beach Resort Tax Map Key Parcels Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waikoloa Land Company Island of Hawaii North Linear Scale(Feet', 0 750 LS00 3.OYJ i1Il 1V11411 Source:County of Hawai'i,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only. y 1 10it/ / Area71 6, iss Are a C 10/ 0111111b\ t, ,; 0(4 1'' 401100 4000 4 401#1#.1111-11: 1, , I.)<) a,` i//7.- %/i r) C)u8.ur1 4:6' r ra Area B TMK Parcel Area ApproL Project Current County saes)Area(acres)Zoning Area A6-9-008:021 26.7 26.7 RM-8 9 OU80 1 6 9008:027(pori) 17.0aiiiiiiii6.2 Open 6 9008:028(port 61.7 12.7 Open 6- 9-008:031(por.) 1.2 0.3 Road Subtotal: 106.6 45. 9 Area B 9-008:013(por.) 125.5 29.5 Open if 6- 9-008:013(por.) 0.2 0.2 RM-4 4.'' 6- 9-008:022 21. 7 21.7 RM-8 6- 9-008:025 4.5 4.5 CV-10 6- 9-008:029(por.) 92.0 65.8 Open 69008:033 12.2 12.2 RM-4 Subtotal: 256.1 133.8 t• Area C 6- 9-008:013(por.) 125.7 1.2 Open 6- 9-008:028(por.) 61.7 1.9 Open c 410111 n. Subtotal: 187.4 3.1 Total: 362.7 182.9 a my eaw.rom.m or.u«>rk nK wa.n.s.no..e..rowon..o- y. Date:5/ 21/ 2021 Legend Exhibit 4 Tax Map Key Parcels Project Area and Affected TMKs Affected Tax Map Key Parcels Project Area Kumu Hou at Waikoloa V,dd:olc i Le..':,,,If.,),y 1>,I,r'-lass L edvS ale rfJJ' il 1..- i,, Source:County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only. Jr 11 Mauna tani - r , esort 4 ' //^ s '+i r s s,11al" •r ii' Honokaope Champion104e >it° Lau1e'a jIffilici a>..--„,„„` p I;` SK'anikuo'- 49 BladeSandBeach lik wob Keani,t GolfVillas Fra41111 i Brown, c\ Ainamalu xGolfCourS•Sit9A Ocean TowerT b HGV,- s ke s"Q_ `. Waiulua Vali'!Kai i ,.[ao, 44' ' v' p y ' gay - - s 1 i° Waikoloa Kings' A s T?` Golf Course`, ‘ 11------'>-•••al*.Colony ty..r.,/y/ ..-- HiltonHilton ..-----'`T—_ -a\,./ 00 las` j^ 'J1^ Kings'Land Waikoloa The Bay Club .,9P\ `% - by Hilton Grand Villagei i a y Vacations. ChKohala Or Naupaka The Shores Suites(HGV) iParcel I Place v -/-/-/ J' ,l f.. Waikoloa w,rikolc Brach Beach Resort Golfe Kings and A chialine Course Beach Course__— Ponds es Clubhouse Waikoloa HeliportVistaBlueHawaiianWaikoloa s\ Kolea Faiiway Petroglyph. T Open e.£' Helicopters) Villas i keser ve , r h Space Kings' Setback Marriott Lake 3\ • Resort+&Spa y Kings''/ Waikoloa= ffRi Sho ^s Beach Villas 0{ j Fishpond Kutialii 4f B,G Waikoloa ` lava Lava queens'arketplace Bowl --- Beach Club ri Waikoloa ResortUtilitiesInc p HawaiianElectric Cr 1--ti i4C a 3 Ixa Date:5/21/2021 Legend Exhibit 5 Waikoloa Beach Resort Surrounding Land Uses Project Area Tax Map Key Parcels Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waikoloa land Compa^y Island of Hawaii Nor:h L'rear Sca'.e(Fees 0005011141/4 0 503 1,0CC 7000 I'BR 11.3,11.N ll Source:County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only. HonokaopeBoy Aaaliii: Pliq , itti, i 1 , , . - . - 11\ 41 1 '7)' 7 . 149 Halil Kai .. 1 V4 Golf Villas iratMaunaLaniResort/I 4 Sunstone Ridge '' 1 , Joint Venture f. 1_ OM"' . . ' rea C at waikoloa Beach Resort N..0/1"111%\ 7-1.:--- \------1 f 4? 14. Shore .›.1-1 at Wafkoloa Beach Resort Ili mi, i 3, ',,, SMG I Hotel. e> Beach Villas ce71.1• 11440iiiir Z Market LLC 1 ABP Waikoloa LLC k Nani Wak ANNuakoLLC 1 40*NV*•*,4••••••••11••*4•••••••*••*•46.i•4144.4.444.44.4;4414.41444.4.44014.444.4”.." 1iL\ Date.5/21/2021 Legend I=1 Pn ec Area Waiko|oaLand [o/,e|a den hes Exhibit 6 Waikoloa Beach Resort 0111 Hilton Kingsland 1 LLC Major Land Owners, 2020 Tax Map Key Parcels Other Hilton-related Entities 1111 DHL Mahi Property Co. LLC JPL Hawaii LLC Kumu Hou at Waikoloa M Lonomakua Partners LLC wwwloa Land Company Island mHawaii North Linear Scale(Feet) Q| Sua eo/Hvwaii o 375 750 1.500 Source: Tax Office,m20.ox/Online emap. ys Vitt i v 111"* 1114P 4 iftpt twert, Honokaope ` 7r# 44111:;#* f',* itBay S..Kaniik.u—D'r,10,16, 11111‘4111.1,62 Ir. la V/iiii ./.10111111V i fAllPP" A WaiuluaBay DO i1 / 1',) 1211. 44411114. y,o°-' Bedaoh Area C" 64 4_, iiiIirtooi.- w,„„„4,—......P.,_ s Apimp\ ii.. 11,1kk t lir ...,.. 60, - Anaehoomalu ip * Bay 4,411$ 1413elri n e 0Icsw 0a 3 x E-1ti d Date:5/24/2021 Legend Exhibit 7 Waikoloa Beach Resort State Land Use Districts State Land Use Districts M Project Area Agricultural Tax Map Key Parcels Conservation t.' Urban Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waikoloa Land Company Island of Hawaii North Linear Scale(Feet) 011111\ 0 S00 1.000 2.000 1_ 40 iaMil NII Source:State Land Use Commission, 2016.County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer.This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only n'q,. v.' ThShopatMaeunalasniilkf,4or,"0, 444Honookaope , Bay ` V 5-10a nlik•u i f y 10'4. 1011110.:00k4P' 6, 11110‘miL40 44§1000e ° 4 1110 Bay a v i e.•0000041 o18;e: i44::::: ci A, 4;14:::i.:14:::::::::::::::::::::•!:::::••::::::::••::::•••• 174 a h i iiii iD<‘:,r * fA 4 ° 1; i i iii i ii iiii lI a al a lir 2 ,,,•< s 4 z z e•4:::•••*.•301:***I:$*2* r1i 1 Anaehoomalu 017"4 y o Appa,.....' e' ac.b 1 i i v.v..•... • .• . ••••• ..•••..v..••••••4 41...1ip, ifE11 40.1.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•..... V.V.,...•.•.•.•...•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•.•. I14 7 4,.41•....................••••••••••• At,0•..•......1 1 C Date:5/24/ 2021 Legend Exhibit 8 r----1Waikoloa Use Pattern Allocation Guide Waikoloa Beach Resort LUPAG LUPAG) MI Project Area BF Conservation Tax Map Key Parcels 2//1 Extensive Agriculture Medium Density Urban Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Open Area Waikoloa Land Company North Linear Scale(feet) Resort Node ofill \ 0 500 1,000 2,000 WUrban Expansion IIk Source:County of Hawaii,2019(TMK)and Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map,County of Hawaii General Plan(2005). Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only. 2b, ala<..\ :.. j X'C'.. HonokaopeBay J/ S-Ka ni k•u Dr CV 0) Waiulua 11111111%*fp Bay 0p Q µ0poa Bea 4110 1(--- • lib i III ow N / 11l-3J gar ceO Anaehoomalu B4o Boy X 00 wea c:yve r s mOa 3' ELiA d Date:5/24/ 2021 Legend Exhibit 9 Waikoloa Beach Resort Zoning IIIII RM-3 Existing Zoning F-1 Project Area Road RM-4 Tax Map Key Parcels A-5a RM-6 CV-10 _ RM-8 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa ML-20 RS-20 Waikoloa Land Company doci of Ha•,m OPEN _ V-1.25 North Linear Scale(Feet) 0 500 1,000 2.30:1 RM-1.5 k,_ V-2a MK it I Source:County of Hawai'i,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only. 1‘'. tib,% ir Area A e.P. fe 14°, i°D'Or`, ,/ 0 die Watkoba Rd AtnehoomaluBay s i a° 83 a+ 3 I 'i' a a' Date:5/24/2021 Legend Exhibit 10 i Waikoloa Beach Resort Special Management Area Project Area Special Management Area Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waikoloa Land Company North Linear Stale(Feet) 0 750 1,500 3,000 71-7-1 fili,I Source:County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only 1' 1`t1 c...— L2 it Area Q41l Area Ci J2 Ilik, IS1 i.40,. 4/..oelo"\ ..\,..‘3,,„...,7illpp,N, Pr „„,„ t 7-6'”' iiii Area B r a`k%d e 41111111110 w. _. i., i h Dr 40 Area B Area C Total Parcel M2 Prgaat Area f+oPe rOwner.er wa8mba Wa kok» waakoba a+w,,,po Hilton tipdMW 1 Derd0PmDm1Co evabprrrnl Co Development Co am a:rwroau t R l2 M2 DesignationsTMKs 6-9-008:021(pot.): 69.008013(pack 027(pack 028(por.k 6-9-00&021(pock 025:022:029100(.3 6443""343""3(par k 031(per.) 028(pm) 033 028(porn r Approx.Gross 38.8 7.3 133.8 3.1 182 9 Area(acres) Date:5/ 21/202 Legend Exhibit 11 Project Area Land Ownership After Tax Map Key Parcels Intended Exchanges Hilton Kingsland 1 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waikoloa Development Company Waikoloa Land Company iz arui of Ha11ai i Noah Linear Scale(Feet) PRItak 0 250 500 1,000 ilk/' 1'ISK I I.AWA I Source:County of Hawairi,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. 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' az, 1 E Li) xm 0/11"4.,„:\ ami C 1:5- e i,. - i- i'"--- '''' Illi° 7-, ..---J..., ,--- ,...,,, ie . A !,' - 11 CL 3 „,-, 0 0., 0 3 0 In 00 O r `.I rtd 1 ....„o no ro i e f. CO a) s a. 9,•-• V ir., # .: 1 0O CUCI , 7 Q 7 I19 N 0 n s, torp kao Ve Or I I I Air Area C rho soSII II I L I o f. c I I a II Anaehoomalu fi I n Exhibit 17 SMA 25 to remain in effect SMA Permit Application Request#1 Remove Project Area from SMA 25 Q Project Areas to be removed from SMA 25 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waikoloa Land Company Island of Haval North linear Scale(Feet) 0 250 503 1.000 Imp 7_77 111, I'Rk I 1 11%1I I Source:County of Hawai'i,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only. mk:wpc PI IIIIIIII Area A c11/ Area,C ea I I o` oa0 I G is I r II I I IIO` Area B I' eacr c. '32'haw II a3 o Is II I s' LegendExhibit 18 V /1 SMA 25 to remain in effect SMA Permit Application Requests#2 and #3 New SMAs for Area A New SMAs requested for Area A L2 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa woo J1/J2 Waikoloa Land company North Linear Scale(Feet) The portion of Puakala Place leading from Waikoloa Beach Drive j 250 soo i.000 to the remainder of Area A is proposed to be retained in SMA 25. 0 fill ) Source:County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared foe general planning purposes only. Ho r»kaupe P1 Q-4sP2? rr r r` j 1.' II r-' Area A Area.C/ r-r I iOsate,6e. I 4,0 o'4'e// 1 6 I ku 7. II I• aca C3 7 II ffr II ivi i I I I I II ' nr eo I•s T32 II T a I Anashoomalu I d Date:5/24/2021 Legend Exhibit 19 SMA Permit Application Request#4 1+SMA 25 to remain in effect New SMA for Areas B & C New SMA requested for Areas B & C Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waikoloa Land Company Island of Hawari NorthLinear Scale(Feet) 0 250 500 1,000 1 Milt I I AWMI Source:County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. nsSaun*n INC Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general p an rang purposes only fto Legend e iniiM Project Area each v Proposed Zoning Existing Zoning Vda ko% Oa 6 I 1 RM-6 _ OPEN RS-10 RM-8 Date:5/21/2021 Exhibit 20 Proposed Changes of Zone in Project Area A Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waioloa land Con-part' h lard Vo-tn lirxar Scale:ee'; Source:County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. lasclaimer This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only N , 1_4_a __ _, ee„ we koro v7 4G c 40 1/ 1 n 4 V " '' o i 111P A / k \ vee 4 X' x Lend W a t I 1=1 Project Area Existing Zoning RM-4ProposedZoning Project District CV-10 RM-6 M OPEN Elli RM-8 Date:3/23/2021 Exhibit 21 Proposed Changes of Zone in Project Area B Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Viikoloa Land Company Island of Hawai i North linear Scale(Feet) 0 200 400 1300 71.7 1 FaK I.all\II\u Source:County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online easemap. Disclaimer:This graphic has been prepared for general ptanning purposes only. itwi w O Area LQ ot4 4J per. Ln Area 4F vl.+ * tA 1 a:14., -... '?:.,:,.. -•' 1 fio,,,,.. \ (..),,4114..al smossel 35YAreaC t07: Z.,3:- W I* f. . fig• r. 40411141111. Conce to al land areas in acres Public _ parks and landscaped Natur Building Roads and Total paths open snail Ia area*** parking**** Area A 45.9 0. 0 21.5 12.8 6.6 5 0 Area B 133.8 3. 0 68.5 17.8 14.1 30 4 Area C 3.1 0. 0 1.3 1.8 0. 0 e 0 2 Total 182.9'3. 0 91.3 32.3 20.7 35.6 Group acres 183 127 21 36 Group distribution 100%69% 11% 20% Note:Figures may differ slightly from those determined by RMTC survey due to rounding Proposed pathsrenaturalized lava.pools.water features.lake and other landscaped elements open to the sky. Largely areas conserved in natural state.but includes some limited areas disturbed by prevbus uses Conceptual building footprints plus a 5'buffer around each Exhibit 22 Proposed access roads,internal project circulation and parking:includes proposed landscaping within paved Conceptual Summary of Open Space Kumu Hou at Waikoloa via. ..U+d Co-pYr; if Yd 0•14... N M1 one..x.etnIntl v w _ •.aao NI PBR I LAWAII srov><i+TtSiNC DeA Lome,Th-.,graphe'1...been pienared Ir general planrney pnrl:.r,o1'y qj a• ...4A( it:I': 311-.( . 16 Honokoope 11.'',\ do - `'an ik.u_Dr 1.4011h 20 attyiii, c 41/1411111iii•K .,...,i 7 lefr --' . err rarr, Y- 4-t3t* ka0.- 0, y 1 r , o Area C 20 4.0,...,.., 0„, to.a ge \, 411...IN`11/ Ori ',, Alliii, •—lir rFOe mik 114 x r Moehoomolu 20 o . a-noBay3104, 20 41111111111.- 12 41 316 31 `.... 44414° Ir . _________1e` 316 316 iip- Date:5/21/2021 Legend 0 Project Area 20:Beaches,0 to 6 percent Tax Map Key Parcels slopes Exhibit 23 310:Auwaikkua extremelyNatural Resource Conservation aeaWaikoloaBeachResort Service Soil ClassificationMgcobblysiltloam,2 to 10 percent10:Lava flows,sa‘a,2 to 20 slopes percent slopes 311:Auwaiakeakua extremely12:Lava flows,pahoehoe,2 to - cobbly silt loam,10 to 20 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa 20 percent slopes percent slopes Waikoloa land Company Island of Hawa.-i 14:Lava flows complex, 2 to 20 Naar Linear Scale(Feet) percent slopes 316:Lava flows-Kiholo complex, 00. 0 SCO 1,000 2,000 2 to 20 percent slopes I'ISR HAWAII Source:Natural Resource Conservation Service,2017.County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only. 1/ 4 4ii Ny git Oro 4VIjidea 10. gPO4-341/ 41111ai ØttI 1-q\ tII* IIIcnountlyy Albil°P% ia A #01. c r 11%* a : ifAreaC r-411111K tilt , , .. .44. lhoi NN 111":" l y . Area B / Anaehoo f j, i, glip ',,.•. y 4 .. 9,v r~ 2 41.1 A 7 Date:5/21/2021 Legend Waikoloa Beach Resort Flood Zone Project Area AE: 1%annual chance flood Exhibit 24 Tax Map Key Parcels AO:1%annual chance flood,flood Flood Insurance Rate Map depths of 1-3ft(usually sheet flow on sloping terrain) M VE: 1%annual chance coastal flood Kumu Hou at Waikoloaadditionalhazardassociatedwith storm waves) Waikoloa lard Company Island of ham:' North Linear Scale(Feet)X: Minimal flood areas 0 500 1,000 2,000 / D:Unstudied areas flitIIM1MI Source:Federal Emergency Management Agency,2021.County of Hawaii,2019.ESRI Online Basemap. Disclaimer.This graphic has been prepared for general planning purposes only. MEC nem(EFJCAI Oram P:Or.Yar M49 60mrnrl Mortar4.* WC hem IRIFS) 60nm Mo.rt.a.rr•Mrt MEC seem IRemovalActionl lure witfoster(T 60mm Mo7Ft it rt iMmoonsDebra, arsh Matting(Charcoal Kiln) 155°ectileASmstArmsDebra75mmHE1Pr 1 FiFRangeRotatedDeans Sampan;Transect PO 17 C 155min-Shrp MK1 Q Area/Soda Bantry k*t'1t0 m l,-! Q MaximsR A y;.1 mm.,rojectife M63 *75mm H*eiprojo M,48?1espaseBounday 0,3E' .; rT}. 6.6 *75rr m"HE prof()M4QWaikoloaBeachResort yjjProjectAreaF _ 71mrn JIF*pSolo k o 1 75ntril HEM48 ** I A n *75ritm HE:projo e"mall Arms Debris o IYI 75mm HE ROUP%LL ca 1 1 155mm MK 1 Shrapnel Round 155 MM PROJECTILE PARTIAL t i* S 75mm Projectile HE*ES ot 4 3 Waikoloa 155mm frag -Beach ResorAt 5-: N'' a Exhibit 26 ilki\ i, Waikoloa Beach Resort Public Access r< : Kumu Hou at Waikoloa HELIPORTWe'tnioaland Company iiiand of Na.ar, 1 3 Nath linea!Scale aeel) i' D 250 500 1.000 P_ ii,•• . i PYK HU111i, LEGEND Kumu Hou Project t F4 liiL5• TheKings'Trail Boundary ,e ,;. -fir o Shoreline Trail r ,v I. I t . t ' / G 9 Qpd Existing Beach Access Walkway 2G o°..°03 Trail N q '-4" The Forerunner TrailWN1-• Proposed New Public Pathate VjiI Existing Public Road with Sidewalkie'?t XN'. I v. '. 1./1 Proposed Road with Sidewalk N 1 :`. 4 i• Proposed Gateway Parks Q 1:k Public Shoreline Access ParkinQQQQQQO . 1 A KINGS'A ii' e. + g tp1 ND Public_ Beach Park Areas 4.OQ r l ,. is ; f, t terQOQios' 7 Proposed Project Boundary WAIKOLOA a 00(:)„, r f e RESORT. iile, a' CI;4.,'• • t `°:,.: ....... Proposed ;• - ai s •COI. 1 ,,, •.`,, R afil Gateway Parka HELLOtiVILLASt0. 6 Sn j K i aw c WAIKOL-1A MAUNA LANI 1. Ad sus 0(),,.., 0_ '11jPetroglyphs' wit - 5 1 M je• r;Q ( '4.• _. I. t ttiik WAIKOLOA r MARKETPLACE •1. tr.lirt,r a 1AIAKOLOA'•' 4\ O' / r \ 1 rt', as1,, a• N COURSEJt f .41.Ot, O ,PM1kng•' AL Z.° THEBA FAIRWAY . • h. :; r iL.`•t. re . CLUB J lea K ,GS • Abrader Area • a' Y r c.a. MOPS / •O.Existing Public., x aj friri, a ;, a t Shoreline Access' e• MAUI 4 cave 1 Parking• e Preserve;4 BEACHAy 1, va' 7 ,TOME SHO, .. ' .•LF7400111wwi '''UBHCJSE, WAIKOOA KeL, IQlono " l - 9 ,,. BEACH s ' -- s fk"'1 awls* Hale lane)Mu a ' fi3OMAKUA 4 4. ice'. S a sit - At( , fes^_ Existing'Rutilic. d,j it lo Shoreline Access vis p ci • :• .. t , "`Perking WAIKOL.,; ,.Ku'uali'I g 1a Kahapapap Fishpond ••• Existing• 'LI r`oLw 'Fish'p`ond tie11 Shoreline Accesse, e i,, r HILTON y`{ •r. Pond . w Q Parking .1. WAIKOLOA+`M ;, 'reserve • t SILLAGE" 555 y-,,a WAIKOLOA Nawahine• ' , a*- P . - MAKAI 1 Rock - 'rr"„1., -I TW 7-1-03:10 Settlement R,, ; 7 .api. w / lb` Anchiahne ' •.,**Pond N'or K4'pikr, ''s f Appendix 2: Preliminary Engineering Report and Traffic Impact Report R.M. Towill Corporation and Wilson Okamoto Corporation, June 2021 EiC40a 0 O 8 cAM kWQi., o n r 8,-,e n: 1— o 203E v o wE z k, 1 d c °o o-W 0 a ; ' 1E-s x 13 ox Q 3 =' x oN cl. t 11111 N ` c o 3 ` ''."- .11p "r 3v? m 3 3S a S g y agw c - - g o (5 ! — 0Yv ;i n 4 a o yyy0 y a b RU p G .22 4 a 3 S V4 V C N 'J p a e N C7 E a g N 4 A N ` V O-A b2 M o0 4/• u °/ . 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C 0 W 0 0 CL LL 0 a a U CL ctsCal ti U a4:2CUd3 CI)4. 03 Pei+i eyEnge eeOyrayonfor Kara WaalW$.oloa June 2021 Appendix B-NAMewalerCalchone OBJECTIVE: DETERMINE SEWER FLOW DEMANDS FOR KUMU H042 ATNWKOLOA DESIGN REFERENCE 1) WesRweferSystemDamonSand800.CeyendCounty0lHan?'unu. Dpeenanl of Environmental Union.Goy andCountyof Hondulu.JWy 2017 ASSUMPTIONS: 1) LANDUSE AND AREAS FROM MR'CONCEPTUAL MASTER PLANIN PROJECT AREA'DATED NOV.13.X+20 2) SEWERSNM.BELOCATED ABOVEGROUNDNNTERTABLE 3) SEVER SYSTEM WILLBE SUCCEPTIBLE TO INFILTRATION AREA A CALCULATIONS.SEVER LOCATION TRIBUTARY EOUWALENT POPULATION WASTEWATER FLOWCOMPUTATIONS OTHER TOTAL Doss Inc• .Inc. Avg (ME) POSE) ADNel (PDYWFI Wel Wel LandUee InU Total Units CIO Capita Tot Cp Capiu Total lKr at CaPle MaxFlow NMBase Water Wearier WWMM FlowInvTotalParCe Per AverageDryPe*DrY WbeBle Nbeple Nat pile row Sanitary Factor Sanitary III.1mo.,Mawr Flow Flow IA Area N Rate N(4)941 Iain a au* 10024) Flow 01,16) Flow(ngdl 0) jm90) (acre) (9wd)SYgNiamy 7.80 25 40 400 0 100 70' 0007 2.5 0.018 0004 00,1 0.02+ 7.80 3000 0023 0044 MIL amy 11.40 294 28 739 Cr.' 736 70 0.062 2.5 0.129 0026 Ooze 0.155 11.40 3000 0.034 0189TotalI192025983908390.059 0.147 00881 0171; 0068 0234 SUMMARY: (AVERAGE DAILY FLOW. 0 059 npd _ I MLAI(FLOW• 0.147 ngd DESIGN PEAK FLOW• 0 234 m9d AREA B CALCULATIONS:SEWERLOCATION TRIBUTARY EOUMALENT POPULATION IDROTEWATER FLOW COMPUTATIONS OTHER TOTAL QNa Avg IBSF) POSE) ADWF) (PONE)) 1011 Wal Lend Use IKn 10141 Una CBP Caps TotCap Capita Total Incr at qa Bed MaFlow Pak Bene «Average Dry PeakDly NlaWe u`bed,r NWNer FawINN n acres) ( acres) Per Per Capin Fes, Santry Factor Salary 1874 104941 Weedier Flow FM7w MArea III Rate N(4)90) Fl o01unitsueoec41Flow(ng4) Flow(rngd) (^,941 f04p0+ (ase) (geed)Mtull,Famly - 8620 900 28 2520 0 2520' 70 0. 178 2.5 0441 0.088 0265 0529 68.X1 3000 0.206 0.734 Community Cantors _ 085 1 a 140 1,9 119 70 0008 25 0021 0004 0.012 0.025 0.85 3000 0.003 00128GodClubHouse0481014094464- 70 0.005 2.5 0011 0.002 0007 0014 0.48 3000 0001 0015OpeeprisCentel - 0. 73 1 0 100 73 13' 70 0005 25 0013 0003. 0.006 0015 073 3000 0.002 0016 Tot 70 903 2520 2964 2778 0 194 0488 0.292 0.563 0.211 0794 SUMMARY: AVERAGE DAILY FLOW• 0194 mod MN(FLOW• 0488 m9d DESIGN PEAK FLOW• 0 794 4)94 TOTAL AREAA AND E SUMMARY: AVERAGE DAILY FLOW= 0 253 m9d MAXFLOW= 0633 4)90 DESIGN PEW(FLOW= 1 028 mod tU4. 0CI II N S§ a§§§$o sgg § §§§ §§§§§§§§§§§§g$Q In y O 0 Oo 000000 OOG O Y)hp Ca0''O gg00 NON04g NN aGONr0OOt0NNNf00 0 OO O 0 0 0( N f0 7 VI MM , O MO NW-- AN M6QNN0 N 69 N Vl V)N Vf W M 4, V) 69 Vt M W M W V%W 41 69 V) V) V*N 0 19 V 69 69 N Y88SNhNN8O 888 80pp8 ?8p80888^^ O8p600 O80O d pN NpNN,,, , ,,60NN CD 0 69 M 69 M Vf Vi Vi Vf W 0 V/ 0 0 64)0 Vf Vi Vi Vi 0 VQQ) 66Q9 6 aa9 69 N C c9 9 M VI VI J-1JW W J WaaWWW-1J <U NoU WW W WWW WUWWWWWWW IX O ma 8 $0 0 0 $ $ o0 A - NO 8 -- 8NN N m OOONONNO d,,,W Nof15 O W NN , 8 N O O N o a o rn g N U i5 w w Em16 5 m amdU N : om X_€ o J? cOom two E -¢ U. a F Iiodo -,52 ? a vu7To13 U w a8O8 v O° v c ag030a28S8FO $ Q 203 C `n N o 0 0.2 C NCCatOmO 5 ap mpN CJU •YYC EO go20,0 823EDm %9m doy ,_ NNt rEcg 2 3wmm y tcg , 2 " g "tuQZXEOt: - ° 5 - Vt2= mogrtd7n tt2 p c D C. 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C 3 o E Q LaoEWc .0 . oa E3tmsr 0 5 XEi 3cco mac _c u `AAoa 2.e >t o.o, m 3cW c ou c•& ' vc 00 0 N u 0 .4uuu.. ug ° 37....50-...E.-3.,..91 .0u . $• uEyEoE'Nu '> P W s.o ggyc uacooou• ° 0W8AA0ccaEe•c5i0. v § E >A `28 o• > to aca .x E cGE a. $ EEY a°. 6 £.s8.g U8-8S a..58u wog. na E='OE P.Era +i R ; G N 03 T C z d 0 CU zW ci•a QaceF a ma 7/15/2020 5 h'Iru:n Pcpert HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44)10 c 9 P:r: =.t State of Hawaii,Department of Transportation, Run Dat*:15-JUL-20 Highways Division 15 Minute Volume Report Sita ID:871001907467 Town:Hawaii DIR 1: , I,:P DIR 2:-MP Final AADT:16900 Functional Clus:URBAN:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL•OTHER Count Typo:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 19 Location:segment bmp 74.7.need to changesta id DATE:23.00T-19 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00- 015 1 D1R 2 TOTAL PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00-DIR 1 DIR2 TOTAL09:00)19:001 TWODIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HRTIME 07:30 to 08:30AM PM•PEAK HR TIME 03:30to04:30 PM AM-PEAK HRVOLUME 426 720 1,146 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 804 696 1,500 AM•K FACTOR(%) 6.87 PM-K FACTOR(%) 8.99 AM-0(96) 37.17 62.83 100 PM-D(%) 53.6 46.4 100 DIRECTIONALPEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HRTIME 07:30 to 08:30 AM 07:301008:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30to 04:30PM 03:15 to 04:15 PM AM•PEAK HRVOLUME 426 720 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 804 696 AMPER100(00:00. 12:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL PM PERIOD(12:00. 24:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWODIRECTIONAL PEAK AM•PEAK HRTIME 07:30 to08:30 AM PM•PEAK HR TIME 03:30 to04:30 PM AM-PEAK HRVOLUME 426 720 1.146 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 804 696 1,500 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.87 PM-K FACTOR(%) 899 AM•0(61 I'17 6283 100 PM-D(%) 53.6 46.4 100 NON COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00 15:00) DIR I DIR 2 TOTAL 6-MIL 12-MIL24-HR PERIODS DIR1 DIR 2 TOTAL TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM6-HRPERIOD(06:00-1200) 2,468 3,424 5,892 PEAK HRTIME 0245to0345 PM AM12.HR PERIOD(0000.1200) 2,672 3,955 6,627 PEAK HRVOLUME 745 604 1,349 PM 6- HRPERIOD(1200-18:00) 3,875 3,321 7,196 DIRECTIONALPEAK PM 12•HR PERIOD(12010-24:00) 5,736 4,313 10,049 PEAK HRTIME 0245 to 03:45 PM 0245to 03AS PM 24-HR PERIOD(1200-24:001 8,408 8,268 16,676 PEAK HRVOLUME 745 604 0% 50.42 49.58 100 TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR AM 0151 2 TOTAL -AM DIRI 2 TOTAL -PM DIRT 2 TOTAL -PM DIRI 2 TOTAL 1200 0600 12:00 06:00 11 2 13 38 92 130 130 119 249 122 93 215 12:15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 20 7 27 84 133 217 115 127 242 125 116 241 12:30 06:30 12:30 06:30 hwypdc07:8080/ordsIF7p=101:8:10282372362002::NO:RP:P8_000NTNUMBER,PB_SURVEY_DAY:39804,23 1/4 7115/2020 15 Mnote Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44) I,,,:).,; *4: ,:s 12:30 06:30 1230 06:30 16 1 17 105 129 234 135 121 256 139 79 218 12:45 06.45 1245 06:45 12:45 0&45 1245 06:45 12 2 14 87 181 268 122 124 246 139 74 213 0100 0700 01:00 0700 0100 0700 0100 0700 11 0 11 86 148 234 122 120 242 114 74 188 01:15 07:15 01: 15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01: 15 07:15 3 2 5 95 154 249 139 128 267 90 67 157 01:30 0730 01:30 07:30 01:30 0730 01:30 07:30 2 6 8 113 180 293 142 135 277 79 56 135 01:45 07:45 0105 07:4S 01:45 07:45 01A5 07:45 2 2 4 101 176 277 158 143 301 83 49 132 0200 08.00 0200 0800 0200 0800 0200 08:00 2 1 3 111 166 277 146 119 265 71 43 114 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 0215 0215 02:15 08:15 3 5 8 101 198 299 164 125 289 94 40 134 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 2 5 7 106 167 273 157 151 308 81 36 117 0245 0845 02:45 08:45 0245 08:45 0245 08:45 34 7 87 150 237 177 149 326 84 36 120 0300 0900 0300 0900 03:00 0900 0300 0900 4 8 12 94 150 244 168 149 317 86 34 120 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 39 12 116 154 270 182 146 328 83 20 103 03:30 09:30 03:30 09.30 03:30 09:30 03:30 09:30 2 9 11 111 160 271 218 160 378 87 25 112 03:45 0905 0305 09:45 0395 0905 03:45 0145 4 15 19 122 120 242 164 239 403 76 41 117 0400 1000 0400 10410 hwypde07:808ppdslRp=101:8:10282372362002::NO:RP.P8_COUNT_NUMBER,P8_SURVEY_DAY:39804,23 2/4 7/15/2020 15 Minute Report HDO1 RIMS imffic Station Anal zet.(v 4) 04:00 1000 0400 1000 4 21 25 115 123 238 196 151 347 74 27 101 04:15 10:15 04:15 10:15 04:15 10315 04:15 1015 5 27 32 99 116 215 226 146 372 58 24 82 04:30 10:30 04:30 10:30 04:30 1030 04:30 1030 7 48 55 122 98 220 176 125 301 49 18 67 04:45 1045 04:45 10345 04:45 10:45 04:45 1045 9 42 51 95 131 226 173 153 326 43 13 56 05:00 11:00 05:00 11:00 0500 11:00 05:00 11:00 11 60 71 114 114 228 190 119 309 26 7 33 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 19 76 95 107 135 242 174 135 309 33 7 40 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 17 76 93 122 122 244 168 132 300 17 8 25 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 32 103 135 137 127 264 133 105 238 8 5 13 06:00 1290 0600 12:00 hwypdc07.8080/ordURp=101.8:10282372362002::NO:RP:P8_COUNT_NUMBERPBSURVEY DAY:39804,23 3/ 4 7/15/2020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44) State of Hawaii.Department ofTransportation. Run Date: 13•IUL- 20 Highways Division 15 Minute Volume Report Site ID:871001907467 Town:Hawaii DIR 1: .MP DIR2: -MP Final AADT: 16900 Functional Class:URBAN:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 19 Location:segment bmp 74.7,need tochange sta_id DATE:24-OCT-19 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00- Dull DIR 2 TOTAL PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00- DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL09:00)19:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:301008:30AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:301004:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 415 716 1,131 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 770 653 1.423 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.52 PM-K FACTOR(%) 82 AM-D(%) 36.69 63.31 100 PM-D(%)54.11 45.89 100 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 08:45 to09:45 AM 07:30 to 08:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 04:15 to 05:15 PM 03:15 to 04:15 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 457 716 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 831 679 AM PERIOD(00.00.12:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:30 to 08:30AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30 to 04:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 415 716 1,131 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 770 653 1,423 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.52 PM-K FACTOR(%) 82 AM-D(%) 36.69 63.31 100 PM-D(%)54.11 45.89 100 NON COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00• DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL 6-NR,12-NR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR2 TOTAL 15:00)TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(0600- 1200) 2,624 3,553 6,177 PEAK HR TIME 02:45 to 03:45 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD10000-12.00) 2,847 4,065 6.912 PEAK HR VOLUME 758 642 1,400 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12:00-18,00) 4,022 3,346 7,368 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-24.00) 5.966 4,480 10,446 PEAK HR TIME 02:45 to03:45 PM 02:45 to 03:45 PM 24-HR PERIOD(12:00-24:00) 8.813 8,545 17.358 PEAK HR VOLUME 758 642 D% 50.77 49.23 100 TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR AM DIR1 2 TOTAL •AM DIR1 2 TOTAL •PM DIRT 2 TOTAL •PM DIRI 2 TOTAL 12:00 0690 1200 06,00 25 7 32 SO 105 155 105 147 252 131 130 261 1215 06:15 12:15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 12 2 14 69 113 182 129 150 279 129 117 246 1230 06:30 12:30 06:30 hwypdc07:8080/ordslf?p=101'8:10282372382002:,NO:RPP8_COUNT NUMBER,P8_SURVEY_DAY:3B804,24 1/4 7/15/2020 15 Minot*Report HOOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44)t000u: 44 :s 1230 06:30 12:30 06:30 16 3 19 99 174 273 123 116 239 122 86 208 1145 06:45 12:45 0645 12:45 06:45 1245 06:45 10 2 12 90 173 263 129 126 255 116 84 200 01:00 07:00 01:00 0790 0100 07:00 0190 07:00 7 2 9 76 170 246 148 131 279 114 90 204 01: 15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01:15 07:15 6 4 10 97 164 261 116 128 244 102 73 175 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 01: 30 07:30 01:30 07:30 6 2 8 103 206 309 198 134 332 94 69 163 01:45 07:45 0145 0745 01:45 07:45 0145 07:45 I I 2 113 172 285 157 119 276 91 70 161 0100 0000 0290 0800 02:00 0800 0200 0890 6 4 10 102 170 272 160 124 284 88 48 136 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 0115 08:15 02:15 08:15 2 4 6 97 168 265 168 134 302 85 40 125 0130 08:30 0230 01330 0230 08:30 02:30 0830 3 3 6 99 158 257 140 126 266 91 37 128 0245 0845 02:45 08:45 02:45 08:45 0245 0845 3 5 8 114 137 251 193 165 358 101 43 144 0300 0900 0300 09130 0390 0900 0390 09:00 2 6 8 99 141 240 197 141 338 100 34 134 03:15 0915 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 5 9 14 107 164 271 185 184 369 77 31 108 03:30 09:30 0330 09:30 03:30 09:30 03:30 09:30 4 12 16 137 133 270 183 152 335 99 23 122 0345 09:45 0345 09:45 03:45 0945 03:45 0945 4 7 11 109 130 239 187 172 359 69 24 93 04:00 1090 0400 10.00 hwypdt07:8080Vads/17p=101 810282372362002::NO:RP.P8_000NT NUMBER.P8_SURVEY_DAY:39804,24 214 7/15/2020 15 M.note Report HOOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44) t<:<,o<,:, t;Paint OS 0400 10.00 0490 1000 8 16 24 143 131 274 160 171 331 61 41 102 04:15 10, 15 04:15 1005 04:15 10.15 04:15 1815 2 30 32 121 146 267 240 158 398 65 32 97 04:30 10:30 04.-30 10:30 0430 10:30 04:30 10:30 7 56 63 136 144 280 183 147 330 57 16 73 0445 10:45 04:45 1045 04:45 10:45 04:45 1045 12 37 49 133 144 277 194 141 335 40 11 51 05:00 11:00 05:00 11:00 05:00 11:00 05:00 11:00 11 56 67 122 149 271 214 131 345 36 11 47 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 23 58 81 148 109 257 197 126 323 27 11 38 05:30 1130 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 17 81 98 126 128 254 177 118 295 29 10 39 05:45 11:45 0545 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 1145 31 105 136 134 124 258 139 105 244 20 3 23 06:00 1100 0600 1200 hwy0d307:8080/orda/1?p=101:8:10282372382002::NO:RP.P8_COUN7_NUMBER,P9_SURVEY_DAY:39804,24 9/4 7/15/2020 15Minute Report HOOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44)109 oot =,,•,, is State of Hawaii,Department of Transportation, Run Date:15-3UL-20 Highways Division 15 Minute Volume Report Site ID:871001907168 Town:Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 12700 Functional Cos:URBAN:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type:CLASS CenterType:Tube RouteNa 19 Location: DATE 23-OCT-19 AM COMMUTERPERIOD(05:00- DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00- DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL09:00)19:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM•PEAK HR TIME 07:30 to 08:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 0300 to 0400 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 366 465 831 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 559 509 1.068 AM•K FACTOR(%) 6.72 PM-K FACTOR(%) 864 AM-D(%) 44.04 55.96 100 PM-D(%)52.34 47.66 100 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 08:45 to 09:45 AM 06:30 to07:30AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:0010 0400 PM 03:15 to 04:15 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 392 497 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 559 523 AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL PM PERIOD(12:00.24:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWODIRECTIONAL PEAK AM•PEAK HR TIME 07:301008:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 0300 to 04:00 PM AM•PEAK HR VOLUME 366 465 831 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 559 509 1.068 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.72 PM-K FACTOR(%) 8.64 AM-01%) 44.04 55.96 100 PM-0(9)52.34 47.66 100 NON COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00- DIR I DIR2 TOTAL 6- HR,12-HR 24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL 15:00)TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6- HR PERIOD(06:00.1200) 2,016 2,440 4,456 PEAK HR TIME 02:45 to 03:45 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD10000-12:00) 2,183 2,936 5.119 PEAK HR VOLUME 550 491 1,041 PM 6-HR PERIOD(12.00-1800) 2,789 2,534 5.323 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-2400) 3,995 3,251 7.246 PEAK HR TIME 02A5 to 03:45 PM 02:45 to 03:45 PM 24-HR PERIOD(12:002400) 6,178 6,187 12,365 PEAK HR VOLUME 550 491 D% 49.96 50.04 100 TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR AM DIR1 2 TOTAL -AM DIRT 2 TOTAL -PM DIR) 2 TOTAL -PM DIR1 2 TOTAL 1200 0600 1200 06:00 8 4 12 19 99 118 107 86 193 91 90 181 12: 15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 I1 3 14 48 102 150 79 94 173 79 78 157 12:30 06:30 12:30 06:30 hvypdc07.8080/ords/r7p=101:8:10282372382002::NO:RP.P8_000NT NUMBER.P8_SURVEY_DAY:38803.23 1/4 7/152020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44) 12: 30 06:30 1230 06:30 9 2 11 79 148 227 101 103 204 75 82 157 12:45 06:45 1245 06:45 12:45 06:45 12:45 06:45 10 0 10 55 119 174 94 84 178 80 48 128 01:00 07:00 01.00 07:00 01:00 0700 01:00 07:00 5 2 7 61 123 184 104 107 211 60 38 98 01: 15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01: 15 07:15 3 3 6 84 107 191 108 89 197 62 44 106 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 1 0 1 81 145 226 85 101 186 47 37 84 01:45 07:45 01:45 07:45 01:45 07:45 01:45 07:45 0 0 0 112 110 222 114 99 213 58 26 84 02:00 0800 02:00 08:00 02:00 0800 0200 0900 0 1 1 89 95 184 103 100 203 39 34 73 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 2 4 6 84 115 199 109 98 207 54 28 82 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 02:30 0930 4 5 9 90 104 194 118 124 242 55 26 81 02:45 08:45 02:45 08:45 02:45 08:45 02:45 08:45 3 4 7 84 105 189 132 122 254 44 24 68 03:00 0900 03:00 09:00 03:00 0900 0300 09:00 1 10 11 94 74 168 139 121 260 44 33 77 03:15 0915 03:15 09:15 03:15 0915 03:15 09:15 3 11 14 102 106 208 130 122 252 42 17 59 03:30 0930 03:30 09:30 03:30 0930 03:30 0930 2 11 13 112 84 196 149 126 275 57 17 74 03:45 09:45 03:45 0945 03:45 0945 03:45 0945 213 15 96 92 188 141 140 281 54 26 80 04:00 1000 04:00 10.00 hwypdc07:80801ords/rTp=101 8:10282372362002::NO:RP P8_COUNT_NUMBER,P8_SURVEY_DAY:39803.23 2/4 7/15/2020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44)to,0:11 44 Pint S 04:00 1000 0400 10:00 4 17 21 106 85 191 120 135 255 48 10 58 04:15 1015 04:15 10: 15 04:15 1015 04:15 1015 5 28 33 100 74 174 144 113 257 60 10 70 04:30 10:30 04:30 10: 30 04:30 10:30 04:30 10: 30 10 48 58 95 69 164 132 110 242 32 12 44 04:45 10:45 04:45 10:45 04:45 10:45 04:45 10:45 10 45 55 88 94 182 111 106 217 32 11 43 05:00 11.00 0500 11:00 05:00 1100 0500 11:00 17 52 69 103 81 184 139 88 227 32 10 42 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 11 62 73 88 88 176 130 111 241 26 6 32 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 23 85 108 63 101 164 120 75 195 25 7 32 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 23 86 109 83 120 203 80 80 160 10 3 13 06:00 12.00 06:00 12:00 hwypdc07.8080/ords/fTp=101:8.10282372382002::NO:RP.P13COUNT NUMBER.PB SURVEY_DAY:39803.23 3/4 7/15/2020 15 Mmute Report 01 1)..if linl 131:,,:::J1 (;411;1= :, State of Hawaii,Department of Transportation, Run Date 15-1UL•20 Highways Division 15 Minute Volume Report Site ID:871001907168 Town:Hawaii DIR 1:+MP DIR 2:-MP Ana/ AADT: 12700 Functional ChM:URBAN:PRINCIPAL ARTERIAL-OTHER Count Type CLASS Counter Type:Tube RouteNo: 19 Location: DATE:24-OCT- 19 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00• DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL PM COMMUTER PERIOD(18:00- DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL09:00)19:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWODIRECTIONAL PEAK AM.PEAK HRTIME 07:30 to 08:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:15 100415 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 366 482 848 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 546 512 1,058 AM•K FACTOR(%) 6.47 PM-K FACTOR(%) 8.07 AM-0(%) 43.16 56.84 100 PM-D(%)51.61 48.39 100 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 08:45 to 09:45 AM 06:3010 07:30 AM PM•PEAK HR TIME 04:30 to 05:30PM 03:15 to 04:15 PM AM.PEAK HR VOLUME 385 530 PM-PEAK HRVOLUME 582 512 AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) DIR 1 DIR2 TOTAL PM PERIOD(12:00.24:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM.PEAK HR TIME 07:30 to08:30 AM PM-PEAK HRTIME 03:15 t0 04:15 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 366 482 848 PM-PEAK HRVOLUME 546 512 1,058 AM-K FACTOR(%) 6.47 PM-K FACTOR(%) 8.07 AM-131%) 43.16 56.84 100 PM-D(%)51.61 48.39 100 NON COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00- DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL 6-HR 12-HR 24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL15:00)TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(0600-12:00) 2,137 2.510 4,647 PEAK HRTIME 02:45 to 03:45 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00.1290) 2,305 2,987 5,292 PEAK HR VOLUME 523 477 1,000 PM 6-HR PERIOD(1200-18:00) 2,961 2.633 5,594 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00-2400) 4,222 3,591 7,813 PEAK HR TIME 02:30 to 03:30 PM 0200 to 03:00PM 24-HR PERIOD(12:00.2400) 6,527 6,578 13,105 PEAK HR VOLUME 526 478 D% 49.81 50.19 100 TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR AM DIR1 2 TOTAL •AM DIR1 2 TOTAL -PM DIR1 2 TOTAL •PM DIR1 2 TOTAL 12.00 0600 12:00 0600 16 3 19 29 99 128 92 109 201 89 92 181 12: 15 06:15 12:15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 12:15 06:15 15 0 15 51 117 168 81 97 178 80 92 172 12: 30 06:30 12:30 06:30 nwypdc07:8080/ordsT7p=101810282372382002.:NO.RP.PB_000NT_NUMBER.P8SURVEY DAY:39803,24 1/4 7/15/2020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44)1,x10,:: Ron! RS 1230 06:30 1230 06:30 10 3 13 73 159 232 86 86 172 76 80 156 1245 06:45 12:45 0645 12.45 06:45 1245 0045 6 06 48 137 185 79 111 190 86 81 167 0100 0700 01:00 0700 0100 07:00 01-00 0700 6 511 51 116 167 114 106 220 56 74 130 01: 15 07:15 01: 15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01:15 07:15 2 02 95 118 213 94 85 179 61 61 122 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 4 1 5 94 156 250 136 122 258 43 62 105 01:45 0745 01:45 07:45 0145 07:45 01:45 0745 1 1 2 109 102 211 127 96 223 56 70 126 0200 0800 0100 0800 02:00 0800 02:00 0800 4 4 8 76 97 173 132 114 246 49 44 93 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 0115 08:15 02:15 0815 4 3 7 87 127 214 109 136 245 56 30 86 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 02:30 0830 0230 08:30 0 2 2 92 93 185 143 104 247 53 25 78 02:45 08:45 0245 0845 02:5 0845 0145 0845 1 5 6 96 88 184 102 124 226 60 29 89 0300 09.40 03410 09:00 0300 09:00 0300 0900 3 5 8 93 78 171 140 105 245 65 27 92 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 2 9 11 100 101 201 141 120 261 45 21 66 03:30 09:30 0330 09:30 0330 09:30 03:30 09:30 4 15 19 96 85 181 140 128 268 64 21 85 0345 09:45 0345 0945 0345 09-.45 0345 09:45 5 11 16 96 85 181 137 134 271 55 26 81 0400 1000 0400 10:00 hwypdc07:8060/ord&M7p.101:8:10282372382002::NO:RP:P8_COUNT NUMBER.PB SURVEY DAY.39803.24 2/4 7/1512020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44)La)oui A s 0400 1000 0400 1000 3 17 20 113 75 188 128 130 258 61 28 89 04:15 1015 04:15 15115 04:15 1015 04:15 10.15 4 32 36 117 104 221 149 104 253 47 27 74 04:30 10.30 04:30 1030 04:30 1030 04:30 1030 6 61 67 115 73 188 146 116 262 30 14 44 0445 1045 04:45 10.45 0445 1045 04:45 1045 12 40 52 109 104 213 129 110 239 34 19 53 0500 11:00 0500 11:00 0500 11:00 05:00 11:00 14 44 58 103 98 201 151 104 255 25 11 36 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11: 15 05:15 11:15 14 47 61 116 102 218 156 113 269 29 14 43 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 13 77 90 88 92 180 121 101 222 27 3 30 0545 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 19 92 111 90 104 194 128 78 206 14 7 21 0600 1200 0600 1200 I1 -pdc07:8080( 40/7p=101:8:10282372362002::NO:RP:P8_000NT NUMBER.P8_SURVEY_DAY:3980324 3/4 7/15/2020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44)L,,;,ow A PIet!! itS State of Hawaii,Department of Transportation, Run Date: 15-1UL 20 Highways Division 15 Minute Volume Report Site ID:871019100719 Town:Hawaii DIR 1:-.MP DIR 2:-MP Final AADT: 10400 Functional Claw:URBAN:MINOR ARTERIAL Count Type:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 191 Location: DATE:09-JAN-19 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05:00• DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL PIM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00- DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL09:00)19:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 0700 to0800AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30 to04:30 PM AM-PEAKHR VOLUME 638 158 796 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 310 635 945 AM-K FACTOR(%I 7.16 PM.K FACTOR(%) 8.5 AM-01%) 80.15 19.85 100 PM-D(%)32.8 67.2 100 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 0700 to 0800 AM 08:45 to 09:45 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:00to 0400 PM 03:30 to 04:30PM AM.PEAK HR VOLUME 638 215 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 336 635 AM PERIOD(00:00-12:00) DIR 1 DIR2 TOTAL PM PERIOD(12:00. 24:00) DIR 1 0152 TOTAL TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 0700 to0900AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:30 to 0430 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 638 638 796 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 310 365 945 AM-K FACTOR(%) 7.16 PM.K FACTOR(%) 8.5 AM-D(%) 80.15 1985 100 PM-D(%1 32.8 672 100 NON COMMUTER PERIOD(09:00• DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL 6-HR12-HR,24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL 15:001TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM 6-HR PERIOD(0600.12:00) 2,749 1,091 3.840 PEAKHR TIME 02:45 to 03:45 PM AM 12-HR PERIOD(00:00.12:00) 3,096 1,222 A318 PEAK HR VOLUME 345 583 928 PM 6-HR PERIOD 112:00-1800) 1.891 2,817 4.708 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD(12:00.24001 2,443 4,360 6,803 PEAK HR TIME 09:15 to 1015 AM 02:4510 03:45 PM 24-HR PERIOD(12:00-24001 5,539 5,582 11,121 PEAKHR VOLUME 417 583 D% 49.81 50,19 100 TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR AM DIR) 2 TOTAL -AM DIR1 2 TOTAL -PM DIR1 2 TOTAL •PM DIR1 2 TOTAL 12:00 0600 1200 06:00 4 19 23 86 12 98 87 62 149 51 123 174 12:15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 12:15 06:15 12: 15 06:15 2 11 13 119 19 138 90 83 173 37 111 148 1230 0630 12:30 06:30 hwypdc07:8080/ordsR7p=l0t:9(0282372362002-NO' RP:P8_000NT NUMBER,P8_SURVEY_DAY:38217.9 114 7/152020 15Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44) 12:30 06:30 12:30 06:30 1 10 11 131 27 158 70 87 157 35 118 153 12:45 06:45 12:45 06:45 12:45 06:45 12:45 06:45 2 11 13 155 31 186 70 76 146 34 86 120 01:00 07:00 01:00 0200 01:00 07.00 01:00 07:00 2 17 19 175 31 206 74 100 174 37 91 128 01: 15 07:15 01: 15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01:15 07:15 0 5 5 140 52 192 92 75 167 38 72 110 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 5 3 8 138 44 182 66 97 163 30 62 92 01:45 07:45 01:45 07:45 01:45 07:45 01:45 07:45 I 2 3 185 31 216 68 88 156 20 60 80 0200 0800 0200 08:00 02:00 0800 02:00 08:00 2 3 5 145 39 184 84 106 190 27 63 90 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 3 0 3 126 33 159 86 108 194 31 57 88 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 4 1 5 107 44 151 87 107 194 34 60 94 02:45 08:45 02:45 08:45 02:45 08:45 02:45 0845 4 I 5 123 53 176 94 122 216 24 53 77 0300 0900 03:00 09:00 03:00 0900 0300 09:00 2 3 5 91 62 153 98 157 255 21 62 83 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 9 6 15 122 47 169 81 151 232 24 71 95 03:30 09:30 03:30 0930 03:30 0930 03:30 0930 8 2 10 92 53 145 72 153 225 24 89 113 03:45 09.45 03:45 0945 03:45 09.45 03:45 0945 8 1 9 98 50 148 85 138 223 19 67 86 04:00 1000 0400 10:00 hwypdc07:80801otdnK7p=101.8.10282372362002::NORP:P8COUNT_NUMBER.P8_SURVEY_DAY:38217,9 2/ 4 7115/2020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44) 4 P. 1_S 04:00 10:00 04:00 10:00 11 2 13 105 63 168 72 167 239 17 63 80 04:15 10: 15 04:15 10:15 04:15 1015 04:15 1015 21 1 22 97 55 152 81 177 258 14 52 66 04:30 10:30 04:30 10:30 04:30 10:30 04:30 10:30 25 3 28 95 59 154 76 139 215 12 47 59 04:45 10:45 04:45 10:45 04:45 10:45 04:45 10:45 34 6 40 85 48 133 72 131 203 4 36 40 05:00 11:00 05:00 11:00 05:00 1100 05:00 11:00 30 3 33 86 61 147 69 136 205 6 43 49 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 05:15 11:15 40 9 49 73 60 133 73 122 195 5 22 27 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 05:30 11:30 62 5 67 88 60 148 64 128 192 5 19 24 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 05:45 11:45 67 7 74 87 57 144 80 107 187 3 16 19 0600 12:00 06.00 1200 nwypdc07.8080/orduA7p=101:8:10282372362002-:NO-RP-PB COUNT_NUMBER.PB SURVEY_DAY:38217.9 3/4 7/15(2020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Traffic Station Analyzer(v44) State of Hawaii,Department of Transportation, Run Date: 15-1UL-20 Highways Division 15 Minute Volume Report Site ID:871019100719 Town:Hawaii DIR 1: .MP DIR 2: •MP Final AADT: 10400 Functional Claw URBAN:MINOR ARTERIAL Count Type:CLASS Counter Type:Tube Route No: 191 Location: DATE: 10-JAN-19 AM COMMUTER PERIOD(05: 00- DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL PM COMMUTER PERIOD(15:00• DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL09:00)19:00) TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 070010 08:00 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:3010 04:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 645 174 819 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 372 647 1,019 AM-K FACTOR(%) 7.39 PM-K FACTOR(%) 9.19 AM-D(%) 78.75 21.25 100 PM-D(%)36.51 63.49 100 DIRECTIONAL PEAK DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 07:0010 08:00AM 08:30 to 09:30 AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:3010 04:30PM 03:30to 04:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 645 218 PM-PEAK HR VOLUME 372 647 AM PERIOD(00•.00.12:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL PM PERIOD(12:00-24:00) DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM-PEAK HR TIME 0700 100800AM PM-PEAK HR TIME 03:301004:30 PM AM-PEAK HR VOLUME 645 645 819 PM.PEAK HR VOLUME 372 372 1.019 AM-K FACTOR(%) 7.39 PM•K FACTOR(%) 9.19 AM-O(%( 78 75 21.25 100 PM-01%)36.51 63.49 100 NONCOMMUTER PERIOD(09:00- DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL 6•HR.12•HR.24-HR PERIODS DIR 1 DIR 2 TOTAL 15:00)TWO DIRECTIONAL PEAK AM6-HR PERIOD(0600-12:00) 2.749 1.165 3.914 PEAK HR TIME 02:451003:45 PM AM 12-HRPERIOD(000012.00) 3.113 1,302 4,415 PEAK HR VOLUME 354 520 874 PM 6-HRPERIOD 11200-18:00) 1.909 2,769 4,678 DIRECTIONAL PEAK PM 12-HR PERIOD112:00.24000 2.475 4,193 6,668 PEAK HR TIME 09:00101000AM 02:45 to03:45 PM 24-HR PERIOD 112.00.24:00) 5,588 5,495 11,083 PEAK HR VOLUME 425 520 D% 50.42 49.58 100 TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR TIME DIR AM DIR1 2 TOTAL •AM DIR1 2 TOTAL -PM DIR1 2 TOTAL -PM 0)81 2 TOTAL 12:00 0600 1200 06:00 1 10 11 80 11 91 91 72 163 41 118 159 12:15 06:15 12:15 06:15 12:15 06:15 12:15 06:15 2 16 18 111 23 134 82 68 150 39 131 170 12: 30 06:30 12:30 06:30 Irrypde07:8080IordsR'p=101.8''10282372362002::NO:RP.PBCOUNT_NUMBER.P8_SURVEY_DAY:38217,10 1)4 71152020 15 Minute Report HDOT RIMS Ti atfit Station Analyzer(v44) i..4,1 ey pii is ' 12:30 06:30 12:30 06:30 4 13 17 113 23 136 86 84 170 47 116 163 12:45 06:45 1245 06:45 12:45 06:45 1245 06:45 0 9 9 150 37 187 88 67 155 30 86 116 01:00 07:00 01:00 07:00 01:00 07:00 01:00 07:00 4 16 20 154 33 187 70 87 157 52 83 135 01:15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01:15 07:15 01:15 07:15 1 11 12 149 49 198 68 88 156 26 69 95 01:30 07:30 01:30 07:30 01:30 0730 01:30 07:30 3 25 175 52 227 78 95 173 33 60 93 01:45 07:45 01:45 07:45 01:45 0745 01:45 07:45 3 4 7 167 40 207 81 114 195 35 62 97 02:00 08:00 02:00 08:00 02:00 08:00 02:00 08:00 1 3 4 123 41 164 78 91 169 23 59 82 02:15 08:15 02:15 0815 02:15 08:15 02:15 08:15 1 8 9 134 48 182 66 103 169 26 60 86 02:30 0830 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 02:30 08:30 4 1 S 118 55 173 90 113 203 26 39 6S 0245 08:45 02:45 08:45 02:45 08:45 0245 0845 1 6 7 106 51 157 99 112 211 22 44 66 03:00 0800 03:00 0800 03:00 0900 03:00 09.00 51 6 110 51 161 82 138 220 27 45 72 03:15 0915 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 03:15 09:15 7 3 10 98 61 159 75 127 202 28 51 79 03:30 09:50 03:30 0930 03:30 0930 03:30 0930 11 4 15 96 49 145 98 143 241 22 42 64 03:45 0945 03:45 09:45 03:45 0945 03:45 09:45 12 1 13 121 51 172 94 169 263 18 47 65 04:00 10:00 04:00 10:00 I ypdc07:8080/oNalRp-101:8:10282372382002::NO:RP:P8_COUNT_NUMBER.P8_SURVEY_DAY:38217.10 2/4 7/152020 1514,nule Report HDOT RIMS T:af`, Station Analyzer:x:44 04:00 1000 04:00 1000 122 14 103 54 157 88 169 257 26 58 84 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Q e V Aw, ; .adl 30 dl.•I 0 a C C y V N A O O Lyy N d C N - A t ' ` • vQ;. w •o', A 2 E " .Q O r < N m N y 'q E „ aA dt4QtEo202-2421, 4 °, A g c = - 4. y L ctda4 'm N a, E .n sa o ,e,—; 2 T. 'a 43 G « A W i A 2 q yO N 2q : 17 .L Q A 1 LL O 2 « N„ L v N ry Y « al; t C -' It. O d N m = H A A O Q 4 .2.. Q 3 . e wo)4.1osaJ4neageologieM wor3 pawelgo)uosay g,eag eoloyieM 30 deyy.z am2li inQ 011 0 s y t ` I t_. ........••••.t te 1 Y ,• w ..r,.' 0....9•w x.•.* . O •4M4 .. Y1de s.n°..° . onM • o ooi.."b im.pv b+w,xs X3.0' t ,.................41 - »,w.r 4',we. px0M44.a4.4414N w, / 3,1., y x1 yy _1 ti 44gN•Il ryepeg444' I 043731 I 1,...e.11.-4114," OY.1" 0,v,;,1 orb vi iss4i ....7037__r:--.___ ,,„,\\ 0- es r •• •• •• •. •r w.r C N mN U Figure 4 Tax Map Key 6-9-008 showing project area parcels(obtained from hawaiicounty.gov). A 8 µ -'s 1 a,Area5 I iN t Area 4 s Area e r• Area 7 7 _ ca`+10 JW4 -,. 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Oy — C = V WOC x m j „ g A O 3 O E W .a, 7a d 6 E t d w o co yzm_ A c d6 Z82Oh2Ycl 2 od d d 0 € d p` c Ti- E Q A d 0. 22 76 t n E wdr0o ., W 3 a cWs p NO C p 1 y8myAOEO O A A 2 cO , . . p a EiYn. u x B c I m ' S Y O m a x ? 1, S o YS. n Y d 3 o v A C = E Z arn, c n i Y c 3 Q ao M m m y 3 g o d F o N N - 0 0Edqoy1 ° d d p A i q c' y a T Y uAOLtxynHcOXNy, w,no g 'E^ b `o E N ? 5 o c :- E 3 . ,~n " 3 c x 1 O 2 Nt TN21 o. E. C.O b LLu N1' i dy •-w ¢ N y = -0Cd J c. O A = R o. c 0 O Y V O .dV ° N K O T co N3 H o . % rc 0D J 3 u v= = 5 3 A c d . o N . . 0O Cm— m C o x o a,v A o H w m A 3 £ 8 aO uza. cp . pg p 10 tt d _ ...8 7, > N- ory . uOt 0 L s N t7 pY d .Af 1 O ? A u o u E " c3 ,,c, L-,, m 0. d x ic Q . 3e i 3, Q ~ A u « y ¢ caNmrQSQNN8 ` Yi nY E O a Q 5 o 1- cn V YMNaN2CQ2h NLq _ N gO 7 d 4 2 „O0a, A yO L a, yNN oNMN N N N 7 4 3 N 3 0O A17 nTO I Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 100 60 120 irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles and pebbles 106 198924 2204563 2 Excavation Rawmaterial procarement 70 30 45 Irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles and pebbles 1.07 198922 2214563 rnZ3ExcavationRawmaterialprocurement2009065irregularExcavatedbouldersandcobbles150 150 20 101 198921 2204567 0 4 Mound Material stockpile Irregular Piledcobbblesandpebbles 35 30 10 1.04 198926 221569 X 5 Eacavatlon Rawmaterial procurement 120 40 SO Irregular Excavatedboulders andcobbles 70 70 20 4.00 198940 2104573 6 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 40 40 25 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 50 50 25 1.02 198919 226570 7 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 90 50 35 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 100 50 10 1.03 198924 2204571 H 8 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 80 80 20 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 1.05 198923 2201572 C 9 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 280 50 55 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 3.05 198927 2204578 g 10 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 130 100 45 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 3.01 198920 220577 g . 11 Excavation Raw matenalprocurement 100 55 45 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 304 198922 22!1579 > 12 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 110 85 45 Irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles andpebbles 3.02 198922 2204582 13 ExcavatlOn Raw matenal procurement 85 65 40 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 303 198923 2204582 Q 14 Excavation Raw material procurement 160 75 25 Irregular Excavatedbouldersandcobbles 70 A 20 7 198958 220469 T 15 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 50 110 10 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 29 198911 220584 (43 16 BatteredOahoehOe Rawmaterial procurement 29 200 0 Irregular Batteredpaloehpe 2.01 19899 2204583 NN 17 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 60 SO 20 Irregular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 204 198906 2304584 0.1 I8 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 110 110 50 IrregularI Excavated bouldersandcobbles 210 45 20 2.02 19909 2204587 T 19 Excavation Birdxquisibon 80 80 80 Irregular) Excavated bouldersandcobbles 2703 198883 2204575 D20ExcavationRawmaterialprocurement15015010IrregularExcavatedbouldersandcobbles27.01 198888 224580 LI 21 Excavation flawmatenal procurement 120 100 20 Irregular1 Excavated bouldersandcobbles 2702 199883 2204583 C 22 Mound Material stockpile Irregulars Piledboulders and cobbles 19 65 93 2305 198894 2204591 rn 23 Battered P400ehoe Rawmatenal procurement 465 200 0 Irregular Battered pehpeh0e 2304 198893 2204589 (/1 24 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 180 60 80 Irregular] Excavated bouldersand cobbles 2602 198889 2204593 25 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 160 80 50 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 80 80 20 2301 198887 2204591 C 26 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 140 75 75 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 110 70 21 2303 198886 2204594 27 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 450 66 80 linear Excavated boulders andcobbles 29 110 20 2801 198873 2204593 ,. CPD 28 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 160 30 25 Linear Excavated boulders andcobbles 9 60 20 1303 198669 220493 U3 19 Batteredpahoehoe Rawmatenal procurement 49 20 0 Irregular Battered pahoehoe 30 198871 2201608 0 30 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 510 49 50 Irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles and pebbles 31.01 198878 2201606 O 31 Excavation Rawmatenalprocurement 300 75 35 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 120 9 l5 25.01 198896 220194 5 32 Excavation Rawmatenalprocurement 100 19 50 irregular Excavated cobbles 170 75 20 15.02 198883 220610 M 33 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 200 100 60 irregular Excavated boulders.cobbles and pebbles 230 9 20 55.03 198863 2204628 34 Excavation Rawmatenalprocurement 29 19 70 irregular Excavated boulders.cobbles and pebbles 39 19 25 55.02 198856 224629 N w35ExcavationRamatenalprocurement 100 40 30 Irregular Excavated boulders.cobbles and pebbles 55.04 198860 7204646 . la 3636 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 350 2 30 Irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles and pebbles 55.01 198864 2204641 37 Excavation Rawmatenalprocurement 150 ISO 30 Irregular Excavated cobbles 54.01 198865 2204643 38 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 130 19 20 irregular Excavatedboulders andcobbles 140 35 IS 53. 13 198882 2204636 39 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 70 70 25 Irregular Excavatedboulder andcobbles 8 198991 2204639 40 ExcavatIon Raw materialprocurement 300 ;.J.40 20 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 250 19 20 35.01 196905 2204630 41 Ecoavation gird acquisition 65 9 25 *regular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 22 199143 2204778 42 Excavation Raw matenalprocurement 170 90 10 Irregular Overturned bouldersandcobbles 53. 12 198888 2104644 _ 43 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 130 80 20 Irregular Overturned bouldersandcobbles 53.11 198890 2204649 44 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 200 19 25 Irregular Overturned bouldersandcobbles 35.02 196908 2204653 45 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 160 100 60 irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 80 80 30 36.01 198951 2204651 _ 46 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 100 60 50 linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 80 30 20 36.02 198948 1204651 47 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 240 110 S5 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 170 130 30 5301 198883 2204661 48 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 200 170 S5 Inegular Excavated boulders and cobbles 39 60 20 5302 198%3 2204656 49 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 19 40 35 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 100 60 20 53,05 198217 2204658 • 50 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 160 29 50 !regular Excavated boulders and cobbles 210 l9 30 53.06 198654 2201658 51 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 240 120 35 irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 400 130 45 34.04 198871 2204632 52 Excavation Rawmaterialprowgement 170 40 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 200 30 20 53.03 198843 2204662 53 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement ISO 130 65 Irregular Excavatedboulders,cobbles andpebbles 220 170 35 53.04 198816 2204662 SI Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 121 19 20 Irregular Excavatedboulders,cobblesandpebbles 52.01 198886 224662 55 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 69 300 30 Irregular Battered and abradedpah0ehoe 53.09 198886 1214666 56 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 110 200 40 rregular Battered and abraded pahoehoe 200 140 50 5308 198843 2204668 • 57 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 180 70 60 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 120 19 45 53.07 198879 221667 s8 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 180 180 20 regular Excavated boulders and cobbles 20 9 20 90a 199013 2201661 59 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 140 70 40 *regular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 9 60 20 9.01 199038 220469 80 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 130 90 9D *regular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 19 70 25 9.02 199039 2204661 61 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 50 50 40 rregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 50 50 20 903 199011 2204662 62 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 70 40 40 *regular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 150 19 15 58.01 198869 22.1698 63 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 1220 50 25 linear Excavatedcobbles and pebble, 2802 198877 2204593 C61 Excavation girdacquisition 19 45 15 rregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 107.08 198900 2204719 Z 65 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 230 40 60 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 200 100 20 60.9 198868 2201713 • Po 66 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 80 40 50 *regular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 150 19 15 6001 192919 2201714 N 67 Excavation Birdacquisition 100 60 80 *regular Excavated rods 999 19% 77 1201715 r 1n E8 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 150 30 20 *regular Overturned boulders and cobbles 5901 198878 2204714 ,. O69 Excavation &rdacquisition 100 100 BO *regular Excavated rocks 5905 198875 224716 5 70 Excavation Birdacgaribon 70 50 70 *regular Excavatedrocks 59.% 196874 2204717 m71 Excavation Bird acquisition 75 40 SO Irregular Excavatedoobbles 5902 198878 2204715 0 72 Excavation Bird acquisition 130 60 100 *regular Excavatedrocks 59.04 1981181 2204715 . 73 Excavation Bird acquisition 2110 30 40 irregular Excavatedrocks 59.07 191680 2204721 74 Mound Materialstockpile rregular piled bouldersandcobbles 30 30 30 8602 198913 224768 •' 75 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 130 110 100 vnegular Excavated cobblesandpebbles E9 60 30 BSO 198935 2204767 Esc:rationdimensions Spoil piledimension :Temporary GIS CoorbnapaFeatureFoo70peElectionLengthwidthDepthShep0ConstructionImasthwyMIWKRAult. sr]3Anx>ri.r..ora"3,. nll'fait,•tutia._..,- 76 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 20 20 5 Irregular ., .. 85.06 198936 2204767 ' 77 Excavation Rawmatenalprocurement 100 45 45 Irregular Excavator]slabs and cobbles 170 45 30 61.01 196967 2204755 78 Excavation Rawmaterialprocuremens 170 140 30 Irregular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 200 60 30 85.00 198939 2201773 s. 79 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 18) 35 20 linear Excavated bouldersandcobbles 170 60 15 85.07 198939 2201774 80 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 10) 140 25 Irregular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 170 60 20 85.01 198938 2204779 81 Excavation Rawmatenalprocurement 170 120 120 Irregular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 110 50 40 85.02 198938 2204780 82 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 140 100 120 Irregular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 80 80 25 85.03 198836 2204780 83 Excavation Bird acquisition 90 45 40 Irregular Excavated cobblesandpebbles 84.08 198925 2204796 84 Excavation Bird...ton 160 65 45 Irregular Excavated cobblesand pebbles 84.09 198927 2204791 - a5 Excavation Bird acquiytion 45 25 40 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 84.02 198928 2204792 86 Excavation Pawmate nalprocurement 210 70 55 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 240 50 15 8801 198931 2204792 87 Excavation Bird aquiitio. 100 40 60 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 120 30 20 83.01 198937 2201793 88 Excavation &rd acqui1O0e 100 40 50 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 75 75 20 83.02 198941 2274794 89 Excavation Birdacquisilioe 40 30 20 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 84.05 198922 2204799 90 Excavation Birdacqursmon 25 10 10 Irregular Excavatedcobbles andpebbles 84.03 198921 2201800 91 Excavation Bird acquisition 25 20 30 Irregular Excavatedcobbles andpebbles 84. 06 198924 2204799 92 Excavation Birdat957171ron 40 20 15 Irregular Excavatedcobbles andpebbles 84.04 198924 2201800 93 Excavation Bird acquisition 60 35 20 Irregular Excavatedcobbles andpebblec 8407 198927 2204797 94 Excavation Raw material procurement 20D 100 25 Irregular Overturned bouldersandcobbles 3405 198894 2201620 95 Excavation Raw material procurement 200 40 50 linear Excavated cobbles andpebbles 100 30 25 82.05 198932 2231799 96 Excavation Raw materialprgcurement 70 15 15 linear Excavated cobbles andpebbles 82.03 198937 2204198 97 Excavation Birdacquisition 65 25 20 Irregular Excavated cobbles andpebbles 85 IS 10 82.04 198935 2201800 98 Excavation BirdaWuisitkan 200 50 40 Irregular Excavated cobbles andpebbles 150 40 30 83. 03 198937 2204798 99 Escavation Rawmaterial procurement X70 50 SO Linear Reb000tedcobbles andpebbles 200 40 20 82. 02 198938 2234800la 100 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 160 100 40 linear Excavated boulders andcobbles 230 170 30 8201 198911 2204802 2 101 Exavatlon girdacquisitlon L30 20 50 Irregular Excavated cobblesand pebbles 130 40 20 8304 198905 22047960. 102 Excavation Birdacquisition 40 10 20 Irregular Excavated Slabs andcobbles 30 10 20 83.05 198951 2204796 01 103 Mound Materialstockpile Irregular Piled cobbles 25 10 10 62.02 19E944 2204774 O104 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 265 220 57 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 165 120 50 62.01 198954 2204772 .. 0 105 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 150 150 30 Irregular Overturned slabsand boulders 64.01 198965 2201781 5 106 Mound Mater.stockpile Mregular Paled boulders andcobbles 130 60 35 63.01 198968 220/70 m 107 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 100 50 30 Mregular Excavatedcobblesand pebbles 150 100 IS 65.02 198985 224775co108ExcavationRawmanna'procurement 60 30 20 Irregular Excavatedcobblesand pebbles 100 30 IS 65.01 198986 2204773 :, 109 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 1(0 40 40 irregular Excavated boulders,cobblesand pebbles 110 75 35 66.01 199003 2201770 NJ 110 Mound Material stockpile Irregular Piledslabs 130 100 10 68.01 199024 2204775 111 Mound Material stockpile Irregular Piled slabs and cobbles 160 100 10 6802 199022 2204778 112 Excavation Raw matenal procurement 120 30 20 Irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 140 65 20 68.03 199025 2200780 113 Excavation Raw materialpraurement 100 80 50 Oregular Excavatedboulders andeobbks 51.02 195047 2204783 114 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 440 80 65 linear Exavatedboulders andcobbles 380 100 30 51.01 195047 2204784 I10 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 350 100 80 linear Excavated boulders andcobbles 51.03 199046 2204782 -' 116 Excavation Revmatenal...amen 100 SO 50 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 200 10) 15 51.05 199050 2201781 is 117 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 185 100 25 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 120 100 IS 5106 19904S 2204779 . 118 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 75 30 45 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 51.04 199051 2208781 , 119 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 20) 60 50 linear Excavated bouldersand cobbles 150 60 20 01.07 199043 2204779 120 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 150 100 30 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 840 80 20 51.0€ 199045 2204776 121 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 80 BO 30 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 100 60 IS 5109 199014 2201774 122 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 180 120 90 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 400 80 20 51. 10 199043 221769 - 123 Excavation Raw material procurement 110 75 5 Irregular Filleddoddersand cobbles 4002 199073 2208757 124 Eacavahon Paw material procurement 985 50 70 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 41 199081 2204756 125 Wood Mienal stockpile Irregular Piledbouldersandcobbles 115 60 50 4003 199075 2204755 126 Excavation Raw material procurement 180 50 SO linear Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 140 50 15 4001 199078 2204755 127 Excavation Blydacquisition 60 25 25 Irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 3902 199077 2204752 128 Excavation Birdxquisilion 100 50 25 Irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 3903 199075 2204751 129 00avatwn Rawmatedal Procurement 70 S0 30 Irregular Excavatedboulders andabbles 70 20 l5 39.01 199072 2200750 130 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 10) 65 40 Irregular Excavatedboulders andcobbles 50 50 20 38 199079 2204748 131 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 70 50 50 Irregular Excavatedboulders andcobbles 70 50 20 42.01 199095 2204763 132 Excavation giro acquisition 70 S0 30 Irregular Excavatedbouldersandcobbles 4202 199095 2204758 133 Battered Pahoehoe Rawmatenal oraurement 250 440 0 Irregular Batteredpahoehoe 23 199123 2204767 134 Battered PaMehoe Raw material procurement 480 200 0 Irregular Batteredpahoehoe 15 199146 2204764 135 Excavation Raw matenal procurement 810 180 120 linear Excavated bouldersand cobbles 300 130 45 1301 199137 2204747 1 136 Excavation Raw matenalpraurement 250 150 20 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 13.04 199136 2204751 C 137 Exavanon Raw matenal procurement 125 250 30 linear Excavated bouldersand cobbles 13.02 199136 22047457178EenavationRawmatesalprocurement85 30 20 linear Excavated bouldersand cobbles 13.03 199137 221741D139Exc.ation Raw material procurement 100 100 35 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles A 50 20 14 199151 2704740 n 140 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 103 85 40 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 80 30 25 16 199168 2204760 O141 Excavation Paw materialprocurement 200 30 20 linear Excavatedbouldersandcobbles 17 199160 2204768 142 Mound Materialstockpile Irregular Piled bouldersandcobbles50 30 25 12002 198911 22009695143ExavalionRawmatenal procurement 110 80 40 'insular Excavatedboulders andcobbles 80 CO 20 19.02 199192 2204783 M 144 Excavation Rawmaterial proarement 100 80 50 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 80 130 20 1901 199194 220785N 145 Exavalion Rawmaterial procurement 70 70 20 Irregular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 80 50 20 2002 199146 2204787 r, 146 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 180 85 60 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 250 60 20 2001 199150 2204788 '::N00 147 Battered Palroehoe Raw material procurement 250 290 0 Irregular Battered pahoehoe 43. 03 199113 2204777 '' 748 Excavation Birdacquisition 70 70 20 Irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 4301 199118 2204780 149 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 110 50 30 Irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 60 SO 20 4302 199118 2201784 ISO Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 100 20 40 Linear Excavatedbouldersand cobbles SO 40 20 45 197110 2201815 151 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 80 80 30 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles SO 50 15 44.01 199158 2201837 152 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 60 1S 20 linear Excavated bouldersandcobbles 44.02 199159 2201839 153 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 200 150 40 Irregular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 4601 199095 2204824 154 Mound Materialstockpile Irregulx Piledscoriacobbles 00 30 10 46. 02 199089 2201825 155 Mound Materialstockpile Irregular Piled scoriaslabs.cobblesandpebbles 160 100 40 4801 199073 2201791 156 Eacarallon Rawmaterialprocurement 100 50 25 Irregular Excavated cobbles andpebbles 130 75 20 4803 199068 2204787 157 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 90 30 15 Irregular ExcavatedCobbles 160 30 15 4802 199067 2204785 158 Excavation Raw material procurement 110 80 60 Irregular Excavatedboulder and cobbles 60 60 40 118.01 198914 2204982 159 Excavation Raw material procurement 115 50 25 Irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 60 60 20 11601 198927 2204991 '- 160 Mound Material stockpile Irregular Scattered scoria cobbles 60 60 10 11401 198924 2204%3 161 Excavation Raw material procurement 100 25 40 Irregular Excavated cobbles 140 40 20 4801 199066 2204791 162 Excavation Raw material procurement 100 100 95 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 300 80 30 11300 190990 2201992 163 Excavation Rawmatenal procurement 70 40 30 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 120.03 189913 220/7972 164 Excavation 8lydatquisitlon 100 45 35 Irregular Excavated0OWdenand cobbles 150 40 30 125.01 198878 2201953 165 Excavation Raw material procurement 50 40 40 Irregular Excavated boulders.cobbles and pebbles 120 120 10 12001 198901 2204976 166 Excavation BirdacquisitiOn I50 120 40 Irregular Excavatedboulders,cobblesandpebbles 140 40 20 121.01 198907 2204%1 167 Excavation Raw material procurement 200 40 30 Irregular Excavated booklets.cobbles andpebbles 150 100 20 122.01 198907 2204988 • 168 Excavation Raw material procurement 200 100 60 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 100 80 30 86.01 196913 2204769 169 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 300 100 20 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 75 70 20 111.00 198952 1101937 170 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 160 60 10 Irregular, Overturnedboulders and cobbles 50 SO 10 53. 10 198890 2201655 171 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 200 60 50 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 120 120 30 9103 198938 1204861 172 Excavation Bindacquisition 40 20 20 Irregular Excavated cobblesandpebbles 100 70 10 107.10 198901 2201912 173 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 120 60 40 I0egular Excavated boulders andcobbles 140 70 20 94.01 198941 2204861 174 Excavation Raw materialprocurement 103 40 50 Irregular Excavated boulders 130 30 10 7201 199059 2201833 Z 175 Mound Material stockpile Irregular Piled bouldersand cobbles 60 40 20 7601 198936 2204814 0> 176 Excavation Raw material procurement 100 100 50 Irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 7606 198991 2201816 N 177 Excavation Birdacquisition 100 60 40 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 7601 198981 2204815 , 1) 178 Excavation Raw material procurement 100 60 40 Irregular Excavatedboulders and cobbles 80 8D 10 76.03 198980 2204809 ,. 179 Excavation Bird acquisition 60 30 30 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 76.02 198981 2204811 Jr 180 Excavation Bird acquisition 30 20 40 Irregular Excavated boulders,cobblesand pebbles 30 IS 10 79.02 198961 2204812 •-• m181 Excavation Bald acquisition 60 30 30 irregular Excavatedboulders,cobbles andpebbles 100 30 10 7903 198960 221811 1P 182 Excavation Birdxpnsitbn 200 30 40 Irregular Excavatedcobblesand pebbles 150 100 15 79.01 198960 2201816 , 183 Excavation god acquisition 100 25 30 irregular Excavatedboulders.cobblesandpebbles 200 40 I5 8001 198951 2201815 NC2184 Battered Pahonhoe Rawmaterial prauremenl 90 45 0 Irregular Battered pahoehoe 77.03 198943) 2204834 185 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 85 60 20 Irregular Excavated bouldersandcobbles 60 30 IS 77.02 198981 220x836 186 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 110 75 30 irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 100 SO 20 77.01 198982 2204837 187 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 130 100 20 Irregular) Excavated bouldersand cobbles 100 30 15 77.04 198985 2204840 188 Battered Pahoehoe Rawmaterial procurement 100 60 0 irregular Batteredpah0ehce 77.05 198981 2204842 189 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 355 165 65 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 9/02 198950 1104836 190 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 110 70 50 irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 92.01 198949 2204836 191 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 120 93 SO Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 91. 02 198925 2204821 192 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 120 80 45 100401ar Excavated boulders andcobbles 91.01 198923 1214818 193 Excavati00 Birdacquisition 30 30 30 Irregular Eacwatedboo4den andcobbles 90.03 198905 2204821 194 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 150 70 50 Irregular Excavated boulders andcobbles 720 g0 15 50.02 198900 2204820 195 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 170 170 40 irregular Excavatedboulders andcobbles 170 100 25 90.01 198897 2204817 196 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 121 60 40 Irregular Excavatedcobbles andpebbles 80 70 20 8903 198875 2204798 " 197 Exwation Rawmaterial procurement 130 110 55 Irregular Excavatedboulden4andcobbles 350 40 30 89.02 198877 2204801 198 Excavation Raw material procurement 170 110 70 Irregulx Exwatedbouldersandcobbles 220 70 35 8901 198877 2204807 199 Excavation Raw material procurement 400 300 20 irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 104 198905 2204864 200 Mound Material stockpile Irregular Piledslabs,bouldersand cobbles 140 120 45 10301 198921 2204872 201 Excavation Raw material procurement 130 100 20 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 133 60 40 9901 198918 2201892 202 Excavation Bird 409ulsll000 130 80 25 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 37.01 198978 2201893 203 Excavation Raw material procurement 140 140 30 Irregular Excavatedbouldersand cobbles 96.03 198993 2204906 104 Mound Matenalstockpile Irregular Piledslabs.bouldersandcobbles 120 70 30 102.01 198921 2204881 212 Excavation Bird acquisition 95 25 30 Irregular Excavatedcobbles and pebbles 60 30 IS 107.11 198903 2204910 206 Excavation Oird acquisition 103 70 65 Irregular Excavatedcobblesand pebbles 107.01 198% 0 2201914 207 Excavation Bird acquisition 60 30 30 Irregular Excavatedcobblesand pebbles 140 30 1S 107.03 198897 2201915 218 Exwation Bird acquisition 100 35 20 Irregular Excavatedcobblesand pebbles 107.04 198793 2201915 209 Exwation Bird acquisition 160 50 40 Irregular Excavatedcobblesand pebbles 65 50 20 107.02 196902 2104919 210 Exwat10n Birdxquisiuon SO 20 20 Irregular Excavatedcobblesand pebbles TS 30 10 107.12 198900 2204914 C211 Excavation Bird xquisilion 85 35 30 Irregular Exwatedcobbles and pebbles 130 90 10 107.09 198903 2101915 Z 212 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 100 80 40 Irregular Excavated bouldersand cobbles 170 50 30 94. 02 198942 2204863 213 Eacartion Birdacquisition 70 30 35 Irregular Excavated cobblesandpebbles 110 100 20 107.05 198897 3204918 N 214 Excavation girdxgwution 70 50 25 Irregular Excavated cobblesandpebbles 10706 198897 2201919 0.1 215 Excavation Bird acquisition 50 20 IS Irregular Excavated cobblesandpebbles 70 40 15 107.07 198899 224921 ... 116 Excavation Bird acquisition 60 60 60 Irregular Excavated cobblesandpebbles 84.10 198928 2101799 D 217 Exwation gird acquisition 120 75 20 Irregular Excavated cobblesandpebbles 100 60 10 124.03 198883 224934 m218 Exwalbn Bird acquisition 65 30 25 Irregular Excavated cobbles andpebbles 110 40 15 12402 198882 2201938 N 219 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 203 70 110 irregular Excavatedboulders,cobbles and pebbles 200 45 3S 124.01 198885 2204939 220 Exwation Rawmaterialprocurement 100 40 25 irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles and pebbles 30 30 20 12601 198839 2204954 INO 221 Excavation Rawmatenalprocurement 200 80 60 Irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles andpebbles 200 60 20 12701 198842 2201967 ••• 222 Excavation Rawmaterial procurement 150 450 50 irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles and pebbles 150 150 30 127.02 198851 2204971 223 Excavation Rawmaterialprocurement 120 100 40 irregular Excavated boulders,cobbles andpebbles 210 90 20 12703 198851 2201974 ENIE ENENEEEN1 B dacq tibon NENENEMEM Excavated b00ide d biles __-® 1=1=31 E2=1EENNEN®EM Fxuvate0mbdm and pebbles mm®®i WM=E:1ENERMEM Excavatedmodes and cebbks mNMENECMCM EIM2M1mES MEE ExcavatedboWden and nibbles mEl©i ESE 1=111=1 SCZ Erm0 mrn w Appendix 5: Native Hawaiian Traditional and Customary Practices Assessment TCP Hawai`i, LLC, June 2021 ga. u oE g o•.. .E 0 Iy 4 3 A = r N a i I a 8 3 NZo `s t D 8 §.=: Q 3a00 £ a:6• .eo "0. £ 5 v uo. 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F. 3 VOF 00.E u lav 2.alllllll.,r1 01'IIe,1,1c01mcd 1).11000 and 11-nr,120211:311 rowel type line I I:M II...& SHIM ws No of R i! \nwlern 1116. 94e Arp 1714 Fr4W No of g le rnordrn 0 ^ a Y 4 4 1 1 0 L ' Sa ill Te910600y 919.31..33. 5010.10-268691 Complex blru4em,Rexnurcc 10 8 1 I 8 I 1 198885220460 1.: Dodmeol19811 pewvemmt,T001 mmufaeNe 159910,.11, (318119111. lwom10. 1011.26811 1 Complex Trempw , 6 5 1 5 1 199108 230469/ Roem6)M Mmin 1"'61 19121.Dmhe10 9981) 101010.26872 1 Complex Rweviceplaceremem 30 30 30 19890602011571999.87.8$ Dom6*711981) Tempwery omodall501010.26873 I Complex be'''.Rmowulee 16 7 4 I I I 1 1 7 4 a 1 189914 2204409 159981 19pmomscTool721.0 119811 T1minwulomTmpur4) 199993..Y5.50101026874 1 Complex blbrume .Resource 51 16 le 1 16 54 3 194959 2201885 101 DonBun119811 8997 esTod818411attve 501010-268751 bb0 Rnauce pc887II8.mi 1 1 I 198954 2204772 1599.6201 0488e60983) Tempo/myhlb+aioa, 159969,]4. 18119711. 501011268161 Complex Rwro1 n. e 16 13 1 1 1 I3 2 1 199021 220186)15 R0e8de11 plooaemen1. 19731. 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AR .N 1 ,.:;II\ o Figure 1 W C ` e 0 T4eN ` 58.026 =6y c8o "g' g 7A. °moc °.8 6 Ecof a cad a? N= Eega o . a 8 , 2 ' . 4•E2NJev ma cc ic ED£ ywpt o ts o Y y No$ ' > dY • ofm 8irN22wCc".ca vi B56 - ynEco ° P.e ,Eg,8 0 7N o6 s sat` m 2 0 . —„, v c U N c c lalcy38i2 e 'c eovd p 244. HyocDE- 06 - oam W Jc p w uwaspo m codaQWNo,3NOos:... c.t .aca O y N• . W a= E e a C N f > 1 C .,“ 0 § . ,7, 0 Y ' Cp O g E R a- N >« C 43 'E_ 6 t _<y y BO H J 6--,, - ,3--, -,gOL t0 m a W W .7 E 3 m N m 6 N 0 ")- 2 ,-5 .,14mN - J L ,1 m e n - 2 c mrn a o--'1Xc T pJ c Z :513 -SE- Y o a6C-g p C .O 5 8 O C £ W N ° W C N 3 _ W - 5 6 .2 ,2z :0> S 8.N 2 O m t t « N s Q e C 8 '6 1-2 T-a W bo .'grow dg! oWty tga r'- th ° N ° Ss„ E t0da6aEa 0 o .5 Q c n m -P Q 3- m 22 .4 ..2 = O c „ W = 8 0.v°. V - LLE ° N o C 2 T C ._ Y e.Ep C ° N y O W N V yca, cE 'cy 6 E a .N ,ce s gccN oaoocdMH ° °y E a 11.- 1211 '1315 a s e n " ,ndiU ° 3 0 0 o -g r a F- a c N d a °c oc 3 H a p 'r3 c H C v m d > W 'c o n m ` a a s = „m),,,,%. c , N E - m E v m a c g lo g o g t-°.! ,-.. gmaQ - m- '2Go. E lx e `o - d e m s .c`e v E d o u-4 Y W E ep y a^ N Le.. pE = W ? 217, T. W • _ 0_N a 1 8 ` 1 a V C C o. - M r WO N • O J > 'k C W O e N a o ; a _ c e E ao" c p 5 6Ezmw ° . . v.6 .-.5. o mxa;'E <`ooa' W • c Q3 ,3 .016 :52 o W E o'c 5 « e 6 co N ' w 6 0 3 m. E a 8 ° c= f0 ` . m a%8 m e -5 8 a N 10 w'E c 6 • cr.e s 8 n J ala 'C a1 .2 3 5 .2.71 - 8 .,. 1N 9 = 222 : -cW.V N g a J0 N O toot.C -g --.22..2 .6zVE . s s t c E c, LU y N Ti•> c n J LW r6 .. 6 „,, m § . 7 O 0s l0 N nN C . W z ° o a° , 5 V U W E O a V C N AaOJ ^ N cCYLOmN .. W 0-d C ° a 6 J o o W y 12 _W e CO >W a d 'Z'. a7 L C C N@ e 1a -c O J a C i 1 y *O C It N W7 > O b n, N 1-- E e 1O ' 3 e c. 0-c _0 s N 3 R N W y U LL _N¢ v b v Av c a1i 3 € s g , g d c Z Y m y o m .ems.. N 8 3 .E s 8 a e a Uta_ 3 0 mu 0Figure2. Total Pumpage ofthe Walkoloa System's Seven Potable Wells from Janaury 1987 to June 202010 109988a- =r• •i 6 11 In. c' 6rmay' •s• • 1. v l•i • s • iWM". .. ivel.1 • • Ea iil l,ii.a•E r Alliig3i '_ 1 Y wl- A.t — l 3 411. II 2II 2 1/1/87 12/ 31/90 12/30/94 12/29/98 12/28/02 12/27/06 12/26/10 12/25/14 12/24/18 12/23/22 Date c-Total of the Seven Wells,12-MAV a`> u v -m rn a8av- S S c c a v o q T C N } o O a> N 6> N 3 y N g N OOGN s % C H 4. y • p C N y Q N y 5 dy.sae W oo"a $ = c 5 m 3 m 5 T6 q Q q o .c o q o E 5 c 5 d m c3nc'vnQc° S n d LL m m `e E aEi °' am o .-• °'1 E io VO! q m'E 2 c > N G^ 3 g O N reg c Uh Ei 2 N m 2 mE dLOjgcaoLLO . ppOQpOQ1 '_O 3d 2 EC %0v 1g = = C2 c N2Sg0LLq2m.5room NNa0 c ° m a PwNo cn ` .c S NKv > d4. . S1DQC5HO> Lm • < nO oEP4 cq1 tC - 5 > 6' qcOrm. 0rONNEq WLLWnm >, 6 .y t. O 0QO0 " Q m f p" q N L N P. W q7' 5d w aN35 yZcNN0Evq °0E - wNTTannyc 3Nd5cSa o. . g ee 2I- 3g 812 o y cdy " E .2 c . ' 2c oI6. ° N N Q 8 m oa92dNa0 m8w ` pc O Z r- • sE- g YCLL n H aOa 1n3 O oe N .c N SO 0isa64a § !9 $ 2 'Ro o Eay V0 . i >> yv ,gzoEfi96CI' JT— (9O 6 L M . oa0EO12FVr8016QLvCe :5 2 02 a > 2 Emd $ 26NLL» N CLZ`NoZ8.N12y0m a — .2, tc z qOdN % 8 0 -g g NL N 2 N yQ , 5 GgQ ° CS { T LP.r n TO 2, `°= ,„-.E. 0 • u5 m 2 cgEv, v, 0. 82 E g 2 ro £ ? ; odIopNgqW Y E N 5 d c 6 0 2 S v ! 341,,,---,p NO c a5 = NQ" 9 T >. >, E E pb ZV T 5O tdat o7CL a N a N O m 0WeaEEooEOL ` g yy N N N N C L LN + cLtOq ° WpmJqO E u.. u_ U U E28E , mL i'-'= 21 .216.- %V1 . -5 , t Nma> LL m a 2 .ENN § t,;(922m wc 3 q vorf m oa3 m WNv N 2 $ . ' Eo 6 •i cmngoOn8 a.g • mF' qawnoc n o 3nR.4 °U2 l'I aq c og q c , a> F, O gi gEQm Q Z U4'4132223* Ed 5Naq cEo 0ag3N003voN0,- 1"= ° 2 ° 2cy0 « m $ pAgc e nui n2C1 F >:VuOo = F Eav c03 . or 2 q aEE2aA eaocEicc mg ? a m yyhOOg 0 ._a 2 O E N a G 8,= - 55. 8g Figure 3. Total Well Pumpage in the Waimea Aquifer System from January 1987 to May 2020 2018MEI1816 -----.-MEIMilIr- 16 oto • juipitt:S 14 E i t:646'i. t*6.4 • v 8 r• aYlb •y 8 C ,I C elf•` • •ai L. a' I• • • 4 :c • • 4i• ii• 2 i 2 1/ 1/87 12/ 31/89 12/30/92 12/30/95 12/29/98 12/28/01 12/27/04 12/27/07 12/26/10 12/25/13 12/24/16 12/24/19 12/23/22 Date 0–Total Well Pumpage Moving Annual Average o_20-32 Figure 4. Quantity of WastewaterTreated at the Resort's Wastewater Treatment Plant from 1992 through 2019 0.50 1.0 0.45 0.9 0.40 — 0.8 0.35 0.7 0.5 X .0020 0.4 5Q0. 15 0.3 0.10 — 0.2 0.05 i 0.1 0.00 0. 0 1/ 1/92 12/31/94 12/30/97 12/29/00 12/29/03 12/28/06 12/27/09 12/26/12 12/26/15 12/25/18 12/24/21 Year o_20-32 i£oZ oFigure5. Quantity of Treated Wastewater Delivered to the Golf Courses for Irrigation Reuse from 1992 through 20190.50 1.00.45 0.90.40 0.80.35 0.7 a0.3020.6 m m o,0.25 0.5 a 0.20 0.4 QWWTP EHluentlDisposed into 0. 15 a Pit During 0.3 ConversiontoR-1 0.10 4 I. . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.05 0.1 MM 12/ 31/94 12/30/97 12/29/00 12/29/03 12/28/06 12/27/09 12/26/12 12/ 26M15 12/25/18 12/24/21 Year t c ni o a l m t to.. a v o A r a o m d 0 E Igy0 0, O O E 0 N O 0 V J t c. E Oroe a to O W > % E u' O N 6 c E.9 ey' c>E E at C Y ai c c dob ui'a 0 g v y w m W 5 a!,, n c co O C c 4 _ 2,1; C d .2-.;. 2,,-. 80.g.0 0 5 , ya, pOp , S y ccy O W O 0 m L' V, S O C 08 8 0 W N .e-. to i C 2 - -8 .020150-A r t0 .r- 0 O ,E a, EO N C E li a, a, 7,:g ,,,3.2 ,,,,-6 = 10 s * * * N 0 A- 'O p 2 Y 0 3 0 t.. - L p G W C O As cc 3 a co. r H a1 O w ,,a 0EcdclocEoc E 0 a°°Y a n a as o v x M E f y a m varEco2Si.d; : o v w a. P o 2 a o o d d m c N S o n p 7 E° m a, a > o- R a m o a O ro o to n tv l'61pp LL !!qq .-0n1 fT E o, S' 3 LL C O -2 a E .0 O m tl O 1 ev a, N 0 a,m E v 3 S m % E c-o o 20.c , c nr a 2 • O N of a m bEacov12bmNrmcmWoycE11prnaoEf1, W v c-0 Z 2 c•c- L g 9-1 ,,g %c W q w p v t` 0 12 a, mWdm3g4tCOQ E p m `q o h gO2' y y p . 0 Es `y y t L 'O i C " G N ..a N 1 * N C t0't E ceWN01TNoVdC `. QJ O W N C O -8 216W 'L' j G a g C O § c C •5 • 9 a, j C e d a a O. E m a 8 p$ d O E d t i o 7c1 a § c r:r- i_v a, Q E io~ g a c 13 0 0cco 3 .O la Z, r O-O S IV a a to O 2 yt c c o OD ti2mvirE { i § 222 my C c d' Y d wro c 7 E 8 C „SS 0 c c.0 0 z, L.. V m 1 t w v 0 sr 0 S .0 o m m S a.e.^ a o w-'W E .0 ° y a o 3 E E i E 5 0 U O S ix o n N m g E CO 0 p ui y y c U m m LL 1 15 1 c a m c c U t] Z crocora3 th,2 e m c t 5 a ci " •o a '-' 4 a m or ,: w w Z Z O N 0 2 2 p to O. n1 .6 .1.'<` 80;° .y c d O N N d c0 ONN35 ; c0 a Uo.c g a 0.O g a V ~ I.G. U J C .L. o l f Uc '•''a o f a v C '- E d y ,5 cv $-' y LL %i tz go(D )-Aes jig I- O O.2 ,92 c N ca N 7 % c 11 2,8 0 1-- m y ... c 0 `1 rN EL 0 , 2 O 3 a 0 1e ii0D d 0.W v, rX E W •a-= '- E y o 8 sd ut o°0 3 a%i a .E« i £ oa} v a, Figure 6. Turbidity of the Resort's WWTP Treated Efluent Before and After the Conversion to R-1 Standards60 - -60555550 —4-Treatment to R-2 Standards 5 4 Treatment to R-1 Standards 5045 - 4540 • 40M35E35 z_ m k 30 . 30 25 E 25 I- 20 - k111/11\ 20 15 -- j 15 10 :10 5 0 • I 0 1/ 1/10 1/ 1/11 1/ 1/12 12/31/ 12 12/31/13 12/ 31/14 12/ 31/ 15 12/30/16 12/30/17 12/30/18 12/30/19 12/29/20 Sample Date o_2032 Figure 7. Nitrate(as Nitrogen)of the Resort's WWTP Treated Efluent Before and After the Conversion to R-1 Standards 50 50 45 45 40 40 4—Treatment to R-2 Standards 0• Treatment to R-1 Standards 35 1 35 t72 30 30 c aem 25 25 o 2N • d 20 20se • • a •15 . • 1r• 15 e• No Test Data Available10oCi • t,- • ..-.ki I!: After February 2017 T 10 Alivt ' • P. r 5 0 0 1/ 1/10 1/ 1/11 1/ 1/12 12/ 31/12 12/31/13 12/31/14 12/31/15 12/30/16 12/30/17 12/30/18 12/30/19 Sample Date I:00-32 HU Cp QUN2`N t . V yy nt0asa3t27 $ 38 NWWVQqo LCC cNu' NJC 'C N WJW .-dd NCO d YC aN VaWC .dG O oi " O W« Ly3LcuN. c2J od ,2 , o J ` y c - N• « $ tia8 = .-g Wrna n E,cy . a d ; W J` grn^ v2W« W—,;u ^a « mc.2 ._ o Va . m " c 0Eu ! o CicfJ W c ° V10c `o0. 0Wmwd °a2 LgaN o E"- c gZ C Q1' 4. OOaNWe . G`p OI- r8. NEN W 2CyDQWNe .- "a VNd . CNN. W.D WY « f t :: L SEdLVTW ` D asag! , . V -g4.c ; of- - 2Wmp o LVm dWa WNydnndtwiI cyo, sda 12325c odi vaali« § cJdv OD.E go c2 fW oddJ N $ W « E ;' oV1 ,20o c .acanlvv toy « 0gE ` o 05uWcvvc ` Nm = «2 • mco J . _ W 2 d C « C a N W C 9atN«UOoy NLC ec2 opo< 0 .1 ow ' a ., cW o 8sp . g8ogaoLL2d3WLcN ;E - 2.2 ., ';52 /, m ow2aid5 aa•oev ; ° A 2 ' Et- W dvbd vmD2ccwt cED0EWd- E HO :E .5 .... 3 aNO N O OCN .coJ 4 . b rT.M: 70 " dv bc — d d d WcWQwy m J$ c Lp " 32 N 0QNp J T . P>« :0C = « L > i Y .0OnO iCJOCCdC a CG C CW.- 1 C y O C N= a N CCN W r WW C N N O.W . g p0OmOLO _ W O a.-L W CO L " W2 ' 10-2 a Cz «i0C 0 y W O C rWWWe2,- `E? CL4 6o02NNO O DQnNCQ ° j00W « VW VWo«« N 2-77, V)!4 .Ey i ! I umyc = - . 6Om3 N:2cW6 WE y « dN lityJoWP88opaw00. caCo ' 6r,MU; °II ; gQw 11 wy 0a 0.tu. 234 V .'« E3 «•aN " OC t; LWOpV n c §?0O35. w oyC0J do . rN W13W2Ar3nm Q CCCm • dL Vgg 2 = S4 L '' « mgo' t 13 1yNNCEC0a0 VVWCc Wao WSE $ '11 % 7'1' 21121Ny • NNQa W F: 42 "CQiW m O C cGC0 =68 C E L `C2dTC0q .1y .L C CN 88QRmU203 = J >O WV LcLC W y E , E a2WSa • Uc l u 2 aj7> N O ; 0O"aTLN fa w NC Y, Wl 'O ol co Fg C . W'LLUC . WdCpyQEy ? C € EjwtU° 2 .ct6.2W4Sad O aodpd2vF?W° 4wslJneR d ° C'`qti 42.::4,.r ' S r) 4"4"er 4 ' . iu tic ;ay r 4 , p f Locations f theVii'1,7,./ .,c-f ( o Project's Proposed ter c, w` - fib I Irrigation Wells ail 1111"11:-- ri, alt (k 11 'AM Aiiii1111111046 s pont t Q,;;;<2 14WD — tom r- •1! 552003 _ 5551-001 mu Bay t ? L,,,,• ' 5452-001 : 6\7oP 4/,s • ''=6 7 a 5452-002 t y . 0 1 -) ,--- -, ,.11._11'. i yr( 11c tel is"...r M S ' Figure 8 Proposed Locations of the II Project'sProject's Irrigation Wells 0_20ir fes: _.\.,_.\., ( Figure 9. Pumpage by the Five Waikola Beach Resort Irrigation Wells from Janaury 1987 through May 20205.0 5.0JuneDet4.5 2008 2012 4.5NoWW1?Effluent4.0 - Delivered to theGolfCourses 4.0035r3.5meiif, Is3.0 T •!• • • lipilim•I-.7 3.0 2. 5 J•Fe ., IiI. to er . 1. r •`• • :;',• 1'. Pwiricruil r•, 2.5 co 0 ir1%i r` a .I•I E 15 .R .11 2.0 1Iw,k•`•i illil• ,_ S`•l'i•• • 4. • 11ie • 0 1.5 O. 1 0 Mil III • • i • •: • 1.0 t• 0 5 0.5 0 0.0 0.0 1/1/87 12/ 31/90 12/30/94 12/29/98 12/28/ 02 12/27/06 12/26/10 12/25/14 12/24/18 12/23/22 Date 0-Combined Total tMoving Annual Average o_20-32 Figure 10. Annual Average of the GolfCourses'Total Irrigation Supply and the Portion Provided by Treated Wastewater Effluent 5.0 - _ 100 4.5 90 F c f 4.0 80 r?' a t• S S d D 3.5 70 3 c si o 0 w A 3.0 m m 60 3 E o it A o • NA 2.0 40 'o o.0.0caco 2 1.5 30 o a' 1- 7 1.0 Y0 dct C4 o 0.5 10 mu 0.0 a0 1/ 1/92 12/ 31/94 12/30/97 12/29/00 12/29/03 12/28/06 12/27/09 12/26/12 12/26/15 12/25/18 12/24/21 Date Total Irrigation Supply t%asTreated Wastewater Effluent o_20-32 N f,'N O>a° `° 0 . 2g21- coCCa{{ cJp0zWc4 LN• M 06 NV $ rn 7ly d f W r• cc NoZ.2aW N= daaC O L .gdr) m LCLCCO ' yf dHc lWzLgCEmW YWomAdQ y g~W m N T N N o a$ GaceCccCoiWW L _toJ 6dL g Hmd 8momcn' LWy0, w° oo. cz5 i °• o a0m1 " mg d WW W ° EW CL ° CC .aEpV6eE ` y Wiyo4000cC ECCyS2 zoomm10m = 1 Wy McWs• St. O 02ooC` s22 nocLtmLWv ? . yc ` £ tivc R N c N oF_ E5 odof5COmov ° oS Cc ma oL = 0d- Eg $N5 ° c$ En ° tit d Q. co WVDim3c, wvv yN . dooE ° c ` cEFC 4) c oOyLSyay Uo80ca °O Oco E W1y ) gis sIne . cQ °o . oma 22 C 4)o mc .W 32 c) 13 c 8., . 2 e uiEN.co Y6 -20r, 2 = NWo2otj 0 pery W CO0 O yocWNaos° a° n L5a NWgr a gya> JaN22 . 0 _W aD N Jico ° cT "' 2N: LAti ' E2 & WQS n E ° 3 > 0-m BocoEE.r. W mEw3 = m - E >.co v) Eo d1 E o' to N - r20r0 Y T VyTG Y pC O E g o ~ mmW gw`ty a 2cozz 'imo m ° -5 w« - WeaE4 EmE .4o. m . d 5 m ° Yo •gycrr ; o m og cgd3W dyNoJAL`L `5V OmOrN g = Ra 5Cdr yC ,k4y. g 'jr $1, J N •R c L y CW"Em e-- 50.2 ° cQctll!llb 5241 N• ad 16 = 5 o c a rr E LYa . E3acr W y0 9 oaW11-1 o-- aN W ow S • o cur c& ° « ° c J.2 oWoyWNWn «m °oaod oc ° ElilfiEmU ° ; aO0wN d Gky . c. m Q- Q JN NOa AN COO - m WN ° TWCNWOEVyN-% a NVNEL NN N oaW` OaV N CW a JETQa 3.! 3; 0 ct? dKa 2 2 3L'" C W h y g • 22 pJav >. aN ° ° S T o me e 2 ' o wJ V 2 , 1- >,t O ayE o Cn ga o $ °aaNEWaZ d E CLjOCOLG142 ' a vm = D S o' L uI5 3cNau 3f, Wm c` 5 3W am aFW a c x ° c8c .2— c cEoE S "La m E£ Hea o caLcoW o avn9scmrn2o mg (3 2 .FE 81 0 SOW o Table 1 Information on Brackish Basal Wells in the in General Vicinity of the Project Site Well Installed Ground Total Elevation Casing Pump Representative Water Distance State Year Elevation Depth at Bottom Diameter Capacity Chlorides Temperature Inland No. Name Owner!Operator Constructed (Ft.MSL) (Feet) (Ft.MSL) (Inches) (GPM) (MGIC) (`F.) (Miles) Present Use 5452-01 Nursery WestHawai MayCo 1980 40 43 -3 Dug Pit 900 890 74.1 0.56 Goa Course Photon 5452-02 51-Foot WestHawaii Utility Co. 1980 51 53 -2 72 700 720 764 0.84 Goa Course Irrigation 5452-03 Irrigation No.1 WestHawai UtilityCo 1988 51 62 -11 12 350 690 766 1.11 Goa Course IrnGabon 5551-01 Irrigation No 2 WestHawai Utility Co. 1990 92 110 -18 12 500 570 77.1 1.81 Goa Course Irrigation 5552-01 Irrigation No.3 WestHawai UBMy Co. 1988 81 91 -10 12 700 665 75.3 1.34 GoaCourse Irrigation Table 2CurrentWaterQualitySample Results of the Waikoloa Beach Resort's Five Brackish Irrigation WellsWellSampleNO3NH4DONTNPO4DOPTP Si SalinityStateNo. Name Date (PM) ( PM) (PM) ( PM) (PM) (pM) ( pM) (pM) (PPT)5452-001 Nursery 7-22-20 53.98 0.02 7.02 61.02 1.65 0.56 2.21 882 1.828-11-20 47.72 0.01 6.84 54.58 1.80 0.37 2.16 858 1.819-30-20 47.38 0.23 7.94 55.55 1.73 0.59 2.32 866 1.82Average49.89 0.09 7.27 57.05 1.73 0.51 2.23 869 1.825452-002 51-Foot 7-22-20 53.49 0.02 8.48 61.98 1.74 0.60 2.34 880 1.708-11-20 47.94 0.03 7. 59 55.56 1.88 0.40 2.29 860 1.749-30-20 47.67 0.30 6.98 54.96 1.79 0.64 2.43 866 1.73 Average 49.70 0.12 7.88 57.50 1.80 0.55 2.35 869 1.72 5452-003 Well 1 7-22-20 47.51 0.02 7.06 54.59 1.30 0.58 1.88 882 1.37 8-11-20 42.78 0.01 6.28 49.08 1.49 0.32 1.81 864 1.38 9-30-20 43.85 0.26 6.15 50.26 1.19 0.75 1.94 870 1.38 Average 44.71 0.10 6.50 51.31 1.33 0.55 1.88 872 1.38 5552-001 Well2 7-22-20 49.42 0.01 7.62 57.04 1.30 0.58 1.87 886 1.30 8-11-20 44.39 0.01 6.58 50.98 1.46 0.27 1.74 868 1.30 9-30-20 44.76 0.28 3.10 48.15 1.21 0.69 1.90 874 1.30 Average 48.19 0.10 5.77 52.06 1.32 0.51 1.84 878 1.30 5551-001 We113 7-22-20 48.48 0.07 7. 18 55.73 1.30 0.59 1.88 894 1.09 8-11-20 42.82 0.02 7. 12 49.97 1.48 0.29 1.77 878 1.09 9-30-20 43.73 0.21 2.03 45.97 1.27 0.72 1.99 881 1.08 Average 45.01 0.10 5.44 50.56 1.35 0.53 1.88 884 1.09 Notes: 1. All samples collected by Tom Nance of Tom Nance Water Resource Engineering. 2. All analyses by Marine Consulting and Analytical Resources,LLC. 3. To convert micro-molar(pM)to milligrams per liter(MGIC),multiply by the atomic weight and divide by 1000. o_20- 32 Figure 11.Ongoing Addition of Nitrogen to Groundwater Passing Beneath Waikoloa Beach Resort 100 - 100 90 90 80 80 Wauseon,Anchialine Ponds 70 70 sis z 60 -- 60 qc C 50 I 50 Z Average of the G 40 -Brackish Wells 401- Mixing Line 30 30 20 Average of the -- 20 Ocean Offshore 10 10III 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Salinity(PPT) o_20-32 Figure 12.Ongoing Addition of Phosphorus to Groundwater Passing Beneath Waikoloa Beach Resort12 1211T- 1110NearshoreAnchialinePonds109988ga77 2 c 6 6 47; a0i 5 5 90 4 4 3 .-Average of the 3 Brackish Wells 2 Average ofthe -- 2 Mixing Line Ocean Offshore 1 0 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Salinity(PPT) o_20-32 Table 3 Results of Other Current Water Quality Tests Sample NO3 NH, DON TN PO4 DOP TP Si Salinity Sample Location Date (NM) (NM) (NM) (PM) (PM) (pM) 1 pM 1 (NM) (PPT) Wastewater Treatement Plant 7-22-20 493.00 3.04 90.59 587 32.81 4.37 37.18 1141 0.65 Treated Effluent 8-11-20 821.00 0.65 18.65 840 21 29 8.09 29 38 1090 0.41 9-30-20 754.51 0.69 77.24 832 25.27 12.70 37 97 1082 0.36 Average 689.50 1.46 82.16 753 26.46 8.39 34.84 1104 0.47 Nearshore Anchialine Pond 1 7-22-20 59.48 1.48 20.55 81.51 9.41 1 44 10.85 708 10.70 8-11-20 47.37 0.83 16.28 66 48 8.80 134 10. 15 750 6 97 9-30-20 45.59 0.65 16.32 62.57 5 14 2 55 7.69 719 8.56 Average 60.81 0.99 18.38 70.19 7.78 1.78 9.58 726 8.74 Nearshore Anchialine Pond 2 7-22-20 40.24 5.41 1884 64 49 8 31 1.17 9 48 721 10.78 IV0 8-11-20 38.82 0.47 1713 5643 8.28 113 9.41 754 7.05 9-30-20 24.61 7 41 18.32 50 35 4 89 2.49 7.37 711 9.17 Average 34.56 4.43 18.10 57.09 7.18 1.60 8.75 729 9.00 Golf Course Irrigation Lake 7-22-20 85 55 1.01 1596 102 51 3.10 1.23 4.33 890 1.25 at Hole 2 8-11-20 105 44 0.49 8 17 114.10 1.94 1.20 3.14 871 1.24 9-30-20 113 94 0 83 21.82 136 59 3 32 2.24 556 884 1.22 Average 101.64 0.78 15.32 117.73 2.79 1.56 4.34 882 1.24 Golf CourseIrrigation Lake 7-22-20 49 62 2 67 25.63 77 92 1.42 1.39 2.81 876 1.45 at Hole 1 8-11-20 63 96 1.15 18.04 83.15 0.97 1.28 2.25 858 1.44 9-30-20 74.82 1.62 23.79 100.24 1.96 1.58 3.54 869 145 Average 62.80 1.81 22.49 87.10 1.45 1.42 2.87 868 1.45 Notes: 1. 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A 4. , ,,'• . - #S| 2 "' . : _ : : ft 2 , , , , . - *o§ . c,;. c,_ c)N• I 4 fo E I 1 - 46koo 4 a 4 4/ •5a o 4 k k 4 4§ ƒ2 is / 4 r ® 4ƒ$ 5 ! k k K$ 8 3 8 cx 2\ o i 1W—..- / } , . ,_ oa r) : •.22 : : ! q 8 ,: ! n ! - ® . . , " c. wills c*0401 ` Ali r.% e,. cam F,. a• 4 4 vI i-on o 4 r• c r ov ' ( ' r .. o 41 v fi I k . Itt', .. .,%., ,A • /1 w 1 I,j Nc t, ,,, 15rra. 44 l• 112 y t'r H r`. • 3 fl 4, 4 y 3 lit 117 viwrrl7 800 60 TRANSECT1TRANSECT2 50 600 TRANSECT 3 40 400 03 N QZ 20 200 10 s 0 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 4- 1.0 0.8-3 s 0.6- c,:•, 2 gyvm t•0.4- el0.2- • ,• i' 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 SALINITY (ppt)SALINITY (ppt) FIGURE 4. Plots of four dissolved nutrients measured from water samples collected at sampling stations offshore of the Kumu HouprojectsiteatWaikoloa,Hawaii in 2020 as functions of salinity.Straight line in each plot is the conservative mixing line constructed by connecting the concentrations in open ocean water with groundwaterfrom Waikoloa Irrigation wells 1,2 and 3.For samplingstationlocations,see Figure 1. r . #Sr A It. .'•# •yabk,0 It • S 0 •,le 4 'O' 4.sr . PP it f. 4'.,i •4: • 'Pk i .;': 4h. 4%...4 J4 C 4(41t. 1144 ilt: A . ,i** 4 At 't) .' ' T '4't V r. • *1 CA t 1 A VI_C1f *. I' I. ' '# •.,, i I ir, '.". :, 0 1 . •• •,* . s'•A VPs .. .4 .s., '' - . ki'• 1,' • 1 ' 4, , ,...r, , P. ' .'',. , 4r. . iAI ,,a, ,,--„,—. .•• • DVr ••• • I 0h .. , , ' -, . ,. ' i• E 40‘.1• .* .., r, 05 V NJ , V 4', ,3 0••• ••,•ko„ 0 4.. 44 ..' 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Tor o: 3 E r Y in 90 3yo 70 • 0 ,ce U o V: ca I e 13 € .W.. z22 0 c, l0 I - os :i2 75 Uo N w c o »0 vo 00 0 • 3' o • •oOUz U« DO 1c 13• MR• 7 •C o pp3 m: 'I- e o c W V!J y• wIli co z o •• oc to) ao v a 0a o co". - i. • 0.w E.' E0 is •`-) - 0g2 v v• v,+_ 0-q Tc •0 •E o° u• 0• > > Q.Q. • oo a o0 0`e > a p g Y O.'to ZZ 0:J x1- uta: xx < 3 b)VI Z RV) Om U3 UIr Jm < Z W 2 7 O O m C m N m'0 N a)LO m'O a) a)g a) 0)-4.vi a) C m y U 7 N C N N'O 3(Ni E)O O'NO m m c0 O'0 O.0 c0"' ay Q '°.6S0; N r. O m m N m °J O N m O N C D CU) c 3 .7 C C) C .0 `m a) C 0`C 4 042' J T CO E J Z C 0CDCUN `-0 T L U m > ._.,O C_ 7 T O. 7 C C V N C U g00U a) 3m 0-0 0 cf) 0 O,N_, 0 yca y c C1UOC.O W O to- O O L N 47 N"}ui m O m > o C U 7 N O L 7 co c C C C l4 O J@.. 3E0)'0 -C «. 0 yo iis_< mO CEO_c_= Ey O Q L.0 W cal.0 m >.t 0 7 2 N L.0=03as0 N .L., c 3 0 R c6•0)C is O)N 0 N 0 V C 00- N a N N O N 3. .0. 0 y V'1- N«. C)•c U N O O T O y O.O t6 01 C j °N o U 7 N y_0 x C 7 L m m LL N = Q O m -N m m 0000.", 00 ."-- C-0`-' 0 as °c0 N.0 3 0.OOEY -)a) Ev oLcv'm E > E.0 N3 0Q2cNmm7ccE ..... o J m = 3 5.C U 3= O N m 7 ID c t oC m m t.c N C 'CO m_O 7 3 a)c 20 0• O3m .N..'0 Z 7L.0 EN0 O ca 0 -0N- •. 0 ~ 7 .0y 0 a) .- C coca. .NO0CinC °yo0a) p_))- cava) m3 onamm.C"E ..-LCO0o0) mamaoCOFEmc.c Ea) c.c _ 7L0-037 omm3N a) Z'v m3cN Cu '0 Ill 7E asT.= °Tal- (nm °a $wEmm > jcUmE co c 2 om . 07mCC•ccn= E 7 j -Y ca m crE E=p° r } o'er Cs myaci ;m >~nOmL= mm ; } o c° aEj ° n' mm= c,= ° 07 mQ3asmMIlima) E_ ca) F- 7== act as D N`0 m '0c3EN7m'cp >`c co3 a) O)•e N 3 c X)3 m `) N"U N -0 m m Vmc . m m. n E=a .0 o E ro S o y m J c.m n a) c c .- N m N'-01 pp c p'Np L C LL c cid o 0 7 N m c a U U N. .-.3 7 J!n Z O o c 7 O m a) a) 2 O O C C U C C 0)Q C s F-Nona)C-F-0 m m=m E Vi O)==Z OZ t > Y O t a) a>i Nyco= c ccnmp) `L a) O rcm rn3¢ dvom2Q c N3 a• c n. 3c• y cED .0 Z `a 0N `° .CC 2c `) yEcN0La 0000 ia`a)) 0d) oo'ta) ro 0.omm>-us 'O O U m O 0 O N 7 m C O N N L 0 ac O N-p m C os . N tU6 L aci 'a) E c"- C O y in m i0_ m ?d cV a) N y°, N r C O 0)> NoCO cmicovE¢.c cu —, `°YEot mn mo,-ytocoas. 00co. CCo D• IICm7mCCmNC~ CO m y 7 c N 0 N p m V N a O m 0 c.c as.c c occa CO 3 U a c)>I- m caipOY} y Nm .— ca m «Qc Cei- 0Nm2 Qmnm-La CSS) al EoYUUC 'O N a) m C.N.. 0 O C e T.0 m -n y N m Q m _0.) .7 NN «6 O C m 7 E m m N v°) •C)•C N m CO a) a.Q N 7}y N y J 7 Y_ y 3 F- ° mUO'N O Rf'>i0 p N E N m m a1'C •0 0.0.0 m N m U 00 m O)N C Ola NmVC) N m d > y m C 0)C w y C E N C_ T lL O-0 C C- CO N O C).N.. > N N <C E 0 7 ..- .N.• 'O 2 a) U a) 7 m ` m 7 a) co • O U NCmLCEOCNC C 2 3.0..-7 C.)_ w0 L O 1=m 7 m M O a) 2a..-0 D i d '- Nmmca) ,:'O m a) m m m ) m m O I"CC.0 CO a, N O m> 03m m2 v0Edc ia ao Fo1c 3 YLLt4omT-C is g•) 9oaU0N.0 0 Y.0 N.9 3 °-U7 U U Y 'D lL N 0 Cl) a) a)m-L O)3 9_.)N'O n N m > m 1-0 > m N E m m m 0 C N N m m > O O 0 0 0 7.c O L m7ONm c ° E .: mE 7m.00E Ecvm > o. o.-cF- mc o.OEO3s I.00CC nN c a)NOC 0Omi01)a)tF-NCOca7a)a)a) NN 0 O UOcLo a)COo ° a.. m°ECDo rm m vZ13'a)1O oc7 >,00.O 0.asmno...a) cE.° a) C c0 c m E 3- O 0) 0CV TABLE III-1 TRAFFIC NOISE MEASUREMENT RESULTS Hourly Traffic Volume- Time of Day Ave.Speed MEDIUM HEAVY Measured Predicted LOCATION HRS)MPH) AUTO TRUCK TRUCK Lea(dB) Lea(dB) la. 50 FT from the center- 0700 line of Queen Kaahumanu TO 56 787 28 59 71.8 70.9 Highway (04/15/15) 0800 orQ 1 b. 100 FT from the center- 0700 D line of Queen Kaahumanu TO 56 787 28 59 63.8 65.7 N Highway (04/15/15) 0800 la. 50 FT from the center- 1530 line of Queen Kaahumanu TO 56 1,112 26 40 71.3 71. 3 Highway (04/15/15) 1630 2a. 50 FT from the center- 0830 line of Waikoloa Road TO 37 516 12 22 63.9 63.6 04/15/ 15) 0930 2b. 100 FT from the center- 0830 line of Waikoloa Road TO 37 516 12 22 58.0 58.3 04/15/ 15) 0930 TABLE III-1 (CONTINUED) TRAFFIC NOISE MEASUREMENT RESULTS Hourly Traffic Volume--- Time of Day Ave.Speed MEDIUM HEAVY Measured Predicted LOCATION HRSI (MPH) AUTO TRUCK TRUCK Lea(dB) Leo(d8) 6a. 50 FT from the center-0738 line of Queen Kaahumanu TO 56 966 30 84 72.9 72.2 Highway (04/16/15) 0838 6b. 100 FT from the center- 0738 v line of Queen Kaahumanu TO 56 966 30 84 65.9 66.7 ruco Highway (04/16/15) 0838 mE-6.) 6a. 50 FT from the center-1330 line of Queen Kaahumanu TO 40 1,105 26 60 69.4 67.9 Highway (04/ 16/15) 1430 6b. 100 FT from the center- 1330 line of Queen Kaahumanu TO 40 1,105 26 60 61.1 62.8 Highway (04/ 16/15) 1430 6a. 50 FT from the center-1530 line of Queen Kaahumanu TO 45 1,349 18 48 71.3 69.2 Highway (04/16/15) 1630 6b. 100 FT from the center- 1530 tine of Queen Kaahumanu TO 45 1,349 18 48 61.7 64.1 Highway (04/16/15) 1630 E a re, u3, m £y g $ 8 8 8 c8i, I-I-5 3 4 4 4 8 3 4 3 4 < g o cc110 CO pp QCpp CDpp t(n OfNM V D C? N 83 ; g y E a N CM8 n 0 3 M $ 8 MW m 5 g 2 4 4 2 3 4 a 4 g 4 a 15 cX 22" WO a°i 8 ‘7, 3 4 N $ 8 8 2 8 v 8 a Wow 5 2 2 < 8 2 < 4 8 4 , 8 V g O oMZN DAN °•-•M T c3 n u> N v n U rt 9 m- OZQ Y of i-002 QQEcc` C++ ! chi c ccC+ °nri c` CPDi g1 8 n C° aS T. E m 1 QQ 3 a V Q' J r n n n CO t0 n CO m a mJ U J c D mO o m u U g = - u- 2 o w o a 01 o 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 b 2Sc -' Z4 al 02 8 S S S m S 4 33 33 2 S S iiia < W 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 '5 5 5 5 a E mcccc c c c c c c c c 2QCCEEEEEE E E E E E E E z y cn g 8 $ 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Q m Q 1- a Su gM 8 8 g g 8ypp N M O 8 M M 0 - N C')M CO t0 a v3 HF—5 v v S 4 v 4 4 4 4 a 4 c O cc O N v d 8 I 8 8 g 8 Pd 8 1 8 Q 5 g 3 a 3 v o v a 3 v y, Cp pp e E J 0 u2i 8 8 v Ai N n CND, 8 a 8 8 v cm5gg4 2 < 1 W I g 4 4 J V4 W O O8 8 8 2 8 p 4 i NrMa 22 000 iNZN 0 Q? f- M Of n N8 8 8 O n88 $ E c J j >- 5882828822828 dig CO 0 Z m H 0 O z a C; ` r `IQ o` p" i_ `8 `g `s s Qat g asCs m >m ; d o Q cz g t0 n CO CD n CG n z J i Q U D5- 030m0 O m V o w - W raU a a a = v 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 8 8 8 8 3 .;° 2 '113OZm' 3ZWN `'i a'i `' ro ffi' S' m S S S `S 3 aOUjs55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 k § 12 N W ro c c c c c c c c c c c c E ' oQCCE pEppEofppE Ep E pE E E EE g g E .mcOM8MM M M 8 M N o M M i 2 CO a M M a X Q C gipNm nfi M 8 CD N N M M gi M( p 4' N O g M •- N a!M V 6 f0 I m m a ud Z 500 0 1000 2000 440GNSCALEMIFEET0, 0rS.Kaniku Dr. k 4aarJ t' Z. 0,>c 0) 1l^ ! N. y, rc '1.;....t. • o NowakaRa moo 1 f V 4.f rrzwri LOC 6b ea aItH. 1 :,--- P LOC 60 Slit APRIL 2015 TRAFFIC FIGURE NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS III-1 cn(n rn ij i4 a f092 n M C cu0• M Ig v g 4 4 4 a a V v 4 JU S Iiif cD $ii N N O 4NSO wm g v a 4 `S 4 V 4 v` 4 V JW O v 5 io `8• 8 8 rn b g $ n 3 O JON g in a ` 42 v v Z Y p p y ( QpQNONW $ cp A A 63 P N o4p CO JZ g 3-cc1n $ v 4 a v G <m mQ c-Nrnv:c m1-(50cc E 71 8, n 4 g g F8 n q m m n. c 0'Lopo 0 -0 Y J i2 2 Z Z 0 tb 12 LLO o UU U U O UU m ,t OZ mO pm . 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 E c c c c cc c c c c E QCC E E E E E .E E E E E 03 DCO a C) g 8 8 8 g g g i Q c C V N N p a o 4 5• o aiN8a a — fV CV N cn O I W Z ti -y, • • ^''mord LOI11 r'caui .; f..-.st• Area A j-—. 7. L' •. 1 J2 IlArea CI • :: , ‘',',IC't, ` r .E yA.> ^3•, b V - Col"''® ! 3, .11 Wll a r y' N12 - j Ch: 7 S 11,L......-'-‘1„.0,--- Area B Ce 71 .. f 1 n ' e31 '0° RiFFI 400 °0° JANUARY AND FEBRUARY 2014 BACKGROUND FIGURE NOISE MEASUREMENT LOCATIONS III-2 FIGURE III-3 HOURLY VARIATIONS OF TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS AT 100 FT SETBACK DISTANCE STA.B71001907168;QUEEN KAAHUMANU HWY.NORTH OF WAIKOLOA RD.; 10/23/ 19 70- CO C. a) com a A 01Rf 45 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i I I 1 I II 0300 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 Time of Day(Hours) 100 FT from Roadway Centerline(67.3 DNL) FIGURE III-4 HOURLY VARIATIONS OF TRAFFIC NOISE LEVELS AT 50 FT SETBACK DISTANCE WAIKOLOA BEACH RESORT SOUTH ROAD; JANUARY 2019 65 CO a ma1cO w soo 7 45 rnro O 40 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I 0300 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 Time of Day(Hours) i—50 FT from Roadway Centerline(60.0 DNL) NNOO.C Cto? Na)O CncaCCa)1:5 Oytri5U• NUEC8 2OCCmmC da S2 c• U H nNE C y7OCoU N NYrNO0 in mym TABLE IV-1 BASE YEAR (CY 2019) TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND NOISE LEVELS ALONG ROADWAYS IN PROJECT VICINITY AM PEAK HOUR) SPEED TOTAL VOLUMES(VPH) LOCATION fMPHI YEH AUTOS M TRUCK1. H TRUCKS ;LQ,_LI,Q ].00 LSSI 200 L9.9 0.Kaahurnanu Hwy.N.of Mauna Lani Dr.. 56 813 732 26 55 70.7 65.3 59.6 O.Kanhumanu Hwy.Between Mauna Lani & North Entrance. 56 980 882 31 67 71. 5 66.2 60.5 O.Kaahumanu Hwy.Between South&North Entrance 56 1.125 1,006 31 88 72.2 86.9 61.3 11) O.Kaahumanu Hwy.S.of South Entrance 56 1,044 934 29 81 71 9 66.6 61 0 0 O Walkotoa Rd. E.of O.Kaahumanu Hwy. 37 894 838 20 36 65.6 60.5 55 2 Mauna Lane Dr,W.of 0.Kaahumanu Hwy. 35 519 493 13 13 62.1 57.0 51.6 North Entrance Rd.W.of 0.Kanhumanu Hwy 35 229 217 6 6 58.6 53.5 48.1 N South Entrance Rd.W.of O.Kaahumanu Hwy 35 292 278 7 7 59.6 54.4 490 Notes; t. 'Loose Sae propagationloss characteristic assumed. 2. Free field conditions without obstructions assumed. N U'E O O!n' N _-U.C O rq(D U C~m O c- O C•0 2 , O)f0a'00 ¢ 2 c' E 0C - ,00-1 o.0ad.0 o .- al N ca ,,......0 = 0-0 . E01moo r av)ZOx cSymc >> CEcO0oa) oOa)o0 01.00 c mat 's 13 0 o a) o)•oo 0 dam. rn 'TS<I' o o oNmL 'c c.c a) c Y a)et L.7 co Cd' n)o=6 CD ,C 1--,`0n c.0 co >,m2 c0. c N m 6 d0 0 ro coa) o .-= d . o•>. am0 •D- F `OYm03r 3 m8 i.2= o'0Y0 O ad O¢ m ao g > 0 r_,y etc o- cr 3 c vrn con 0- 9 ,na 0o«0>,o0 a `m a) a) > cti aNi N¢ N fOQ ow3o0c «f0• c2 o `noJ 3 a)ra) a) a>> ja`)I.- O as > O' y at C O.O p'O O a) N J 7 L J= O _ CZ N C 2 ¢ c L o o o L to a0i m d 0 c 0 °) ami Z L co z O c N N d.a) 2 28.o)i1 i2Ev30¢ yani > j tL- Ya)0Eccci3m m o ,- ( 0c , vco=Z a co 0 U/ N ` J c a) Y 0 7_ O L Qt c a E m O CD.5. ,) 00aa)) N'o, o1`'-_ "riocc0L'mom?,Ec.00 0.8? o cLE- oocE E oa0)- 32> O00 (ac 0a`r and O d E ] QUO nWN ° O a 7 N c O c a) .0 Z70600O me' O T C 00M>« 0 O M Y tC r6 w O E > W O.~L.O _ T o. as > m- N a) a) O C D a) O` N L...'[0 a) N- Y c y c0. a) >C N NU) di N2,--07S-SE >r = NF- m 0 E ca t o i. c y a) ae.u' a) 7 rn ypm0) vv - o m c 3cE._ ZCJ03ma) m 0F000 a) Poo Z as J 7 C O l0 Vi•:CV C N O C N C O 2 RS 7 a).0 0 Y LLa` c Y U Z _O y(n Y _ O a) 3,!= Oto O y j d E acd C O OV C y O j a)_d ro C O a) O> 0.5,2 ›...cO N 9 O C aid 2 to.E 3 2-C O N • aY > Ega`OocaO2Enm EcrrO)iat3anNv°'imd m° 3 o2rnc`OiEcy EN m UO N C O 0. U) w Ow c c 6))- x N 0 0 >,'"="4.0.- 4) c4:1 00C 0 E. d ca0moyco.o .- 0 a; 0 2 0 a-7 N 0 0....) O `y c c Cmo °o 0 w04) 47)."-~ c / aid 0 80 3 an N a) 01 m c v (1)....t.-•- •"•00.•n an_n oE orn Ec ci0o., dc-om 3EDy >'N a) a) O at N O N 7 o C ad'E...•R o O ,a O V m 0.0 O O 7 E.cos 2QJaa, 3cma0oo rDr E 0•mEoLoroo m vpN 3 Y0cc IW- -. Z a) [`a L u) h C O 01- (1).-"-002040 ° 00 °.5 O.-. 12Z4= °-08 ,_ W80 3 50--° °-.110,.._<EwO3Ooa)m E 2 w y. d c o .cm m a) at om E mC.• a0 a.0">. c 0 0) O O U<d 0 0...V• 03 C at N 2 M O O 0 F E 0.0 7oE 2 J •3 .'c. J C y 3 0 4)C O N d EF-0 O c-,,N O> c6 0 L c° 43 (7.) ".c 'N C O o C OU N(1)(0 ` -0,0morn 2- 113S-7F-O2-10:F-.,. .o-.5.. 0.-.2<Zoo0-1 ""¢ oc L 0E f0X0O, O o)" Q) 0 m D . ,- w c 7 N 0 3 O Q c 0 >g- m O O ,d O >.0 C m 6 1p.0 0 E O 1-• b t E '. m m c•,2 0 tt) O O c o o, c N 0 c £J TCL a. Q? w fn YO O O c .L-.0 T NF .X oEOowo _aE Una^'as4) 0. 0O'x as dOrn2oco EooDvrn Om_ n O c c y 3OrE= O v= r/Y)- o E N O C = C¢L Oo.-1aoIP. cNEsTmO > > Eo-1 ti_ 0notc- • . N- v.0.x'._ a)rnc m0. aYoo . Y .c OYO.o03mM= c-a-Lo a-..000 Ico) TABLE IV-2 BASE YEAR (CY 2019) TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND NOISE LEVELS ALONG ROADWAYS IN PROJECT VICINITY PM PEAK HOUR) SPEED TOTAL VOLUMES(VPH) LOCATION IMEII YPH AUTOS M TRUCKS H TRUCKS 50, Lea 1.21/1,22 MUM 0.Kaahumanu Hwy.N.of Mauna Lani Dr.. 56 1,169 1.103 26 40 71.4 65.9 60.0 Q.Kaahumanu Hwy.Between Mauna Lani& North Entrance. 56 1.398 1,319 31 48 72.2 66.7 60.8 0.Kaahumanu Hwy.Between South&North Entrance 45 1,489 1.419 19 51 69.6 64.3 58.7 Co O.Kaahumanu Hwy.S.of South Entrance 56 1,340 1.277 17 46 71.9 66.4 60.5 m Walkotoa Rd. E.of O.Kaahumanu Hwy. 37 927 870 20 37 65.7 60.8 55.3 Mauna Lani Dr.W.010.Kaahumanu Hwy. 35 728 692 18 18 63.5 58.4 53.0 North Entrance Rd.W.of 0.Kaahumanu Hwy.35 397 377 10 10 60.9 55.8 50.4 W South Entrance Rd.W.of 0.Kaahumanu Hwy.35 520 494 13 13 62.1 57.0 51.6 NOle5 1. 'Loose Soir propagation toss characteristic assumed. 2. Free field conditions without obstructions assumed. TABLE IV-3 YEAR 2019 AND 2045 (BUILD) DISTANCES TO 55 AND 65 DNL CONTOURS 55 DNL SETBACK(FT) 65 DNL SETBACK(FT) STREET SECTION EXISTING CY 2045 EXISTING CY 2045 Q.Kaahumanu Hwy.N.of Mauna Lani Dr.. 405 627 125 186 y Q.Kaahumanu Hwy.Between Mauna Lani & North Entrance. 445 669 137 202 m Q.Kaahumanu Hwy.Between South&North Entrance 494 691 143 205 Q.Kaahumanu Hwy.S.of South Entrance 429 675 133 200 Waikoloa Rd. E.of Q.Kaahumanu Hwy. 237 333 63 90 Mauna Lani Dr.W.of Q.Kaahumanu Hwy. 147 197 39 53 North Entrance Rd.W.of Q.Kaahumanu Hwy. 105 200 27 54 South Entrance Rd.W.of Q.Kaahumanu Hwy. 123 190 32 51 Notes: 1. "Loose Soil'propagation loss characteristic assumed. 2. Free field conditions without obstructions assumed. TABLE V-1 FUTURE (CY 2045) TRAFFIC VOLUMES AND NOISE LEVELS ALONG ROADWAYS IN PROJECT VICINITY BUILD; AM PEAK HOUR) SPEED TOTAL VOLUMES(VPH) LOCATION IMPHI LEI AUTOS M TRUCK* Ii TRUCK* ;0'Leg 100,Lea ZOO'Lea 0.Kaahumanu Hwy.N.of Mauna Lani Dr.. 56 1.519 1.367 49 103 73.6 68.6 836 O.Kaahumanu Hwy.Between Mauna Lanl& North Entrance. 58 1,837 1.853 59 125 74.4 69.4 83.8 D O.Kaahumanu Hwy.Between South&North Entrance 58 2.021 1,808 57 168 76.3 70.3 84.8 a) Q.KaahumanuHwy.S.of South Entrance 56 1,997 1.785 56 156 75.0 69.9 64.4 re Walkoloa Rd. E.of Q.Kaahumanu Hwy. 37 1.575 1,477 35 63 88.0 62.9 57,6 Mauna Land Dr W.010.Kaahumanu Hwy. 35 878 834 22 22 64.4 59.2 53.9 N North Entrance Rd.W.of Q.Kaahumanu Hwy.35 852 810 21 21 64.2 59.1 53.7 South Entrance Rd.W.of 0.Kaahumanu Hwy.35 748 708 19 19 63.7 58.6 53.2 NOW 1. 'Loose Sour propagation loss characteristic assumed. 2. 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O e O 0 u O O ° 00• DO. y A 7EY oi ° > n°L e a N E. a)-0 e . .to uy . “ a) f r4...2711 g".8 e Sge N 0 7 A hC 3 0 LLL 3 w O' N• O ). NNieR Vl .DS M V)y a) aS.4)ozE ENo w8Ew 410a) EV 'eo °• yv a ° a oda u ° y o aoacne 0 4) > O aa i N ei y g, L to A .0 1. O e a) 0 COO NO= aO « yy000.0 W as ` 0eON•fl'fl °' oyw0N.Ev uV 0O NyyZ3Va= {e e LghYo • o).oEweofCba10Hv0ang ° o 0) Aw1 ` v, oy ` " ` -. 21g1,41 . 2 0 £ EL e 7 a) e O•o B a) a $ N o 0NaJidOu3OtC.•O R 8 Ot °, 5NJ9x• ± O E. N e a Cy M O A ;: j I. Q7d y2zENL NXa OJ V ZZMe....v 1 ° e VtCy °.A uNeil .5 56 isL 3 a sVT7 y L7QLL .3O V V .007. 0ONNL17a) 2 ' ° a jtoFvLT IC1 . a)M V .0 CO y N O °" 00 II ` N 1 ,0 e c L a Nud07EEceQLCNO3y o p ouo _uuv y •E" N v a •0.0 o •° o a.REn • aw FL aZ 0 t S u vL0e° o C N0? va c ° ° Laed0oc•-; Ea) z wa .N30 ,0 O a Etveo Adags.,=. ozOI. NE VI- z G y . O:c = f O Z 0 V xa) yy=° d e° 0 , V EO. a, w g 1 y y. yrE y e N W R 0HNHIZGe 'EL ' 2 e° C g3uf G M ... 01 Al. C N e°yN p Sw Eos1 NF •'_ yap° Cb yyie = v oox43o E yGCXaV0etiaitcenezA3Vd _C _ Ep0oZpEEyeaa0.4EN w 0., e0 3t a oa = oN GwRE ,eC vaeoMa9yc a. az 5 £ Eey•po •e ° EgEr o= o ,>,e/ 7pauy :41,AC .W0. OWCNLaa7y +Oxtst.ua _ E 0oEce E EE P du,oKo >`Mc >'30 = a §Ea8.a , E 9 CEfl E E•e° z ud LiE > >r ` E HAteEopH ;2 A —.d M . t GoCe3 XoarEdEh •_ YeN> C QCuoFaooHC3rna. G7 U 0 G7 Ce fi fiGC C)Q. h X w Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 1 Project Overview and Components Evaluated Existing MasterPlan Kumu Hon Master Plan Difference(Kumu Hou Impact) Develop, Develop. pian, Develop. Pan,permit we 6 Ongoing Plan.permit NII S Ongoing permit 6 NII 6 Ongoing 6 develop oWrate operations 6 develop operate openllons develop operate operations Basis/reference 2021. 2026 2027. 2042 20434 2021-2026 2027. 2042 20430 2021- 2026 2027- 2042 2043• Number ofyears in period 6 16 1 6 16 1 6 16 1 Highlights ofperiod 991 • 0- 2012 n (94419 •11901040 49•00944 •89.409.999910•3011 •reg,a+, agmen kit ern,nro 0400v400 • rr• 00,44,0, •TOO N+8004 ocowr,g2021 run 2024 4094*0,2021 NEWDEVELOPMENT IN PERIOD Toneshare units 1.1A43 0 264 0 0 1,164 0 0 900 0 Taneehare 411erv815 51 ,ntervNsnrn.4 0 13,464 0 0 59.364 0 0 45.900 0 Commeroorcornmtm.y centers Square feel grave budding area 0 0 0 0 63000 0 0 63.000 0 Residential units Sigledam4ynomas 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 25 0 Pudicparks and paths Acres 0 0 0 0 3.0 0 0 3 0 AV.ANNUAL UNITS OPERATING 74,103htre warsmoperation Average share of unitsn place manaverageyear0fpenal shown 0% 68% 100%0% 55% 100% Average number operatng 0 176 264 0 636 1.164 0 458 900 CUMULATIVE DEVELOPMENT Byend ofpenal TmeShare unite-Timeshare amtson place 0 264 264 0 1.164 1.164 0 900 900 Intervals sold 0 13.464 13,464 0 59.364 59.364 0 45,900 45900 ComnerOM1,c010mtn6yfacAoas. Somefeel ofwmss Sukeno era Existag golf clubhouse 25,347 Intl o noon, n,I decks 25,347 25.347 25,347 25347 0 0 0 (25,347) (25947) New goal clubhouse 20.000 0 0 0 0 20.000 20,000 0 20900 20,000 Community com00(s) 40.000 0 0 0 0 40.000 40,000 0 40000 40.000 Retail 3.000 0 0 0 ' 0 3.000 3.000 0 3.000 3,000 T01.81000,merctelico000unly 25,347 25.347 25,347 25.347 63.000 63.000 0 37.653 37,653 Reandanbar ants inplace• Single-ferny lots Parc*,a an•A a.•kverw• 0 0 0 . 0 25 25 0 25 25 Cuatomhornecompintad Pore[2.Am Aconstructionsitr0*we 0 0 0 0 25 25 0 25 25 IMrasbudumtpubec amen.9e5- Pubscperks and paths Asses 0. 0 0.0 0.0 0. 0 3 0 3.0 0.0 3.0 3.0 Swum waadw LIM Carpr,y.2020rev 2021:P8RMAWNI 202, Kuru 110604 20314122110/214. E1rets.82472021 Kumu Hou at Walkotoa Economic and Fiscal ImpactAssessment Exhibit 2 Timeshare and Residential Utilization-Average Annual Existing Master Plan Kumu Hon MasterPlan Difference(KumuHou Impact) Plan. Develop. Plan,pined sell p Ongoing permitPlan,peit Nv l6p Ongoing permit& *1la Ongoing develop operate operations &develop operate operations develop operate opentlona Basks/reference 2021-2026 2027-2042 20430 2021-2026 2027. 2042 20430 2021.2026 2027-2042 20434 TIMESHARE UNITS Use typeOmmer&exChange use 82% 0 146 216 0 522 954 0 375 738 Held 101 marke0g 8% 0 14 21 3 51 93 0 37 72 O0201 use 70% 0 18 26 0 64 116 0 46 90 Teal 100% e-179 264 CO 636 1,164 0 466 500 Average daily occupied units Owner6 exchange uses 90%averageoccupancy 0 132 195 0 469 859 0 338 664 Marketing 8 heel uses 85%averageoccupancy 0 27 40 0 97 178 0 70 138 Total 0 159 235 0 567 1,037 0 406 602 Avengedilly gusab Owner6 exchange uses' 2. 3 persons per occuseed urrd Hawai,residents 5%ofoccupiedupas inperiod 0 16 23 0 55 100 0 39 77 Out.ofStateresidents 95%oloccupiedunits inpedal 0 295 428 0 1,036 1.891 . 741 1.463 Sub:01al,rounded 100% 0 310 450 0 1,090 1,990 0 780 1,540 Marketing8001014906' 2. 2 personsperoccupred unit Hawes,4e8000ts 10%of0ca.piedoras inpe00d 0 6 9 0 21 39 0 15 30 Out.01-Shia iosadenls 90%0f0xupre0units inpenal 0 54 81 0 189 351 0 135 270 SubtOW.rounded 100% 0 60 90 0 210 390 0 150 300 Total 0 370 540 0 1.300 2,360 0 930 1,840 SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES v. Total homes 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 0 25 25 Avengedaily occupied homes primary 44,090 00000 accuparrry Sagle.ramy homes 35% 60% 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 15 15 Averagedaily population Ac householdsize 2 3 0 0 0 0 35 35 0 35 35 r Sane mak4009 a howues000 rdweearuvea area an cony* Saxon Weedww•9Hee•I,TevnnAul6oay.20191148 and 2020 IRO*,nrnpao.oonwaatm0040,1160,.dOo0040n 544000,2..COunry 4114514 Ree Prcyrh 1s.0,nan0 K,nu1%4 0.5 20,0152HQ.v264 Ee1.48.924?021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 3 Timeshare Owner/Guest and Single-Family Resident Direct Expenditures 2020 dollars,in millions unless specified Exist] •Master Plan Kumu Hou tenter Plan Difference Kumu Hou In, Cl Develop. Develop, Plan, Develop. Plan.permit sell& Ongoing Plan,permit sell& Ongoing permit& nil& Ongoing 6 develop operate operations 8develop operate operations develop operate operations Basbhe1*rence(not in m.0000) 2021.2026 2027. 2042 20430 2021. 2028 2027- 2042 20430 2021. 2026 2027.2042 20430 TIMESHARE OWNER/GUESTS Total in periodmostsalesSalesvolume 055000 per,0100,N 0.0 $740.5 $ 0.0 $0.0 $3265.0 $0.0 $ 0.0 $2.524 5 $ 0 0 Ofgang spending Seedetail below 0.0 $3769 $34.9 $0.0 $1,344.3 $153.8 50.0 $967 5 $1189 Average annualInialsales 0.0 $46.3 $ 0.0 $ 0.0 $204.1 $0.0 SO 0 $157 8 $0.0 Ong04/spending- Wergn:d average dinnngpend Owner&exchangeuses Maintenance fee 51,000 peradervavynar 30.0 $9.1 $03.5 $0.0 $32.4 $59.4 $00 023.3 $45.9 Food,beverageand other $226 perocc.u0/day,outot. 30.0 510.3 $15.3 $0.0 $36.8 $67.4 $0. 0 $26.5 $52.1 state users only Subtotal 0.0 $19.4 $287 $0.0 9.3 126.9 SO 0 $49.8 0960 Mafkeetg A hoteluses Roans 222 averagedairy rale 0. 0 $2.2 $3.3 $0.0 57.9 $14. 4 $0. 0 $ 5.7 $11. 2 Food.beverage and other 5215 perow.und/day.odor. 0. 0 $1.9 32.9 $ 0.0 $ 6.9 $12.6 $00 $4.9 $ 9. 7 state users only Subtotal 0.0 $4.1 .:.1 0 14.6 $27.0 30.0 $10.6 $20.9 Total 0.0 523.6 $34.9 $00 $64.0 5153.8 009 5609 $1199 SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES Total in periodInitialsales 0400.000 A,eagelol sales once 0. 0 $0.0 $0.0 $ 0.0 510 0 $0.0 $ 0. 0 510.0 20.0 Average annualnine/sales 0.0 $0. 0 $ 0.0 50.0 $0.6 $0.0 $0.0 $ 0. 6 $ 3.0 Nolo Naos do n01 atcan/for(1)sales revenueattributable 10 manualresales,(2)w,sltor spending attributable to potential Hier-Hennrcn181s at someof the single.femdy custom homes.ifpermitted.(3)homeowners 05seaa040 or resort maintenance fees appli.ble tothe snglrefamty properties,n0.(4)ongoing serviceemployment associated with the&ngle.famay prope8Cs. 50.00.8 Haws,Tru,bm,miry'warsDepanue Suvey•2019PHeeel Island'WYoba Land Caaany2020 PBRHAWN%2020.onnlanOgre*.aepae016. NWn,HO./Blv2021.0122600261. E.MbO,5.24/2021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 4 Direct,Indirect and Induced Visitor Expenditures in Hawai'i 2020 dollars,in millions unless specified Existing Master Plan Kumu Hou MesterPlan Difference(Kumu Hou Impact) Develop. Develop, Plan, Develop, Pon,permit sell& Ongoing Plan,permit 0011 6 Ongoing permit 8 sell 6 Ongoing 8 develop operate operation. &develop operate operations develop operate operations Ba.Wroferance(no:n millions) 2021.2026 2027.2042 20430 2021.2026 2027-2042 20430 2021-2026 2027. 2042 20430 TOTAL IN PERIOD Direct Exnibu 300)01104/00Hewer 0.0 $340.5 $31.5 $0.0 $1,214.6 $138.9 $0. 0 $874 1 $107.4 indirect&induced speedo;(seebelow) 0. 0 $323.5 $299 30.0 51,153.9 $132.0 $0. 0 $830.4 5102.1 Total 0. 0 4. 0 1.4 m.0 $ 2,368.$0 1,704.5 209.3 AVERAGEANNUAL IN PERIOC DirectOwner 8 exchange users- 500,213 Maintenancefees 75%nnloosredspent,n Haydn', 0. 0 $68 $10.1 $0. 0 $24.3 $44.5 $0. 0 $17.5 $34.4 FEBand other expenditures Out.o/.state vis4orsonly,non- 0.0 $10. 3 $15.3 $0. 0 $36.6 $67.4 $0.0 $26.5 352.1 acatmm00abOn Subtotal 00.0 17.1 6. 111.8 m.0 Heel 8 markets-to uses• Exrob4 2. 3 Rooms AP nmors S00 $2. 2 $3.3 $0.0 $7.9 $14.4 $0.0 $8. 7 $112 FEB and arta expenditures Out.a.state 0sdors only,non. 00 $1.9 $ 2.9 $0.0 $ 6.9 $12.6 $0. 0 $4.9 $9. 7 eccommodatron Subtotal 0.0 $4.1 56.1 50.0 114.9 527,0 80.0 $10.6 $20.9 Allvisitor expenditures Dees 0.0 $ 21. 3 $ 31. 5 $0. 0 $75.9 0138.9 50.0 $54.6 $1074 In4ue01&induced 095 0,0.W.,' 50.0 $20.2 $29.9 $0. 0 $72.1 $132.0 50.0 0519 $1021 Total 41.5 2.0 140.0 70.9 0.0 1069 209.5 1 easedanTwo 2mi*pars/a plpul n die eaonvnoeasar.relendMopenddnrweilduabw Scurf. St.MM.1.00,Department tl auenea.Econonac Daveloeoa10 endTpaa,n.Resew.andEeonanicMoly.0,neon.-TM20125We 0,pul-0ulpx..0/.0,1. 1.k.2016.ff..,TOn0mNlwry.-YYn00ap1.nury5vwy'2019 14.00. 0Yn? 00000(0..alm.nna9 vac... KumuHoe6W 2021.0122HOY26.. Ex...5/24/2021 Kumu Hou atWaikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 5 Estimated Development Costs 2020 dollars,in millions except as noted Existing MasterPlan Kumu Hou MasterPlan Ddlarance(Kuno 140u Impact) Develop, Develop. Plan. Develop, Plan.permit sell Ongoing Plan,permit sell 8 ongoing permit 8 sell8 Ongoing 6 develop °Pen a operations 8 develop operate operations develop 0perese operations 60.15 lerence(rat in mil1100a) 2021-2026 2027-2062 20430 2021-2026 2027-2042 20430 2021.2026 2027-2042 2043• TOTAL IN PERIODProfessionalservices Plannvg.design,pngrneerinp,legal,6 8. 5 0254 $0.0 $37.3 $111 9 S00 $28.8 $86.5 $ 0.0 85)001 management ConstructionTimesharebo ddntps' includeslolalpropelconorgency 14.4 $156.5 $0.0 $63.4 $690 0 $ 0. 0 $49.0 $533.5 $ 0.0 Golfdoghouse.community Medianolo09estimates,plus aenouse 0. 0 $0. 0 $0.0 $26.7 $112 $0.0 526.7 $11. 2 $ 0.0 centersand reuse denKWion Furniture, fixtures B equyment Thn2g600lpropos 0. 0 $14.5 30.0 $0.0 $64 0 $0. 0 $0. 0 349.5 $ 0.0 Bradosh water legation system ForlandscepeMotion S0.0 Soo $0.0 53.5 $0.0 $ 0. 0 $3. 5 $0.0 $0.0 Landscape improvements 3.2 $7.4 $0.0 $20.5 $47.6 30.0 $17.3 $40.4 $0.0 Infrastructure' includes customlot development 8.4 $12.5 $ 0.0 $34.3 $51.5 30.0 $26.0 $38.9 $ 0.0 Customlamebuilding 950,000 perhome,onSF tots 0.0 $0.0 $0.0 50.0 $23.8 SO.D $0. 0 $23.8 $ 0.0 Subtotal 25.9 191.0 $0.0 $148.5 82 07 122.5 7.3 0.0 Other Pernaprocessing edmma0aweand 0. 9 $2.6 $0.0 $3.8 $11S 000 $3.8 311.5 $ 0.0 officecosts, etc. Total.rounded 352 $216.9 $ 0. 0 $180.6 $1011.6 50.0 $155.2 $705.3 $0.0 AVERAGEANNUAL INPERIOC Profess...130,1CMS 20'^ $1.4 $1.6 50.0 $6. 2 $7.0 50.0 $4.8 $5.4 $0.0 Consbudan 4s* $4.3 $11.9 $ 0. 0' $24.7 $55 5 $ 0.0 $20.4 313.6 $ 0.0 Other 2, $0.1 $0.2 $0.0 $0.6 S0.7 sac $0.5 $ 0.6 $ 0.0 Total,rounded 5.9 $13.7 $0.0 $31. 6 $632 $0.0 $25.7 849.5 $ 0.0 1 InUUOresupnpraaan.0....444...01044 ando.NUI00.410000for e1.4md4anofuwnp*100.0.inKumu NeuNounMen tory 2 Hood..rep0se400..0e4ynpmwnen,s.miryM s0.1.0•4114ate.saslepa:onWrvaas.prang440other44 narn'anw4.Csllkpmenl dtheSMde.temy vagi1p! 60x04'R..Linn000441.2000 R N 00.11Gonnaaltcn 2820.PIR HAWN!.2020.Carty Rea1404.y Tax 0wie.n.2020 NunsMooaW 2021.0122RGV264, Ehints 5/212021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 6 Development Employment,FTE Jobs Existing Mester Plan Kumu Hou MasterPlan Difference(Kumu Hou Impact) Develop, Develop, Pon, Develop, Plan,penn1 eau& Ongoing Pon.pennn sell it Ongoing permit& sail& Ongoing 8 develop operate operations 8develop operate operations develop operate operations Basis/reference 2021-2026 2027- 2042 20430 2021.2028 2027- 2042 20430 2021.2026 2027-2042 20430 TOTAL PERSON-YEARS Direct jobs Erma 5 Pr0fe65an61 services 31 93 D 136 408 0 105 316 0 Consuuceon 88 645 0 501 3.000 0 414 2,355 0 Other5 15 0 22 66 0 17 51 0 500(06111,000400)120 750 0 660 3.470 0 540 2,720 0 indirectand Induced00.000) 170 1.045 0 905 4,820 0 735 3.775 0 Total jobs(rounded)300 1,800 0 1,600 8,300 0 1,300 6,500 0 AVERAGE ANNUAL JOBS Direct jobsprofessional services 5 6 D 23 26 0 18 20 0 ConArutJan 15 40 0 64 187 0 69 147 0 Other 1 1 0 4 4 0 3 3 0 Subtotal(rounded)20 45 0 110 215 0 90 170 0 Indirect and induced(rounded) 30 65 0 150 300 0 120 235 0 Taal jobs(rounded) 50 110 0 260 520 0 210 410 0 Note: FTE 0 Full lane equivalent.defined as 40noun perweek or 2.080 hoursperyear 001000nce See41.40v001.,00044w4ofBmrn4e.Etanana 0ere40prrler am T,'7I1sewsyulewoosO gut Sway 2012Irlalllralx Repot'Mice 2016. xumueau611'2021.01220G01264. EoIW 5/2403621 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 7 Personal Earnings from Development 2020 dollars,in millions Exist' •Master Plan Kumu Hsu Mester Plan Difference KumuHou ten.N Develop. Develop, Plan, Develop, Plan,pent. wtl& Ongoing Plan,permit sell& Ongoing permit& sell& Oo$011g develop operate opan00118 8 develop operate operations develop operate operation 0.00.beance 2021-2026 2027. 2042 2043. 2021- 2028 2027. 2042 2043. 2021-2026 2027- 2042 2043. TOTAL IN PERIOD EoMSY 6 Direct earningsProcessionalservices 4.2 $ 12 7 $0.0 $186 555.9 $ 0. 0 5144 $43.2 $ 0. 0 Construcbon 93 $68.7 $0. 0 $53.1 $319.8 $0.0 $44 1 $251.0 $ 0. 0 Other 0. 3 $1.0 $0.0 $1.5 $44 $0.0 511 $3.4 $0.0 Subtotal,dined 13.9 2. 4 T.73.5 180.1 ',0 59.7 7.6 0. 0 Indirectand Inducts 8.2 $53.4 $0.0 $46.5 $275.9 $ 0.0 $38.4 $216.6 $0. 0 Total personalearnings 22.1 $141. 8 $0. 0 $120.1 9656.0 $ 0.0 $98.0 $5142 $0.0 AVERAGE ANNUAL IN PERIOC Dred ea/tangs 2. 3 $5.2 $ 0. 0 $12. 3 $23.8 SOD $9.9 $ 18.6 $0.0 Indeed&induced earnings 1.4 $3.7 $0.0 $7.8 $17.2 $0. 0 $6.4 $13.5 $ 0.0 Total personal unstraps 3.7 8.8 0 1.0 0. 0 8. 7 12.1 0 I Note- Earnings defined to include wage.salary and proprietary Incomes,plus directors'leesand employer00066Wces10 health insurance. less employee contributions t040081 nqulanC0. 60.0.000 Stam dHewell.Depanmom ofSeeress.Ecananc DehbpnwrlandTads.,'The00.1 Seale IroM-OUtsI SWOy 2012 BMMnereRepa1-Marsh2016 Comm Ha BW 2021.0122HG0264 Eaeies.6202021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 8 Personal Earnings from Development-Per Job and Per Household 2020 dollars(not in millions) Existing Master Plan Kumu Ecu Master Plan Develop, Develop. Plan,Fermat se11 4 Ongoing Plan,permit sell& Ongoing 8 develop operate operations &develop operate operations Basis/reference 2021.2026 2027.2042 2043. 2021302.6 2027. 2042 2043. AVERAGE ANNUAL IN PERIOC Earned 7 Avengeper new FTE Job Professional serwros 137,000 $137,000 N/A $137,000 $137,000 N/A Construction 107,003 $107,001 N/A $107,000 $107,000 N'A Other 66,000 566.000 N/A 566,000 366030 WA Weighted average,direct jobs 113.000 $110,000 N'A $112,700 $109,000 N/A Indirectand 086000lobs 48.000 $57,000 N/A' $51,000 557.000 NIA Averagepertotal Job 75,000 $79,000 N/A 877. 000 579. 000 WA Eel.avenge family Intome 336.000 aadlonal/am0y moan' For Arad pb.h010er5 149,000 $146,000 WA $148,000 $145,000 N/A For indirectand,nduc0opb-Ieldcrs 84,000 $93,000 WA $87,000 $93,000 NIA All Project-related job-holden 111,000115.000 N/A 113,000 -$71130- N/A Percent ofmedian income 275,200 Nawei'iCounty median For directjob.hol00rs familyincome.2020 198% 194% N/A 197% 193% N/A Fornearedand Inducedpb.hd00rs 112% 124% N/A 116% 124% N/A All P0OJodaNatad 0b41010Ma K % N/A 1561E 153% N/A Note Earnings defined 10 exclude wage,salary and prOpi0Mry Incomes,p8Rdirectors'teas andemployercunnb5AOnsto heath insurance,less enahayee Oon2000ons to socialInsurance. 1 E.WreeaeonHastCountymoaen%oaten*eweand exupalim1caromedto meow lroll/Iropnr.Reedsmuaprpbratlel.Mtnn sem Wady as eelasn,4bp0 Kb6d01g bymbndur. Sources SW*a Weal.Depsanenr of&areas.EoonamicOewbpnrl and Tara...1M Her Slate IrpuaoulpdStudy 2012Gem..Repm'Wrtn2016. Ited.Har',Maury 6Oesnand DentM0Dnlrl Ce.paasan.'largl,County mtan* SdeNM byFanly Site.2020.•bredcoe.010100n0.OndedbyU S Deearmento1HwangandUrban D..ebprnere WW1.StaleofHare1.DepMmenl d Labe.86MUM0IRNaf0reand hug.rIapprled by 510.d WM.*0107.2020 Kusw Nov SW 2021.0122009264. tuns 5124002'. Kumu Hou atWaikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 9 Operational Employment-Average Annual FTE Jobs Existing Master Plan Kumu Ilou MasterPlan Difference(K.nuNou Impact) DovNop• Develop. Plan. Develop. Plan,permit nil6 Ongoing Pon,permit no d Ongoing permit 6 sella Ongoing 6 develop operate operations 6 develop operate operations ' develop operate oPeratlona 0asis/e000*00e 2021.2026 2027.2042 2043. 2021.2026 2027. 2042 2043. 2021.2026 2027.2042 2043. AVERAGE ANNUALIN PERIOC DirectjobsTimeshare. ierei'iToudsnn Aulho4N 201$ Sales&marketing. 0.25 FTEper urs.NewellIsland 30 60 0 30 160 0 0 100 0 Oparatans 0.39 FTEpersand.NawarIsland 0 56 103 0 248 454 3 192 351 50810e1 30 116 103 30 408 454 0 292 351 Communy/oomm.rwl and other 090105000. Excludes golf courseemployment Clubhouse and other 15 FTEestimate 15 15 15 15 15 153 0 0 Subiota!15 15 15 15 15 15 0 0 0 Residentialsales- Inked(10 04cians only(redmules) Commissions endmenses 5. 5%mil rota.asang 6outanle agents 50.0 $ 0.0 50.0 ; 50.0 206 $ 0.0 ' 500 s0 6 50 0 FTE brokerage positions 3.6 /5004 setingmals 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 Subtotalall directjobs(rounded) 45 130 120 45 426 470 0 290 350 Indirectand Induced- Mrdtp6or end.0 av ceteaav.o48.8' Timeshare sales&marketing 1.06 Realwore 6 leasing 32 64 0 32 170 0 0 106 0 ndus0te0 Timeshare&hoINN operations 1.33 Amomnpdabonsindustry 0 75 137 0 330 604 0 255 467 Commercial&other opar0Wns 0.47 Reoeinduslry 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 Residentialsales 1.06 Reaedfel&endrentals& 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 leasing industries Subtotal, indirect 6 induced 60 145 145 40 505 610 0 360 465 lobe. rounded Totaljobs(rounded/ 90 200 270 90 930 1' .0 650 920 Nate FTE=Full time equivalent,defined as40 bowsper week or2.080 hours per year. 1 Flourmado notapcpuntoe wnpolmote1001/tobo 9Onwa400n sher oOndoion.d ml0M+alr.awingand Mw M MY 0.4.crrWaspanes 6064 aroM0ta0n2.mpoman WOO,Ow EYatrp tn.,. 06n6war0.,..............Pan teams,me 00'4'04100.Wesproda**mama navy soofMe yawsnebawad shown,wwwMnrawM 16 2 For"dnaand induced mows0rraadnn 6104/reads MY00an dom.canTypaaawedalsoteal0blaa15,0mu0pwn nMorn n OBEDT.bd.puWOW. nMpawareduced try1 010* Monate dnO 1000 aMg09,calaw.0 Scum 51060040Mr,.Hada,TeunmMAwry.2019ann.aro20201stquartertown.Stan0IMwwl Dope..ol8,pnaw.Eoapmmcnvn0OPrwn and MINIM-T.Maw..SI.1r104-0UgaStudy 20126aMmMRoma.'Wren2016.WS0pba LandCanomry 2020 Kuru Kau aW2021.0122 0017264. E01050.SRu2021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 10 Personal Earnings from Operations- Average Annual 2020 dollars,in millions except where noted Existing Master Plan Kumu Nota Master Plan Difference(Kumu Hou Impact) Develop, Develop. Plan, Develop, Plan,palmit .8 Ongoing Plan.p0rnn 00116 Ongoing permit 6 sell 6 Ongoing 0 develop operate 0Pd.U0m0. 04..19 operate operations de0Inp operate 090nilorr Basis/reference(not in minions) 2021.2026 2027.2042 2043* 20214020 2027. 2042 20430 2021-2026 2027.2042 20430 AVERAGE ANNUAL INPERIOC Diner earnings Fsemated ay.F7E Mfg1 1,due be4.TOg Timeshare sales 6 marketing 582.000 ARDA 2020 survey' S2 5 64.9 SO 0 L.. $2 5 513.1 S0.0 S0.0 $ 8.2 $0.0 Timeshare uperabor 62.600 ARCA 2020 survey' SO 0 53. 5 56.4 50.0 515.5 528.4 500 512.0 522 0 Commeroal&otheroperations 846.200 Averageofrelevantwage S0 7 50.7 $0.7 50.7 50.7 00.7 50 0 50.0 00.0 ceopanee Residential sales peeragecomnusdns 6 expenses' 50.0 50.0 500 S0 0 5003 50.0 S0.0 50.03 $ 0.0 Subtotal,dNct 53.2 59.1 $7.1 532 $29.4 529.1 00.0 5202 522.0 Indirect and induced lamings filarandindustry cao0orv' Timeshare sales 6 marketing 0.79 Reaestate.endmetals 6 SI 9 53.9 50.0 01 9 510.3 $0.0 S0.0 $ 6.4 20.0 Miming industries Timeshare d Istel operations 1.06 ALcaNmoda0onf 0du4rry 0. 0 53.7 56.8 SO 0 $ 16. 5 530.1 $0 0 $ 12.7 $23.3 Cornndrcsal&other operations 0.79 Reed endacting 6 S0.5 50.5 S0.5 50 5 30.5 S0.5 S0.0 $ 0.0 50.0 61'rwinrg0(00seles Res5Oenbal sales 1.17 Realestate 6rentals S0.0 500 50.0 S0.0 50.0 $0.0 SO 0 $ 0. 0 50.0 Subtotal,indirect&Induced 52 5 58.1 7. 4 • 5 27.3 530.7 50.0 $ 19.2 $23.3 Top personalearinga 55.0 517.3 514.5 $5. 6 554.7 530.0 . $0. 0 $39.4 545.3 if. F Naga:Eam.gsde7ned lo nid00890.salary and propnetryincome*.pas6eartoo'lees andenpl0yer contrbubona tohealth insurance. less employee Cd99ibutions t0 socialInsurance. 06005figures exclude mnvn1401000,bps,bonusesand benefits.as applicable. exceptthat C01101004.0fa timeshare interval and residential lot cabsare included. 0,2019004w.based ntier/2020Noddy byEylerlashewn Rawl DnabanwxAswaabon(A/VA)lntotrwtawl Foundation MDAWogs 20% 10 aquafor es,soua0n 0pM+YlWed 2 Shea0l Howe..Departmentel LabearoIndust*Rotations.hwwalwa4can.MdoomedSrpamrew.2020.prcpnataydata 2 Based onTn0110004{004 Wadiesro,.Mwps(Eanwpat9arnnpa.-6r 1 Ow.ln show,n06EDT.2016.610 Eamrprd.6ned nroomsto nciudeMpg.seamy Yppopaay"caret pus41.400'basa..ncgY00006500 0 Merl...nos. 6ramok,.aonnM001 towoo vwue. Kumunovae.2071-0122007204. Edhbes 110412021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 11 Personal Earnings from Operations-Per Job and Per Household 2020 dollars(not in millions) Existing Master Plan Kann Ho*Master Plan Develop, Develop. Plan,permf sella Ongoing Plan.permit sella Ongoing develop operate Operations &develop operate oPerall005 BasiLraNrence 2021.2026 2027.2042 20430 2021- 2026 20274042 2043* AVERAGE ANNUAL IN PERIOC Average pernew FTE lob Exl2D4 10 Deed jobs 70,000 $70.000 559.030 570.000 $ 69.000 $62,000 Indirect andinduced Fibs 62,000 $56,000 $51,000 $62,000 $54.000 550,000 Average per job 63,000 —COW $54,000 s68,660 1,000 5.000 Est.average family Income $36.000 eddr8onel/ amity income' Fordirectjobholders 5106.000 3106.000 595. 000 $106,000 5105.000 598.000 ForIndirect and induced job-holders 598.000 592.000 587, 000 $98,000 $90.000 $86,000 All Job-holders 9,000 —$9111,100 - 697),0-0099,000 $97,000 X600 Percent of median Income 075. 200 HOW01)County,nodmn Forcoedpob-hoklers lamelyincome.2070 141% 141% 126`x• 141% 140% 130% For indirect and induced oh10ldera 130% 12214 116% 130% 120% 114% All job-holders 132% 130% 120% 132% 129% 12-Tc. Notes: Earnings defined toInclude wage.salary and proprietaryincomes.plus*factors fees and employer ConmbWOns to health insurance. less employee contributions to social insurance. Directfigures Dxtlu0e 0AmmiesnrH,bps,bonuses and benefits.as appla2bk,except that commsaions fortimeshare'Menial and residential lotsales are included. I atm.,toot Hetal'I COunovmoron lull,andtagtforal mooatore caro .aIyadan%svitemu 0wade mobs.0.h0..,sMhn aeon fantuy..........PDtwdng byIMtaab. Rorer moa' 51000 etHater,Dap.NnonI M s„*noo*, Econorn.D0,tlopmanl andTowns.,•the Hana Stole ineut.Outn1I Sw0y 2012aenWnahflooce'Meth2016;to Hans.,Hauenp From.,and Dew,Ocmerr Corpongo,I.'WxslCe,aarsnornt. SmeduHbyFannySee 2020'based 0n,,dormaeonp,vwaby U.S Depsnmen1or NousmpendUrbanDe.ebpnam:IHU01.Slated Hatt',.Ceoennwx orlabor s I duan*Re1Micns and NIA.as,evadedterState orHawaii HHFOC.2020 Nurse M0„Mel'2021.0122 MOV364. Ee,bbo 5042021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 12 Population Impacts-Average Daily Existing MasterPlan Kumu Hou MuterPlan Dlffaence(Kumu Hou Impact) Develop, Develop, Plan, Develop, Plan.pamK se11 a Ongoing Plan,p.rmll sell$ Ongoing permit& sell& Ongoing develop opera. operations &develop operate operations develop openta operations Baoslref6wno. 2021-2028 2027.204.2 2043• 2021. 2026 2027.2042 20430 2021.2026 2027. 2042 2043* TIMESHARE VISITORS' Average daily guests Ourol-Staeandlocalresidents 0 370 540 0 1.300 2.380 0 930 1.840 Visitor impacts Tothe Stale 95%ofaverage dairyguests. above 0 350 510 0 1.240 2,260 0 090 1.7500 Tothe CouNy 100%or average dailyguests. above 0 2,360 0 130 1,0 40r RESIDENTSSingle-familyresid.nte Average daily.ref. Exntbd3 0 0 0 0 35 35 0 35 35 Impact ofsingle-family homes To the Stale 65%of ay.dallypop Exhibit 2 0 D 0 0 2020 0 20 20 TO the County 70%of 00.daily pop Exhibit 2 0 0 6, 0 6– 20 0 Impactofemployment To the Stale.Davelopment employees 110 ofeve annualpas(Ex.3.4) I 2 0 5 10 0 4 8 0 Operabanel employees 1%ortorapbs generated(Ex.3.7) 1 3 3 1 9 71 0 7 8 Dependents' Ratio ofin-migrant employees 1 3 3 2 11 11 1 8 8 Impact to State,roused' 3 10 :1(1t13020102020 To the County-Developmentemployees 6%ofave annuarpbs(Ex 3-4) 3 7 0 16 310 13 25 0 Operaltonal employees 2%0/totepbs genoratad(Ex 3.7)2 6 $ 2 19 22 0 13 16 Dependenta2 Rebo orin migrantemployees 2 7 8 5 25 22 3 18 16 Impact toCounty,rrxatded' 7 20 10 20 70 40 20 60 30 DE FACTO POPULATION Residents and averagedeny donors TOUte State- Subsetof Country irrpdct5 Residents 3 10 10 10 50 40 7 40 30 Vesltors 0 350 510 0 1,240 2,280 0 890 1,750 Total 3 360 520 10 0 0 qtr TO NO County. Includes Slate anpacls Residents 7 20 10 20 90 60,. 13 70 50 Visitors 0 370 540 0 1,300 2,380 0 930 1,640 Total 7 —Sr 550_ 20 10 1,000 1,090 Note, In-migrants tothe County include a1thosemoving tome Stateplus any that may move between Wan09 dueI0jdbOPDOatralilfesMeteProject 1 inoxt ofnolatai51100 Wm tweakalsome ofno 0,NIafa,Vyoao hornet(p,0,054 a N.comodoml 2 in-009-00 Oepondwxs memao0tot,aro00 02 pot amgtar4av0ltyvereBmp0yee,and 10 p0 rmi300000/01004 0.01.60,. 50,0Hou IAV 20214122035244. E.hop.1/2412021 Kumu Hou atWaikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 13 Real Property Taxes Generated by Development 2020 dollars,in millions except as noted Exfating Master Plan Kum. HouMaster Plan D7Mafence(Kum.Ho,Impact) Develop. Develop. Plan, Ow.op, Plan.permit 5.118 Ongoing Plan,permit sell8 Ongoing permit 8 ss118 Ongoing develop operate operations 6 develop operate operation. develop operate operations Basi.ralerence(000In m4ron51 2021.2028 20274042 2043. 2021. 2026 2027.2042 2043. 2021-2026 2027.2042 2043. New developmentsEstimatedassessedvalues• Im0TVementnOnly(no land) T.noshane 1.000.000 perand.ref.Kvgsiena onto 0.0 $178.3 $264.0 $ 0.0 $636.0 $1,164.0 $0. 0 $457.7 3900.0 Comn•doa0commundy Ve0ca16 tenantimprovement costs 0. 0 $0.0 $ 0.0 426.7 $11.2 $112 $26.7 $11.2 $ 11 2 Snglo farcy tames 4950.000 EXMDx 3- 3 0.0 $0. 0 $ 0.0 $0.0 $23.8 $23.8 $0. 0 $23 8 $23 8 Underlyingland values Re[current wares per acre 16.3 $16.3 $16.3 $34.7 $34.7 $34.7 $16.4 $184 8184 AS905400 values 16.3 $1946 $280.3 $61.4 $705.6 $1233.6 445.1 $5110 $ 9533 New RPT revenues-FY21 ratesDer S7 800 netlax9Dle value Tm05hare 011.70 Apartment 0.0 $2.1 $3.1 $0.0 47.4 $13.6 $0. 0 55.4 $105 COmmepal'communty 10.70 Connnemnei 0.0 30.0 $0.0 $0.3 $0.1 50.1 $0. 3 $ 0.1 501 Snglodem4y homes' 011.10 Resnle 130/ 0.0 30.0 $00 $0.0 $0.3 $ 0. 3 $0. 0 S0.3 $0.3 Underying land waves 011.70 Apartment 10.2 $0.5 102 $0.4 $0.4 $0.4 $0. 2 10.2 SO2 TOIOI newtaxrevenues 10.2 $2.3 13.3 $0.7 $ 8. 2 $146 $0. 6 16.0 St1 1 Displacements and otheradjustments RPT on ee8eng clubhouse $18.787 /mpmwrents any 0.02 50.0 $0.0 ($0.02) (10.0) (50.0) ($0.0) ($0.0) (SO 0) Homeowners'exemptions' (s40.0007/angle.leanlyhome.ay. 50.0 00.0 100 $0.0 110.0) (30.0) $0.0 (50.0) ($0.0) 0.0 30.0 $0.0 ($0.0) (13.0) ($.0) ($0.0)T ($0.0) Estimatednet addnion.l RPT 0. 2 12.3 $3. 3 10.7 $ 112 $14.4 $0. 6 $ 0.9 $11.1 II 1 Ruealga up toS2 melon.Nts.aswewd wFw Examv*M00lnrywxadM513400.,S1,0a0wa:aea.sw 2 20204.OM06169c,,COunypl Hilal,aro3m51y Tax 0%,napAnneKwvrPwerlyt .w.Nsx_r5el nim 3 HSN'.Count?oasavuool.Mpkn.a pansyneon sealonWonape.nswn. a.wateryo, 09.,.pe:r*eras .A.weaxmwt Gas.d Cne1Omyoro canned by Amennb remwwn.n,...,.aunpwalaan.Cne.lO.59,00many50% ord.a0s000as..ea.d27%W4n.dan.erplmesamne0050.e. an0n41.w.a.sr000nyensmoon.Hcme000,,sin,aseanew+, Kvmu HouBN 2021.0122 00826,1 Emdn,1124/202'' Kumu Hou atWaikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 14 Total Annual Revenues to County Government Attributable to Development&In-Migrant Population 2020 dollars,in millions,except as noted Exietin Master Plan Kumu Hou Master Plan Difference Kumu Hou an act Develop. D.velop. Plan, Develop. Plan.pennn se116 Ongoing Plan.peon sell 8 Ongoing Penn8 5.08 Ongoing 0 develop operate operations Bdevelop operate op.r10121111 develop operate *permtons BrWnheano.(not in n,ions) 20214020 2027.2042 2043. 2021-2026 2027. 2042 20430 2021-2026 2027-2042 20430 Bars ken...don FTE in.ngrents toCoenry• Edtea4-I Employees and their Dependents 7 20 f0 20 70 40 13 50 30 Spendtg 9ppace0le to GET Exh/Od5-3 5. 9 055.3 $81.0 $31.7 $212.5 $271.2 $25.8 $157.2 $209.7 Estimated lax and other revenues Not new properlylax revenues Exhibit5-1 SO2 $2 3 $3.3 $ 0.7 $8.2 $146 SO 5 $ 5.9 $11.1 Tren0ent acmnmo0ahonsl 0.0%ofSP*TAT/ E&Nb416 50.0 500 50.0 300 50.0 $0. 0 $50 $0. 0 $0. 0 occupancy lax TSO General excise rax' 0.5%Countysurcharge onGET 0.0 $ 02 $0.3 $0.1 $1.0 81.2 $0 1 50.7 $0. 9 Total newCounty mve,en 0. 2 82.5 .0.5 $9f 0. $0.6 6. 6 12.1 LS eew,000.851n3Ms237136 5. e1,0,took NenIn Jury 2015 upped est tar dsn0 00.df TATRSO,enSaste Oa mere..5103 m41en.alwhoHaxanCary.ab04.4106%13192 mike+).ms..000y ue.ethe 51w's 6101 TATESO,0501ebarnen5203/Nana sry 9•e„s.a,.mewl rATrtsO taxes generatedo plant CountyWI. enoun inad4baWmamaa eaCounty.S1Wn 0..TAT mannanF1,2019 was6600.3 moon.and0020201.010.050110000.Wayn.d.x0..4. 4F,2019 b.masamep.nad 000009:0ma Was,Touren,Aete,ry 2...a1 Ceunry's GE lstoogewasream.on.026%WO 5%ss 0,January 1.2020.WIwAe0.0wn.n mD.orna131.2030 50015004 patina ONnrawmn.atonnnwv0. Kuno000ilW20214122 000264. E.0t0.5042021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economicand Fiscal ImpactAssessment Exhibit 15 Bases for Projecting State Government Revenues 2020 dollars,in millions,except as noted Existing MasterPlan Kunio Hou Master Plan Difference(Kama Hon Impact) Develop, Develop. Plan. Develop, Plan,permit .4118 Ongoing Plan,permit ..118 Ongoing permit 8 ..118 Ongoing develop operate operations 8 develop operate operation develop operate operation BaWrel4.noe,notin maims 2021-2026 2027-2042 20430 2021. 2026 2027.2042 20430 2021.2026 2027-2042 20430 AVERAGE ANNUAL IN PERIOC For GETcalculations Propeldevelopnentcosts Em/b4 3-3 55 9 513.7 50.0 $31.8 $63.2 $0.0 $25.7 $495 $0. 0 Realestate commissions Exrb89 00 $3.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0.6 50.0 500 S06 S00 Spending byIn-migrants to State Numberpersons Exhibit 12 3 10 10 10 50 40 7 40 30 Estimatedhouseholds 2.8 personaPa,nOWefnld 1 4 4 4 18 14 3 74 I1 Instate spending by 14,05' 58%04averageMasiaamxlg6 0. 0 031 $0.1 , SO 1 $0.7 $0.2 SD 1 $0. 6 $ 0.2 perdovol%pnngMand operationalhousehold Valter expenditures Eldiibit 4 0. 0 541.5 561 4 $0. 0 $1480 $270.9 $0.0 $106.5 $209.5 Total spending applicable to GET 5.9 $ 55. 3 $61.5- $31.7 $212.5 5271.2 $25.8 $157.2 $209.7 ForTAT/TSOTimeshareoccupen05tax• $140 maintenance leeperday Taxable basn 50%of8bove.appeed l0 50.0 S0.0 $00 $0.0 50 0 SO.1 S0.0 $00 $ 3 0 occupied days TSOowed 10.25%ofaxa0%bass 0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $ 0.0 500 $0.0 $0.0 $ 0. 0 $00 Transient aco0mmodagmstax. Hotel roan revenues Exhib43 0.0 $2. 2 $3.3 $0.0 ST_9 $144 $0.0 $5.7 $112 TATowed 10.25%ofroomrevenues 50.0 $ 0. 2 $0.3 $0.0 50.8 515 $0.0 $06 $11 For Individual!Incometaxes Pratt,ndredt6induced e0n0nds Net now personal income oared. Developmentomploymint Exlubd7 3.7 S89 50.0 S20.0 541.0 $ 0. 0 $163 $321 500 Operational employment Exhibit 70 5.6 $17.3 $14.5 $5.6 $567 $59.8 $0.0 $39 4 $453 Av.personal earning31FTE lob- Deveopnentemployment Exhibit 8 Notonmiaons 00 S75,000 $79,000 $0 $77,000 079.000 SO Operationalemployment Exhibit11 Notinmiteons no $63,000 $62,000 $54,000 $61,000 $61.000 555,000 Note Excludes conveyance taxeson timeshare sales;GETon timeshare sales commwsions: corporate income taxes and potentialGET Iranany operating entities or lease Bantion*0510040.5 OapaNna4ellobe..Same.01Lata54.1ose(Wy0,ca1,x.1,vinerynHpnduWanoW501 haad0Hangry*pent on....flutysxb..110 GET ExdoOosfpnenaenalW,le0Modro.tlnarl camcoM0S004 pu»n0 onceandp0,00,s Swoon Slabof Hawrn.OenMmonl04Twew.laxFitts084'FnCoery 2019 Kuru NOu BW 2011-0122HGV284. Exhibits 5d4r2021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal ImpactAssessment Exhibit 16 Projected Annual Revenues to State Government Attributable to Development and In-Migration 2020 dollars,in millions,except as noted Existin•MailerPlan Kumu Hou Master Plan Difference KumuHou m• Cl Develop, Develop, Plan. Develop. Plan,permit “ii ft Ongoing Plan,permit eau 6 Ongoing permit& ..118 Ongoing develop ognl. operations $develop opsnle operations develop opMte operation Baiafnference(not,n m58rts) 2021-2026 2027.2042 20430 2021.2026 2027. 2042 20430 2021. 2026 2027-2042 20430 AVERAGE ANNUAL IN PERIOC General excise taxes,on:ForCountysnare.see Eal ba 14 Development' 0.2 $0.4 $0.0 SO.9 $1. 7 $0. 0 $0.7 $1.4 $0.0 Real estate commissions 4.0%ofcosts 0.0 $0.0 $0.0 SO0 $0.0 $0. 0 $0. 0 $ 0.0 $0.0 Spendingby in-migrants 4.0%ofrelevant spending 50.0 $0. 0 $0.0 $0. 0 S0.0 $0.0 $0.5 $ 0.0 $0.0 Vn8olexpenditures 4.0%ofspending 50.0 51.7 52.5 50.0 55.9 $10.6 $0.0 $4.3 $8.4 Subtotal 0.2 52.0 $ 2.5 $0. 9 $7. 7 $10.8 $0.7 $5.7 $B.4 TAT andTSO.on: Owner andtransient use Ievenne 100.0%State shareoflocalddleca00s2 $0.0 $0. 2 $ 0.3 SO 0 50.8 $1.5 50.0 $0.6 $1. 1 Individual income taxes': Developmentemployees- Est.average family ncane Direct indrec10 induced,nolin irks> $111,000 $115,000 NIA 5113,000 5115000 WA N/A Adjusted gnu farcyincome 75%offamilyincome.noton revs $83250 $86,250 N/A $84.7S0 586250 N/A N/A Applicable lax rate on AGI 6. 5% 6.6% N/A 6.5% 66% N/A N/A Total 6100014 tm. Tao rate*petard tototalMReamings> 1.4 $9. 3 N/A 57.8 5430 WA r., $6.4 $33.7 N/A Operabonel employees- Est averagefarcy,Meanie Direct,indirectinduced,n0111111116, $99,000 $90000 590.000 $99.003 597, 030 $91.000 Adrysled Boss family income 75%offamvyln0ome.oarin 0045 $74,250 573,500 567,500 - $74.250 $72.750 $68.250 Ap lice$Ie tax rate onAGO 6.3% 6. 3% 6. 2% 6 3% 63% 6.2°% Totalincome tax 0.4 $1.1 $0.9 50.4 $3.6 53 7 50.0 52 5 $2. 8 Total,additional revenues 2.0 $12.7 $3.7 $9.1 $55.1 $16.1 $7. 2 $42.5 $124 NON ExWON 80n00rl4e144o06,na1Meoat.GET on0.,0d18e 444 wmnaOsmw.po4r*4mans4x4rap GET Iranny0pare19 a naryor4'0in4Mase enan4w„ents 1 BOW0e4%On 100%010Nle4U448 senKon and e0%01 ixxO$udM001s.Nos aw.aeearoinsinOealmolar..In of 0.6%again.40%01 coirtrosixocoal 2 Beadon 5444xpito..ae aves1aOctober2030. 3 baron areaeneer nun.lei 01ROp.s44dpbnodal,esshown PmvNy.andon2019Hr..'iTaxTable.for..rr.5 ineaNnNnaprer0,amApnNd G,4s Mean.ao,mbd 4 aprion 4,l.armeelunyeammes.0wser,rgenema!d.0.K10nr Kuno 500BW 20210122*405.101. Exist.514!2021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal ImpactAssessment Exhibit 17 County Government Expenditures-Average Annual As Attributable to Population Increase 2020 dollars,in millions,except where noted Existing Master Plan R110111 Hou MasterPlan Difference(Kurnu Hou Impact) Develop, Develop. Plan. Develop, Plan,permit aell6 Ongoing Plan.permit sell d Ongoing permit& sell6 Ongoing develop operate operations &develop operab operations develop operate operations BasislroMence(not In01e011s) 2021.2026 2027. 2042 20430 2021-2026 2027-2042 20434 2021. 2026 2027. 2042 20434 AVERAGE ANNUAL INPERIOC Banes for Countyprojection FTE nangranls 10County Exh,E4 4.1 7 20 10 20 90 60 13 70 50 Visdo,sfrtvnoff.Isiand Ex9,064.1 0 370 540 0 1.300 2380 D 930 1,840 Annual expenditures FTE in-migrants loCounty $2470 parperson 0.0 $0.0 $0.0 $0. 0 $0. 2 $0.1 $0.0 $0.2 $ 0.1 Visitorsfromoff-island 2270 perperson 00.0 $0.8 $1.2 $0. 0 $3.0 $5.4 $0. 0 $ 2.1 $4.2 Total new county expenditures 0.00A 61.3 0. 0 _ .2.3 13 KunvHGv6w2621-05221. 89264. EOM*.50472021 Kumu Hou atWaikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 18 State Government Expenditures-Average Annual As Attributable to Population Increase 2020 dollars,in millions,except where noted Existing Master Plan Keanu HouMaster Plan Difference(Kumu Hou Impact) Develop. Develop. Plan, Develop. Plan,permit sella Ongoing Plan.penn8 sell& Ongoing pernnn 6 ..mi& Ongoing develop operate operations & develop operate operations develop operate operations BIMWroference(notin 10i6200) 20214026 2027-2042 20430 2021. 2026 2027-2042 _ 20430 20213020 20273042 20430 AVERAGEANNUAL IN PERIOC BasesIn Sureprojacdon FTE in-mgranlsto State Ex1uD4 4.13 10 10 10 SO 40 7 a0 941 VusIron 444.01-State 04974 4.1 0 350 510 0ib1.240 2.260 0 890 1.750 Annualexpenditures Awn r1 FTE n.mgrantsto State 09.390 perperaon 0.0 $0.I S0.1 $0.1 $0.5 50.4 SO 1 $0 a 50 3 Vo*ions Vonout-ofSlete 01.890 perperson 0.0 $0 7 01.0 $0.0 $2.3 $4 3 SO 0 $1 7 53 3 Tool new Bute expenditures X36 60.61., $0.1 2.8 1.6 X6.1---b- 03.6 wry145uOW 2( 21,0201GV264. Earama 104'2021 Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Economic and Fiscal Impact Assessment Exhibit 19 County and State Government Revenue and Expenditure Comparison 2020 dollars,in millions Existing Master Plan Kumu Hou Master Plan Difference(KamaHou Impact) Develop. Develop. Plan, Onvelop, Plan.permit ne11d Ongoing Plan.permit 66116 Ongoing permit& sell& Ongoing 6 develop operate operation &develop operate operation develop operate operations 6asislrehrenw 2021.2026 2027- 2042 20430 2021-2026 2027- 2042 20430 2021-2026 2027-2042 20430 AVERAGE ANNUAL IN PERIOC Hamill CountyNewrevenues ExbibK 14 SO2 $2.5 $3.6 $0. 8 19.2 015.6 $06 06.6 512.1 New°seem:tures E0010417 50. 02 50.9 $1.3 5005 $3.2 556 $0.03 $2.3 $4. 3 Net ao6ticroirevenues 0, 2 516 $2.3 $0. 8 36.0 $ 10.1 $0. 5 54.4 7. 6 Revenue 0 expenditure 10110 13.7 2. 8 2. 8 16.5 2.9 2. 8 State of Nawal'i New revenues Exhibit 16 520 $12.7 $3.7 59 1 $55 I $16.1 $7. 2 $42.5 $12.4 New expenditures Enni0418 50.03 50.8 $1. 1 50.05 528 54.6 $0.07 $2.1 $3. 6 Nei addltxMal revenues 1.9 $11.9 02.8 590 552.3 $ 11. 4 7.1 $40.4 38.6 Revenue 0 expenditure ratio 69.7 16.6 3. 5 97.1 19.6 3. 5 W4-tettmeta** I Naynnennadie4edbynewn,prndenW.Cwkulatedl rndnl0000M(ad0eawe1nnM)exbednLM0 2 Exduda0onverme tamsonlrnosronsawGET on Oenrhareseeeaomnssons:pewee i10 netexasendCET hornanynpfeer)meetM groundwee BMW.. 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R 1 A, a I Q/ \ a.S a 23 / z a§ t 2 k 2 w= 2 m A A o T N ]N -N § N aR a» a= ]R ]§ .R C E k 2 f_ 2) ff 2) S / f \$ \f \% }) 2) a j § 3a 30 30 a . k a/ k u ao\ 74 -a -a m q\ 2£ a2 4.) $§ a) k k 2§ e" c•SN j N s 2 \ TA 2 Tr ci 2 i 7 § amt)fiS:, § k ,i2} Q « $ § d § 2 Appendix 13: Proposed Sustainability Actions and Guidelines PBR HAWAII & Associates, Inc., May 2021 b O p C c 0. 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JN LL illIcU o H•1 ffiux2'v gc .; c d a -r+ h ° 2Lo_o2 8 3 ° a •Q§ ti g $ c iscdg ovEa ;=y•r b0 00 y vv >° ' 3 e v 0 x ° 3 vc-0 - .. e 57HM004yoa•E d "7 pq L L1 CV z C .E '.. .0 d or >'.c .E O- p pp a. •p p N an `" td E'O 0 W.0 m W o 00 o. cvic m ti v Eag" d 3to a -2-g) taio = a = 5 _ 8" a T 5, o u . - W B 3 w U 000 E m t 2 a i >i v d 3 ° ta> f U V `:cs 0 0. C p G c .. ._ .„8 a.3 7git o a u _ aas000ucU c E > ' 3 0'0 w m c x0. yao ° d • = c x , 3U Eu-0 c1224a2i 2 erttg cv 0. vov€p, v 4E; ett 0 ° p3aiSp > _ N o 2 ; E y • = O V c O A ? 8 72•e $.•5 N 8 ° •a ii Hhtiliflulto• ' : IJII1I c a 3 N g i 5 iacdv aoCEP. 3 m n cZeayhm U. N W y a Appendix 14: HWSC Service Letter Hawaii Water Service, June 2021 o'W4,1 HAWAII WATER SERVICE IP.O. Box 384809 Waikoloa, HI 96738 Tel:(877) 886-7784 toll-freePOSEw June 8, 2021 Mr. Scott Head Waikoloa Development Co. 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive Waikoloa, HI 96738 Re: Kumu Hou Development -Water and Wastewater Availability Dear Mr. Head: Waikoloa Development Co. ("WDC") has inquired with Hawaii Water Service Company ("HWSC")about the availability of potable water and wastewater treatment for the Kumu Hou Development within the Waikoloa Resort. Kumu Hou will comprise 1,189 residential and visitor units at full build out. There will be 25 single- family units and the remaining will be multi-family units broken down into Area A and Area B as further detailed in Exhibit A attached. Based on their plans, the estimated water demand will be 520,900 gpd for the entire project and wastewater flow will be 380,000 gpd. The Waikoloa Resort area is serviced by West Hawaii Utility Company("WHUC"),a subsidiary of Hawaii Water Service Company, Inc. Based on the above estimates WHUC is willing and able to serve Kumu Hou with water and wastewater. As this is only a willingness to serve there is no obligation of WHUC until an Extension Agreement is executed and Contribution in Aid of Construction ("CIAC") is paid. WHUC, and by extension, Hawaii Water Service looks forward to working with Waikoloa Development on this project and any others that may arise in the future. Sincerely, Robert Stout Accounting Manager Quality. Service. Value. 0 C hawaiiwaterservice.com 0 Appendix 15: Site L2 Conceptual Plan and Proposed Access Road PBR HAWAII & Associates, Inc., May 2021 ap i s-1 i i a• vii t lea \ .*/"' •\1'. ' IV -4-*4-11",*\ N ',‘41\ c, ' :-... ,iOik-,. d".41'4- ' *4* a?.i'- 74:• '44'S.' 2 pit e • , ___ ,....„ .--...„. ...... ns., ,,, 4..cttAt. \ ,,, ..,,,,,,/ ,%.- , _. -, 4\ ,a-`` v,... rpp ith f 1;>':* Art '%,, L .4-_-#.e,t ; 4A gip`. S .• j`I.*,; iist 1 `4. '1.\\\, .,:,,....ii-.....,.. 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' r. ,,, . 4i4,141- „,c o 2 p 0„,Place iy Appendix 16: Entitlement Letter from Planning Director Chris Yuen County of Hawai`i, Planning Department, October 2007 Harry Kim 11 Christopher J.Yuen Mayor 3 Director Brad Kurokawa,ASLA LEED®AP tlountg of Pttfurxii Deputy Director PLANNING DEPARTMENT 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 • Hilo,Hawaii 96720-4224 808)961-8288 • FAX(808)961-8742 October 11, 2007 Roy A. Vitousek, III, Esq. CADES SCHUTTE, LLP Kona Office 75-170 Hualalai Road, Suite 303 Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 Steven S.C. Lim, Esq. CARLSMITH BALL, LLP 121 Waianuenue Avenue Hilo, HI 96720 Dear Messrs. Vitousek and Lim: SUBJECT: TMK: 6-9-7-002, 004 AND 005 TIME SHARE DEVELOPMENT IN WAIKOLA BEACH RESORT This letter is a response to your letter of April 23, 2007,questioning our earlier letter of March 6, 2007, and your letter of September 26, 2007. I apologize for the delay in this response. After considering the situation, we will modify our March 6, 2007 letter. In summary: we will not include time share units that are developed as residential units, i.e. with kitchens, in RM zones, as counting toward the 3,000"visitor units" that the 2005 General Plan, at p. 14-55, indicates are the maximum that should be developed in a major resort", when, as is the case with the Waikoloa Beach Resort, the RM zoning and SMA permit were in place prior to the enactment of the 2005 General Plan. We would count hotel rooms and time shares in V zones, with or without kitchens, against the 3,000 visitor unit limit. Given the existing development in V zones in Waikoloa Beach Resort, the development proposed by your client on TMK No. 6-9- 7:04, under current V-1.25 zoning, would not result in this limit being exceeded. Time share development on TMK No. 6- 9-07:05, which is zoned RM, would simply not be counted against the 3,000 visitor unit limit. The time share units in the Hilton Grand Vacation Club, an RM zone, will also not be counted. With respect to TMK No. 6-9-07:02, which is zoned CV, although the zoning permits multifamily units, and would permit a hotel with the consent of the Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. Roy A. Vitousek, III, Esq. Steven S.C. Lim, Esq. Page 2 October 11, 2007 Planning Director, it does not permit time shares. (In a V zone, by contrast, a hotel and time share units" are separately listed as permitted uses.) Please note that if a hotel were permitted in the CV zone, the rooms would count against both the 3,000"visitor unit" limit in the General Plan and the 3,000 hotel room limit in the SMA permit. While time shares should be generally be considered to be"visitor units" under the 2005 General Plan, the General Plan is a guide to other discretionary land use decisions, such as rezonings and SMA permits, and this clause in the 2005 General Plan does not have an independent regulatory effect that would limit time shares that do not need a rezoning or SMA permit to be developed, nor should it be applied to limit the development options that the Waikoloa Beach Resort had under its zoning and SMA permits prior to the 2005 General Plan. The Waikoloa Beach Resort was originally zoned by Ord. 392(April 1971). The 1971 zoning, at maximum density, would have allowed even more than the 3,000 hotel units and 3,430 multi-family units eventually allowed by Planned Development Permit No. 5. The 1971 General Plan, adopted as Ord. 439 in December 1971,contained a"standard" for a "major resort" that it should contain a maximum of 3,000"visitor units", a term that was not further defined or explained.The 1971 General Plan designated "Anaehoomalu" essentially the Waikoloa Beach Resort) as a"major resort". In February 1977, an SMA permit was granted for the Waikoloa Beach Resort allowing the development of up to 3,000 hotel rooms and 3,430 multi-family units. This was followed shortly thereafter by Planned Development Permit No. 5, authorizing the same number. In 1980, the state legislature passed Act 186, now codified as parts of HRS Chap. 514E. This included sec. 514E-5, requiring that the counties regulate the location of time shares, and providing that they could be located in areas designated for hotel and resort use. The Hawaii County Council enacted a resolution,No. 326-82, in 1982, which was apparently applied within the County as a regulation of time shares, although by its terms it applied to transient vacation rentals. The resolution authorized transient vacation rentals within areas designated for resort use by the General Plan, which would include the Waikoloa Beach Resort. At the time of the original zoning for the Waikoloa Beach Resort and SMA permit, and when the 1971 General Plan was enacted, there were no special land use regulations for Roy A. Vitousek, III, Esq. Steven S.C. Lim, Esq. Page 3 October 11, 2007 time shares in Hawaii County. We can only conclude that in those periods a time share unit in an RM zone would not have been counted as a"hotel unit" in either the SMA permit or PDP. (Although this was not asked, we would also have to conclude that a time share in an RM zone, with a kitchen, would not count as a"hotel unit" against the 3,000 hotel room limit in the SMA permit.) We also have to conclude that because the 1971 General Plan was presumably enacted with recognition of the zoning in place at the Waikoloa Beach Resort that multifamily units developed in the RM zones were not considered "visitor units." Time shares were probably not a consideration at all in 1971. The 1989 General Plan changed the wording of the"standard" for a major resort from visitor units"to "hotel and condominium-hotel units." The term"condominium-hotel" is not specifically defined, but we would have to presume it is consistent with the definition in H.R.S. sec. 467-30: a condominium apartment regulated under Chap. 514A used to provide transient lodging for less than thirty days. We did not find any documentation of reasons for the change in the General Plan's wording, but under this definition, the typical time share operation in an RM zone would not be a"condominium- hotel", because the individual units are not owned as condominiums,or a"hotel unit", because a hotel is not a permitted use in an RM zone. In the major revision of the Zoning Code passed in 1996, time shares were explicitly addressed and were permitted in V zones, and in RM zones located within General Plan resort areas, among other locations. Thus, under the 1996 Zoning Code, the development of time shares in the RM zones is a permitted use within the Waikoloa Beach Resort, subject to the limits in the SMA permit for hotels and multi-family units. The 2005 General Plan changed the wording of the standard back from"hotel and condominium-hotel units" to"visitor units." Again, we have found no explanation for the change; it was present in the draft of the General Plan prior to December 2000, so it is not one ofthe changes made after the change in county administration. Again, there is no additional definition of"visitor units." The purpose of the"standard" in the General Plan is to provide an overall limit to the number ofvisitor units within the various types of resort: 3,000 for a major resort, 1,500 for an intermediate resort, 500 for a minor resort, and 50 for a retreat resort. A time share unit, whether in a hotel or in a multifamily building with a kitchen, is clearly visitor- oriented, because it is by definition occupied on a transient and temporary basis. Lending support to the conclusion that a non-hotel unit,such as a time-share, should be considered Roy A. Vitousek, III, Esq. Steven S.C. Lim, Esq. Page 4 October I I, 2007 a"visitor unit"under this section of the General Plan are the statements at p. 14-41, concerning multifamily development, that"resort areas are typically designed with large proportions of multiple family residential units sold as occasional visitor units" emphasis added), and at p. 14-59, "Some visitor units are also available within the Waikoloa Village"(probably referring to time shares within Waikoloa Village.) Because a time share is so visitor-oriented, we conclude that time share units, with or without kitchens, as well as hotel rooms, should be counted as"visitor units" under the 2005 General Plan. We conclude, however, that this does not affect resorts that had zoning and SMA permits prior to the 2005 General Plan,for the reasons that follow. First, the General Plan operates through other discretionary land use decisions, such as rezoning and SMA permits. It does not operate as a direct land use regulation, standing alone. For example, the Planning Department does not cite people for violating sections of the General Plan. Hawaii County Charter sec. 3-15(b)requires that all zoning ordinances implement the General Plan. H.R.S. sec. 205A-26(2)(C) requires that an SMA permit be consistent with the General Plan. Gatri v. Blane, 88 Haw. 108, 962 P.2d 367. Therefore, in reviewing new zoning, or a new SMA permit application, where time share use would be a potential, such as new RM zoning within an area identified as a resort in the General Plan, it would be appropriate to apply the General Plan "visitor unit" limitations. But the County does not specifically regulate time shares in any of land use approvals that would be necessary to develop a time share in the existing RM zones in the Waikoloa Beach Resort. It would not be necessary to disclose whether a building that otherwise conforms to RM zoning would be operated as a time share in a plan approval application or building permit application. As long as the procedures were consistent with state law, a building could be converted to time share use after construction without any new county land use approval. The only point ofregulation is consistency with the Zoning Code. The Planning Department sometimes issues letters at the request of landowners that a time share is or is not allowed at a site,but there is no "time share permit", and so the County does not even have a definitive record of how many time share units are operated in a specific area like the Waikoloa Beach Resort. If such a letter were requested for the RM zones within the Waikoloa Beach Resort, the Planning Department would have to respond that it is allowed by zoning. Second, it is fairly clear under the 1989 General Plan that time shares could have been developed in the RM zones at Waikoloa Beach Resort without being counted in the 3,000 unit "hotel and condominium-hotel" limit. It is our understanding that the master developer had allocated the right to build time share units in RM zones to various landowners within the resort prior to the enactment of the 2005 General Plan, and some business decisions may have been made in reliance on this. Without a clear indication to I Roy A. Vitousek, III, Esq. Steven S.C. Lim, Esq. Page 5 October 11, 2007 the contrary, we would not want to conclude that the 2005 General Plan amendment was intended to limit a significant development option that the resort had previously enjoyed under its major land use approvals. Your letter also asked questions about the PUD permit for parcel 4, PUD No. 13. I mis- spoke at our meeting when I said that when this permit was granted, a PUD was necessary for a hotel. Actually, it was the"Planned Development Permit" that was required; this permit type was abolished in 1983. The PUD permit still exists, but the procedure has changed so that it now an administrative permit, whereas PUD No. 13 was originally approved by the Planning Commission. PUD No. 13 was called a"partial" PUD. Condition No. 2 requires the approval of a full PUD before construction on the lots. Condition No. 3 requires the approval of the Planning Director of a detailed master plan before the submission ofthe application for the full PUD. We have some correspondence in the 1977-78 period between the Waikoloa Beach Resort and the Planning Director regarding the master plan but it does not appear to have been finalized. Because PUD No. 13 is only"partial", your client will have to obtain a"full" PUD, under the procedures in Chap. 25,Article 6, Division 1 of the Hawaii County Code. The PUD will be decided by the Planning Director in accordance with those provisions and those in PUD No. 13. Your client may, in the same application, ask for amendment ofexisting conditions in PUD No. 13. (We would not permit this to proceed by amendment of PUD No. 13 without an application for a PUD, because PUD No. 13 is only a"partial"PUD.) Your client may also apply to void the PUD. In that case, it could apply for a new PUD or develop the property under the normal provisions of the Zoning Code. If the voiding of PUD No. 13 was requested,we would have to analyze what parts of PUD No. 12 covering other parcels) and No. 13 were interdependent; there may be some requirements that would still have to be fulfilled. The Planning Director would make the decision on the voiding of PUD No. 13. If you have any questions, you may contact the Planning Director. Sincerely, CHRISTOPHER J.N Planning Director CJY:pak Wpwin60/Chris 07Nicousek/Lim—Timeshare GP Waikoloa v Roy A. Vitousek, III, Esq. Steven S.C. Lim, Esq. Page 6 October 11,2007 cc: Planning Program Managers Corporation Counsel Mr. Thomas Rohr, Waikoloa Development SMA 25 PBR HAWAII ASSOCIATES, INC. R. STAN DUNCAN, ASLA Presedot Prmrapal July 28, 2021 Ms. Maij a Jackson Planning Department County of Hawai`i 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, HI 96720 RUSSELL Y. I. CHUNG, FASLA. LEEU' AP 13IJ.0 via email: Maija.Jackson@hawaiicounty.gov fXtdutiar Oa, PrePrtiueifxrl VINCENT SHIGEKUNI SC,rro, 1 ice•-Prrsulrr+r '!,r+r< Tref GRANT T MURAKAMI. AICR I.EEI]- AP BD+C Vue-Prrcklcnl: Prirrdpua! TOM SCHNELL, AICP Prurcgrat KIMI IVMIKA,MI YUEN. I.EED' AP EW13.0 Prauriprrrl CATIECUI.LISc3N, A1CP Pr Preopal THOMAS S. WITTEN, FASI.A Cha (man L:Mai1ts W. FRANK BRANI)T, FAS1.A FounchoreParrno- RAYMOND T. HIGA, ASIA Aswriart. Prnu opal MARC SHIMATSV. ASLA issv,eerrrc• Pram.iprrr l)ACHENG 1x)NG. LEEI)' AP late Principal ANN MI KIK() ISOUSLOG. PhD ruler! 1)uerfor RAM SAY R. M- TAUM t'uRrued .Srrstairurbilit). Plantar MICAF[ MCMILLEN, ASLA, LED AP ti<rrdur ; 4nsuc'ialr NATHALIE RAZO h. RACE ZHENG, ASLA, LEEIT GA, SITES' AP Serener.- uoiiam ETSUYO KILA Assurirrre GREG NAKAI Auuree/re SEI.ENA PANG Assnriare 1(01 Rishop Street, Suite6"a1.] Fiun(+hilu• Haw 9!,31:3-3-IR•1 el: , s2I-5631 1• xrss<i :23-]44.12 E-mail: sy-sadmin pbrluaivaii-cum printed nae a -cc sled paperr SUBJECT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY'S SMA AND COZ PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA Dear Ms. Jackson: Thank you very much for your July 21, 2021 email to Mr. Sidney Fuke, listing issues for which the Planning Department seeks clarification prior to processing Waikoloa Land Company's Special Management Area and Change of Zone applications (the Application) for the Kumu Hou project in Waikoloa Beach Resort, `Anaeho`omalu, South Kohala. We are pleased to provide the following responses on behalf of our client and the applicant in this matter, Waikoloa Land Company (WLC, or the Applicant). 1. Entitled and development residential units in the petition area covered by LUC Docket A89-637, in which Kumu Hou is located. In 1990, the Land Use Commission (LUC) reclassified approximately 853.2 acres, known as the mauka area of Waikoloa Beach Resort (the Resort), from Agricultural to Urban, effectively adding this area to the 500 acres that the LUC had urbanized in 1968. Beginning on page 6 of LUC Docket A89-637, items 14 and 15, the LUC's Decision and Order stated that the County "Zoning allowed for the development of 3,000 hotel rooms and 3,430 residential units on the 500 -acre parcel." (The 500 -acre parcel is the makai area of the Resort.) It noted further that the residential units would be reduced to 3,365 units and spread over the entire Resort, including the reclassified mauka area. The petitioner represented that of these 3,365 units about 1,605 units would be developed within the 500 -acre parcel with about 1,600 to 1760 units within the mauka area. Subsequently, in conjunction with the rezoning and issuance of a 1991 amendment to SMA Permit 25, it was further represented that the Resort's mauka area would consist of 1,604 residential units. (See also #4, below.) The Kumu Hou project falls within this 1,604 -unit count. The enclosed Figures 1 and 2 provide map and table summaries of the permitted, planned, and developed residential units in the ±853.2 -acre mauka area of the Resort. Under the Resort's current master plan, the mauka area would include 1,571 residential units at full buildout (Figure 1). With the changes proposed in the Application for Kumu Hou, the mauka area would include 1,509 residential units at full buildout (Figure 2). PLANING - LANDSCAPE .ARCHITECTURE - ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES - ENTITLEMENTS PER.IITTING - GRAPHIC DESIGN Ms. Maij a Jackson SUBJECT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY'S SMA AND COZ PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA July 28, 2021 Page 2 2. Conservation easements and the Kings' Course: Page 8, item 17 of LUC Docket A89- 637 references a buffer area within the mauka area of the Resort, along Queen Ka` ahumanu Highway. This buffer is to be preserved in perpetuity through a conservation easement. The easement would extend makai from the highway right-of-way to an average depth of 800 feet, within which the first 200 feet are for natural open space and the area between 200 feet and 800 feet is comprised of open space with golf courses ( and certain other infrastructure and other features noted) as the only use. The Resort has been planned and developed in conformance with these restrictions, but none of the former Kings' Course fairway areas proposed to be converted under Kumu Hou are or will be encumbered by any part of the Queen Ka`ahumanu setback easement that owner Waikoloa Development Co. will dedicate. The setback required by the LUC totals 237 acres, of which 178 were originally proposed to be comprised of golf course areas, as shown on page 8 of the LUC Docket, as you reference. To date, however, Waikoloa has effectively served the majority of this commitment with natural open space; and it plans to continue to do so. Waikoloa Development Co. intends to provide a formal legal easement binding these and other lands at the time of final subdivision of the properties along this frontage area. The attached Figure 3 shows that areas expected to be committed to this easement include 216 acres, largely within the 800 foot setback (dark green areas on the figure.) The balance of ±21 acres will be achieved through some combination or portions of the additional three areas shown in yellow on the attached map. To reconfirm, none of the golf course areas proposed for conversion under Kumu Hou are, or are planned to be, encumbered by the planned conservation easement(s). Likewise, none of the proposed structures associated with Kumu Hou would be located on lands encumbered by such conservation easement(s). 3. Controlling entitlement for number of units: PBR HAWAII and the Applicant recognize that the proposed Kumu Hou project must adhere to representations and pertinent conditions of the 1990 LUC Docket A89-637, including its Decision and Order, and as further defined by SMA Permit 25, as amended, which references up to 1,604 residential units in the mauka Resort area. 4. Residential units in the mauka area as referenced in 1991 amendment to SMA 25: A 1991 amendment to SMA 25 referenced 1,604 units to be developed in the "expansion area." This area has been understood to correspond to the ±853.2 -acre mauka area, or the same area for which LUC Docket A89-637 specified residential capacities of "about 1,600 to 1,760 units" as noted above. Figures 1 and 2, described above, show the location of existing, permitted, and proposed residential units within this area, with buildouts of fewer than 1,604 residential units under the Resort's existing master plan, and as proposed to be amended by Kumu Hou. Ms. Maij a Jackson SUBJECT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY'S SMA AND COZ PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA July 28, 2021 Page 3 5. Why SMA 25 is proposed to be amended: The Applicant is seeking to withdraw Kumu Hou from SMA 25 and to establish three new SMA permits for these withdrawn areas. The intent of the new permits is to support separate governance structures and conditions that will be relevant to differing development plans and ownership anticipated for each of the three areas. It is also hoped that these separate SMAs will facilitate the County's management of these areas and allow the establishment of conditions that are most relevant to each. 6. Other matters: a. Digital maps and diagrams — The figures noted above are attached to this letter in PDF format. Via separate email due to their size, I'll be transmitting 11x17 -formatted digital (PDF) versions of the same figures. b. Removal of additional golf course permits from SMA 25 — As noted in Ms. Eleanor Mirikitani's May 12, 2020 letter to Planning Director Michael Yee, neither the Applicant nor JPL Hawai`i, owner of the `Ainamalu property, intend to pursue the third or fourth golf courses at the Resort that were previously permitted under SMA 25. In fact, it is the Applicant's understanding that since the associated time extensions for such development have expired, the landowners no longer hold such rights. However, the Applicant would have no objection if references to these further two golf courses were removed from SMA 25. c. New survey — Thank you for pointing out various discrepancies in the metes and bounds materials originally provided with the Application. R.M. Towill has updated those materials. Accompanying, please find revised updated materials, which were informally submitted earlier, on July 12. d. Job creation — We understand some have expressed concerns about the magnitude of operationalj obs expected to be created over time. At buildout, estimated to be in 2043, Kumu Hou is expected to directly support about 470 full-time jobs. While most of these directjobs would be within the Resort, some would be located elsewhere on the Big Island or elsewhere in the State. These could include persons who help to sell timeshare units and the planned single-family lots, as well as those who will be needed to operate the new facilities, including the refreshed clubhouse, parks, and trails. Other direct impacts of Kumu Hou will support jobs in the airline, rental car, activities, and restaurant industries in the State. Even without the entitlements proposed herein, the lands proposed for Kumu Hou is estimated to support about 120 full-time jobs, based on the 264 timeshare units already fully entitled on the property. By 2043, Kumu Hou is also expected to support about 610 "indirect and induced" jobs statewide, about 465 more than under the existing master plan. Indirect jobs include a myriad of opportunities throughout the State' s economy that the businesses of Kumu Hou will support. These include opportunities for farmers, fishermen, chefs, entertainers, wholesale suppliers, and many other types of employment or entrepreneurship. Induced jobs are even more diverse, as these include the numerous opportunities supported throughout the State when employees of Kumu Hou spend Ms. Maij a Jackson SUBJECT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY'S SMA AND COZ PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA July 28, 2021 Page 4 their earnings, pay their taxes, and engage others. Induced jobs could thus include public school teachers, fire fighters, nonprofit service providers, doctors, lawyers, other professionals, business executives ... just about every type of job we see in the islands. Again, while many of these jobs will be located on the Big Island, many others will be distributed statewide. In summary, the 1,000 jobs that have been referenced for Kumu Hou include positions of myriad types, with some to be based on-site, and many others distributed throughout the State, and these positions will emerge over the coming decades. We greatly appreciate your and your staff' s review of and attention to this Application. We trust that with these additional submittals, the Applications can be deemed complete and accepted. If not, please let us know how we may provide any additional follow up. Thank you very much. Sincerely, Ann M. Bouslog Proj ect Director Enclosures Cc: Mr. Scott Head Mr. Sidney Fuke Required area per LUC89-637 acres) MI 131 Kumu Hou AreaB fronta!e=M// WaikoIoa BeachDr. N V011g 101121==!=13111 Potential additional setbackareas: Total DATE: 7/ 27/2021 Figure 3 Conceptual Highway Setback Areas Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Waikoloa Land Company North Linear Scale (feet) 0 500 1 000 2 000 Island of Hawaii ITii PER HAWAII ASSOCIATES. INC. Mr. Zenda Kern, DirectorPlanning Department COUNTY OF HA WAI'I 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, HI 96720 ATTN: Ms. Maija Jackson Dear Kem: November 4, 2021SUBJECT: KUMUHOU ATWAIKOLOA APPLICANT: W AIKO LOA LAND COMPANY TAX MAP KEY: 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 {POR.), 028 {POR.), 029 {POR.), 031 {POR.), and 033 This is to follow up on Ms. Maija Jackson's conversation with our planning consultant, Sidney Fuke regarding the application's representation of having curbs, gutters, and sidewalks along at least two (2) roads within the requested area. Thank you for giving us this opportunity toshare our position on this matter. Please be informed that notwithstanding their reflection in the concept master plan and traffic assessment, it was and continues to be our intent to have the roadway infrastructure developed in a manner consistent with the Resmi Standards outlined in the Subdivision Code. Assuch, while we know the Code does not preclude having curb, gutter, and sidewalk, we wouldlike to reserve that as an option as opposed to a mandate. That would enable us to have the remaining areas developed in a manner consistent with the resmi's overall functional and design ambiance. Again, we appreciate and thank you for your and your staffs cooperation and assistance throughout this process. Should you have fmiher questions on this application, please feel free tocontact our planners, Ms. Ann Bouslag and Mr. Sid Fuke, or me. Since�.r-- SCO��AD Vice President of Operations 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive • Waikoloa, Hawaii 96738 • Phone (808) 886-1000 • Fax (808) 886-8896 Mr. Zenda Kern, Director Planning Deprutment COUNTY OF HA WAI'I 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, HI 96720 ATTN: Ms. Maija Jackson Dear Mr. Kern: SUBJECT: KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA -UPDATED TIAR APPLICANT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY TAX MAP KEY: 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), and 033 This is to follow up on Ms. Maija Jackson's conversation with our planning consultant, Sidney Fuke regarding the submittal of an updated Traffic Impact Analysis Repo1t (TIAR). The Applicant notes that in its Traffic Study as well as in response to the State Deprutment of Transp01tation's (DOT) comments, it represented that it would be "prepared to submit an updated TIAR or TIR as required, at some point beyond the five-year period." That commitment still remains. However, because the project will be developed in phases, with the first projected occupancies not anticipated until after 2027, it would be more meaningful to have any updates tailored to real construction activity rather than an arbitrruy fixed time. This was a concept reflected in the conditions of the recently-approved Palamanui Project District. The Applicant's response to DOT also noted that the Level of Service will continue to operate at acceptable levels with or without the project by 2030. Fmther, at the anticipated project completion in 2045, "89% of the increase in Highway use is anticipated to be the result of 'regional' and not 'project-generated' growth." Accordingly, the Applicant believes that the reasonable trigger for an updated TIAR should be prior to issuance of Plan Approval of the 400th unit of the 900 planned units, which represents less than 50% of the Project District area. Appropriate mitigations can then be recommended and implemented. It should be noted that the Land Use Commission's (LUC) order affecting the subject area required that if mitigation is required, it should be based on a prorata assessment and not be duplicated by any County pro-rata or fair share assessment. It is impo1tant, however, that like the County's fair share assessment approach, there is an equally equitable, timely, and implementable mechanism at the State level. Sh01t of that, the project could be unnecessru-ily stalled. 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive • Waikoloa, Hawaii 96738 • Phone (808) 886-1000 • Fax (808) 886-8896 BEFORE THE LAND USE COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII In the Matter of the Petition of ) ) ATPAC LAND CO. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, ) WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT co., and ) WAIKOLOA LAND & CATTLE CO. ) To Amend the Agricultural Land Use District Boundary into the Urban Land Use District for Approximately 853.187 Acres at Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaii, Tax Map Key Nos.: 6-8-01: portion of 26, portion of 32, 33, 34 and portion of 35 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) _________________ ) FINDINGS OF FACT, DOCKET NO. A89-637 ATPAC LAND CO. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT co., and WAIKOLOA LAND & CATTLE co. .. r- "" v,z ... -.;l.:) ~c -,..,.~V, "-> '· 1 rTI c..--'c·) ""' . ll (:) ..,, :,:; :i:: "-V ~~ ::ii: ».,!Jl • =!!! ~ i CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, AND DECISION AND ORDER BEFORE THE LAND USE COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII In the Matter of the Petition of ) ) ATPAC LAND CO, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, ) WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO., and ) WAIKOLOA LAND & CATTLE CO. ) To Amend the Agricultural Land Use District Boundary into the Urban Land Use District for Approximately 853.187 Acres at Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaii, Tax Map Key Nos.: 6-8-01: portion of 26, portion of 32, 33, 34 and portion of 35 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) _________________ ) FINDINGS OF FACT, DOCKET NO, A89-637 ATPAC LAND CO. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO., and WAIKOLOA LAND & CATTLE co. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW, AND DECISION AND ORDER ATPAC LAND CO. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a Texas limited partnership, WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO., a Hawaii limited partnership, and WAIKOLOA LAND & CATTLE CO., a Hawaii limited partnership, (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Petitioner") filed a Petition on February 27, 1989, and amendments to Petition on April 28, 1989, June 9, 1989, and July 14, 1989, pursuant to Chapter 205, Hawaii Revised statutes, and the Hawaii Land Use Commission Rules, Chapter 15-15, Hawaii Administrative Rules, to amend the land use district boundary for approximately 853.187 acres of land, Hawaii Tax Map Key Nos.: 6-8-01: portion of 26, portion of 32, 33, 34 and portion of 35, situate at Waikoloa, South Kohala, Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii, (hereinafter the "Property") from the Agricultural District to the Urban District. The Land Use Commission of the State of Hawaii (hereinafter the "Commission") having heard and examined the testimony, evidence and argument of counsel presented during the hearings, the stipulated proposed findings of fact, conclusions of law, and decision and order, does hereby make the following findings of fact and conclusions of law: FINDINGS OF FACT PROCEDURAL MATTER 1. The Commission conducted hearings on the Petition on August 10 and 11, and October 5, 1989, pursuant to notices published on July 3, 1989, in the Honolulu Advertiser and the Hawaii Tribune-Herald, newspapers of general circulation. 2, The Commission did not receive any request for intervention in the Petition. 3. The Commission allowed Matthew Bailey, Peter L'Orange, James Sanbei, Clyde Imada, Representative Mike O'Kieffe, Noelani Whittington, Peter Young, Neele Schultz, Joe Spielman, Elaine Flores, Robert Hoffman and Mike Luce to testify as public witnesses on August 10, 1989, Written comments and communications were received into evidence by the Commission from the following persons and organizations: Big Island Business Council (Mike Luce, President), Kohala Coast Resort Association (Noelani Whittington, Executive Director), Council Spencer K. Schutte, Hawaii Leeward Planning Conference (Peter L'Orange, President), Waimea-Kawaihae Community Association (Peter T. Young, President), Waikoloa Village -2 - Association (Robert Allen Hoffman, Vice President and Director), Kona-Kohala Chamber of Commerce (Peter T. Young, President), Hawaii Island Contractors' Association (Harold Okuhama, President), Elizabeth Ann stone, Kana Transportation Company, Incorporated (Albert Shiotsuka, Vice President), Big Island Chapter of the Hawaii Visitors Bureau, Big Island Baptist Association (Reverend James Y. Sanbei), Bill Graham, Clyde Imada, Clyde Nagata, Representative Mike O'Kieffe, Neele Schultz, Joe Spielman, and the Big Island Fleet Safety Organization (Michael Leite). 4. on October 5, 1989, Petitioner withdrew its request for an in-camera inspection of its financial statements. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY 5. The Property is located mauka of the existing Waikoloa Beach Resort and makai of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway. To the north of the Property is the Mauna Lani Resort. Twenty-four miles south of the Property is the town of Kailua-Kona, a major population center and resort on the Island of Hawaii. The project is part of Waikoloa, a planned development consisting of approximately 31,000 acres divided by the Queen Kaahumanu Highway into two planning areas. The mauka portion of Waikoloa includes the Waikoloa Village and the makai portion is the Waikoloa Beach Resort. 6. The Property consists of approximately 853.187 acres of land and is almost in its entirety barren lava field, -3 - devoid of vegetation. Approximately 21 acres are currently occupied by the seventh and eighth holes and golf maintenance facility of the existing makai golf course. A central parking facility occupies approximately 5.8 acres as a portion of the common areas. About 177 acres are designated for a second 18-hole golf course, currently under construction pursuant to a conditional use permit issued by the County of Hawaii (hereinafter the "County"). Another 2.3 acres are being used as a nursery, and 7.8 acres are preserved as archaeological reserves. 7. The general topography of the Property is relatively flat (generally 1 percent to 3 percent slope) throughout the site with no prominent variation in elevations except for a 15-25 foot high bluff which bisects the Property in a mauka-makai direction. Elevations range from 15 feet at the King's Trail, near the southern boundary, to approximately 170 feet above sea level, at the Queen Kaahumanu Highway near the northeastern boundary. The project area is composed of lava flows that probably resulted from eruptions of the Mauna Loa volcano. 8. The United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service has identified and mapped two different soil types within the Property: aa lava flow (mapped as rLV) and pahoehoe lava flow (rLW). The northern end of the Property consists of a prominent flow, known as the Kaniku lava flow, and is composed of aa lava. The edge of this flow forms a -4 - bluff that rises about 15-25 feet above the older pahoehoe flow. The aa lava is a rough and broken mass of clinkery, hard, glass-sharp pieces piled in tumbled heaps. The remainder of the Property is composed of pahoehoe lava which has a billowy, glassy surface that is relatively smooth forming fissures, cracks, and collapsed lava tubes. 9. The Property is rated in terms of soil capability for agriculture potential as follows: Rating System Land study Bureau of the University of Hawaii - Overall Productivity Rating United states Dept. of Agriculture -Land Capability Classification Agricultural Land of Importance to the State of Hawaii (ALISH) Rating Entire Property is "E" (lowest) Entire Property is VIII (very severe limitations) Entire Property is not classified 10. The Property has been designated Zone X, an area determined to be outside the 500-year flood plain, on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (1982), Localized flooding as a result of intense rainfall events is essentially non-existent. When intermittent flows do occur in the upland areas, the water infiltrates into the porous lava before reaching the shoreline. 11. The Property's location on the flank of Mauna Loa places the Property in "Overall Volcanic Risk Zone E" (risk increases from A through F), but Dames and Moore -5 - (December 1969) concluded that the risk of damage from new lava flows within the next 100 years is remote. 12. The Property is located in one of the driest areas in the state. Average annual rainfall is 10.65 inches. Monthly means range from 2,63 inches in January to 0.14 inch in July. The mean annual temperature is 78 degrees Fahrenheit with relatively small seasonal fluctuations. Wind velocities average seven to eight miles per hour. 13. The Property is owned in fee simple by the Petitioner entities in the following manner: Atpac Land Co. Limited Partnership Waikoloa Development Co. Waikoloa Land & cattle co. Lot 3 (File Plan 1712) 2 (File Plan 1712) B R-1 (File Plan 1712) 4 (File Plan 1712) Less King's Trail and Forerunner King's Trail Easement Areas Tax Map Key No. 6-8-01: 33 6-8-01: por. 6-8-01: par. 6-8-01: par. 6-8-01: 34 TOTAL 32 35 26 Area (Acres) 17.423 103.535 726.947 7.959 2.681 858.548 (5.358)* 853.187 * King's Trail Easement affecting Lot 2, Band R-1 and Forerunner King's Trail Easement together with land lying between King's Trail affecting Lot B, aggregate area 5,358 acres, are not made part of the Petition. PROPOSAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT 14. In 1968, the Commission approved the reclassification of approximately 500 acres of land at Anaehoomalu Bay and Waiulua Bay from the Conservation District -6 - into the Urban District for the development of the Waikoloa Beach Resort, makai of the subject area. In 1977, the County issued a Special Management Area Permit for the Waikoloa Beach Resort extending to the Queen Kaahumanu Highway which included the 500-acre parcel. Zoning allowed for the development of 3,000 hotel rooms and 3,430 residential units on the 500-acre parcel. About 240 of the 500 acres of land have been developed and currently include the 543-room Royal Waikoloan Hotel, the 1,243-room Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel, the 120-unit Shores at Waikoloa condominium, and the Waikoloa Beach Resort golf course. 15. Petitioner's original request for development proposed the following: Land Use Revised Master Plan Resort Residential Commercial Golf Course Preservation Area Roads/Common Areas Area in acres 252.7 11.1 532.8 7.8 48.8 853.2 Planned Units 1,760 3 3 2 Density 7 The above proposal reduces the density of the 500-acre parcel by restricting total development to 3,365 residential units for the entire Waikoloa Beach Resort development area of 1,353.187 acres. Petitioner represented that the proposed resort residential units would be situated no closer than 300 to 400 feet makai of Queen Kaahumanu Highway. 16. In response to concerns raised by the Office of State Planning on the visual impact of the proposed project on the surrounding environment, Petitioner revised its -7 - master plan. Petitioner's revised plan reduces the density of the 3 1 430 residential units allowed for the 500-acre parcel by restricting total development of the 1,353.187-acre Waikoloa Beach Resort to 3,365 residential units. About 1,605 residential units will be developed within the 500-acre parcel in the existing Urban district and about 1,600 to 1,760 units are proposed to be developed on the Property which is located mauka of the 500-acre parcel. Also proposed are three golf courses covering about 501.9 acres of land, 8 acres of land for commercial use, and 7.8 acres of archaeological preserves. No hotels are proposed on the Property. The revised land use plan for the Property is as follows: Land Use 1,600-1,760 Resort Residential Units 1 Commercial Unit 3 Golf Courses Portion of Golf Course subject to Conservation Easement Natural Open Space subject to Conservation Easement Preservation Area Roads/Common Areas Area (acres) (178.0) 226.1 8.0 501.9 59.0 7.8 50.4 853.2 17. Petitioner proposes to establish a buffer along the boundary of the Property fronting the Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of-way to preserve the open space and scenic views. This buffer area shall be preserved in perpetuity through the establishment of a conservation easement pursuant to Chapter 198, Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS), as amended, or -8 - such other means as shall be reviewed and approved by the Office of State Planning of the state of Hawaii. 18. Petitioner proposes that the buffer area shall extend makai of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of-way to a depth of approximately eight hundred (800) feet. The first two hundred (200) feet of the buffer area shall be comprised of natural open space. The buffer area extending between two hundred (200) feet and eight hundred (800) feet from the Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of-way shall be comprised of open space with golf courses as the only use. Golf related recreational, maintenance, parking, and other obtrusive structures shall not be allowed within the conservation easement except for infrastructure improvements, corridors, or entry features that may be necessary to service the developed portions of the Property. The depth of the buffer area may vary and the actual boundary lines of the buffer area may meander to a lesser or greater depth to accommodate the project's development plan on the Property and preservation of natural open space and scenic views so long as the average depth is eight hundred (800) feet. 19. The proposed development of the Property is a long term project as an integral part of the overall Waikoloa Beach Resort development, the completion year for which is scheduled to be the year 2006. Commencement of development on the Property, after all land use approvals are obtained, is scheduled for 1991-1995. -9 - 20. Petitioner estimates that the development cost of the proposed project on the Property will be approximately $532 million based on 1989 dollars. Projected development costs include the cost for the residential units, commercial facilities, three golf courses, and other recreational and open space amenities and infrastructure. PETITIONER'S FINANCIAL CAPABILITY TO UNDERTAKE THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 21. Petitioner's Balance Sheet indicates the following: a. The Balance Sheet of Petitioner Atpac Land Co. Limited Partnership for the period ending April 30, 1989 listed total assets of $5,333,484, and liabilities of $45,342,476 (including partners' deficit of $40,008,992). b. The Balance Sheet of Waikoloa Development Co. for the period ending April 26, 1989 listed total assets and liabilities (including capital) of $130,127,646. c. The Balance Sheet of Waikoloa Land & cattle Co. for the period ending April 26, 1989 listed total assets and liabilities (including capital) of $130,244,002. 22. According to Petitioner, the ORIX Corporation, in April 1989, has invested twenty-seven percent limited minority interest in the Petitioner. ORIX Corporation is the largest leasing company in the world and is based in Tokyo, Japan. 23. Petitioner intends to finance the proposed development on the Property as it has in the past: through -10- proceeds from sale of land to qualified developers who develop in a manner consistent with Petitioner's master plan; through Petitioner's equity and an established line of credit when infrastructure improvements are required in advance of sales; and through joint venture with developers as in the cases of the Royal Waikoloan and the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa developments in which the Petitioner and/or related entities have partnership interests. 24. To ensure compliance with the Petitioner's master plan, conditions, covenants, and restrictions will be included in the deed for any future land transaction. Consequently, the buyer's development plans must be approved by the Petitioner. STATE AND COUNTY PLANS AND PROGRAMS 25. The Property is located within the state Land Use Agricultural District as reflected on Land Use District Boundary Map H-15, Puu Hinai. 26. The Hawaii County General Plan identifies the Waikoloa Beach Resort area of which the Property is a part as a Major Resort Area. 27, The Hawaii County General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide (LUPAG) Map currently designates the Property as Extensive Agriculture, but the County Planning Department has initiated a change for redesignation of the Property to Urban Expansion Area which may include resort developments or portions thereof. However, specific settlement patterns and mix uses have yet to be determined. -11- 28. current County Zoning for the Property is Unplanned (U). Changes in the zoning will be necessary for implementation of the proposed development. 29. The Property is located within the County's Special Management Area. 30. The Property is located within a designated visitor destination area as identified by the state Tourism Functional Plan Technical Reference Document. NEED FOR THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT 31. Petitioner's market study indicates that the state Department of Business and Economic Development projects State visitor counts to increase from 5.8 million in 1987 to 7.8 million in 1995 and 10.2 million in 2005. Total island of Hawaii visitors could be as high as 2.2 million in the year 2005. 32. The West Hawaii region, encompassing the judicial districts of North Kohala, South Kohala, and North Kona, is expected to continue its rapid growth on the island of Hawaii. Attributed largely to tourism and resort development, the May 1988 Office of State Planning draft of the West Hawaii Plan estimates 32,000 resort residential and hotel units approved or proposed in the region. 33. Petitioner seeks Urban reclassification of the Property which would constitute an 853.2-acre expansion of the existing 500-acre Waikoloa Beach Resort and provide for a -12- better Waikoloa Beach Resort product to meet changing market demands as follows: a. A lower overall development density would be achieved for the resort because Petitioner proposes to maintain essentially the same number of units initially proposed for the existing 500-acre resort but spread over a 1,353.187-acre area. b. More open space and additional recreational facilities of three golf courses would be provided for the resort. c. with more open space and lower density, the proposed resort project would be a quality development and compatible with the rural character and ambiance of the Kohala Coast area. 34. Petitioner's market consultant stated that a major market change that has occurred since the 1970's is a very definite trend all over the country toward lower density, golf oriented, and higher quality resort environments. 35. An improved market support for the proposed development on the Property, as an integral part and expansion of Waikoloa Beach Resort, is indicated. The major change in the market for Waikoloa and for West Hawaii in general has been the opening of the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel which appears to have provided the needed catalyst and critical mass vital to Waikoloa and West Hawaii for credibility as a destination area. 36. Other significant developments proposed for West Hawaii are the Ritz-Carlton Hotel at Mauna Lani, the Princess -13- Hotel at Kaupulehu, and the Westin Hotel at Hapuna Beach which developments would vastly increase the marketing networks and visibility of the West Hawaii region. 37. Petitioner's market consultant projects that the average condominium sales will range from 100 to 150 units per year with cumulative demand for about 3,470 units by 2010 for Waikoloa Beach Resort. The achievable prices are expected to range from about $220,000 to $425,000 for the clustered units and up to $325,000 for the townhouse type units. 38. Petitioner's market consultant projects sales of resort residential lots of about 30 to 50 lots per year for a total demand of about 850 lots by 2010 which could more than absorb the 600 lots proposed under the Petitioner's plan. This projection is based on a market concept emphasizing lot sizes of 10,000 to 14,000 square feet with golf course frontage priced at about $100,000 to $240,000 per lot. 39. Golf course has become a very critical element in resort planning and an absolute necessity as an integral part of resort development. 40. The popularity of golf is rapidly increasing. The National Golf Foundation estimates that the number of golfers in the United States will increase to about 31 million persons by the year 2000. The demand generated by the increase in golfers in the country would require providing one golf course per day from now to the year 2000. -14- 41. Petitioner's market consultant estimates demand for about 320 rounds of golf per day by 1990 and up to about 730 rounds per day by 2005 at Waikoloa Beach Resort. Based on 175 rounds per day per course, the demands in 1990 and 2005 would support two and four golf courses, respectively, at the Waikoloa Beach Resort. 42. Petitioner's market consultant estimates that about 60,000 square feet of commercial area for resort commercial facilities at the Waikoloa Beach Resort would be supportable by 1990 and about 200,000 square feet of commercial area would be supportable by 2010. To provide for such commercial area would require about 23 acres of land. The Petitioner proposes about 20 acres for commercial uses at four sites at the Waikoloa Beach Resort, 8 acres of which are to be located on the Property. IMPACT UPON RESOURCES OF THE AREA Agricultural Resources 43. The Property consists of barren lava field devoid of vegetation except in the developed areas. 44, The State Department of Agriculture does not foresee any adverse impacts upon agricultural resources of the area or upon the plans, programs and activities of the Department resulting from the approval and subsequent construction of the proposed development on the Property. -15- Historical/Archaeological Resources 45. The State Department of Land and Natural Resources Historic sites Section noted several historic sites within or near the Property to include Ke Ahu A Leno (shrine), the Forerunner Trail, the King's Trail, several acres of abrader quarries, and the petroglyph area. Only the abrader quarry and petroglyph preservation areas, and possibly the shrine, are within the Property. The Forerunner Trail and the King's Trail are not made part of the Petition. The other significant historic sites within the Property have undergone archaeological data recovery, under carefully prepared plans approved by the County of Hawaii's Planning Department and the state's Historic sites Section. 46. An archaeological summary report covering surveys of the Property and adjoining areas was prepared by Petitioner's consultant, Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. The archaeological consultant recommended five sites as historic site preserves as follows: Forerunner Trail, King's Trail, petroglyph area, abrader-area and Ke Ahu A Leno Shrine which preserves have been established. 47. The King's Trail and Forerunner Trail are exclusions from the Property and not a part of the Petition and only a portion of the Ke Ahu A Leno Shrine is within the Property. Interpretative development of the Shrine and abrader area are in progress and the interpretative signs for those preserves are scheduled to be completed in 1989. -16- 48. The Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) believes that the development proposed in the Petition will have no adverse impact on significant historic sites. However, DLNR recommends that the preservation areas set aside will be maintained in accordance with the agreed upon preservation plans and that the Historic Sites Section shall periodically monitor the preservation areas on behalf of the Commission. 49. Petitioner states that in the event archaeological remains are uncovered during the course of constructing the proposed development on the Property, work will immediately cease and the appropriate governmental agencies will be notified. Flora and Fauna 50. A botanical survey of the Property was conducted by George L. Linney and Winona P. Char, botanical consultants. The survey reported that the Property was almost in its entirety barren lava field, devoid of vegetation. Depauperate vegetation was present where bulldozers had cleared and leveled roads and also as weedy contaminants where landscape plantings were maintained. 51. The survey found that only 109 species of vascular plants were found on the site, a low number for an area of the size of the Property. Many of these were restricted to the nursery area and its environs. Exotic weeds or deliberately introduced plants numbered 104 species (95%), -17- while only 5 species (5%) were native or presumed-native. None of the species found on the site are officially listed as endangered or threatened; nor are any species proposed or candidate for such status. 52. A faunal survey of the Property was conducted by Petitioner's biology consultant, Phillip L. Bruner. The survey concluded that: a. The present habitat is extremely barren and inhospitable to birds and mammals. Adjacent lands, both those that have been developed and those that are undeveloped but possess suitable bird and mammal habitat, provide an indication of the potential faunal communities this site could harbor if it had a suitable environment. b. The proposed development would create a vastly more diversified habitat than presently exists. This would result in a dramatic increase in the avifauna and feral mammal communities on the Property. The diversity of these faunal communities would be somewhat proportionate to the diversity of habitat that is created by the development. Any change of the present habitat on the Property would increase its usefulness to birds and mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Visual Impacts 53. Nearly sixty percent of the Property will be encompassed by three golf courses, which will contribute to the open space character of the project. -18- 54. Petitioner's revised master plan for the Property provides for a natural open space buffer area extending 200 feet makai from the Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of-way and an additional open space buffer area extending 600 feet makai from the natural open space buffer area for golf course use only. Noise Impacts 55. A noise impact evaluation for the proposed development on the Property was conducted by Petitioner's acoustical consultant, Darby and Associates. According to the evaluation, the proposed development will involve an increase in temporary construction-related noise, permanent increase in traffic noise, golf course maintenance noise and noise generated from resort and commercial operation. 56. According to Petitioner's acoustical consultant, noise from equipment associated with ground maintenance activities, including lawn mowers and leaf blowers, could have an adverse impact on the proposed and the nearby residential neighborhood particularly when the equipment is near the housing. Noisy equipment is also incompatible and disruptive with golf play, as well. 57. The acoustical consultant states that in order to comply with the Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") criteria, proposed residential units on the Property in the vicinity of Queen Kaahumanu Highway would require a set-back of about 390 to 570 feet from the centerline of the highway under the worst case Type A topography where direct -19- sound path is either hard surface or greater than 9 feet above the ground such that no significant ground absorption exists. 58. Under Petitioner's revised master plan, a meandering 800-foot open space buffer area makai of the highway right-of-way is proposed where no residential units will be built. 59. The noise impact evaluation also states that with a set-back distance of about 50 feet from Waikoloa Beach Drive, the proposed residential units which are located away from the Queen Kaahumanu Highway but along the Waikoloa Beach Drive would comply with HUD criteria and would not be significantly impacted by the traffic noise along Waikoloa Beach Drive. 60. There are no quantitative noise regulations in Hawaii County which apply to maintenance and equipment operations. The acoustical consultant states that the noise from ground maintenance operations should not cause "unreasonable" or "excessive" noise as defined in the State Department of Health (DOH) noise regulations (Reference 5). The consultant recommends that all equipment powered by internal combustion engines should have exhaust mufflers. Schedules should be developed so noisier maintenance operations do not occur near residences before 7 a.m. The noise from ground maintenance operations should not cause "unreasonable" or "excessive" noise as defined in Reference 5. 61. It is the opinion of the acoustical consultant that operations of stationary equipment and other resort and -20- commercial operations would not cause "unreasonable" or "excessive" noise as defined in Reference 5 of the DOH regulations. 62. It is anticipated that the noise generated during construction will exceed allowable limits under Reference 5 of the DOH regulations. If Hawaii County adopts the DOH regulations, construction can proceed under permit from the DOH subject to conditions imposed by the DOH. Air Quality 63. Petitioner's air quality consultant, J. w. Morrow, states that the principal source of short-term air quality impact will be the construction activity at the Property. The potential for fugitive dust due to the dry climate and fine soils can be mitigated by adequate dust control measures during the construction period such as frequent watering of unpaved roads and areas of exposed soil. 64. Based on an analysis of automotive emissions, the air quality consultant finds and concludes that there will be relatively small increases of pollutant concentrations over the 1988-2006 period with or without the proposed development on the Property and that the ambient air quality will comply with State and Federal 1-hour carbon monoxide standards. 65. The proposed development on the Property will increase electrical demand which in turn will cause more fuel to be burned and more pollutants to be emitted into the air. -21- The air quality consultant states that ambient air quality standards are predicted to be met despite the increased emissions. Water Quality 66. Surface and subsurface water quality impacts may be generated from the application of fertilizers and pesticides, and from the potential movement of these chemicals as a component of surface water runoff, and/or groundwater recharge. Fertilizers comprised of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are commonly applied to golf courses as a source of essential turf grass nutrients. 67. Petitioner's consultants, Charles Murdock, Ph.D. and Richard Green, Ph.D., conducted a study on the impact of fertilizer and pesticide uses on the project site, which included the findings and conclusions, as follows: a. Among the fertilizer elements, only nitrogen (N) in the form of nitrate could possibly diminish water quality, but with proper management of nitrogen fertilizer and water, leaching of N will be minimal. Phosphorus (P) is attached very tightly to soil colloids in most soils and moves little if any from the site of application. b. The groundwater aquifer underlying the Property is too brackish to be used for potable water and thus is considered only as it dilutes soil drainage water and transports materials contained in the drainage water to the shoreline and ponds. -22- c. The Property is a low-rainfall, high evapotranspiration area. Most of the year, only irrigation in excess of rainfall will provide any means of chemicals leaching to the groundwater. Careful management of water and fertilizers will be needed to prevent contamination with nitrate. d. Petitioner's maintenance practice at the existing golf course includes use of slow-release fertilizers which reduce the potential for nitrate leaching to insignificant levels. Other practices proposed by Petitioner which reduce nitrate leaching include a computer controlled irrigation system which applies water based on evapotranspiration rates and fertigation where small amounts of fertilizer are injected into the irrigation system rather than applying large amounts of a dry material. e. The high groundwater flux (estimated to be approximately 4 million gallons/day/mile of shoreline) will contribute to dilution of any nitrate or pesticide chemical leached to groundwater. This dilution will reduce the impact of chemicals leached on anchialine ponds which the groundwater may enter. Vigorous wave action at the shoreline will further reduce the concentration of nitrate and pesticide chemicals which might be contained in groundwater to undetectable levels. f. Only five of the pesticides labeled for use on golf courses in Hawaii have the potential to move to groundwater. Based on computation of the Attenuation Factor -23- for these five pesticides, a 12-inch layer of soil over the lava will sufficiently retard the movement of pesticides to groundwater. 68. The consultants recommend that responsibility for managing the golf course be given to a well qualified golf course superintendent, preferably a certified golf course superintendent. The consultants recognize Ed Hodnett, who is Petitioner's golf course superintendent, as such a qualified golf course superintendent. 69. A study of potential impacts from the proposed development of the Property on the groundwater, the anchialine ponds and nearshore marine communities was conducted by Richard E. Brock, Ph.D., of Environmental Assessment Co., which included findings and conclusions, as follows: a. Potential impacts could come from application of fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation containing sewage effluent on the golf courses, the nutrient subsidy from which could migrate to the groundwater table, to the anchialine ponds and to the nearshore marine waters. b. Nutrient levels have increased in the ground water at Waikoloa during 1977 to 1986, but there was no increase from 1986 to 1988. The mean level of nutrient concentrations at Waikoloa are well within the range of variability that are found in other areas along the coast where there are no surrounding development such as Awakee, Makalawena, and Kukio. -24- c. The Waikoloa Anchialine Pond Preserve Area was established in 1986 to preserve in perpetuity 66 representative anchialine ponds at Waikoloa. Petitioner has provided the funds in trust to the University of Hawaii, to be administered by the University of Hawaii Foundation for the management and monitoring of the biological and water characteristics of the anchialine ponds system. ADEQUACY OF PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES Transportation Facilities 70. Vehicular access to the Property is from Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The state maintained highway has two lanes and a 24-foot wide pavement with a posted speed limit of 55 miles per hour. The major intersections along Queen Kaahumanu Highway are channelized with left-turn storage lanes for safety and maximizing roadway capacity. 71. The proposed development is planned to have two access points along Queen Kaahumanu Highway. One access already exists at the Waikoloa Beach Drive intersection. This access forms a T-intersection with Queen Kaahumanu Highway and is located approximately 5,500 feet south of the Waikoloa Road intersection. The second access, located north of Waikoloa Beach Drive, would connect to the existing T-intersection of the Waikoloa Road and Queen Kaahumanu Highway to form a cross intersection. 72. A traffic impact study was prepared by Petitioner's consultant, Pacific Planning & Engineering, Inc., -25- to evaluate the traffic impacts from the development of the entire Waikoloa Beach Resort including the Property. The study concluded that the Level-of-Service (LOS) at the intersections of Queen Kaahumanu Highway at Waikoloa Beach Drive and at Waikoloa Road would be at a congested level LOS F by the year 2006. 73. The traffic impact study concludes that if both intersections were signalized, the intersections would operate at LOS B or C with no change to Queen Kaahumanu Highway to the year 2006 with its existing two lanes. 74. The state Department of Transportation (DOT) states that signalization at the two intersections is no longer acceptable and would recommend the construction of a full diamond interchange at the intersection of Waikoloa Road and Queen Kaahumanu Highway the design of which should be based on a six-lane, divided highway. 75. Petitioner has agreed to participate in the funding and construction of present and future transportation improvements at project access points as identified and deemed necessary by DOT, which improvements may include a highway overpass, underpass, and diamond interchange. Water Service 76. The principal sources of water in the coastal region of the South Kohala District are the County-operated Lalamilo Water System and the private Waikoloa water system. The Waikoloa Water Company owns the wells, reservoirs and -26- primary transmission mains that supply potable water to the Waikoloa Village and Waikoloa Beach Resort. Waikoloa Resort Utilities owns the water distribution and sewer lines and the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) which serve the resort area. 77. The Waikoloa Water Company's potable water wells draw from the Waikoloa aquifer. These wells, known as Parker Wells No. 4 and No. 5, are located at the 1,200-foot level nearly five miles inland from Puako Bay. The combined pumping capacity of the Parker 4 and 5 wells is 1500 gallons per minute (gpm) or 2.2 million gallons per day (mgd). Under County of Hawaii standards, one pump is held in reserve for emergency. Thus, the sustained yield is 1.1 mgd based on the use of one pump. 78. A third well known as Waikoloa Water Well No. 1 has been drilled and is currently operational pending final approval by the State Department of Health. This third well has a sustained yield of 1.1 mgd. 79. A fourth well known as Waikoloa Water Well No. 2 which will add another 1.1 mgd of water source is currently being developed. 80. A test of Waikoloa Water Well No. 1, Parker Wells 4 and 5 at the same time indicated a potential withdrawal rate of close to 4.5 mgd. 81. At full build out of Waikoloa Beach Resort including the Property, Petitioner's engineering consultant -27- projects a water demand of around 3.0 mgd which can be met by the capacity of the existing system. 82. The existing 18-hole golf course is irrigated primarily with brackish water from three wells at lower elevations within the resort. Water from these wells is not potable quality but is satisfactory for golf course irrigation. Treated effluent is mixed with brackish water and provides part of the resort course's irrigation. Two holding ponds for the effluent/brackish water mix (with capacities of about 2.0 and 4.0 million gallons) are located within the resort course. The proposed golf courses on the Property will be irrigated in a similar fashion. sewage Treatment and Disposal 83. Currently, the Waikoloa Resort Utilities, Inc. provides for the collection, treatment, and disposal of the Waikoloa Beach Resort wastewater. The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is located 1,000 feet south of the Waikoloa Beach Resort entrance road intersection on the mauka side of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway. The treatment plant provides for a secondary level of treatment and meets all of the State Department of Health standards for private wastewater treatment facilities. 84. The existing wastewater treatment plant has a design flow capacity of 1.250 mgd. The current flow is 0.64 mgd. The WWTP was designed so that it could be expanded in the future to accommodate an average flow capacity of 2.9 mgd. -28- 85. The proposed project is anticipated to increase the average flow to the WWTP by approximately 1.7 mgd. Wastewater generated by the proposed development will be collected, treated and disposed of at the WWTP. 86. Petitioner's engineering consultant states that the WWTP system was designed and developed to accommodate capacity to meet demand of the Waikoloa Beach Resort including the Property. 87. The State Department of Health recommends that the project utilize all of its treated effluent for irrigation instead of using injection wells. Drainage 88. The Property has little or no surface runoff due to its high permeability of the soil and the low annual precipitation. 89. The proposed drainage system concept for the Property is premised on limiting runoff from each development parcel. Each parcel would be required to dispose of any runoff by percolation through drywells or through the natural lava formations. The Property is located inland from the shoreline and runoff would not be channelled into a collection system that would discharge directly into the ocean. Abundant open space uses and golf course facilities planned by Petitioner within the Property will provide significant opportunities for surface runoff to infiltrate into the ground and to reduce the requirement for on-site drainage improvements. -29- Solid Waste Management 90. The Kailua landfill, located near Kailua-Kona, is serving the North Kena and South Kohala coastal area until a planned new landfill site become operational. The County Sewers and Sanitation Bureau is considering a new sanitary landfill site about 20 miles east of the Kena Village Resort in the vicinity of Pu'uanahulu. The new County landfill is expected to be operational in 1991. Refuse generated by existing facilities in the Waikoloa Beach Resort is currently being collected by privately contracted firms which truck the waste to the Kailua-Kona landfill. 91. The proposed project is anticipated to generate 26,000 pounds of refuse per day or about 4,700 tons per year. Solid waste generated as a result of the project would be collected and then trucked by commercial refuse service, which is currently being done for existing facilities, to either the existing County landfill site in Kailua or to the planned new landfill near Pu'uanahulu. Parks and Recreation 92. The existing major recreation areas located in the North and South Kohala area include Mahukona Beach Park, Mookini State Monument, Kamehameha Park, Waimea Community center, Samuel Spencer Beach Park and the Hapuna Beach state Park. Resource management areas include Lapakahi state Park and Waialea Marine Life Conservation Districts and Kohala -30- Forest Reserve. Small boat harbors and ramps in the vicinity of Waikoloa Beach Resort include Kawaihae Harbor and Puako Boat Ramp. 93. The Waikoloa Beach Resort currently has an 18-hole championship golf course with an additional 18-hole golf course expected to be completed in 1989 in the project site. The Royal Waikoloan Hotel offers tennis and swimming facilities for guests, and the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel offers tennis facilities, a half-acre freshwater swimming pool, a 5-acre swimming lagoon and a health spa/sports complex. Hotel guests are the primary users of the hotel amenities but residents and visitors also use the restaurants and other facilities. Police and Fire Protection 94. Existing police headquarters for South Kohala is located in Waimea with a staff of 13 patrolmen and 2 staff personnel per 24-hour shift. Response time from the Waimea station to the Waikoloa Beach Resort is approximately 30 minutes. Other police facilities in the study area are the Kapa'au station, which serves the North Kohala area, and the Kena station in North Kena. In addition, the recently constructed Kohala Coast Fire Station has a police substation, called the Mauna Lani Substation. 95. According to Lt. Lawrence Mahuna of the Waimea Police Station, existing services are not adequate to cover the -31- 600 square mile area it serves. A request for additional personnel has been submitted for their next fiscal budget. 96. The recently built Kohala Coast Fire Station, located approximately two miles north of the Waikoloa Beach Resort and about 2.5 miles south of Puako, provides fire protection service for the Kohala Coast area. The station provides 24-hour service and has a staff of 4 to 5 men per 24-hour shift. Response time to Waikoloa Beach Resort is about 5 to 6 minutes. Future additional fire protection services will be provided by a 3-acre site within Waikoloa Village which has been dedicated for use by the county Fire and Police Departments. 97. It is anticipated that the proposed project will lead to an increased demand for County police services. A 3-acre site in Waikoloa Village has been dedicated for use by the County Police and Fire Departments. Additionally, private security within the project site may be provided by the individual residential complexes as necessary. 98. Petitioner has represented that it will provide its pro rata share for police and fire facilities as may be required by the County of Hawaii. Schools 99. The proposed development is expected to have a negligible impact on the public educational facilities. Resident population of the project would be about 1,760 by the year 2010 primarily consisting of vacationers and second home -32- buyers with an expected lower overall ratio of school-age children to projected resident population. 100. While the number of school-aged children may not significantly impact the school system, the impact of in-migrant employees and their dependents could have a significant effect on the area and its educational requirements. 101. Existing schools located in the North and South Kohala Districts include Waimea Elementary and Intermediate School (public school, grades K-8), Hawaii Preparatory Academy (private school, grades K-12) and Parker School (private school, grades 9-12) in Waimea and Kohala High and Elementary School (public school, grades K-12) in Hawi. Waimea students attending public school grades 9-12 are bussed to the Honoka'a High School in Honoka'a. 102. The Department of Education is contemplating plans to build new elementary and intermediate schools in Waimea and Waikoloa Village within the next decade. Petitioner has been working with the State Department of Education to identify the timing and requirements for an elementary and intermediate school in the Waikoloa Village. Petitioner intends to provide a 30-acre school site free of any fee for this purpose to meet the needs of the Department of Education. Electrical and Telephone 103. Electrical service to Waikoloa Beach Resort is supplied by the Hawaii Electric Light Company (HELCO) from its Anaehoomalu substation. The substation is located on the -33- inland side of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway within the resort's southern boundary. Power distribution from the substation is provided by cabling that is installed in underground ducts extending along Waikoloa Beach Drive and beyond the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel site. The current maximum electrical power demand at the Waikoloa Beach Resort is about 6,373 KVA. 104. Development of the proposed project will require upgrading of the existing electrical system. The forecasted load addition for this project is estimated to be 19,000 KVA. 105. Telephone service to the Waikoloa Beach Resort is provided by the Hawaiian Telephone Company from their microwave station located along the southern boundary of the project area. Telephone cables are routed from there via underground ducts similar to those used for electrical power distribution. Medical Facilities 106. The Kohala area is serviced by two state-operated hospitals, the Kohala Hospital located in Kapa'au in North Kohala and the Honoka'a Hospital. Served by a staff of five physicians, the Kohala Hospital has 8 acute care beds and 18 long-term beds. The Honoka'a Hospital provides 24-hour emergency service. It has 30 beds: 22 for acute care patients and 8 for long-term care. It is served by 12 physicians. 107. Kona Hospital is a 24-hour health care facility. It has 53 acute care beds, 22 beds for long-term care and a staff of 51 physicians. -34- 108. The private Lucy Henriques Medical Center, located in Waimea, is closest to the proposed development. Services comprise of outpatient health services which include emergency room treatment, x-ray, laboratory services and radiology. The staff includes five physicians, one psychologist and monthly specialists. 109. The proposed development is anticipated to generate increased demand on medical care services. However, existing conditions or needs in the West Hawaii region seem to indicate that the health care facilities will require upgrading with or without additional development. A number of facilities available to accommodate health care needs in the region and expansion plans by these facilities are being made to improve service and meet growing needs in the community. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS 110. Expansion at the Waikoloa Beach Resort would bring additional tax revenues to the county and state governments. County government revenues would be principally in the form of real property taxes on the developed acreage and new facilities. Revenues to the state government would be composed principally of general and specific excise taxes and personal income taxes paid by new state residents, and the general excise tax on sales revenues attributable to visitors. 111. Petitioner considers the great majority of the jobs estimated for the Waikoloa Beach Resort project, including the proposed development on the Property, are not "new" jobs -35- because they were already projected for the density and uses permitted under existing land use approvals. The Petitioner contends that the proposed development on the Property will result in the lowering of density and the redistribution of over a larger area without any increase in the total number of resort units. 112. According to Petitioner's consultant, Community Resources, Inc., the implementation of the proposed development on the Property will generally result in jobs being created a little more gradually, and the eventual creation of about 20 on-site jobs. 113. Petitioner is in the process of dedicating 300 net developable acres in Waikoloa Village to the County of Hawaii in compliance with the County's employee and affordable housing condition imposed under the zoning of the existing Waikoloa Beach Resort to provide for employee and affordable housing needs generated by the development under the zoning. The zoning accommodates 3,430 approved residential units, about 1,600 to 1,760 units of which are proposed to be developed on the Property. 114. About 1,200 residential units can be built on the 300-acre site. The dedication of the 300-acre site includes all necessary off-site infrastructure: water source, storage and distribution; sewer distribution and treatment systems; electrical transmission and substations; and the extension of Paniolo Avenue to the 300-acre site. -36- CONFORMANCE WITH THE HAWAII STATE PLAN 115. The reclassification of the Property to allow the proposed development conforms to the Hawaii state Plan, Chapter 226, Hawaii Revised Statutes, as amended, including the following objectives and policies: §226-5 (b) (2) §226-8 (b) (2) §226-8 (b) (3) §226-ll(a) (1) §226-ll(a) (2) §226-ll(b) (9) §226-12 (b) (3) "Encourage an increase in economic activities and employment opportunities on the Neighbor Islands consistent with community needs and desires." "Ensure that visitor industry activities are in keeping with the social, economic, and physical needs and aspirations of Hawaii's people." "Improve the quality of existing visitor destination areas." "Prudent use of Hawaii's land-based, shoreline, and marine resources." "Effective protection of Hawaii's unique and fragile environmental resources." "Promote increased accessibility and prudent use of inland and shoreline areas for public recreational, educational, and scientific purposes." "Promote the preservation of views and vistas to enhance the visual and aesthetic -37- enjoyment of mountains, ocean, scenic landscapes, and other natural features." 116. The proposed Waikoloa Beach Resort project, including the Property, is a high quality, low density self-contained resort-residential community. State and County tax revenues generated by this new development will contribute toward the cost of providing and improving facilities and services. The goods and services required by the proposed development will generate a positive economic benefit for businesses in the region, island and state. 117. Petitioner proposes to maintain and preserve significant archaeological sites within the Property and adjoining property. The petroglyph area, abrader-area, Forerunner Trail, King's Trail and Ke Ahu A Leno Shrine have been established as Historic site Preserves. 118. Petitioner has established and funded the Waikoloa Anchialine Pond Preservation Area at the Waikoloa Beach Resort monitoring program to be administered in perpetuity by the University of Hawaii. 119. Development design will reflect the natural beauty of the Kohala Coast and proposed resort densities will be low to maintain the open feeling of the area. Golf courses will be set back from the Queen Kaahumanu Highway, and residential and commercial structures will be low profile to preserve view planes from the highway to the sea. -38- CONFORMANCE TO STATE LAND USE DISTRICT STANDARDS 120. The Property is adjacent to and intended as an integral part of the existing Waikoloa Beach Resort. 121. The Property is contiguous to and located immediately mauka of the existing Waikoloa Beach Resort which is in the State Urban District. 122. The Waikoloa Beach Resort, of which the Property is proposed to be a part, is a designated visitor destination area as identified by the state Tourism Functional Plan Technical Reference Document. 123. The topography of the Property is relatively level and uniform with one percent to three percent slopes. The Property has been designated Zone X, an area determined to be outside the 500-year flood plain, on the Flood Insurance Rate Maps prepared by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 124. The Property is proximate to basic services as sewer, water, public highway, access, police and fire protection, power and other public services. 125. The Hawaii County General Plan identifies the Waikoloa Beach Resort area, of which the Property is a part, as a Major Resort Area. CONFORMANCE WITH COASTAL ZONE POLICIES AND OBJECTIVES 126. The proposed reclassification of the Property for the development of the project conforms to the policies and objectives of the Coastal Zone Management Program Chapter 205A, Hawaii Revised statutes, as amended. -39- RULING ON PROPOSED FINDINGS OF FACT Any of the proposed stipulated findings of fact submitted by the Petitioner and the Office of state Planning not already ruled upon by the Commission by adoption herein, or rejected by clearly contrary findings of fact herein, are hereby denied and rejected. Any conclusion of law herein improperly designated as a finding of fact should be deemed or construed as a conclusion of law; any finding of fact herein improperly designated as a conclusion of law should be deemed or construed as a finding of fact. CONCLUSION OF LAW Pursuant to Chapter 205, Hawaii Revised Statutes, as amended, the Hawaii Land Use Commission Rules, Chapter 15-15, Hawaii Administrative Rules, the Commission finds upon the preponderance of evidence that the reclassification of the Property, consisting of approximately 853,187 acres, from the Agricultural District to the Urban District at Waikoloa, South Kohala, Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii, Tax Map Key Nos. 6-8-01: portion of 26, portion of 32, 33, 34 and portion of 35, for golf courses, clubhouse, resort residential dwelling units, and other related uses, subject to the conditions stated in the Order, conforms to the standards established in the Hawaii Land Use Commission Rules, Chapter 15-15 1 Hawaii Administrative Rules, is reasonable and nonviolative of Section 205-2, Hawaii -40- Revised statutes, as amended, and the Hawaii state Plan as set forth in Chapter 226, Hawaii Revised statutes, as amended. ORDER IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Property, consisting of approximately 853.187 acres, being the subject of this Docket No. A89-637 by Atpac Land Co. Limited Partnership, Waikoloa Development co., and Waikoloa Land & cattle Co., situate at Waikoloa, South Kohala, Island of Hawaii, state of Hawaii, identified as Tax Map Key No. 6-8-01: portion of 26, portion of 32, 33, 34, and portion of 35, and approximately identified on Exhibit "A" attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein, for reclassification from the Agricultural District to the Urban District, shall be and hereby is approved and the state Land Use District Boundaries are amended accordingly, subject to the following conditions: 1. Petitioner shall provide housing opportunities for low, low-moderate, and moderate income Hawaii citizens as may be required by the County of Hawaii, provided that at least 30 percent (30%) of all residential units shall be at prices which families with an income range up to one hundred twenty percent {120%) of the County of Hawaii's median income can afford, and thirty percent (30%) of residential units at prices which families with an income range of one hundred twenty to one hundred forty percent {120-140%) of the County of Hawaii's median income can afford. -41- This condition may be fulfilled through projects or other means as may be mutually agreeable between the Petitioner and the Housing Finance and Development Corporation of the state of Hawaii and the County of Hawaii. This condition may also be fulfilled with the approval of the Housing Finance and Development Corporation and the County of Hawaii of rental units to be made available at rents which families in the specified income ranges can afford. This affordable housing requirement shall be implemented concurrently with the completion of the market units for the residential project. The determination of median income, as that term is used in this condition, shall be based on median income figures that exist at the time that this condition must be implemented. 2. Petitioner shall ensure that a buffer along the boundary of the Property fronting the Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of-way will be preserved to protect open space and scenic views. This buffer area shall be preserved in perpetuity through the establishment of a conservation easement pursuant to Chapter 198, HRS, as amended, or such other means as shall be reviewed and approved by the Office of state Planning of the State of Hawaii. The buffer area shall extend makai of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of-way to a depth of approximately eight hundred (800) feet. The first two hundred (200) feet of the buffer area shall be comprised of natural open space. The buffer area extending between two hundred (200) feet and eight -42- hundred (800) feet from the Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of-way shall be comprised of open space of which golf courses are the only permitted use. Golf related recreational, maintenance, parking, and other obtrusive structures shall not be allowed within the conservation easement. The depth of the buffer area may vary and the actual boundary lines of the buffer area may meander to a lesser or greater depth to accommodate the project's development plan and preservation of natural open space and scenic views so long as the average depth is eight hundred (800) feet. Exceptions shall be made for infrastructure improvements, corridors, or entry features that may be necessary to service the developed portions of the Property. 3. Petitioner shall participate in the funding and construction of present and future transportation improvements at project access points as identified and deemed necessary by the State Department of Transportation. Such improvements may include a highway overpass, underpass, and diamond interchange. The Petitioner shall also participate in the funding and construction of other on-site and off-site transportation improvements necessitated by the proposed development and in designs and schedules accepted by and coordinated with the state Department of Transportation, provided that the extent of the Petitioner's participation shall not exceed its share of the increased community traffic impacts in the region and, provided further that, in the event -43- the county adopts an impact fee for transportation improvements, the foregoing requirements shall not include or double count the cost of any specific traffic improvements which may also be included in the County's impact fee computation. Petitioner shall monitor the traffic attributable to the development proposed on the Property at on-site and off-site locations and shall undertake subsequent mitigative measures that may be reasonably required. These activities shall be coordinated with and approved by the Department of Transportation. 4. Petitioner shall provide its pro rata share for police, park, fire, and solid waste facilities as may be required by and to the satisfaction of the County of Hawaii. 5. Petitioner shall provide its pro rata share for school facilities as may be required by and to the satisfaction of the State Department of Education. 6. Petitioner shall establish a program to monitor groundwater and ocean water quality as specified by the State Department of Health. Should any adverse impacts affect the area as the result of the Petitioner's activities, the Petitioner shall immediately implement remedial and corrective actions to the satisfaction of the state Department of Health. 7. Petitioner shall establish a pond management program for the monitoring of anchialine ponds on the Waikoloa Resort, whether or not the ponds are in the Property, as -44- approved by the State Department of Land and Natural Resources and applicable federal agencies. Should any adverse impacts affect the ponds as the result of the Petitioner's activities in the Property, Petitioner shall immediately implement remedial and corrective actions to the satisfaction of the State Department of Land and Natural Resources and applicable federal agencies. 8. Petitioner shall design, locate and construct sewage treatment facilities as may be required by the County of Hawaii and the State Department of Health so as to minimize adverse impact on adjoining properties. 9. Petitioner shall immediately stop work on the impacted area and contact the state Historic Preservation Office should any archaeological resources such as artifacts, shell, bone, or charcoal deposits, human burial, rock or coral alignments, pavings or walls be encountered during the project's development. 10. Petitioner shall provide annual reports to the Land Use Commission, the Office of state Planning, and the County of Hawaii Planning Department in connection with the status of the project and Petitioner's progress in complying with the conditions imposed. 11. Petitioner shall develop the Property in substantial compliance with representations made to the Land Use commission in obtaining the reclassification of the Property. -45- 12. Petitioner shall give notice to the Land Use Commission, the Office of State Planning, and the County of Hawaii Planning Department of any intent to sell, lease, assign, place in trust, or otherwise voluntarily alter the ownership interest in the Property covered in the Petition, prior to development of the Property and shall provide evidence that any successor in interest has a willingness and ability to develop the Property in substantial compliance with representations made to the Commission in obtaining the reclassification of the Property in concert and in compliance with the conditions herein. 13. The Commission may fully or partially release these conditions as to all or any portion of the Property upon timely motion, and upon the provision of adequate assurance of satisfaction of these conditions by the Petitioner. -46- DOCKET NO. A89-637 -ATPAC LAND CO. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO., AND WAIKOLOA LAND & CATTLE CO. Done at Honolulu, Hawaii, this 9th day of January 1990, per motion on December 14, 1989. Filed and effective on January 9 , 1990 Certified by: ~~~ Executive Officer -47- LAND USE COMMISSION STATE OF HAWAII By Chairman and Commissioner By~ ""f. c.L---- LAWRENCE F. CHUN Vice Chairman and Commissioner B (absent) y .,,,.,,,,,..,,,...,..,..,c-c,-==~-------S HARO N R. HIMENO Commissioner By ,~ /::._,, ~ ALLi:f K: HOE Commissioner Commissio r By ~.~ Commissioner By~)(~ J sl-i: SHINNO Commissioner ---- Commissioner By~(,;ty}~/Y REDERC P. WHITTEMORE Commissioner )> -,::, -,::, ::0 0 < ITl 0 )> ::0 ITl )> Ill X :i.:: OJ -I ~ \; 'O 0 :-, 81 )> ~ Q " ::,- 0 0 3 2- C ::c :E"' Ol> 0 .... --< fT1" l> ror r 0 )> 4 0 r- 0 - ~ Q c· c Q tli Q '< 4 v ::i: b ~ - :,: 0 OJ~ Q 0 '< ,.. 0 0 ,, .. / 4 NORTH l BEFORE THE LAND USE COMMISSION OF THE STATE OF HAWAII In the Matter of the Petition of ) ) ATPAC LAND CO, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, ) WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO., and ) WAIKOLOA LAND & CATTLE CO. ) To Amend the Agricultural Land Use District Boundary into the Urban Land Use District for Approximately 853.187 Acres at Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaii, Tax Map Key Nos.: 6-8-01: portion of 26, portion of 32, 33, 34 and portion of 35 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) _________________ ) DOCKET NO, A89-637 ATPAC LAND CO, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, WAIKOLOA DEVELOPMENT CO., and WAIKOLOA LAND & CATTLE co. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE I hereby certify that a copy of the Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Decision and Order was served upon the following by either hand delivery or depositing the same in the u. s. Postal Service by certified mail: CERT. CERT. DATED: HAROLD S, MASUMOTO, Director Office of State Planning state Capitol, Room 410 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 DUANE KANUHA, Planning Director Planning Department, County of Hawaii 25 Aupuni Street Hilo, Hawaii 96720 JAMES T. FUNAKI, ESQ., Attorney for Petitioner Okumura, Takushi, Funaki & Wee Grosvenor Center, Suite 1400 733 Bishop Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 Honolulu, Hawaii, this 9th day of January 1990. ESTHER UEDA Executive Officer Lisa Bail, Esq. Page 2 time extension will allow the applicant to complete the construction of the golf course. The additional time needed to complete the golf course will not be contrary to the original reasons for granting of the SMA Use Permit or its subsequent amendments. The applicant has and will continue to comply with all conditions of approval of SMA Use Permit No. 25 that will ensure that significant adverse impacts to the coastal environment, historical resources, public access and other important coastal resources are minimized. Over the years, the applicant has completed an archaeological survey of the project site and implemented approved mitigative measures~ committed to place all permanent utility lines underground; established a ground water monitoring program, prepared an emergency preparedness and response plan, paid approximately half of a $3 million community benefit assessment payment, and continues to comply with the conditions of approval of SMA Use Permit No. 25. Based on the above considerations, request for an amendment to Condition No. 12 is approved subject to the following revised changes (Material to be deleted is bracketed and stricken, and material to be added is underscored): I. That the overall development shall conform substantially to the plans submitted and the representations made by the petitioner and as described in the environmental impact statement, hereafter identified as "File Exhibit 1" on file in the Planning Department, except as further amended by subsequent ordinances and permits. 2. That the method of sewage disposal shall conform to the rules and regulations of the State Department of Health. 3. That the petitioner shall set aside those historic site preserves identified in "File Exhibit 1" on file in the Planning Department. The petitioner shall submit plans for the historic preserves to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to undertaking any research, restoration, reconstruction, or development within the historic preserves. Such plans shall include but not be limited to a proposed management and interpretation program, and the means of providing public access to the historic preserves. Further, any alteration and/or salvage of archaeological sites which are not located in the designated preserves shall first be approved by the Planning Director. The petitioner/representative(s) shall also submit plans for interim control and protection measures for sites which are not to be immediately salvaged, researched, or developed within six (6) months of the effective date of approval of the change of zone request for the review and approval of the Planning Director. The petitioner/representative(s) shall also conduct an archaeological survey of the area between the King's Trail and the Queen Kaahumanu Highway prior to any land development of that area. ) I Lisa Bail, Esq. Page 3 4. That the King's Trail shall be open for public access. Any breaching of the King's Trail shall first be approved by the Planning Director. The number of breaches in the King's Trail shall be limited to three, two street crossings and one golf cart crossing, each of which shall be of a minimal width as determined by the Planning Director and the Chief Engineer. 5. That any proposal or program for research, maintenance, restoration, and/or management ofKu'uali'i and Kahapapa fishponds shall be submitted to the Planning Director for review. The petitioner shall also provide public access to the fishponds meeting with the approval of the Planning Director. 6. That the petitioner shall provide public accesses to the shoreline meeting with the approval of the Planning Director. Such public accesses shall be provided in perpetuity and by recorded covenant running with the land. The general location of public accesses shall be as described in 'File Exhibit 1.' 7. That temporary overhead utility lines will be permitted for Increment I of the existing Resort; however, all utility lines shall be installed underground in conjunction with development of Increment II of the existing Resort. Furthermore, a bond or other forms of legal assurance for utility improvements shall be submitted prior to issuance of building permits within Increment II of the existing Resort. 8. That the petitioner or its authorized representative(s) shall submit a comprehensive program for the treatment of the tidal, or anchialine pond, ponds, for the review of the Planning Director within one (1) year of the effective date of approval of the Special Management Area Use Permit and/or prior to any construction directly affecting any tidal pond, whichever comes first. 9. That the petitioner or its authorized representative(s) shall submit an overall landscaping plan which includes the use of native and indigenous plants for Increment One to the Planning Director for review and approval within one (1) year from the effective date of approval of the Special Management Area Use Permit. 10. The effective date of this amendment shall be simultaneous with the effective date of the accompanying change of zone. 11. Plans for the proposed golf course and related improvements shall be submitted to the Planning Department within one year from the effective date of this amendment and Final Plan Approval secured within one year thereafter. To assure adequate time for Plan Approval Review and in accordance with Chapter Lisa Bail, Esq. Page4 25-244 (Zoning Code), plans sha11 be submitted a minimum of forty-five (45) days prior to the date by which plan approval must be secured. 12. Construction of the golf course and related improvements shall commence within one year from the date of receipt of final plan approval and be completed on or before April 5, [~]2013. 13. Plans for the second golf course and related improvements shall be submitted to the Plaruring Department and Final Plan Approval secured within one year thereafter. The second golf course may be constructed simultaneously with the first golf course. 14. A ground and ocean water quality monitoring and mitigation plan, to include monitoring for nutrients, fecal coliform and enterococci and sediment analysis. shall be developed. The mitigation plan shall include appropriate measures to protect water quality and the near shore environment. The plans, as amended, shall be submitted to and approved by the Planning Department in consultation with the Department of Health prior to the issuance of a grading permit and/or prior to any land preparation activity being conducted on the golf course or multi- family residential sites, whichever occurs first. 15. All utility lines shall be underground. 16. An emergency preparedness and response plan sha11 be filed with the Planning Director and the Civil Defense Agency prior to receipt of occupancy for the multi- family residential units, commercial structures or establishment of the golf course, whichever occurs first. 17. To ensure that the goals and policies of the General Plan are implemented, the Planning Director shall fonnulate a community benefit assessment program for implementation by the applicant prior to receipt of Final Plan Approval of the golf courses. 18. In the design of the golf courses, the County of Hawaii Planning Department's Guidelines for Golf Course Design (November 1989, as amended) shall be utilized. The Planning Department shall determine appropriate setback requirements (i.e. building and property line) at the time of plan approval review. 19. Should any unanticipated archaeological sites or features be uncovered during land preparation activities, work within the affected area shall immediately cease and the Planning Department notified. Work within the affected area shall not resume until clearance is obtained from the Planning Department. ) (_) Lisa Bail, Esq. Page 5 20. The use of pesticides and herbicides in conjunction with all phases of operation shall conform with the applicable regulations of appropriate governmental agencies. 21. During construction, best effort measures shall be taken to minimize the potential of both fugitive dust and runoff sedimentation. Such best effort measures shall be in compliance with construction industry standards and practices utilized during construction projects of the State of Hawaii. 22. Prior to golf course construction, the applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Planning Department that all proposed off-site construction materials such as topsoil or sand are being supplied from an approved quarry or resource site. 23. Comply with the requirements of the Department of Health, including the "New Golf Course Development Guidelines" dated April 1990 (Version 3) or applicable subsequent versions. 24. The applicant shall prepare an integrated golf course management plan ("JGC.MP") for the review and approval of the Planning Director. The JGC.MP shall address the design, construction, maintenance. and operation of the golf course. The design. construction. maintenance, and operation of the golf course shall be in compliance with the IGCMP. The IGCJ\1P shall contain specific best management practices (BMP's) for the golf course. 25. The goals of the IGCMP will be to: A. minimize the offsite transport of nutrients, sediments. herbicides, and pesticides; B. minimize the use of fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides through integrated pest management, fertility testing, and proper course design; C. implement swface and groundwater conservation; D. operate safely considering the public usage in the vicinity; and E. prevent any harm to native biota in anchialine ponds and the shoreline and offshore environment. 26. The IGCMP requirements for the second course shall be conditioned at the time of plan approval. The IGC:MP for the first course shall contain, at a minimum, the following requirements: A. The golf course shall be designed so that surface drainage is not directed into anchialine ponds or the ocean; Lisa Bail, Esq. Page 6 B. Fairways, greens and tees shall be sited on a base of medium textured soils, with adequate cation exchange capacity to hold nutrients. Soil permeability shall be between 0.2 to 6.0 inches/hour; C. Exposed soil areas shall be minimized during construction. Planting of grassed areas shall follow the installation of topsoil as soon as possible. The contractor shall apply dust screens. temporary soil covers and silt fences as needed. All exposed soil shall drain to a sediment trapping device; D. Operator shall develop and implement an integrated pest management plan with the intent of minimizing use of herbicides and pesticides. The operator shall first attempt to control weeds and pests by biological or cultural (non-chemical) means, and utilize chemical controls only after cultural means have proven infeasible. The operator shall use the least toxic chemical control at the lowest effective dosage, and shall use spot application wherever feasible. Pesticides and herbicides shall be sprayed at the lowest possib_le height and only when wind speeds are under 10 mph. Chloropvrifos shall not be used. The integrated pest management plan shall be reviewed by an IPM certified specialist; E. A qualified golf course superintendent shall control the fertilization and use of agricultural chemicals; F. All fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides shall be stored in a covered maintenance area designed to contain any spill with structural barriers; G. Fertilization shall be based on actual plant needs as determined by leaf testing or other objective method; H. Fertilizers shall be "slow-release" to the extent feasible; I. Equipment wash area shall be set up so that oil and grease can be removed before it enters the storm drainage system; J. Operator shall control the timing of irrigation to follow actual plant needs, rather than on a set schedule; K. Grass clippings shall be used as a mulch or soil amendment. [~]27.Comply with all other applicable laws, rules, regulations and requirements, including those of the Department of Water Supply, the Department of Public ) ) Lisa Bail, Esq. Page7 Works, the Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Department of Transportation-Highways Division. [~]28.Complywith applicable conditions of Ordinance No. 265, as amended, the State Land Use Commission Decision and Order, and SMA Use Permit No. 25, as amended. [~]29.An annual progress report shall be submitted to the Planning Director prior to the anniversary date of the effective date of this amendment. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the status of the development and to what extent the conditions of approval are being complied with. This condition shall remain in effect until all of the conditions of approval have been complied and the Planning Director acknowledges that further reports are not required. [~]30.[An initial extensioa of time for the performanee of eonditions withi:R the 13ermit may be granted by the Pla:BBi:Rg Direetor l:lpoa the following eireumstaBees: a) the non performanee is the resuJt of eoaditions that eol:lld not have foreseea or are beyond the eoatrol of the applieant, suoeessors or assigns, and that are not the resl:llt of their fault or negligenee; b) the granting of the time extension ·.vouJd not be eontrarf to the general 13lan or zoning eeee; o) granting of the time extensioa 'Nould not be eontrary to the origffial reasons for the granting of the permit; and cl) the time extension graBtea shall be for a perioe not to exeeed the period origiBally grantee for performanee (i.e., a eoadition to be performeEi ·.vithia oae year may be exteaded for 1:1p to one additional year)]Ifthe applicant should require an additional extension of time. the Planning Department shall submit the applicant's request to the Planning Commission for appropriate action. Further, should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion, the Director shall initiate procedures to revoke the permit. This approval does not, however, sanction the specific plans submitted with the request as they may be subject to change given specific code and regulatory requirements of the affected agencies. Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 2 of the Department of Transportation. A Traffic Management Plan shall be approved by the Department of Transportation and approved recommendations implemented. Further, a letter from the Department of Transportation-Highways Division confirming the funding and construction of other on-site and off-site transportation improvements or other means agreed upon·, shall be submitted within one year from completion of the Department of Transportation-Highways Division Corridor study. · D. All roadways within the proposed development shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Public Works. Curbs, gutters and sidewalks may be required to be constrµcted in areas of likely pedestrian traffic as determined by the Chief Engineer and the Planning Director. E. A roadway connection to the adjacent property to the north shall be provided meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works. F. A drainage system shall be installed meeting with the approval of the Department of Public Works. G. All residential, commercial and industrial units and uses shall be connected to a sewage treatment plant, public or private, meeting with the approval of the appropriate governmental agencies. H. Should any unanticipated archaeological sites or features be uncovered during land preparation activities, work within the affected area shall immediately cease and the Planning Department notified. Work within the affected area shall not resume until clearance is obtained from the Planning Department. I. Comply with the requirements of the Department of Education. A letter from the Department of Education confirming compliance and the nature in which compliance has been met shall be submitted prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy for any of the multi-family residential units. J. Comply with all other applicable laws, rules, regulations and requirements, including those of the Department of Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 3 Water Supply, Department of Public Works and the Department of Land and Natural Resources. K. Comply with applicable conditions of Ordinance No. 265, as amended, the state Land Use Commission Decision and Order, and SMA Use Permit No. 25, as amended. L. Should the council adopt a Unified Impact Fees ordinance setting forth criteria for the imposition of exactions or the assessment of impact fees, conditions included herein may, at the developer's election, be satisfied by performance in accordance with the requirements of the Unified Impact Fees Ordinance. M. An annual progress report shall be submitted to the Planning Director prior to the anniversary date of the effective date of this change of zone. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the status of the development and to what extent the conditions of approval are being complied with. This condition shall remain in effect until all of the conditions of approval have been complied and the Planning Director acknowledges that further reports are not required. N. An extension of time for the performance of conditions within the ordinance may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: 1) the non-performance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the control of the applicant, successors or assigns, and that are not the result of their fault or negligence; 2) granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the general plan or zoning code; 3) granting of the time extension woulp not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the change of zone; 4) the time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed the period originally granted for performance (i.e., a condition to be performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year); and 5) if the applicant should require .. an additional extension of time, the Planning Director shall submit the applicant's request to the County Council for appropriate action. Further, should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion, the Director shall initiate rezoning of the area to its original or more appropriate designation. Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 4 The Planning Commission also approved your request to amend Special Management Area (SMA) Use Permit No. 25, which allowed the entire development of the Waikoloa Beach Resort complex, including 3,000 hotel rooms, approximately 3,430 multiple residential units, 2 golf courses, other recreational facilities, commercial facilities, temporary construction and maintenance yard, infrastructure such as roads, utilities, etc., and other related improvements necessary for the development of the resort complex. The amendment request is (i) to reduce the allowable multiple residential units to 3,365 units (1,604 units to be constructed within the expansion area) and (ii) to allow two additional golf courses and related improvements. The site is the existing Waikoloa Beach Resort and those lands on the mauka side of the Resort to the Queen Kaahumanu Highway extending from the State-owned lands on the south to Mauna Lani Resort on the north, in the ahupua'a of Anaeho'omalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaii. Approval of this request is based on the following: The request to decrease the total number of residential units from 3,430 multiple residential units to 3,365 units and to allow two additional golf courses will not militate against the original reasons for granting the SMA Use Permit. The reduction in units over a greater land area is preferable in trying to provide for a quality resort destination area. The purpose of Chapter 205-A, Hawaii Revised Statutes, and Rule 9, Special Management Area Rules and Regulations of the County of Hawaii is to preserve, protect, and, where possible, to restore the natural resources of the coastal zone areas. Therefore, special controls on development within the area along the shoreline are necessary to avoid permanent loss of valuable resources and the foreclosure of management options. one of the criteria for approving a development within the SMA is that it is consistent with the General Plan and Zoning Code. The proposed project does conform to the General Plan Land Use Pattern Allocation Guide Map, which designates this area for Urban Expansion. As discussed previously, the granting of this amendment will also complement the above-mentioned goals, policies and standards of the General Plan. Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 5 Another criteria in reviewing an SMA Use Permit application is that "The development will not have any significant adverse environmental or ecological effect, except as such adverse effect is minimized to the extent practicable and clearly outweighed by public health, safety, or compelling public interest. Such adverse effect shall include, but not be limited to, the potential cumulative impact of individual developments, each one of which taken in itself might not have a substantial adverse effect and elimination o~ planning options." The area is not a habitat for any endangered plant or animal species. Approvals are in place for the preservation of significant historic sites on the property. These preservation plans include interpretive management in order that further research work may be accomplished and that signage will be provided for resort guests. Based on the Air Quality Impact Analysis prepared by J.W. Morrow, air quality is not expected to be significantly degraded. Existing air quality is good and no serious problems are envisioned. Therefore, no adverse impacts on air quality are expected to be generated by the proposed decrease in residential units or the construction of two golf courses. The site is a considerable distance from the shoreline and should not affect water quality. Any potential runoff or discharge which could reach ocean waters will be handled by on-site improvements. Negative impacts on the local water quality resulting from soil erosion and runoff during site preparation and construction phases can be adequately mitigated through compliance with existing ordinances and regulations. To further address water quality concerns, a condition is being included that requires the preparation of a water quali~y monitoring plan approved by the appropriate agencies. Compliance with the golf course guidelines developed by the Department of Health is also being required as a new condition of this permit. With these precautionary measures in place, the proposed developments are not expected to have any substantial adverse effects on the coastal resources or the environment. The proposed development will not have adverse impact on public access which was already made a requirement in the original permit. Because that requirement was imposed and fulfilled for the entire unit count, it is not necessary to impose public access requirements given the decrease in unit count. Mr. Ken Melrose August 23 1 1991 Page 6 Viewplanes and corridors will not be significantly affected by the proposed project. With the state LUC requirement for an 800-foot open space buffer from the Queen Kaahumanu Highway right-of-way, adequate setbacks have been established for the construction of multiple-family residential units, which height may not exceed 45 feet. Topographidiil characteristics will also affect the design considerations and visual impacts of the project. The applicant has prepared its design guidelines which future developments would follow. This is meant to provide parameters to guide quality development within the resort. Based on the above, it is determined that the proposed development will not have substantial adverse impacts on the surrounding area, nor will its approval be contrary to the objectives and policies of Chapter 205A, HRS, relating to Coastal Zone Management and Rule No. 9 of the Planning Commission relating to the Special Management Area. Approval conditions: bracketed. ) of this request is subject to the following (new material underscored; material to be deleted is 1. That the overall development shall conform substantially to the plans submitted and the representations made by the petitioner and as described in the environmental impact statement, hereinafter identified as 'File Exhibit l' on file in the Planning Department, except as further amended by subsequent ordinances and permits. 2. That the method of sewage disposal shall conform to the rules and regulations of the state Department of Healt~. 3. That the petitioner shall set aside those historic site preserves identified in "File Exhibit 1" on file in the Planning Department. The petitioner shall submit plans for the historic preserves to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to undertaking any research, restoration, reconstruction, or development within the historic preserves. such plans shall include but not be limited to a proposed management and interpretation program, and the means of providing public access to the historic preserves. Further, any alteration and/or salvage of archaeological sites which are not located in Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 7 the designated preserves shall first be approved by the Planning Director. The petitioner/representative(s) shall also submit plans for interim control and protection measures for sites which are not to be immediately salvaged, researched, or developed within six (6) months of the effective date of approval of the change of zone request for the review and approval of the Planning Director. The petitioner/representative(s) shall also conduct an archaeological ~urvey of the area between the King's Trail and the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway prior to any development of that area. 4. That the King's Trail shall be open for public access. Any breaching of the King's Trail shall first be approved by the Planning Director. The number of breaches in the King's Trail shall be limited to three, two street crossings and one golf cart crossing, each of which shall be of a minimal width as determined by the Planning Director and the Chief Engineer. 5. That any proposal or program for research, maintenance, restoration, and/or management of Ku'uali'i and Kahapapa fishponds shall be submitted to the Planning Director for review. The petitioner shall also provide public access to the fishponds meeting with the approval of the Planning Director. 6. That the petitioner shall provide public accesses to the shoreline meeting with the approval of the Planning Director. Such public accesses shall be provided in perpetuity and by recorded covenant running with the land. The general location of public accesses shall be as described in "File Exhibit 1.11 7. [That construction of the golf course and clubhouse facility shall be completed and available for play upon issuance of the occupancy permit for the first hotel. The plans for the golf course shall be submitted to the Planning Department for review and approval. 8.] That temporary overhead utility lines will be permitted for Increment I of the existing Resort; however, all utility lines shall be installed underground in conjunction with development of Increment II of the existing Resort. Furthermore, a bond or other forms of Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 8 legal assurance for utility improvements shall be submitted prior to issuance of building permits within Increment II of the existing Resort. [9]~. That the petitioner or its authorized representative(s) shall submit a comprehensive program for the treatment of the tidal, or anchialine, ponds for the review of the Planning Director within one (1) year of the effective date of approval of the Special Manag~ment Area Use Permit and/or prior to any construction directly affecting any tidal pond, whichever comes first. [10)2· That the petitioner or its authorized representative(s) shall submit an overall landscaping plan which includes the use of native and indigenous plants for Increment One to the Planning Director for review and approval within one (1) year from the effective date of approval of the Special Management Area Use Permit. [11. That all accesses from the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway shall conform to the requirements, including the provision of a channelized intersection, of the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Highways Division. 12. That all other applicable rules and regulations shall be complied with, including the conditions of approval of the change of zone request and all necessary permits. Should these conditions not be met, the Special Management Area Use Permit may be deemed null and void by the Planning Commission or the designated authority for Special Management Areas as may be established by any amendments to Act 176, SLH 1975.) 10. The effective date of this amendment shall be simultaneous with the effective date of the accompanying change of zone. 11. Plans for the proposed golf course and related improvements shall be submitted to the Planning Department within one year from the effective date of this amendment and Final Plan Approval secured within one year thereafter. To assure adeguate time for Plan Approval review and in accordance with Chapter 25-244 (Zoning Code), plans shall be submitted a minimum of forty-five (451 days prior to the date by which plan approval must be secured. Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 9 Construction of the golf course and related improvements shall commence within one year from the date of receipt of final plan approval and be completed within three years thereafter. Plans for the second golf course and related improvements shall be submitted to the Planning Department and Final Plan Approval secured within one year thereafter. The second golf course may be constructed simultaneously with the first golf course. A ground and ocean water quality monitoring and mitigation plan shall be developed. The plan shall be submitted to and approved by-the Planning Department in consultation with the Department of Health prior to the issuance of a grading permit and/or prior to any land preparation activity being conducted on the golf course or multi-family residential sites, whichever occurs first. All utility lines shall be underground. An emergency preparedness and response plan shall be filed with the Planning Director and the Civil Defense Agency prior to receipt of occupancy for the multi-family residential units, commercial structures or establishment of the golf course, whichever occurs first. To ensure that the goals and policies of the General Plan are implemented, the Planning Director shall formulate a community benefit assessment program for implementation by the applicant prior to receipt of Final Plan Approval of the golf courses. ,. In the design of the golf courses, the County of Hawaii Planning Department's Guidelines for Golf Course Desion (November 1989, as amended) shall be utilized. The Planning Department shall determine appropriate setback requirements (i.e. building and property line) at the time of plan approval review. Should any unanticipated archaeological sites or features be uncovered during land preparation activities, work within the affected area shall immediately cease and the Planning Department notified. Work within the affected Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 10 area shall not resume until clearance is obtained from the Planning Department. The use of pesticides and herbicides in conjunction with all phases of operation shall conform with the applicable regulations of appropriate governmental agencies. During construction. best effort measures shall be taken to minimize the potential of both fugitive dust and runoff sedimentation. such best effort measures shall be in compliance with construction industry standards and practices utilized during construction projects of the State of Hawaii. Prior to golf course construction, the applicant shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Planning Department that all proposed off-site construction materials such as topsoil or sand are being supplied from an approved quarry or resource site. Comply with the requirements of the Department of Health, including the "New Golf Course Development Guidelines" dated April 1990 (Version 3) or applicable subseguent versions. 24. Comply with all other applicable laws, rules. regulations and requirements, including those of the Department of Water Supply, the Department of Public Works. the Department of Land and Natural Resources and the Department of Transportation-Highways Division. 25. Comply with applicable conditions of ordinance No. 265, as amended. the state Land Use Commission Decision an~. Order, and SMA Use Permit No. 25, as amended. 26. An annual progress reoort shall be submitted to the Planning Director prior to the anniversary date of the effective date of this amendment. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the-status of the development and to what extent the conditions of approval are being complied with. This condition shall remain in effect until all of the conditions of approval have been complied and the Planning Director acknowledges that further reports are not required. Mr. Ken Melrose August 23, 1991 Page 11 27. An initial extension of time for the performance of conditions within the permit may be granted by the Planning Director upon the following circumstances: a) the non-performance is the result of conditions that could not have been foreseen or are beyond the control of the applicant. successors or assigns. and that are not the result of their fault or negligence; bl the granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the general plan or zoning code; cl granting of the time extension would not be contrary to the original reasons for the granting of the permit; and dl the time extension granted shall be for a period not to exceed the period originally granted for performance Ci.e., a condition to be performed within one year may be extended for up to one additional year). Further, should any of the conditions not be met or substantially complied with in a timely fashion. the Director shall initiate procedures to revoke the permit. These recommendations do not, however, sanction the specific plans submitted with the applications as they may be subject to change given specific code and regulatory requirements of the affected agencies. Should you have any questions regarding the above, please feel free to contact the Planning Department at 961-8288. 6623d jdk xc: Mr. Bill Yuen Department of Public Works Department of Water Supply West Hawaii Office OSP, CZM Program w/background DLNR Department of Health sincerely, YvM k,. Li'1 u_ Mike Luce, Chairman Planning Commission Department of Transportation-Highways Department of Education Plan Approval Section .. !' PLANNING COMMISSION Planning Department County of Hawaii Hilo / 'Hawaii Application for ) SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT ) by ) BOISE CASCADE HOME AND LAND CORPORATION ) for DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTIRE WAIKOLOA RESORT COMPLEX at Anaeho 1 omalu and Waikoloa South Kohala, Hawaii ) ) ) ) ) ) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~) SMA USE PERMIT NO. 25 SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT The County Planning Commission at a duly held public hearing on February 14, 1977, considered the application of BOISE CASCADE HOME AND LAND CORPORATION for a Special Management Area Use Permit in accordance with Rule No. 9, Rules and Regulations Relating to Environmental Shoreline Protection, to allow the Development of the Entire Waikoloa Resort Complex located makai of the Queen Ka'ahurnanu Highway in the land divisions of Anaeho'omalu and Waikoloa, South ·---1/;<Jhttl-a·,-· 'l'ax Map Key 6-8-01: 26 and 6-9-07: l to 30. -·· .. ~~~--··The Commission has found that approval of the SMA Use Permit for the proposed development will not be inconsistent with the spirit and intent of Act 176 (Environmental Shoreline Protection Act) of the 1975 Legislature. The intent of Act 176 is to implement the State policy of preserving, protecting, and restoring where possible the natural resources of Hawaii's coastal zone, as well as to provide special interim controls on developments along the shoreline. The Legislature has deemed that such controls are necessary to avoid the permanent loss of valuable resources and the foreclosure of management options, and to insure that adequate public access is provided to public-owned or used beaches, recreation areas, and natural reserves. Based on development plans and supporting studies submitted by the petitioner, the proposed development is deemed to be in conformance with the policies and guidelines of Act 176 and Rule 9 of the Planning Commission in the following Ways: 1. Adequate access to the shoreline, including beach areas, will be provided. The petitioner has committed to retain Anaeho'omalu Beach and the fishponds in open space4 This area, consisting of approximately 16.3 acres, is and will be open to the public. The petitioner 1 s plans also show that a path along the shore- line will be provided. In addition, the petitioner's plans Show that pedestrian access with public parking areas will be provided along the side Property lines of makai parcels. These will extend from the main resort road to the shoreline and with the beach area and shoreline path will assure that an integrated system of public shoreline access is established. 2. The petitioner will also protect, and interpret where appropriate significant historical sites on the subject property. An archaeo~ logical survey has been conducted in the subj·ect areas and partial salvage work has been undertaken. Historical sites which will be protected include habitation complexes, the fishponds, the petroglyph field, and the King's Trail. Significant sites will be retained in open space and public access to them will be provided. Research and salvage of other sit:es will be conducted as necessary. 3.. The petitioner has made the necessary provisions for waste treatment, disposition, and management so as to minimize potential adverse effects on the area 1s natural resources. Sewage treatment facilities will be provided by the petitioner. In addition, the environmental impact statement (EIS} submitted by the petitioner has addressed the characteristics of the near- shore waters and fishponds and the potential impact of the proposed development upon them. The EIS will also be instru- mental in monkoring and assessing the impact of the proposed development as it progresses. 4.. The size of the beach or other areas usable for public recre- ational purposes will not be reduced by the proposed develop- ment. Some areas of the subject property to which public access will be made available have previously been basically inaccessible. It is expected that the proposed development will provide additional recreational opportunities for the public .. 5. There will be minimal alteration of the coastal shoreline area. Alterations will basically consist of landscaping. Structures will be sufficiently set back so that there will essentially be an open corridor along the shoreline. 6. The proposed structures will be limited in height so that they will not substantially interfere with the line of sight from the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. Although they will be visible1 the relief of the sites upon which are to be located will determine the ultimate height of each building. Landscaping, the choice of color, and the open space imposed through setback requirements and density limitations will help to minimize the visual impact of structures. In addition, the siting of structures will be closely examined so that view planes from the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway will be protected. The enforcement of other existing rules, regulations, and standards will further ensure that adverse effects are minimized and the miti- gating measures are undertaken. Furthermore, approval of the Special Management Area Use Permit shall exclude the proposed small boat harbor. Upon reviewing the appli- cation filed by the petitioner, it has found that there is insufficient evidence to warrant the approval of such a facility. Detailed plans and engineering, environmental and re.+ated studies are needed before the impact of the proposed facility can be evaluated. "In addition, other governmental reviews must be conducted before such a facility can be initiated. One of these reviews is by the Department of Health for the reclassification of the water quality class. Previous application by the petitioner for the same purpose was denied by the Department of Health in December, 1971 .. Further, the petitioner is uncertain as to the timetable for the proposed small boat harbor. When the petitioner has determined that development of such a facility might be warranted, reapplication can be made. - 2 - Therefore, The Commission hereby grants to the petitioner a Special Management Area Use Fermi t to allow the entir-e development of the Waikoloa BeaCh Resort Complex which includes 3 000 hotel rooms approximately 3,430 multiple residential units, tw; (2) golf cours~s, other recreational facilities, commercial facilities, temporary con- struction and maintenance yard, infrastructures such as roads utilities etc., and other related improvements necessary for the deve10Pment of ' the resort complex, pursuant to the authority vested in it by Rule No. 9, Rules and Regulations Relating to Environmental Shoreline Protection, subject to the following conditions: 1. That the overall development shall conform substantially to the plans submitted and the representations made by the petitioner and as described in the environmental impact statement, here- after identified as 11File Exhibit 1 11 on file in the Planning Department. Structural development and construction of the golf course shall be contingent upon approval of the change of zone request. Hotel and condominium development shall also be con- tingent upon receipt of Planned Development Permits. 2. That the method of sewage disposal shall conform to the rules and regulations of the State Department of Health. 3. That the petitioner shall set aside those historic site pre- serves identified in 11File Exhibit 1° on file in the Planning Department. The petitioner shall submit plans for the historic preserves to the Planning Director for review and approval prior to undertaking any research, restoration, reconstruction, or development within the historic preserves. Such plans shall include but not be limited to a proposed management and inter- pretation program, and the means of providing public access to the historic preserves. Further, any alteration and/or s.alvage of archaeological sites which are not located in the designated preserves shall first be approved by the Planning Director. The petitioner/representative(s) shall also submit plans for interim control and protection measures for sites which are mot to be immediately salvaged, researched, or developed within six (6) months of the effective date of approval of the change of zone request for the review and approval of the Planning Director. The petitioner/representative(s) shall also conduct an archaeological survey of the area between the King.! s Trail and the Queen Ka 1 ahumanu Highway prior to any development of that area. 4. That the King•s Trail shall be open for public access. Any breaching of the King's Trail shall first be approved by the Planning Director. The number of breaches in the King's Trail shall be limited to three, two street cross- ings and one golf cart crossing, each of which shall be of a minimal width as determined by the Planning Director and the Chief Engineer. 5. That-any proposal or program for research, maintenance, res- toration, and/or management of Ku'uali 1i and Kahapapa fishponds Shall be submitted to the Planning Director for review. The petitioner shall also provide pUblic access tO the fishponds meeting with the approval of the Planning Director. 6. That the petitioner shall provide public accesses to the shoreline meeting with the approval of the Planning Director. Such public accesses shall be provided in perpetuity and by recorded covenant running with the land. The general location of public accesses shall be as described in 11File Exhibit l.11 - 3 - 1599-080521 DRAFT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 6-9-008:022, 025, 033 AND PORTIONS OF (3) 6-9-008:013, 021, 027-029 AND 031 WAIKOLOA AHUPUA‘A SOUTH KOHALA DISTRICT ISLAND OF HAWAI‘I Haun & Associates Archaeological, Cultural, and Historical Resource Management Services 73-4161 Kaao Road, Kailua-Kona HI 96740 Phone: 808-325-2402 Fax: 808-325-1520 1599-080521 DRAFT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 6-9-008:022, 025, 033 AND PORTIONS OF (3) 6-9-008:013, 021, 027-029 AND 031 WAIKOLOA AHUPUA‘A SOUTH KOHALA DISTRICT ISLAND OF HAWAI‘I Prepared by: Alan E. Haun, Ph.D. and Dave Henry, B.S. Prepared for: Waikoloa Land Company 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive Waikoloa, HI 96738 August 2021 Haun & Associates Archaeological, Cultural, and Historical Resource Management Services 73-4161 Kaao Road, Kailua-Kona HI 96740 Phone: 808-325-2402 Fax: 808-325-1520 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | ii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY At the request of the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC) Haun & Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of approximately 182.9-acres located in Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. The project examined ten areas within the Waikoloa Beach Resort designated by Haun & Associates as Areas 1 through 10. The WLC manages development and operations at Waikoloa Beach Resort, including ownership and operations of its two golf courses, the King’s Course and the Beach Course. Development in the Waikoloa Beach Resort is proposed for three areas designated as Areas A, B and C by the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC). Area A consists of an approximately 45.9-acre portion of the King’s Course golf course, of which nine of the 18 golf courses holes will be repurposed for timeshare, single-family residential and community use. Area B is an approximately 133.8-acre area containing a portion of the King’s Course golf course seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway and north of Waikoloa Beach Drive that is slated for the construction of 900 additional timeshare units, related support and community facilities, updated golf amenities, and new public parks and trails. Area C is an approximately 3.1-acre area located at the north end of the proposed development area that will be used for a brackish water irrigation system. The objective of the AIS is to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawai‘i Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, Chapters 276 and 284, State Historic Preservation Rules (DLNR 2003). The AIS identified 14 sites with a total of 418 features. The 14 sites include nine sites identified during previous archaeological studies in the area (Sites 26869, 26871-26878) and five sites newly identified during the present project (Sites 31230 through 31234). Of the nine previously identified sites, two were noted by Ching (1971; Sites 26871 and 26876) and three were identified by Rosendahl (1972; Site 26871, 26873 and 26876). All nine previously identified sites were recorded by Donham (1987). The 14 sites in the project area are prefixed by 50- (State of Hawai‘i) and 10- (Island of Hawai‘i). Of these 14 sites, ten sites (26969, 26872-26875, 22678, and 31230-31233) are located in the ‘Anaeho‘omalu (10) quadrangle area and are therefore prefaced by the following: 50-10-10-. Three sites (Sites 26871, 26876 and 26877) are located in the Puu Hinai (11) quadrangle area and are therefore prefixed by 50-10-11-. The remaining site (31234) is present in both of the quadrangle areas. The 14 sites include one single features site and 13 complexes of features with two to 240 component features. The 418 features consist of 310 excavations, 50 abraded surfaces, 20 mounds, 13 trail segments, eight areas of battered pahoehoe, five cairns, four walls, three C-shapes, two lava blisters, two lava tubes, and one alignment. Feature function consists of resource procurement (339), tool manufacture (50), temporary habitation (15), transportation (13) and marker (1). Of the 418 features, the majority (416) are located within the Area 1 portion of the project area. The two remaining features consist of excavations within the Site 31234 complex located in either Area 2 (Feature 239) or Area 3 (Feature 240). The 14 sites documented during the AIS possess integrity of location and materials. The sites are assessed as significant under Criterion “d” and have yielded information important for understanding the pre-contact resource procurement, tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area. The mapping, written description and photography of 12 of the 14 sites have adequately document them and no further work or preservation is recommended (Sites 26869, 26872-26878, and 31231-31234). Based on consultation with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the Site 26871 trail and portions of the Site 31230 trail are recommended for preservation. The preserved portions of Site 31230 will consist of Features A-D and W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | iii the well-defined portions of Feature E. The remainder of Feature E will be memorialized as a series of dots or markers across the landscaped and paved parking area. The ephemeral Feature F possible trail is not recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. Cover photo: Overview of Area 1 (view to east-northeast) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | iv Contents MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 Scope of Work ........................................................................................................................ 1 Project Area Description ......................................................................................................... 4 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 13 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................... 16 Historical Documentary Research ......................................................................................... 16 Previous Archaeological Research ........................................................................................ 21 Previous Archaeological Work in the Project Area ................................................................ 27 Project expectations .............................................................................................................. 31 Consultation .......................................................................................................................... 31 FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................ 37 Site 26869 ............................................................................................................................. 39 Site 26871 ............................................................................................................................. 47 Site 26872 ............................................................................................................................. 53 Site 26873 ............................................................................................................................. 58 Site 26874 ............................................................................................................................. 66 Site 26875 ............................................................................................................................. 74 Site 26876 ............................................................................................................................. 75 Site 26877 ............................................................................................................................. 82 Site 26878 ............................................................................................................................. 89 Site 31230 ............................................................................................................................. 94 Site 31231 ............................................................................................................................. 98 Site 31232 ........................................................................................................................... 101 Site 31233 ........................................................................................................................... 105 Site 31234 ........................................................................................................................... 108 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 117 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 117 Treatment Recommendations ............................................................................................. 119 TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS................................................................................ 123 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 124 APPENDIX A – SUMMARY OF 31234 FEATURES ............................................................... 132 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | v Figures Figure 1. Portion of 1997 USGS 7.5 ft Anaehoomalu and Puu Hinai quadrangles showing project area parcels (obtained usgs.gov). ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2. Map of Waikoloa Beach Resort (obtained from waikoloabeachresort.com). ............................................... 3 Figure 3. Proposed development areas (obtained from PBR Hawaii). ......................................................................... 4 Figure 4. Tax Map Key 6-9-008 showing project area parcels (obtained from hawaiicounty.gov). ............................. 5 Figure 5. June 16, 2019 aerial view of project area (from Google Earth). .................................................................... 6 Figure 6. Overview of 18th fairway in Area 2 (view to south). ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 7. Existing clubhouse in Area B (view to north). ................................................................................................ 8 Figure 8. Isolated lava pocket in Area 2 (view to north). .............................................................................................. 9 Figure 9. Undisturbed lava in Area 3 (view to north-northeast)................................................................................... 9 Figure 10. Overview of 3rd fairway and cart path in Area 4 (view to east). ................................................................ 10 Figure 11. Undisturbed lava in Area 5 (view to east). ................................................................................................. 10 Figure 12. Undisturbed lava in Area 6 (view to west). ................................................................................................ 11 Figure 13. Undisturbed lava in Area 7 (view to west). ................................................................................................ 11 Figure 14. Overview of 1st fairway in Area 8 (view to east-northeast). ..................................................................... 12 Figure 15. Existing Puakala Road (view to southeast). ............................................................................................... 12 Figure 16. Isolated lava pocket in Area 8 (view to east). ............................................................................................ 13 Figure 17. Overview of 2nd fairway in Area 9 (view to east-northeast). .................................................................... 14 Figure 18. Existing pond within the golf course in Area 10 to be used for water storage (view to southeast). ......... 14 Figure 19. Undisturbed portion of Area 10 to be used for water wells (view to southwest). .................................... 15 Figure 20. Land division boundaries and Land Commission Awards (adapted from USGS 1997 7.5 ft Quadrangles).17 Figure 21. Hitchcock’s 1875 map of Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu (obtained from ags.hawaii.gov). .................. 18 Figure 22. Reinecke’s (1930) map showing sites between Kapalaoa and Kalāhuipua‘a (modified from Maly 1999:138). ................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 23. Previous archaeological work (adapted from USGS 1997 7.5 ft Quadrangles). ......................................... 25 Figure 24. Location of TMU-A through TMU-F and associated parcels (modified from Jensen and Kato 1991:3). .... 28 Figure 25. Aerial view of Areas 7 and 8 showing Kiholo-Puako Trail and Site 26880 trail outside project area (obtained from ESRI.com) ........................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 26. Portion of Wolforth et al. (2016:76) Site map showing trail inland of Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway. ...... 30 Figure 27. Segment of Forerunner Trail inspected (obtained from ESRI.com). .......................................................... 34 Figure 28. Potential extension of Site 31230 Segment E trail (dashed orange line) and newly identified Segment F (dotted orange line; obtained from ESRI.com). .......................................................................................................... 35 Figure 29. Southern end of Segment E on scaly pahoehoe (view to northwest)........................................................ 35 Figure 30. North end of Segment E where trail no longer visible (view to northwest). ............................................. 36 Figure 31. Proposed development showing extension of Feature E . ........................................................................ 36 Figure 32. Site location map. ...................................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 33. Site 26869 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 40 Figure 34. Site 26869, Feature A plan map. ................................................................................................................ 41 Figure 35. Entrance to Site 26869 lava tube and Features A2 and A3 (view to west). ............................................... 42 Figure 36. Terrace within Site 26869, Feature A lava tube (view to east). ................................................................. 42 Figure 37. Site 26869, Feature B1 excavation (view to east). ..................................................................................... 43 Figure 38. Site 26869, Feature B2 excavation (view to east-southeast). .................................................................... 43 Figure 39. Site 26869, Feature B3 excavation (view to northeast). ............................................................................ 44 Figure 40. Site 26869, Feature C1 and C2 excavation (view to west). ........................................................................ 45 Figure 41. Site 26869, Feature C3 excavation (view to northeast). ............................................................................ 45 Figure 42. Site 26869, Feature C4 excavation (view to north). ................................................................................... 46 Figure 43. Site 26871, Feature A trail (view to northwest). ........................................................................................ 48 Figure 44. Close up of Feature A trail showing worn stones (view to north). ............................................................ 48 Figure 45. Site 26871, Feature B trail (view to southeast). ......................................................................................... 49 Figure 46. Site 26871, Feature C trail (view to northwest). ........................................................................................ 49 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | vi Figures (cont.) Figure 47. Site 26871, Feature D trail (view to southeast). ........................................................................................ 50 Figure 48. Site 26871, Feature E trail (view to west). ................................................................................................. 50 Figure 49. Site 26871, Feature C trail and Feature F cairn (view to west). ................................................................. 51 Figure 50. Site 26871, Feature F cairn (view to west-southwest). .............................................................................. 51 Figure 51. Site 26872 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 54 Figure 52. Site 26872, Feature B excavation (view to north). ..................................................................................... 55 Figure 53. Site 26872, Feature E, Feature F and Feature G excavations (view to north). .......................................... 55 Figure 54. Site 26872, Feature J, Feature K, Feature M and Feature N excavations (view to north-northeast). ....... 56 Figure 55. Site 26872, Feature O excavation (view to north). .................................................................................... 56 Figure 56. Site 26873 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 59 Figure 57. Entrance to Site 26873, Feature A lava tube (view to northwest). ............................................................ 60 Figure 58. Plan map of Site 26873, Feature A, modified from Rosendahl (1972:71). ................................................ 60 Figure 59. Site 26873, Feature C wall and Feature D C-shape (view to north). .......................................................... 61 Figure 60. Site 26873, Feature E alignment and Feature E1 through E4 abraded surfaces (Feature A in background (view to west). ............................................................................................................................................................ 61 Figure 61. Site 26873, Feature F trail (view to west). ................................................................................................. 63 Figure 62. Site 26873, Feature B excavation (view to northeast). .............................................................................. 63 Figure 63. Site 26873, Feature G excavation (view to northeast). ............................................................................. 64 Figure 64. Site 26873, Feature H1 and H2 excavations (view to north). .................................................................... 64 Figure 65. Site 26873, Feature H3 through H5 excavations view to north). ............................................................... 65 Figure 66. Site 26874 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 67 Figure 67. Site 26874, Feature B wall and Feature E abraded surfaces (view to northeast). ..................................... 68 Figure 68. Site 26874, Feature A excavation (view to southeast). ............................................................................. 68 Figure 69. Site 26874, Feature D1 excavation (view to north). .................................................................................. 69 Figure 70. Site 26874, Feature D3, D4 and D5 (view to northeast). ........................................................................... 69 Figure 71. Site 26874, Feature D8 and D9 excavations (view to north). .................................................................... 70 Figure 72. Site 26874, Feature E10 through E13 (view to east). ................................................................................. 71 Figure 73. Site 26874, Feature E14 through E16 (view to east). ................................................................................. 72 Figure 74. Site 26874, Feature E18, E19 and E22 (view to east). ................................................................................ 72 Figure 75. Site 26875 plan map and photograph. ...................................................................................................... 74 Figure 76. Site 26876 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 76 Figure 77. Site 26876, Feature A wall and Feature A2 cairn (view to west). .............................................................. 77 Figure 78. Site 26876, Feature B excavation (view to west). ...................................................................................... 77 Figure 79. Site 26876, Feature C excavation (view to northwest). ............................................................................. 78 Figure 80. Site 26876, Feature D2 excavation (view to west)..................................................................................... 78 Figure 81. Site 26876, Feature D3 excavation (view to northwest). ........................................................................... 79 Figure 82. Site 26876, Feature D7 and D8 excavations (view to northeast). .............................................................. 79 Figure 83. Site 26876, Feature D11 and Feature E trail (view to northwest). ............................................................ 80 Figure 84. C-shape and cairn configuration noted by Walker and Haun (1987:22) at Kahuku. ................................. 81 Figure 85. Site 26877 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 83 Figure 86. Site 26877, Feature A C-shape (view to east). ........................................................................................... 84 Figure 87. Site 26877, Feature B cairn (view to north). .............................................................................................. 84 Figure 88. Site 26877, Feature C-3 excavation (view to southwest)........................................................................... 85 Figure 89. Site 26877, Feature C4 excavation (view to west). .................................................................................... 85 Figure 90. Site 26877, Feature C5 (view to northeast). .............................................................................................. 86 Figure 91. Site 26877, Feature C9 (view to southeast). .............................................................................................. 86 Figure 92. Site 26877, Feature D lava blister (view to northeast). ............................................................................. 88 Figure 93. Site 26877, Feature E mound (view to east). ............................................................................................. 88 Figure 94. Site 26878 plan map .................................................................................................................................. 90 Figure 95. Site 26878, Feature A C-shape and Feature D mound (view to north) ...................................................... 91 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | vii Figures (cont.) Figure 96. Site 26878, Feature B1 excavation (view to east) ...................................................................................... 91 Figure 97. Site 26878, Features C3 through C-5 excavations 9view to northeast) ..................................................... 92 Figure 98. Site 26878, Feature B3 mound (view to north) ......................................................................................... 92 Figure 99. Site 31230, Feature A trail (view to east-southeast). ................................................................................ 95 Figure 100. Site 31230, Feature C trail (view to east). ................................................................................................ 95 Figure 101. Site 31230, Feature D trail (view to southeast). ...................................................................................... 96 Figure 102. Site 31230, Feature E trail (view to south). .............................................................................................. 96 Figure 103. Site 31230, Feature E and Feature F trail (view to west). ........................................................................ 97 Figure 104. Site 31231 site map................................................................................................................................ 100 Figure 105. Overview of Site 31231 (view to north). ................................................................................................ 100 Figure 106. Site 31232 plan map. ............................................................................................................................. 102 Figure 107. Site 31232, Feature A3 through A5 abraded surfaces (view to southwest). ......................................... 103 Figure 108. Site 31232, Feature B1 through B3 abraded surfaces (view to south-southeast). ................................ 103 Figure 109. Site 31233 plan map. ............................................................................................................................. 105 Figure 110. Site 31233, Feature A wall (view to east). ............................................................................................. 106 Figure 111. Site 31233, Feature B cairn (view to north). .......................................................................................... 106 Figure 112. Hole in center of Feature B (view to north). .......................................................................................... 107 Figure 113. Site 31233, Feature C collapsed cairn (view to east). ............................................................................ 107 Figure 114. Site 31234 features. ............................................................................................................................... 109 Figure 115. Site 31234, Feature 21 excavation (view to northwest). ....................................................................... 110 Figure 116. Site 31234, Feature 26 excavation (view to northeast). ........................................................................ 110 Figure 117. Site 31234, Feature 27 excavation (view to southeast). ........................................................................ 111 Figure 118. Site 31234, Feature 62 excavation (view to south-southeast). ............................................................. 111 Figure 119. Site 31234, Feature 19 bird excavation (view to northwest). ................................................................ 112 Figure 120. Site 31234, Feature 36 bird excavation (view to south). ....................................................................... 112 Figure 121. Site 31234, Feature 166 bird excavation (view to west). ....................................................................... 113 Figure 122. Site 31234, Feature 202 bird excavation (view to west). ....................................................................... 113 Figure 123. Site 31234, Feature 175 material stockpile (view to north). ................................................................. 114 Figure 124. Site 31234, Feature 227 material stockpile (view to north). ................................................................. 114 Figure 125. Site 31234, Feature 29 area of battered pahoehoe (view to southeast). .............................................. 115 Figure 126. Site 31234, Feature 133 area of battered pahoehoe (view to north). ................................................... 115 Figure 127. Site 31234 waterworn basalt basher (view to east). ............................................................................. 116 Figure 128. Goats in project area (view to southeast).Significance Assessments .................................................... 118 Figure 129. Location of archaeological preserves in vicinity of project area. ........................................................... 122 Tables Table 1. Summary of areas examined during the project. ............................................................................................ 7 Table 2. Summary of Previous archaeological work. .................................................................................................. 24 Table 3. Summary of identified sites. ......................................................................................................................... 37 Table 4. Summary of Site 26872 excavations. ............................................................................................................ 53 Table 5. Summary of Site 26873 excavations. ............................................................................................................ 62 Table 6. Summary of Site 26874 excavations. ............................................................................................................ 66 Table 7. Summary of Site 26874, Feature E abraded surfaces. .................................................................................. 71 Table 8. Summary of Site 26874 abraders. ................................................................................................................. 73 Table 9. Summary of Site 26876 excavations. ............................................................................................................ 75 Table 10. Summary of Site 26877, Feature C excavations. ......................................................................................... 82 Table 11. Summary of Site 26878 excavations and mound ........................................................................................ 89 Table 12. Summary of Site 31231 abraders. ............................................................................................................... 99 Table 13. Summary of Site 31232 abraded surfaces. ................................................................................................ 101 Table 14. Summary of Site 31232 abraders. ............................................................................................................. 104 Table 15. Site significance and treatment recommendations. ................................................................................. 119 Table 16. Archaeological Preserves .......................................................................................................................... 121 T M K : ( 3 )8 -7 -0 1 1 : 0 1 5 R e p o r t N o . 1 5 86-110619 Haun & Associates | 1 INTRODUCTION At the request of the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC), Haun & Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of approximately 182.9-acres within Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i (Figure 1). The WLC manages development and operations at Waikoloa Beach Resort, including ownership and operations of its two golf courses, the King’s Course and the Beach Course. The objective of the AIS is to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawai‘i Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, Chapters 276 and 284, State Historic Preservation Rules (DLNR 2003). The Waikoloa Beach Resort is an approximately 1,350-acre resort facility located on the northwestern coast of Hawai‘i Island. The resort is located seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway, extending between ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay in the south and Makaiwa Bay in the north. Figure 2 is a map of the resort obtained from www.waikoloabeachresort.com. The resort is comprised of golf courses, condominiums, villas, and hotels and is bisected by the King’s Trail or the Kiholo-Puako Trail; an ancient Hawaiian transportation route that parallels the coastline. Development in the Waikoloa Beach Resort is proposed for three areas designated as Areas A, B and C by the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC; Figure 3). Area A consists of an approximately 45.9-acre portion of King’s Course golf course, of which nine of the 18 golf courses holes will be repurposed for timeshare, single-family residential and community use. Area B is an approximately 133.8-acre area containing a portion of the King’s Course golf course seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway and north of Waikoloa Beach Drive that is slated for the construction of 900 additional timeshare units, related support and community facilities, updated golf amenities, and new public parks and trails. Area C is an approximately 3.1-acre area located at the north end of the proposed development area that will be used for a brackish water irrigation system. The survey fieldwork was conducted between December 2019 and November 20, 2020 by Haun & Associates Project Supervisors Solomon Kailihiwa, M.S and Juliana Kailihiwa, B.A, and a crew of three field archaeologist (Dan Trout, B.S., Ben Seay, B.A., Katelyn Ingersol, B.A., and Jonah Kapu, B.A.), under the direction of Dr. Alan Haun. Approximately 350 person hours of labor were required to complete the fieldwork portion of the project. Described in this final report are the project scope of work, field methods, background information, survey findings, and significance assessments of the sites with recommended treatments. Scope of Work Based on DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys the following specific tasks were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the project: 1. Conduct background review and research of existing archaeological and historical documentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity--including examination of Land Commission Awards, ahupua‘a records, historic maps, archival materials, archaeological reports, and other historical sources; 2. Conduct a high intensity, 100% pedestrian survey coverage of the project area; 3. Conduct detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scale plan drawings, written descriptions, and photographs, as appropriate; 4. Conduct limited subsurface testing (manual excavation) at selected sites to determine feature function; 5. Analyze background research and field data; and 6. Prepare and submit Final Report. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 2 Figure 1. Portion of 1997 USGS 7.5 ft Anaehoomalu and Puu Hinai quadrangles showing project area parcels (obtained usgs.gov). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 3 Figure 2. Map of Waikoloa Beach Resort (obtained from waikoloabeachresort.com). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 4 Project Area Description The project is comprised of ten survey areas (Areas 1 through Area 10) located within the Waikoloa Beach Resort, situated from approximately 850 to 2,050 meters inland of the shoreline between ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Honoka‘ope Bays, at elevations ranging from approximately 30 to 100 feet elevation. The elevations presented in this report are in feet above mean sea level. The ten survey areas are all situated within Tax Map Key (3)-6-9-008 (Figure 4) and are summarized in Table 1. These areas are depicted on a June 16, 2019 aerial photograph of the area, obtained from Google Earth (Figure 5). The areas range from approximately 2.9-acres (Area 4) to 64.7-acres (Area 2) and comprise a total area of approximately 182.9-acres. The ten areas are described below. The ten survey areas examined are located within either Development Area A (Areas 4-9), Area B (Areas 1-3), or Area C (Area 10; see Table 1). Area 1 is an approximately 47.3-acre undeveloped parcel comprising TMK: (3) 6-9-008:033 and portions of Parcel 13. It is bordered on the south by Waikoloa Beach Drive and by condominiums, golf course (King’s Course, 18th fairway, and Beach Course, 3rd fairway) and infrastructure facilities to the north and west (see Figure 5). The area to the southeast is undeveloped. A maintenance road extends through the western portion of Area 1. According to Sato et al. (1973: Sheet 35), the majority of Area 1 (96.5% or 45.7-acres) is comprised of pahoehoe lava with the remaining 1.6-acres (3.5%) consisting of a‘ā lava. However, examination of the area indicates that there is considerably more a‘ā lava present, particularly in the northeastern portion. Pahoehoe lava is described by Sato et al. (1973:34) as a miscellaneous land type with little or no soil or vegetation with the exception of mosses and lichens. “This lava has a billowy, glassy surface that is relatively smooth. In some areas however, the surface is rough and broken, and there are hummocks and pressure domes” (ibid.). It is classified as suitable for watershed. Figure 3. Proposed development areas (obtained from PBR Hawaii). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 5 Figure 4. Tax Map Key 6-9-008 showing project area parcels (obtained from hawaiicounty.gov). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 6 Figure 5. June 16, 2019 aerial view of project area (from Google Earth). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 7 Table 1. Summary of areas examined during the project. According to Sato et al. (ibid.) a‘ā lava consists of a “clinkery, hard, glassy, sharp pieces piled in tumbled heaps” that has “practically no soil covering and is bare of vegetation, except for lichens, ferns and a few small ohia trees”. Both lava types are classified as suitable for watershed. An overview of Area 1 is presented on the cover of this report. Approximately 9.8-acres within Area 1 was mechanically disturbed prior to the current project. A bulldozed road cut enters the southeast side of the parcel and extends to the northwest where a large graded area is located (4.5-acres). The area to the west of the maintenance road has also been impacted; however, isolated pockets of undisturbed lava flow are present (4.0-acres). The area to the east of the maintenance road, in the southeastern portion of Area 1 has similarly been disturbed (1.3-acres). The extent of this disturbance is depicted in Figure 32 in the Findings section of this report. Area 2 is an approximately 64.8-acre area that consists of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:025 and portions TMK: (3) 6-9-008:029 located adjacent to Area 1 to the northeast. The majority of this area is currently in use as the 13th through 18th golf course fairways and holes of the King’s Course (Figure 6), with portions containing the existing golf course clubhouse and parking area (Figure 7). The clubhouse portion of the area has been completely developed and landscaped. The remainder consists of small areas of exposed lava (Figure 8). The majority of Area 2 (97.6% or 63.2-acres) is comprised of a‘ā lava, with the remainder (2.4% or 1.6-acres) consisting of pahoehoe lava. Area 3 is an approximately 21.7-acre undeveloped area (TMK: (3) 6-9-008:022) located adjacent to Area 2 and the 12th hole of the King’s Course to the southeast. This area is comprised completed of a‘ā lava. Figure 9 depicts an overview photograph of Area 3. Area 4 is an approximately 2.9-acre area comprising portions of TMK: (3) 6-9- 008:028 located along the north side of the King’s Course. This is currently in use as the 3rd golf course fairway and is underlain by a‘ā lava. Small pockets of undisturbed lava are present. Figure 10 an overview photograph of Area 4. Area 5 (approximately 4.3-acres), and Area 6 (approximately 12.3-acres) are undeveloped areas comprising portions of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:021 located along the north sides of the King’s Course. Area 7 (approximately 8.2-acres) is also undeveloped with a small disturbed area north of Puakala Road. These areas consist completed of a‘ā lava and are situated approximately 10 meters east of the King’s Trail or the Kiholo-Puako Trail. Overview photographs of Areas 5, 6 and 7 are presented in Figure 11 through Figure 13. Area 8 is an approximately 8.0-acre portion of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:027 currently in use as the 1st golf course fairway (Figure 14) and a portion of the paved Puakala Road that comprises TMK: (3) 6-9-008:031 (Figure 15). Isolated pockets of undisturbed lava are present in the golf course (Figure 16). Area 8 is comprised completely of ‘ā lava. Area Acreage Resort development area TMK: (3) 6-9-008:Current condition Soil (Sato et al, 1973) 1 47.3 B Parcel 033 and Portion of Parcel 013 Undeveloped Pahoehoe lava (96.5%; 41.948-acres) and A‘ā lava (3.5%; 1.52-acres) 2 64.8 B Parcel 025 and Portion of Parcel 029 Existing golf course, clubhouse and practice area with small undisturbed areas (Holes 13th-18th) A‘ā lava (97.6%; 59.4-acres) and Pahoehoe lava (2.4%; 1.4-acres) 3 21.7 B Parcel 022 Undeveloped A‘ā lava (100%) 4 2.9 A Portion of Parcel 028 Existing golf course (3rd fairway)A‘ā lava (100%) 5 4.3 A Portion of Parcel 021 Undeveloped A‘ā lava (100%) 6 12.3 A Portion of Parcel 021 Undeveloped A‘ā lava (100%) 7 8.2 A Portion of Parcel 021 Mostly undeveloped with small disturbed area A‘ā lava (100%) 8 8.0 A Portion of Parcel 027 and 031 Existing golf course (1st fairway) with portion of Puakala Road A‘ā lava (100%) 9 10.2 A Portion of Parcel 021 and Parcel 28 Existing golf course (2nd fairway)A‘ā lava (100%) 10 3.1 C Portion of Parcel 013 and Parcel 28 Existing golf course pond, shoulder of road, and undeveloped A‘ā lava (100%) Total 182.9 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 8 Figure 6. Overview of 18th fairway in Area 2 (view to south). Figure 7. Existing clubhouse in Area B (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 9 Figure 8. Isolated lava pocket in Area 2 (view to north). Figure 9. Undisturbed lava in Area 3 (view to north-northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 10 Figure 10. Overview of 3rd fairway and cart path in Area 4 (view to east). Figure 11. Undisturbed lava in Area 5 (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 11 Figure 12. Undisturbed lava in Area 6 (view to west). Figure 13. Undisturbed lava in Area 7 (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 12 Figure 14. Overview of 1st fairway in Area 8 (view to east-northeast). Figure 15. Existing Puakala Road (view to southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 13 Figure 16. Isolated lava pocket in Area 8 (view to east). Area 9 is an approximately 10.2-acre portion of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:021 and 028 located along the north side of the King’s Course south of Area 6. This is currently in use as the 2nd golf course fairway with isolated pockets of undisturbed lava and is underlain by ‘ā lava. Figure 17 depicts an overview photograph of Area 9. Area 10 is an approximately 3.1-acre portion of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:013 and 028 located along the north and south sides of Waikoloa Beach Drive in the northern portion of the project area. This area comprises Development Area C and consists of an area seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway, and south of Waikoloa Beach Drive to be used for irrigation wells, a pipeline transmission corridor along the road shoulder along the south side of Waikoloa Beach Drive, and a storage reservoir comprising an existing pond within the golf course (Figure 18). The northeastern end of the irrigation well area has been bulldozed, although the remainder is undisturbed (Figure 19). This area is comprised of ‘ā lava. The pahoehoe and a‘ā lava in the area originated from Mauna Loa Volcano, deposited 3,000 to 5,000 years ago (Wolfe and Morris 2001:11 and Sheet 1). Vegetation in the project area was limited to manicured golf course and landscapes and widely scattered pockets of fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum). Annual rainfall ranges from 204 to 750 mm (8.0 to 29.5 inches; Giambelluca et al. 2013). The mean average temperature in this general area is approximately 75 degrees F (usclimatedata.com). There are no surface water sources present in the project area. Methods Archival research was conducted at the Hamilton Library Hawai‘i and Pacific Collection at the University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, the University of Hawai‘i at Hilo Hawaiian Collection, the Land Survey Office and the Archives Division of the Hawai‘i Department of Accounting and General Services, the Bishop Museum Archives, the SHPD library in Hilo, the State Survey Division, and the Hawai‘i State Public Libraries in Honolulu and Hilo. The portions of the project area occupied by existing golf course fairways were examined by the careful inspection of all isolated pockets of lava. The remaining portions of the project area were examined with crew members spaced at ten meters intervals. The ground surface visibility was excellent due to the absence of vegetation. The identified features were flagged with pink and blue flagging tape and were located with the aid of a Garmin Global W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 14 Figure 17. Overview of 2nd fairway in Area 9 (view to east-northeast). Figure 18. Existing pond within the golf course in Area 10 to be used for water storage (view to southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 15 Figure 19. Undisturbed portion of Area 10 to be used for water wells (view to southwest). Positioning System (GPS) Model 60-series device using the North American Datum (NAD) 1983 datum. The accuracy of the GPS device for a single point is +/- 3-5 m. This accuracy was increased to approximately 2-3 meters during the project by taking multiple points including property corners and overlying the plotted points on a scaled map using AutoCAD software. The boundary for most of the sites in the project area was determined during previous archaeological work in the parcel (Sites 26869 and 26871-26878). Several newly identified sites and features were also documented (Sites 31230 through 31234). The features at the majority of these sites are of similar age and are less than 15 meters apart. The exception to this is a complex of excavations, stockpile mounds and areas of battered pahoehoe scattered through Areas 1, 2 and 3 (Site 31234). These features were designated as components of a single resource procurement complex due to the absence of other associated function feature types. Most of the sites identified during the AIS were subjected to detailed recording. This documentation consisted of the preparation of a detailed plan map created by establishing a baseline with a 50 meter tape, then obtaining perpendicular measurements with a hand tape. The exception to this are two trail complexes (Site 26871 and 31230) and the aforementioned Site 31234 resource procurement complex. The trails were documented by obtaining GPS points along their lengths, and documenting widths and construction details at various locations with a hand tape. The features of Site 31234 were documented by recording length, width, height, shape and GPS coordinates. Photographs were taken of all sites and representative feature types at Site 31234. A metal site tag was placed at each site and the tag’s location was plotted on the site plan map. No subsurface testing was undertaken due to the absence of soil in the project area. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 16 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Historical Documentary Research The project area is situated inland of the shoreline between ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Honoka‘ope Bays (see Figure 1). Haun et al. (2003), Welch (1989) and Barrera (1971), Barrere (1971, 1983) discuss the traditional land divisions of Waikoloa, and the adjacent lands of Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu (Figure 20). Their research focused on Land Commission Award (LCA) testimony, Boundary Commission testimony, and other historic documents. In earlier times, Waimea was a sub-district or kalana of Kohala that included all of the land in the district south of Waikoloa Stream. Waimea was composed of eight subdivisions with the majority of the subdistrict being composed of the ‘ili of Waikoloa and Pu‘ukapu. The remainder consisted of the ‘ili of Wai‘aka, Lālāmilo, ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalāhuipua‘a, Puakō, and ‘Ōuli. According to Alexander (1882), there are two classifications of ‘ili. Ahupua‘a were typically sub-divided into ‘ili with their own name and specific boundaries. The first type of ‘ili was a “subdivision of the Ahupuaa for the convenience of the chief holding the same, who received its revenues from his konohiki or agent” (Alexander 1882: 5). The second type is the "‘ili Kupono‘ or ‘Ku, which were independent of the ahupua‘a and generally did not pay tribute to its chief. Thus the transfer of the ahupua‘a to a new chief did not affect the ownership of the ‘Ili Kūpono located within its boundaries” (Alexander 1882: 5). Figure 21 is an 1875 map by Hitchcock obtained from the Archives Division of the Hawai‘i Department of Accounting and General Services (DAGS; http://ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search). This map depicts Kalāhuipua‘a (Lahuipua‘a), ‘Anaeho‘omalu and the adjacent land of Waikoloa. This map shows the inland boundary of Kalāhuipua‘a (Lahuipua‘a) and ‘Anaeho‘omalu was the government road and Waikoloa Ahupua‘a. The seaward ends of these ahupua‘a were marked with ahu (cairn) and the boundary between Kalāhuipua‘a and Waimea was delineated by an ahu at a place called “Kahopea”. The inland boundary between Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu is marked by an ahu at “Pohakuloa”, and the boundary between ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Pu‘u-anahulu is marked by an ahu at “Ahualono”. Traditional and legendary references to the general project area vicinity are presented in detail in Maly (1999) and Barrera (1971) and are summarized here. According to legendary accounts in about the thirteenth century, Kama‘iole, a cruel chief, was killed in a battle at ‘Anaeho‘omalu. During the same period, fishing and salt making are described. In the sixteenth century, the Hawai‘i Island ruler Lono-i-ka-makahiki, the grandson of ‘Umi-a-Liloa, put down a revolt by a group of rebel chiefs who were encamped at ‘Anaeho‘omalu. Lono-i-ka-makahiki erected an altar, Ke-Ahu-a Lono (The-Altar-made-by-Lono), on the boundary between Kona and Kohala at ‘Anaeho‘omalu to consecrate a cooperative covenant between the chief and his trusted advisor, Kapaihiahilina, who had been slandered. The altar was built at the time Lono-i-ka-makahiki was preparing to battle the invading forces of the Maui King Kama-Kama- lala-walu. Fornander (1917) describes the meeting on how the shrine came to be on the boundary between Kona and Kohala: When Lonoikamakahiki set sail on his search for his friend, Kapaihiahilina had already arrived at Anaehoomalu and soon afterwards was followed by Lonoikamakahiki and others. Lonoikamakahiki saw Kapaihiahilina sitting on the sand beach when the canoes were being hauled ashore. Lonoikamakahiki immediately began to wail and also described their previous wanderings together. Kapaihiahilina recognizing the king also commenced wailing. When they came together and had ceased weeping and conversing, then Lonoikamakahiki made a covenant W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 17 Figure 20. Land division boundaries and Land Commission Awards (adapted from USGS 1997 7.5 ft Quadrangles). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 18 Figure 21. Hitchcock’s 1875 map of Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu (obtained from ags.hawaii.gov). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 19 between them, that there would be no more strife, nor would he hearken to the voice of slander which surrounds him, and in order that the understanding between them should be made binding, Lonoikamakahiki built a temple of rocks as a place for the offering of their prayers and the making of oaths to Lonoikamakahiki’s god to fully seal the covenant. Kapaihiahilina observed that Lonoikamakahiki was sincere in his desires and at that moment gave his consent to return with Lonoikamakahiki. After their religious observance at this place they returned to Kona and resided at Kaawaloa, in South Kona. (Tradition says because of the covenant entered into for the erection of the mound of rocks at Anaehoomalu, the boundary between Kohala and Kona was named Keahualono, and that place has been known ever since by that name signifying the erection of a mound of rocks by Lonoikamakahiki). (Fornander 1917 Volume 4-3:360,362) Early historic accounts from Cook’s voyage in 1779 and Arago in 1819 describe the general vicinity as desolate and sparsely inhabited based on observations made from the ships (Maly 1999). Ellis traveled from Kawaihae to Kailua by canoe in 1823 stopping at Puakō situated to the north and Kapalaoa, a small settlement a short distance south of ‘Anaeho‘omalu. Aquaculture played an important role in the lives of ancient Hawaiians. According to Apple and Kikuchi: Hawai‘i had intense true aquaculture. As far as is known, fishponds existed nowhere else in the Pacific in types and numbers as in prehistoric Hawai‘i. Only in the Hawaiian Islands was there an intensive effort to utilize practically every body of water, from the seashore to the upland forests, as a source of food, either agriculturally or aquaculturally. Fish, crustaceans, shellfish, and seaweed were some of the products of the totally indigenous aquacultural system. …By the end of the 18th century, more than 300 fishponds were conspicuously owned by the high Chiefs. Accessibility to these ponds and their products was limited to the elite minority of the native population -- the chiefs and priests. Prehistoric ponds and pond products appear to have been taboo to the vast majority of Hawaiians and to have yielded them no direct benefit. However, indirect public benefit came from ownership by the chiefs of exclusive food sources. Royal fishponds and their terrestrial equivalents, the royal gardens (Ko‘ele), insured less demand on the commoners' food production resources. Every fish taken from a royal fishpond left its counterpart in natural habitat available to lesser Chiefs and commoners. Ownership of one or more fishponds was one of the ultimate, high-status symbols in the status-conscious Hawaiian culture. (Apple and Kikuchi 1975:1-2) John Palmer Parker settled in Hawai‘i in 1815 and became a renowned bullock hunter (Haun et al. 2003). He became friends with John Young and spent much of his early years at Kealakekua, where Kamehameha held court. After the death of Kamehameha in 1819, Parker moved to Waiapuka in Kohala with his ali‘i wife, Kipikane and their new-born daughter (Wellmon 1970: 20-26). In the 1840s, political acts of the Hawaiian Kingdom government would change the land tenure system in Hawai‘i. All lands were segregated into one of three categories: Crown Lands owned by the occupant of the throne, Government Lands controlled by the state, and Konohiki Lands controlled by the chiefs; and were subject to native tenant rights (Chinen 1958, Beamer 2014). In 1846, King Kamehameha III appointed a Board of commissioners commonly known as the Land Commissioners, to “confirm or reject all claims to land arising previously to the 10th day of December, AD 1845.” Notices were frequently posted in The Polynesian (Moffat and Kirkpatrick, 1995); however, the legislature did not acknowledge this act until June 7, 1848 (Chinen 1958:16; Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995:48-49) and the act is known today as The Great Māhele. In 1850, the Kingdom government passed laws allowing foreigners to purchase fee simple lands (Speakman 2001:91). The Kuleana Act of 1850 allowed for fee simple land W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 20 ownership by commoners. The Waihona ‘Aina (2000) Māhele Database; which is a compilation of data from the Indices of Awards (Indices 1929), Native Register (NR n.d.), Native Testimony (NT n.d.), Foreign Register (FR n.d.) and Foreign Testimony (FT n.d.) provides information on the Land Commission Awards (LCA) during the Māhele. This database indicates that Waikoloa was deemed Crown Land, of which Isaac Davis received a large portion. Waikoloa (LCA 8521-B) was sometimes referred to as “Waikoloa Nui” and “Waikoloa Iki”, differentiating between the Crown Land and Davis’ land respectively. The Crown Land portion later became known as Lālāmilo and Davis’ portion as simply Waikoloa. The adjacent coastal lands of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalāhuipua‘a were retained by the Crown as ‘ili kūpono. Kamehameha III gave these lands to his wife Kalama (LCA 4452; see Figure 20). ‘Anaeho‘omalu was claimed by Kahenehene (LCA 4100), but she relinquished it (Maly 1999:19). In 1850, John Parker purchased 640 acres of land at Mana from the Hawaiian Government. The following year, Parker purchased an additional 1,000 acres. In 1852, Kamehameha III granted a lease to Parker for the lands of Waikoloa, giving Parker the competitive edge to control the developing ranching industry (Wellmon 1970:75). Parker’s grandson, Samuel Parker, purchased ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalāhuipua‘a from the estate of Charles Kana‘ina, Queen Kalama’s uncle, in 1878 (Barrera 1971). These lands were used by the ranch for recreation, fishing, and aquaculture. In the early 1900s, the Parker family acquired Waikoloa and ‘Ōuli in fee-simple, giving them 100,000 acres of grazing land (Wellmon 1970: 75). Alfred W. Carter, guardian of Thelma Parker and manager of Parker Ranch, did much to aid ranching by improving cattle stock, conserve tree-less ranch lands by planting new and better grasses, and organizing the Hawai‘i Meat Company to provide ranchers an outlet to market their beef and beef products (Brundage 1971:59,28). The ranch sold Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu to Francis Ī‘ī Brown in 1936 (Maly 1999:126). Mr. Carter managed Parker Ranch until 1937 when his son, Hartwell Carter took over the position of ranch manager and remained in that capacity for the next twenty-five years. As a major supplier of beef, Parker Ranch played a pivotal role in providing beef to the Armed Forces in Hawai‘i during both WWI and WWII. The Waikoloa Maneuver Area, an area of 91,000 acres acquired by the U.S. Navy in December 1943 through a license agreement with Richard Smart of Parker Ranch for the sum of $1.00 (Brundage 1971: 109). The training area extended from the ocean to the Pohakuloa Training Area, and from the Waimea- Kawaihae Road to south of the Waikoloa Road. The area was used for military exercises including the use of live ammunition and other explosives. The land was returned to Parker Ranch in September 1946. The project area is located in the Waikoloa Beach Resort area (see Figure 2). According to Sea Engineering, Inc., citing long time resident of the area, Mr. Chuck Dewitt, 31,000 acres of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and coastal Waikoloa were purchased by Boise-Cascade Properties, Inc. from the Parker Ranch in 1968: Shortly thereafter development of a destination resort was initiated, and Queen Kaahumanu Highway from Kailua-Kona to Kawaihae was completed by the state in 1974. The Marriott, located directly behind Kuualii fishpond, opened in 1981, though it was the Sheraton at that time. In 1988 the Hyatt (now Hilton) hotel opened at the north end of the property… It is leased to the Waikoloa Beach Association (WBA), an organization comprised of the hotel owners and other resort elements, which are responsible for maintaining the pond and beach in a neat and attractive condition, and for maintaining/replacing common infrastructure on the property. (Sea Engineering, Inc. 2012:1) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 21 Previous Archaeological Research Waikoloa Ahupua‘a and the adjacent lands of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a have been subjected to extensive previous archaeological investigations. The earliest study in the region was conducted between 1929 and 1930 by John Reinecke. Reinecke (1930) was contracted by the Bishop Museum to survey and document archaeological sites in West Hawai‘i. His survey identified ten sites (Sites 138-146) in the general vicinity of the project area, between Pu‘u-anahulu and Kalāhuipua‘a (Figure 22). These sites consist of shelters and houses, ponds and burials. Reinecke’s descriptions of these sites, taken from Maly (1999) are presented below. Site 138. Kapalaoa. On the a-a where it gives place to the pahoehoe are five or more rude shelters. The oasis is bounded at the south with a wall. By the gate is a small pen. On the beach just makai is some sort of site. The little headland within the line of the wall is a complex of small enclosures for salt-making. There are two small platforms, one or both being the kuula named PUAKO. The oasis as far as Desha’s house is cut up by stone walls, within them palms, a few wells now dry, platforms—at least five modern house platforms—and a shelter. On the brittle, easily chipped pahoehoe by the southern gate are many petroglyphs. From the names found in connection with them and the carvings of sailing ships, one can see that they belong to a period after 1830, but old Alapai, who has lived at Kapalaoa since about 1860, says that they were there when he came… [Reinecke was told the story of Kuaiwa—which he was informed was a chief of the area—and how he lost his life to Pele]. Kapalaoa is inhabited only by the family of Alapai, the stories bout [sic] whom and his family have been secured from Mrs. Yanagi Site 139. The first stone wall, at the north of Kapalaoa land, has a house platform just south of it. North is a large papamu…15 x 15, two others worn smooth, and unfinished papamu, and three petroglyphs. A few pools and marshes, one partially surrounded by a wall. A clump of lauhala in the a-a 100 yards mauka shows a spring there. Site 140. Anaehoomalu. There are graves on the a-a back of the line of kiawe. Several yard walls in more or less ruin; two house platforms and one walled house site, perhaps two. Most of Anaehoomalu is comprised in the beach and the two-story house among the cocopalms, with its yard. Back of the pond are three walled house sites, one partly on the location of an older site. [Reinecke Ms. 1930:26-27] Site 141. At the north end of the small pond I observed three house sites, but there undoubtedly have been many more. This strip of coast is low and stormswept, which accounts for the absence of ruins. A line of pools, some with good water, runs northward half a mile along the coast. At one by Kaauau Point are two small shelters. The approximate location of the heiau KAEO was indicated to me, but I did not see it. Site 142. At Waialua [Waiulua] no ruins are apparent except for one shelter and a few rude hut sites at the Kohala side of the entrance to the shallows. Site 143. A slightly brackish spring and several shelters, half a dozen of the respectable hut sites, all walled. Site 144. Along this high coast of rough a-a; ten shelters at various intervals. Site 145. At Honokaope Bay, white sand drifted among the a-a; a few kiawe; no pool as on the map. There is, however, the pool in the a-a a little north, with potable brackish water. One shelter between it and the sea. A third of the distance towards Kalahuipuaa is a shelter on the path. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 22 Figure 22. Reinecke’s (1930) map showing sites between Kapalaoa and Kalāhuipua‘a (modified from Maly 1999:138). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 23 Site 146. A few shelters where the path descends from the a-a to the masonry breakwater of the chief pond at Kalahuipuaa. From here the growth of kiawe along the shore is so dense that it was useless to attempt any survey of sites unless one had a base. (Maly 1999:137-140) The closest Reinecke (1930) site to the present project area is Site 147 which consists of the expansive petroglyph fields that extends through ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa. This site is situated seaward of Area 2. According to Reinecke: Site 147. The area of petroglyphs on the pahoehoe about three-quarters of a mile N.E. of Anaehoomalu, S. Kohala, by the trail and mostly on Anaehoomalu land. This area is well described by Stokes in the Bishop Museum Occasional Papers for 1909, and is mentioned by Dr. Albert S. Baker in Thrum’s Annual for 1919, pp. 131. Both men, not having exact maps mislocated the area, the former putting it between the branches of the 1856 [i.e. 1859] flow, the latter in Puu Anahulu land. Mr. Stokes has given the area the only study worthy of the name, and because of a lack of time he did little. When I had exhausted my films I felt that there was no point in my examining the area very thoroughly, as I had not then seen the above mentioned studies, and the number and variety of the petroglyphs really requires a skilled photographer who should carefully photograph the area enclosed within rings, and all other distinct forms in the neighborhood. …There must be thousands of individual petroglyphs. The predominant feature is the rings, single or several concentric together, with or without a small hole in the center…There were several names, initial, and dates in the locality, but I saw no ships or other modern-appearing figures, such as the “horse” at Lae Mano. In several places the pahoehoe had been worn to a depth of several inches, say two to five, by the carving of petroglyph on petroglyph, so that the surface presented the appearance of a shallow bowl… (Reinecke 1930:29) The next study conducted in the general project area vicinity was undertaken in 1970 by Barrera (1971) for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. This project consisted of a phased systematic survey of 503 acres of Anaeho‘omalu, extending between the shoreline and the Kiholo-Puako Trail. This survey documented 301 sites including ponds, both natural and modified, enclosures, burial caves, platforms, terraces, walls, trails cairns, hearths, utilized lava tubes and blisters. Barrera (1971) also documented the Ku‘uali‘i and Kahapapa Fishponds, several modifications to the Ku‘uali‘i Fishpond, platforms, walls and C-shapes, a lava bubble and a weir. The Ku‘uali‘i Fishpond was assigned Bishop Museum Site number 50-HA-E1-139 by Barrera (1971:39). The Kahapapa Fishpond was also noted and briefly described but was not assigned a site number. Based on his findings, Barrera (1971:105) concludes that by the late 800s to early 900s, the first settlers arrived in the area and settled at the southern end of Ku‘uali‘i Fishpond. Kirch (1979) undertook a survey of an approximately 3,841 acre area that included portions of Waikoloa, ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalahuipua‘a, and Lālāmilo for the Bishop Museum. This study identified 179 sites with 105 sites located in the ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a area, 15 in Lālāmilo and 59 in Waikoloa. A total of 449 features were documented with the majority (212) located in the ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a area. The ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a are contained shelter caves, midden scatters, C-shapes, platforms, enclosures, cairns, petroglyphs, papamu, trails, abrader manufacturing areas, ponds, burial caves and cists, and miscellaneous features. Based on his findings, in conjunction with those of other studies in the area, Kirch concludes that West Hawai‘i was settled by approximately A.D. 750 and that by A.D. 1200, “small settlement were situated at various points along the coast”, including ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a (1979:198). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 24 In 1982, Hommon (1982) prepared an interpretive and management plan for selected sites noted during the Kirch (1979) study. The sites were incorporated into Historic Preserves A and B and a fishpond complex containing Waipuhi, Kahinawao, Hope‘ai‘a, Manoku, Ka‘ai‘ōpio and Lāhuipuaa Fishponds. A review of the DLNR-SHPD archaeological report database and other sources indicate that more than 40 additional projects have been conducted in the general vicinity of the project area. These include field inspections, reconnaissance surveys, archaeological inventory surveys, data recovery and monitoring projects, site preservation plans and archaeological mitigation programs, located in ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalahuipua‘a, Pu‘u-anahulu, and Lalamilo. The location of these projects is depicted in Figure 23 and they are briefly summarized in Table 2. The findings from Barrera (1971), Cox (1971), Kirch (1979) and Hommon (1982) are excluded from this table because many of the sites noted during these earlier projects were subsequently revisited and assigned State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP) site designations. Table 2. Summary of Previous archaeological work. The studies in Table 2 comprise more than 8,100 acres and identified 536 sites and more than 9,600 features. Sites documented in the area include petroglyphs and features associated with the quarrying and production of abraders. Habitation sites are dominated by cave and overhang shelters, and surface architecture consisting of C-shapes and enclosures, primarily occupied on a temporary basis. Fishponds, burial caves, trails, and small ritual sites have also been documented. The majority of the sites are concentrated along the coast especially near sheltered bays and coves and the fishponds. Archaeological Inventory SurveyData RecoveryArchaeological Mitigation ProgramReconnaissance SurveyField InspectionSite Preservation PlanMonitoring report1 Rosendahl (1984), Shun (1984)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 60 28 0.5 45 0.75 2 Walker and Rosendahl (1985), Hammatt et al. (2001)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 30 69 2.3 263 8.77 3 Ching (1971), Rosendahl (1972, 1985), Walker and Rosendahl (1986), Donham (1986, 1987), Jensen (1988), Jensen and Kato (1991); contains present project area Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa 1 2 1 1 1 820 96 0.1 1094 1.33 4 Jensen (1989a, 1989b, 1990a, 1990b, 1990d 1991c)Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa 2 2 1 1 50 49 1.0 151 3.02 5 Jensen (1989c, 1989d, 1989e)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 1 2.05 1 0.5 101 49.27 6 Jensen (1989f, 1989g)Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa 1 1 35 13 0.4 199 5.69 7 Jensen (1989h, 1989i, 1989j, 1991b, 2000a)Kalahuipua‘a and Waikoloa 2 3 156 18 0.1 483 3.10 8 Jensen (1990c)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 98.5 48 0.5 78 0.79 9 Jensen (1991a), Halpern and Rosendahal (1996), Haun and Henry (2000, 2017a, 2017b), Stasack and Stasack (2007)‘Anaeho‘omalu 3 1 37 30 0.8 79 2.14 10 Landrum and Williams (1994)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 27.3 9 0.3 141 5.16 11 Nees (1995)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 27 10 0.4 77 2.85 12 Drolet and Clark (1997)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 8.15 1 0.1 1 0.12 13 Burgett et al. (1999)Waikoloa 1 22.5 4 0.2 265 11.78 14 Rechtman and Wolforth (1999), Planning Solutions, Inc. (2014)Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a 1 1 4362 N/A N/A 2702 0.62 15 Jensen (2000a, 2001)Waikoloa 1 1 36 1 0.0 151 4.19 16 Landrum et al. (2002)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 708 96 0.1 480 0.68 17 Haun and Henry (2004a, 2004b)Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa 1 1 36 9 0.3 145 4.03 18 Corbin (2011), Haun and Henry (2014)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 16.5 3 0.2 3 0.18 19 Bishop Museum (1967) Lalamilo 1 800 1 0.001 3000 3.75 20 Wolforth, Escott and McGerty (2016)Waikoloa and Pu‘uanahulu 1 784 50 0.1 157 0.20 22 11 5 3 2 3 1 8116 536 6.0 9615 5.42 Area depicted on Figure 18 Study type Acreage No. of features References Ahupua‘a No. of sites Sites per acre Features per acre Total W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 25 Figure 23. Previous archaeological work (adapted from USGS 1997 7.5 ft Quadrangles). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 26 Based on these studies, the site density in the general project area vicinity ranges from 0.001 to 2.3 sites per acre. One study contains reconnaissance level survey data collected by Thomas Dye in 2011. This study was conducted in conjunction with the Kiholo State Master Plan in Pu‘u-anahulu Ahupua‘a (Planning Solutions, Inc. 2014:3-19). The reports list 2,702 features in the state park, although no information concerning the total number of sites is presented. Excluding this project and the Bishop Museum (1964) survey of the Puako Petroglyph field which identified only one site in an 800 acre area, the average per acre site density is 0.4 sites per acre. The feature density ranges from 0.02 to 8.15 features per acre, with an average feature density of 1.39 features per acre. Clark (1987) proposed a settlement pattern model for the Kawaihae-Waimea region that is applicable to the present project area vicinity. The model consists of four zones as follows: Coastal Zone Extends from the coast to between 200 m and 400 m inland with most sites below 30-45 meters (98-148 feet) elevation. The Coastal Zone is subdivided into shoreline and inland sub-zones. Subsistence activity had a marine exploitation emphasis including fishing, collecting, and salt making. Agricultural crops included coconut, sweet potato, gourds, and other medicinal, utilitarian, and food plants. Archaeological features include “residential structures, community- oriented structures, burial monuments, agricultural features, military features [recent], and miscellaneous” (1987:247). Habitation sites include single use sites, extended and recurrent occupations, and permanently occupied sites. Habitation features include small walled shelters, caves, overhangs, terraces, platforms, and enclosures. The more intensively occupied habitation sites are clustered in neighborhoods sometimes larger wards. Intermediate Zone Extends from the Coastal Zone to between 7.3 and 9.7 km inland at approximately 585 meters (1,919 feet) elevation. Subsistence activity limited to small scale seasonal cultivation of alluvial flats near drainages and bird catching. Archaeological features include short-tern occupation sites including midden scatters, fireplaces, small walled shelters, caves, and overhangs, which are typically situated near drainages. Kula Zone Extends from the Intermediate Zone to between 7.3 and 9.7 km inland. It ranges in elevation from 585 to 830 meters (1,919-2,722 ft) in elevation, with small sections extending to as much as 975 meters (3,198 feet) elevation. Subsistence activity is dominated by agriculture. The zone is divided into two primary sub- zones based on the nature of cultivation. Sub-zone 1 is defined by the presence of formal fields mound complexes, small terraces, modified outcrops, and animal and garden enclosures. Sub-zone 2 is characterized by the absence of formal fields and limited to planting swales, clusters of mounds, and modified outcrops. Irrigation ditches occur in both sub-zones. Crops included sweet potatoes, dry- land taro, gourds, and wauke. Habitation sites include single use sites, extended and recurrent occupations, and permanently occupied sites. Habitation features include small walled shelters, caves, overhangs, terraces, platforms, and enclosures. The more intensively occupied habitation sites are clustered in neighborhoods sometimes larger wards. Burial features are also present. Wilderness Zone The zone extends inland from the Kula Zone to the mountain tops. The zone is divided into two sub-zones. Sub-zone 1 consists of areas that were exploited for a variety of resources including, wood, bark, birds, wild plants foods, fine-grained basalt for tool manufacture. Sub-zone 2 consists of the highest elevation areas that were not economically exploited and largely untouched except for some religious activity. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 27 Previous Archaeological Work in the Project Area The present project area is located in an area that has been subjected to multiple archaeological studies. The earliest study that extended into the present project was undertaken by the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Historic Sites in 1970 (Ching 1971). This project examined a 23-mile long corridor for the proposed Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway connecting Kailua with Kawaihae. This reconnaissance survey documented thousands of features along its length, with two features falling with the boundaries of the present project area. These consist of a complex of quarry areas and temporary shelters (Feature 1244) and a trail (Feature 1374). The Feature 1374 trail was subsequently identified by Donham (1987; discussed below) and assigned SIHP number 26871. The Feature 1244 complex was also noted by Donham (1987) and designated as Sites 26876 and 26877. Rosendahl (1972) returned to the Kailua-Kawaihae corridor and conducted mapping and surface collection of artifacts from Features 1374 through 1379. This cluster of sites was designated as Complex F during this project. A newly identified cave shelter, designated as Feature 2019 was identified west of Complex F and was completely excavated by Rosendahl (1972). Feature 1377 was subsequently designated as a portion of Site 26871 by Donham (1987) and Feature 1376 was designated as a component of Sites 26876 and 26877. The newly identified cave shelter (Feature 2019) was assigned Site 26873 by Donham (1987) Paul H. Rosendahl (PHRI) conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of an approximately 820 acre area located between the Kiholo-Puako Trail (King’s Trail and the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway; Donham 1987). This project examined undeveloped parcels within the Waikoloa Beach Resort consisting of Parcels 27, 27AA, 27BB, and 27CC and five areas designated as Temporary Management Units (TMU) TMU-A through TMU-E. Subsequent work by PHRI (Jensen 1988) also examined TMU-F and Parcels 26 and 28Z (Figure 24). The present project area is situated within TMU-A through TMU-F. The Donham (1987) survey resulted in the identification of 90 sites with a total of 413 features. Of these, nine sites (Sites 26869 and 26871 through 26878) are located within the present project area, all with PHRI’s TMU-B. As discussed above, three of the sites (Sites 26871, 26876 and 26877) were previously identified by Ching (1971) and Rosendahl (1972) and one site (Site 26873) was previously documented and excavated by Rosendahl (1972). All of the sites noted by Donham in the current project area were relocated during the present project and are discussed in detail in the Findings section of this report. Donham (1987) also identified a trail inland of the Kiholo-Puako Trail that she designated as Site 26880. This trail is also referenced by Donham (1987) as Site 5690 and as the Forerunner Trail by Monahan (2021). These two trails are located within their own Tax Map Key parcel (TMK [3] 6-9-008: 026; see Figure 4), and are both located outside the boundaries of the present project area to the west (see Figure 24 and Figure 25). The Site 26880 trail is described as follows: This site consists of a well-worn footpath across the Kaniku Flow, adjacent to the east side of the Kiholo-Puako Trail. The southern end of the path is identifiable at the edge of the flow, directly west of the resort helipad construction area. It proceeds directly up the side of the flow and transects Site 26881 at the northern end of TMU B. From this site, it angles westward toward the Kiholo-Puako and intersects it immediately south of the Hyatt area access road. The path is distinguishable to the north of the road where it begins to angle gradually eastward, away from the Kiholo-Puako Trail. At the northern edge of the project area, the path is 23.0 m east of the trail. It continues north, beyond the project area, and remains relatively close to or beneath the Kiholo- Puako Trail. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 28 Figure 24. Location of TMU-A through TMU-F and associated parcels (modified from Jensen and Kato 1991:3). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 29 Figure 25. Aerial view of Areas 7 and 8 showing Kiholo-Puako Trail and Site 26880 trail outside project area (obtained from ESRI.com) The path’s surface varies considerably in width; at the crest of the Kaniku Flow, where it crosses Site 26881, the path is 1.0 m wide. At the northern end, where it is adjacent to the Kiholo-Puako Trail, a leveled and crushed area up to 3.5 m wide occurs on two sides of the main path channel. Sections of the path appear to have been affected by grubbing, possibly in an attempt to open a vehicular road along the path. This feature probably was the major transportation route along the coast, prior to the construction of the Kiholo-Puako Trail, which follows its course quite closely and appears to overlap with certain segments. (Donham 1987:89) Another project of relevance to the present study is an AIS conducted by Scientific Consultant Services, Inc. (Wolforth, Escott and McGerty Draft 2016) located inland of the project area. This project examined 25.3 miles (784-acres) of road corridor alignments associated with the proposed Saddle Road Extension project. This study documented 50 sites and 157 features, the majority of which are located in the seaward portion of their project area, inland of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway. Of particular interest are a series of trails located just inland of the highway that include Sites 24503, 24507, 24512 and 24514 (Figure 26). These trails appear to lead to Temporary Site 1374 on the seaward side of the highway, which was initially identified by Ching (1972) and subsequently designated as the Site 26871 trail by Donham (1987). A portion of the Site 26871 trail was recorded during the present study. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 30 Figure 26. Portion of Wolforth et al. (2016:76) site map showing trails inland of Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 31 Project expectations The project area is situated in the seaward portion of Clark’s (1987) Intermediate Zone. Pre-contact sites typically expected in this area consist of single use, extended and recurrent occupation habitation structures along with burials, ritual features and agricultural features. Historic remnants can include livestock control walls, World War II era military features, and camp sites associated with Parker Ranch employee’s recreational use of the area. Anaeho‘omalu has been extensively studied during previous archaeological investigations and is unlikely that any undocumented surface sites or features would be present; however, it is possible that subsurface deposits or burials might be encountered during testing, especially in the seaward portion of the project area. Consultation Kepa Maly (1999) conducted informant interviews with ten individuals with knowledge of the general project area vicinity between February 1998 and April 1999. These interviews were conducted in conjunction with a study of the coastal trails of South Kohala. An interview of particular relevance to the current project was conducted on March 15, 1999 with Mr. Kenneth Brown, the nephew of Francis Ī‘ī Brown, former owner of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalāhuipua‘a. The interview is described below. Kenneth Francis Kamu‘okalani Brown was born in 1919, at Ka‘alawai, O‘ahu. His father was George I‘i Brown (brother of Francis Hyde I‘i Brown), and his mother was Julia White-Brown. Mr. Brown’s great grandfather was the noted Hawaiian historian, John Papa I‘i, and was closely associated with the Kamehameha line. Mr. Brown’s uncle Francis Hyde I‘i Brown, was the former owner of Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu (the family still maintains an interest in Keawaiki, a short distance south of ‘Anaeho‘omalu). Francis Brown had a great interest in his Hawaiian history, and when he acquired the ‘Anaeho‘omalu-Kalāhuipua‘a lands, he brought native families of the lands together to work for him, and it was from them, that he learned about the area. By ca. 1932, Kenneth Brown, began traveling with his uncle to the ‘Anaeho‘omalu -Kalāhuipua‘a and Keawaiki vicinity, and he too learned about some of the history of the region. Kenneth Brown remains attached to the lands to this day, and is often sought out for comment and review of proposed activities in the area. During the interview, Mr. K. Brown shared his recollections of historic residency, travel in the region between Kawaihae – Keawaiki – Kailua, and fishing. He notes that the old fishermen of the region taught his uncle about the importance of landscape to the fishermen, and that they were keen observers of the skies as well. Mr. Brown noted that by the 1930s, there were only a few families living between ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kawaihae (residences were situated at Paniau and Puakō — by that time Kīholo, Kapalaoa and other small communities had been abandoned). He noted that there was frequent travel between Kawaihae and Kalāhuipua‘a-‘Anaeho‘omalu, but most of that was done by boat. Mr. Brown did note that his uncle encouraged native fishermen and others to use the coastal trails—travel was primarily done for subsistence fishing—and he encouraged people to take care of the trails and marine resources. (1999:157) A review of an unpublished Cultural Impact Assessment prepared by Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i (CSH - Magat et al. 2008) revealed additional informant interviews relevant to the project area. CSH interviewed Mr. P.F. “Ski” Kwiatkowski in 2008. Mr. Kwiatkowski is of Hawaiian, Polish and Portuguese decent and is an expert on Hawaiian tattoos and petroglyphs. Although born on Oahu, he lived on Hawai‘i Island for many years. Much of Mr. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 32 Kwiatkowski’s knowledge of the area came from his relationship with paniolo John Purdy, who worked cattle at Parker Ranch for more than 50 years. The following presents a recollection about the fish ponds in the area: At the big pond at ‘Anaeho‘omalu, that one used to have two mākāhā (sluice gate). After the 1946 tidal wave, they only reconstructed one mākāhā and the other one they let go. This is what I got from John Purdy, who drove cattle in the 1930s in the area. When I was doing research on Hawaiian petroglyphs, I used to wonder why they let cattle walk all over the hot areas because there was no water (He (Mr. Purdy) said that they are not stupid; they drove the cattle at night, for about a week when the moon provided the light. When the cattle got close to the ocean, they could smell the water. There are places where they got fresh water, such as in the big pond, where the fresh water rises on top of the salt water. (2008:57) On September 8, 2008, CSH brought a group of eight members of the Keakealani, Alapai and Mitchell families to the ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay area. The group included Kupuna Howard K. Alapai and his wife Mary Alapai, Mrs. Leina‘ala Keakealani Lightner, Barbara Alapai and her son William Alapai, Robert Ku‘ulei Keakealani and Kanoa and Lehua Alapai. The oldest member of the group, Howard Alapai recalled visiting the ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay area as far back as the early 1950s. My uncles used to come down, when my dad was living yet, we used to go down by horse, from Pu‘uanahulu. We used to come down to go fishing, or whatever we need, and then go up (during weekends)…It was nice, beautiful, nobody around. We used to swim around the ocean, it was beautiful …There was a road that we made through the ranch, but before that it was horseback. We used to ride everywhere. After we got the road, we used it to fish and stay the weekend. (2008:60) Mrs. Leina‘ala Keakealani Lightner also provided recollections of visiting the bay in her youth, prior to the tsunamis that hit the Kona coast. This bay was nice, there was a lot back then. Fish was a lot. Opihi (limpets), he‘e (octopus). People used…to do cross nets and used to catch a lot of ‘a‘awa (wrasse) in the bay. It was great then. They knew what they were doing they knew what moon to go, and what they were getting there. They used to cross net there in the bay…Me and my cousins, we used to come down during weekends after we got the road in. We did a lot of fishing and stuff with family…We used to come down and enjoy…We used to come fishing, wana (sea urchin), whatever, but we only come on Friday. Sundays, [we] load up the horses, go home. (2008:64) Additional consultation was conducted by Haun & Associates Supervisory Archaeologist Solomon Kailihiwa in conjunction with the Haun and Henry (2014) documentation of the Ku‘uali‘i and Kahapapa Fishponds inland of ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay. This consultation was undertaken on March 3, 2014 with Mr. Lloyd Case. Mr. Case is currently a resident of Waimea. He frequented ‘Anaeho‘omalu when he was younger both when he worked for Parker Ranch and with his family. At that time there were no roads to the coast. Mr. Case and his fellow ranch hands and family would travel there either by boat or by utilizing the Kiholo-Puako Trail, which is a portion of an alanui aupuni or government road, and the network of mauka- makai trails. Mr. Case worked for Parker Ranch during the summers from 1965 through 1968 as a part of the ranch's ‘Ōpae Gang. Part of their responsibility was to go down to ‘Anaeho‘omalu to care for and maintain Kahapapa and Ku‘uali‘i fishponds. The ‘Ōpae Gang would fix and maintain the mākāhā (fishpond sluice gate), and clean the algae out of the ponds. Awa (Chanos chanos) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) were harvested from the fishponds in December for the Parker Ranch Christmas Luau. The mākāhā was opened during January and February, the months of high surf, in order to let the mullet into the pond to spawn. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 33 Mr. Case and his family often frequented ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay and nearby areas for camping. Fish were abundant and they would throw nets to catch fish, go diving to spear fish, and gather shellfish along the shore and shallow waters. The fish they would harvest by net included manini (Acanthurus triostegus), uouoa (Neomyxus chaptalii), ‘āweoweo (Priacanthus spp.), and menpachi (Myripristis spp.). Two of the favored fish to dive and spear for were uhu (Scarus spp.) and kole (Ctenochaetus strigosus). Lobster, crab, and ‘opihi (Cellana spp.) were also gathered. Only ‘opihi of a certain size were harvested. The largest ‘opihi were never touched as they were essential to maintaining the ‘opihi population. Sea urchin (wana, Diadematidae) and hā‘uke‘uke (Colobocentrotus atratus), were gathered and eaten during the summer months when they were fattest. Mr. Case was aware of burials in the area. The majority of the burials are located in small caves along the Kiholo-Puako Trail. On July 9, 2021, a meeting was held to discuss the trails within and adjacent to the project area. The meeting was attended by Scott Head and Kanani Aton of the Waikoloa Land Company, Jackson Bauer of the Division of Forestry and Wildlife Na Ala Hele Trail and Access Program, Aric Arakaki and Rick Gmirkin of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Planning Consultant Sidney Fuke, and Haun & Associates representatives Dr. Alan Haun and Solomon Kailihiwa. Mr. Bauer discussed the cultural landscape of the area and the importance of the trails. He stated that a broader area needs to be included when studying the trails because they are not confined by property boundaries. Mr. Bauer contends that the trails in Survey Area 1 can be connected to a trail system located on the southeastern side of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway, and that there is a kipuka on the inland side of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu where Scientific Consultations Services, Inc. documented archaeological features in 2020 during an AIS for the proposed extension of the Daniel K. Inouye Highway. Mr. Bauer and Mr. Gmirkin stated that this trail system was used by people to access the nearby petroglyph field and Waiulua Bay, and that the current trail guidelines of Na Ala Hele include preservation with 30 ft buffers from the edge of trails. The Forerunner Trail noted by Donham (1987) and Monahan (2021) is located near the western boundaries of Survey Areas 7 and 8. Mr. Kailihiwa of Haun & Associates noted that this trail was observed during the fieldwork; however it was determined to be outside the boundaries of the current project area within its own Tax Map Key parcel (TMK [3] 6-9-008: 026; see Figure 4). The meeting concluded with a field visit to the Survey Area 1 to show the representatives of Na Ala Hele and Ala Kahakai the trails that were recorded during the AIS. The group walked along all of the recorded segments of trails in the area. Mr. Bauer and Mr. Gmirkin felt that the path of the trails continued across the pahoehoe areas, and that the Site 31230 Segment E continued northwest across an area of scaly lava. Mr. Kailihiwa stated that this area had been previously disturbed by a metal-tracked vehicle, and it was difficult to discern between disturbance and trail. Mr. Gmirkin acknowledged the disturbance but stated he was going to include the un-recorded segment in his comments on the report. A second field visit to the project area was conducted on July 16, 2021 by Haun & Associates Project Supervisor Solomon Kailihiwa and Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program Archaeologist Rick Gmirkin. The archaeologists hiked along the Forerunner Trail (Site 26880) from Waikoloa Beach Drive to the western boundaries of 1599 Survey Areas 7 and 8 (Figure 27). Mr. Kailihiwa provided copies of maps of this portion of the project area to Mr. Gmirkin and he was satisfied that the Forerunner Trail is indeed outside the boundaries of the present project area. Mr. Kailihiwa and Mr. Gmirkin continued their field visit by entering Survey Area 1 from the northwest along a mechanically disturbed corridor examined during the AIS that showed evidence of prior disturbance by a metal- tracked vehicle. Although Mr. Gmirkin said he did not see solid evidence of tracked vehicle disturbance, although he did acknowledge that the area could have been impacted. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 34 Figure 27. Segment of Forerunner Trail inspected (obtained from ESRI.com). Mr. Kailihiwa and Mr. Gmirkin examined Mr. Gmirkin’s area of interest in the disturbed pahoehoe at the northern end of Site 31230 Segment E. They started at the north end of this trail segment and followed the path Mr. Gmirkin observed during the July 9, 2021 field visit. Based on Mr. Gmirkin’s input it was determined that Segment E potentially continued across the pahoehoe as depicted as orange dashed line on Figure 28. A second possible trail was also noted east of Segment E, depicted in Figure 28 as an orange dotted line. The segments were followed as far as they were visible (Figure 29 and Figure 30). The maps and description of Site 31220 in the Findings section of this report have been modified to include the extended portion of Feature E and the newly identified side route (Feature F). Mr. Gmirkin checked the location of the possible trail segments with a georeferenced version of the concept sketch provided by Mr. Head to determine how these segments would impact the proposed development. He was pleased that a portion of the trails are located in a proposed landscape area and it was agreed that the development of the golf course parking lot area remain as shown on the development plans and the trail route would be shown symbolically moving through the parking area. (Figure 31). He also noted that the final preservation and mitigation measures would be done in consultation with Na Ala Hele if they claim the trails. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 35 Figure 28. Potential extension of Site 31230 Segment E trail (dashed orange line) and newly identified Segment F (dotted orange line; obtained from ESRI.com). Figure 29. Southern end of Segment E on scaly pahoehoe (view to northwest). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 36 Figure 30. North end of Segment E where trail no longer visible (view to northwest). Figure 31. Proposed development showing extension of Feature E. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 37 FINDINGS The archaeological inventory survey identified 14 sites with a total of 418 features. The 14 sites include nine sites identified during previous archaeological studies in the area (Sites 26869, 26871-26878) and five sites newly identified during the present project (Sites 31230-31234). Of the nine previously identified sites, two were noted by Ching (1971; Sites 26871 and 26876) and three were identified by Rosendahl (1972; Site 26871, 26873 and 26876). All nine previously identified sites were recorded by Donham (1987). The 14 sites recorded during the present project include one single features site and 13 complexes of features with two to 240 component features. The 418 features consist of 310 excavations, 50 abraded surfaces, 20 mounds, 13 trail segments, eight areas of battered pahoehoe, five cairns, four walls, three C-shapes, two lava blisters, two lava tubes, and one alignment. Feature function consists of resource procurement 339, tool manufacture (50), temporary habitation (15), transportation (13) and marker (1). The sites are summarized in Table 3 and the location of the 14 sites is presented in Figure 32. Table 3. Summary of identified sites. Of the 418 features, the majority (416) are located within the Area 1 portion of the project area. The two remaining features consist of excavations of the Site 31234 complex located in either Area 2 (Feature 239) or Area 3 (Feature 240). No sites are present in the remaining survey areas. ExcavationAbraded surfaceMoundTrailBattered pahoehoe CairnWallC-shapeLava blisterLava tubeAlignmentResource procurementTool manufactureTemporary habitationTransportationMarkerEastingNorthing50-10-10-26869 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture 10 8 1 1 8 1 1 198885 2204623 1599.31, .33, .34 Donham (1987) 50-10-11-26871 1 Complex Transportation, Marker 6 5 1 5 1 199108 2204699 1599.10, .11, .12, .67 Ching (1971), Rosendahl (1972), Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26872 1 Complex Resource procurement 30 30 30 198906 2204757 1599.87, .88 Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26873 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture, Transportation 16 7 4 1 1 1 1 1 7 4 4 1 189914 2204809 1599.81 Rosendahl (1972), Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26874 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture 51 16 34 1 16 34 1 198959 2204885 1599.93, .95, .101 Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26875 1 Lava blister Resource procurement 1 1 1 198954 2204772 1599.62.01 Donham (1987) 50-10-11-26876 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Transportation 16 13 1 1 1 13 2 1 199021 2204861 1599.69, .74, .75 Ching (1971), Rosendahl (1972), Donham (1987) 50-10-11-26877 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Marker, Resource procurement 14 10 1 1 1 1 12 2 199069 2204833 1599.47, .49, .70, .71, .72 Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26878 1 Complex Temporary habitation,Resource procurement 13 10 2 1 11 2 189906 2204949 1599.115, .120, .121, .123, .125 Donham (1987) 50-10-10-31230 1 Complex Transportation 6 6 6 198987 2204820 1599.13 50-10-10-31231 1 Complex Resource procurement, Tool manufacture 2 1 1 1 1 198942 2204598 1599.6 50-10-10-31232 1 Complex Tool manufacuture 10 10 10 198911 2204602 1599.24 50-10-10-31233 1 Complex Temporary habitation 3 2 1 3 198965 2204804 1599.78 50-10-10/11- 31234 1, 2, 3 Complex Resource procurement 240 215 17 8 240 Total 418 310 50 20 13 8 5 4 3 2 2 1 339 50 15 13 1 Haun & Associates T# SIHP Site number Other recorders GPS Area No. of featuresFunctionFormal type Formal type Function see Appendix A W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 38 Figure 32. Site location map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 39 Site 26869 Site 26869 is a complex of ten features located in the southwestern portion of Area 1 at approximately 37 to 40 feet elevation. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:78) consisting of a cave (Feature A), and two clusters of excavations (Feature B and Feature C). The examination of the site during the present project relocated the Feature A lava tube, along with the two clusters observed during the prior study. The site is comprised of the Feature A lava tube, and abraded surface (Feature A3), and eight pahoehoe excavations (Features A3, B1 through B-3) and Feature C-1 through C-4). The site encompasses an area 37 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 21 wide (Figure 33). Feature A is a lava tube situated in the central portion of the site. The entrance is at the eastern end of the tube, measuring 3.0 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 0.7 meters high (Figure 34 and Figure 35). The entrance opens onto an oval-shaped chamber that is 9.0 meters long (east-west) and 2.0 to 3.8 meters wide. The floor is uneven bare lava with areas of scattered roof and the ceiling heights range from 0.25 meters around the edges to 1.5 meters in from the entrance. A low passage extends to the east from the southeast corner of the main chamber. It is 0.8 meters wide and 0.1 meters high and is inaccessible. A small irregularly-shaped terrace is located in the western portion of the lava tube, measuring 2.0 meters (northeast by southwest) and 1.30 meters wide. It is defined by aligned boulders along the north and west (0.3 meters high) piled cobbles along the remaining sides (0.25 to 0.3 meters high). The surface is uneven boulders and cobbles (Figure 36). A concentration of charcoal is present on the central portion of the terrace. No other cultural material is present. Donham (1987:78) noted the presence of a goat skeleton in the tube; however, this is no longer present. There is an excavated area along the pahoehoe outcrop adjacent to the Feature A entrance (Feature A2; see Figure 34 and Figure 35). It is 1.0 meters long, 0.5 meters wide and 0.2 meters deep. A spoil pile of boulders and cobbles is located to the south, measuring 1.6 meters long, 0.75 meters wide and 0.2 meters high with no cultural material present. An abraded surface (Feature A3) is located on top of the pahoehoe outcrop above the entrance to the Feature A lava tube. It is oval-shaped and is 1.0 meters long and 0.75 meters with an abraded surface (see Figure 34 and Figure 35). There is a pile of stones removed from the surface is adjacent to the abraded surface to the north measuring 1.2 meters long, 0.8 meters wide and 0.2 meters high. No cultural material is present. Feature B is a cluster of three pahoehoe excavations (Features B1 through B-3) located 5.5 meters north of the entrance to Feature A. The cluster encompasses an area 10.7 meters long by 6.5 meters wide and contains no cultural material (see Figure 33). The Feature B1 excavation likely corresponds to Feature B noted by Donham (1987:78). It is 2.0 meters long, 1.0 meters wide and 0.2 meters deep with a spoil pile of boulders and cobbles to the north that is 3.0 meters long, 0.4 meters wide and 0.15 meters high (Figure 37). Feature B2 is a large cleared area situated to the south of Feature B1. It is 4.7 meters long and 2.20 meters wide, with piled boulders and cobbles around its perimeters in an area 3.0 meters long, 0.4 meters wide and 0.15 meters high (Figure 38). Feature B3 is a pahoehoe excavation to the northeast of Feature B1. It is 1.0 meters in diameter and 0.2 meters deep with a spoil pile to the south that is 1.4 meters long, 1.1 meters wide and 0.2 meters high (Figure 39). Feature C is a cluster of four pahoehoe excavations (Features C1 through C-4) located 15.0 meters west-southwest of the entrance to Feature A. The cluster encompasses an area 12.4 meters long by 9.0 meters wide and contains no cultural material (see Figure 33). The Feature C1 excavation is linear in shape and is 12.4 meters long, 0.7 meters wide and 0.25 meters deep. A spoil pile of boulders and cobbles is present along the eastern side, measuring 10.6 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 40 Figure 33. Site 26869 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 41 Figure 34. Site 26869, Feature A plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 42 Figure 35. Entrance to Site 26869 lava tube and Features A2 and A3 (view to west). Figure 36. Terrace within Site 26869, Feature A lava tube (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 43 Figure 37. Site 26869, Feature B1 excavation (view to east). Figure 38. Site 26869, Feature B2 excavation (view to east-southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 44 Figure 39. Site 26869, Feature B3 excavation (view to northeast). long, 1.1 meters wide and 0.15 meters high (Figure 40). Feature C2 is situated west of Feature C1 and is irregular in shape. It is 2.5 meters long, 0.95 meters wide and 0.4 meters deep with a spoil pile to the west that is 2.0 meters long, 1.0 meters wide and 0.2 meters high (see Figure 40). Feature C3 is situated west of Feature C2 and is irregular in shape. It is 0.85 meters long, 0.4 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep with a spoil pile to the southwest that is 0.7 meters long, 0.5 meters wide and 0.2 meters high (Figure 41). Feature C4 is located west of Feature C3 and is irregular in shape. It is 1.80 meters long, 1.1 meters wide and 0.9 meters deep with a spoil pile to the southwest that is 1.7 meters long, 1.0 meters wide and 0.4 meters high (Figure 42). Site 26869 is interpreted as a complex of temporary habitation, resource procurement and tool manufacture features. The Feature A lava tube functioned as a temporary habitation shelter based on formal type and the internal terrace with charcoal. The Feature A3 abraded surface was used in the manufacture of abrader tools. Pahoehoe excavations have been variously interpreted as quarries for fine-grained basalt (Haun and Henry 2002, Haun et al. 2010), and the result of digging to obtain juvenile dark rumped petrels from nests in crevices in the lava (Nakamura et al. 1998). Nakamura et al. (1998) hypothesize that the excavated areas artificially enhanced natural nesting areas and increased the predictability of the birds as a food resource. The remaining features of Site 26869 are interpreted as being created during efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria, based on their appearance. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 45 Figure 40. Site 26869, Feature C1 and C2 excavation (view to west). Figure 41. Site 26869, Feature C3 excavation (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 46 Figure 42. Site 26869, Feature C4 excavation (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 47 Site 26871 Site 26871 is a complex of six features located in the southeastern portion of Area 1. The site is comprised of five trail segments (Features QA-E) and a cairn (Feature F) located in an area 135 meters long (east-west) and 62 meters wide, at elevations ranging from approximately 35 to 40 feet. The extent of the site is presented in Figure 32. The Site 31230 trail complex, discussed below, is a probably seaward extension of Site 26871, located on the western side of an area of pahoehoe lava. Portions of Site 26871 were previously recorded during prior studies in the area. Feature A was first noted by Ching (1972) as Temporary Site 1374. Rosendahl (1972) also noted this trail and identified a branch trail off 1374 that was designated as Temporary Site 1377 and is referenced as Feature B in the current project. These sections of trail were assigned Site 26871 by Donham (1987:80). The Feature A through Feature E trails are similar in construction, consisting of linear paths through areas of a‘ā lava with cobbles and pebbles on the surface worn by foot traffic. These trail segments range from 0.3 to 1.0 meters and contain widely scattered of sun bleached waterworn coral pebbles. Numerous golf balls from the adjacent golf course are present in the area. A total of 297.0 linear meters of trail are present. Feature A originates along the southeastern project area boundary, 137 meters southwest of the southeastern corner of Area 1. The portion of the trail within the project area extends from the boundary for 51.0 meters northwest where it terminates at an area of pahoehoe lava. Boundary. This trail continues outside the project area towards the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway as noted by Ching (1972) as Site 1374. An overview of Feature A is presented in Figure 43 with a close up of the worn stones shown in Figure 44. Feature B is a trail that extends to the north from Feature A, 3.0 meters northwest of the project area boundary. The trail has an overall length of 58.0 meters, extending 15 meters to the north of Feature A, then angling to the west-northwest for an additional 43.0 meters where it terminates in the same pahoehoe area as Feature A. This trail segments corresponds to Temporary Site 1377 as noted by Rosendahl (1972). An overview of Feature B is shown in Figure 45. The portion of the Feature C trail in the project area originates along the southeastern project area boundary, 36.0 meters southwest of Feature A. It extends to the northwest for 62.0 meters where it terminates at a pahoehoe flow. The trail also continues to the southwest outside the project area. The trail is depicted in Figure 46 and in Figure 49 below). The Feature D trail extends off Feature C 12.0 meters northwest of the project area boundary. It has an overall length of 87 meters, extending from Feature C for 2.0 meters to the southwest, then angling to the northwest for an additional 85 meters where it terminates at the edge of a pahoehoe flow (Figure 47). The Feature E extends off Feature D 13.0 meters south of its northwestern end. This segment is 39 meters long, oriented in a roughly west-northwest by east-southeast direction (Figure 48). The seaward end also terminates along the edge of the pahoehoe flow in this area. Feature F is a collapsed stone cairn located along the southwest side of the Feature C trail, 17.0 meters southeast of its seaward end (Figure 49). It is 0.6 meters long (north-south), 0.35 meter wide and 0.4 meters high, built of a‘ā cobbles piled one to three courses high (Figure 50). Rosendahl (1972) noted a cairn near the junction of the two trails previously identified in this area (currently Features A and B); however, this was not noted by Donham (1987) or during the current project. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 48 Figure 43. Site 26871, Feature A trail (view to northwest). Figure 44. Close up of Feature A trail showing worn stones (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 49 Figure 45. Site 26871, Feature B trail (view to southeast). Figure 46. Site 26871, Feature C trail (view to northwest). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 50 Figure 47. Site 26871, Feature D trail (view to southeast). Figure 48. Site 26871, Feature E trail (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 51 Figure 49. Site 26871, Feature C trail and Feature F cairn (view to west). Figure 50. Site 26871, Feature F cairn (view to west-southwest). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 52 Site 26871 is interpreted as a complex of transportation features with an associated marker feature used as a means of traversing the uneven a‘ā lava flow. This is based on the feature’s formal type and appearance. The minimal modifications of the trail segments suggest this is not a major transportation routes but rather was used by coastal residents to access resources. This trail network appears to be associated with the Site 31230 trail system located to the west, on the seaward side of an area of pahoehoe lava. Site 26871 is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content). Based on consultation with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the site is recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 53 Site 26872 Site 26872 is a complex of 30 excavations in the western portion of Area 1, just east of the paved maintenance road at approximately 35 feet elevation. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:81) as a complex of an unstated number of quarries located in an area of scaly pahoehoe lava. The examination of the site during the present project indicate the site encompasses an area 38.0 meters long (north-south) and 28.0 meters wide, with no cultural material present (Figure 51). The physical characteristics of the 30 excavations are summarized in Table 4. Table 4. Summary of Site 26872 excavations. The excavations range in length from 0.25 to 9.0 meters (average 1.58 meters), in width from 0.1 to 1.4 meters (0.95 meters) and in depth from 0.1 to 0.95 meters (0.49 meters). Most are irregularly-shaped although several are roughly linear. Of the 30 excavations, 15 contain adjacent spoil piles of stones. These piles range from 0.7 to 7.0 meters long (average 2.11 meters), in width from 0.3 to 1.3 meters (average 0.73 meters) and in height from 0.15 to 0.65 meters (average 0.29 meters). No cultural material was found in association with any of the Site 26872 features. Examples of the excavations are presented in Figure 52 through Figure 55. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) A Raw material procurement 160 100 60 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 160 90 30 B Raw material procurement 140 110 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 120 70 30 C Raw material procurement 320 130 90 Linear Excavated cobbles and pebbles 140 130 65 D Bird acquistion 80 40 50 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles E Raw material procurement 200 45 40 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 70 30 20 F Raw material procurement 130 110 95 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 230 50 30 G Raw material procurement 160 50 45 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 120 40 20 H Bird acquistion 65 40 50 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles I Raw material procurement 120 100 30 Irregular Excavated cobbles 130 60 40 J Bird acquistion 100 80 15 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles K Bird acquistion 60 40 20 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles L Raw material procurement 190 100 65 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 130 45 25 M Bird acquistion 40 15 10 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles N Bird acquistion 45 20 25 Irregular Excavated slabs and cobbles O Bird acquistion 25 20 15 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles P Bird acquistion 75 30 40 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles Q Bird acquistion 80 40 65 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles R Raw material procurement 900 140 60 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 700 50 40 S Raw material procurement 350 30 40 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 300 100 30 T Raw material procurement 100 50 50 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 200 100 20 U Raw material procurement 120 60 70 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 150 50 20 V Bird acquistion 45 40 45 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles W Raw material procurement 100 30 70 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 150 50 20 X Raw material procurement 100 30 60 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 120 120 15 Y Bird acquistion 30 20 30 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles Z Bird acquistion 40 30 60 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles AA Bird acquistion 30 15 45 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles AB Bird acquistion 100 45 60 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles AC Bird acquistion 80 40 50 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles AD Raw material procurement 130 100 40 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 100 100 15 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 54 Figure 51. Site 26872 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 55 Figure 52. Site 26872, Feature B excavation (view to north). Figure 53. Site 26872, Feature E, Feature F and Feature G excavations (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 56 Figure 54. Site 26872, Feature J, Feature K, Feature M and Feature N excavations (view to north-northeast). Figure 55. Site 26872, Feature O excavation (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 57 Site 26872 is interpreted as a complex of quarry features based on formal type and appearance. Of the 30 features, 15 are interpreted as associated with quarrying for raw materials such as scoria or fine grained basalt. The remaining 15 are interpreted excavations associated with obtained nesting birds. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 58 Site 26873 Site 26873 is a complex of 16 features located in the west-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation. The site was initially identified by Rosendahl (1972:72) as a single lava tube (Feature 2019). Donham (1987:84) subsequently examined the site and identified five features comprised of the lava tube (Feature A), an area of excavations (Feature B), a wall (Feature C), a C-shape (Feature D) and an alignment (Feature E). The examination of the site during the present project relocated these five features along with 11 additional features. These consist of four abraded surfaces (Features E1 through E4), a trail (Feature F), and six excavations (Features G and H1 through H5). The site is located in an area of pahoehoe and a‘ā lava 49 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 12 meters wide (Figure 56). Feature A is a lava tube located in a pahoehoe outcrop in the center portion of the site. It is accessed through a vertical opening that is 2.2 meters long (east-west), 0.7 to 1.4 meters wide and 1.8 meters in depth below the surface of the outcrop (Figure 57). This opens onto an irregularly-shaped chamber that is 8.5 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 2.3 to 4.2 meters wide. The description of the interior of the cave from Rosendahl (1972) is presented below: A total floor area of 13 to 14 square meters had been generally cleared of loose stone, which had been piled up along the margin of the cave interior. Gravel fill had been used to level up depressions in the natural bedrock floor. A hearth area with a roughly circular fireplace about 1.5 m in diameter, defined by smooth, large stones was situated in the center of the cave floor and contained a deposit of fine ash. Midden remains, charcoal and more ash had been scattered on the floor around the fireplace, as it had been cleaned out a number of times. At the N end of the cave interior, against the wall we found a small, covered cupboard feature constructed of piled and arched stones. The interior of the cupboard measured 30 by 40 by 50 cm (Rosendahl 1972:72). A plan map of the cave by Rosendahl (1972:71) is presented in Figure 58. This map was examined during the present project and the original internal features had been dismantled. It was also determined that the north area was incorrectly oriented. During the Rosendahl 91972) excavations, a variety of cultural materials were recovered from the site. These include a coral abrader, a basalt flake, fragments of fibrous twine, pieces of modified gourd, and wood, coconut fiber, kukui nutshells, mammal fish and bird bones, a possible fire-starter set comprised of a plow and a piece of grooved wood. The Donham (1987:83) examination of the site also collected urchin fragments, marine shells, a waterworn pebble, a cigarette butt, a wooden match and a leather glove. These materials were not observed during the present project. Feature C is a linear wall located in the eastern portion of the site on top of an area of level pahoehoe lava. It is 2.4 meters long (northwest by southeast), 0.5 meters wide and 0.55 to 0.6 meters high, built of stacked boulders and cobbles with no cultural material present (Figure 59). Feature D is a C-shaped enclosure situated adjacent to Feature C to the west. It is 3.1 meters long (north-south), 1.0 meters wide and 0.35 to 0.4 meters high, open to the west (see Figure 59). The interior of the enclosures is bare lava with no cultural material present. It is built of stacked and piled boulders and cobbles with scattered stones extending to the south. Feature E Is a linear alignment of boulders located 2.2 meters east of the entrance to Feature A on a level pahoehoe outcrop. It is 2.3 meters long (north-south) 0.15 to 0.25 meters wide and 0.2 to 0.3 meters high with no cultural material (Figure 60). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 59 Figure 56. Site 26873 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 60 Figure 57. Entrance to Site 26873, Feature A lava tube (view to northwest). Figure 58. Plan map of Site 26873, Feature A, modified from Rosendahl (1972:71). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 61 Figure 59. Site 26873, Feature C wall and Feature D C-shape (view to north). Figure 60. Site 26873, Feature E alignment and Feature E1 through E4 abraded surfaces (Feature A in background (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 62 Features E-1 through E-4 are abraded surfaces on the bare pahoehoe lava adjacent to Features A and Feature E. These areas range in length from 0.4 to 1.08 meters and in with from 0.15 to 0.56 meters with no cultural material present (see Figure 60). Feature F linear section of trail that extends across an area of a‘ā lava between two pahoehoe outcrop in the western portion of the site. It is 9.2 meters in length (east-northeast by west-southwest) and 0.5 to 0.7 meters wide with a surface of pebbles and cobbles that appeared to have been rounded by foot traffic (Figure 61). No cultural material is present. A total of seven excavations were also identified during the project. These consists of Feature B, a large area of overlapping excavations located to the east and southeast of the entrance to Feature A, Feature G, an irregularly- shaped excavation located at the western end of the site situated against the side of a pahoehoe outcrop, and Features H1 through H5 are excavations into pahoehoe outcrops located at the eastern end of the site. They are all irregular in shape with no cultural material present, and are summarized in Table 5. They range in length from 0.6 to 10.80 meters (average 3.44 meters), in width from 0.4 to 5.50 meters (average 1.3 meters) and in depth from 0.25 to 1.3 meters (average 0.72 meters). Piles of excavated stones are associated with each of these excavations measuring 0.85 to 11.40 meters long (average 3.4), in width from 0.4 to 5.0 meters (average 1.56 meters) and in height from 0.15 to 0.6 meters (average 0.29 meters). Feature B is depicted in Figure 62, Feature G in Figure 63, Features H1 and H2 in Figure 64 and Features H3 through H5 in Figure 65. Table 5. Summary of Site 26873 excavations. Site 26873 is interpreted as a complex of temporary habitation, resource procurement, tool manufacture and transportation features. The Feature A lava tube functioned as a temporary habitation shelter based on formal type and the cultural remains noted inside during past examinations. The Feature C wall and the Feature D C-shape are also assigned temporary habitation function, likely serving as windbreaks. The Feature E alignment is likely also associated with the habitation of the site due to its proximity to the Feature A tube entrance, and the Feature F trail functioned as a transportation route within the complex. The four abraded surfaces served as tool manufacturing loci and the excavations were created during efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) B Raw material procurement 1080 550 90 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 1140 500 60 G Raw material procurement 380 140 60 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 90 50 25 H1 Raw material procurement 150 85 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 120 60 30 H2 Raw material procurement 60 40 130 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 85 80 20 H3 Raw material procurement 100 50 25 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 150 80 15 H4 Raw material procurement 70 55 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 90 40 20 H5 Raw material procurement 120 55 50 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 160 50 20 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 63 Figure 61. Site 26873, Feature F trail (view to west). Figure 62. Site 26873, Feature B excavation (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 64 Figure 63. Site 26873, Feature G excavation (view to northeast). Figure 64. Site 26873, Feature H1 and H2 excavations (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 65 Figure 65. Site 26873, Feature H3 through H5 excavations view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 66 Site 26874 Site 26874 is a complex of 51 features located in the west-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation, 40 meters north of Site 26873. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:84) as a complex of two clusters of excavations (Feature A and Feature C) and a wall (Feature B). The examination of the site during the present project relocated the wall and the two areas of excavations along with a previously unrecorded excavation area (Feature D) and and a cluster of 34 abraded surfaces (Feature E). A total of 47 abraders and abrader fragments were also noted. The site is located in an area of pahoehoe lava surrounded by a‘ā encompassing an area 33 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 22 meters wide (Figure 66). The Site 31230 trail extends through Site 26874, with the Feature A trail ending at the southeast side, Feature B located within the site, and Features C and E extending to the northwest and north-northwest. Feature B is a linear stone wall located in the eastern portion of the site in the area of the Feature E abraded surfaces. It is 3.2 meters long (northwest by southeast), 0.3 to 0.45 meters wide and 0.3 meters high) built of piled boulders and cobbles on bare pahoehoe lava (Figure 67). Numerous abrader and abrader fragments are scattered over the outcrop around the wall (Abraders 1-21; discussed below). Features A, C and D consist of a total of 16 excavations located mostly in the west and central portion of the site. Feature A contains one large excavated area, Feature C contains four, and Feature D is comprised of 11 excavations. The physical characteristic of the excavations are summarized in Table 6. Table 6. Summary of Site 26874 excavations. The excavations range in length from 0.70 to 7.4 meters (average 2.16 meters), in width from 0.30 to 1.5 meters (0.76 meters) and in depth from 0.2 to 1.15 meters (0.46 meters). Most are irregularly-shaped although several (Features A, C1 and D9) are roughly linear. Of the 16 excavations, 14 contain adjacent spoil piles of stones. These piles range from 1.23 to 11.4 meters long (average 4.25 meters), in width from 0.47 to 2.4 meters (average 1.3 meters) and in height from 0.2 to 0.6 meters (average 0.4 meters). Examples of the excavations are presented in Figure 68 through Figure 71. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) A Raw material procurement 740 80 115 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 930 250 60 C1 Raw material procurement 75 30 40 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 123 47 25 C2 Raw material procurement 95 39 35 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 254 175 55 C3 Raw material procurement 108 58 30 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 142 78 35 C4 Raw material procurement 97 49 25 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 200 75 40 D1 Raw material procurement 220 120 48 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 190 60 30 D2 Raw material procurement 100 80 45 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D3 Raw material procurement 170 110 45 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D4 Raw material procurement 70 60 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D5 Raw material procurement 370 150 35 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D6 Raw material procurement 80 50 30 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D7 Raw material procurement 90 80 55 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D8 Raw material procurement 180 60 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 254 103 30 D9 Raw material procurement 400 40 60 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 470 99 50 D10 Raw material procurement 140 100 30 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D11 Raw material procurement 150 80 20 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 133 80 20 1140 270 50 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 67 Figure 66. Site 26874 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 68 Figure 67. Site 26874, Feature B wall and Feature E abraded surfaces (view to northeast). Figure 68. Site 26874, Feature A excavation (view to southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 69 Figure 69. Site 26874, Feature D1 excavation (view to north). Figure 70. Site 26874, Feature D3, D4 and D5 (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 70 Figure 71. Site 26874, Feature D8 and D9 excavations (view to north). Feature E is a concentration of 34 abraded surfaces located in the eastern portion of the site. These features are summarized in Table 7. They vary in length from 0.43 to 3.1 meters (average 1.05 meters) and in width from 0.19 to 1.93 meters (average 0.6 meters). Examples of these abraded surfaces are depicted in Figure 67, Figure 72, Figure 73, and Figure 74. A total of 47 scoria abrader or abrader fragments are present on the surface of the pahoehoe outcrop, in close proximity to the Feature E abraded surfaces. These abraders were not collected; however their physical characteristics are presented in Table 8. They range in length from 3 to 28 cm (average 10.8 cm), in width from 2 to 19 cm (average 7.5 cm), and in thickness from 1.5 to 7 cm (average 4.1 cm). No other cultural material is present. Site 26874 is interpreted as a complex of temporary habitation, resource procurement, and tool manufacture. The Feature B wall is interpreted as possible temporary habitation feature which may have served as a windbreak, based on formal type. The 34 abraded surfaces served as tool manufacturing loci and the 16 excavations were created during efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 71 Table 7. Summary of Site 26874, Feature E abraded surfaces. Figure 72. Site 26874, Feature E10 through E13 (view to east). Feature Length (cm)Width (cm)Shape Feature Length (cm)Width (cm)Shape E1 116 19 Linear E18 172 146 Irregular E2 66 25 Oval E19 190 89 Irregular E3 77 27 Irregular E20 67 40 Oval E4 43 30 Oval E21 56 26 Linear E5 48 28 Oval E22 219 135 Oval E6 126 43 Linear E23 68 49 Oval E7 81 47 Oval E24 65 43 Oval E8 64 40 Oval E25 117 70 Oval E9 72 36 Oval E26 248 109 Irregular E10 100 37 Linear E27 58 50 Irregular E11 64 37 Oval E28 241 130 Irregular E12 56 36 Oval E29 92 57 Irregular E13 50 32 Oval E30 52 38 Oval E14 77 38 Linear E31 67 67 Circular E15 103 49 Irregular E32 59 41 Oval E16 56 37 Oval E33 68 44 Oval E17 310 193 Irregular E34 98 63 Irregular W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 72 Figure 73. Site 26874, Feature E14 through E16 (view to east). Figure 74. Site 26874, Feature E18, E19 and E22 (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 73 Table 8. Summary of Site 26874 abraders. No.Type Length (cm)Width (cm) Thickness (cm) Abraded facets 1 Abrader 14 7 3.5 1 2 Abrader 9.5 4 4 1 3 Abrader 14 11 3.5 1 4 Abrader 9 7 2 4 5 Abrader 18 11.5 3 1 6 Abrader 8 5.5 2 1 7 Abrader 3.5 2 3.5 1 8 Abrader 14.5 11.5 3.5 1 9 Abrader 9 5 3 1 10 Abrader 8 7.5 5 1 11 Abrader 8 6.5 2 1 12 Abrader 15.5 9 5.5 1 13 Abrader 14.5 9.5 7 1 14 Abrader 14 13 6.5 1 15 Abrader fragment 17 9 3.5 2 16 Abrader fragment 16.5 9.5 3.5 2 17 Abrader fragment 6.5 4 4 1 18 Abrader fragment 18 17 6 1 19 Abrader fragment 15 10 6 1 20 Abrader 14 9 7 1 21 Abrader 9 5.5 2.5 1 22 Abrader 8.5 5 6 1 23 Abrader fragment 6.5 5 5 3 24 Abrader fragment 6.5 6 5.5 3 25 Abrader fragment 8 5 4 2 26 Abrader fragment 4.5 3 3.5 2 27 Abrader 4.5 4 3 1 28 Abrader fragment 15 8 6 1 29 Abrader fragment 6.5 5 5.5 1 30 Abrader fragment 11.5 5.5 6 1 31 Abrader 11 10 3.5 1 32 Abrader 7.5 6.5 5.5 1 33 Abrader 10 8 3 2 34 Abrader 5.5 4 3 3 35 Abrader 3.5 2.5 1.5 3 36 Abrader 6.5 5.5 2.5 2 37 Abrader 10.5 8 3 4 38 Abrader 3 2.5 4.5 1 39 Abrader 4.5 3.5 3.5 3 40 Abrader 6 4 4 3 41 Abrader 7.5 4 3.5 2 42 Abrader 3.5 3 2.5 4 43 Abrader 28 15 6 2 44 Abrader 19 17 4 1 45 Abrader 27 19 4 1 46 Abrader fragment 14 10 3.5 2 47 Abrader fragment 9 6 4 3 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 74 Site 26875 Site 26875 is a small lava blister located in the west-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:85) and is comprised of blister in an area of pahoehoe lava. The entrance to the blister faces west and is 1.6 meters wide and 0.7 meters in height (Figure 75). This opens onto an oval-shaped chamber that is 2.6 meters long (north-south) and 1.3 to 1.4 meters wide. The floor is bare lava and the ceiling heights range from 0.55 meters in the center to 0.1 meters around the edges. The area outside the entrance has been excavated in an area 1.0 to 1.65 meters long (north-south) and 0.2 to 1.2 meters wide. The floor of the excavation is boulder and cobble rubble that is 0.3 to 0.5 meters below the surface of the pahoehoe lava. No cultural material is present at the site. Site 26875 is interpreted as a resource procurement site based on the excavated material outside the blister entrance. No evidence of habitation within the blister is present. The site is likely associated with quarrying for raw materials such as scoria or fine grained basalt. It is unaltered and in fair condition. The site assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. Figure 75. Site 26875 plan map and photograph. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 75 Site 26876 Site 26876 is a complex of 16 features located in the north-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation. The site is located on and adjacent to a pahoehoe lava flow surrounded by a‘ā lava. The site was initially identified by Ching (1971:188) as Feature 1244 and subsequently by Rosendahl (1972:68) as Feature 1376. Donham (1987:85) relocated the site and identified a wall and a cairn (Feature A), an excavation in the surface of the pahoehoe outcrop (Feature C) and two excavations at the interface between the pahoehoe lava and the surrounding a‘ā lava (Feature B and Feature D) Donham noted a basalt hammerstone and scoria abraders on the surface of the site, but these were not present during the present project. The examination of the site during the present project indicates it encompasses an area 31 meters long (east-west) and 28 meters wide (Figure 76). The project relocated Features A, B and C, along with a newly identified trail (Feature E). A total of 11 excavations present along the interface between the pahoehoe and a‘ā lava were also identified, designated as Features D1 through D11. Feature A1 is a linear wall located at the northern end of the pahoehoe flow. It is 3.2 meters long (north-south) and 1.25 meters wide, built of roughly stacked and piled boulders and cobbles. It is 0.75 meters high in the center, sloping down to 0.3 meters at the ends (Figure 77). No cultural material is present on the feature; however, Rosendahl (1972:68) collected 15 volcanic glass flakes, fragments of marine shell and charcoal from around the feature. Feature A2 is a mounded located 4.7 meters west of Feature A1. It is 1.55 meters long (north-south), 1.4 meters wide and 0.2 to 0.5 meters high, built of stacked and piled boulders and cobbles (see Figure 77). The feature is generally collapsed; however, Rosendahl roughly rectangular, piled stone cairn, suggesting it was once more formally constructed. A hole is present in the center of the pile. No cultural material is present. Features B, C and D consist of 13 excavations located throughout the site (Figure 78 through Figure 82). Of these 13 excavation, one consists of vertical hole in the pahoehoe outcrop (Feature C), with the remainder located along the interface between the pahoehoe and a‘ā lava flow. The physical characteristic of the 13 excavations are summarized in Table 9. They range in length from 1.43 to 5.6 meters (average 2.82 meters), in width from 0.83 to 2.3 meters (average 1.57 meters) and in depth from 0.35 to 1.0 meters (average 0.69 meters). Spoil piles of excavated boulders and cobbles are associated with each of the excavations, ranging in length from 1.3 to 3.3 meters (average 2.05 meters), in width from 0.45 to 1.1 meters (average 0.74 meters) and in height from 0.21 to 0.6 meters (average 0.43 meters). Table 9. Summary of Site 26876 excavations. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) B Raw material procurement 180 150 60 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 130 48 35 C Raw material procurement 179 83 50 Oval Excavated boulders and cobbles 145 73 20 D1 Raw material procurement 320 135 35 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 330 85 30 D2 Raw material procurement 560 210 60 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface D3 Raw material procurement 330 210 80 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface D4 Raw material procurement 210 110 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 200 45 40 D5 Raw material procurement 145 128 90 Oval Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 175 51 60 D6 Raw material procurement 140 95 90 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 130 65 30 D7 Raw material procurement 390 200 100 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface D8 Raw material procurement 330 222 50 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface D9 Raw material procurement 260 150 90 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 310 60 50 D10 Raw material procurement 230 125 90 Oval Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 208 65 60 D11 Raw material procurement 250 230 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 195 92 60 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction 210 110 30 170 110 60 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 76 Figure 76. Site 26876 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 77 Figure 77. Site 26876, Feature A wall and Feature A2 cairn (view to west). Figure 78. Site 26876, Feature B excavation (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 78 Figure 79. Site 26876, Feature C excavation (view to northwest). Figure 80. Site 26876, Feature D2 excavation (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 79 Figure 81. Site 26876, Feature D3 excavation (view to northwest). Figure 82. Site 26876, Feature D7 and D8 excavations (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 80 The features along the perimeter of the pahoehoe outcrop are comprised of excavated areas with roughly leveled surfaces. No cultural material was noted at any of the excavations; however Rosendahl (1972:72) recovered a single piece of volcanic glass from the surface of Feature B. Rosendahl (ibid.) also excavated several of these level areas and dismantled some of the wall, recovered fragments of marine shell and waterworn coral. Feature E is a T-shaped trail located at the southwestern end of the site. It originates at the western edge of the pahoehoe flow and extends 4.9 meters to the northwest across an area of a‘ā. This trail ends at a northeast by southwest section that is 5.1 meters long. The trail is 0.35 to 1.0 meters wide and consists of linear paths through the a‘ā lava with cobbles and pebbles on the surface worn by foot traffic (Figure 83). No cultural material is present. Figure 83. Site 26876, Feature D11 and Feature E trail (view to northwest). Site 26876 is interpreted as a temporary habitation, resource procurement and transportation complex. The Feature A wall is interpreted as temporary habitation feature which may have served as a windbreak, based on formal type. The adjacent Feature A2 mound is likely also associated with the temporary habitation of the site. Previous work by Walker and Haun (1987) in Kahuku Ahupua‘a in the Kau District identified 52 pairs of C-shaped, slightly curved or linear walls and associated cairns: Such pairs are usually found along trails or near quarried areas a moderate distance from the coast. C-shaped or curved walls usually are open to the southwest with the cairn positioned 4 to 5 m. to the southwest. The cairns generally have a central hole presumably designed to support a post, which in turn supported some kind of superstructure. (Walker and Haun 1987:16) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 81 Figure 84 depicts an example of the paired C-shape and associated cairn features noted by Walker and Haun (1987). This configuration is nearly identical to the positons of Features A1 and A2, although Feature A2 is located west of Feature A1 as opposed to the southwest. This suggests that a roofed structure likely spanned these two features and was likely associated with the quarrying activity at the site and in the nearby vicinity. Three other sites in the project area (Sites 26877, 26878 and 31233 also contain similar paired features. Figure 84. C-shape and cairn configuration noted by Walker and Haun (1987:22) at Kahuku. The remaining features of the site consist of resource procurement features and a trail. The 13 excavations were created during efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria and the Feature E trail was used by occupants of the site to navigate the surrounding terrain. Site 26876 is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 82 Site 26877 Site 26877 is a complex of 14 features located in the north-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation, adjacent to Site 26876 to the east. The site is located on and adjacent to a pahoehoe lava flow surrounded by a‘ā lava. The site was initially identified by Ching (1971:188) as Feature 1244 and subsequently by Rosendahl (1972:68) as Feature 1375. Donham (1987:87) relocated the site and identified a C-shape (Feature A), a cairn (Feature B), and an area of excavations designated as Feature C. The examination of the site during the present project indicates it encompasses an area 53 meters long (west-northwest by east-southeast) and 22 meters wide (Figure 85). The project relocated Features A, B and C, along with a newly identified lava blister (Feature D) and a pile of excavated material (Feature E). A total of ten excavations were present at Feature C, designated as Features C1 through C10. Feature A is a C-shaped enclosure located at the southern end on the surface of the level pahoehoe flow. It is 4.8 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and 1.8 meters wide, open to the west (Figure 86). The enclosure wall is built of stacked pahoehoe boulders, cobbles and slabs, and is 0.65 to 0.8 meters wide and 0.5 meters high, sloping down to 0.3 meters at the ends. Rosendahl (1972:68) collected a basalt hammerstone and two scoria abraders from Feature A. A cowrie shell is located 2.4 meters west of the feature, Feature B is a cairn located 3.4 meters west of the south end of Feature A. It is roughly oval-shaped and is 1.55 meters long (east-west), 1.35 meters wide and 0.6 meters high, built of roughly stacked pahoehoe boulders and cobbles (Figure 87). A hole is present in the center of the pile. No cultural material is present. Feature C is a complex of ten excavations scattered throughout the site complex. Of these ten excavations, one consists of vertical hole in the pahoehoe outcrop (Feature C4), with the remainder located along the interface between the pahoehoe and a‘ā lava flow. The physical characteristic of the ten excavations are summarized in Table 10. The excavations range in length from 1.28 to 7.2 meters (average 3.21 meters), in width from 0.75 to 3.05 meters (average 1.73 meters) and in depth from 0.40 to 0.95 meters (average 0.74 meters). Spoil piles of excavated boulders and cobbles are associated with ten of the excavations (excluding Feature C2). The piles vary in length from 0.97 to 3.3 meters (average 1.74 meters), in width from 0.4 to 3.2 meters (average 1.08 meters) and in height from 0.25 to 0.8 meters (average 0.4 meters). No cultural material is present. Examples of the Feature C excavations are depicted in Figure 88 through Figure 91. Table 10. Summary of Site 26877, Feature C excavations. Feature D is a small lava blister present at the northwest end of the site. The entrance faces the southwest and is 1.3 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 0.8 meters high (Figure 92). The interior is 1.77 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 0.75 to 1.3 meters wide. The interior has been excavated and contains scattered Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) C1 Raw material procurement 320 305 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 195 65 80 C2 Raw material procurement 185 140 80 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface C3 Raw material procurement 190 110 80 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 145 90 30 C4 Raw material procurement 128 75 55 Oval Excavated boulders and cobbles 97 40 25 C5 Raw material procurement 300 300 80 Square Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 330 320 65 C6 Raw material procurement 150 85 80 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 175 75 30 C7 Raw material procurement 260 145 90 Rectangular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 145 60 25 C8 Raw material procurement 720 205 80 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 120 70 30 C9 Raw material procurement 340 160 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 125 55 30 C10 Raw material procurement 410 170 95 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 150 55 25 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 83 Figure 85. Site 26877 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 84 Figure 86. Site 26877, Feature A C-shape (view to east). Figure 87. Site 26877, Feature B cairn (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 85 Figure 88. Site 26877, Feature C-3 excavation (view to southwest). Figure 89. Site 26877, Feature C4 excavation (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 86 Figure 90. Site 26877, Feature C5 (view to northeast). Figure 91. Site 26877, Feature C9 (view to southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 87 Cobbles and pebbles with no cultural material. A piled of material removed from inside the blister is located to the southwest of the entrance. Feature E is a pile of scoria boulders and cobbles located 7.75 meters north-northeast of Feature A. It is linear in shape and is 2.4 meters long (north-south), 0.75 meters wide and 0.3 meters high, comprised of piled material likely removed from the nearby Feature C excavations (Figure 93). No cultural material is present. Site 26877 is interpreted as a temporary habitation and resource procurement complex. The Feature A C-shape is interpreted as temporary habitation feature which may have served as a windbreak, based on formal type. The nearby Feature B cairn likely served as an associated support for a wooden superstructure similar to those noted by Walker and Haun (1987) in Kahuku Ahupua‘a, and at Sites 26876, 26878 and 31233 within the current project area. The ten Feature C excavations and the Feature D lava blister are associated with efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria. The Feature E mound likely represents a stockpile of the excavated material. Site 26876 is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 88 Figure 92. Site 26877, Feature D lava blister (view to northeast). Figure 93. Site 26877, Feature E mound (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 89 Site 26878 Site 26878 is a complex of 13 features located in the northwestern portion of Area 1 at approximately 35 feet elevation in an area of pahoehoe lava. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:88) as a complex comprised of a wall (Feature A) and two widely scattered areas of excavations Features B and C). These feature were relocated during the present project, with five excavations (Features B1, B2, B4 and B5) and a small mound (Feature B3) at Feature B and five excavations at Features C (Features C1 through C5). The site encompasses an area 50 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 25 meters wide (Figure 94). Feature A is a slightly C-shaped wall located in the southern portion of the site. It is 2.85 meters long (north-south) and 0.8 to 0.92 meters wide built of stacked boulders and cobbles, 0.35 to 0.6 meters high (Figure 95). A waterworn basalt cobble is located adjacent to the structure to the south. Feature D is a small irregularly-shaped mound of boulders and cobbles that is 2.3 meters to the west of Feature A. It is 1.3 meters long (east-west), 0.5 meters wide and 0.2 meters high built on bare pahoehoe lava with no cultural material present (see Figure 95). Features B is a concentration of five excavations and a small mound located 7.0 meters to the north of Feature A, and Feature C is a concentration of the five excavations 19.0 meters west of Feature A. These features are summarized in Table 11. The excavations consist of holes in the pahoehoe outcrop that range in length from 0.5 to 3.25 meters (average 1.19 meters), in width from 0.2 to 1.2 meters (average 0.5 meters) and in depth from 0.15 to 0.45 meters (average 0.33 meters). Spoil piles of excavated boulders and cobbles are associated with nine of the ten excavations, ranging in length from 0.7 to 1.5 meters (average 1.18 meters), in width from 0.3 to 1.2 meters (average 0.63 meters) and in height from 0.10 to 0.3 meters (average 0.19 meters). The Feature B3 mound appears to represent a small stockpile of excavation scoria material. No cultural is present at Features B and C. Examples of these features are presented in Figure 96 through Figure 98. Table 11. Summary of Site 26878 excavations and mound Site 26878 is interpreted as a temporary habitation and resource procurement complex. The Feature A C-shape is interpreted as temporary habitation feature which may have served as a windbreak, based on formal type. The nearby Feature mound potentially once functioned as an associated support for a wooden superstructure similar to those noted by Walker and Haun (1987) in Kahuku Ahupua‘a, and at Sites 26877, 26878 and 31233 within the current project area. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) B1 Bird acquistion 150 120 40 Irregular Excavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles 140 40 20 B2 Raw material procurement 95 40 15 Oval Excavated cobbles and pebbles 140 65 15 B3 Material Stockpile 60 30 25 Irregular Piled boulders and cobbles B4 Raw material procurement 200 20 40 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 80 50 20 B5 Raw material procurement 325 100 40 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 100 100 30 B6 Raw material procurement 50 40 40 Irregular Excavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles 120 120 10 C1 Bird acquistion 100 45 35 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 150 40 30 C2 Bird acquistion 75 35 45 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 130 60 15 C3 Bird acquistion 50 30 30 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles C4 Bird acquistion 60 30 20 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 130 30 15 C5 Bird acquistion 85 40 25 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 70 60 15 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 90 Figure 94. Site 26878 plan map W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 91 Figure 95. Site 26878, Feature A C-shape and Feature D mound (view to north) Figure 96. Site 26878, Feature B1 excavation (view to east) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 92 Figure 97. Site 26878, Features C3 through C-5 excavations 9view to northeast) Figure 98. Site 26878, Feature B3 mound (view to north) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 93 Features B1, and C1 through C5 are interpreted as being associated with obtained nesting birds based on formal; type and appearance. The remaining Feature B excavations likely are associated with efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria. The Feature B3 mound likely represents a stockpile of the excavated material. Site 26878 is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 94 Site 31230 Site 31230 is a complex of six trail segments (Features A-F) located in the west-central portion of Area 1. This trail system is discontinuous, separated by a large area of easily traversable pahoehoe lava that contains the previously discussed Site 26874 (see Figure 66). The trail segments total 222.5 linear meters in length and an encompasses an area 160.0 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 45.0 meters wide, between approximately 30 and 35 feet elevation (see Figure 32). Site 31230 was newly identified during the present project. The Feature A and Feature C through F trails are similar in construction, consisting of linear paths through areas of a‘ā lava with cobbles and pebbles on the surface worn by foot traffic. These trail segments range from 0.3 to 1.0 meters wide and contain no cultural material. The Feature D trail is comprised of cobbles and boulders placed in a low spot in a pahoehoe outcrop containing the Site 26874 complex. Feature A is a linear trail located in the eastern portion of the site. It originates at the western end of a pahoehoe outcrop, approximately 56.0 meters north-northeast of the western end of the Site 26871, Feature E trail (see Figure 32). It extends to the northwest for 61.0 meters where it terminates at an area of pahoehoe lava that contains the previously discussed Site 26874 complex (see Figure 66 and Figure 99). Feature B is a short section of trail located on a bare pahoehoe outcrop within the Site 26874 complex (see Figure 66). This trail is 1.5 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 1.0 meters wide, comprised of relatively level boulders and cobbles placed in a low spot in the pahoehoe outcrop. Feature C originates along the northwest side of the pahoehoe flow at Site 26874 (see Figure 66) and extends 33.0 meters to the northwest where it terminates at an area of pahoehoe lava (Figure 100). The Feature D trail continues on the northwest side of this outcrop for 35 meters (Figure 101) where it has been truncated by the construction of the maintenance road. The Feature E trail originates against the pahoehoe outcrop containing Site 26874, located 2.0 meters east of the Feature C trail (see Figure 66). It extends 27.0 meters to the north-northwest where it terminates in another area of scaly pahoehoe. A probable extension of the Feature E trail continues through the scaly pahoehoe for an additional 45.0 meters, although it is poorly defined and ephemeral, consisting of spots of wear on the surface pahoehoe that appears to pre-date evidence of mechanical disturbance. A portion of Feature E is presented in Figure 102 and Figure 103. Feature F is a poorly defined section of trail that extends across an area of scaly pahoehoe adjacent to Feature E to the north, observed by Rick Gmirkin of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program. The southern end originates 3.0 meters north of Feature E and extends 20 meters to the north-northwest. This possible alignment is very difficult to discern due to mechanical disturbance in the area. An overview of the Feature F possible trail is depicted in Figure 103. Site 31230 is interpreted as a complex of transportation features used to traverse the uneven a‘ā lava in this area. This is based on the feature’s formal type and appearance. The minimal modifications of the trail segments suggest this is not a major transportation routes but rather was used by coastal residents to access resources. This trail network appears to be associated with the Site 26871 trail system located to the east, on the inland side of an area of pahoehoe lava. Site 31230 is unaltered and in fair condition. The site is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content). Based on consultation with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Features A-D and the well-defined portions of Feature E are recommended for preservation. The remainder of Feature E will be memorialized as a series of dots or markers across the landscaped and paved parking area. The ephemeral Feature F possible trail is not recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 95 Figure 99. Site 31230, Feature A trail (view to east-southeast). Figure 100. Site 31230, Feature C trail (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 96 Figure 101. Site 31230, Feature D trail (view to southeast). Figure 102. Site 31230, Feature E trail (view to south). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 97 Figure 103. Site 31230, Feature E and Feature F trail (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 98 Site 31231 Site 31231 is a complex of two features located in the southeastern portion of Area 1 at approximately 38 feet elevation. The site is comprised of an excavation (Feature A) and an abraded surface (Feature B) located on an isolated pahoehoe outcrop in an a‘ā lava flow, identified during the present project ( Figure 104 and Figure 105). The outcrop is irregularly shaped and is 8.5 meters long (north-south), 0.4 to 3.0 meters wide and 0.2 to 0.3 meters high. The Feature A excavation is located on the eastern side of the outcrop. It is irregular in shape and is 1.8 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast), 0.3 to 0.55 meters wide and 0.3 to 0.38 meters deep. A pile of excavated boulders and cobbles is located adjacent to the excavation to the east. Feature B is an abraded surface located on the surface of the pahoehoe outcrop adjacent to Feature A to the southwest. The overall dimensions of the feature are 1.45 meters long (north-northeast by south-southwest) and 0.2 to 0.8 meters wide; however, there is a shallow abraded basin along the west side that is 0.55 meters long, 0.16 to 0.49 meters wide and 0.02 to 0.03 meters deep). A total of 14 scoria abrader or abrader fragments are present on the surface of the pahoehoe outcrop. These abraders were not collected; however their physical characteristics are presented in Table 12. They range in length from 3.5 to 16 cm (average 9.8 cm), in width from 3 to 13 cm (average 7.3 cm), and in thickness from 2.5 to 5 cm (average 3.3 cm). No other cultural material is present. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 99 Table 12. Summary of Site 31231 abraders. Site 31231 is interpreted as a resource procurement and tool manufacture site based on the presence of the excavation and the abraded surface. The 14 scoria abraders on the surface of the site were likely excavated from Feature A and ground on the Feature B surface. It is unaltered and in fair condition. The site assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. No.Type Length (cm) Width (cm) Thickness (cm) Abraded facets 1 Abrader 16 13 3.5 1 2 Abrader 10 9.5 3 4 3 Abrader 12 6 4 1 4 Abrader 11 7 3 1 5 Abrader fragment 3.5 3 4 1 6 Abrader fragment 4 4 3 1 7 Abrader 12 11 5 1 8 Abrader 13.5 8 2.5 1 9 Abrader 12 10 3 1 10 Abrader fragment 7.5 5.5 2.5 3 11 Abrader fragment 9.5 7.5 2.5 3 12 Abrader fragment 4.5 3.5 2.5 1 13 Abrader 14 8 3 1 14 Abrader 8.5 6 4 1 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 100 Figure 104. Site 31231 site map. Figure 105. Overview of Site 31231 (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 101 Site 31232 Site 31232 is a complex of two features located in the southeastern portion of Area 1 at approximately 40 feet elevation. The site is located southeast of Site 26869 and west of Site 31231 and was identified during the present project. The site consists of two areas of pahoehoe lava surrounded by a‘ā lava, designated as Features A and B (Figure 106). The site encompasses an overall area 24 meters long (north-south) and 16 meters wide. Each of the pahoehoe areas contain abraded surfaces and scattered scoria abraders. Feature A is located at the southern end of the site. This pahoehoe area is irregularly-shaped and is 8.9 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 5.8 to 7.4 meters wide. It contains seven abraded surfaces (Features A1 through A7) and 29 abraders or abrader fragments. Feature B is situated 2.0 meters northwest of Feature A. It is also irregularly-shaped and is 14.0 meters long (north- south) and 2.5 to 6.7 meters wide. It contains three abraded surfaces (Features B1 through B3) and ten abrader or abrader fragments. The physical characteristics of the ten abraded surfaces at Site 31232 are summarized in Table 13. These features range in length from 0.26 to 0.69 meters (average 0.46 meters) and in width from 0.08 to 0.46 meters (average 0.24 meters). Examples of these abraded surfaces are depicted in Figure 107 and Figure 108. Table 13. Summary of Site 31232 abraded surfaces. A total of 39 scoria abrader or abrader fragments are present on the surface of the Feature A and B pahoehoe outcrop. These abraders were not collected; however their physical characteristics are presented in Table 14. They range in length from 4 to 18 cm (average 9.6 cm), in width from 3 to 13 cm (average 6.7 cm), and in thickness from 1.5 to 8 cm (average 3.3 cm). No other cultural material is present. Site 31232 is interpreted as a tool manufacture loci with the abraded surfaces used to create scoria abraders. The source of the abrader material may have been from the nearby Site 26869 complex located 15 meters to the northwest. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. Feature Length (cm) Width (cm)Shape A1 57 8 Linear A2 27 14 Oval A3 53 35 Oval A4 54 46 Linear A5 42 33 Oval A6 32 18 Irregular A7 57 27 Oval B1 69 15 Irregular B2 26 21 Oval B3 46 23 Irregular W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 102 Figure 106. Site 31232 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 103 Figure 107. Site 31232, Feature A3 through A5 abraded surfaces (view to southwest). Figure 108. Site 31232, Feature B1 through B3 abraded surfaces (view to south-southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 104 Table 14. Summary of Site 31232 abraders. No.Type Length (cm) Width (cm) Thickness (cm) Abraded facets 1 Abrader 11 8 5.5 1 2 Abrader 13 8 2 1 3 Abrader 5 4 5 1 4 Abrader 6 5 4.5 1 5 Abrader 4 3 1.5 1 6 Abrader 7 3 2 1 7 Abrader 5 4 3 1 8 Abrader 7 6 4 1 9 Abrader 6 3 4 1 10 Abrader 15 10 2 1 11 Abrader fragment 6 5 3.5 1 12 Abrader fragment 8 4 3 1 13 Abrader fragment 11 6 3.5 1 14 Abrader fragment 14 7 3.5 1 15 Abrader 9 6 4 1 16 Abrader 6 3 3 3 17 Abrader fragment 7 7 2 2 18 Abrader fragment 6 5 2 1 19 Abrader fragment 18 9 8 2 20 Abrader 14 12 5 2 21 Abrader 9 5 2 3 22 Abrader 6 6 3 1 23 Abrader 12 6.5 2 1 24 Abrader 12 10 2 1 25 Abrader fragment 13 10 6 2 26 Abrader 8 7 2 1 27 Abrader 7 6 2 1 28 Abrader 15 9 3 1 29 Abrader 13 11 4 2 1 Abrader 17.5 13 3.5 1 2 Abrader 9 4.5 2.5 3 3 Abrader 8.5 5.5 5.5 2 4 Abrader 14 12 3.5 1 5 Abrader fragment 9 8 3 1 6 Abrader fragment 10 8 2.5 1 7 Abrader fragment 7 6 3 1 8 Abrader 9 6 3 1 9 Abrader 6 5 1.5 1 10 Abrader 9 6 3.5 2 Feature A Feature B W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 105 Site 31233 Site 31233 is a complex of three features located in the central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation. The features consist of a wall (Feature A), and two possible collapsed cair4ns (Features B and C) located in an area 6.5 meters long (east-west) by 5.3 meters wide (Figure 109). The site is located in an area of pahoehoe lava and was identified during the present project. No cultural material is present at the site. ` Figure 109. Site 31233 plan map. Feature A is a slightly curved wall located in the eastern portion of the site. It is 2.0 meters long (north-south) and 0.4 to 0.75 meters wide built of stacked boulders, cobbles and slabs (Figure 110). It is 0.7 to 0.75 meters high in the center, sloping down to 0.2 meters at the end. Feature B is a small cairn located 4.5 meters west of Feature A. It is roughly circular in shape and is 1.0 meters long (north-south) and 0.95 meters wide, built of stacked boulders and cobbles (Figure 111). It is 0.45 to 0.6 meters high with collapsed areas along the east and southwest sides. There is a hole in the center of the feature that extends down to the pahoehoe outcrop (Figure 112). Feature C is the possible remnants of a collapsed cairn situated 3.0 meters northeast of Feature B. It is linear in shape and is 1.8 meters long (north-south) 0.6 to 0.85 meters wide and 0.35 to 0.4 meters high, built of piled boulders and cobbles (Figure 113). Site 31233 is interpreted is interpreted as a complex of temporary habitation. The Feature A wall potentially served as temporary windbreak or shelter based on its formal type and appearance. Features B and C are interpreted as possible cairns based on the presence of the hole in Feature B which may have supported a post, similar to those seen in Kahuku Ahupua‘a by Walker and Haun (1987) and at Sites 26876, 26877 and 26878 in the present project area. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 106 Figure 110. Site 31233, Feature A wall (view to east). Figure 111. Site 31233, Feature B cairn (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 107 Figure 112. Hole in center of Feature B (view to north). Figure 113. Site 31233, Feature C collapsed cairn (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 108 Site 31234 Site 31234 is a complex of 240 features scattered throughout Areas 1, 2 and 3. These features were designated as elements of a single complex because they are all related to the procurement natural resources and are not associated with other functional feature types. The vast majority of these features are located in Area 1 (n=28) with one located in Area 2 (Feature 239) and one in Area 3 (Feature 240). The paucity of the features in these areas and elsewhere in the project area is attributed to the prior golf course disturbance and the preponderance of a‘ā lava. The 240 features consist of 215 excavations, 17 mounds, and eight areas of battered pahoehoe. The location of these features is shown in Figure 114 and their physical characteristics are presented in Appendix A. Excavations The 214 excavations consists of 156 interpreted as being created during efforts to obtain raw materials such scoria or potentially fine-grained grained basalt, and 58 interpreted associated with the collection of nesting sea birds. The 156 raw material excavations range in length from 0.2 to 12.2 meters (average 1.76 meters), in width from 0.15 to 4.5 meters (average 0.9 meters) and in depth from 0.05 to 1.20 meters (average 0.43 meters). The majority of these excavations are irregularly-- shaped (137) and the remainder are roughly linear. Of these 156 excavations, 109 have adjacent spoil piles containing debris removed during the excavation. These are 0.3 to 4.0 meters long (average 1.48 meters), 0.2 to 1.7 meters wide (average 0.73 meters) and 0.1 to 0.5 meters high (average 0.23 meters). Scattered scoria stones are generally present in association with the features. Examples of these features are depicted in Figure 115 and Figure 118. The 58 excavations associated with bird collecting are generally smaller that the raw material excavations and the interiors have been cleared of rubble. Several of these excavations contain gastroliths or calcified bird gizzards. These excavations range in length from 0.25 to 2.0 meters (average 0.86 meters), in width from 0.1 to 1.2 meters (average 0.41meters) and in depth from 0.1 to 1.0 meters (average 0.37 meters). These features are irregularly-shaped and 27 have associated spoil piles. These piles are 0.3 to 2.0 meters long (average 1.04 meters), 0.1 to 1.0 meters wide (average 0.46 meters) and 0.1 to 0.3 meters high (average 0.17 meters). Examples are depicted in Figure 119 and Figure 122. Stockpiling features A total of 17 mounds are present at Site 31234. These consist of piles of scoria pieces in the immediate vicinity of the excavations. They range in length from 0.25 to 1.6 meters (average 0.92 meters), width from 0.1 to 2.0 meters (average 0.69 meters) and in height from 0.05 to 0.5 meters (average 0.23 meters). These piles are irregular in shape and no associated cultural material is present. Figure 123 and Figure 124 illustrate examples of the Site 31234 mounds. Battered pahoehoe There are eight areas of battered pahoehoe in the project area. These features consist of located on pahoehoe outcrops where the process of excavating for either raw material or nesting birds was apparently not completed. These features are irregularly-shape4d and are 0.9 to 4.8 meters long (average 2.87 meters) and 0.45 to 2.5 meters wide (1.59 meters). No cultural material was found in association with these features, examples of which are presented in Figure 125 and Figure 126. Several waterworn basalt bashers were also noted during the project, located in close proximity to the Site 31234 features. These objects were imported by the shoreline and evidence battered end, and were used to break through the lava to obtain the various resources. An example of a waterworn basher, located in close proximity to the Feature 54 excavation is presented in Figure 127. No other cultural material was present at the site. As stated, Site 31234 is interpreted as a complex of resource procurement features based on formal type and appearance. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 109 Figure 114. Site 31234 features. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 110 Figure 115. Site 31234, Feature 21 excavation (view to northwest). Figure 116. Site 31234, Feature 26 excavation (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 111 Figure 117. Site 31234, Feature 27 excavation (view to southeast). Figure 118. Site 31234, Feature 62 excavation (view to south-southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 112 Figure 119. Site 31234, Feature 19 bird excavation (view to northwest). Figure 120. Site 31234, Feature 36 bird excavation (view to south). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 113 Figure 121. Site 31234, Feature 166 bird excavation (view to west). Figure 122. Site 31234, Feature 202 bird excavation (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 114 Figure 123. Site 31234, Feature 175 material stockpile (view to north). Figure 124. Site 31234, Feature 227 material stockpile (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 115 Figure 125. Site 31234, Feature 29 area of battered pahoehoe (view to southeast). Figure 126. Site 31234, Feature 133 area of battered pahoehoe (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 116 Figure 127. Site 31234 waterworn basalt basher (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 117 CONCLUSION Discussion Despite the marginal nature of the arid, lava covered project area, 14 sites with a total of 418 features are present. The majority of these features are associated with procurement of natural resources such as scoriaceous lava for the manufacture of abraders or obtaining nesting seabirds. A total of 339 resource procurement features (81%) were identified at ten of the sites (Sites 26869, 26872-26878, 31231 and 31234) consisting of excavated areas in the lava, modified lava blisters, battered pahoehoe surfaces, and mounds of stockpiled material. The ten sites with excavations indicate that a total of 192.13 cubic meters of material were excavated within the project area. Evidence of the manufacture of scoria abraders was noted at 50 features (12%) of five sites (Sites 26869, 26873, 26874, 31231 and 31232). These features consist of worn surfaces in areas of pahoehoe lava that were created by abrading scoria material to shape the tools. Archaeological research in the project area also documented evidence of pre-contact habitation at 15 features (4%) of seven sites (Sites 26869, 23873, 26874, 26876-26878 and 31233). These habitations are all temporary in nature and are almost certainly associated with the resource procurement and tool manufacture activities discussed above. Of these 15 features, two are lava tubes (Site 26869-A and 26873-A) and the remainder are surface structures. These surface structures consists of four walls (Site 26873-D, 26874-B, 26876-A, and 31233-D), three C-shapes (Site 26873- C, 26877- A and 26878- A), four cairns, (Sites 26876-A2, 26877-B and 31233-B and –C), a mound (Site 26878-D) and an alignment (Site 26869-E). The lava tube features evidence limited cultural material and likely served as temporary shelters from the elements. The walls and C-shape are all generally oriented to block the prevailing winds and appear to have served as windbreaks. The project identified four sites that contain paired C-shapes/walls and cairns/mounds that appeared to have formed the foundation of a unique roofed superstructure that has been documented in other locations on Hawai‘i Island (Sites 26876, 26877, 26878 and 31233). Walker and Haun (1987:36) identified similar pairs of windbreaks and cairns with holes in their surfaces that likely supported a wooden post in Kahuku Ahupua‘a in the Kau District (see Figure 84). These paired features were also found in the immediate vicinity of abrader quarries and abrader manufacturing areas and were typically situated a moderate distance inland from the coast. As with the paired features in the present project area, Walker and Haun (ibid.) also noted that habitation debris at these sites was rare. This indicates that habitation at these sites was of a very limited duration. The project identified 13 trail segments (3% of total features) at four sites. Two of the trail segments (Site 26873, Feature F and Site 26876, Feature E) are intra-site trails, with the 11 remaining sections being components of two trail networks (Sites 26871 and 31230). These latter sites are located approximately 50 meters apart and were therefore assigned separate site designations; however, it is possible that they may have functioned as part of the same transportation route. Previous ethnographic research shows that there was a network of trails in the vicinity that people would use to travel between Kawaihae, Keawaiki, Kailua, and to go fishing. The area was formerly owned by Parker Ranch and from as far back as the 1950s employees and their families would come down to ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay to camp and fish and gather shell fish; however, the trails within the project area do not appear to be associated with these activities. They more likely functioned as pre-contact transportation routes used to traverse the rugged a‘ā lava to access the resource procurement and associated temporary habitation sites in the immediate area (Sites 26873-26878 and 31233; see Figure 32). These trails are poorly defined and consist primarily of ephemeral paths through the a‘ā lava with cobbles and pebbles on the surface worn by foot traffic. It is likely that these trails also have been used by goats traversing the lava as they were noted in the area during the present project (Figure 128). This use undoubtedly enhances the visibility of the trails. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 118 Figure 128. Goats in project area (view to southeast).Significance Assessments Hawai‘i Island trails are categorized in accordance with a typology created by Apple (1965) for Honaunau. The trail types consist of Type A, A/B, C and D. These trail types are summarized in Haun et al. (1998). 1. Type A – single file foot trails constructed during pre-Contact and early Historic (prior to the abolishment of the Kapu system) times (Prehistory to AD 1819). 2. Type A/B – modified Type A to accommodate the use of horses. Some widening and ramping of slopes with some evidencing the addition of curbing (kerbstones) (AD 1820 to AD 1840). 3. Type C – newly constructed horse trails wide enough for two horse travel. A linear alignment and distinct kerbstones typify these trails (AD 1841 to AD 1918). 4. Type D – modified Type C to accommodate the use of wheeled vehicles (later nineteenth and early twentieth century. (Haun et al. 1998:7.32) Based on Apple’s (1965) typology, all of the trail segments in the project area are Type A single file foot trails. Haun and Henry’s (2017a) work along ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay defined trails as Primary, Secondary or Tertiary in the Waikoloa area based on form and location. Primary trails consist of the major transportation routes through the such as the Site 0002 Kiholo-Puako Trail, the ancient Ala loa and the Ala Kahakai. These trails are well constructed with steppingstones and or kerbstones. Secondary trails functioned to connect the primary trails with the shoreline, fishponds or other sites in the area. The secondary trails appear to have been improved by the manual removal of cobble and boulder-size stones that were piled on the sides of the trail segments. Tertiary trails serve to connect the secondary trails to nearby sites or resource areas. These trails are either modified with cleared surfaces (or are worn paths through the lava with no modification. The trail segments that comprise Sites 26871 and 31230 are interpreted as minor, tertiary transportation routes. The sites identified during the survey are assessed for significance based on Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) §13- 284-6. According to (HAR) §13-284-6 (b), a site must possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and/or association and shall meet one or more of the following criteria: W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 119 1. Criterion "a": Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our history; 2. Criterion "b": Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past; 3. Criterion "c": Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the work of a master; or possess high artistic value; 4. Criterion "d": Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on prehistory or history; and 5. Criterion "e": Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural practices once carried out, or still carried out, at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs, events or oral accounts―these associations being important to the group’s history and cultural identity. The 14 sites documented during the AIS possess integrity of location and materials. The sites are assessed as significant solely under Criterion “d” and have yielded information important for understanding the pre-contact resource procurement, tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area (Table 15). Treatment Recommendations The mapping, written description and photography of 12 of the 14 sites have adequately document them and no further work or preservation is recommended (Sites 26869, 26872-26878, and 31231-31234). Based on consultation with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the Site 26871 trail and portions of the Site 31230 trail are recommended for preservation. The preserved portions of Site 31230 will consist of Features A-D and the well-defined portions of Feature E. The remainder of Feature E will be memorialized as a series of dots or markers across the landscaped and paved parking area. The ephemeral Feature F possible trail is not recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. As stated, there are three proposed development areas within the project area, designated as Areas A, B and C by the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC; see Figure 3). Area A consists of an approximately 45.9-acre portion of the King’s Course golf course, of which nine of the 18 golf courses holes will be repurposed for timeshare, single-family residential and community use. Area B is an approximately 133.8-acre area containing a portion of the King’s Course golf course seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway and north of Waikoloa Beach Drive that is slated for the construction of 900 additional timeshare units, related support and community facilities, updated golf amenities, and new public parks and trails. Area C is an approximately 3.1-acre area located at the north end of the proposed development area that will be used for a brackish water irrigation system. These proposed development activities will have no effect on the historic properties due to the aforementioned recommendations of no further work. At the request of SHPD for a previous project in the Waikoloa area (Haun and Henry 2017a), research concerning the existing archaeological site preserves in the general vicinity of the project was undertaken to provide a context for evaluating sites within the project area for preservation. This research indicates that there are 17 archeological preserves located in ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalāhuipua‘a, Pu‘u-anahulu, Waikoloa, and Lalamilo. These preserves are summarized in Table 16 and their locations are shown on Figure 129. The archaeological preserves encompass more than 5,350 acres and contain an estimated total of nearly 5,900 features. The features protected within the preserves consist of petroglyphs (2,161), abrader basins (932), habitation structures (650), habitation caves (368), quarry areas (257), trails (95), cairns (86), burials (37), ponds (19), ceremonial sites (3), and miscellaneous features (1,577). No other quarry, temporary habitation, or tool manufacturing sites in the project area are recommended for preservation because better and more extensive examples are present in the previously designated preserves. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 120 Table 15. Site significance and treatment recommendations. Site number Formal type Area Function Significance Criteria* Recommended Treatment 26869 Complex (10)1 Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture d No further work 26871 Complex (6)1 Transportation, Marker d Preservation 26872 Complex (30)1 Resource procurement d No further work 26873 Complex (16)1 Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture, Transportation d No further work 26874 Complex (51)1 Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture d No further work 26875 Lava blister 1 Resource procurement d No further work 26876 Complex (16)1 Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Transportation d No further work 26877 Complex (14)1 Temporary habitation, Marker, Resource procurement d No further work 26878 Complex (13)1 Temporary habitation,Resource procurement d No further work 31230 Complex (5)1 Transportation d Preservation 31231 Complex (2)1 Resource procurement, Tool manufacture d No further work 31232 Complex (10)1 Tool manufacuture d No further work 31233 Complex (3)1 Temporary habitation d No further work 31234 Complex (240)1, 2, 3, Resource procurement d No further work * d = information content W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 121 PetroglyphAbrader basinsHabitation structureHabitation caveQuarry featruesTrailCairn BurialsPondsCeremonial featureIndeterminate/ miscellaneous featuresAKanikū Settlement‘Anaeho‘omalu Yes 2.517614 1522 44 Walker and Rosendahl (1985), Hammatt et al. (2001)BLots 6, 7, and portion of 8‘Anaeho‘omalu No3.8146 6 7 1Jensen (1989a, 1989b, 1990a, 1990b)CLot 8‘Anaeho‘omalu No0.348 50 471Jensen (1989c, 1989d, 1989e)DNawahine Rock Settlement‘Anaeho‘omalu No0.823172 31Barrera (1971), Jensen (1990c)ESite 11983‘Anaeho‘omalu No0.111 105 101Jensen (1989f, 1989g)FCave Preserve‘Anaeho‘omalu No5.5 11Jensen (1990c)GKe Ahu a Lono shrine, abrader easement and King's Trail‘Anaeho‘omalu No13.12311683 8472 21Donham (1986), Jensen (1990c)HPetroglyph area and King's Trail‘Anaeho‘omalu Yes 37.5140 150 110 11 121 6Jensen (1990c)IFishponds (Kahapapa and Ku‘uali‘i)‘Anaeho‘omalu Yes 16.3 22Jensen (1990c)J Historic Preserve A (Cave complex with petroglyphs)Kalāhuipua‘aYes 20.467 11 25 23 1711Kirch (1979), Hommon (1982)KHistoric Preserve BKalāhuipua‘aNo3.5139 1 1 1 1Kirch (1979), Hommon (1982)L Sites 16252-16258 (abrader quarry areas) WaikoloaNo34.86432 124106Landrum et al. (2002)M Sites 16259-16274 (abrader quarry areas) WaikoloaNo11.84594465 17Landrum et al. (2002)NSite 11269Pu‘u Anahulu No3.89797Jensen (1989h and 1989i)OKiholo State ParkKalāhuipua‘aNo4362 2756 59 21 556 328 36 85 56 31 11 1573Rechtman and Wolforth (1999), Planning Solutions, Inc. PFishponds (Waipuhi, Manoku, Hope‘ai‘a, Kahinawao,Ka‘ai‘ōpio , Lāhuipua‘a)Kalāhuipua‘aYes3566Kirch (1979), Hommon (1982)Q Puako Petroglyph Archaeological DistrictLalamilo Yes800 1780 1780Bishop Museum (1964)5351.225888 2161 962 650 368 257 95 86 37 1931577TotalPreservation featuresNo. of preservation featuresAreaNameReferencesAcreage of preservation areaInterpretively developedLocationTable 16. Archaeological Preserves W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 122 Figure 129. Location of archaeological preserves in vicinity of project area. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 123 TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS¹ a‘ā – jagged lava ahu – cairn or marker ahupua‘a – traditional Hawaiian land unit usually extending from the uplands to the sea hala - Pandanus odoratissimus hau - Hibiscus tileaceus heiau – pre-Christian place of worship. Shrine ‘ili - land section, next in importance to ahupuaʻa and usually a subdivision of an ahupuaʻa kalana – division of land smaller than a moku or district kihapai - small land division, cultivated patch, garden, orchard, field, small farm kipuka - a clear place in a lava field konohiki – headman of an ahupua‘a land division under the chief kua‘iwi – inland-seaward agricultural feature kuleana – small piece of property, as within an ahupuaʻa Māhele – land division of 1848 mākāhā – sluice gate in fishpond makai – seaward mauka – inland māla - garden, plantation, patch, cultivated field papamū - stone on which the checker-like game kōnane was played pahoehoe - smooth, unbroken type of lava, contrasting with a‘ā lava ¹ - from wehewehe.org W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 124 REFERENCES Alexander, W.D. 1882 "A Brief History of Land Titles in the Hawaiian Kingdom," Appendix 1 to Surveyor General's Report, Interior Department. Honolulu: P.C. Advertiser Co. Steam Print. Apple, R.A. 1965 Hawaiian Archaeology: Trails. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 53. Honolulu. Apple, R.A. and W. Kikuchi 1975 Ancient Hawai‘i Shore Zone Fishponds: An Evaluation of Survivors for Historical Preservation. Office of the State Director, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. Archives Division of the Hawai‘i Department of Accounting and General Services. 2021 www.ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search Barrera, W. 1971 Anaeho‘omalu: An Hawaiian Oasis. Pacific Anthropological Records N0. 15. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum. Barrere, D. 1971 Anaeho‘omalu – A Reconstruction of Its History. Appendix A in Barrera 1971. 1983 “Notes on the Lands of Waimea and Kawaihae.” IN Jeffrey T. Clark and Patrick V. Kirch Archaeological Investigations of the Mudlane-Waimea-Kawaihae Road Corridor, Island of Hawai‘i: An Interdisciplinary Study of an Environmental Transect, pp. 25-38. 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Monahan, C. 2021 Final Native Hawaiian Traditional and Customary Practices Assessment in Support of a Special Management Area (SMA) and Change of Zone (COZ) Application for an Approximately 183.8-acre Project Area (Kumu Hou Project), Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Hawai‘i Island, TMK (3) 6-9-008:022, 025, 033 & Portions of (3) 6-9- 008:013, 021, 027-029 & 031. Prepared for Waikoloa Land Company. NR n.d. Native Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai‘i State Archives. NT n.d. Native Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai‘i State Archives. Nakamura, M., K. Sherry and L. Tamimi 1998 Foraging for Food? Prehistoric Pit Features at Pohakuloa, Hawai‘i. Rapa Nui Journal. Nees, R. 1995 Final Report: Archaeological Inventory Survey of Parcel G, Mauna Lani Resort Complex, Anaehoomalu Ili, Waimea Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Hawai‘i (TMK: 6-8-22:27). Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc. report prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 130 Planning Solutions, Inc. 2014 Kiholo State Park Final Master Plan and Final Environmental Assessment. Division of State Parks, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Island of Hawai‘i. Rechtman, R. and T. Wolforth. 1999 Archaeological Survey of a Nine-Acre Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a Ahupua‘a, North Kona District, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: (3)-7-l-2:Por.02). Report No. 199S.092499 Prepared by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. for Cades, Schutte, Fleming and Wright. Author: Kailua-Kona, HI. Reinecke, J. 1930 Survey of Hawaiian Sites” from Kailua-Kona to Kalahuipa‘a, Kohala. Ms, in Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum. Rosendahl, P, 1972 Archaeological Salvage of the Hapuna-Anaehoomalu Section of the Kailua-Kawaihae Road (Queen u Highway), Island of Hawai‘i. Dept. Report Series 72-5.Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. 1984 Archaeological Field Inspection of Waikoloa Hyatt Hotel Site, Anaehoomalu, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report Ms. 140-090584 prepared for Belt Collins & Associates. 1985 Archaeological Field Inspection, Powerline corridor – Waikoloa Beach Resort, Anaehoomalu, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 153-011485 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company. Sato, H.H., W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R. Smythe, and M. Takehiro, Jr. 1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawai‘i, State of Hawai‘i. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and University of Hawai‘i Agricultural Sea Engineering, Inc. 2012 Anaehoomalu Bay Tsunami Damage Repair Plan, Anaehoomalu, Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawai‘i. Prepared for Waikoloa Beach Association. Shun, K. 1984 Intensive Archaeological Survey, Waikoloa Hyatt Hotel Site, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Anaehoomalu, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report Ms. 140-090784 prepared for Belt Collins & Associates. Speakman, C.E., Jr. 2001 An Informal History of the Hawaiian Island. San Rafael: Pueo Press. Stasack, E. and D. Stasack 2007 Waikoloa Rock Art Recording Reports, Site E1-66 (Camel Area), Site 20760 (Beach Club), Addenda Sites (Site 20763 and Shoreline Papamū). Report prepared for Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail, National Park Service, Island of Hawai‘i, State of Hawai‘i. U.S. Climate Data website 2018 www.usclimatedata.com Waihona ‘Aina Corporation 2000 The Mahele Database, waihona.com. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 131 Walker, A., and P. Rosendahl 1985 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 195-103185 prepared for Waikoloa Development Company, Inc. 1986 Intensive Survey and Test Excavations, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Off-site Electrical Work Project Area, Land of Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 258-082586 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company. Welch, D. 1989 Archaeological Mapping and Data Recovery at Mauna Lani Golf Course and Beach Park |Area, South Kohala, Hawai‘i. IARII report prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. Wehewehe.org 2016 Hawai‘i Electronic Library - Nā Puke Wehewehe ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i Wellmon, Bernard B. 1970 The Parker Ranch: A History. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Wolfe, E. and J. Morris 2001 Geological Map of the Island of Hawai‘i. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S Geological Survey. Wolforth, T., G. Escott, and L., McGerty 2016 An Archaeological Inventory Survey Report for the Saddle Road Extension Project in Waikoloa and Pu‘uanahulu Ahupua‘a, North Kona and South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. Portions of TMK: (3) 6-8-001:005, 027, 006, 067; and (3) 6-8-002:013, 014, 015; and (3) 7-1-003:001. Scientific Consultants Report prepared for DMT Consultant Engineers. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 132 APPENDIX A – SUMMARY OF 31234 FEATURES Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing1 Excavation Raw material procurement100 60 120IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles1.06198924 22045632 Excavation Raw material procurement70 30 45IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles1.07198922 22045633 Excavation Raw material procurement200 90 65IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles150 150 201.01198921 22045674 MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled cobbbles and pebbles35 30 101.04198926 22045695 Excavation Raw material procurement120 40 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 70 204.00198940 22045736 Excavation Raw material procurement40 40 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles50 50 251.02198919 22045707 Excavation Raw material procurement80 50 35IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 50 101.03198924 22045718 Excavation Raw material procurement80 80 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles1.05198923 22045729 Excavation Raw material procurement280 50 55IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles3.05198927 220457810Excavation Raw material procurement130 100 45IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles3.01198920 220457711Excavation Raw material procurement100 55 45IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles3.04198922 220457912Excavation Raw material procurement110 85 45IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles3.02198922 220458213Excavation Raw material procurement85 65 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles3.03198923 220458214Excavation Raw material procurement160 75 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 70 207198958 220460015Excavation Raw material procurement50 110 10IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles2.03198911 220458416Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement260 2000 IrregularBattered pahoehoe2.01198909 220458317Excavation Raw material procurement60 50 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles2.04198906 220458418Excavation Raw material procurement110 110 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 45 202.02198909 220458719ExcavationBird acquisition80 80 80IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles27.03198883 220457520Excavation Raw material procurement150 150 10IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles27.01198888 220458021Excavation Raw material procurement120 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles27.02198883 220458322MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles100 65 3026.05198894 220459123Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement465 2000 IrregularBattered pahoehoe26.04198893 220458924Excavation Raw material procurement180 60 80IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles26.02198889 220459325Excavation Raw material procurement160 80 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 2026.01198887 220459126Excavation Raw material procurement140 75 75IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles110 70 2026.03198886 220459427Excavation Raw material procurement450 65 80LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles200 110 2028.01198873 220459328Excavation Raw material procurement160 30 25LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles80 60 2028.03198869 220460329Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement400 2000 IrregularBattered pahoehoe30 198871 220460830Excavation Raw material procurement510 400 50IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles32.01198878 220460631Excavation Raw material procurement300 75 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 60 1525.01198896 220460432Excavation Raw material procurement100 100 50IrregularExcavated cobbles170 75 2025.02198883 220461033Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 60IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles230 60 2055.03198861 220462834Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 70IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles300 160 2555.02198856 220462935Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles55.04198860 220464636Excavation Raw material procurement350 200 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles55.01198864 220464137Excavation Raw material procurement150 150 30IrregularExcavated cobbles54.01198865 220464338Excavation Raw material procurement130 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles140 35 1553.13198882 220463639Excavation Raw material procurement70 70 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles8198991 2204639FeatureFunctionGPS CoordinatesTemporary field designationFormal typeExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensions W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 133 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing40Excavation Raw material procurement300 40 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles250 100 2035.01198905 220463041ExcavationBird acquisition65 60 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles22 199143 220477842Excavation Raw material procurement170 90 10IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles53.12198888 220464443Excavation Raw material procurement130 80 20IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles53.11198890 220464944Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 25IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles35.02198904 220465345Excavation Raw material procurement160 100 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 3036.01198951 220465146Excavation Raw material procurement100 60 50LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles80 30 2036.02198948 220465147Excavation Raw material procurement240 110 55IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles270 130 3053.01198883 220466148Excavation Raw material procurement200 170 55IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles300 60 2053.02198883 220465649Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 60 2053.05198887 220465850Excavation Raw material procurement260 200 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 100 3053.06198884 220465851Excavation Raw material procurement240 120 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles400 130 4534.04198871 220463252Excavation Raw material procurement170 40 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 30 2053.03198883 220466253Excavation Raw material procurement150 130 65IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles220 170 3553.04198886 220466254Excavation Raw material procurement120 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles52.01198896 220466255Excavation Raw material procurement600 300 30IrregularBattered and abraded pahoehoe53.09198886 220466656Excavation Raw material procurement210 200 40IrregularBattered and abraded pahoehoe200 140 5053.08198883 220466857Excavation Raw material procurement180 70 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 100 4553.07198879 220466758Excavation Raw material procurement180 180 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 60 209.04199013 220466159Excavation Raw material procurement140 70 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 60 209.01199038 220466060Excavation Raw material procurement130 90 90IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 70 259.02199039 220466161Excavation Raw material procurement50 50 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles50 50 209.03199041 220466262Excavation Raw material procurement70 40 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 100 1558.01198869 220469863Excavation Raw material procurement1220 50 25LinearExcavated cobbles and pebbles28.02198877 220459364ExcavationBird acquisition100 45 15IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles107.08198900 220471965Excavation Raw material procurement230 40 60IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles200 100 2060.02198888 220471366Excavation Raw material procurement80 40 50IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 100 1560.01198889 220471467ExcavationBird acquisition100 60 80IrregularExcavated rocks59.03198877 220471568Excavation Raw material procurement150 30 20IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles59.01198878 220471469ExcavationBird acquisition100 100 80IrregularExcavated rocks59.05198875 220471670ExcavationBird acquisition70 50 70IrregularExcavated rocks59.06198874 220471771ExcavationBird acquisition75 40 50IrregularExcavated cobbles59.02198878 220471572ExcavationBird acquisition130 60 100IrregularExcavated rocks59.04198881 220471573ExcavationBird acquisition200 30 40IrregularExcavated rocks59.07198880 220472174MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles30 30 3086.02198913 220476875Excavation Raw material procurement130 110 100IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 60 3085.05198935 2204767FeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS Coordinates W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 134 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing76Excavation Raw material procurement20 205 IrregularOverturned slab85.06198936 220476777Excavation Raw material procurement100 45 45IrregularExcavated slabs and cobbles170 45 3061.01198967 220475578Excavation Raw material procurement170 140 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 60 3085.04198939 220477379Excavation Raw material procurement180 35 20LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles170 60 1585.07198939 220477480Excavation Raw material procurement100 140 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles170 60 2085.01198938 220477981Excavation Raw material procurement170 120 120IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles110 50 4085.02198938 220478082Excavation Raw material procurement140 100 120IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 2585.03198936 220478083ExcavationBird acquisition90 45 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.08198925 220479484ExcavationBird acquisition160 65 45IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.09198927 220479385ExcavationBird acquisition45 25 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.02198928 220479286Excavation Raw material procurement210 70 55IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles240 50 1584.01198931 220479287ExcavationBird acquisition100 40 60IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles120 30 2083.01198937 220479388ExcavationBird acquisition100 40 50IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles75 75 2083.02198941 220479489ExcavationBird acquisition40 30 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.05198922 220479990ExcavationBird acquisition25 10 10IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.03198921 220480091ExcavationBird acquisition25 20 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.06198924 220479992ExcavationBird acquisition40 20 15IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.04198924 220480093ExcavationBird acquisition60 35 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.07198927 220479794Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 25IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles34.05198894 220462095Excavation Raw material procurement200 40 50LinearExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 30 2582.05198932 220479996Excavation Raw material procurement70 15 15LinearExcavated cobbles and pebbles82.03198937 220419897ExcavationBird acquisition65 25 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles85 15 1082.04198935 220480098ExcavationBird acquisition200 50 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 40 3083.03198937 220479899Excavation Raw material procurement200 50 50LinearExcavated cobbles and pebbles200 40 2082.02198938 2204800100Excavation Raw material procurement160 100 40LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles230 170 3082.01198941 2204802101ExcavationBird acquisition130 20 50IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 40 2083.04198945 2204796102ExcavationBird acquisition40 10 20IrregularExcavated slabs and cobbles30 10 2083.05198951 2204796103MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled cobbles25 10 1062.02198944 2204774104Excavation Raw material procurement265 220 57IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles165 120 5062.01198954 2204772105Excavation Raw material procurement150 150 30IrregularOverturned slabs and boulders64.01198965 2204781106MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles130 60 3563.01198968 2204770107Excavation Raw material procurement100 50 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 100 1565.02198985 2204775108Excavation Raw material procurement60 30 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 30 1565.01198986 2204773109Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles110 75 3566.01199003 2204770110MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled slabs130 100 1068.01199024 2204775111MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled slabs and cobbles160 100 1068.02199022 2204778112Excavation Raw material procurement120 30 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles140 65 2068.03199025 2204780FeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS Coordinates W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 135 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing113Excavation Raw material procurement100 80 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles51.02199047 2204783114Excavation Raw material procurement440 80 65LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles380 100 3051.01199047 2204784115Excavation Raw material procurement350 100 80LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles51.03199046 2204782116Excavation Raw material procurement100 50 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 100 1551.05199050 2204781117Excavation Raw material procurement185 100 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 100 1551.06199045 2204779118Excavation Raw material procurement75 30 45IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles51.04199051 2204781119Excavation Raw material procurement200 60 50LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles150 60 2051.07199043 2204779120Excavation Raw material procurement150 100 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles140 80 2051.08199045 2204776121Excavation Raw material procurement80 80 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 60 1551.09199044 2204774122Excavation Raw material procurement180 120 90IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles400 80 2051.10199043 2204769123Excavation Raw material procurement110 755 IrregularFilled boulders and cobbles40.02199073 2204757124Excavation Raw material procurement985 50 70IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles41 199081 2204756125MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles115 60 5040.03199075 2204755126Excavation Raw material procurement180 50 50LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles140 50 1540.01199078 2204755127ExcavationBird acquisition60 25 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles39.02199077 2204752128ExcavationBird acquisition100 50 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles39.03199075 2204751129Excavation Raw material procurement70 50 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 20 1539.01199072 2204750130Excavation Raw material procurement100 65 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles50 50 20 38 199079 2204748131Excavation Raw material procurement70 60 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 50 2042.01199095 2204763132ExcavationBird acquisition70 50 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles42.02199095 2204758133Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement250 1400 IrregularBattered pahoehoe23 199123 2204767134Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement480 2000 IrregularBattered pahoehoe15 199146 2204764135Excavation Raw material procurement810 180 120LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles300 130 4513.01199137 2204747136Excavation Raw material procurement250 150 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles13.04199136 2204751137Excavation Raw material procurement125 250 30LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles13.02199136 2204745138Excavation Raw material procurement85 30 20LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles13.03199137 2204744139Excavation Raw material procurement100 100 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 50 20 14 199151 2204740140Excavation Raw material procurement105 85 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 30 25 16 199168 2204760141Excavation Raw material procurement200 30 20LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles17 199160 2204768142MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles60 30 25120.02198911 2204969143Excavation Raw material procurement110 80 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 60 2019.02199192 2204783144Excavation Raw material procurement100 80 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 2019.01199194 2204785145Excavation Raw material procurement70 70 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 50 2020.02199146 2204787146Excavation Raw material procurement180 85 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles250 60 2020.01199150 2204788147Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement250 2500 IrregularBattered pahoehoe43.03199113 2204777148ExcavationBird acquisition70 70 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles43.01199118 2204780149Excavation Raw material procurement110 50 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 50 2043.02199118 2204784FeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS Coordinates W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 136 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing150Excavation Raw material procurement100 20 40LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles50 40 20 45 199110 2204815151Excavation Raw material procurement80 80 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles50 50 1544.01199158 2204837152Excavation Raw material procurement60 15 20LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles44.02199159 2204839153Excavation Raw material procurement200 150 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles46.01199095 2204824154MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled scoria cobbles70 30 1046.02199089 2204825155MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled scoria slabs, cobbles and pebbles160 200 4048.01199073 2204791156Excavation Raw material procurement100 50 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 75 2048.03199068 2204787157Excavation Raw material procurement90 30 15IrregularExcavated Cobbles160 30 1548.02199067 2204785158Excavation Raw material procurement110 80 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 60 40118.01198914 2204982159Excavation Raw material procurement115 50 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 60 20116.01198927 2204991160MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularScattered scoria cobbles60 60 10114.01198924 2204963161Excavation Raw material procurement100 25 40IrregularExcavated cobbles140 40 2048.04199065 2204791162Excavation Raw material procurement100 100 95IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles300 80 30113.00198990 2204992163Excavation Raw material procurement70 40 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles120.03189913 22047972164ExcavationBird acquisition100 45 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles150 40 30125.01198878 2204953165Excavation Raw material procurement50 40 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles120 120 10120.01198901 2204976166ExcavationBird acquisition150 120 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles140 40 20121.01198907 2204961167Excavation Raw material procurement200 40 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles150 100 20122.01198907 2204988168Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 80 3086.01198913 2204769169Excavation Raw material procurement300 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles75 70 20111.00198952 2204937170Excavation Raw material procurement160 60 10IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles50 50 1053.10198890 2204655171Excavation Raw material procurement200 60 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 120 3094.03198938 2204864172ExcavationBird acquisition40 20 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 70 10107.10198901 2204912173Excavation Raw material procurement120 60 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles140 70 2094.01198941 2204862174Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 50IrregularExcavated boulders130 30 2072.01199059 2204833175MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles60 40 2076.04198995 2204814176Excavation Raw material procurement100 100 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles76.05198991 2204816177ExcavationBird acquisition100 60 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles76.01198982 2204815178Excavation Raw material procurement100 60 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 1076.03198980 2204809179ExcavationBird acquisition60 30 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles76.02198981 2204811180ExcavationBird acquisition30 20 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles30 15 1079.02198961 2204812181ExcavationBird acquisition60 30 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles100 30 1079.03198960 2204812182ExcavationBird acquisition200 30 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 100 1579.01198960 2204816183ExcavationBird acquisition100 25 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles200 40 1580.01198951 2204815184Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement90 450 IrregularBattered pahoehoe77.03198983 2204834185Excavation Raw material procurement85 60 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 30 1577.02198981 2204836186Excavation Raw material procurement110 75 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 50 2077.01198982 2204837ConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS CoordinatesFeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShape W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 137 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing187Excavation Raw material procurement130 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 30 1577.04198985 2204840188Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement100 600 IrregularBattered pahoehoe77.05198981 2204842189Excavation Raw material procurement355 265 65IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles92.02198950 2204836190Excavation Raw material procurement110 70 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles92.01198949 2204836191Excavation Raw material procurement120 90 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles91.02198925 2204822192Excavation Raw material procurement120 80 45IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles91.01198923 2204818193ExcavationBird acquisition30 30 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles90.03198905 2204821194Excavation Raw material procurement150 70 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 80 1590.02198900 2204820195Excavation Raw material procurement170 170 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles170 100 2590.01198897 2204817196Excavation Raw material procurement120 60 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles80 70 2089.03198875 2204798197Excavation Raw material procurement120 110 55IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles350 40 3089.02198877 2204801198Excavation Raw material procurement170 110 70IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles220 70 3589.01198877 2204807199Excavation Raw material procurement400 300 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles104 198905 2204864200MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled slabs, boulders and cobbles140 120 45103.01198921 2204872201Excavation Raw material procurement130 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles130 60 4099.01198948 2204892202ExcavationBird acquisition130 80 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles37.01198978 2204893203Excavation Raw material procurement140 140 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles96.00198993 2204905204MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled slabs, boulders and cobbles120 70 30102.01198921 2204881205ExcavationBird acquisition95 25 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles60 30 15107.11198903 2204910206ExcavationBird acquisition100 70 65IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles107.01198900 2204914207ExcavationBird acquisition60 30 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles140 30 15107.03198897 2204915208ExcavationBird acquisition100 35 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles107.04198793 2204915209ExcavationBird acquisition160 50 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles65 50 20107.02198902 2204919210ExcavationBird acquisition50 20 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles75 30 10107.12198900 2204914211ExcavationBird acquisition85 35 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 90 10107.09198903 2204915212Excavation Raw material procurement100 80 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles170 50 3094.02198942 2204863213ExcavationBird acquisition70 30 35IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles110 100 20107.05198897 2204918214ExcavationBird acquisition70 50 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles107.06198897 2204919215ExcavationBird acquisition50 20 15IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles70 40 15107.07198899 2204920216ExcavationBird acquisition60 60 60IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.10198928 2204799217ExcavationBird acquisition120 75 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 60 10124.03198883 2204934218ExcavationBird acquisition65 30 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles110 40 15124.02198882 2204938219Excavation Raw material procurement200 70 110IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles200 45 35124.01198885 2204939220Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 25IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles30 30 20126.01198839 2204954221Excavation Raw material procurement200 80 60IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles200 60 20127.01198842 2204967222Excavation Raw material procurement150 450 50IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles150 150 30127.02198851 2204971223Excavation Raw material procurement120 100 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles210 90 20127.03198851 2204974FeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS Coordinates W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -0 805 21 Haun & Associates | 138 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing224Excavation Raw material procurement50 40 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles80 50 20127.04198847 2204974225ExcavationBird acquisition25 20 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles117.02198912 2204954226ExcavationBird acquisition40 20 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles117.03198912 2204953227MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled scoria boulders and cobbles70 40 15117.01198915 2204956228Excavation Raw material procurement325 100 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles180 90 40115.01198915 2204973229MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 505 118.02198903 2204982230Excavation Raw material procurement120 40 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles280 160 15122.02198904 2204989231Excavation Raw material procurement95 40 15IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles140 65 15123.01198892 2204963232ExcavationBird acquisition75 35 45IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 60 15125.02198876 2204952233ExcavationBird acquisition60 30 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 30 15125.04198878 2204946234Excavation Raw material procurement120 80 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 60 20116.02198930 2204994235Excavation Raw material procurement200 20 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 50 20115.02198915 2204970236ExcavationBird acquisition100 30 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles60 60 20129.02198782 2204652237ExcavationBird acquisition200 40 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 30 20129.01198784 2204647238ExcavationBird acquisition40 20 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles40 15 10128.01198684 2204652239Excavation Raw material procurement150 120 80IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 50 201611.1199588 2204943240Excavation Raw material procurement210 80 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles180 65 301611.2199259 2205943ConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS CoordinatesFeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShape 1599-100121 DRAFT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 6-9-008:022, 025, 033 AND PORTIONS OF (3) 6-9-008:013, 021, 027-029 AND 031 WAIKOLOA AHUPUA‘A SOUTH KOHALA DISTRICT ISLAND OF HAWAI‘I Haun & Associates Archaeological, Cultural, and Historical Resource Management Services 73-4161 Kaao Road, Kailua-Kona HI 96740 Phone: 808-325-2402 Fax: 808-325-1520 1599-100121 DRAFT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY SURVEY TMK: (3) 6-9-008:022, 025, 033 AND PORTIONS OF (3) 6-9-008:013, 021, 027-029 AND 031 WAIKOLOA AHUPUA‘A SOUTH KOHALA DISTRICT ISLAND OF HAWAI‘I Prepared by: Alan E. Haun, Ph.D. and Dave Henry, B.S. Prepared for: Waikoloa Land Company 150 Waikoloa Beach Drive Waikoloa, HI 96738 October 2021 Haun & Associates Archaeological, Cultural, and Historical Resource Management Services 73-4161 Kaao Road, Kailua-Kona HI 96740 Phone: 808-325-2402 Fax: 808-325-1520 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | ii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY At the request of the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC) Haun & Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of approximately 182.9-acres located in Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. The project examined ten areas within the Waikoloa Beach Resort designated by Haun & Associates as Areas 1 through 10. The WLC manages development and operations at Waikoloa Beach Resort, including ownership and operations of its two golf courses, the King’s Course and the Beach Course. Development in the Waikoloa Beach Resort is proposed for three areas designated as Areas A, B and C by the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC). Area A consists of an approximately 45.9-acre portion of the King’s Course golf course, of which nine of the 18 golf courses holes will be repurposed for timeshare, single-family residential and community use. Area B is an approximately 133.8-acre area containing a portion of the King’s Course golf course seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway and north of Waikoloa Beach Drive that is slated for the construction of 900 additional timeshare units, related support and community facilities, updated golf amenities, and new public parks and trails. Area C is an approximately 3.1-acre area located at the north end of the proposed development area that will be used for a brackish water irrigation system. The objective of the AIS is to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawai‘i Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, Chapters 276 and 284, State Historic Preservation Rules (DLNR 2003). The AIS identified 14 sites with a total of 418 features. The 14 sites include nine sites identified during previous archaeological studies in the area (Sites 26869, 26871-26878) and five sites newly identified during the present project (Sites 31230 through 31234). Of the nine previously identified sites, two were noted by Ching (1971; Sites 26871 and 26876) and three were identified by Rosendahl (1972; Site 26871, 26873 and 26876). All nine previously identified sites were recorded by Donham (1987). The 14 sites in the project area are prefixed by 50- (State of Hawai‘i) and 10- (Island of Hawai‘i). Of these 14 sites, ten sites (26969, 26872-26875, 22678, and 31230-31233) are located in the ‘Anaeho‘omalu (10) quadrangle area and are therefore prefaced by the following: 50-10-10-. Three sites (Sites 26871, 26876 and 26877) are located in the Puu Hinai (11) quadrangle area and are therefore prefixed by 50-10-11-. The remaining site (31234) is present in both of the quadrangle areas. The 14 sites include one single features site and 13 complexes of features with two to 240 component features. The 418 features consist of 310 excavations, 50 abraded surfaces, 20 mounds, 13 trail segments, eight areas of battered pahoehoe, five cairns, four walls, three C-shapes, two lava blisters, two lava tubes, and one alignment. Feature function consists of resource procurement (339), tool manufacture (50), temporary habitation (15), transportation (13) and marker (1). Of the 418 features, the majority (416) are located within the Area 1 portion of the project area. The two remaining features consist of excavations within the Site 31234 complex located in either Area 2 (Feature 239) or Area 3 (Feature 240). The 14 sites documented during the AIS possess integrity of location and materials. The sites are assessed as significant under Criterion “d” and have yielded information important for understanding the pre-contact resource procurement, tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area. At the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Sites 26871, 26873 and 31230 are additionally assessed as significant under Criterion “e” (cultural value). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | iii The mapping, written description and photography of 11 of the 14 sites have adequately document them and no further work or preservation is recommended (Sites 26869, 26872, 26874-26878, and 31231-31234). Based on consultation with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the Site 26871 trail and portions of the Site 31230 trail are recommended for preservation. The preserved portions of Site 31230 will consist of Features A-D and the well-defined portions of Feature E. The remainder of Feature E will be memorialized as a series of dots or markers across the landscaped and paved parking area. The ephemeral Feature F possible trail is not recommended for preservation. In addition, at the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Site 26873 is also recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. An Archaeological Site Preservation Plan (SPP) for Sites 26871, 26873, and 31230 will be prepared for SHPD review and approval. Cover photo: Overview of Area 1 (view to east-northeast) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | iv Table of Contents MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... ii INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 Scope of Work ........................................................................................................................ 1 Project Area Description ......................................................................................................... 4 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 13 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................... 16 Historical Documentary Research ......................................................................................... 16 Previous Archaeological Research ........................................................................................ 21 Previous Archaeological Work in the Project Area ................................................................ 27 Project expectations .............................................................................................................. 31 Consultation .......................................................................................................................... 31 FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................ 38 Site 26869 ............................................................................................................................. 40 Site 26871 ............................................................................................................................. 48 Site 26872 ............................................................................................................................. 54 Site 26873 ............................................................................................................................. 59 Site 26874 ............................................................................................................................. 67 Site 26875 ............................................................................................................................. 75 Site 26876 ............................................................................................................................. 76 Site 26877 ............................................................................................................................. 83 Site 26878 ............................................................................................................................. 90 Site 31230 ............................................................................................................................. 95 Site 31231 ............................................................................................................................. 99 Site 31232 ........................................................................................................................... 101 Site 31233 ........................................................................................................................... 105 Site 31234 ........................................................................................................................... 108 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 117 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 117 Treatment Recommendations ............................................................................................. 119 TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS................................................................................ 123 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 124 APPENDIX A – SUMMARY OF 31234 FEATURES ............................................................... 132 APPENDIX B – SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 NA ALA HELE LETTER ........................................... 139 APPENDIX C – SEPTEMBER 17, 2021 ALA KAHAKAI LETTER ........................................... 142 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | v Figures Figure 1. Portion of 1997 USGS 7.5 ft Anaehoomalu and Puu Hinai quadrangles showing project area parcels (obtained usgs.gov). ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2. Map of Waikoloa Beach Resort (obtained from waikoloabeachresort.com). ............................................... 3 Figure 3. Proposed development areas (obtained from PBR Hawaii). ......................................................................... 4 Figure 4. Tax Map Key 6-9-008 showing project area parcels (obtained from hawaiicounty.gov). ............................. 5 Figure 5. June 16, 2019 aerial view of project area (from Google Earth). .................................................................... 6 Figure 6. Overview of 18th fairway in Area 2 (view to south). ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 7. Existing clubhouse in Area B (view to north). ................................................................................................ 8 Figure 8. Isolated lava pocket in Area 2 (view to north). .............................................................................................. 9 Figure 9. Undisturbed lava in Area 3 (view to north-northeast)................................................................................... 9 Figure 10. Overview of 3rd fairway and cart path in Area 4 (view to east). ................................................................ 10 Figure 11. Undisturbed lava in Area 5 (view to east). ................................................................................................. 10 Figure 12. Undisturbed lava in Area 6 (view to west). ................................................................................................ 11 Figure 13. Undisturbed lava in Area 7 (view to west). ................................................................................................ 11 Figure 14. Overview of 1st fairway in Area 8 (view to east-northeast). ..................................................................... 12 Figure 15. Existing Puakala Road (view to southeast). ............................................................................................... 12 Figure 16. Isolated lava pocket in Area 8 (view to east). ............................................................................................ 13 Figure 17. Overview of 2nd fairway in Area 9 (view to east-northeast). .................................................................... 14 Figure 18. Existing pond within the golf course in Area 10 to be used for water storage (view to southeast). ......... 14 Figure 19. Undisturbed portion of Area 10 to be used for water wells (view to southwest). .................................... 15 Figure 20. Land division boundaries and Land Commission Awards (adapted from USGS 1997 7.5 ft Quadrangles).17 Figure 21. Hitchcock’s 1875 map of Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu (obtained from ags.hawaii.gov). .................. 18 Figure 22. Reinecke’s (1930) map showing sites between Kapalaoa and Kalāhuipua‘a (modified from Maly 1999:138). ................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 23. Previous archaeological work (adapted from USGS 1997 7.5 ft Quadrangles). ......................................... 25 Figure 24. Location of TMU-A through TMU-F and associated parcels (modified from Jensen and Kato 1991:3). .... 28 Figure 25. Aerial view of Areas 7 and 8 showing Kiholo-Puako Trail and Site 26880 trail outside project area (obtained from ESRI.com) ........................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 26. Portion of Wolforth et al. (2016:76) site map showing trails inland of Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway. ..... 30 Figure 27. Segment of Forerunner Trail inspected (obtained from ESRI.com). .......................................................... 34 Figure 28. Potential extension of Site 31230 Segment E trail (dashed orange line) and newly identified Segment F (dotted orange line; obtained from ESRI.com). .......................................................................................................... 35 Figure 29. Southern end of Segment E on scaly pahoehoe (view to northwest)........................................................ 35 Figure 30. North end of Segment E where trail no longer visible (view to northwest). ............................................. 36 Figure 31. Proposed development showing extension of Feature E. ......................................................................... 36 Figure 32. Site location map. ...................................................................................................................................... 39 Figure 33. Site 26869 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 41 Figure 34. Site 26869, Feature A plan map. ................................................................................................................ 42 Figure 35. Entrance to Site 26869 lava tube and Features A2 and A3 (view to west). ............................................... 43 Figure 36. Terrace within Site 26869, Feature A lava tube (view to east). ................................................................. 43 Figure 37. Site 26869, Feature B1 excavation (view to east). ..................................................................................... 44 Figure 38. Site 26869, Feature B2 excavation (view to east-southeast). .................................................................... 44 Figure 39. Site 26869, Feature B3 excavation (view to northeast). ............................................................................ 45 Figure 40. Site 26869, Feature C1 and C2 excavation (view to west). ........................................................................ 46 Figure 41. Site 26869, Feature C3 excavation (view to northeast). ............................................................................ 46 Figure 42. Site 26869, Feature C4 excavation (view to north). ................................................................................... 47 Figure 43. Site 26871, Feature A trail (view to northwest). ........................................................................................ 49 Figure 44. Close up of Feature A trail showing worn stones (view to north). ............................................................ 49 Figure 45. Site 26871, Feature B trail (view to southeast). ......................................................................................... 50 Figure 46. Site 26871, Feature C trail (view to northwest). ........................................................................................ 50 Figure 47. Site 26871, Feature D trail (view to southeast). ........................................................................................ 51 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | vi Figures (cont.) Figure 48. Site 26871, Feature E trail (view to west). ................................................................................................. 51 Figure 49. Site 26871, Feature C trail and Feature F cairn (view to west). ................................................................. 52 Figure 50. Site 26871, Feature F cairn (view to west-southwest). .............................................................................. 52 Figure 51. Site 26872 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 55 Figure 52. Site 26872, Feature B excavation (view to north). ..................................................................................... 56 Figure 53. Site 26872, Feature E, Feature F and Feature G excavations (view to north). .......................................... 56 Figure 54. Site 26872, Feature J, Feature K, Feature M and Feature N excavations (view to north-northeast). ....... 57 Figure 55. Site 26872, Feature O excavation (view to north). .................................................................................... 57 Figure 56. Site 26873 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 60 Figure 57. Entrance to Site 26873, Feature A lava tube (view to northwest). ............................................................ 61 Figure 58. Plan map of Site 26873, Feature A, modified from Rosendahl (1972:71). ................................................ 61 Figure 59. Site 26873, Feature C wall and Feature D C-shape (view to north). .......................................................... 62 Figure 60. Site 26873, Feature E alignment and Feature E1 through E4 abraded surfaces (Feature A in background (view to west). ............................................................................................................................................................ 62 Figure 61. Site 26873, Feature F trail (view to west). ................................................................................................. 64 Figure 62. Site 26873, Feature B excavation (view to northeast). .............................................................................. 64 Figure 63. Site 26873, Feature G excavation (view to northeast). ............................................................................. 65 Figure 64. Site 26873, Feature H1 and H2 excavations (view to north). .................................................................... 65 Figure 65. Site 26873, Feature H3 through H5 excavations view to north). ............................................................... 66 Figure 66. Site 26874 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 68 Figure 67. Site 26874, Feature B wall and Feature E abraded surfaces (view to northeast). ..................................... 69 Figure 68. Site 26874, Feature A excavation (view to southeast). ............................................................................. 69 Figure 69. Site 26874, Feature D1 excavation (view to north). .................................................................................. 70 Figure 70. Site 26874, Feature D3, D4 and D5 (view to northeast). ........................................................................... 70 Figure 71. Site 26874, Feature D8 and D9 excavations (view to north). .................................................................... 71 Figure 72. Site 26874, Feature E10 through E13 (view to east). ................................................................................. 72 Figure 73. Site 26874, Feature E14 through E16 (view to east). ................................................................................. 73 Figure 74. Site 26874, Feature E18, E19 and E22 (view to east). ................................................................................ 73 Figure 75. Site 26875 plan map and photograph. ...................................................................................................... 75 Figure 76. Site 26876 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 77 Figure 77. Site 26876, Feature A wall and Feature A2 cairn (view to west). .............................................................. 78 Figure 78. Site 26876, Feature B excavation (view to west). ...................................................................................... 78 Figure 79. Site 26876, Feature C excavation (view to northwest). ............................................................................. 79 Figure 80. Site 26876, Feature D2 excavation (view to west)..................................................................................... 79 Figure 81. Site 26876, Feature D3 excavation (view to northwest). ........................................................................... 80 Figure 82. Site 26876, Feature D7 and D8 excavations (view to northeast). .............................................................. 80 Figure 83. Site 26876, Feature D11 and Feature E trail (view to northwest). ............................................................ 81 Figure 84. C-shape and cairn configuration noted by Walker and Haun (1987:22) at Kahuku. ................................. 82 Figure 85. Site 26877 plan map. ................................................................................................................................. 84 Figure 86. Site 26877, Feature A C-shape (view to east). ........................................................................................... 85 Figure 87. Site 26877, Feature B cairn (view to north). .............................................................................................. 85 Figure 88. Site 26877, Feature C-3 excavation (view to southwest)........................................................................... 86 Figure 89. Site 26877, Feature C4 excavation (view to west). .................................................................................... 86 Figure 90. Site 26877, Feature C5 (view to northeast). .............................................................................................. 87 Figure 91. Site 26877, Feature C9 (view to southeast). .............................................................................................. 87 Figure 92. Site 26877, Feature D lava blister (view to northeast). ............................................................................. 89 Figure 93. Site 26877, Feature E mound (view to east). ............................................................................................. 89 Figure 94. Site 26878 plan map .................................................................................................................................. 91 Figure 95. Site 26878, Feature A C-shape and Feature D mound (view to north) ...................................................... 92 Figure 96. Site 26878, Feature B1 excavation (view to east) ...................................................................................... 92 Figure 97. Site 26878, Features C3 through C-5 excavations 9view to northeast) ..................................................... 93 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | vii Figure 98. Site 26878, Feature B3 mound (view to north) ......................................................................................... 93 Figure 99. Site 31230, Feature A trail (view to east-southeast). ................................................................................ 96 Figure 100. Site 31230, Feature C trail (view to east). ................................................................................................ 96 Figure 101. Site 31230, Feature D trail (view to southeast). ...................................................................................... 97 Figure 102. Site 31230, Feature E trail (view to south). .............................................................................................. 97 Figure 103. Site 31230, Feature E and Feature F trail (view to west). ........................................................................ 98 Figure 104. Site 31231 site map................................................................................................................................ 100 Figure 105. Overview of Site 31231 (view to north). ................................................................................................ 100 Figure 106. Site 31232 plan map. ............................................................................................................................. 102 Figure 107. Site 31232, Feature A3 through A5 abraded surfaces (view to southwest). ......................................... 103 Figure 108. Site 31232, Feature B1 through B3 abraded surfaces (view to south-southeast). ................................ 103 Figure 109. Site 31233 plan map. ............................................................................................................................. 105 Figure 110. Site 31233, Feature A wall (view to east). ............................................................................................. 106 Figure 111. Site 31233, Feature B cairn (view to north). .......................................................................................... 106 Figure 112. Hole in center of Feature B (view to north). .......................................................................................... 107 Figure 113. Site 31233, Feature C collapsed cairn (view to east). ............................................................................ 107 Figure 114. Site 31234 features. ............................................................................................................................... 109 Figure 115. Site 31234, Feature 21 excavation (view to northwest). ....................................................................... 110 Figure 116. Site 31234, Feature 26 excavation (view to northeast). ........................................................................ 110 Figure 117. Site 31234, Feature 27 excavation (view to southeast). ........................................................................ 111 Figure 118. Site 31234, Feature 62 excavation (view to south-southeast). ............................................................. 111 Figure 119. Site 31234, Feature 19 bird excavation (view to northwest). ................................................................ 112 Figure 120. Site 31234, Feature 36 bird excavation (view to south). ....................................................................... 112 Figure 121. Site 31234, Feature 166 bird excavation (view to west). ....................................................................... 113 Figure 122. Site 31234, Feature 202 bird excavation (view to west). ....................................................................... 113 Figure 123. Site 31234, Feature 175 material stockpile (view to north). ................................................................. 114 Figure 124. Site 31234, Feature 227 material stockpile (view to north). ................................................................. 114 Figure 125. Site 31234, Feature 29 area of battered pahoehoe (view to southeast). .............................................. 115 Figure 126. Site 31234, Feature 133 area of battered pahoehoe (view to north). ................................................... 115 Figure 127. Site 31234 waterworn basalt basher (view to east). ............................................................................. 116 Figure 128. Goats in project area (view to southeast).Significance Assessments .................................................... 118 Figure 129. Location of archaeological preserves in vicinity of project area. ........................................................... 122 Tables Table 1. Summary of areas examined during the project. ............................................................................................ 7 Table 2. Summary of Previous archaeological work. .................................................................................................. 24 Table 3. Summary of identified sites. ......................................................................................................................... 38 Table 4. Summary of Site 26872 excavations. ............................................................................................................ 54 Table 5. Summary of Site 26873 excavations. ............................................................................................................ 63 Table 6. Summary of Site 26874 excavations. ............................................................................................................ 67 Table 7. Summary of Site 26874, Feature E abraded surfaces. .................................................................................. 72 Table 8. Summary of Site 26874 abraders. ................................................................................................................. 74 Table 9. Summary of Site 26876 excavations. ............................................................................................................ 76 Table 10. Summary of Site 26877, Feature C excavations. ......................................................................................... 83 Table 11. Summary of Site 26878 excavations and mound ........................................................................................ 90 Table 12. Summary of Site 31231 abraders. ............................................................................................................... 99 Table 13. Summary of Site 31232 abraded surfaces. ................................................................................................ 101 Table 14. Summary of Site 31232 abraders. ............................................................................................................. 104 Table 15. Site significance and treatment recommendations. ................................................................................. 120 Table 16. Archaeological Preserves .......................................................................................................................... 121 T M K : ( 3 )8 -7 -0 1 1 : 0 1 5 R e p o r t N o . 1 5 86-110619 Haun & Associates | 1 INTRODUCTION At the request of the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC), Haun & Associates conducted an archaeological inventory survey (AIS) of approximately 182.9-acres within Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i (Figure 1). The WLC manages development and operations at Waikoloa Beach Resort, including ownership and operations of its two golf courses, the King’s Course and the Beach Course. The objective of the AIS is to satisfy current historic preservation regulatory review inventory requirements of the Department of Land and Natural Resources-State Historic Preservation Division (DLNR-SHPD), as contained within Hawai‘i Administrative Rules, Title 13, DLNR, Subtitle 13, Chapters 276 and 284, State Historic Preservation Rules (DLNR 2003). The Waikoloa Beach Resort is an approximately 1,350-acre resort facility located on the northwestern coast of Hawai‘i Island. The resort is located seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway, extending between ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay in the south and Makaiwa Bay in the north. Figure 2 is a map of the resort obtained from www.waikoloabeachresort.com. The resort is comprised of golf courses, condominiums, villas, and hotels and is bisected by the King’s Trail or the Kiholo-Puako Trail; an ancient Hawaiian transportation route that parallels the coastline. Development in the Waikoloa Beach Resort is proposed for three areas designated as Areas A, B and C by the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC; Figure 3). Area A consists of an approximately 45.9-acre portion of King’s Course golf course, of which nine of the 18 golf courses holes will be repurposed for timeshare, single-family residential and community use. Area B is an approximately 133.8-acre area containing a portion of the King’s Course golf course seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway and north of Waikoloa Beach Drive that is slated for the construction of 900 additional timeshare units, related support and community facilities, updated golf amenities, and new public parks and trails. Area C is an approximately 3.1-acre area located at the north end of the proposed development area that will be used for a brackish water irrigation system. The survey fieldwork was conducted between December 2019 and November 20, 2020 by Haun & Associates Project Supervisors Solomon Kailihiwa, M.S and Juliana Kailihiwa, B.A, and a crew of three field archaeologist (Dan Trout, B.S., Ben Seay, B.A., Katelyn Ingersol, B.A., and Jonah Kapu, B.A.), under the direction of Dr. Alan Haun. Approximately 350 person hours of labor were required to complete the fieldwork portion of the project. Described in this final report are the project scope of work, field methods, background information, survey findings, and significance assessments of the sites with recommended treatments. Scope of Work Based on DLNR-SHPD rules for inventory surveys the following specific tasks were determined to constitute an appropriate scope of work for the project: 1. Conduct background review and research of existing archaeological and historical documentary literature relating to the project area and its immediate vicinity--including examination of Land Commission Awards, ahupua‘a records, historic maps, archival materials, archaeological reports, and other historical sources; 2. Conduct a high intensity, 100% pedestrian survey coverage of the project area; 3. Conduct detailed recording of all potentially significant sites including scale plan drawings, written descriptions, and photographs, as appropriate; 4. Conduct limited subsurface testing (manual excavation) at selected sites to determine feature function; 5. Analyze background research and field data; and 6. Prepare and submit Final Report. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 2 Figure 1. Portion of 1997 USGS 7.5 ft Anaehoomalu and Puu Hinai quadrangles showing project area parcels (obtained usgs.gov). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 3 Figure 2. Map of Waikoloa Beach Resort (obtained from waikoloabeachresort.com). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 4 Project Area Description The project is comprised of ten survey areas (Areas 1 through Area 10) located within the Waikoloa Beach Resort, situated from approximately 850 to 2,050 meters inland of the shoreline between ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Honoka‘ope Bays, at elevations ranging from approximately 30 to 100 feet elevation. The elevations presented in this report are in feet above mean sea level. The ten survey areas are all situated within Tax Map Key (3)-6-9-008 (Figure 4) and are summarized in Table 1. These areas are depicted on a June 16, 2019 aerial photograph of the area, obtained from Google Earth (Figure 5). The areas range from approximately 2.9-acres (Area 4) to 64.7-acres (Area 2) and comprise a total area of approximately 182.9-acres. The ten areas are described below. The ten survey areas examined are located within either Development Area A (Areas 4-9), Area B (Areas 1-3), or Area C (Area 10; see Table 1). Area 1 is an approximately 47.3-acre undeveloped parcel comprising TMK: (3) 6-9-008:033 and portions of Parcel 13. It is bordered on the south by Waikoloa Beach Drive and by condominiums, golf course (King’s Course, 18th fairway, and Beach Course, 3rd fairway) and infrastructure facilities to the north and west (see Figure 5). The area to the southeast is undeveloped. A maintenance road extends through the western portion of Area 1. According to Sato et al. (1973: Sheet 35), the majority of Area 1 (96.5% or 45.7-acres) is comprised of pahoehoe lava with the remaining 1.6-acres (3.5%) consisting of a‘ā lava. However, examination of the area indicates that there is considerably more a‘ā lava present, particularly in the northeastern portion. Pahoehoe lava is described by Sato et al. (1973:34) as a miscellaneous land type with little or no soil or vegetation with the exception of mosses and lichens. “This lava has a billowy, glassy surface that is relatively smooth. In some areas however, the surface is rough and broken, and there are hummocks and pressure domes” (ibid.). It is classified as suitable for watershed. Figure 3. Proposed development areas (obtained from PBR Hawaii). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 5 Figure 4. Tax Map Key 6-9-008 showing project area parcels (obtained from hawaiicounty.gov). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 6 Figure 5. June 16, 2019 aerial view of project area (from Google Earth). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 7 Table 1. Summary of areas examined during the project. According to Sato et al. (ibid.) a‘ā lava consists of a “clinkery, hard, glassy, sharp pieces piled in tumbled heaps” that has “practically no soil covering and is bare of vegetation, except for lichens, ferns and a few small ohia trees”. Both lava types are classified as suitable for watershed. An overview of Area 1 is presented on the cover of this report. Approximately 9.8-acres within Area 1 was mechanically disturbed prior to the current project. A bulldozed road cut enters the southeast side of the parcel and extends to the northwest where a large graded area is located (4.5-acres). The area to the west of the maintenance road has also been impacted; however, isolated pockets of undisturbed lava flow are present (4.0-acres). The area to the east of the maintenance road, in the southeastern portion of Area 1 has similarly been disturbed (1.3-acres). The extent of this disturbance is depicted in Figure 32 in the Findings section of this report. Area 2 is an approximately 64.8-acre area that consists of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:025 and portions TMK: (3) 6-9-008:029 located adjacent to Area 1 to the northeast. The majority of this area is currently in use as the 13th through 18th golf course fairways and holes of the King’s Course (Figure 6), with portions containing the existing golf course clubhouse and parking area (Figure 7). The clubhouse portion of the area has been completely developed and landscaped. The remainder consists of small areas of exposed lava (Figure 8). The majority of Area 2 (97.6% or 63.2-acres) is comprised of a‘ā lava, with the remainder (2.4% or 1.6-acres) consisting of pahoehoe lava. Area 3 is an approximately 21.7-acre undeveloped area (TMK: (3) 6-9-008:022) located adjacent to Area 2 and the 12th hole of the King’s Course to the southeast. This area is comprised completed of a‘ā lava. Figure 9 depicts an overview photograph of Area 3. Area 4 is an approximately 2.9-acre area comprising portions of TMK: (3) 6-9- 008:028 located along the north side of the King’s Course. This is currently in use as the 3rd golf course fairway and is underlain by a‘ā lava. Small pockets of undisturbed lava are present. Figure 10 an overview photograph of Area 4. Area 5 (approximately 4.3-acres), and Area 6 (approximately 12.3-acres) are undeveloped areas comprising portions of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:021 located along the north sides of the King’s Course. Area 7 (approximately 8.2-acres) is also undeveloped with a small disturbed area north of Puakala Road. These areas consist completed of a‘ā lava and are situated approximately 10 meters east of the King’s Trail or the Kiholo-Puako Trail. Overview photographs of Areas 5, 6 and 7 are presented in Figure 11 through Figure 13. Area 8 is an approximately 8.0-acre portion of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:027 currently in use as the 1st golf course fairway (Figure 14) and a portion of the paved Puakala Road that comprises TMK: (3) 6-9-008:031 (Figure 15). Isolated pockets of undisturbed lava are present in the golf course (Figure 16). Area 8 is comprised completely of ‘ā lava. Area Acreage Resort development area TMK: (3) 6-9-008:Current condition Soil (Sato et al, 1973) 1 47.3 B Parcel 033 and Portion of Parcel 013 Undeveloped Pahoehoe lava (96.5%; 41.948-acres) and A‘ā lava (3.5%; 1.52-acres) 2 64.8 B Parcel 025 and Portion of Parcel 029 Existing golf course, clubhouse and practice area with small undisturbed areas (Holes 13th-18th) A‘ā lava (97.6%; 59.4-acres) and Pahoehoe lava (2.4%; 1.4-acres) 3 21.7 B Parcel 022 Undeveloped A‘ā lava (100%) 4 2.9 A Portion of Parcel 028 Existing golf course (3rd fairway)A‘ā lava (100%) 5 4.3 A Portion of Parcel 021 Undeveloped A‘ā lava (100%) 6 12.3 A Portion of Parcel 021 Undeveloped A‘ā lava (100%) 7 8.2 A Portion of Parcel 021 Mostly undeveloped with small disturbed area A‘ā lava (100%) 8 8.0 A Portion of Parcel 027 and 031 Existing golf course (1st fairway) with portion of Puakala Road A‘ā lava (100%) 9 10.2 A Portion of Parcel 021 and Parcel 28 Existing golf course (2nd fairway)A‘ā lava (100%) 10 3.1 C Portion of Parcel 013 and Parcel 28 Existing golf course pond, shoulder of road, and undeveloped A‘ā lava (100%) Total 182.9 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 8 Figure 6. Overview of 18th fairway in Area 2 (view to south). Figure 7. Existing clubhouse in Area B (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 9 Figure 8. Isolated lava pocket in Area 2 (view to north). Figure 9. Undisturbed lava in Area 3 (view to north-northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 10 Figure 10. Overview of 3rd fairway and cart path in Area 4 (view to east). Figure 11. Undisturbed lava in Area 5 (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 11 Figure 12. Undisturbed lava in Area 6 (view to west). Figure 13. Undisturbed lava in Area 7 (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 12 Figure 14. Overview of 1st fairway in Area 8 (view to east-northeast). Figure 15. Existing Puakala Road (view to southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 13 Figure 16. Isolated lava pocket in Area 8 (view to east). Area 9 is an approximately 10.2-acre portion of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:021 and 028 located along the north side of the King’s Course south of Area 6. This is currently in use as the 2nd golf course fairway with isolated pockets of undisturbed lava and is underlain by ‘ā lava. Figure 17 depicts an overview photograph of Area 9. Area 10 is an approximately 3.1-acre portion of TMK: (3) 6-9-008:013 and 028 located along the north and south sides of Waikoloa Beach Drive in the northern portion of the project area. This area comprises Development Area C and consists of an area seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway, and south of Waikoloa Beach Drive to be used for irrigation wells, a pipeline transmission corridor along the road shoulder along the south side of Waikoloa Beach Drive, and a storage reservoir comprising an existing pond within the golf course (Figure 18). The northeastern end of the irrigation well area has been bulldozed, although the remainder is undisturbed (Figure 19). This area is comprised of ‘ā lava. The pahoehoe and a‘ā lava in the area originated from Mauna Loa Volcano, deposited 3,000 to 5,000 years ago (Wolfe and Morris 2001:11 and Sheet 1). Vegetation in the project area was limited to manicured golf course and landscapes and widely scattered pockets of fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum). Annual rainfall ranges from 204 to 750 mm (8.0 to 29.5 inches; Giambelluca et al. 2013). The mean average temperature in this general area is approximately 75 degrees F (usclimatedata.com). There are no surface water sources present in the project area. Methods Archival research was conducted at the Hamilton Library Hawai‘i and Pacific Collection at the University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, the University of Hawai‘i at Hilo Hawaiian Collection, the Land Survey Office and the Archives Division of the Hawai‘i Department of Accounting and General Services, the Bishop Museum Archives, the SHPD library in Hilo, the State Survey Division, and the Hawai‘i State Public Libraries in Honolulu and Hilo. The portions of the project area occupied by existing golf course fairways were examined by the careful inspection of all isolated pockets of lava. The remaining portions of the project area were examined with crew members spaced at ten meters intervals. The ground surface visibility was excellent due to the absence of vegetation. The identified features were flagged with pink and blue flagging tape and were located with the aid of a Garmin Global W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 14 Figure 17. Overview of 2nd fairway in Area 9 (view to east-northeast). Figure 18. Existing pond within the golf course in Area 10 to be used for water storage (view to southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 15 Figure 19. Undisturbed portion of Area 10 to be used for water wells (view to southwest). Positioning System (GPS) Model 60-series device using the North American Datum (NAD) 1983 datum. The accuracy of the GPS device for a single point is +/- 3-5 m. This accuracy was increased to approximately 2-3 meters during the project by taking multiple points including property corners and overlying the plotted points on a scaled map using AutoCAD software. The boundary for most of the sites in the project area was determined during previous archaeological work in the parcel (Sites 26869 and 26871-26878). Several newly identified sites and features were also documented (Sites 31230 through 31234). The features at the majority of these sites are of similar age and are less than 15 meters apart. The exception to this is a complex of excavations, stockpile mounds and areas of battered pahoehoe scattered through Areas 1, 2 and 3 (Site 31234). These features were designated as components of a single resource procurement complex due to the absence of other associated function feature types. Most of the sites identified during the AIS were subjected to detailed recording. This documentation consisted of the preparation of a detailed plan map created by establishing a baseline with a 50 meter tape, then obtaining perpendicular measurements with a hand tape. The exception to this are two trail complexes (Site 26871 and 31230) and the aforementioned Site 31234 resource procurement complex. The trails were documented by obtaining GPS points along their lengths, and documenting widths and construction details at various locations with a hand tape. The features of Site 31234 were documented by recording length, width, height, shape and GPS coordinates. Photographs were taken of all sites and representative feature types at Site 31234. A metal site tag was placed at each site and the tag’s location was plotted on the site plan map. No subsurface testing was undertaken due to the absence of soil in the project area. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 16 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Historical Documentary Research The project area is situated inland of the shoreline between ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Honoka‘ope Bays (see Figure 1). Haun et al. (2003), Welch (1989) and Barrera (1971), Barrere (1971, 1983) discuss the traditional land divisions of Waikoloa, and the adjacent lands of Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu (Figure 20). Their research focused on Land Commission Award (LCA) testimony, Boundary Commission testimony, and other historic documents. In earlier times, Waimea was a sub-district or kalana of Kohala that included all of the land in the district south of Waikoloa Stream. Waimea was composed of eight subdivisions with the majority of the subdistrict being composed of the ‘ili of Waikoloa and Pu‘ukapu. The remainder consisted of the ‘ili of Wai‘aka, Lālāmilo, ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalāhuipua‘a, Puakō, and ‘Ōuli. According to Alexander (1882), there are two classifications of ‘ili. Ahupua‘a were typically sub-divided into ‘ili with their own name and specific boundaries. The first type of ‘ili was a “subdivision of the Ahupuaa for the convenience of the chief holding the same, who received its revenues from his konohiki or agent” (Alexander 1882: 5). The second type is the "‘ili Kupono‘ or ‘Ku, which were independent of the ahupua‘a and generally did not pay tribute to its chief. Thus the transfer of the ahupua‘a to a new chief did not affect the ownership of the ‘Ili Kūpono located within its boundaries” (Alexander 1882: 5). Figure 21 is an 1875 map by Hitchcock obtained from the Archives Division of the Hawai‘i Department of Accounting and General Services (DAGS; http://ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search). This map depicts Kalāhuipua‘a (Lahuipua‘a), ‘Anaeho‘omalu and the adjacent land of Waikoloa. This map shows the inland boundary of Kalāhuipua‘a (Lahuipua‘a) and ‘Anaeho‘omalu was the government road and Waikoloa Ahupua‘a. The seaward ends of these ahupua‘a were marked with ahu (cairn) and the boundary between Kalāhuipua‘a and Waimea was delineated by an ahu at a place called “Kahopea”. The inland boundary between Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu is marked by an ahu at “Pohakuloa”, and the boundary between ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Pu‘u-anahulu is marked by an ahu at “Ahualono”. Traditional and legendary references to the general project area vicinity are presented in detail in Maly (1999) and Barrera (1971) and are summarized here. According to legendary accounts in about the thirteenth century, Kama‘iole, a cruel chief, was killed in a battle at ‘Anaeho‘omalu. During the same period, fishing and salt making are described. In the sixteenth century, the Hawai‘i Island ruler Lono-i-ka-makahiki, the grandson of ‘Umi-a-Liloa, put down a revolt by a group of rebel chiefs who were encamped at ‘Anaeho‘omalu. Lono-i-ka-makahiki erected an altar, Ke-Ahu-a Lono (The-Altar-made-by-Lono), on the boundary between Kona and Kohala at ‘Anaeho‘omalu to consecrate a cooperative covenant between the chief and his trusted advisor, Kapaihiahilina, who had been slandered. The altar was built at the time Lono-i-ka-makahiki was preparing to battle the invading forces of the Maui King Kama-Kama- lala-walu. Fornander (1917) describes the meeting on how the shrine came to be on the boundary between Kona and Kohala: When Lonoikamakahiki set sail on his search for his friend, Kapaihiahilina had already arrived at Anaehoomalu and soon afterwards was followed by Lonoikamakahiki and others. Lonoikamakahiki saw Kapaihiahilina sitting on the sand beach when the canoes were being hauled ashore. Lonoikamakahiki immediately began to wail and also described their previous wanderings together. Kapaihiahilina recognizing the king also commenced wailing. When they came together and had ceased weeping and conversing, then Lonoikamakahiki made a covenant W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 17 Figure 20. Land division boundaries and Land Commission Awards (adapted from USGS 1997 7.5 ft Quadrangles). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 18 Figure 21. Hitchcock’s 1875 map of Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu (obtained from ags.hawaii.gov). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 19 between them, that there would be no more strife, nor would he hearken to the voice of slander which surrounds him, and in order that the understanding between them should be made binding, Lonoikamakahiki built a temple of rocks as a place for the offering of their prayers and the making of oaths to Lonoikamakahiki’s god to fully seal the covenant. Kapaihiahilina observed that Lonoikamakahiki was sincere in his desires and at that moment gave his consent to return with Lonoikamakahiki. After their religious observance at this place they returned to Kona and resided at Kaawaloa, in South Kona. (Tradition says because of the covenant entered into for the erection of the mound of rocks at Anaehoomalu, the boundary between Kohala and Kona was named Keahualono, and that place has been known ever since by that name signifying the erection of a mound of rocks by Lonoikamakahiki). (Fornander 1917 Volume 4-3:360,362) Early historic accounts from Cook’s voyage in 1779 and Arago in 1819 describe the general vicinity as desolate and sparsely inhabited based on observations made from the ships (Maly 1999). Ellis traveled from Kawaihae to Kailua by canoe in 1823 stopping at Puakō situated to the north and Kapalaoa, a small settlement a short distance south of ‘Anaeho‘omalu. Aquaculture played an important role in the lives of ancient Hawaiians. According to Apple and Kikuchi: Hawai‘i had intense true aquaculture. As far as is known, fishponds existed nowhere else in the Pacific in types and numbers as in prehistoric Hawai‘i. Only in the Hawaiian Islands was there an intensive effort to utilize practically every body of water, from the seashore to the upland forests, as a source of food, either agriculturally or aquaculturally. Fish, crustaceans, shellfish, and seaweed were some of the products of the totally indigenous aquacultural system. …By the end of the 18th century, more than 300 fishponds were conspicuously owned by the high Chiefs. Accessibility to these ponds and their products was limited to the elite minority of the native population -- the chiefs and priests. Prehistoric ponds and pond products appear to have been taboo to the vast majority of Hawaiians and to have yielded them no direct benefit. However, indirect public benefit came from ownership by the chiefs of exclusive food sources. Royal fishponds and their terrestrial equivalents, the royal gardens (Ko‘ele), insured less demand on the commoners' food production resources. Every fish taken from a royal fishpond left its counterpart in natural habitat available to lesser Chiefs and commoners. Ownership of one or more fishponds was one of the ultimate, high-status symbols in the status-conscious Hawaiian culture. (Apple and Kikuchi 1975:1-2) John Palmer Parker settled in Hawai‘i in 1815 and became a renowned bullock hunter (Haun et al. 2003). He became friends with John Young and spent much of his early years at Kealakekua, where Kamehameha held court. After the death of Kamehameha in 1819, Parker moved to Waiapuka in Kohala with his ali‘i wife, Kipikane and their new-born daughter (Wellmon 1970: 20-26). In the 1840s, political acts of the Hawaiian Kingdom government would change the land tenure system in Hawai‘i. All lands were segregated into one of three categories: Crown Lands owned by the occupant of the throne, Government Lands controlled by the state, and Konohiki Lands controlled by the chiefs; and were subject to native tenant rights (Chinen 1958, Beamer 2014). In 1846, King Kamehameha III appointed a Board of commissioners commonly known as the Land Commissioners, to “confirm or reject all claims to land arising previously to the 10th day of December, AD 1845.” Notices were frequently posted in The Polynesian (Moffat and Kirkpatrick, 1995); however, the legislature did not acknowledge this act until June 7, 1848 (Chinen 1958:16; Moffat and Kirkpatrick 1995:48-49) and the act is known today as The Great Māhele. In 1850, the Kingdom government passed laws allowing foreigners to purchase fee simple lands (Speakman 2001:91). The Kuleana Act of 1850 allowed for fee simple land W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 20 ownership by commoners. The Waihona ‘Aina (2000) Māhele Database; which is a compilation of data from the Indices of Awards (Indices 1929), Native Register (NR n.d.), Native Testimony (NT n.d.), Foreign Register (FR n.d.) and Foreign Testimony (FT n.d.) provides information on the Land Commission Awards (LCA) during the Māhele. This database indicates that Waikoloa was deemed Crown Land, of which Isaac Davis received a large portion. Waikoloa (LCA 8521-B) was sometimes referred to as “Waikoloa Nui” and “Waikoloa Iki”, differentiating between the Crown Land and Davis’ land respectively. The Crown Land portion later became known as Lālāmilo and Davis’ portion as simply Waikoloa. The adjacent coastal lands of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalāhuipua‘a were retained by the Crown as ‘ili kūpono. Kamehameha III gave these lands to his wife Kalama (LCA 4452; see Figure 20). ‘Anaeho‘omalu was claimed by Kahenehene (LCA 4100), but she relinquished it (Maly 1999:19). In 1850, John Parker purchased 640 acres of land at Mana from the Hawaiian Government. The following year, Parker purchased an additional 1,000 acres. In 1852, Kamehameha III granted a lease to Parker for the lands of Waikoloa, giving Parker the competitive edge to control the developing ranching industry (Wellmon 1970:75). Parker’s grandson, Samuel Parker, purchased ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalāhuipua‘a from the estate of Charles Kana‘ina, Queen Kalama’s uncle, in 1878 (Barrera 1971). These lands were used by the ranch for recreation, fishing, and aquaculture. In the early 1900s, the Parker family acquired Waikoloa and ‘Ōuli in fee-simple, giving them 100,000 acres of grazing land (Wellmon 1970: 75). Alfred W. Carter, guardian of Thelma Parker and manager of Parker Ranch, did much to aid ranching by improving cattle stock, conserve tree-less ranch lands by planting new and better grasses, and organizing the Hawai‘i Meat Company to provide ranchers an outlet to market their beef and beef products (Brundage 1971:59,28). The ranch sold Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu to Francis Ī‘ī Brown in 1936 (Maly 1999:126). Mr. Carter managed Parker Ranch until 1937 when his son, Hartwell Carter took over the position of ranch manager and remained in that capacity for the next twenty-five years. As a major supplier of beef, Parker Ranch played a pivotal role in providing beef to the Armed Forces in Hawai‘i during both WWI and WWII. The Waikoloa Maneuver Area, an area of 91,000 acres acquired by the U.S. Navy in December 1943 through a license agreement with Richard Smart of Parker Ranch for the sum of $1.00 (Brundage 1971: 109). The training area extended from the ocean to the Pohakuloa Training Area, and from the Waimea- Kawaihae Road to south of the Waikoloa Road. The area was used for military exercises including the use of live ammunition and other explosives. The land was returned to Parker Ranch in September 1946. The project area is located in the Waikoloa Beach Resort area (see Figure 2). According to Sea Engineering, Inc., citing long time resident of the area, Mr. Chuck Dewitt, 31,000 acres of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and coastal Waikoloa were purchased by Boise-Cascade Properties, Inc. from the Parker Ranch in 1968: Shortly thereafter development of a destination resort was initiated, and Queen Kaahumanu Highway from Kailua-Kona to Kawaihae was completed by the state in 1974. The Marriott, located directly behind Kuualii fishpond, opened in 1981, though it was the Sheraton at that time. In 1988 the Hyatt (now Hilton) hotel opened at the north end of the property… It is leased to the Waikoloa Beach Association (WBA), an organization comprised of the hotel owners and other resort elements, which are responsible for maintaining the pond and beach in a neat and attractive condition, and for maintaining/replacing common infrastructure on the property. (Sea Engineering, Inc. 2012:1) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 21 Previous Archaeological Research Waikoloa Ahupua‘a and the adjacent lands of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a have been subjected to extensive previous archaeological investigations. The earliest study in the region was conducted between 1929 and 1930 by John Reinecke. Reinecke (1930) was contracted by the Bishop Museum to survey and document archaeological sites in West Hawai‘i. His survey identified ten sites (Sites 138-146) in the general vicinity of the project area, between Pu‘u-anahulu and Kalāhuipua‘a (Figure 22). These sites consist of shelters and houses, ponds and burials. Reinecke’s descriptions of these sites, taken from Maly (1999) are presented below. Site 138. Kapalaoa. On the a-a where it gives place to the pahoehoe are five or more rude shelters. The oasis is bounded at the south with a wall. By the gate is a small pen. On the beach just makai is some sort of site. The little headland within the line of the wall is a complex of small enclosures for salt-making. There are two small platforms, one or both being the kuula named PUAKO. The oasis as far as Desha’s house is cut up by stone walls, within them palms, a few wells now dry, platforms—at least five modern house platforms—and a shelter. On the brittle, easily chipped pahoehoe by the southern gate are many petroglyphs. From the names found in connection with them and the carvings of sailing ships, one can see that they belong to a period after 1830, but old Alapai, who has lived at Kapalaoa since about 1860, says that they were there when he came… [Reinecke was told the story of Kuaiwa—which he was informed was a chief of the area—and how he lost his life to Pele]. Kapalaoa is inhabited only by the family of Alapai, the stories bout [sic] whom and his family have been secured from Mrs. Yanagi Site 139. The first stone wall, at the north of Kapalaoa land, has a house platform just south of it. North is a large papamu…15 x 15, two others worn smooth, and unfinished papamu, and three petroglyphs. A few pools and marshes, one partially surrounded by a wall. A clump of lauhala in the a-a 100 yards mauka shows a spring there. Site 140. Anaehoomalu. There are graves on the a-a back of the line of kiawe. Several yard walls in more or less ruin; two house platforms and one walled house site, perhaps two. Most of Anaehoomalu is comprised in the beach and the two-story house among the cocopalms, with its yard. Back of the pond are three walled house sites, one partly on the location of an older site. [Reinecke Ms. 1930:26-27] Site 141. At the north end of the small pond I observed three house sites, but there undoubtedly have been many more. This strip of coast is low and stormswept, which accounts for the absence of ruins. A line of pools, some with good water, runs northward half a mile along the coast. At one by Kaauau Point are two small shelters. The approximate location of the heiau KAEO was indicated to me, but I did not see it. Site 142. At Waialua [Waiulua] no ruins are apparent except for one shelter and a few rude hut sites at the Kohala side of the entrance to the shallows. Site 143. A slightly brackish spring and several shelters, half a dozen of the respectable hut sites, all walled. Site 144. Along this high coast of rough a-a; ten shelters at various intervals. Site 145. At Honokaope Bay, white sand drifted among the a-a; a few kiawe; no pool as on the map. There is, however, the pool in the a-a a little north, with potable brackish water. One shelter between it and the sea. A third of the distance towards Kalahuipuaa is a shelter on the path. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 22 Figure 22. Reinecke’s (1930) map showing sites between Kapalaoa and Kalāhuipua‘a (modified from Maly 1999:138). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 23 Site 146. A few shelters where the path descends from the a-a to the masonry breakwater of the chief pond at Kalahuipuaa. From here the growth of kiawe along the shore is so dense that it was useless to attempt any survey of sites unless one had a base. (Maly 1999:137-140) The closest Reinecke (1930) site to the present project area is Site 147 which consists of the expansive petroglyph fields that extends through ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa. This site is situated seaward of Area 2. According to Reinecke: Site 147. The area of petroglyphs on the pahoehoe about three-quarters of a mile N.E. of Anaehoomalu, S. Kohala, by the trail and mostly on Anaehoomalu land. This area is well described by Stokes in the Bishop Museum Occasional Papers for 1909, and is mentioned by Dr. Albert S. Baker in Thrum’s Annual for 1919, pp. 131. Both men, not having exact maps mislocated the area, the former putting it between the branches of the 1856 [i.e. 1859] flow, the latter in Puu Anahulu land. Mr. Stokes has given the area the only study worthy of the name, and because of a lack of time he did little. When I had exhausted my films I felt that there was no point in my examining the area very thoroughly, as I had not then seen the above mentioned studies, and the number and variety of the petroglyphs really requires a skilled photographer who should carefully photograph the area enclosed within rings, and all other distinct forms in the neighborhood. …There must be thousands of individual petroglyphs. The predominant feature is the rings, single or several concentric together, with or without a small hole in the center…There were several names, initial, and dates in the locality, but I saw no ships or other modern-appearing figures, such as the “horse” at Lae Mano. In several places the pahoehoe had been worn to a depth of several inches, say two to five, by the carving of petroglyph on petroglyph, so that the surface presented the appearance of a shallow bowl… (Reinecke 1930:29) The next study conducted in the general project area vicinity was undertaken in 1970 by Barrera (1971) for the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. This project consisted of a phased systematic survey of 503 acres of Anaeho‘omalu, extending between the shoreline and the Kiholo-Puako Trail. This survey documented 301 sites including ponds, both natural and modified, enclosures, burial caves, platforms, terraces, walls, trails cairns, hearths, utilized lava tubes and blisters. Barrera (1971) also documented the Ku‘uali‘i and Kahapapa Fishponds, several modifications to the Ku‘uali‘i Fishpond, platforms, walls and C-shapes, a lava bubble and a weir. The Ku‘uali‘i Fishpond was assigned Bishop Museum Site number 50-HA-E1-139 by Barrera (1971:39). The Kahapapa Fishpond was also noted and briefly described but was not assigned a site number. Based on his findings, Barrera (1971:105) concludes that by the late 800s to early 900s, the first settlers arrived in the area and settled at the southern end of Ku‘uali‘i Fishpond. Kirch (1979) undertook a survey of an approximately 3,841 acre area that included portions of Waikoloa, ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalahuipua‘a, and Lālāmilo for the Bishop Museum. This study identified 179 sites with 105 sites located in the ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a area, 15 in Lālāmilo and 59 in Waikoloa. A total of 449 features were documented with the majority (212) located in the ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a area. The ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a are contained shelter caves, midden scatters, C-shapes, platforms, enclosures, cairns, petroglyphs, papamu, trails, abrader manufacturing areas, ponds, burial caves and cists, and miscellaneous features. Based on his findings, in conjunction with those of other studies in the area, Kirch concludes that West Hawai‘i was settled by approximately A.D. 750 and that by A.D. 1200, “small settlement were situated at various points along the coast”, including ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalahuipua‘a (1979:198). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 24 In 1982, Hommon (1982) prepared an interpretive and management plan for selected sites noted during the Kirch (1979) study. The sites were incorporated into Historic Preserves A and B and a fishpond complex containing Waipuhi, Kahinawao, Hope‘ai‘a, Manoku, Ka‘ai‘ōpio and Lāhuipuaa Fishponds. A review of the DLNR-SHPD archaeological report database and other sources indicate that more than 40 additional projects have been conducted in the general vicinity of the project area. These include field inspections, reconnaissance surveys, archaeological inventory surveys, data recovery and monitoring projects, site preservation plans and archaeological mitigation programs, located in ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalahuipua‘a, Pu‘u-anahulu, and Lalamilo. The location of these projects is depicted in Figure 23 and they are briefly summarized in Table 2. The findings from Barrera (1971), Cox (1971), Kirch (1979) and Hommon (1982) are excluded from this table because many of the sites noted during these earlier projects were subsequently revisited and assigned State Inventory of Historic Places (SIHP) site designations. Table 2. Summary of Previous archaeological work. The studies in Table 2 comprise more than 8,100 acres and identified 536 sites and more than 9,600 features. Sites documented in the area include petroglyphs and features associated with the quarrying and production of abraders. Habitation sites are dominated by cave and overhang shelters, and surface architecture consisting of C-shapes and enclosures, primarily occupied on a temporary basis. Fishponds, burial caves, trails, and small ritual sites have also been documented. The majority of the sites are concentrated along the coast especially near sheltered bays and coves and the fishponds. Archaeological Inventory SurveyData RecoveryArchaeological Mitigation ProgramReconnaissance SurveyField InspectionSite Preservation PlanMonitoring report1 Rosendahl (1984), Shun (1984)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 60 28 0.5 45 0.75 2 Walker and Rosendahl (1985), Hammatt et al. (2001)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 30 69 2.3 263 8.77 3 Ching (1971), Rosendahl (1972, 1985), Walker and Rosendahl (1986), Donham (1986, 1987), Jensen (1988), Jensen and Kato (1991); contains present project area Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa 1 2 1 1 1 820 96 0.1 1094 1.33 4 Jensen (1989a, 1989b, 1990a, 1990b, 1990d 1991c)Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa 2 2 1 1 50 49 1.0 151 3.02 5 Jensen (1989c, 1989d, 1989e)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 1 2.05 1 0.5 101 49.27 6 Jensen (1989f, 1989g)Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa 1 1 35 13 0.4 199 5.69 7 Jensen (1989h, 1989i, 1989j, 1991b, 2000a)Kalahuipua‘a and Waikoloa 2 3 156 18 0.1 483 3.10 8 Jensen (1990c)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 98.5 48 0.5 78 0.79 9 Jensen (1991a), Halpern and Rosendahal (1996), Haun and Henry (2000, 2017a, 2017b), Stasack and Stasack (2007)‘Anaeho‘omalu 3 1 37 30 0.8 79 2.14 10 Landrum and Williams (1994)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 27.3 9 0.3 141 5.16 11 Nees (1995)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 27 10 0.4 77 2.85 12 Drolet and Clark (1997)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 8.15 1 0.1 1 0.12 13 Burgett et al. (1999)Waikoloa 1 22.5 4 0.2 265 11.78 14 Rechtman and Wolforth (1999), Planning Solutions, Inc. (2014)Pu‘uwa‘awa‘a 1 1 4362 N/A N/A 2702 0.62 15 Jensen (2000a, 2001)Waikoloa 1 1 36 1 0.0 151 4.19 16 Landrum et al. (2002)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 708 96 0.1 480 0.68 17 Haun and Henry (2004a, 2004b)Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa 1 1 36 9 0.3 145 4.03 18 Corbin (2011), Haun and Henry (2014)‘Anaeho‘omalu 1 1 16.5 3 0.2 3 0.18 19 Bishop Museum (1967) Lalamilo 1 800 1 0.001 3000 3.75 20 Wolforth, Escott and McGerty (2016)Waikoloa and Pu‘uanahulu 1 784 50 0.1 157 0.20 22 11 5 3 2 3 1 8116 536 6.0 9615 5.42 Area depicted on Figure 18 Study type Acreage No. of features References Ahupua‘a No. of sites Sites per acre Features per acre Total W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 25 Figure 23. Previous archaeological work (adapted from USGS 1997 7.5 ft Quadrangles). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 26 Based on these studies, the site density in the general project area vicinity ranges from 0.001 to 2.3 sites per acre. One study contains reconnaissance level survey data collected by Thomas Dye in 2011. This study was conducted in conjunction with the Kiholo State Master Plan in Pu‘u-anahulu Ahupua‘a (Planning Solutions, Inc. 2014:3-19). The reports list 2,702 features in the state park, although no information concerning the total number of sites is presented. Excluding this project and the Bishop Museum (1964) survey of the Puako Petroglyph field which identified only one site in an 800 acre area, the average per acre site density is 0.4 sites per acre. The feature density ranges from 0.02 to 8.15 features per acre, with an average feature density of 1.39 features per acre. Clark (1987) proposed a settlement pattern model for the Kawaihae-Waimea region that is applicable to the present project area vicinity. The model consists of four zones as follows: Coastal Zone Extends from the coast to between 200 m and 400 m inland with most sites below 30-45 meters (98-148 feet) elevation. The Coastal Zone is subdivided into shoreline and inland sub-zones. Subsistence activity had a marine exploitation emphasis including fishing, collecting, and salt making. Agricultural crops included coconut, sweet potato, gourds, and other medicinal, utilitarian, and food plants. Archaeological features include “residential structures, community- oriented structures, burial monuments, agricultural features, military features [recent], and miscellaneous” (1987:247). Habitation sites include single use sites, extended and recurrent occupations, and permanently occupied sites. Habitation features include small walled shelters, caves, overhangs, terraces, platforms, and enclosures. The more intensively occupied habitation sites are clustered in neighborhoods sometimes larger wards. Intermediate Zone Extends from the Coastal Zone to between 7.3 and 9.7 km inland at approximately 585 meters (1,919 feet) elevation. Subsistence activity limited to small scale seasonal cultivation of alluvial flats near drainages and bird catching. Archaeological features include short-tern occupation sites including midden scatters, fireplaces, small walled shelters, caves, and overhangs, which are typically situated near drainages. Kula Zone Extends from the Intermediate Zone to between 7.3 and 9.7 km inland. It ranges in elevation from 585 to 830 meters (1,919-2,722 ft) in elevation, with small sections extending to as much as 975 meters (3,198 feet) elevation. Subsistence activity is dominated by agriculture. The zone is divided into two primary sub- zones based on the nature of cultivation. Sub-zone 1 is defined by the presence of formal fields mound complexes, small terraces, modified outcrops, and animal and garden enclosures. Sub-zone 2 is characterized by the absence of formal fields and limited to planting swales, clusters of mounds, and modified outcrops. Irrigation ditches occur in both sub-zones. Crops included sweet potatoes, dry- land taro, gourds, and wauke. Habitation sites include single use sites, extended and recurrent occupations, and permanently occupied sites. Habitation features include small walled shelters, caves, overhangs, terraces, platforms, and enclosures. The more intensively occupied habitation sites are clustered in neighborhoods sometimes larger wards. Burial features are also present. Wilderness Zone The zone extends inland from the Kula Zone to the mountain tops. The zone is divided into two sub-zones. Sub-zone 1 consists of areas that were exploited for a variety of resources including, wood, bark, birds, wild plants foods, fine-grained basalt for tool manufacture. Sub-zone 2 consists of the highest elevation areas that were not economically exploited and largely untouched except for some religious activity. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 27 Previous Archaeological Work in the Project Area The present project area is located in an area that has been subjected to multiple archaeological studies. The earliest study that extended into the present project was undertaken by the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Parks and Historic Sites in 1970 (Ching 1971). This project examined a 23-mile long corridor for the proposed Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway connecting Kailua with Kawaihae. This reconnaissance survey documented thousands of features along its length, with two features falling with the boundaries of the present project area. These consist of a complex of quarry areas and temporary shelters (Feature 1244) and a trail (Feature 1374). The Feature 1374 trail was subsequently identified by Donham (1987; discussed below) and assigned SIHP number 26871. The Feature 1244 complex was also noted by Donham (1987) and designated as Sites 26876 and 26877. Rosendahl (1972) returned to the Kailua-Kawaihae corridor and conducted mapping and surface collection of artifacts from Features 1374 through 1379. This cluster of sites was designated as Complex F during this project. A newly identified cave shelter, designated as Feature 2019 was identified west of Complex F and was completely excavated by Rosendahl (1972). Feature 1377 was subsequently designated as a portion of Site 26871 by Donham (1987) and Feature 1376 was designated as a component of Sites 26876 and 26877. The newly identified cave shelter (Feature 2019) was assigned Site 26873 by Donham (1987) Paul H. Rosendahl (PHRI) conducted an archaeological reconnaissance survey of an approximately 820 acre area located between the Kiholo-Puako Trail (King’s Trail and the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway; Donham 1987). This project examined undeveloped parcels within the Waikoloa Beach Resort consisting of Parcels 27, 27AA, 27BB, and 27CC and five areas designated as Temporary Management Units (TMU) TMU-A through TMU-E. Subsequent work by PHRI (Jensen 1988) also examined TMU-F and Parcels 26 and 28Z (Figure 24). The present project area is situated within TMU-A through TMU-F. The Donham (1987) survey resulted in the identification of 90 sites with a total of 413 features. Of these, nine sites (Sites 26869 and 26871 through 26878) are located within the present project area, all with PHRI’s TMU-B. As discussed above, three of the sites (Sites 26871, 26876 and 26877) were previously identified by Ching (1971) and Rosendahl (1972) and one site (Site 26873) was previously documented and excavated by Rosendahl (1972). All of the sites noted by Donham in the current project area were relocated during the present project and are discussed in detail in the Findings section of this report. Donham (1987) also identified a trail inland of the Kiholo-Puako Trail that she designated as Site 26880. This trail is also referenced by Donham (1987) as Site 5690 and as the Forerunner Trail by Monahan (2021). These two trails are located within their own Tax Map Key parcel (TMK [3] 6-9-008: 026; see Figure 4), and are both located outside the boundaries of the present project area to the west (see Figure 24 and Figure 25). The Site 26880 trail is described as follows: This site consists of a well-worn footpath across the Kaniku Flow, adjacent to the east side of the Kiholo-Puako Trail. The southern end of the path is identifiable at the edge of the flow, directly west of the resort helipad construction area. It proceeds directly up the side of the flow and transects Site 26881 at the northern end of TMU B. From this site, it angles westward toward the Kiholo-Puako and intersects it immediately south of the Hyatt area access road. The path is distinguishable to the north of the road where it begins to angle gradually eastward, away from the Kiholo-Puako Trail. At the northern edge of the project area, the path is 23.0 m east of the trail. It continues north, beyond the project area, and remains relatively close to or beneath the Kiholo- Puako Trail. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 28 Figure 24. Location of TMU-A through TMU-F and associated parcels (modified from Jensen and Kato 1991:3). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 29 Figure 25. Aerial view of Areas 7 and 8 showing Kiholo-Puako Trail and Site 26880 trail outside project area (obtained from ESRI.com) The path’s surface varies considerably in width; at the crest of the Kaniku Flow, where it crosses Site 26881, the path is 1.0 m wide. At the northern end, where it is adjacent to the Kiholo-Puako Trail, a leveled and crushed area up to 3.5 m wide occurs on two sides of the main path channel. Sections of the path appear to have been affected by grubbing, possibly in an attempt to open a vehicular road along the path. This feature probably was the major transportation route along the coast, prior to the construction of the Kiholo-Puako Trail, which follows its course quite closely and appears to overlap with certain segments. (Donham 1987:89) Another project of relevance to the present study is an AIS conducted by Scientific Consultant Services, Inc. (Wolforth, Escott and McGerty Draft 2016) located inland of the project area. This project examined 25.3 miles (784-acres) of road corridor alignments associated with the proposed Saddle Road Extension project. This study documented 50 sites and 157 features, the majority of which are located in the seaward portion of their project area, inland of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway. Of particular interest are a series of trails located just inland of the highway that include Sites 24503, 24507, 24512 and 24514 (Figure 26). These trails appear to lead to Temporary Site 1374 on the seaward side of the highway, which was initially identified by Ching (1972) and subsequently designated as the Site 26871 trail by Donham (1987). A portion of the Site 26871 trail was recorded during the present study. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 30 Figure 26. Portion of Wolforth et al. (2016:76) site map showing trails inland of Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 31 Project expectations The project area is situated in the seaward portion of Clark’s (1987) Intermediate Zone. Pre-contact sites typically expected in this area consist of single use, extended and recurrent occupation habitation structures along with burials, ritual features and agricultural features. Historic remnants can include livestock control walls, World War II era military features, and camp sites associated with Parker Ranch employee’s recreational use of the area. Anaeho‘omalu has been extensively studied during previous archaeological investigations and is unlikely that any undocumented surface sites or features would be present; however, it is possible that subsurface deposits or burials might be encountered during testing, especially in the seaward portion of the project area. Consultation Kepa Maly (1999) conducted informant interviews with ten individuals with knowledge of the general project area vicinity between February 1998 and April 1999. These interviews were conducted in conjunction with a study of the coastal trails of South Kohala. An interview of particular relevance to the current project was conducted on March 15, 1999 with Mr. Kenneth Brown, the nephew of Francis Ī‘ī Brown, former owner of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kalāhuipua‘a. The interview is described below. Kenneth Francis Kamu‘okalani Brown was born in 1919, at Ka‘alawai, O‘ahu. His father was George I‘i Brown (brother of Francis Hyde I‘i Brown), and his mother was Julia White-Brown. Mr. Brown’s great grandfather was the noted Hawaiian historian, John Papa I‘i, and was closely associated with the Kamehameha line. Mr. Brown’s uncle Francis Hyde I‘i Brown, was the former owner of Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu (the family still maintains an interest in Keawaiki, a short distance south of ‘Anaeho‘omalu). Francis Brown had a great interest in his Hawaiian history, and when he acquired the ‘Anaeho‘omalu-Kalāhuipua‘a lands, he brought native families of the lands together to work for him, and it was from them, that he learned about the area. By ca. 1932, Kenneth Brown, began traveling with his uncle to the ‘Anaeho‘omalu -Kalāhuipua‘a and Keawaiki vicinity, and he too learned about some of the history of the region. Kenneth Brown remains attached to the lands to this day, and is often sought out for comment and review of proposed activities in the area. During the interview, Mr. K. Brown shared his recollections of historic residency, travel in the region between Kawaihae – Keawaiki – Kailua, and fishing. He notes that the old fishermen of the region taught his uncle about the importance of landscape to the fishermen, and that they were keen observers of the skies as well. Mr. Brown noted that by the 1930s, there were only a few families living between ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Kawaihae (residences were situated at Paniau and Puakō — by that time Kīholo, Kapalaoa and other small communities had been abandoned). He noted that there was frequent travel between Kawaihae and Kalāhuipua‘a-‘Anaeho‘omalu, but most of that was done by boat. Mr. Brown did note that his uncle encouraged native fishermen and others to use the coastal trails—travel was primarily done for subsistence fishing—and he encouraged people to take care of the trails and marine resources. (1999:157) A review of an unpublished Cultural Impact Assessment prepared by Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i (CSH - Magat et al. 2008) revealed additional informant interviews relevant to the project area. CSH interviewed Mr. P.F. “Ski” Kwiatkowski in 2008. Mr. Kwiatkowski is of Hawaiian, Polish and Portuguese decent and is an expert on Hawaiian tattoos and petroglyphs. Although born on Oahu, he lived on Hawai‘i Island for many years. Much of Mr. Kwiatkowski’s knowledge of the area came from his relationship with paniolo John Purdy, who worked cattle at Parker Ranch for more than 50 years. The following presents a recollection about the fish ponds in the area: W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 32 At the big pond at ‘Anaeho‘omalu, that one used to have two mākāhā (sluice gate). After the 1946 tidal wave, they only reconstructed one mākāhā and the other one they let go. This is what I got from John Purdy, who drove cattle in the 1930s in the area. When I was doing research on Hawaiian petroglyphs, I used to wonder why they let cattle walk all over the hot areas because there was no water (He (Mr. Purdy) said that they are not stupid; they drove the cattle at night, for about a week when the moon provided the light. When the cattle got close to the ocean, they could smell the water. There are places where they got fresh water, such as in the big pond, where the fresh water rises on top of the salt water. (2008:57) On September 8, 2008, CSH brought a group of eight members of the Keakealani, Alapai and Mitchell families to the ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay area. The group included Kupuna Howard K. Alapai and his wife Mary Alapai, Mrs. Leina‘ala Keakealani Lightner, Barbara Alapai and her son William Alapai, Robert Ku‘ulei Keakealani and Kanoa and Lehua Alapai. The oldest member of the group, Howard Alapai recalled visiting the ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay area as far back as the early 1950s. My uncles used to come down, when my dad was living yet, we used to go down by horse, from Pu‘uanahulu. We used to come down to go fishing, or whatever we need, and then go up (during weekends)…It was nice, beautiful, nobody around. We used to swim around the ocean, it was beautiful …There was a road that we made through the ranch, but before that it was horseback. We used to ride everywhere. After we got the road, we used it to fish and stay the weekend. (2008:60) Mrs. Leina‘ala Keakealani Lightner also provided recollections of visiting the bay in her youth, prior to the tsunamis that hit the Kona coast. This bay was nice, there was a lot back then. Fish was a lot. Opihi (limpets), he‘e (octopus). People used…to do cross nets and used to catch a lot of ‘a‘awa (wrasse) in the bay. It was great then. They knew what they were doing they knew what moon to go, and what they were getting there. They used to cross net there in the bay…Me and my cousins, we used to come down during weekends after we got the road in. We did a lot of fishing and stuff with family…We used to come down and enjoy…We used to come fishing, wana (sea urchin), whatever, but we only come on Friday. Sundays, [we] load up the horses, go home. (2008:64) Additional consultation was conducted by Haun & Associates Supervisory Archaeologist Solomon Kailihiwa in conjunction with the Haun and Henry (2014) documentation of the Ku‘uali‘i and Kahapapa Fishponds inland of ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay. This consultation was undertaken on March 3, 2014 with Mr. Lloyd Case. Mr. Case is currently a resident of Waimea. He frequented ‘Anaeho‘omalu when he was younger both when he worked for Parker Ranch and with his family. At that time there were no roads to the coast. Mr. Case and his fellow ranch hands and family would travel there either by boat or by utilizing the Kiholo-Puako Trail, which is a portion of an alanui aupuni or government road, and the network of mauka- makai trails. Mr. Case worked for Parker Ranch during the summers from 1965 through 1968 as a part of the ranch's ‘Ōpae Gang. Part of their responsibility was to go down to ‘Anaeho‘omalu to care for and maintain Kahapapa and Ku‘uali‘i fishponds. The ‘Ōpae Gang would fix and maintain the mākāhā (fishpond sluice gate), and clean the algae out of the ponds. Awa (Chanos chanos) and mullet (Mugil cephalus) were harvested from the fishponds in December for the Parker Ranch Christmas Luau. The mākāhā was opened during January and February, the months of high surf, in order to let the mullet into the pond to spawn. Mr. Case and his family often frequented ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay and nearby areas for camping. Fish were abundant and they would throw nets to catch fish, go diving to spear fish, and gather shellfish along the shore and shallow waters. The fish they would harvest by net included manini (Acanthurus triostegus), uouoa (Neomyxus chaptalii), ‘āweoweo W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 33 (Priacanthus spp.), and menpachi (Myripristis spp.). Two of the favored fish to dive and spear for were uhu (Scarus spp.) and kole (Ctenochaetus strigosus). Lobster, crab, and ‘opihi (Cellana spp.) were also gathered. Only ‘opihi of a certain size were harvested. The largest ‘opihi were never touched as they were essential to maintaining the ‘opihi population. Sea urchin (wana, Diadematidae) and hā‘uke‘uke (Colobocentrotus atratus), were gathered and eaten during the summer months when they were fattest. Mr. Case was aware of burials in the area. The majority of the burials are located in small caves along the Kiholo-Puako Trail. On July 9, 2021, a meeting was held to discuss the trails within and adjacent to the project area. The meeting was attended by Scott Head and Kanani Aton of the Waikoloa Land Company, Jackson Bauer of the Division of Forestry and Wildlife Na Ala Hele Trail and Access Program, Aric Arakaki and Rick Gmirkin of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Planning Consultant Sidney Fuke, and Haun & Associates representatives Dr. Alan Haun and Solomon Kailihiwa. Mr. Bauer discussed the cultural landscape of the area and the importance of the trails. He stated that a broader area needs to be included when studying the trails because they are not confined by property boundaries. Mr. Bauer contends that the trails in Survey Area 1 can be connected to a trail system located on the southeastern side of the Queen Kaahumanu Highway, and that there is a kipuka on the inland side of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu where Scientific Consultations Services, Inc. documented archaeological features in 2020 during an AIS for the proposed extension of the Daniel K. Inouye Highway. Mr. Bauer and Mr. Gmirkin stated that this trail system was used by people to access the nearby petroglyph field and Waiulua Bay, and that the current trail guidelines of Na Ala Hele include preservation with 30 ft buffers from the edge of trails. The Forerunner Trail noted by Donham (1987) and Monahan (2021) is located near the western boundaries of Survey Areas 7 and 8. Mr. Kailihiwa of Haun & Associates noted that this trail was observed during the fieldwork; however it was determined to be outside the boundaries of the current project area within its own Tax Map Key parcel (TMK [3] 6-9-008: 026; see Figure 4). The meeting concluded with a field visit to the Survey Area 1 to show the representatives of Na Ala Hele and Ala Kahakai the trails that were recorded during the AIS. The group walked along all of the recorded segments of trails in the area. Mr. Bauer and Mr. Gmirkin felt that the path of the trails continued across the pahoehoe areas, and that the Site 31230 Segment E continued northwest across an area of scaly lava. Mr. Kailihiwa stated that this area had been previously disturbed by a metal-tracked vehicle, and it was difficult to discern between disturbance and trail. Mr. Gmirkin acknowledged the disturbance but stated he was going to include the un-recorded segment in his comments on the report. A second field visit to the project area was conducted on July 16, 2021 by Haun & Associates Project Supervisor Solomon Kailihiwa and Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program Archaeologist Rick Gmirkin. The archaeologists hiked along the Forerunner Trail (Site 26880) from Waikoloa Beach Drive to the western boundaries of 1599 Survey Areas 7 and 8 (Figure 27). Mr. Kailihiwa provided copies of maps of this portion of the project area to Mr. Gmirkin and he was satisfied that the Forerunner Trail is indeed outside the boundaries of the present project area. Mr. Kailihiwa and Mr. Gmirkin continued their field visit by entering Survey Area 1 from the northwest along a mechanically disturbed corridor examined during the AIS that showed evidence of prior disturbance by a metal- tracked vehicle. Although Mr. Gmirkin said he did not see solid evidence of tracked vehicle disturbance, although he did acknowledge that the area could have been impacted. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 34 Figure 27. Segment of Forerunner Trail inspected (obtained from ESRI.com). Mr. Kailihiwa and Mr. Gmirkin examined Mr. Gmirkin’s area of interest in the disturbed pahoehoe at the northern end of Site 31230 Segment E. They started at the north end of this trail segment and followed the path Mr. Gmirkin observed during the July 9, 2021 field visit. Based on Mr. Gmirkin’s input it was determined that Segment E potentially continued across the pahoehoe as depicted as orange dashed line on Figure 28. A second possible trail was also noted east of Segment E, depicted in Figure 28 as an orange dotted line. The segments were followed as far as they were visible (Figure 29 and Figure 30). The maps and description of Site 31220 in the Findings section of this report have been modified to include the extended portion of Feature E and the newly identified side route (Feature F). Mr. Gmirkin checked the location of the possible trail segments with a georeferenced version of the concept sketch provided by Mr. Head to determine how these segments would impact the proposed development. He was pleased that a portion of the trails are located in a proposed landscape area and it was agreed that the development of the golf course parking lot area remain as shown on the development plans and the trail route would be shown symbolically moving through the parking area. (Figure 31). He also noted that the final preservation and mitigation measures would be done in consultation with Na Ala Hele if they claim the trails. A September 16, 2021 letter from Jackson Bauer of Na Ala Hele regarding the current project was submitted to Christian Kay and Tracie-Lee Camero of the Hawai‘i County Planning Department, (Appendix B). This letter recommends several revisions which are summarized as follows: W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 35 Figure 28. Potential extension of Site 31230 Segment E trail (dashed orange line) and newly identified Segment F (dotted orange line; obtained from ESRI.com). Figure 29. Southern end of Segment E on scaly pahoehoe (view to northwest). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 36 Figure 30. North end of Segment E where trail no longer visible (view to northwest). Figure 31. Proposed development showing extension of Feature E. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 37 1. Na Ala Hele recommends a variety of preservation treatments for sites in the project area including a 30 foot preservation buffers for the trails, signage, litter maintenance, the installation of orange buffer fences, and the future removal of ironwoods trees and duff; 2. Na Ala Hele recommends expanding the preservation buffers around the trails to include some of the other no further work sites documented in the project area; 3. Na Ala Hele recommends that WLC create a public access path from the seaward end of the Site 31230 trail to the petroglyph preserve and the Kings trail; and 4. Na Ala Hele requests ownership claim for all the trails in the parcel. None of Na Ala Hele’s revisions have been incorporated into the current AIS. These provisions will be addressed into a future SPP that will be prepared for the current project. A September 17, 2021 letter from Aric Arakaki of Ala Kahakai regarding the current project was submitted to Zendo Kern, Planning Director of the County of Hawai‘i (Appendix C). This letter recommends revisions to the AIS and additions to the as yet to be prepared Site Preservation Plan (SPP) for the project. These revisions and additions are summarized as follows: 1. The Forerunner trail, located outside the boundary of the current project, currently has a 10 foot buffer. Ala Kahakai requests an additional 30 foot buffer and “vegetative transition” between the trail and the buildings that are proposed for Area J2. They request acknowledgement of the potential impacts to the Ala Loa and the Forerunner Trail from development in the project area; 2. Ala Kahakai recommends changing the Site 26873 complex from no further work to preservation. They also state that an undocumented trail is present above the Feature A lava tube at this site; 3. Ala Kahakai recommends that a minimum 30 foot buffer be established on the sides of all preserved trail sections. In addition, they request that the landowner preserve the pahoehoe area between Sites 26871 and 31230 as part of the trail network; and 4. Ala Kahakai requests that Criterion “e” cultural significance be added to the Site 26871 and Site 31230 trails and to the 26873 complex. At the request of Ala Kahakai, the treatment recommendation for Site 26873 has been changed from no further work to preservation. Regarding the “undocumented trail above the Feature A lava tube”, this area was thoroughly examined by Haun & Associates Project Supervisor Solomon Kailihiwa and was determined to be bulldozer disturbance and not a trail. In addition, the cultural significance of Sites 26871, 26873, and 31230 has been modified to include Criterion “e”. Ala Kahakai’s Items 1 and 3 are not addressed in this AIS. These provisions will be incorporated in a future SPP to be prepared for the current project. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 38 FINDINGS The archaeological inventory survey identified 14 sites with a total of 418 features. The 14 sites include nine sites identified during previous archaeological studies in the area (Sites 26869, 26871-26878) and five sites newly identified during the present project (Sites 31230-31234). Of the nine previously identified sites, two were noted by Ching (1971; Sites 26871 and 26876) and three were identified by Rosendahl (1972; Site 26871, 26873 and 26876). All nine previously identified sites were recorded by Donham (1987). The 14 sites recorded during the present project include one single features site and 13 complexes of features with two to 240 component features. The 418 features consist of 310 excavations, 50 abraded surfaces, 20 mounds, 13 trail segments, eight areas of battered pahoehoe, five cairns, four walls, three C-shapes, two lava blisters, two lava tubes, and one alignment. Feature function consists of resource procurement (339), tool manufacture (50), temporary habitation (15), transportation (13) and marker (1). The sites are summarized in Table 3 and the location of the 14 sites is presented in Figure 32. Table 3. Summary of identified sites. Of the 418 features, the majority (416) are located within the Area 1 portion of the project area. The two remaining features consist of excavations of the Site 31234 complex located in either Area 2 (Feature 239) or Area 3 (Feature 240). No sites are present in the remaining survey areas. ExcavationAbraded surfaceMoundTrailBattered pahoehoe CairnWallC-shapeLava blisterLava tubeAlignmentResource procurementTool manufactureTemporary habitationTransportationMarkerEastingNorthing50-10-10-26869 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture 10 8 1 1 8 1 1 198885 2204623 1599.31, .33, .34 Donham (1987) 50-10-11-26871 1 Complex Transportation, Marker 6 5 1 5 1 199108 2204699 1599.10, .11, .12, .67 Ching (1971), Rosendahl (1972), Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26872 1 Complex Resource procurement 30 30 30 198906 2204757 1599.87, .88 Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26873 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture, Transportation 16 7 4 1 1 1 1 1 7 4 4 1 189914 2204809 1599.81 Rosendahl (1972), Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26874 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture 51 16 34 1 16 34 1 198959 2204885 1599.93, .95, .101 Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26875 1 Lava blister Resource procurement 1 1 1 198954 2204772 1599.62.01 Donham (1987) 50-10-11-26876 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Transportation 16 13 1 1 1 13 2 1 199021 2204861 1599.69, .74, .75 Ching (1971), Rosendahl (1972), Donham (1987) 50-10-11-26877 1 Complex Temporary habitation, Marker, Resource procurement 14 10 1 1 1 1 12 2 199069 2204833 1599.47, .49, .70, .71, .72 Donham (1987) 50-10-10-26878 1 Complex Temporary habitation,Resource procurement 13 10 2 1 11 2 189906 2204949 1599.115, .120, .121, .123, .125 Donham (1987) 50-10-10-31230 1 Complex Transportation 6 6 6 198987 2204820 1599.13 50-10-10-31231 1 Complex Resource procurement, Tool manufacture 2 1 1 1 1 198942 2204598 1599.6 50-10-10-31232 1 Complex Tool manufacuture 10 10 10 198911 2204602 1599.24 50-10-10-31233 1 Complex Temporary habitation 3 2 1 3 198965 2204804 1599.78 50-10-10/11- 31234 1, 2, 3 Complex Resource procurement 240 215 17 8 240 Total 418 310 50 20 13 8 5 4 3 2 2 1 339 50 15 13 1 Haun & Associates T# SIHP Site number Other recorders GPS Area No. of featuresFunctionFormal type Formal type Function see Appendix A W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 39 Figure 32. Site location map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 40 Site 26869 Site 26869 is a complex of ten features located in the southwestern portion of Area 1 at approximately 37 to 40 feet elevation. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:78) consisting of a cave (Feature A), and two clusters of excavations (Feature B and Feature C). The examination of the site during the present project relocated the Feature A lava tube, along with the two clusters observed during the prior study. The site is comprised of the Feature A lava tube, and abraded surface (Feature A3), and eight pahoehoe excavations (Features A3, B1 through B-3) and Feature C-1 through C-4). The site encompasses an area 37 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 21 wide (Figure 33). Feature A is a lava tube situated in the central portion of the site. The entrance is at the eastern end of the tube, measuring 3.0 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 0.7 meters high (Figure 34 and Figure 35). The entrance opens onto an oval-shaped chamber that is 9.0 meters long (east-west) and 2.0 to 3.8 meters wide. The floor is uneven bare lava with areas of scattered roof and the ceiling heights range from 0.25 meters around the edges to 1.5 meters in from the entrance. A low passage extends to the east from the southeast corner of the main chamber. It is 0.8 meters wide and 0.1 meters high and is inaccessible. A small irregularly-shaped terrace is located in the western portion of the lava tube, measuring 2.0 meters (northeast by southwest) and 1.30 meters wide. It is defined by aligned boulders along the north and west (0.3 meters high) piled cobbles along the remaining sides (0.25 to 0.3 meters high). The surface is uneven boulders and cobbles (Figure 36). A concentration of charcoal is present on the central portion of the terrace. No other cultural material is present. Donham (1987:78) noted the presence of a goat skeleton in the tube; however, this is no longer present. There is an excavated area along the pahoehoe outcrop adjacent to the Feature A entrance (Feature A2; see Figure 34 and Figure 35). It is 1.0 meters long, 0.5 meters wide and 0.2 meters deep. A spoil pile of boulders and cobbles is located to the south, measuring 1.6 meters long, 0.75 meters wide and 0.2 meters high with no cultural material present. An abraded surface (Feature A3) is located on top of the pahoehoe outcrop above the entrance to the Feature A lava tube. It is oval-shaped and is 1.0 meters long and 0.75 meters with an abraded surface (see Figure 34 and Figure 35). There is a pile of stones removed from the surface is adjacent to the abraded surface to the north measuring 1.2 meters long, 0.8 meters wide and 0.2 meters high. No cultural material is present. Feature B is a cluster of three pahoehoe excavations (Features B1 through B-3) located 5.5 meters north of the entrance to Feature A. The cluster encompasses an area 10.7 meters long by 6.5 meters wide and contains no cultural material (see Figure 33). The Feature B1 excavation likely corresponds to Feature B noted by Donham (1987:78). It is 2.0 meters long, 1.0 meters wide and 0.2 meters deep with a spoil pile of boulders and cobbles to the north that is 3.0 meters long, 0.4 meters wide and 0.15 meters high (Figure 37). Feature B2 is a large cleared area situated to the south of Feature B1. It is 4.7 meters long and 2.20 meters wide, with piled boulders and cobbles around its perimeters in an area 3.0 meters long, 0.4 meters wide and 0.15 meters high (Figure 38). Feature B3 is a pahoehoe excavation to the northeast of Feature B1. It is 1.0 meters in diameter and 0.2 meters deep with a spoil pile to the south that is 1.4 meters long, 1.1 meters wide and 0.2 meters high (Figure 39). Feature C is a cluster of four pahoehoe excavations (Features C1 through C-4) located 15.0 meters west-southwest of the entrance to Feature A. The cluster encompasses an area 12.4 meters long by 9.0 meters wide and contains no cultural material (see Figure 33). The Feature C1 excavation is linear in shape and is 12.4 meters long, 0.7 meters wide and 0.25 meters deep. A spoil pile of boulders and cobbles is present along the eastern side, measuring 10.6 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 41 Figure 33. Site 26869 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 42 Figure 34. Site 26869, Feature A plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 43 Figure 35. Entrance to Site 26869 lava tube and Features A2 and A3 (view to west). Figure 36. Terrace within Site 26869, Feature A lava tube (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 44 Figure 37. Site 26869, Feature B1 excavation (view to east). Figure 38. Site 26869, Feature B2 excavation (view to east-southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 45 Figure 39. Site 26869, Feature B3 excavation (view to northeast). long, 1.1 meters wide and 0.15 meters high (Figure 40). Feature C2 is situated west of Feature C1 and is irregular in shape. It is 2.5 meters long, 0.95 meters wide and 0.4 meters deep with a spoil pile to the west that is 2.0 meters long, 1.0 meters wide and 0.2 meters high (see Figure 40). Feature C3 is situated west of Feature C2 and is irregular in shape. It is 0.85 meters long, 0.4 meters wide and 0.6 meters deep with a spoil pile to the southwest that is 0.7 meters long, 0.5 meters wide and 0.2 meters high (Figure 41). Feature C4 is located west of Feature C3 and is irregular in shape. It is 1.80 meters long, 1.1 meters wide and 0.9 meters deep with a spoil pile to the southwest that is 1.7 meters long, 1.0 meters wide and 0.4 meters high (Figure 42). Site 26869 is interpreted as a complex of temporary habitation, resource procurement and tool manufacture features. The Feature A lava tube functioned as a temporary habitation shelter based on formal type and the internal terrace with charcoal. The Feature A3 abraded surface was used in the manufacture of abrader tools. Pahoehoe excavations have been variously interpreted as quarries for fine-grained basalt (Haun and Henry 2002, Haun et al. 2010), and the result of digging to obtain juvenile dark rumped petrels from nests in crevices in the lava (Nakamura et al. 1998). Nakamura et al. (1998) hypothesize that the excavated areas artificially enhanced natural nesting areas and increased the predictability of the birds as a food resource. The remaining features of Site 26869 are interpreted as being created during efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria, based on their appearance. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 46 Figure 40. Site 26869, Feature C1 and C2 excavation (view to west). Figure 41. Site 26869, Feature C3 excavation (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 47 Figure 42. Site 26869, Feature C4 excavation (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 48 Site 26871 Site 26871 is a complex of six features located in the southeastern portion of Area 1. The site is comprised of five trail segments (Features A-E) and a cairn (Feature F) located in an area 135 meters long (east-west) and 62 meters wide, at elevations ranging from approximately 35 to 40 feet. The extent of the site is presented in Figure 32. The Site 31230 trail complex, discussed below, is a probably seaward extension of Site 26871, located on the western side of an area of pahoehoe lava. Portions of Site 26871 were previously recorded during prior studies in the area. Feature A was first noted by Ching (1972) as Temporary Site 1374. Rosendahl (1972) also noted this trail and identified a branch trail off 1374 that was designated as Temporary Site 1377 and is referenced as Feature B in the current project. These sections of trail were assigned Site 26871 by Donham (1987:80). The Feature A through Feature E trails are similar in construction, consisting of linear paths through areas of a‘ā lava with cobbles and pebbles on the surface worn by foot traffic. These trail segments range from 0.3 to 1.0 meters and contain widely scattered of sun bleached waterworn coral pebbles. Numerous golf balls from the adjacent golf course are present in the area. A total of 297.0 linear meters of trail are present. Feature A originates along the southeastern project area boundary, 137 meters southwest of the southeastern corner of Area 1. The portion of the trail within the project area extends from the boundary for 51.0 meters northwest where it terminates at an area of pahoehoe lava. Boundary. This trail continues outside the project area towards the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway as noted by Ching (1972) as Site 1374. An overview of Feature A is presented in Figure 43 with a close up of the worn stones shown in Figure 44. Feature B is a trail that extends to the north from Feature A, 3.0 meters northwest of the project area boundary. The trail has an overall length of 58.0 meters, extending 15 meters to the north of Feature A, then angling to the west-northwest for an additional 43.0 meters where it terminates in the same pahoehoe area as Feature A. This trail segments corresponds to Temporary Site 1377 as noted by Rosendahl (1972). An overview of Feature B is shown in Figure 45. The portion of the Feature C trail in the project area originates along the southeastern project area boundary, 36.0 meters southwest of Feature A. It extends to the northwest for 62.0 meters where it terminates at a pahoehoe flow. The trail also continues to the southwest outside the project area. The trail is depicted in Figure 46 and in Figure 49 below). The Feature D trail extends off Feature C 12.0 meters northwest of the project area boundary. It has an overall length of 87 meters, extending from Feature C for 2.0 meters to the southwest, then angling to the northwest for an additional 85 meters where it terminates at the edge of a pahoehoe flow (Figure 47). The Feature E extends off Feature D 13.0 meters south of its northwestern end. This segment is 39 meters long, oriented in a roughly west-northwest by east-southeast direction (Figure 48). The seaward end also terminates along the edge of the pahoehoe flow in this area. Feature F is a collapsed stone cairn located along the southwest side of the Feature C trail, 17.0 meters southeast of its seaward end (Figure 49). It is 0.6 meters long (north-south), 0.35 meter wide and 0.4 meters high, built of a‘ā cobbles piled one to three courses high (Figure 50). Rosendahl (1972) noted a cairn near the junction of the two trails previously identified in this area (currently Features A and B); however, this was not noted by Donham (1987) or during the current project. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 49 Figure 43. Site 26871, Feature A trail (view to northwest). Figure 44. Close up of Feature A trail showing worn stones (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 50 Figure 45. Site 26871, Feature B trail (view to southeast). Figure 46. Site 26871, Feature C trail (view to northwest). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 51 Figure 47. Site 26871, Feature D trail (view to southeast). Figure 48. Site 26871, Feature E trail (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 52 Figure 49. Site 26871, Feature C trail and Feature F cairn (view to west). Figure 50. Site 26871, Feature F cairn (view to west-southwest). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 53 Site 26871 is interpreted as a complex of transportation features with an associated marker feature used as a means of traversing the uneven a‘ā lava flow. This is based on the feature’s formal type and appearance. The minimal modifications of the trail segments suggest this is not a major transportation routes but rather was used by coastal residents to access resources. This trail network appears to be associated with the Site 31230 trail system located to the west, on the seaward side of an area of pahoehoe lava. Site 26871 is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content). At the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the site is additionally assessed as significant under Criterion e (cultural value). Based on consultation with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the site is recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 54 Site 26872 Site 26872 is a complex of 30 excavations in the western portion of Area 1, just east of the paved maintenance road at approximately 35 feet elevation. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:81) as a complex of an unstated number of quarries located in an area of scaly pahoehoe lava. The examination of the site during the present project indicate the site encompasses an area 38.0 meters long (north-south) and 28.0 meters wide, with no cultural material present (Figure 51). The physical characteristics of the 30 excavations are summarized in Table 4. Table 4. Summary of Site 26872 excavations. The excavations range in length from 0.25 to 9.0 meters (average 1.58 meters), in width from 0.1 to 1.4 meters (0.95 meters) and in depth from 0.1 to 0.95 meters (0.49 meters). Most are irregularly-shaped although several are roughly linear. Of the 30 excavations, 15 contain adjacent spoil piles of stones. These piles range from 0.7 to 7.0 meters long (average 2.11 meters), in width from 0.3 to 1.3 meters (average 0.73 meters) and in height from 0.15 to 0.65 meters (average 0.29 meters). No cultural material was found in association with any of the Site 26872 features. Examples of the excavations are presented in Figure 52 through Figure 55. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) A Raw material procurement 160 100 60 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 160 90 30 B Raw material procurement 140 110 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 120 70 30 C Raw material procurement 320 130 90 Linear Excavated cobbles and pebbles 140 130 65 D Bird acquistion 80 40 50 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles E Raw material procurement 200 45 40 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 70 30 20 F Raw material procurement 130 110 95 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 230 50 30 G Raw material procurement 160 50 45 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 120 40 20 H Bird acquistion 65 40 50 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles I Raw material procurement 120 100 30 Irregular Excavated cobbles 130 60 40 J Bird acquistion 100 80 15 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles K Bird acquistion 60 40 20 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles L Raw material procurement 190 100 65 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 130 45 25 M Bird acquistion 40 15 10 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles N Bird acquistion 45 20 25 Irregular Excavated slabs and cobbles O Bird acquistion 25 20 15 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles P Bird acquistion 75 30 40 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles Q Bird acquistion 80 40 65 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles R Raw material procurement 900 140 60 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 700 50 40 S Raw material procurement 350 30 40 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 300 100 30 T Raw material procurement 100 50 50 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 200 100 20 U Raw material procurement 120 60 70 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 150 50 20 V Bird acquistion 45 40 45 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles W Raw material procurement 100 30 70 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 150 50 20 X Raw material procurement 100 30 60 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 120 120 15 Y Bird acquistion 30 20 30 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles Z Bird acquistion 40 30 60 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles AA Bird acquistion 30 15 45 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles AB Bird acquistion 100 45 60 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles AC Bird acquistion 80 40 50 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles AD Raw material procurement 130 100 40 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 100 100 15 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 55 Figure 51. Site 26872 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 56 Figure 52. Site 26872, Feature B excavation (view to north). Figure 53. Site 26872, Feature E, Feature F and Feature G excavations (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 57 Figure 54. Site 26872, Feature J, Feature K, Feature M and Feature N excavations (view to north-northeast). Figure 55. Site 26872, Feature O excavation (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 58 Site 26872 is interpreted as a complex of quarry features based on formal type and appearance. Of the 30 features, 15 are interpreted as associated with quarrying for raw materials such as scoria or fine grained basalt. The remaining 15 are interpreted excavations associated with obtained nesting birds. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 59 Site 26873 Site 26873 is a complex of 16 features located in the west-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation. The site was initially identified by Rosendahl (1972:72) as a single lava tube (Feature 2019). Donham (1987:84) subsequently examined the site and identified five features comprised of the lava tube (Feature A), an area of excavations (Feature B), a wall (Feature C), a C-shape (Feature D) and an alignment (Feature E). The examination of the site during the present project relocated these five features along with 11 additional features. These consist of four abraded surfaces (Features E1 through E4), a trail (Feature F), and six excavations (Features G and H1 through H5). The site is located in an area of pahoehoe and a‘ā lava 49 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 12 meters wide (Figure 56). Feature A is a lava tube located in a pahoehoe outcrop in the center portion of the site. It is accessed through a vertical opening that is 2.2 meters long (east-west), 0.7 to 1.4 meters wide and 1.8 meters in depth below the surface of the outcrop (Figure 57). This opens onto an irregularly-shaped chamber that is 8.5 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 2.3 to 4.2 meters wide. The description of the interior of the cave from Rosendahl (1972) is presented below: A total floor area of 13 to 14 square meters had been generally cleared of loose stone, which had been piled up along the margin of the cave interior. Gravel fill had been used to level up depressions in the natural bedrock floor. A hearth area with a roughly circular fireplace about 1.5 m in diameter, defined by smooth, large stones was situated in the center of the cave floor and contained a deposit of fine ash. Midden remains, charcoal and more ash had been scattered on the floor around the fireplace, as it had been cleaned out a number of times. At the N end of the cave interior, against the wall we found a small, covered cupboard feature constructed of piled and arched stones. The interior of the cupboard measured 30 by 40 by 50 cm (Rosendahl 1972:72). A plan map of the cave by Rosendahl (1972:71) is presented in Figure 58. This map was examined during the present project and the original internal features had been dismantled. It was also determined that the north area was incorrectly oriented. During the Rosendahl 91972) excavations, a variety of cultural materials were recovered from the site. These include a coral abrader, a basalt flake, fragments of fibrous twine, pieces of modified gourd, and wood, coconut fiber, kukui nutshells, mammal fish and bird bones, a possible fire-starter set comprised of a plow and a piece of grooved wood. The Donham (1987:83) examination of the site also collected urchin fragments, marine shells, a waterworn pebble, a cigarette butt, a wooden match and a leather glove. These materials were not observed during the present project. Feature C is a linear wall located in the eastern portion of the site on top of an area of level pahoehoe lava. It is 2.4 meters long (northwest by southeast), 0.5 meters wide and 0.55 to 0.6 meters high, built of stacked boulders and cobbles with no cultural material present (Figure 59). Feature D is a C-shaped enclosure situated adjacent to Feature C to the west. It is 3.1 meters long (north-south), 1.0 meters wide and 0.35 to 0.4 meters high, open to the west (see Figure 59). The interior of the enclosures is bare lava with no cultural material present. It is built of stacked and piled boulders and cobbles with scattered stones extending to the south. Feature E Is a linear alignment of boulders located 2.2 meters east of the entrance to Feature A on a level pahoehoe outcrop. It is 2.3 meters long (north-south) 0.15 to 0.25 meters wide and 0.2 to 0.3 meters high with no cultural material (Figure 60). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 60 Figure 56. Site 26873 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 61 Figure 57. Entrance to Site 26873, Feature A lava tube (view to northwest). Figure 58. Plan map of Site 26873, Feature A, modified from Rosendahl (1972:71). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 62 Figure 59. Site 26873, Feature C wall and Feature D C-shape (view to north). Figure 60. Site 26873, Feature E alignment and Feature E1 through E4 abraded surfaces (Feature A in background (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 63 Features E-1 through E-4 are abraded surfaces on the bare pahoehoe lava adjacent to Features A and Feature E. These areas range in length from 0.4 to 1.08 meters and in with from 0.15 to 0.56 meters with no cultural material present (see Figure 60). Feature F linear section of trail that extends across an area of a‘ā lava between two pahoehoe outcrop in the western portion of the site. It is 9.2 meters in length (east-northeast by west-southwest) and 0.5 to 0.7 meters wide with a surface of pebbles and cobbles that appeared to have been rounded by foot traffic (Figure 61). No cultural material is present. A total of seven excavations were also identified during the project. These consists of Feature B, a large area of overlapping excavations located to the east and southeast of the entrance to Feature A, Feature G, an irregularly- shaped excavation located at the western end of the site situated against the side of a pahoehoe outcrop, and Features H1 through H5 are excavations into pahoehoe outcrops located at the eastern end of the site. They are all irregular in shape with no cultural material present, and are summarized in Table 5. They range in length from 0.6 to 10.80 meters (average 3.44 meters), in width from 0.4 to 5.50 meters (average 1.3 meters) and in depth from 0.25 to 1.3 meters (average 0.72 meters). Piles of excavated stones are associated with each of these excavations measuring 0.85 to 11.40 meters long (average 3.4), in width from 0.4 to 5.0 meters (average 1.56 meters) and in height from 0.15 to 0.6 meters (average 0.29 meters). Feature B is depicted in Figure 62, Feature G in Figure 63, Features H1 and H2 in Figure 64 and Features H3 through H5 in Figure 65. Table 5. Summary of Site 26873 excavations. Site 26873 is interpreted as a complex of temporary habitation, resource procurement, tool manufacture and transportation features. The Feature A lava tube functioned as a temporary habitation shelter based on formal type and the cultural remains noted inside during past examinations. The Feature C wall and the Feature D C-shape are also assigned temporary habitation function, likely serving as windbreaks. The Feature E alignment is likely also associated with the habitation of the site due to its proximity to the Feature A tube entrance, and the Feature F trail functioned as a transportation route within the complex. The four abraded surfaces served as tool manufacturing loci and the excavations were created during efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria. Site 26873 is unaltered and in fair condition. The site is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content). At the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the site is additionally assessed as significant under Criterion e (cultural value), and is recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) B Raw material procurement 1080 550 90 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 1140 500 60 G Raw material procurement 380 140 60 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 90 50 25 H1 Raw material procurement 150 85 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 120 60 30 H2 Raw material procurement 60 40 130 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 85 80 20 H3 Raw material procurement 100 50 25 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 150 80 15 H4 Raw material procurement 70 55 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 90 40 20 H5 Raw material procurement 120 55 50 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 160 50 20 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 64 Figure 61. Site 26873, Feature F trail (view to west). Figure 62. Site 26873, Feature B excavation (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 65 Figure 63. Site 26873, Feature G excavation (view to northeast). Figure 64. Site 26873, Feature H1 and H2 excavations (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 66 Figure 65. Site 26873, Feature H3 through H5 excavations view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 67 Site 26874 Site 26874 is a complex of 51 features located in the west-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation, 40 meters north of Site 26873. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:84) as a complex of two clusters of excavations (Feature A and Feature C) and a wall (Feature B). The examination of the site during the present project relocated the wall and the two areas of excavations along with a previously unrecorded excavation area (Feature D) and and a cluster of 34 abraded surfaces (Feature E). A total of 47 abraders and abrader fragments were also noted. The site is located in an area of pahoehoe lava surrounded by a‘ā encompassing an area 33 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 22 meters wide (Figure 66). The Site 31230 trail extends through Site 26874, with the Feature A trail ending at the southeast side, Feature B located within the site, and Features C and E extending to the northwest and north-northwest. Feature B is a linear stone wall located in the eastern portion of the site in the area of the Feature E abraded surfaces. It is 3.2 meters long (northwest by southeast), 0.3 to 0.45 meters wide and 0.3 meters high) built of piled boulders and cobbles on bare pahoehoe lava (Figure 67). Numerous abrader and abrader fragments are scattered over the outcrop around the wall (Abraders 1-21; discussed below). Features A, C and D consist of a total of 16 excavations located mostly in the west and central portion of the site. Feature A contains one large excavated area, Feature C contains four, and Feature D is comprised of 11 excavations. The physical characteristic of the excavations are summarized in Table 6. Table 6. Summary of Site 26874 excavations. The excavations range in length from 0.70 to 7.4 meters (average 2.16 meters), in width from 0.30 to 1.5 meters (0.76 meters) and in depth from 0.2 to 1.15 meters (0.46 meters). Most are irregularly-shaped although several (Features A, C1 and D9) are roughly linear. Of the 16 excavations, 14 contain adjacent spoil piles of stones. These piles range from 1.23 to 11.4 meters long (average 4.25 meters), in width from 0.47 to 2.4 meters (average 1.3 meters) and in height from 0.2 to 0.6 meters (average 0.4 meters). Examples of the excavations are presented in Figure 68 through Figure 71. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) A Raw material procurement 740 80 115 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 930 250 60 C1 Raw material procurement 75 30 40 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 123 47 25 C2 Raw material procurement 95 39 35 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 254 175 55 C3 Raw material procurement 108 58 30 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 142 78 35 C4 Raw material procurement 97 49 25 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 200 75 40 D1 Raw material procurement 220 120 48 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 190 60 30 D2 Raw material procurement 100 80 45 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D3 Raw material procurement 170 110 45 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D4 Raw material procurement 70 60 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D5 Raw material procurement 370 150 35 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D6 Raw material procurement 80 50 30 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D7 Raw material procurement 90 80 55 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D8 Raw material procurement 180 60 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 254 103 30 D9 Raw material procurement 400 40 60 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 470 99 50 D10 Raw material procurement 140 100 30 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles D11 Raw material procurement 150 80 20 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles 133 80 20 1140 270 50 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 68 Figure 66. Site 26874 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 69 Figure 67. Site 26874, Feature B wall and Feature E abraded surfaces (view to northeast). Figure 68. Site 26874, Feature A excavation (view to southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 70 Figure 69. Site 26874, Feature D1 excavation (view to north). Figure 70. Site 26874, Feature D3, D4 and D5 (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 71 Figure 71. Site 26874, Feature D8 and D9 excavations (view to north). Feature E is a concentration of 34 abraded surfaces located in the eastern portion of the site. These features are summarized in Table 7. They vary in length from 0.43 to 3.1 meters (average 1.05 meters) and in width from 0.19 to 1.93 meters (average 0.6 meters). Examples of these abraded surfaces are depicted in Figure 67, Figure 72, Figure 73, and Figure 74. A total of 47 scoria abrader or abrader fragments are present on the surface of the pahoehoe outcrop, in close proximity to the Feature E abraded surfaces. These abraders were not collected; however their physical characteristics are presented in Table 8. They range in length from 3 to 28 cm (average 10.8 cm), in width from 2 to 19 cm (average 7.5 cm), and in thickness from 1.5 to 7 cm (average 4.1 cm). No other cultural material is present. Site 26874 is interpreted as a complex of temporary habitation, resource procurement, and tool manufacture. The Feature B wall is interpreted as possible temporary habitation feature which may have served as a windbreak, based on formal type. The 34 abraded surfaces served as tool manufacturing loci and the 16 excavations were created during efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 72 Table 7. Summary of Site 26874, Feature E abraded surfaces. Figure 72. Site 26874, Feature E10 through E13 (view to east). Feature Length (cm)Width (cm)Shape Feature Length (cm)Width (cm)Shape E1 116 19 Linear E18 172 146 Irregular E2 66 25 Oval E19 190 89 Irregular E3 77 27 Irregular E20 67 40 Oval E4 43 30 Oval E21 56 26 Linear E5 48 28 Oval E22 219 135 Oval E6 126 43 Linear E23 68 49 Oval E7 81 47 Oval E24 65 43 Oval E8 64 40 Oval E25 117 70 Oval E9 72 36 Oval E26 248 109 Irregular E10 100 37 Linear E27 58 50 Irregular E11 64 37 Oval E28 241 130 Irregular E12 56 36 Oval E29 92 57 Irregular E13 50 32 Oval E30 52 38 Oval E14 77 38 Linear E31 67 67 Circular E15 103 49 Irregular E32 59 41 Oval E16 56 37 Oval E33 68 44 Oval E17 310 193 Irregular E34 98 63 Irregular W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 73 Figure 73. Site 26874, Feature E14 through E16 (view to east). Figure 74. Site 26874, Feature E18, E19 and E22 (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 74 Table 8. Summary of Site 26874 abraders. No.Type Length (cm)Width (cm) Thickness (cm) Abraded facets 1 Abrader 14 7 3.5 1 2 Abrader 9.5 4 4 1 3 Abrader 14 11 3.5 1 4 Abrader 9 7 2 4 5 Abrader 18 11.5 3 1 6 Abrader 8 5.5 2 1 7 Abrader 3.5 2 3.5 1 8 Abrader 14.5 11.5 3.5 1 9 Abrader 9 5 3 1 10 Abrader 8 7.5 5 1 11 Abrader 8 6.5 2 1 12 Abrader 15.5 9 5.5 1 13 Abrader 14.5 9.5 7 1 14 Abrader 14 13 6.5 1 15 Abrader fragment 17 9 3.5 2 16 Abrader fragment 16.5 9.5 3.5 2 17 Abrader fragment 6.5 4 4 1 18 Abrader fragment 18 17 6 1 19 Abrader fragment 15 10 6 1 20 Abrader 14 9 7 1 21 Abrader 9 5.5 2.5 1 22 Abrader 8.5 5 6 1 23 Abrader fragment 6.5 5 5 3 24 Abrader fragment 6.5 6 5.5 3 25 Abrader fragment 8 5 4 2 26 Abrader fragment 4.5 3 3.5 2 27 Abrader 4.5 4 3 1 28 Abrader fragment 15 8 6 1 29 Abrader fragment 6.5 5 5.5 1 30 Abrader fragment 11.5 5.5 6 1 31 Abrader 11 10 3.5 1 32 Abrader 7.5 6.5 5.5 1 33 Abrader 10 8 3 2 34 Abrader 5.5 4 3 3 35 Abrader 3.5 2.5 1.5 3 36 Abrader 6.5 5.5 2.5 2 37 Abrader 10.5 8 3 4 38 Abrader 3 2.5 4.5 1 39 Abrader 4.5 3.5 3.5 3 40 Abrader 6 4 4 3 41 Abrader 7.5 4 3.5 2 42 Abrader 3.5 3 2.5 4 43 Abrader 28 15 6 2 44 Abrader 19 17 4 1 45 Abrader 27 19 4 1 46 Abrader fragment 14 10 3.5 2 47 Abrader fragment 9 6 4 3 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 75 Site 26875 Site 26875 is a small lava blister located in the west-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:85) and is comprised of blister in an area of pahoehoe lava. The entrance to the blister faces west and is 1.6 meters wide and 0.7 meters in height (Figure 75). This opens onto an oval-shaped chamber that is 2.6 meters long (north-south) and 1.3 to 1.4 meters wide. The floor is bare lava and the ceiling heights range from 0.55 meters in the center to 0.1 meters around the edges. The area outside the entrance has been excavated in an area 1.0 to 1.65 meters long (north-south) and 0.2 to 1.2 meters wide. The floor of the excavation is boulder and cobble rubble that is 0.3 to 0.5 meters below the surface of the pahoehoe lava. No cultural material is present at the site. Site 26875 is interpreted as a resource procurement site based on the excavated material outside the blister entrance. No evidence of habitation within the blister is present. The site is likely associated with quarrying for raw materials such as scoria or fine grained basalt. It is unaltered and in fair condition. The site assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. Figure 75. Site 26875 plan map and photograph. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 76 Site 26876 Site 26876 is a complex of 16 features located in the north-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation. The site is located on and adjacent to a pahoehoe lava flow surrounded by a‘ā lava. The site was initially identified by Ching (1971:188) as Feature 1244 and subsequently by Rosendahl (1972:68) as Feature 1376. Donham (1987:85) relocated the site and identified a wall and a cairn (Feature A), an excavation in the surface of the pahoehoe outcrop (Feature C) and two excavations at the interface between the pahoehoe lava and the surrounding a‘ā lava (Feature B and Feature D) Donham noted a basalt hammerstone and scoria abraders on the surface of the site, but these were not present during the present project. The examination of the site during the present project indicates it encompasses an area 31 meters long (east-west) and 28 meters wide (Figure 76). The project relocated Features A, B and C, along with a newly identified trail (Feature E). A total of 11 excavations present along the interface between the pahoehoe and a‘ā lava were also identified, designated as Features D1 through D11. Feature A1 is a linear wall located at the northern end of the pahoehoe flow. It is 3.2 meters long (north-south) and 1.25 meters wide, built of roughly stacked and piled boulders and cobbles. It is 0.75 meters high in the center, sloping down to 0.3 meters at the ends (Figure 77). No cultural material is present on the feature; however, Rosendahl (1972:68) collected 15 volcanic glass flakes, fragments of marine shell and charcoal from around the feature. Feature A2 is a mounded located 4.7 meters west of Feature A1. It is 1.55 meters long (north-south), 1.4 meters wide and 0.2 to 0.5 meters high, built of stacked and piled boulders and cobbles (see Figure 77). The feature is generally collapsed; however, Rosendahl roughly rectangular, piled stone cairn, suggesting it was once more formally constructed. A hole is present in the center of the pile. No cultural material is present. Features B, C and D consist of 13 excavations located throughout the site (Figure 78 through Figure 82). Of these 13 excavation, one consists of vertical hole in the pahoehoe outcrop (Feature C), with the remainder located along the interface between the pahoehoe and a‘ā lava flow. The physical characteristic of the 13 excavations are summarized in Table 9. They range in length from 1.43 to 5.6 meters (average 2.82 meters), in width from 0.83 to 2.3 meters (average 1.57 meters) and in depth from 0.35 to 1.0 meters (average 0.69 meters). Spoil piles of excavated boulders and cobbles are associated with each of the excavations, ranging in length from 1.3 to 3.3 meters (average 2.05 meters), in width from 0.45 to 1.1 meters (average 0.74 meters) and in height from 0.21 to 0.6 meters (average 0.43 meters). Table 9. Summary of Site 26876 excavations. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) B Raw material procurement 180 150 60 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 130 48 35 C Raw material procurement 179 83 50 Oval Excavated boulders and cobbles 145 73 20 D1 Raw material procurement 320 135 35 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 330 85 30 D2 Raw material procurement 560 210 60 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface D3 Raw material procurement 330 210 80 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface D4 Raw material procurement 210 110 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 200 45 40 D5 Raw material procurement 145 128 90 Oval Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 175 51 60 D6 Raw material procurement 140 95 90 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 130 65 30 D7 Raw material procurement 390 200 100 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface D8 Raw material procurement 330 222 50 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface D9 Raw material procurement 260 150 90 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 310 60 50 D10 Raw material procurement 230 125 90 Oval Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 208 65 60 D11 Raw material procurement 250 230 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 195 92 60 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction 210 110 30 170 110 60 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 77 Figure 76. Site 26876 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 78 Figure 77. Site 26876, Feature A wall and Feature A2 cairn (view to west). Figure 78. Site 26876, Feature B excavation (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 79 Figure 79. Site 26876, Feature C excavation (view to northwest). Figure 80. Site 26876, Feature D2 excavation (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 80 Figure 81. Site 26876, Feature D3 excavation (view to northwest). Figure 82. Site 26876, Feature D7 and D8 excavations (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 81 The features along the perimeter of the pahoehoe outcrop are comprised of excavated areas with roughly leveled surfaces. No cultural material was noted at any of the excavations; however Rosendahl (1972:72) recovered a single piece of volcanic glass from the surface of Feature B. Rosendahl (ibid.) also excavated several of these level areas and dismantled some of the wall, recovered fragments of marine shell and waterworn coral. Feature E is a T-shaped trail located at the southwestern end of the site. It originates at the western edge of the pahoehoe flow and extends 4.9 meters to the northwest across an area of a‘ā. This trail ends at a northeast by southwest section that is 5.1 meters long. The trail is 0.35 to 1.0 meters wide and consists of linear paths through the a‘ā lava with cobbles and pebbles on the surface worn by foot traffic (Figure 83). No cultural material is present. Figure 83. Site 26876, Feature D11 and Feature E trail (view to northwest). Site 26876 is interpreted as a temporary habitation, resource procurement and transportation complex. The Feature A wall is interpreted as temporary habitation feature which may have served as a windbreak, based on formal type. The adjacent Feature A2 mound is likely also associated with the temporary habitation of the site. Previous work by Walker and Haun (1987) in Kahuku Ahupua‘a in the Kau District identified 52 pairs of C-shaped, slightly curved or linear walls and associated cairns: Such pairs are usually found along trails or near quarried areas a moderate distance from the coast. C-shaped or curved walls usually are open to the southwest with the cairn positioned 4 to 5 m. to the southwest. The cairns generally have a central hole presumably designed to support a post, which in turn supported some kind of superstructure. (Walker and Haun 1987:16) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 82 Figure 84 depicts an example of the paired C-shape and associated cairn features noted by Walker and Haun (1987). This configuration is nearly identical to the positons of Features A1 and A2, although Feature A2 is located west of Feature A1 as opposed to the southwest. This suggests that a roofed structure likely spanned these two features and was likely associated with the quarrying activity at the site and in the nearby vicinity. Three other sites in the project area (Sites 26877, 26878 and 31233 also contain similar paired features. Figure 84. C-shape and cairn configuration noted by Walker and Haun (1987:22) at Kahuku. The remaining features of the site consist of resource procurement features and a trail. The 13 excavations were created during efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria and the Feature E trail was used by occupants of the site to navigate the surrounding terrain. Site 26876 is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 83 Site 26877 Site 26877 is a complex of 14 features located in the north-central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation, adjacent to Site 26876 to the east. The site is located on and adjacent to a pahoehoe lava flow surrounded by a‘ā lava. The site was initially identified by Ching (1971:188) as Feature 1244 and subsequently by Rosendahl (1972:68) as Feature 1375. Donham (1987:87) relocated the site and identified a C-shape (Feature A), a cairn (Feature B), and an area of excavations designated as Feature C. The examination of the site during the present project indicates it encompasses an area 53 meters long (west-northwest by east-southeast) and 22 meters wide (Figure 85). The project relocated Features A, B and C, along with a newly identified lava blister (Feature D) and a pile of excavated material (Feature E). A total of ten excavations were present at Feature C, designated as Features C1 through C10. Feature A is a C-shaped enclosure located at the southern end on the surface of the level pahoehoe flow. It is 4.8 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast) and 1.8 meters wide, open to the west (Figure 86). The enclosure wall is built of stacked pahoehoe boulders, cobbles and slabs, and is 0.65 to 0.8 meters wide and 0.5 meters high, sloping down to 0.3 meters at the ends. Rosendahl (1972:68) collected a basalt hammerstone and two scoria abraders from Feature A. A cowrie shell is located 2.4 meters west of the feature, Feature B is a cairn located 3.4 meters west of the south end of Feature A. It is roughly oval-shaped and is 1.55 meters long (east-west), 1.35 meters wide and 0.6 meters high, built of roughly stacked pahoehoe boulders and cobbles (Figure 87). A hole is present in the center of the pile. No cultural material is present. Feature C is a complex of ten excavations scattered throughout the site complex. Of these ten excavations, one consists of vertical hole in the pahoehoe outcrop (Feature C4), with the remainder located along the interface between the pahoehoe and a‘ā lava flow. The physical characteristic of the ten excavations are summarized in Table 10. The excavations range in length from 1.28 to 7.2 meters (average 3.21 meters), in width from 0.75 to 3.05 meters (average 1.73 meters) and in depth from 0.40 to 0.95 meters (average 0.74 meters). Spoil piles of excavated boulders and cobbles are associated with ten of the excavations (excluding Feature C2). The piles vary in length from 0.97 to 3.3 meters (average 1.74 meters), in width from 0.4 to 3.2 meters (average 1.08 meters) and in height from 0.25 to 0.8 meters (average 0.4 meters). No cultural material is present. Examples of the Feature C excavations are depicted in Figure 88 through Figure 91. Table 10. Summary of Site 26877, Feature C excavations. Feature D is a small lava blister present at the northwest end of the site. The entrance faces the southwest and is 1.3 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 0.8 meters high (Figure 92). The interior is 1.77 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 0.75 to 1.3 meters wide. The interior has been excavated and contains scattered Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) C1 Raw material procurement 320 305 40 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 195 65 80 C2 Raw material procurement 185 140 80 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface C3 Raw material procurement 190 110 80 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 145 90 30 C4 Raw material procurement 128 75 55 Oval Excavated boulders and cobbles 97 40 25 C5 Raw material procurement 300 300 80 Square Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 330 320 65 C6 Raw material procurement 150 85 80 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 175 75 30 C7 Raw material procurement 260 145 90 Rectangular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 145 60 25 C8 Raw material procurement 720 205 80 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 120 70 30 C9 Raw material procurement 340 160 70 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 125 55 30 C10 Raw material procurement 410 170 95 Irregular Excavated boulders and cobbles with leveled surface 150 55 25 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 84 Figure 85. Site 26877 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 85 Figure 86. Site 26877, Feature A C-shape (view to east). Figure 87. Site 26877, Feature B cairn (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 86 Figure 88. Site 26877, Feature C-3 excavation (view to southwest). Figure 89. Site 26877, Feature C4 excavation (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 87 Figure 90. Site 26877, Feature C5 (view to northeast). Figure 91. Site 26877, Feature C9 (view to southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 88 Cobbles and pebbles with no cultural material. A piled of material removed from inside the blister is located to the southwest of the entrance. Feature E is a pile of scoria boulders and cobbles located 7.75 meters north-northeast of Feature A. It is linear in shape and is 2.4 meters long (north-south), 0.75 meters wide and 0.3 meters high, comprised of piled material likely removed from the nearby Feature C excavations (Figure 93). No cultural material is present. Site 26877 is interpreted as a temporary habitation and resource procurement complex. The Feature A C-shape is interpreted as temporary habitation feature which may have served as a windbreak, based on formal type. The nearby Feature B cairn likely served as an associated support for a wooden superstructure similar to those noted by Walker and Haun (1987) in Kahuku Ahupua‘a, and at Sites 26876, 26878 and 31233 within the current project area. The ten Feature C excavations and the Feature D lava blister are associated with efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria. The Feature E mound likely represents a stockpile of the excavated material. Site 26876 is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 89 Figure 92. Site 26877, Feature D lava blister (view to northeast). Figure 93. Site 26877, Feature E mound (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 90 Site 26878 Site 26878 is a complex of 13 features located in the northwestern portion of Area 1 at approximately 35 feet elevation in an area of pahoehoe lava. The site was initially identified by Donham (1987:88) as a complex comprised of a wall (Feature A) and two widely scattered areas of excavations Features B and C). These feature were relocated during the present project, with five excavations (Features B1, B2, B4 and B5) and a small mound (Feature B3) at Feature B and five excavations at Features C (Features C1 through C5). The site encompasses an area 50 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 25 meters wide (Figure 94). Feature A is a slightly C-shaped wall located in the southern portion of the site. It is 2.85 meters long (north-south) and 0.8 to 0.92 meters wide built of stacked boulders and cobbles, 0.35 to 0.6 meters high (Figure 95). A waterworn basalt cobble is located adjacent to the structure to the south. Feature D is a small irregularly-shaped mound of boulders and cobbles that is 2.3 meters to the west of Feature A. It is 1.3 meters long (east-west), 0.5 meters wide and 0.2 meters high built on bare pahoehoe lava with no cultural material present (see Figure 95). Features B is a concentration of five excavations and a small mound located 7.0 meters to the north of Feature A, and Feature C is a concentration of the five excavations 19.0 meters west of Feature A. These features are summarized in Table 11. The excavations consist of holes in the pahoehoe outcrop that range in length from 0.5 to 3.25 meters (average 1.19 meters), in width from 0.2 to 1.2 meters (average 0.5 meters) and in depth from 0.15 to 0.45 meters (average 0.33 meters). Spoil piles of excavated boulders and cobbles are associated with nine of the ten excavations, ranging in length from 0.7 to 1.5 meters (average 1.18 meters), in width from 0.3 to 1.2 meters (average 0.63 meters) and in height from 0.10 to 0.3 meters (average 0.19 meters). The Feature B3 mound appears to represent a small stockpile of excavation scoria material. No cultural is present at Features B and C. Examples of these features are presented in Figure 96 through Figure 98. Table 11. Summary of Site 26878 excavations and mound Site 26878 is interpreted as a temporary habitation and resource procurement complex. The Feature A C-shape is interpreted as temporary habitation feature which may have served as a windbreak, based on formal type. The nearby Feature mound potentially once functioned as an associated support for a wooden superstructure similar to those noted by Walker and Haun (1987) in Kahuku Ahupua‘a, and at Sites 26877, 26878 and 31233 within the current project area. Length (cm) Width (cm) Depth (cm) Length (cm) Width (cm) Height (cm) B1 Bird acquistion 150 120 40 Irregular Excavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles 140 40 20 B2 Raw material procurement 95 40 15 Oval Excavated cobbles and pebbles 140 65 15 B3 Material Stockpile 60 30 25 Irregular Piled boulders and cobbles B4 Raw material procurement 200 20 40 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 80 50 20 B5 Raw material procurement 325 100 40 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 100 100 30 B6 Raw material procurement 50 40 40 Irregular Excavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles 120 120 10 C1 Bird acquistion 100 45 35 Linear Excavated boulders and cobbles 150 40 30 C2 Bird acquistion 75 35 45 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 130 60 15 C3 Bird acquistion 50 30 30 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles C4 Bird acquistion 60 30 20 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 130 30 15 C5 Bird acquistion 85 40 25 Irregular Excavated cobbles and pebbles 70 60 15 Spoil pile dimensions Feature Function Excavation dimensions Shape Construction W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 91 Figure 94. Site 26878 plan map W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 92 Figure 95. Site 26878, Feature A C-shape and Feature D mound (view to north) Figure 96. Site 26878, Feature B1 excavation (view to east) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 93 Figure 97. Site 26878, Features C3 through C-5 excavations 9view to northeast) Figure 98. Site 26878, Feature B3 mound (view to north) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 94 Features B1, and C1 through C5 are interpreted as being associated with obtained nesting birds based on formal; type and appearance. The remaining Feature B excavations likely are associated with efforts to obtain raw materials, probably scoria. The Feature B3 mound likely represents a stockpile of the excavated material. Site 26878 is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 95 Site 31230 Site 31230 is a complex of six trail segments (Features A-F) located in the west-central portion of Area 1. This trail system is discontinuous, separated by a large area of easily traversable pahoehoe lava that contains the previously discussed Site 26874 (see Figure 66). The trail segments total 222.5 linear meters in length and an encompasses an area 160.0 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 45.0 meters wide, between approximately 30 and 35 feet elevation (see Figure 32). Site 31230 was newly identified during the present project. The Feature A and Feature C through F trails are similar in construction, consisting of linear paths through areas of a‘ā lava with cobbles and pebbles on the surface worn by foot traffic. These trail segments range from 0.3 to 1.0 meters wide and contain no cultural material. The Feature D trail is comprised of cobbles and boulders placed in a low spot in a pahoehoe outcrop containing the Site 26874 complex. Feature A is a linear trail located in the eastern portion of the site. It originates at the western end of a pahoehoe outcrop, approximately 56.0 meters north-northeast of the western end of the Site 26871, Feature E trail (see Figure 32). It extends to the northwest for 61.0 meters where it terminates at an area of pahoehoe lava that contains the previously discussed Site 26874 complex (see Figure 66 and Figure 99). Feature B is a short section of trail located on a bare pahoehoe outcrop within the Site 26874 complex (see Figure 66). This trail is 1.5 meters long (northwest by southeast) and 1.0 meters wide, comprised of relatively level boulders and cobbles placed in a low spot in the pahoehoe outcrop. Feature C originates along the northwest side of the pahoehoe flow at Site 26874 (see Figure 66) and extends 33.0 meters to the northwest where it terminates at an area of pahoehoe lava (Figure 100). The Feature D trail continues on the northwest side of this outcrop for 35 meters (Figure 101) where it has been truncated by the construction of the maintenance road. The Feature E trail originates against the pahoehoe outcrop containing Site 26874, located 2.0 meters east of the Feature C trail (see Figure 66). It extends 27.0 meters to the north-northwest where it terminates in another area of scaly pahoehoe. A probable extension of the Feature E trail continues through the scaly pahoehoe for an additional 45.0 meters, although it is poorly defined and ephemeral, consisting of spots of wear on the surface pahoehoe that appears to pre-date evidence of mechanical disturbance (Figure 102 and Figure 103). Feature F is a poorly defined section of trail that extends across an area of scaly pahoehoe adjacent to Feature E to the north, observed by Rick Gmirkin of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program. The southern end originates 3.0 meters north of Feature E and extends 20 meters to the north-northwest. This possible alignment is very difficult to discern due to mechanical disturbance in the area. An overview of the Feature F possible trail is depicted in Figure 103. Site 31230 is interpreted as a complex of transportation features used to traverse the uneven a‘ā lava in this area. This is based on the feature’s formal type and appearance. The minimal modifications of the trail segments suggest this is not a major transportation routes but rather was used by coastal residents to access resources. This trail network appears to be associated with the Site 26871 trail system located to the east, on the inland side of an area of pahoehoe lava. Site 31230 is unaltered and in fair condition. The site is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content). At the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the site is additionally assessed as significant under Criterion e (cultural value). Based on consultation with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Features A-D and the well-defined portions of Feature E are recommended for preservation. The remainder of Feature E will be memorialized as a series of dots or markers across the landscaped and paved parking area. The ephemeral Feature F possible trail is not recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 96 Figure 99. Site 31230, Feature A trail (view to east-southeast). Figure 100. Site 31230, Feature C trail (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 97 Figure 101. Site 31230, Feature D trail (view to southeast). Figure 102. Site 31230, Feature E trail (view to south). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 98 Figure 103. Site 31230, Feature E and Feature F trail (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 99 Site 31231 Site 31231 is a complex of two features located in the southeastern portion of Area 1 at approximately 38 feet elevation. The site is comprised of an excavation (Feature A) and an abraded surface (Feature B) located on an isolated pahoehoe outcrop in an a‘ā lava flow, identified during the present project (Figure 104 and Figure 105). The outcrop is irregularly shaped and is 8.5 meters long (north-south), 0.4 to 3.0 meters wide and 0.2 to 0.3 meters high. The Feature A excavation is located on the eastern side of the outcrop. It is irregular in shape and is 1.8 meters long (north-northwest by south-southeast), 0.3 to 0.55 meters wide and 0.3 to 0.38 meters deep. A pile of excavated boulders and cobbles is located adjacent to the excavation to the east. Feature B is an abraded surface located on the surface of the pahoehoe outcrop adjacent to Feature A to the southwest. The overall dimensions of the feature are 1.45 meters long (north-northeast by south-southwest) and 0.2 to 0.8 meters wide; however, there is a shallow abraded basin along the west side that is 0.55 meters long, 0.16 to 0.49 meters wide and 0.02 to 0.03 meters deep). A total of 14 scoria abrader or abrader fragments are present on the surface of the pahoehoe outcrop. These abraders were not collected; however their physical characteristics are presented in Table 12. They range in length from 3.5 to 16 cm (average 9.8 cm), in width from 3 to 13 cm (average 7.3 cm), and in thickness from 2.5 to 5 cm (average 3.3 cm). No other cultural material is present. Table 12. Summary of Site 31231 abraders. Site 31231 is interpreted as a resource procurement and tool manufacture site based on the presence of the excavation and the abraded surface. The 14 scoria abraders on the surface of the site were likely excavated from Feature A and ground on the Feature B surface. It is unaltered and in fair condition. The site assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. No.Type Length (cm) Width (cm) Thickness (cm) Abraded facets 1 Abrader 16 13 3.5 1 2 Abrader 10 9.5 3 4 3 Abrader 12 6 4 1 4 Abrader 11 7 3 1 5 Abrader fragment 3.5 3 4 1 6 Abrader fragment 4 4 3 1 7 Abrader 12 11 5 1 8 Abrader 13.5 8 2.5 1 9 Abrader 12 10 3 1 10 Abrader fragment 7.5 5.5 2.5 3 11 Abrader fragment 9.5 7.5 2.5 3 12 Abrader fragment 4.5 3.5 2.5 1 13 Abrader 14 8 3 1 14 Abrader 8.5 6 4 1 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 100 Figure 104. Site 31231 site map. Figure 105. Overview of Site 31231 (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 101 Site 31232 Site 31232 is a complex of two features located in the southeastern portion of Area 1 at approximately 40 feet elevation. The site is located southeast of Site 26869 and west of Site 31231 and was identified during the present project. The site consists of two areas of pahoehoe lava surrounded by a‘ā lava, designated as Features A and B (Figure 106). The site encompasses an overall area 24 meters long (north-south) and 16 meters wide. Each of the pahoehoe areas contain abraded surfaces and scattered scoria abraders. Feature A is located at the southern end of the site. This pahoehoe area is irregularly-shaped and is 8.9 meters long (northeast by southwest) and 5.8 to 7.4 meters wide. It contains seven abraded surfaces (Features A1 through A7) and 29 abraders or abrader fragments. Feature B is situated 2.0 meters northwest of Feature A. It is also irregularly-shaped and is 14.0 meters long (north- south) and 2.5 to 6.7 meters wide. It contains three abraded surfaces (Features B1 through B3) and ten abrader or abrader fragments. The physical characteristics of the ten abraded surfaces at Site 31232 are summarized in Table 13. These features range in length from 0.26 to 0.69 meters (average 0.46 meters) and in width from 0.08 to 0.46 meters (average 0.24 meters). Examples of these abraded surfaces are depicted in Figure 107 and Figure 108. Table 13. Summary of Site 31232 abraded surfaces. A total of 39 scoria abrader or abrader fragments are present on the surface of the Feature A and B pahoehoe outcrop. These abraders were not collected; however their physical characteristics are presented in Table 14. They range in length from 4 to 18 cm (average 9.6 cm), in width from 3 to 13 cm (average 6.7 cm), and in thickness from 1.5 to 8 cm (average 3.3 cm). No other cultural material is present. Site 31232 is interpreted as a tool manufacture loci with the abraded surfaces used to create scoria abraders. The source of the abrader material may have been from the nearby Site 26869 complex located 15 meters to the northwest. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. Feature Length (cm) Width (cm)Shape A1 57 8 Linear A2 27 14 Oval A3 53 35 Oval A4 54 46 Linear A5 42 33 Oval A6 32 18 Irregular A7 57 27 Oval B1 69 15 Irregular B2 26 21 Oval B3 46 23 Irregular W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 102 Figure 106. Site 31232 plan map. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 103 Figure 107. Site 31232, Feature A3 through A5 abraded surfaces (view to southwest). Figure 108. Site 31232, Feature B1 through B3 abraded surfaces (view to south-southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 104 Table 14. Summary of Site 31232 abraders. No.Type Length (cm) Width (cm) Thickness (cm) Abraded facets 1 Abrader 11 8 5.5 1 2 Abrader 13 8 2 1 3 Abrader 5 4 5 1 4 Abrader 6 5 4.5 1 5 Abrader 4 3 1.5 1 6 Abrader 7 3 2 1 7 Abrader 5 4 3 1 8 Abrader 7 6 4 1 9 Abrader 6 3 4 1 10 Abrader 15 10 2 1 11 Abrader fragment 6 5 3.5 1 12 Abrader fragment 8 4 3 1 13 Abrader fragment 11 6 3.5 1 14 Abrader fragment 14 7 3.5 1 15 Abrader 9 6 4 1 16 Abrader 6 3 3 3 17 Abrader fragment 7 7 2 2 18 Abrader fragment 6 5 2 1 19 Abrader fragment 18 9 8 2 20 Abrader 14 12 5 2 21 Abrader 9 5 2 3 22 Abrader 6 6 3 1 23 Abrader 12 6.5 2 1 24 Abrader 12 10 2 1 25 Abrader fragment 13 10 6 2 26 Abrader 8 7 2 1 27 Abrader 7 6 2 1 28 Abrader 15 9 3 1 29 Abrader 13 11 4 2 1 Abrader 17.5 13 3.5 1 2 Abrader 9 4.5 2.5 3 3 Abrader 8.5 5.5 5.5 2 4 Abrader 14 12 3.5 1 5 Abrader fragment 9 8 3 1 6 Abrader fragment 10 8 2.5 1 7 Abrader fragment 7 6 3 1 8 Abrader 9 6 3 1 9 Abrader 6 5 1.5 1 10 Abrader 9 6 3.5 2 Feature A Feature B W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 105 Site 31233 Site 31233 is a complex of three features located in the central portion of Area 1 at approximately 30 feet elevation. The features consist of a wall (Feature A), and two possible collapsed cair4ns (Features B and C) located in an area 6.5 meters long (east-west) by 5.3 meters wide (Figure 109). The site is located in an area of pahoehoe lava and was identified during the present project. No cultural material is present at the site. Figure 109. Site 31233 plan map. Feature A is a slightly curved wall located in the eastern portion of the site. It is 2.0 meters long (north-south) and 0.4 to 0.75 meters wide built of stacked boulders, cobbles and slabs (Figure 110). It is 0.7 to 0.75 meters high in the center, sloping down to 0.2 meters at the end. Feature B is a small cairn located 4.5 meters west of Feature A. It is roughly circular in shape and is 1.0 meters long (north-south) and 0.95 meters wide, built of stacked boulders and cobbles (Figure 111). It is 0.45 to 0.6 meters high with collapsed areas along the east and southwest sides. There is a hole in the center of the feature that extends down to the pahoehoe outcrop (Figure 112). Feature C is the possible remnants of a collapsed cairn situated 3.0 meters northeast of Feature B. It is linear in shape and is 1.8 meters long (north-south) 0.6 to 0.85 meters wide and 0.35 to 0.4 meters high, built of piled boulders and cobbles (Figure 113). Site 31233 is interpreted is interpreted as a complex of temporary habitation. The Feature A wall potentially served as temporary windbreak or shelter based on its formal type and appearance. Features B and C are interpreted as possible cairns based on the presence of the hole in Feature B which may have supported a post, similar to those seen in Kahuku Ahupua‘a by Walker and Haun (1987) and at Sites 26876, 26877 and 26878 in the present project area. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 106 Figure 110. Site 31233, Feature A wall (view to east). Figure 111. Site 31233, Feature B cairn (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 107 Figure 112. Hole in center of Feature B (view to north). Figure 113. Site 31233, Feature C collapsed cairn (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 108 Site 31234 Site 31234 is a complex of 240 features scattered throughout Areas 1, 2 and 3. These features were designated as elements of a single complex because they are all related to the procurement natural resources and are not associated with other functional feature types. The vast majority of these features are located in Area 1 (n=28) with one located in Area 2 (Feature 239) and one in Area 3 (Feature 240). The paucity of the features in these areas and elsewhere in the project area is attributed to the prior golf course disturbance and the preponderance of a‘ā lava. The 240 features consist of 215 excavations, 17 mounds, and eight areas of battered pahoehoe. The location of these features is shown in Figure 114 and their physical characteristics are presented in Appendix A. Excavations The 214 excavations consists of 156 interpreted as being created during efforts to obtain raw materials such scoria or potentially fine-grained grained basalt, and 58 interpreted associated with the collection of nesting sea birds. The 156 raw material excavations range in length from 0.2 to 12.2 meters (average 1.76 meters), in width from 0.15 to 4.5 meters (average 0.9 meters) and in depth from 0.05 to 1.20 meters (average 0.43 meters). The majority of these excavations are irregularly-- shaped (137) and the remainder are roughly linear. Of these 156 excavations, 109 have adjacent spoil piles containing debris removed during the excavation. These are 0.3 to 4.0 meters long (average 1.48 meters), 0.2 to 1.7 meters wide (average 0.73 meters) and 0.1 to 0.5 meters high (average 0.23 meters). Scattered scoria stones are generally present in association with the features. Examples of these features are depicted in Figure 115 and Figure 118. The 58 excavations associated with bird collecting are generally smaller that the raw material excavations and the interiors have been cleared of rubble. Several of these excavations contain gastroliths or calcified bird gizzards. These excavations range in length from 0.25 to 2.0 meters (average 0.86 meters), in width from 0.1 to 1.2 meters (average 0.41meters) and in depth from 0.1 to 1.0 meters (average 0.37 meters). These features are irregularly-shaped and 27 have associated spoil piles. These piles are 0.3 to 2.0 meters long (average 1.04 meters), 0.1 to 1.0 meters wide (average 0.46 meters) and 0.1 to 0.3 meters high (average 0.17 meters). Examples are depicted in Figure 119 and Figure 122. Stockpiling features A total of 17 mounds are present at Site 31234. These consist of piles of scoria pieces in the immediate vicinity of the excavations. They range in length from 0.25 to 1.6 meters (average 0.92 meters), width from 0.1 to 2.0 meters (average 0.69 meters) and in height from 0.05 to 0.5 meters (average 0.23 meters). These piles are irregular in shape and no associated cultural material is present. Figure 123 and Figure 124 illustrate examples of the Site 31234 mounds. Battered pahoehoe There are eight areas of battered pahoehoe in the project area. These features consist of located on pahoehoe outcrops where the process of excavating for either raw material or nesting birds was apparently not completed. These features are irregularly-shape4d and are 0.9 to 4.8 meters long (average 2.87 meters) and 0.45 to 2.5 meters wide (1.59 meters). No cultural material was found in association with these features, examples of which are presented in Figure 125 and Figure 126. Several waterworn basalt bashers were also noted during the project, located in close proximity to the Site 31234 features. These objects were imported by the shoreline and evidence battered end, and were used to break through the lava to obtain the various resources. An example of a waterworn basher, located in close proximity to the Feature 54 excavation is presented in Figure 127. No other cultural material was present at the site. As stated, Site 31234 is interpreted as a complex of resource procurement features based on formal type and appearance. The site is unaltered and in fair condition. It is assessed as significant per HAR §13-284-6 under Criterion d (information content) and is recommended for no further work. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 109 Figure 114. Site 31234 features. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 110 Figure 115. Site 31234, Feature 21 excavation (view to northwest). Figure 116. Site 31234, Feature 26 excavation (view to northeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 111 Figure 117. Site 31234, Feature 27 excavation (view to southeast). Figure 118. Site 31234, Feature 62 excavation (view to south-southeast). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 112 Figure 119. Site 31234, Feature 19 bird excavation (view to northwest). Figure 120. Site 31234, Feature 36 bird excavation (view to south). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 113 Figure 121. Site 31234, Feature 166 bird excavation (view to west). Figure 122. Site 31234, Feature 202 bird excavation (view to west). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 114 Figure 123. Site 31234, Feature 175 material stockpile (view to north). Figure 124. Site 31234, Feature 227 material stockpile (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 115 Figure 125. Site 31234, Feature 29 area of battered pahoehoe (view to southeast). Figure 126. Site 31234, Feature 133 area of battered pahoehoe (view to north). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 116 Figure 127. Site 31234 waterworn basalt basher (view to east). W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 117 CONCLUSION Discussion Despite the marginal nature of the arid, lava covered project area, 14 sites with a total of 418 features are present. The majority of these features are associated with procurement of natural resources such as scoriaceous lava for the manufacture of abraders or obtaining nesting seabirds. A total of 339 resource procurement features (81%) were identified at ten of the sites (Sites 26869, 26872-26878, 31231 and 31234) consisting of excavated areas in the lava, modified lava blisters, battered pahoehoe surfaces, and mounds of stockpiled material. The ten sites with excavations indicate that a total of 192.13 cubic meters of material were excavated within the project area. Evidence of the manufacture of scoria abraders was noted at 50 features (12%) of five sites (Sites 26869, 26873, 26874, 31231 and 31232). These features consist of worn surfaces in areas of pahoehoe lava that were created by abrading scoria material to shape the tools. Archaeological research in the project area also documented evidence of pre-contact habitation at 15 features (4%) of seven sites (Sites 26869, 23873, 26874, 26876-26878 and 31233). These habitations are all temporary in nature and are almost certainly associated with the resource procurement and tool manufacture activities discussed above. Of these 15 features, two are lava tubes (Site 26869-A and 26873-A) and the remainder are surface structures. These surface structures consists of four walls (Site 26873-D, 26874-B, 26876-A, and 31233-D), three C-shapes (Site 26873- C, 26877- A and 26878- A), four cairns, (Sites 26876-A2, 26877-B and 31233-B and –C), a mound (Site 26878-D) and an alignment (Site 26869-E). The lava tube features evidence limited cultural material and likely served as temporary shelters from the elements. The walls and C-shape are all generally oriented to block the prevailing winds and appear to have served as windbreaks. The project identified four sites that contain paired C-shapes/walls and cairns/mounds that appeared to have formed the foundation of a unique roofed superstructure that has been documented in other locations on Hawai‘i Island (Sites 26876, 26877, 26878 and 31233). Walker and Haun (1987:36) identified similar pairs of windbreaks and cairns with holes in their surfaces that likely supported a wooden post in Kahuku Ahupua‘a in the Kau District (see Figure 84). These paired features were also found in the immediate vicinity of abrader quarries and abrader manufacturing areas and were typically situated a moderate distance inland from the coast. As with the paired features in the present project area, Walker and Haun (ibid.) also noted that habitation debris at these sites was rare. This indicates that habitation at these sites was of a very limited duration. The project identified 13 trail segments (3% of total features) at four sites. Two of the trail segments (Site 26873, Feature F and Site 26876, Feature E) are intra-site trails, with the 11 remaining sections being components of two trail networks (Sites 26871 and 31230). These latter sites are located approximately 50 meters apart and were therefore assigned separate site designations; however, it is possible that they may have functioned as part of the same transportation route. Previous ethnographic research shows that there was a network of trails in the vicinity that people would use to travel between Kawaihae, Keawaiki, Kailua, and to go fishing. The area was formerly owned by Parker Ranch and from as far back as the 1950s employees and their families would come down to ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay to camp and fish and gather shell fish; however, the trails within the project area do not appear to be associated with these activities. They more likely functioned as pre-contact transportation routes used to traverse the rugged a‘ā lava to access the resource procurement and associated temporary habitation sites in the immediate area (Sites 26873-26878 and 31233; see Figure 32). These trails are poorly defined and consist primarily of ephemeral paths through the a‘ā lava with cobbles and pebbles on the surface worn by foot traffic. It is likely that these trails also have been used by goats traversing the lava as they were noted in the area during the present project (Figure 128). This use undoubtedly enhances the visibility of the trails. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 118 Figure 128. Goats in project area (view to southeast).Significance Assessments Hawai‘i Island trails are categorized in accordance with a typology created by Apple (1965) for Honaunau. The trail types consist of Type A, A/B, C and D. These trail types are summarized in Haun et al. (1998). 1. Type A – single file foot trails constructed during pre-Contact and early Historic (prior to the abolishment of the Kapu system) times (Prehistory to AD 1819). 2. Type A/B – modified Type A to accommodate the use of horses. Some widening and ramping of slopes with some evidencing the addition of curbing (kerbstones) (AD 1820 to AD 1840). 3. Type C – newly constructed horse trails wide enough for two horse travel. A linear alignment and distinct kerbstones typify these trails (AD 1841 to AD 1918). 4. Type D – modified Type C to accommodate the use of wheeled vehicles (later nineteenth and early twentieth century. (Haun et al. 1998:7.32) Based on Apple’s (1965) typology, all of the trail segments in the project area are Type A single file foot trails. Haun and Henry’s (2017a) work along ‘Anaeho‘omalu Bay defined trails as Primary, Secondary or Tertiary in the Waikoloa area based on form and location. Primary trails consist of the major transportation routes through the such as the Site 0002 Kiholo-Puako Trail, the ancient Ala loa and the Ala Kahakai. These trails are well constructed with steppingstones and or kerbstones. Secondary trails functioned to connect the primary trails with the shoreline, fishponds or other sites in the area. The secondary trails appear to have been improved by the manual removal of cobble and boulder-size stones that were piled on the sides of the trail segments. Tertiary trails serve to connect the secondary trails to nearby sites or resource areas. These trails are either modified with cleared surfaces (or are worn paths through the lava with no modification. The trail segments that comprise Sites 26871 and 31230 are interpreted as minor, tertiary transportation routes. The sites identified during the survey are assessed for significance based on Hawai‘i Administrative Rules (HAR) §13- 284-6. According to (HAR) §13-284-6 (b), a site must possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and/or association and shall meet one or more of the following criteria: W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 119 1. Criterion "a": Be associated with events that have made an important contribution to the broad patterns of our history; 2. Criterion "b": Be associated with the lives of persons important in our past; 3. Criterion "c": Embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the work of a master; or possess high artistic value; 4. Criterion "d": Have yielded, or is likely to yield, information important for research on prehistory or history; and 5. Criterion "e": Have an important traditional cultural value to the native Hawaiian people or to another ethnic group of the state due to associations with traditional cultural practices once carried out, or still carried out, at the property or due to associations with traditional beliefs, events or oral accounts―these associations being important to the group’s history and cultural identity. The 14 sites documented during the AIS possess integrity of location and materials. The sites are assessed as significant solely under Criterion “d” and have yielded information important for understanding the pre-contact resource procurement, tool manufacture, temporary habitation and transportation activity in the area (Table 15). At the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Sites 26871, 26873 and 31230 are additionally assessed as significant under Criterion “e” (cultural value). Treatment Recommendations The mapping, written description and photography of 11 of the 14 sites have adequately document them and no further work or preservation is recommended (Sites 26869, 26872, 26874-26878, and 31231-31234). Based on consultation with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, the Site 26871 trail and portions of the Site 31230 trail are recommended for preservation. The preserved portions of Site 31230 will consist of Features A-D and the well-defined portions of Feature E. The remainder of Feature E will be memorialized as a series of dots or markers across the landscaped and paved parking area. The ephemeral Feature F possible trail is not recommended for preservation. In addition, at the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Site 26873 is also recommended for preservation. The WLC is amenable to these preservation measures. An Archaeological Site Preservation Plan (SPP) for Sites 26871, 26873, and 31230 will be prepared for SHPD review and approval. As stated, there are three proposed development areas within the project area, designated as Areas A, B and C by the Waikoloa Land Company (WLC; see Figure 3). Area A consists of an approximately 45.9-acre portion of the King’s Course golf course, of which nine of the 18 golf courses holes will be repurposed for timeshare, single-family residential and community use. Area B is an approximately 133.8-acre area containing a portion of the King’s Course golf course seaward of the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway and north of Waikoloa Beach Drive that is slated for the construction of 900 additional timeshare units, related support and community facilities, updated golf amenities, and new public parks and trails. Area C is an approximately 3.1-acre area located at the north end of the proposed development area that will be used for a brackish water irrigation system. These proposed development activities will have no effect on the historic properties due to the aforementioned recommendations of no further work. At the request of SHPD for a previous project in the Waikoloa area (Haun and Henry 2017a), research concerning the existing archaeological site preserves in the general vicinity of the project was undertaken to provide a context for evaluating sites within the project area for preservation. This research indicates that there are 17 archeological preserves located in ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalāhuipua‘a, Pu‘u-anahulu, Waikoloa, and Lalamilo. These preserves are summarized in Table 16 and their locations are shown on Figure 129. The archaeological preserves encompass more than 5,350 acres and contain an estimated total of nearly 5,900 features. The features protected within the preserves consist of petroglyphs (2,161), abrader basins (932), habitation structures (650), habitation caves (368), quarry areas (257), trails (95), cairns (86), burials (37), ponds (19), ceremonial sites (3), and miscellaneous features (1,577). No other quarry, temporary habitation, or tool W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 120 Table 15. Site significance and treatment recommendations. manufacturing sites in the project area are recommended for preservation because better and more extensive examples are present in the previously designated preserves. Site number Formal type Area Function Significance Criteria* Recommended Treatment 26869 Complex (10)1 Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture d No further work 26871 Complex (6)1 Transportation, Marker d, e Preservation 26872 Complex (30)1 Resource procurement d No further work 26873 Complex (16)1 Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture, Transportation d, e Preservation 26874 Complex (51)1 Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Tool manufacture d No further work 26875 Lava blister 1 Resource procurement d No further work 26876 Complex (16)1 Temporary habitation, Resource procurement, Transportation d No further work 26877 Complex (14)1 Temporary habitation, Marker, Resource procurement d No further work 26878 Complex (13)1 Temporary habitation,Resource procurement d No further work 31230 Complex (5)1 Transportation d, e Preservation 31231 Complex (2)1 Resource procurement, Tool manufacture d No further work 31232 Complex (10)1 Tool manufacuture d No further work 31233 Complex (3)1 Temporary habitation d No further work 31234 Complex (240)1, 2, 3, Resource procurement d No further work * d = information content, e = cultural value W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 121 PetroglyphAbrader basinsHabitation structureHabitation caveQuarry featruesTrailCairn BurialsPondsCeremonial featureIndeterminate/ miscellaneous featuresAKanikū Settlement‘Anaeho‘omalu Yes 2.517614 1522 44 Walker and Rosendahl (1985), Hammatt et al. (2001)BLots 6, 7, and portion of 8‘Anaeho‘omalu No3.8146 6 7 1Jensen (1989a, 1989b, 1990a, 1990b)CLot 8‘Anaeho‘omalu No0.348 50 471Jensen (1989c, 1989d, 1989e)DNawahine Rock Settlement‘Anaeho‘omalu No0.823172 31Barrera (1971), Jensen (1990c)ESite 11983‘Anaeho‘omalu No0.111 105 101Jensen (1989f, 1989g)FCave Preserve‘Anaeho‘omalu No5.5 11Jensen (1990c)GKe Ahu a Lono shrine, abrader easement and King's Trail‘Anaeho‘omalu No13.12311683 8472 21Donham (1986), Jensen (1990c)HPetroglyph area and King's Trail‘Anaeho‘omalu Yes 37.5140 150 110 11 121 6Jensen (1990c)IFishponds (Kahapapa and Ku‘uali‘i)‘Anaeho‘omalu Yes 16.3 22Jensen (1990c)J Historic Preserve A (Cave complex with petroglyphs)Kalāhuipua‘aYes 20.467 11 25 23 1711Kirch (1979), Hommon (1982)KHistoric Preserve BKalāhuipua‘aNo3.5139 1 1 1 1Kirch (1979), Hommon (1982)L Sites 16252-16258 (abrader quarry areas) WaikoloaNo34.86432 124106Landrum et al. (2002)M Sites 16259-16274 (abrader quarry areas) WaikoloaNo11.84594465 17Landrum et al. (2002)NSite 11269Pu‘u Anahulu No3.89797Jensen (1989h and 1989i)OKiholo State ParkKalāhuipua‘aNo4362 2756 59 21 556 328 36 85 56 31 11 1573Rechtman and Wolforth (1999), Planning Solutions, Inc. PFishponds (Waipuhi, Manoku, Hope‘ai‘a, Kahinawao,Ka‘ai‘ōpio , Lāhuipua‘a)Kalāhuipua‘aYes3566Kirch (1979), Hommon (1982)Q Puako Petroglyph Archaeological DistrictLalamilo Yes800 1780 1780Bishop Museum (1964)5351.225888 2161 962 650 368 257 95 86 37 1931577TotalPreservation featuresNo. of preservation featuresAreaNameReferencesAcreage of preservation areaInterpretively developedLocationTable 16. Archaeological Preserves W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 122 Figure 129. Location of archaeological preserves in vicinity of project area. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 123 TRANSLATION OF HAWAIIAN WORDS¹ a‘ā – jagged lava ahu – cairn or marker ahupua‘a – traditional Hawaiian land unit usually extending from the uplands to the sea hala - Pandanus odoratissimus hau - Hibiscus tileaceus heiau – pre-Christian place of worship. Shrine ‘ili - land section, next in importance to ahupuaʻa and usually a subdivision of an ahupuaʻa kalana – division of land smaller than a moku or district kihapai - small land division, cultivated patch, garden, orchard, field, small farm kipuka - a clear place in a lava field konohiki – headman of an ahupua‘a land division under the chief kua‘iwi – inland-seaward agricultural feature kuleana – small piece of property, as within an ahupuaʻa Māhele – land division of 1848 mākāhā – sluice gate in fishpond makai – seaward mauka – inland māla - garden, plantation, patch, cultivated field papamū - stone on which the checker-like game kōnane was played pahoehoe - smooth, unbroken type of lava, contrasting with a‘ā lava ¹ - from wehewehe.org W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 124 REFERENCES Alexander, W.D. 1882 "A Brief History of Land Titles in the Hawaiian Kingdom," Appendix 1 to Surveyor General's Report, Interior Department. Honolulu: P.C. Advertiser Co. Steam Print. Apple, R.A. 1965 Hawaiian Archaeology: Trails. B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 53. Honolulu. Apple, R.A. and W. Kikuchi 1975 Ancient Hawai‘i Shore Zone Fishponds: An Evaluation of Survivors for Historical Preservation. Office of the State Director, National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. Archives Division of the Hawai‘i Department of Accounting and General Services. 2021 www.ags.hawaii.gov/survey/map-search Barrera, W. 1971 Anaeho‘omalu: An Hawaiian Oasis. Pacific Anthropological Records N0. 15. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum. Barrere, D. 1971 Anaeho‘omalu – A Reconstruction of Its History. Appendix A in Barrera 1971. 1983 “Notes on the Lands of Waimea and Kawaihae.” IN Jeffrey T. Clark and Patrick V. Kirch Archaeological Investigations of the Mudlane-Waimea-Kawaihae Road Corridor, Island of Hawai‘i: An Interdisciplinary Study of an Environmental Transect, pp. 25-38. Department of Anthropology, Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum. Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Beamer, Kamanamaikalani 2014 No Mākou Ka Mana Liberating a Nation. Kamehameha Publishing 2014, Honolulu, HI. Bishop Museum 1964 Report of the Puako Petroglyph Field in the Proposed State Historic Petroglyph Park, Puako, Department of Anthropology, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Burgett, B., L. McGerty, and R. Spear 1999 An Archaeological Inventory Survey of a 22.5 + parcel (Parcel K) in the Ahupua‘a of Waikoloa, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: 6-8-22:01, 05). Scientific Consultant Services, Inc report 129-2 prepared for Mauna Lani Resort. Brundage, L. 1971 Alfred W. Carter Hawai‘i’s Dean of Cattlemen and Notes on Hawaiian Livestock. Privately printed, Kamuela, Hawai‘i. Chinen, Jon J. 1958 The Great Mahele: Hawai‘i’s Land Division of 1848. University of Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 125 Ching, F.K.W. 1971 The Archaeology of South Kohala and North Kona: From the Ahupua‘a of Lalamilo to the Ahupua‘a of Hamanamana, Surface Survey of Kailua-Kawaihae Road Corridor. Hawaii State Archaeological Journal 71-1. Dept. of Land and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks. Clark, J. 1987 Thesis: Waimea-Kawaihae, A leeward Hawai‘i Settlement System. University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. Corbin, A. 2011 Archaeological Monitoring Report, Emergency Repair of the Beach Fronting Ku‘uali‘i Bay, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of 'Anaeho'omalu, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai'i, (TMK:[3]6-9-007-001por.) Corbin & Associates report CA-081311 prepared for Sea Engineering, Inc. – Report not accepted by DLNR-SHPD. Cox, J.H. and E. Stasack 1970 Hawaiian Petroglyphs. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. DNLR (Department of Land and Natural Resources 2003 Hawai‘i Administrative Rules, Title 13, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Subtitle 13, State Historic Preservation Division Rules. Donham, T. 1986 Preliminary Report on Completion of Field work: Archaeological Data Recovery within a Proposed Powerline Corridor along the Kiholo-Puako Trail, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 282-121186 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company, Inc. 1987 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Resort Expansion Area and Selected Undeveloped Resort Parcels, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. Prepared by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. for Transcontinental Development Company. Drolet, R., and S. Clark 1997 Archaeological Inventory Survey of Honoka‘ope Beach Parcel, Mauna Lani Resort Complex, Anaehoomalu Ili, Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: 6-8-22:27). Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc. report prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. Environmental Systems Research Institute 2021 (ESRI.com). FR n.d. Foreign Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai‘i State Archives. FT n.d. Foreign Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai‘i State Archives. Fornander, A. 1917 An Account of the Polynesian Race, Its Origins and Migrations. Charles E. Tuttle Company, Inc. (Japan) W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 126 Giambelluca, T.W., Q. Chen, A.G. Frazier, J.P. Price, Y.-L. Chen, P.-S. Chu, J.K. Eischeid, and D.M. Delparte 2013 Online Rainfall Atlas of Hawai‘i. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 94, 313-316, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00228.1. Halpren, M., and P.H. Rosendahl 1996 Addendum Archaeological Inventory Survey, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Adjacent Coastal Parcels, Lands of ‘Anaeho‘omalu and Pu‘uanahulu, South Kohala and North Kona Districts, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI Report 1713-101096. Prepared for Mr. John Hoffee by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. Hammatt, H., D. Shideler, A. Bush, D. Perzinski and S. Kikiloi 2001 Archaeological Mitigation Report for the Kaniku Settlement, Kamalani Estates, Waikoloa, Hawai‘i (TMK: 6- 9-07:34). Cultural Surveys Hawai‘I Inc. report prepared for LJR Kamalani LLC. Haun, A., J.D. Henry, J. Jimenez, M. Kirkendall, K. Maly, and T. Wolforth. 1998 Ali’i Highway, Phased Mitigation Program, Phase I – Archaeological Inventory Survey. North Kona District, Island of Hawaii. PHRI report 1320 prepared for County of Hawaii. Haun, A., D. Henry and K. McGuire 2003 Archaeological Inventory Survey, DHHL Residential Development at Lalamilo, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: 6-6-01:10, 54 and 77, 6-6-04:12-17). Haun & Associates Report 116-071203 prepared for PBR Hawai‘i, Hilo. Haun, Alan E., Dianne M. Berrigan, and Dave Henry 2010 Addendum to Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: (3) 7-4021:020, 024, 025, 026, and 027, Land of Keahuolū, North Kona District, Island of Hawai̒i. Report 734-082510. Prepared for Forest City Hawaii Kona, LLC. Haun & Associates, Kailua-Kona. Haun, A. and J.D. Henry 2000 Archaeological Site Preservation Plan, The Bay Club Project Area, Land of Anaehoomalu, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. Haun & Associates report 064 prepared for Bay Club Ownership Resort, Inc. 2002 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, Commercial/Industrial Development, Land of Kealakehe, North Kona District, Island of Hawaii (TMK:7-4-08:por 3.). Haun & Associates report 099 prepared for PBR Hawaii, Hilo. 2004a Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: (3) 6-8-22:18 and 6-8-22:Por. 40, Lands of Waikoloa and ‘Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. Haun & Associates report 346-031804 prepared for Sunstone Realty Partners LLC 2004b Archaeological Data Recovery, Site 24158, TMK: (3) 6-8-22:18, Lands of Waikoloa, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. Haun & Associates report 346-031804 prepared for Sunstone Realty. 2014 Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: (30 6-9-07: Portion 011, ‘Anaeho‘omalu ili, Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. Haun & Associates report 945 prepared for Waikoloa Land Company. 2017a Archaeological Inventory Survey, TMK: (3) 6-9-007:015, ‘Ili of ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalana of Waimea, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. Haun & Associates report 1248 prepared for Waikoloa BC LLC. 2017b Archaeological Site Preservation Plan, (Sites 50-10-10-20760-20763, 30478, and 30479) and portions of Sites 14196 and 14213, TMK: (3) 6-9-007:015, ‘Ili of ‘Anaeho‘omalu, Kalana of Waimea, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. Haun & Associates report 1248 prepared for Waikoloa BC LLC W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 127 Hommon, R. 1982 Social Evolution in Ancient Hawai‘i. IN Kirch, P.V. (ed.), Island Societies: Archaeological Approaches to Evolution and Transformation: 55-88. Cambridge: University Press. Indices 1929 Indices of Awards Made by the Board of Land Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Territory of Hawai‘i, Honolulu. Jensen, P. 1988 Archaeological Data Recovery and Intensive Survey, Resort Expansion Area and Selected Undeveloped Resort Parcels, Waikoloa Beach Resort. Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 371- 031488 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company, Inc. 1989a Archaeological Inventory Survey, Undeveloped Lots 1-7 of File Plan 1562 and the Strip Adjacent to Kiholo- Puako Trail, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Lands of Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala District. PHRI Report 454-060189 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company, Inc. 1989b Archaeological Data Recovery, Undeveloped Portions of Lot 8 of File Plan 1562, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 89-632 prepared for Royal Waikoloan Resort. 1989c Archaeological Inventory Survey, Undeveloped Portions of Lot 8 of File Plan 1562, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 594-041989 prepared for Royal Waikoloan Resort. 1989d Archaeological Date Recovery and Evaluations, Undeveloped Portions of Lot 8 of File Plan 1562, Waikoloa Beach Resort. PHRI Project 594-041989 prepared for Royal Waikoloan Resort. 1989e Archaeological Mitigation Program, Undeveloped Portions of Lot 8 of File Plan 1562, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 632-080489 prepared for Royal Waikoloan Resort. 1989e Archaeological Mitigation Program, Undeveloped Portions of Lot 8 of File Plan 1562, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 632-080489 prepared for Royal Waikoloan Resort. 1989f Archaeological Inventory Survey, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Parcels 20, 21, 22, and 23, and Strip located between Parcel 23 and Kiholo Puako Trail, Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 512-061689 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company, Inc. 1989g Archaeological Mitigation Program, Undeveloped portions of Lots 22 and 23 of File Plan 1562, and the Strip between Parcel 23 and Kiholo Puako Trail, Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 657-092589 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company, Inc. 1989h Archaeological Inventory Survey, Mauna Lani Resort New Golf Course, Land of Kalahuipuaa and Waikoloa, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 496-120988 prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. 1989i Archaeological Data Recovery and Site Perimeter Flagging at the Mauna Lani Resort New Golf Course, Lands of Kalahuipuaa and Waikoloa, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 546-032289 prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 128 1989j Archaeological Inventory Survey, Mauna Lani Cove Project Area Mauna Lani Resort, Lands of Kalahuipuaa and Waikoloa, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 588-060589 prepared for Belt Collins & Associates. 1990a Supplement to : Archaeological Inventory Survey, Undeveloped Lots 1-7 of File Plan 1562 and the Strip Adjacent to Kiholo-Puako Trail, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Lands of Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 89-697 prepared for Waikoloa Development Company, Inc. 1990b Archaeological Preservation Plan, Undeveloped Portions of Lots 6, 7 and 8 of File Plan 1562, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 985-121290 prepared for Waikoloa Development Company, Inc. 1990c Archaeological Data Recovery Program, Lots 1, 2, 6, 7, 17, 24, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 468-061489 prepared for Waikoloa Development Company, Inc. 1990d Archaeological Data Recovery and Evaluations, Undeveloped Portions of Lot 8 of File Plan 1562, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 632-122889 prepared for Royal Waikoloan Resort. 1991a Archaeological Inventory Survey, Waikoloa Beach Adjacent Coastal Parcels, Lands of Anaehoomalu and Puuanahulu, South Kohala and North Kona Districts, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: 3-7-1-03:10, 3-6-9-07:15). PHRI report 785-072390 prepared for Waikoloa Development Company 1991b Archaeological Data Recovery, Surface Collection, and Excavation, Mauna Lani Cove Project Area Mauna Lani Resort, Lands of Kalahuipuaa and Waikoloa, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 1027- 033191 prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. 1991c Archaeological Mitigation Program, Interpretative Development and Site Preservation, Undeveloped portions of Lot 2 of File Plan 1562 and the Strip between Lot 2 and the Kiholo-Puako Trail, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Lands of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 1112-082391 prepared for Elleair Waikoloa, Inc. 2000a Limited Archaeological Data Recovery at Site 11264, Hotel Site Four, Mauna Lani Resort, Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 2070-060100 prepared for Tinguely Development, Inc. 2000b Archaeological Inventory Survey, Mauna Lani Resort, "Site L", Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: 3-6-8-22:02, 04). PHRI report 2078-081100 prepared for Maryl Group, Inc. 2001 Data Recovery at Site 21877, Development Site “L”, Mauna Lani Resort, Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala District, Island of Hawai‘I (TMK: 3-6-8-22:02, 04). PHRI report 2110-021501 prepared for Maryl Group, Inc. Jensen, p., and T. Kato 1991 Archaeological Mitigation Program, Site 5694 - TMU-A, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Waikoloa, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 455-050991prepared for Waikoloa Development Company. Kirch, P.V. 1979 Marine Exploitation in Prehistoric Hawai‘i: Archaeological Investigations at Kalahuipua‘a, Hawai‘i Island. Pacific Anthropological Records No. 29. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 129 Landrum J. and S. Williams 1994 Archaeological Inventory Survey of Hotel Site 3, Mauna Lani Resort Complex, ‘Anaeho‘omalu Ili, Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Hawai‘i Island, TMK: 6-8-22:32. Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc. report prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. Landrum, J., F. Reinman, A. Schilz, C. O’Hare and A. Torres 2002 Archaeological Inventory Survey, Mauna Lani Resort, South Kohala, Hawai‘i Island, 688-acre Undesignated Portion and 20-acre portion of Parcel Y (TMK: 6-8-22:32). AMEC Earth and Environment, Inc. report prepared for Mauna Lani Services, Inc. Magat, M., C. Monahan, L. Gollin and H. Hammatt 2008 Cultural Impact Assessment for Waikoloa Mauka, ‘Anaeho‘omalu Ili, Pu‘uanahulu Ahupua‘a, North Kona District, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: (3) 7-1-003:010. Unpublished Manuscript. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i report prepared for SSFM International, Inc. Maly, K. 1999 Na‘ala Hele Ma Kai O Kohala Hema (The Coastal Trails of South Kohala), Archival-Historical Documentary Research, Oral History-Consultation Study and Limited Site Preservation Plan, Kawaihae-‘Anaeho‘omalu Trail Section. Lands of Kawaihae 2, Ouli, Lalamilo, Waikoloa, Puako, Waima, Kalāhuipua‘a and ‘Anaeho‘omalu, District of Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: Overview Sheets: 6-2, 6-8 & 6-9). Kumu Pono Associates report prepared for Na Ala Hele Program (Hawai‘i Island), State Division of Forestry and Wildlife. Moffat, R. M. and Fitzpatrick, G.L. 1995 Surveying the Mahele: Mapping the Hawaiian Land Revolution. Palapala‘āina. Editions Limited, Honolulu. Monahan, C. 2021 Final Native Hawaiian Traditional and Customary Practices Assessment in Support of a Special Management Area (SMA) and Change of Zone (COZ) Application for an Approximately 183.8-acre Project Area (Kumu Hou Project), Waikoloa Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Hawai‘i Island, TMK (3) 6-9-008:022, 025, 033 & Portions of (3) 6-9- 008:013, 021, 027-029 & 031. Prepared for Waikoloa Land Company. NR n.d. Native Register of Kuleana Claims Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai‘i State Archives. NT n.d. Native Testimony Recorded by the Board of Commissioners to Quiet Land Titles in the Hawaiian Islands. Manuscript. Hawai‘i State Archives. Nakamura, M., K. Sherry and L. Tamimi 1998 Foraging for Food? Prehistoric Pit Features at Pohakuloa, Hawai‘i. Rapa Nui Journal. Nees, R. 1995 Final Report: Archaeological Inventory Survey of Parcel G, Mauna Lani Resort Complex, Anaehoomalu Ili, Waimea Ahupua‘a, South Kohala District, Hawai‘i (TMK: 6-8-22:27). Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co., Inc. report prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 130 Planning Solutions, Inc. 2014 Kiholo State Park Final Master Plan and Final Environmental Assessment. Division of State Parks, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Island of Hawai‘i. Rechtman, R. and T. Wolforth. 1999 Archaeological Survey of a Nine-Acre Pu‘u Wa‘awa‘a Ahupua‘a, North Kona District, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK: (3)-7-l-2:Por.02). Report No. 199S.092499 Prepared by Paul H. Rosendahl, Ph.D., Inc. for Cades, Schutte, Fleming and Wright. Author: Kailua-Kona, HI. Reinecke, J. 1930 Survey of Hawaiian Sites” from Kailua-Kona to Kalahuipa‘a, Kohala. Ms, in Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum. Rosendahl, P, 1972 Archaeological Salvage of the Hapuna-Anaehoomalu Section of the Kailua-Kawaihae Road (Queen u Highway), Island of Hawai‘i. Dept. Report Series 72-5.Dept. Anthro., B.P. Bishop Museum. 1984 Archaeological Field Inspection of Waikoloa Hyatt Hotel Site, Anaehoomalu, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report Ms. 140-090584 prepared for Belt Collins & Associates. 1985 Archaeological Field Inspection, Powerline corridor – Waikoloa Beach Resort, Anaehoomalu, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report 153-011485 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company. Sato, H.H., W. Ikeda, R. Paeth, R. Smythe, and M. Takehiro, Jr. 1973 Soil Survey of the Island of Hawai‘i, State of Hawai‘i. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and University of Hawai‘i Agricultural Sea Engineering, Inc. 2012 Anaehoomalu Bay Tsunami Damage Repair Plan, Anaehoomalu, Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawai‘i. Prepared for Waikoloa Beach Association. Shun, K. 1984 Intensive Archaeological Survey, Waikoloa Hyatt Hotel Site, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Anaehoomalu, South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. PHRI report Ms. 140-090784 prepared for Belt Collins & Associates. Speakman, C.E., Jr. 2001 An Informal History of the Hawaiian Island. San Rafael: Pueo Press. Stasack, E. and D. Stasack 2007 Waikoloa Rock Art Recording Reports, Site E1-66 (Camel Area), Site 20760 (Beach Club), Addenda Sites (Site 20763 and Shoreline Papamū). Report prepared for Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail, National Park Service, Island of Hawai‘i, State of Hawai‘i. U.S. Climate Data website 2018 www.usclimatedata.com Waihona ‘Aina Corporation 2000 The Mahele Database, waihona.com. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 131 Walker, A., and P. Rosendahl 1985 Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Land of Anaeho‘omalu, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 195-103185 prepared for Waikoloa Development Company, Inc. 1986 Intensive Survey and Test Excavations, Waikoloa Beach Resort, Off-site Electrical Work Project Area, Land of Anaeho‘omalu and Waikoloa, South Kohala District. PHRI Project 258-082586 prepared for Transcontinental Development Company. Welch, D. 1989 Archaeological Mapping and Data Recovery at Mauna Lani Golf Course and Beach Park |Area, South Kohala, Hawai‘i. IARII report prepared for Mauna Lani Resort, Inc. Wehewehe.org 2016 Hawai‘i Electronic Library - Nā Puke Wehewehe ‘Ōlelo Hawai‘i Wellmon, Bernard B. 1970 The Parker Ranch: A History. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Wolfe, E. and J. Morris 2001 Geological Map of the Island of Hawai‘i. U.S. Department of the Interior. U.S Geological Survey. Wolforth, T., G. Escott, and L., McGerty 2016 An Archaeological Inventory Survey Report for the Saddle Road Extension Project in Waikoloa and Pu‘uanahulu Ahupua‘a, North Kona and South Kohala, Island of Hawai‘i. Portions of TMK: (3) 6-8-001:005, 027, 006, 067; and (3) 6-8-002:013, 014, 015; and (3) 7-1-003:001. Scientific Consultants Report prepared for DMT Consultant Engineers. W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 132 APPENDIX A – SUMMARY OF 31234 FEATURES Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing1 Excavation Raw material procurement100 60 120IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles1.06198924 22045632 Excavation Raw material procurement70 30 45IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles1.07198922 22045633 Excavation Raw material procurement200 90 65IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles150 150 201.01198921 22045674 MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled cobbbles and pebbles35 30 101.04198926 22045695 Excavation Raw material procurement120 40 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 70 204.00198940 22045736 Excavation Raw material procurement40 40 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles50 50 251.02198919 22045707 Excavation Raw material procurement80 50 35IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 50 101.03198924 22045718 Excavation Raw material procurement80 80 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles1.05198923 22045729 Excavation Raw material procurement280 50 55IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles3.05198927 220457810Excavation Raw material procurement130 100 45IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles3.01198920 220457711Excavation Raw material procurement100 55 45IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles3.04198922 220457912Excavation Raw material procurement110 85 45IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles3.02198922 220458213Excavation Raw material procurement85 65 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles3.03198923 220458214Excavation Raw material procurement160 75 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 70 207198958 220460015Excavation Raw material procurement50 110 10IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles2.03198911 220458416Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement260 2000 IrregularBattered pahoehoe2.01198909 220458317Excavation Raw material procurement60 50 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles2.04198906 220458418Excavation Raw material procurement110 110 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 45 202.02198909 220458719ExcavationBird acquisition80 80 80IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles27.03198883 220457520Excavation Raw material procurement150 150 10IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles27.01198888 220458021Excavation Raw material procurement120 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles27.02198883 220458322MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles100 65 3026.05198894 220459123Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement465 2000 IrregularBattered pahoehoe26.04198893 220458924Excavation Raw material procurement180 60 80IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles26.02198889 220459325Excavation Raw material procurement160 80 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 2026.01198887 220459126Excavation Raw material procurement140 75 75IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles110 70 2026.03198886 220459427Excavation Raw material procurement450 65 80LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles200 110 2028.01198873 220459328Excavation Raw material procurement160 30 25LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles80 60 2028.03198869 220460329Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement400 2000 IrregularBattered pahoehoe30 198871 220460830Excavation Raw material procurement510 400 50IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles32.01198878 220460631Excavation Raw material procurement300 75 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 60 1525.01198896 220460432Excavation Raw material procurement100 100 50IrregularExcavated cobbles170 75 2025.02198883 220461033Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 60IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles230 60 2055.03198861 220462834Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 70IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles300 160 2555.02198856 220462935Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles55.04198860 220464636Excavation Raw material procurement350 200 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles55.01198864 220464137Excavation Raw material procurement150 150 30IrregularExcavated cobbles54.01198865 220464338Excavation Raw material procurement130 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles140 35 1553.13198882 220463639Excavation Raw material procurement70 70 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles8198991 2204639FeatureFunctionGPS CoordinatesTemporary field designationFormal typeExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensions W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 133 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing40Excavation Raw material procurement300 40 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles250 100 2035.01198905 220463041ExcavationBird acquisition65 60 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles22 199143 220477842Excavation Raw material procurement170 90 10IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles53.12198888 220464443Excavation Raw material procurement130 80 20IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles53.11198890 220464944Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 25IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles35.02198904 220465345Excavation Raw material procurement160 100 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 3036.01198951 220465146Excavation Raw material procurement100 60 50LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles80 30 2036.02198948 220465147Excavation Raw material procurement240 110 55IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles270 130 3053.01198883 220466148Excavation Raw material procurement200 170 55IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles300 60 2053.02198883 220465649Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 60 2053.05198887 220465850Excavation Raw material procurement260 200 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 100 3053.06198884 220465851Excavation Raw material procurement240 120 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles400 130 4534.04198871 220463252Excavation Raw material procurement170 40 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 30 2053.03198883 220466253Excavation Raw material procurement150 130 65IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles220 170 3553.04198886 220466254Excavation Raw material procurement120 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles52.01198896 220466255Excavation Raw material procurement600 300 30IrregularBattered and abraded pahoehoe53.09198886 220466656Excavation Raw material procurement210 200 40IrregularBattered and abraded pahoehoe200 140 5053.08198883 220466857Excavation Raw material procurement180 70 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 100 4553.07198879 220466758Excavation Raw material procurement180 180 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 60 209.04199013 220466159Excavation Raw material procurement140 70 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 60 209.01199038 220466060Excavation Raw material procurement130 90 90IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 70 259.02199039 220466161Excavation Raw material procurement50 50 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles50 50 209.03199041 220466262Excavation Raw material procurement70 40 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 100 1558.01198869 220469863Excavation Raw material procurement1220 50 25LinearExcavated cobbles and pebbles28.02198877 220459364ExcavationBird acquisition100 45 15IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles107.08198900 220471965Excavation Raw material procurement230 40 60IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles200 100 2060.02198888 220471366Excavation Raw material procurement80 40 50IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 100 1560.01198889 220471467ExcavationBird acquisition100 60 80IrregularExcavated rocks59.03198877 220471568Excavation Raw material procurement150 30 20IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles59.01198878 220471469ExcavationBird acquisition100 100 80IrregularExcavated rocks59.05198875 220471670ExcavationBird acquisition70 50 70IrregularExcavated rocks59.06198874 220471771ExcavationBird acquisition75 40 50IrregularExcavated cobbles59.02198878 220471572ExcavationBird acquisition130 60 100IrregularExcavated rocks59.04198881 220471573ExcavationBird acquisition200 30 40IrregularExcavated rocks59.07198880 220472174MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles30 30 3086.02198913 220476875Excavation Raw material procurement130 110 100IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 60 3085.05198935 2204767FeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS Coordinates W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 134 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing76Excavation Raw material procurement20 205 IrregularOverturned slab85.06198936 220476777Excavation Raw material procurement100 45 45IrregularExcavated slabs and cobbles170 45 3061.01198967 220475578Excavation Raw material procurement170 140 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 60 3085.04198939 220477379Excavation Raw material procurement180 35 20LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles170 60 1585.07198939 220477480Excavation Raw material procurement100 140 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles170 60 2085.01198938 220477981Excavation Raw material procurement170 120 120IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles110 50 4085.02198938 220478082Excavation Raw material procurement140 100 120IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 2585.03198936 220478083ExcavationBird acquisition90 45 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.08198925 220479484ExcavationBird acquisition160 65 45IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.09198927 220479385ExcavationBird acquisition45 25 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.02198928 220479286Excavation Raw material procurement210 70 55IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles240 50 1584.01198931 220479287ExcavationBird acquisition100 40 60IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles120 30 2083.01198937 220479388ExcavationBird acquisition100 40 50IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles75 75 2083.02198941 220479489ExcavationBird acquisition40 30 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.05198922 220479990ExcavationBird acquisition25 10 10IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.03198921 220480091ExcavationBird acquisition25 20 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.06198924 220479992ExcavationBird acquisition40 20 15IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.04198924 220480093ExcavationBird acquisition60 35 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.07198927 220479794Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 25IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles34.05198894 220462095Excavation Raw material procurement200 40 50LinearExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 30 2582.05198932 220479996Excavation Raw material procurement70 15 15LinearExcavated cobbles and pebbles82.03198937 220419897ExcavationBird acquisition65 25 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles85 15 1082.04198935 220480098ExcavationBird acquisition200 50 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 40 3083.03198937 220479899Excavation Raw material procurement200 50 50LinearExcavated cobbles and pebbles200 40 2082.02198938 2204800100Excavation Raw material procurement160 100 40LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles230 170 3082.01198941 2204802101ExcavationBird acquisition130 20 50IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 40 2083.04198945 2204796102ExcavationBird acquisition40 10 20IrregularExcavated slabs and cobbles30 10 2083.05198951 2204796103MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled cobbles25 10 1062.02198944 2204774104Excavation Raw material procurement265 220 57IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles165 120 5062.01198954 2204772105Excavation Raw material procurement150 150 30IrregularOverturned slabs and boulders64.01198965 2204781106MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles130 60 3563.01198968 2204770107Excavation Raw material procurement100 50 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 100 1565.02198985 2204775108Excavation Raw material procurement60 30 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 30 1565.01198986 2204773109Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles110 75 3566.01199003 2204770110MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled slabs130 100 1068.01199024 2204775111MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled slabs and cobbles160 100 1068.02199022 2204778112Excavation Raw material procurement120 30 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles140 65 2068.03199025 2204780FeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS Coordinates W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 135 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing113Excavation Raw material procurement100 80 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles51.02199047 2204783114Excavation Raw material procurement440 80 65LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles380 100 3051.01199047 2204784115Excavation Raw material procurement350 100 80LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles51.03199046 2204782116Excavation Raw material procurement100 50 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles200 100 1551.05199050 2204781117Excavation Raw material procurement185 100 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 100 1551.06199045 2204779118Excavation Raw material procurement75 30 45IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles51.04199051 2204781119Excavation Raw material procurement200 60 50LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles150 60 2051.07199043 2204779120Excavation Raw material procurement150 100 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles140 80 2051.08199045 2204776121Excavation Raw material procurement80 80 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 60 1551.09199044 2204774122Excavation Raw material procurement180 120 90IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles400 80 2051.10199043 2204769123Excavation Raw material procurement110 755 IrregularFilled boulders and cobbles40.02199073 2204757124Excavation Raw material procurement985 50 70IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles41 199081 2204756125MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles115 60 5040.03199075 2204755126Excavation Raw material procurement180 50 50LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles140 50 1540.01199078 2204755127ExcavationBird acquisition60 25 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles39.02199077 2204752128ExcavationBird acquisition100 50 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles39.03199075 2204751129Excavation Raw material procurement70 50 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 20 1539.01199072 2204750130Excavation Raw material procurement100 65 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles50 50 20 38 199079 2204748131Excavation Raw material procurement70 60 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 50 2042.01199095 2204763132ExcavationBird acquisition70 50 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles42.02199095 2204758133Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement250 1400 IrregularBattered pahoehoe23 199123 2204767134Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement480 2000 IrregularBattered pahoehoe15 199146 2204764135Excavation Raw material procurement810 180 120LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles300 130 4513.01199137 2204747136Excavation Raw material procurement250 150 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles13.04199136 2204751137Excavation Raw material procurement125 250 30LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles13.02199136 2204745138Excavation Raw material procurement85 30 20LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles13.03199137 2204744139Excavation Raw material procurement100 100 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles70 50 20 14 199151 2204740140Excavation Raw material procurement105 85 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 30 25 16 199168 2204760141Excavation Raw material procurement200 30 20LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles17 199160 2204768142MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles60 30 25120.02198911 2204969143Excavation Raw material procurement110 80 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 60 2019.02199192 2204783144Excavation Raw material procurement100 80 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 2019.01199194 2204785145Excavation Raw material procurement70 70 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 50 2020.02199146 2204787146Excavation Raw material procurement180 85 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles250 60 2020.01199150 2204788147Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement250 2500 IrregularBattered pahoehoe43.03199113 2204777148ExcavationBird acquisition70 70 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles43.01199118 2204780149Excavation Raw material procurement110 50 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 50 2043.02199118 2204784FeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS Coordinates W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 136 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing150Excavation Raw material procurement100 20 40LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles50 40 20 45 199110 2204815151Excavation Raw material procurement80 80 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles50 50 1544.01199158 2204837152Excavation Raw material procurement60 15 20LinearExcavated boulders and cobbles44.02199159 2204839153Excavation Raw material procurement200 150 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles46.01199095 2204824154MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled scoria cobbles70 30 1046.02199089 2204825155MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled scoria slabs, cobbles and pebbles160 200 4048.01199073 2204791156Excavation Raw material procurement100 50 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 75 2048.03199068 2204787157Excavation Raw material procurement90 30 15IrregularExcavated Cobbles160 30 1548.02199067 2204785158Excavation Raw material procurement110 80 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 60 40118.01198914 2204982159Excavation Raw material procurement115 50 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 60 20116.01198927 2204991160MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularScattered scoria cobbles60 60 10114.01198924 2204963161Excavation Raw material procurement100 25 40IrregularExcavated cobbles140 40 2048.04199065 2204791162Excavation Raw material procurement100 100 95IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles300 80 30113.00198990 2204992163Excavation Raw material procurement70 40 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles120.03189913 22047972164ExcavationBird acquisition100 45 35IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles150 40 30125.01198878 2204953165Excavation Raw material procurement50 40 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles120 120 10120.01198901 2204976166ExcavationBird acquisition150 120 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles140 40 20121.01198907 2204961167Excavation Raw material procurement200 40 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles150 100 20122.01198907 2204988168Excavation Raw material procurement200 100 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 80 3086.01198913 2204769169Excavation Raw material procurement300 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles75 70 20111.00198952 2204937170Excavation Raw material procurement160 60 10IrregularOverturned boulders and cobbles50 50 1053.10198890 2204655171Excavation Raw material procurement200 60 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 120 3094.03198938 2204864172ExcavationBird acquisition40 20 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 70 10107.10198901 2204912173Excavation Raw material procurement120 60 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles140 70 2094.01198941 2204862174Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 50IrregularExcavated boulders130 30 2072.01199059 2204833175MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled boulders and cobbles60 40 2076.04198995 2204814176Excavation Raw material procurement100 100 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles76.05198991 2204816177ExcavationBird acquisition100 60 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles76.01198982 2204815178Excavation Raw material procurement100 60 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 80 1076.03198980 2204809179ExcavationBird acquisition60 30 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles76.02198981 2204811180ExcavationBird acquisition30 20 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles30 15 1079.02198961 2204812181ExcavationBird acquisition60 30 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles100 30 1079.03198960 2204812182ExcavationBird acquisition200 30 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles150 100 1579.01198960 2204816183ExcavationBird acquisition100 25 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles200 40 1580.01198951 2204815184Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement90 450 IrregularBattered pahoehoe77.03198983 2204834185Excavation Raw material procurement85 60 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles60 30 1577.02198981 2204836186Excavation Raw material procurement110 75 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 50 2077.01198982 2204837ConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS CoordinatesFeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShape W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 137 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing187Excavation Raw material procurement130 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 30 1577.04198985 2204840188Battered Pahoehoe Raw material procurement100 600 IrregularBattered pahoehoe77.05198981 2204842189Excavation Raw material procurement355 265 65IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles92.02198950 2204836190Excavation Raw material procurement110 70 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles92.01198949 2204836191Excavation Raw material procurement120 90 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles91.02198925 2204822192Excavation Raw material procurement120 80 45IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles91.01198923 2204818193ExcavationBird acquisition30 30 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles90.03198905 2204821194Excavation Raw material procurement150 70 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles120 80 1590.02198900 2204820195Excavation Raw material procurement170 170 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles170 100 2590.01198897 2204817196Excavation Raw material procurement120 60 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles80 70 2089.03198875 2204798197Excavation Raw material procurement120 110 55IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles350 40 3089.02198877 2204801198Excavation Raw material procurement170 110 70IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles220 70 3589.01198877 2204807199Excavation Raw material procurement400 300 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles104 198905 2204864200MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled slabs, boulders and cobbles140 120 45103.01198921 2204872201Excavation Raw material procurement130 100 20IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles130 60 4099.01198948 2204892202ExcavationBird acquisition130 80 25IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles37.01198978 2204893203Excavation Raw material procurement140 140 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles96.00198993 2204905204MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled slabs, boulders and cobbles120 70 30102.01198921 2204881205ExcavationBird acquisition95 25 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles60 30 15107.11198903 2204910206ExcavationBird acquisition100 70 65IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles107.01198900 2204914207ExcavationBird acquisition60 30 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles140 30 15107.03198897 2204915208ExcavationBird acquisition100 35 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles107.04198793 2204915209ExcavationBird acquisition160 50 40IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles65 50 20107.02198902 2204919210ExcavationBird acquisition50 20 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles75 30 10107.12198900 2204914211ExcavationBird acquisition85 35 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 90 10107.09198903 2204915212Excavation Raw material procurement100 80 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles170 50 3094.02198942 2204863213ExcavationBird acquisition70 30 35IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles110 100 20107.05198897 2204918214ExcavationBird acquisition70 50 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles107.06198897 2204919215ExcavationBird acquisition50 20 15IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles70 40 15107.07198899 2204920216ExcavationBird acquisition60 60 60IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles84.10198928 2204799217ExcavationBird acquisition120 75 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 60 10124.03198883 2204934218ExcavationBird acquisition65 30 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles110 40 15124.02198882 2204938219Excavation Raw material procurement200 70 110IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles200 45 35124.01198885 2204939220Excavation Raw material procurement100 40 25IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles30 30 20126.01198839 2204954221Excavation Raw material procurement200 80 60IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles200 60 20127.01198842 2204967222Excavation Raw material procurement150 450 50IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles150 150 30127.02198851 2204971223Excavation Raw material procurement120 100 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles210 90 20127.03198851 2204974FeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShapeConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS Coordinates W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 138 Length (cm)Width (cm)Depth (cm)Length (cm)Width (cm)Height (cm)Easting Northing224Excavation Raw material procurement50 40 40IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles80 50 20127.04198847 2204974225ExcavationBird acquisition25 20 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles117.02198912 2204954226ExcavationBird acquisition40 20 30IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles117.03198912 2204953227MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularPiled scoria boulders and cobbles70 40 15117.01198915 2204956228Excavation Raw material procurement325 100 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles180 90 40115.01198915 2204973229MoundMaterial stockpileIrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 505 118.02198903 2204982230Excavation Raw material procurement120 40 30IrregularExcavated boulders, cobbles and pebbles280 160 15122.02198904 2204989231Excavation Raw material procurement95 40 15IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles140 65 15123.01198892 2204963232ExcavationBird acquisition75 35 45IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 60 15125.02198876 2204952233ExcavationBird acquisition60 30 20IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles130 30 15125.04198878 2204946234Excavation Raw material procurement120 80 60IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 60 20116.02198930 2204994235Excavation Raw material procurement200 20 40IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles80 50 20115.02198915 2204970236ExcavationBird acquisition100 30 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles60 60 20129.02198782 2204652237ExcavationBird acquisition200 40 30IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles100 30 20129.01198784 2204647238ExcavationBird acquisition40 20 25IrregularExcavated cobbles and pebbles40 15 10128.01198684 2204652239Excavation Raw material procurement150 120 80IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles100 50 201611.1199588 2204943240Excavation Raw material procurement210 80 50IrregularExcavated boulders and cobbles180 65 301611.2199259 2205943ConstructionSpoil pile dimensionsTemporary field designationGPS CoordinatesFeatureFormal typeFunctionExcavation dimensionsShape W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 139 APPENDIX B – SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 NA ALA HELE LETTER W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 140 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 141 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 142 APPENDIX C – SEPTEMBER 17, 2021 ALA KAHAKAI LETTER W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 143 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 144 W a i k o l o a B e a c h R e s o r t R e p o r t N o . 1 5 9 9 -100121 Haun & Associates | 145 DEPARTMENTOFPUBLICWORKS COUNTY OF HAWAII HILO, HAWAII DATE: October 12, 2021 Memorandum TO: Zendo Kern, Planning Director FROM:Department ofPublic Works, Engineering Division SUBJECT: SMAUSEPERMITASSESSMENTAPPLICATION PL-SMA-2021-000003) Applicant: Waikoloa LandCompany Request: ToAllow25Single-Family Residential Lotsand Related Infrastructure inAreaL2ofArea ATotaling 7.3Acres TMK: (3) 6-9-008:021and028 Wehave reviewed thesubject request andprovide thefollowing comments foryour consideration: 1. Alldevelopment-generated runoffshall bedisposed ofonsiteandnotdirected toward anyadjacent properties. Adrainage plan mayberequired bythePlan Approval process inaccordance with Section 25-2-72(3) oftheHawaii County Code. 2. Thesubject parcel isinanareadesignated asZoneXontheFlood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) bytheFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Zone Xisanareadetermined tobeoutside the500-yearfloodplain. Questions maybereferred toBryce Harada at961-8042. CountyofHawaiiisanEqualOpportunity ProviderandEmployer Mitchell D. Roth Mayor Lee E. Lord Managing Director County of Hawai`i DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 345 KekCianao'a Street, Suite 41 • Hilo, Hawai'i 96720 Ph: (808) 961-8083 • Fax: (808) 961-8086 Email: cohdem@hawaiicounty.gov MEMORANDUM TO: Zendo Kern, Director Planning Depat tment FROM: Ramzi L Mansour, Director Department of Environmental Management DATE: August 18, 2021 Ramzi I. Mansour Director Brenda D. lokepa-Moses Deputy Director SUBJECT: Multiple Permit Application Review Request for the Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Project Applicant: Waikoloa Land Company The Solid Waste Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following comments and/or recommendations (contact the Solid Waste Division for details): No comments. Commercial operations, State and Federal agencies, religious entities and non-profit organization may not use transfer stations for disposal. Aggregates and any other construction/demolition waste should be responsibly reused to its fullest extent. Ample and equal room should be provided for rubbish and recycling. Green waste may be transported to the green waste sites located at the West Hawai`i Organics Facility and East Hawai`i Organics Facility, or other suitable diversion programs. Construction and demolition waste is prohibited at all County Transfer Stations. Submit Solid Waste Management Plan in accordance with attached guidelines. Existing Solid Waste Management Plan is to be followed. Provide update to the department on current status. Other: County of Hawari is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer Page 2 The Wastewater Division has reviewed the subject application and offers the following comments and/or recommendations (contact the Wastewater Division for details): WASTEWATER DIVISION COMMENTS: RM:pls No comments. (These parcels are within the service area of the private Waikoloa Wastewater Treatment Plant). Require connection of existing and/or proposed structures to the public sewer in accordance with Section 21-5 of the Hawaii County Code. Require Council Resolution to approve sewer extension in accordance with Section 21- 26.1 of the Hawaii County Code. Complete Sewer Extension Application. Require extension of the sewer system to service the proposed subdivision in accordance with Section 23-85 of the Hawaii County Code. Check or line out as applicable: [ J Ifrequired by the Director ofthe Department of Environmental Management ("Director of DEll/f), [ ] applicant shall conduct a sewer study in accordance with the then applicable wastewater system design standards prior to approval to connect to the County sewer system. Applicant shall provide such sewer line or other facility improvements as the Director ofDEM may reasonably require, which the sewer study may indicate are advisable for mitigation of impacts of the proposed project. Contact Wastewater Division Chieffor details. ) Proposed activity may be subject to existing or future federal, state, or county regulation under Title 40 CFR 403.5, prohibiting discharge of certain pollutants into publicly owned treatment works. Contact the Hawaii Department of Health for information regarding pretreatment standards. Applicant shall follow Hawaii Department of Health regulations. Other: Mitchell D. Roth Mayor Lee E. Lord Managing Director January 29, 2021 County of Hawai`i Ramzi L Mansour Director Brenda D. lakepa-Moses Deputy Director DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 345 Kekariao`a Street, Suite 41 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Ph: (808) 961- 8083 Fax: (808) 961-8086 Email: cohdem@hawaicounty.gov SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN Guidelines INTENT AND PURPOSE This is to establish guidelines for reviewing Solid Waste Management Plans, for which special conditions are placed on developments. The Solid Waste Management Plan will be used to: (1) promote and implement recycling and recycling prourams, (2) predict the waste generated by the proposed development to anticipate the loading on County Solid Waste Management Facilities, and (3) predict the additional vehicular traffic being generated because of waste and recycling transfers. A State ol' lawai'i licensed engineer shall prepare a suitable Solid Waste Management Plan for review by the Department of Environmental Management. REPORT The Solid Waste Management Plan will contain the following: 1. Description of the project and the potential waste it may be generating: i.e. analysis of anticipated waste volume and composition. This includes waste generated during the construction and operational or maintenance phases. Waste types shall include (but not be limited to): A. Organics (including food waste and green wastes); 13. Construction and Demolition materials; C. Paper (including cardboard); I), Metal (including ferrous and non-ferrous metals). E. Plastic; It. Special (including ash, sludge, treated medicallvaste. bulky items, tires); G. Hazardous (including paint, N.'chicle fluids, oil. batteries); and LI. Glass. 2. Indicate onsite source separation by waste type; i.e. source separation bins for glass, metal, plastic, cardboard, aluminum, etc. Provide ample and equal space for rubbish and recyclinu. County of 1 lawaH is an Fqual avominav Prov idr and Finployer, Solid Waste Management Pan Guidelines Page 2 of 2 Identification and location of the proposed waste reduction, waste re -use, recycling facility or disposal site and associated transportation methods for the various components of the development's waste management system, including the number of vehicle movements and associated routes that will be used to transport the waste and recycled materials. 4. The report will include identification of any impacts to County -operated waste management facilities, and the appropriate mitigation measures that will be implemented by the development to minimize these impacts. 5. Analysis will be based on the highest potential use or zoning of the development. REQUIREMENTS AND CONDITIONS 1. A Solid Waste Management Plan will be prepared for all commercial developments, as defined under the policies of the Department of Environmental Management, Solid Waste Division. 2. The Department of Environmental Management will require the developer to provide or resolve all recommendations and mitigation measures as outlined in the solid waste management plan; besides any conditions placed on the applicant herein. 3. A State of Hawai'i licensed engineer will draft and certify in writing the Solid Waste Management Plan as complying with applicable Federal, State and County of Hawai'i Solid Waste Laws, Regulations, and Administrative Rules. Should you require additional information, please contact Greg Goodale, Solid Waste Division Chief, at (808) 961-8515. CONCUR: Ramzi I. Mansour DIRECTOR County of Flawai'i is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer, Mitchell D. Roth Mayor August 24, 2021 TO FROM County of Hawai'i POLICE DEPARTMENT 349 Kapi'olani Street • Hilo, Hawai'i 96720-3998 808) 935-3311 • Fax (808) 961-2389 G DIRCTOR HIEF, AREA II OPERATIONS Paul K. Ferreira Police Chief Kenneth Bugado, Jr. Deputy Police Chief SUBJECT : MULTIPLE PER APPLICATIO REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMUHOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJE APPLICANT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT NO. PL -SMA -2021-000001 REQUEST: TO AMEND SMA MAJOR PERMIT NO. 25 TO REMOVE AREA A, AREA B, AND AREA C, TOTALING +/- 182.9 ACRES TAX MAP KEYS: 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT NO. PL -SMA -2021-000002 REQUEST: TO ALLOW 264 MULTI -FAMILY TIMESHARE UNITS AND RELATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN AREAS J1 AND J2 OF "AREA A" TOTALING +/- 38. 6 ACRES TAX MAP KEYS: 6-9-008:021, 027, 028 AND 031. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT NO. PL -SMA -2021-000003 REQUEST: TO ALLOW 25 SINGLE -FAMILY RESIDENTIAL LOTS AND RELATED INFRASTRUCTURE IN AREA L2 OF "AREA A" TOTALING +/- 7.3 ACRES TAX MAP KEYS: 6-9-008: 021 AND 028. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT NO. PL -SMA -2021-000004 REQUEST: TO ALLOW 900 MULTI -FAMILY TIMESHARE UNITS AND RELOCATED GOLF CLUBHOUSE/DRIVING RANGE, PARKS, WELLS/ IRRIGATION WITHIN PROJECT AREAS B AND C, TOTALING +/- 136.9 ACRES TAX MAP KEYS: 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 022, 025, 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.) AND 033. CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (PL-REZ-2021-000004 REQUEST: OPEN AND RM -8 TO RM -6 AND RS -10 FOR +/- 45.9 ACRES TAX MAP KEYS: 6-9-008:021, 027, 028 AND 031. Hawai'i County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer" SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT PAGE 2 CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATION (PL-REZ-2021- 000005) REQUEST: OPEN, RM -4, RM -6, RM -8 AND CV -10 TO PROJECT DISTRICT FOR 133.8 ACRES TAX MAP KEYS: 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 022, 025, 029 (POR.) AND 033. This is in response to your memorandum dated August 16, 2021 regarding the above - referenced multiple permit application review request. Staff has reviewed the application and has no objections to offer at this time. Staff would provide the comment that the increase in population resulting from the 1000+ time share units will lead to an increased burden on public safety services such as police and fire/rescue. Should you have any questions or concerns, please contact Captain Jeremie Evangelista, Commander of the South Kohala District, at 808-887-3080. JCE/jaj 21HQ0835 Mitchell D. Roth Mayor Lee E. Lord Managing Director August 17, 2021 County of 9atuai`i HAWAI`I FIRE DEPARTMENT 25 Aupuni Street • Suite 2501 • Hilo, Hawaii 96720 808) 932-2900 • Fax (808) 932-2928 TO: ZENDO KERN, PLANNING DIRECTOR FROM: KAZUO S. K. L. TODD, FIRE CHIEF SUBJECT: Multiple Permit Application Review Request: Kumu Hou at Waikoloa Project Applicant: Waikoloa Land Company Kazuo S.K.L. Todd Fire Chief Eric H. Moller Deputy Fire Chief Regarding the above-mentioned request, the following shall be in accordance: NFPA 1, UNIFORM FIRE CODE, 2006 EDITION Note: Hawai `i State Fire Code, National Fire Protection Association 2006 version, with County ofHawai `i amendments. County amendments are identified with a preceding "C---" of the reference code. Chapter 18 Fire Department Access and Water Supply 18.1 General. Fire department access and water supplies shall comply with this chapter. For occupancies of an especially hazardous nature, or where special hazards exist in addition to the normal hazard of the occupancy, or where access for fire apparatus is unduly difficult, or areas where there is an inadequate fire flow, or inadequate fire hydrant spacing, and the AHJ may require additional safeguards including, but not limited to, additional fire appliance units, more than one type of appliance, or special systems suitable for the protection of the hazard involved. 18.1.1 Plans. 18.1.1.1 Fire Apparatus Access. Plans for fire apparatus access roads shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction. 18.1.1.2 Fire Hydrant Systems. Plans and specifications for fire hydrant systems shall be submitted to the fire department for review and approval prior to construction. C- 18.1.1.2.1 Fire Hydrant use and Restrictions. No unauthorized person shall use or operate any Fire hydrant unless such person first secures permission or a permit from the owner or representative of the department, or company that owns or governs that water supply or system. Exception: Fire Department personnel conducting firefighting Hawaii County is an Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer. Zendo Kern, Planning Director August 17, 2021 Page 2 of 8 operations, hydrant testing, and/or maintenance, and the flushing and acceptance of hydrants witnessed by Fire Prevention Bureau personnel. 18.2 Fire Department Access. 18.2.1 Fire department access and fire department access roads shall be provided and maintained in accordance with Section 18.2. 18.2.2* Access to Structures or Areas. 18.2.2.1 Access Box(es). The AHJ shall have the authority to require an access box(es) to be installed in an accessible location where access to or within a structure or area is difficult because of security. 18.2.2.2 Access to Gated Subdivisions or Developments. The AHJ shall have the authority to require fire department access be provided to gated subdivisions or developments through the use of an approved device or system. 18.2.2.3 Access Maintenance. The owner or occupant of a structure or area, with required fire department access as specified in 18.2. 2.1 or 18.2.2. 2, shall notify the AHJ when the access is modified in a manner that could prevent fire department access. 18.2.3 Fire Department Access Roads. (*may be referred as FDAR) 18.2.3.1 Required Access. 18.2.3.1.1 Approved fire department access roads shall be provided for every facility, building, or portion of a building hereafter constructed or relocated. 18.2.3.1.2 Fire Department access roads shall consist of roadways, fire lanes, parking lots lanes, or a combination thereof. 18.2.3.1.3* When not more than two one- and two-family dwellings or private garages, carports, sheds, agricultural buildings, and detached buildings or structures 400ft2 (37 m2) or less are present, the requirements of 18.2.3.1 through 18.2.3.2.1 shall be permitted to be modified by the AHJ. 18.2.3.1.4 When fire department access roads cannot be installed due to location on property, topography, waterways, nonnegotiable grades, or other similar conditions, the AHJ shall be authorized to require additional fire protection features. 18.2.3.2 Access to Building. 18.2.3.2.1 A fire department access road shall extend to within in 50 ft (15 m) of at least one exterior door that can be opened from the outside that provides access to the interior of the building. Exception: 1 and 2 single-family dwellings. Zendo Kern, Planning Director August 17, 2021 Page 3 of 8 18.2.3.2.1.1 When buildings are protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13, NFPA 13D, or NFPA 13R, the distance in 18.2.3.2.1 shall be permitted to be increased to 300 feet. 18.2.3.2.2 Fire department access roads shall be provided such that any portion of the facility or any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of the building is located not more than 150 ft 46 m) from fire department access roads as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building or facility. 18.2.3.2.2.1 When buildings are protected throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system that is installed in accordance with NFPA 13, NFPA 13D, or NFPA 13R, the distance in 18.2.3.2.2 shall be permitted to be increased to 450 ft (137 m). 18.2.3.3 Multiple Access Roads. More than one fire department access road shall be provided when it is determined by the AHJ that access by a single road could be impaired by vehicle congestion, condition of terrain, climatic conditions, or other factors that could limit access. 18.2.3.4 Specifications. 18.2.3.4.1 Dimensions. C-18.2.3.4.1.1 FDAR shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 20ft with an approved turn around area if the FDAR exceeds 150 feet. Exception: FDAR for one and two family dwellings shall have an unobstructed width of not less than 15 feet, with an area of not less than 20 feet wide within 150 feet of the structure being protected. An approved turn around area shall be provided if the FDAR exceeds 250 feet. C— 18.2.3.4.1.2 FDAR shall have an unobstructed vertical clearance of not less then 13ft 6 in. C— 18.2.3.4.1.2.1 Vertical clearances may be increased or reduced by the AHJ, provided such increase or reduction does not impair access by the fire apparatus, and approved signs are installed and maintained indicating such approved changes. C-48.2. 3. 4.1.2.2 Vertical clearances shall be increased when vertical clearances or widths are not adequate to accommodate fire apparatus. C— 18.2.3.4.2 Surface. Fire department access roads and bridges shall be designed and maintained to support the imposed loads (25 Tons) of the fire apparatus. Such FDAR and shall be comprised of an all-weather driving surface. 18.2.3.4.3 Turning Radius. C— 18.2.3.4.3.1 Fire department access roads shall have a minimum inside turning radius of 30 feet, and a minimum outside turning radius of 60 feet. Zendo Kern, Planning Director August 17, 2021 Page 4 of 8 18.2.3.4.3.2 Turns in fire department access road shall maintain the minimum road width. 18.2.3.4.4 Dead Ends. Dead-end fire department access roads in excess of 150 ft (46 m) in length shall be provided with approved provisions for the fire apparatus to turn around. 18.2.3.4.5 Bridges. 18.2.3.4.5.1 When a bridge is required to be used as part of a fire department access road, it shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with county requirements. 18.2.3.4.5.2 The bridge shall be designed for a live load sufficient to carry the imposed loads of fire apparatus. 18.2.3.4.5.3 Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges where required by the AHJ. 18.2.3.4.6 Grade. C- 18.2.3.4.6.1The maximum gradient of a Fire department access road shall not exceed 12 percent for unpaved surfaces and 15 percent for paved surfaces. In areas of the FDAR where a Fire apparatus would connect to a Fire hydrant or Fire Department Connection, the maximum gradient of such area(s) shall not exceed 10 percent. 18.2.3.4.6.2* The angle of approach and departure for any means of fire department access road shall not exceed 1 ft drop in 20 ft (0.3 m drop in 6 m) or the design limitations of the fire apparatus of the fire department, and shall be subject to approval by the AHJ. 18.2.3.4. 6.3 Fire department access roads connecting to roadways shall be provided with curb cuts extending at least 2 ft (0.61 m) beyond each edge of the fire lane. 18.2.3.4. 7 Traffic Calming Devices. The design and use of traffic calming devices shall be approved the AHJ. 18.2.3.5 Marking of Fire Apparatus Access Road. 18.2.3.5.1 Where required by the AHJ, approved signs or other approved notices shall be provided and maintained to identify fire department access roads or to prohibit the obstruction thereof of both. 18.2.3.5.2 A marked fire apparatus access road shall also be known as a fire lane. 18.2. 4* Obstruction and Control of Fire Department Access Road. 18.2. 4.1 General. Zendo Kern, Planning Director August 17, 2021 Page 5 of 8 18.2. 4.1.1 The required width of a fire department access road shall not be obstructed in any manner, including by the parking of vehicles. 18.2. 4.1.2 Minimum required widths and clearances established under 18.2.3.4 shall be maintained at all times. 18.2. 4.1.3* Facilities and structures shall be maintained in a manner that does not impair or impede accessibility for fire department operations. 18.2. 4.1.4 Entrances to fire departments access roads that have been closed with gates and barriers in accordance with 18.2.4.2.1 shall not be obstructed by parked vehicles. 18.2. 4.2 Closure of Accessways. 18.2. 4.2.1 The AHJ shall be authorized to require the installation and maintenance of gates or other approved barricades across roads, trails, or other accessways not including public streets, alleys, or highways. 18.2. 4.2.2 Where required, gates and barricades shall be secured in an approved manner. 18.2. 4.2.3 Roads, trails, and other access ways that have been closed and obstructed in the manner prescribed by 18.2.4.2.1 shall not be trespassed upon or used unless authorized by the owner and the AHJ. 18.2. 4.2. 4 Public officers acting within their scope of duty shall be permitted to access restricted property identified in 18.2.4.2.1. 18.2. 4.2. 5 Locks, gates, doors, barricades, chains, enclosures, signs, tags, or seals that have been installed by the fire department or by its order or under its control shall not be removed, unlocked, destroyed, tampered with, or otherwise vandalized in any manner. 18.3 Water Supplies and Fire Hydrants 18.3.1* A water supply approved by the county, capable of supplying the required fire flow for fire protection shall be provided to all premises upon which facilities or buildings, or portions thereof, are hereafter constructed, or moved into or within the county. When any portion of the facility or building is in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) from a water supply on a fire apparatus access road, as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the facility or building, on- site fire hydrants and mains capable of supplying the required fire flow shall be provided when required by the AHJ. For on-site fire hydrant requirements see section 18.3.3. EXCEPTIONS: 1. When facilities or buildings, or portions thereof, are completely protected with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system the provisions of section 18.3.1 may be modified by the AHJ. Zendo Kern, Planning Director August 17, 2021 Page 6 of 8 2. When water supply requirements cannot be installed due to topography or other conditions, the AHJ may require additional fire protection as specified in section 18.3.2 as amended in the code. 3. When there are not more than two dwellings, or two private garage, carports, sheds and agricultural. Occupancies, the requirements of section 18.3.1 may be modified by AHJ. 18.3.2* Where no adequate or reliable water distribution system exists, approved reservoirs, pressure tanks, elevated tanks, fire department tanker shuttles, or other approved systems capable of providing the required fire flow shall be permitted. 18.3.3* The location, number and type of fire hydrants connected to a water supply capable of delivering the required fire flow shall be provided on a fire apparatus access road on the site of the premises or both, in accordance with the appropriate county water requirements. 18.3. 4 Fire Hydrants and connections to other approved water supplies shall be accessible to the fire department. 18.3. 5 Private water supply systems shall be tested and maintained in accordance with NFPA 25 or county requirements as determined by the AHJ. 18.3.6 Where required by the AHJ, fire hydrants subject to vehicular damage shall be protected unless located within a public right of way. 18.3.7 The AHJ shall be notified whenever any fire hydrant is placed out of service or returned to service. Owners of private property required to have hydrants shall maintain hydrant records of approval, testing, and maintenance, in accordance with the respective county water requirements. Records shall be made available for review by the AHJ upon request. C— 18.3. 8 Minimum water supply for buildings that do not meet the minimum County water standards: Buildings up to 2000 square feet, shall have a minimum of 3,000 gallons of water available for Firefighting. Buildings 2001- 3000 square feet, shall have a minimum of 6,000 gallons of water available for Firefighting. Buildings, 3001- 6000 square feet, shall have a minimum of 12,000 gallons of water available for Firefighting. Buildings, greater than 6000 square feet, shall meet the minimum County water and fire flow requirements. Multiple story buildings shall multiply the square feet by the amount of stories when determining the minimum water supply. Zendo Kern, Planning Director August 17, 2021 Page 7 of 8 Commercial buildings requiring a minimum fire flow of 2000gpm per the Department of Water standards shall double the minimum water supply reserved for firefighting. Fire Department Connections (FDC) to alternative water supplies shall comply with 18.3.8 (1)- 6) of this code. NOTE: In that water catchment systems are being used as a means of water supply for firefighting, such systems shall meet the following requirements: 1) In that a single water tank is used for both domestic and firefighting water, the water for domestic use shall not be capable of being drawn from the water reserved for firefighting; 2) Minimum pipe diameter sizes from the water supply to the Fire Department Connection FDC) shall be as follows: a) 4" for C900 PVC pipe; b) 4" for C906 PE pipe; c) 3" for ductile Iron; d) 3' for galvanized steel. 3) The Fire Department Connection (FDC) shall: a) be made of galvanized steel; b) have a gated valve with 2-1/2 inch, National Standard Thread male fitting and cap; c) be located between 8 ft and 16 ft from the Fire department access. The location shall be approved by the AHJ; d) not be located less than 24 inches, and no higher than 36 inches from finish grade, as measured from the center of the FDC orifice; e) be secure and capable of withstanding drafting operations. Engineered stamped plans may be required; f) not be located more than 150 feet of the most remote part, but not less than 20 feet, of the structure being protected; g) also comply with section 13.1.3 and 18.2.3.4.6.1 of this code. 4) Commercial buildings requiring a fire flow of 2000gpm shall be provided with a second FDC. Each FDC shall be independent of each other, with each FDC being capable of flowing 500gpm by engineered design standards. The second FDC shall be located in an area approved by the AHJ with the idea of multiple Fire apparatus' conducting drafting operations at once, in mind. 5) Inspection and maintenance shall be in accordance to NFPA 25. 6) The owner or lessee of the property shall be responsible for maintaining the water level, quality, and appurtenances of the system. Zendo Kern, Planning Director August 17, 2021 Page 8 of 8 EXCEPTIONS TO SECTION 18.3.8: 1) Agricultural buildings, storage sheds, and shade houses with no combustible or equipment storage. 2) Buildings less than 800 square feet in size that meets the minimum Fire Department Access Road requirements. 3) For one and two family dwellings, agricultural buildings, storage sheds, and detached garages 800 to 2000 square feet in size, and meets the minimum Fire Department Access Road requirements, the distance to the Fire Department Connection may be increased to 1000 feet. 4) For one and two family dwellings, agricultural buildings, and storage sheds greater than 2000square feet, but less than 3000 square feet and meets the minimum Fire Department Access Road requirements, the distance to the Fire Department Connection may be increased to 500 feet. 5) For buildings with an approved automatic sprinkler system, the minimum water supply required may be modified. If there are any questions regarding these requirements, please contact Assistant Fire Chief Ian Smith at (808) 932-2907. KAZi1U S. K. L TODD Fire Chief KV:lk DAVIDY. IGE ELIZABETHA. CHAR, M.D. GOVERNOR OFHAWAII DIRECTOR OF HEALTH STATEOFHAWAII DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH P.O. BOX916 HILO, HAWAII96721-0916 MEMORANDUM DATE: August 18, 2021 TO: Mr. Zendo Kern Planning Director, County ofHawaii FROM: Eric Honda District Environmental Health Program Chief SUBJECT: Multiple Permit Application Review Request fortheKumu Hou atWaikoloa Project Applicant: Waikoloa LandCompany The applicant would needtomeettherequirements ofourDepartment ofHealth AirPollution Rules, Chapter 60.1, Title11, State ofHawaii forfugitive dust control. Ifthere isneed todiscuss these requirements, please contact ourCleanAirBranch staffatPh. 933-0401. TheCWB hasreviewed thelimited information contained inthesubject document and offersthe following comments: Permit Issuance Anyproject anditspotential impacts toState waters must meet theState’s: 1) Antidegradation policy, which requires thattheexisting uses andthelevel ofwater quality necessary toprotect theexisting uses ofthereceiving State water bemaintained andprotected; 2) Designated uses, asdetermined bytheclassification ofthereceiving State waters; and 3) Water quality criteria \[Hawaii Administrative Rules (HAR), Chapter 11-54\], ASection 401 Waterquality Certification (WQC) isrequired ifyour project/activity: Requires afederal permit, license, certificate, approval, registration, or Statutory exemption; and Mayresultinadischarge into State waters. Theterm “discharge” is defined inClean Water Act, Subsections 502(16), 502(12), and 502(6). Examples of “discharge” include, butarenotlimited to, allowing the following pollutants toenter Statewaters fromthesurface orin-water: Zendo Kern August 19, 2021 Page2of5 solid waste, rock/sand/dirt, heat, sewage, construction debris, any underwater work, chemicals, fugitive dust/spray/paint, agricultural wastes, biological materials, industrial wastes, concrete/sealant/epoxy, and washing/cleaning effluent. Determine ifyour project/activity requires afederal permit, license, certificate, approval, registration, orstatutory exemption bycontacting theappropriate federal agencies (e.g. Department oftheArmy (DA), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Pacific Ocean Division Honolulu District Office (POH) Tel: 808-835-4303; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Tel: 415-947-8021; Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Tel: 866-208-3372; U.S. Coast Guard Office ofBridge Programs Tel: 202-372-1511). Torequest aSection 401 WQC, youmust complete andsubmit theSection 401 WQCapplication. Thisapplication isavailable onthee-Permitting Portal website located at: https://eha-cloud.doh.hawaii.gov/epermit/. Please seeHAR, chapter 11-54fortheState’ WaterQuality Standards andfor more information on theSection 401 WQC. HAR, Chapter 11-54isavailable on theCWB website at: http://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit coverage is required for: Storm water associated with construction activities forlanddisturbances of one (1) acreormore. Landdisturbance includes, but isnotlimited to, clearing, grading, grubbing, excavation, demolition, uprooting ofvegetation, equipment staging, andstorage areas. Storm waterassociated with industrial activities forfacilities withStandard Industrial Classification Codes regulated in40CFR122.26(b)(14)(i) through ix) and (xi). Storm water andcertain non-storm water fromasmall Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System. Discharges ofwater pollutants into Statesurface waters. Examples ofthese discharges include, butarenotlimited to, cooling water, hydrotesting waters, dewatering effluent, andprocess wastewater. Discharges from theapplication ofpesticides (including pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, andvarious othersubstances tocontrol pest) toStatewaters. Anapplication foranNPDES individual permit must besubmitted atleast 180 calendar daysbefore thecommencement ofthedischarge orstart ofconstruction activities. To request andNPDES individual permit, youmust complete and submit the NPDES individual permit application. This application isavailable on thee-Permitting Portal website located at: Zendo Kern August 19, 2021 Page3of5 https://eha-cloud.doh.hawaii.gov/epermit/. ANotice ofIntent (NOI) forcoverage under aspecific NPDES general permit mustbesubmitted atleast30calendar daysbefore thecommencement ofthe discharge orstartofconstruction activities. Torequest NPDES general permit coverage, youmustcomplete and submit theNOI. TheNOI isavailable onthe e-Permitting Portalwebsite located at: https://eha-cloud.doh.hawaii.gov/epermit/. PleaseseeHAR, Chapter 11-55formore information ontheNPDES individual permit and NPDES general permits. Thespecific NPDES general permits located inHAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendices Bthrough M. HAR, Chapter 11-55 andHAR, Chapter 11-55, Appendices Bthrough Mareavailable ontheCWB website at: http://health.hawaii.gov/cwb/. According toState law, alldischarges related totheproject construction or operation activities, whether ornotNPDES permit coverage and/orSection 401 WQC arerequired, mustcomply with the State’sWaterQuality Standards. Monitoring Effluent discharge and/orreceiving water monitoring may berequired as conditions ofSection 401 Water Quality Certifications and NPDES General and Individual permits. Enforcement Noncompliance withwater quality requirements contained inHAR, Chapter 11-54 and/orpermitting requirements specified inHAR, Chapter 11-55may besubject topenalties of $25,000 perdayper violation. Violations ofHawaii Revised Statutes 342Dand 342E may elicitadministrative, civilandcriminal penalties for suchviolations. Polluted Runoff Control Manage projects identified inwatershed-based plans thatreduce polluted runoff andeducate thepublic aboutnonpoint source pollution. Projects areselected through anannual request forproposals. Funding isprovided bytheEPA through theCleanWater Act. For more information onprojects andfunding opportunities, please visit: www.hawaii.gov/doh/pollutedrunoffcontrol. Construction activities must comply with theprovisions ofHawaii Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-46, “Community Noise Control.” Zendo Kern August 19, 2021 Page4of5 1. The contractor mustobtain anoisepermit ifthenoiselevels from theconstruction activities areexpected toexceed theallowable levels oftherules. 2. Construction equipment andon-site vehicles requiring anexhaust ofgas orair must beequipped with mufflers. 3. The contractor mustcomply with therequirements pertaining toconstruction activities asspecified intherules andtheconditions issuedwith thepermit. Should therebeanyquestions onthis matter, please contact theDepartment ofHealth at933- 0917. All proposed developments thatinvolve newdwelling andcommercial units willrequire connection toanexisting ornew wastewater treatment plant. Noindividual wastewater systems willbeallowed. Werecommend thatyoureview alloftheStandard Comments onourwebsite: http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/env-planning/landuse/landuse.html. Anycomments specifically applicable tothisproject should beadhered to. The same website alsofeatures aHealthy Community Design Smart Growth Checklist Checklist) created byBuilt Environment Working Group (BEWG) oftheHawaii State Department ofHealth. TheBEWG recommends that stateandcounty planning departments, developers, planners, engineers andother interested parties apply the healthy builtenvironment principles inthe Checklist whenever theyplanorreview newdevelopments orredevelopments projects. Wealsoaskyoutoshare thislistwithotherstoincrease community awareness on healthy community design. Zendo Kern August 19, 2021 Page5of5 JADE T. BUTAYDAVIDY. IGE GOVERNOR DIRECTOR Deputy Director DEREK J. CHOW ROSS M. HIGASHI EDWIN H. SNIFFEN INREPLY REFER TO: STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DIR0806 869PUNCHBOWL STREET HWY-PS2.6350HONOLULU, HAWAII 96813-5097 September 10, 2021 VIAEMAIL: planning@hawaiicounty.gov Mr. ZendoKern Director Planning Department County ofHawaii 101Pauahi Street, Suite3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Attention: Tracie-LeeCamero DearMr. Kern: Subject: Multiple Permit Application Review request forKumu HouatWaikaloa Project Waikaloa Land Company TaxMapKeyNos.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (por.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (por.), 028 (por.), 029 (por.), 031 (por.), and033. Thankyouforyourletter dated August 16, 2021. TheKumuHouatWaikoloa includes four Special Management AreaMajor Use Permit applications andtwo Change ofZone Applications withinWaikoloa BeachResort. The projectplanstorepurpose nine golf fairways closed in March 2020into1,164timeshare units, 25single family residential units, a 40,000square foot (sf) community center, anda3,000 sfconvenience retail center. Thisisan expansion ofthe master plan fortheresort whichpreviously onlyincluded 264timeshare units. Access tothe units willbethrough theexisting northern andsouthern intersections ofWaikoloa Beach Roadwith Queen Kaahumanu Highway The Hawaii Department ofTransportation (HDOT) reviewed themultiple permit application review request and has thefollowing comments. 1. The Statehasnotyetprogrammed the widening ofQueen Kaahumanu Highway. Therefore, thetraffic analysis offuture conditions shouldberevised toexclude awidened Queen Kaahumanu Highway. 2. Thestatement thatfuture traffic willbeless inthefutureneeds further justification, including butnotlimited toquantitative description oftheinternal capture rateand qualitative explanation ofthe internal trips. Mr. Zendo Kern HWY-PS2.6350 September 10, 2021 Page2 3. Mitigation fordirect impacts onState roadways willbeprovided atnocosttothe State. TheApplicant shalldedicate Right-of-Way (ROW) fortherecommended transportation mitigation improvements totheState, asrequired andapproved bytheHDOT. 4. Regional improvements willbeprovided onapro-rated basis. Theseimprovements shall beconstructed onaschedule acceptable totheHDOT. The report shouldclarify whether the developer shallprovide allorspecify whatpartsofthemitigation measures willbeprovided. 5. Thereport should include follow-upactivities including commitments thatthe mitigation isimplemented, updating the TrafficImpact Analysis Report, permitting triggers, andfair share agreements forregional improvements. 6. Please addasection onannual events that utilize other modes ofmobility suchasthe Ironman, Honu, KonaMarathon, Revel, andothers. 7. AUse Occupancy Agreement isrequired forallabove ground electrical lines above 25kilovolt andallunderground electrical lines. 8. AUse andOccupancy Permit approved bytheHDOT, ROW Branch isrequired forany useoftheHDOT ROW. IftheHDOT requires theROW for futurehighway project(s), Ifyou haveany questions, please contact Jeyan Thirugnanam, Systems Planning Engineer, Highways Division, Planning Branch at (808) 587-6336 orbyemail at jeyan.thirugnanam@hawaii.gov. Please reference filereview number PS2021-142. Sincerely, JADE T. BUTAY Director ofTransportation DAVID Y.IGE o/ •y\'s9 KEITH T.HAYASHI GOVERNOR d ,,t INTERIM SUPERINTENDENT 11, COM PLANNING DEPT SEP 20 2021 PH12:12 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION RE 'D BY MAILL P O. BOX 2360 HONOLULU. HAWAII 96804 OFFICE OF FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS September 16, 2021 Zendo Kern, Director County of Hawaii Department of Planning 101 Pauahi Street. Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 Re: Special Management Use Permit and Change of Zoning Applications for the Kumu Hou Project at Waikoloa, Waikoloa, Hawaii, TMK (3)6-9-008:013 por., 021 , 022, 025, 027 por.. 028 por., 029 por., 031 por., & 033 (PL-SMA-2021- 000001, PL-SMA-2021-000002, PL-SMA-2021-000003, PL-SMA-2021-000004, PL-REZ-2021-000004; PL-REZ-2021-000005) Dear Mr. Kern: Thank you for your email dated August 17, 2021. The Hawaii State Department of Education (Department) has the following comments on the four Special Management Use Permit application and two Change of Zoning applications for the Kumu Hou Project at Waikoloa (Project). According to the application package the Waikoloa Land Company proposes to develop 900 timeshare units and 25 single-family units located at Waikoloa, Island of Hawaii, TMK (3)6- 9-008:013 por., 021, 022, 025, 027 por., 028 por.. 029 por., 031 por., and 033. The application package correctly identifies Waikoloa Elementary & Middle School and Kealakehe High School as servicing the Project. Both schools are operating at capacity and will continue to operate at this level over the next five years. The Department anticipates that approximately nine public school students will reside in the Project Although the Project is located within the West Hawaii School Impact Fee District it is covered by an Educational Contribution Agreement (ECA), requiring the dedication of a 12-acre school site, with the Waikoloa Land Company. Hawaii Revised Statutes 302A- 1603(b)(4) exempts any development with an executed ECA or other like document with the Department from paying school impact fees. The Waikoloa Elementary and Middle School was constructed on the dedicated land. AN AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER Zendo Kern September 16, 2021 Page 2 Thank you for the opportunity to comment. Should you have questions please contact Robyn Loudermilk, School Lands and Facilities Specialist of the Facilities Development Branch, Planning Section, at (808) 784-5093 or by email at robyn.loudermilk@k12.hi.us. Sincerely, II Roy Ikeda Interim Public Works Manager Planning Section RI:rll STATE OFHAWAII DAVIDY. IGE GOVERNOROFFICEOFPLANNING MARYALICEEVANSSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTDIRECTOR 235SouthBeretaniaStreet, 6thFloor, Honolulu, Hawaii96813 Telephone: (808) 587-2846 MailingAddress: P.O. Box2359, Honolulu, Hawaii96804 Fax: (808) 587-2824 Web: https://planning.hawaii.gov/ DTS202109130749LI Coastal Zone Management September 15, 2021Program Environmental ReviewProgram Mr. Zendo Kern, Director LandUse Department ofPlanning Commission County ofHawaii EastHawaii OfficeLandUseDivision 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 SpecialPlans Hilo, Hawaii 96720Branch StateTransit- Attention: Mr. Christian Kay Oriented Development Dear Mr. Kern: Statewide Geographic Subject: Special Management Area UsePermit andChange ofZoneApplications forInformationSystemtheKumuHouProjectinWaikoloaBeachResort, Anaehoomalu, South Kohala, Hawaii; TaxMapKey (TMK): (3) 6-9-008: 013 (por.), 021, 022, Statewide Sustainability 025, 027 (Por.), 028 (Por.), 029 (Por.), 031, and033Program Thank you forthe opportunity toprovide comments onthesubject Special Management Area (SMA) UsePermit and Change ofZone applications, transmitted viamemorandum dated August 16, 2021. According totheapplication package provided, theWaikoloa Land Company isseeking towithdraw Kumu Houfromtheexisting SMAUse Permit No. 25andrequest threenewSMA UsePermits forthese withdrawn areas. ThreenewSMAUsePermits arerequested topermit thedevelopment ofsingle- family lots, multifamily timeshare units, new golfcourse facilities, public parks, anewbrackish water irrigation system, andother associated infrastructure and amenities. Theproposed developments willoccurinthreenon-contiguous Areas. Itisanticipated thatthese separate SMApermits willfacilitate the County'smanagement ofthese areasandallow theestablishment ofconditions thataremostrelevant toeach. Theproposed project areahaslongbeen designated forresort usebythe County andState. The Federal Flood Insurance Rate Mapidentifies theentireProject Area aswithin ZoneX, oroutside ofthefivehundred yearflood area. The Kumu HouProject Areadoesnotabuttheshoreline, andtheclosest point tothe shoreline isapproximately 3,000feet. The applications conclude thattheKumu Mr. Zendo Kern September 15, 2021 Page2 HouProject willhave noeffect onhistoric properties, andisnotexpected toimpact traditional fishing orgathering along the coast. The subject permit/approval requests related totheKumu HouatWaikoloa Project include: 1) SMA Use Permit No. PL-SMA-2021-000001 toamend SMAUse Permit No.25toremove AreaA, AreaBandArea C, total 182.9acres, TMKs: 6-9- 008: 013 (por.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (por.), 028 (por.), 029 (por.), 031 (por.), and033. 2) SMA Use Permit No. PL-SMA-2021-000002 toallow 264Multi-Family timeshare units andrelatedinfrastructure 38.6acres, TMKs: 6-9-008: 021, 027, 028 and031 3) SMA UsePermit No. PL-SMA-2021- 000003 toallow 25Single -Family residential lotsandrelated infrastructure inArea L2 of "Area A", total7.3 acres, TMKs: 6-9- 008: 021and028. 4) SMA UsePermit No. PL-SMA-2021-000004 toallow 900Multi -Family timeshare units andrelocated golfclubhouse/driving range, parks, wells/ irrigation within project AreasBandC, total 136.9acres, TMKs: 6- 9-008: 013 por.), 022, 025, 028 (por.), 029 (por.) and033. 5) Change ofZoneApplication (PL-REZ-2021-000004, Request: from Open and Multi-Family residential RM-8toRM-6andSingle-Family residential RS-10 for approximately 45.9acres, TMKs: 6-9-008: 021, 027, 028and031. 6) Change ofZone Application PL-REZ-2021- 000005, Request: fromOpen, RM-4, RM-6, RM-8andCommercial CV-10toProject District for approximately 133.8acres, TMKs: 6-9-008: 013 (por.), 022, 025, 029 (por.) and033. The OPSD has reviewed therequest, andhasthefollowing comments tooffer: 1. The intent ofthenew SMA permits istosupport separate governance structures and conditions thatwillberelevant todiffering development plans andownership anticipated foreachofthethreeareas. Itisnoted thatWaikoloa Land Company isthe applicant foralltheSMA usepermit applications. Please ensure thattheapplicant andtheowner foreach ofthree areas are responsible forcomplying withallforegoing conditions iftheSMA Use Permits aregranted. Mr. Zendo Kern September 15, 2021 Page3 2. The applications statethat theproposed structures will beatorlessthan theallowable height offorty-fivefeet forresidential uses, orthirty feetforcommercial/community uses. Ifgranted, inaddition tosite-specific mitigation measures inlandscaping and building design, theOPSD suggests thatacondition forthemaximum height ofthe proposed structures beimposed within theproject areatomitigate potential interference anddetraction fromtheproposed developments ofthe lineofsight toward and alongthecoast, orfromthe highway nearest thecoast. Ifyouhaveanyquestions regarding thiscomment letter, please contact Shichao Liofour office at (808) 587-2841. Sincerely, MaryAlice Evans Director 5'k shpclha al gaw/i r11 J r ,iiJdmOg SIAIMM,A.I it nuturvated tstSE jto HPO u Hou at aillkela sr A and Change of Zone ApIp is tUon SuIrmilked Closed 0ate 2O211PROO991 did Project Review Ncr.AXdGvdu'yf BalGA Vk«H fl.aMtfl'Bi UMW/X:121 0.1'ik'Piv1ro'bnrvd 7 K .GI u.FY;: I,L Uvl atav dugae alAla KAllakb. fT.iNt Ala ^MXb a'nllT.rvvalea a'E4^xl w.thesREurrprnpril .tx Owa rr aim. September16, 2021 TO: ChristianKay, HawaiiCountyPlanningDepartment Tracie-LeeCamero, HawaiiCountyPlanningDepartment FROM:Jackson Bauer, TrailsandAccessSpecialistV SUBJECT: SMAUsePermitandChange ofZoneApplications; Waikoloa LandCompany, TMKs (3) 6-9- 008:013, :021 :022, :027, :029, :031, and :033, ‘Anaeho‘omalu, SouthKohala LandandNaturalResources, thanksyoufortheopportunitytocomment onthesubjectSMAUsePermit andChangeofZoneapplication fortheKumuHouProjectproposedbytheWaikoloaLandCompany. We applaudtheWaikoloa LandCompany’sinclusiveprocessandwillingness toincorporateourconcerns intotheirprojectplans. OnJuly9, 2021, WaikoloaLandCompany hostedameeting withustogatherourinputforthisproject andtoreviewthesitestobeimpacted. Theirarcheological teamandrepresentatives fromtheAla KahakaiNational HistoricTrailwerealsoinattendance. Averypositivediscussion ensuedandresultedin agreement topreserve thenetworkoftrailsthroughthearea, particularly inAreaB, TMK (3) 6-9- 008:033. Anamended planproposalwasprovidedtousataJuly15Zoommeetingthatreflectedour concerns. MycommentsinthisletterareinresponsetotherevisedDraftAISbyHaun & Associates, datedAugust2021, thatwassubmitted tothePlanningDepartment tosupplement thesubjectSMAUse Permit application. Sites26871and31230mauka-makaitrailnetwork WeapplaudWaikoloaLandCompany’seagernessto preservethetrails andrevisetheirplansin consideration ofthem. Theoutcomeofourmeetings wastheApplicant’scommitment topreservethetrailalignments with30-ftpreservation buffers, however, theAugust 2021revisedDraftAISdoesnotreflectany preservation buffers (though isshowninFigure31, Proposeddevelopment plan) Theirreviseddesignsalsoincludedaninterpretivekioskareaalongwheretheirproposed pathwaypassthetrail, however nosignageisdiscussedintheAugust2021DraftAIS. Atourmeetings, itwasalsodiscussed theApplicant’scommitmenttomaintain thebuffer corridorfromanylitterorerrantgolfballs, however thisisnotmentioned intheAugust2021 DraftAIS. Division ofForestry andWildlifeDepartment ofLand andNatural Resources19 E. Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720 Recommendation: ThefinalAISshoulddiscussthepreparation ofaPreservation PlanreflectingWaikoloa Land Company’srevisedplanstoincludeatrailpreservation corridor (includingthetrail alignmentand30-footbuffersforbothsites26871and31230), aninterpretive kiosknear theintersection ofthetrailandpavedpath, andamaintenanceregimewithinthebuffers. Wherepossible, wesuggestexpanding thepreservation buffer toincluderepresentative archeological sitesthatwerenotplannedforpreservation, butyetmaycontinuetotellthe storyofthehumanuseoftheareaalongthetrail (forexample, resource excavations, modifiedseabirdburrows, abraderbasins, etc.). Interpretive signagedetailingthese featureswouldalsobeaplus. Wewouldalsorecommend theWaikoloa LandCompanycreateapublicaccesspaththat wouldconnectsite31230tothePetroglyphareaandKing’sTrail (makaiofthesubject projectarea). Itislikelyasuchatrailexistedpriortotheexistingdevelopment ofthearea. Forerunner Trail, site26880 thTheApplicanthostedasitevisitonSeptember14toreview theareawithinAreaA, TMK (3) 6- 9-008:027wheredevelopment planscloselyapproachtheForerunner Trail. WaikoloaLandCompany committed toremoveanyironwoodtreesthatencroached onthetrail andwithinitsbuffers, cuttingthestumpsasflushtothegroundaspossible. Itwasunderstood andagreeduponthatremovingthestumpsthemselveswouldcreatecounter-productive ground disturbance tothesite. Additionally, theApplicantcommitted toremoving asmuch ironwoodduffasfeasible (whileavoidingdisturbing theunderlayingrocksurface). Recommendations: ThefinalAISshoulddiscussthepreparation ofaPreservation Planreflecting theremovalof theironwood treesandduff. Additionally, thePreservation Planshouldincludethatduringconstruction, temporary orangefencingshouldbeusedtodemarcatethebufferboundaries sothatinadvertent encroachment doesnotoccurtothesite. Traillandownership Thearchaeological assessment inadditiontoourownstaffanalysesdeterminesthatthetrail networkhere (similar toothersacrossthisbroadlandscape) arehistoricinageandtherefore maybeclaimedasState-ownedpertheHighways Actof1892. Recommendations: SubdivisionandTMK mapsshouldbeupdatedtoreflecttheownershipofthesetrailparcels. Thankyoufortheopportunity tocomment onthesubjectSMAUsePermitandChangeofZone applicationfortheKumuHouProjectproposed bytheWaikoloaLandCompany. Again, wetruly appreciate thecooperativesentiment working withtheApplicant. Pleasefeelfreetocontactmeat808- 657-8041orjackson.m.bauer@hawaii.govtodiscussanyquestionsorcommentsyoumayhave. Cc: StateHistoricPreservation Division DLNRLandDivision AlaKahakaiNational HistoricTrail Waikoloa LandCompany IN REPLY REFER IO: September 17, 2021 Zendo Kem Planning Director County of Hawaii 101 Pauahi Street Hilo, HI 96720 United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail 73-4786 Kanalani St., Suite 14 Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 RE: SUBMITTAL OF SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS (PL-SMA-2021-000001, 000002, 000003, 0000004 AND PL-REZ-2021-000004 AND 000005) FOR WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY, TMKS: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033. Mr. Kem: Thank you for providing the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail with the opportunity to submit comments on Special Management Area Use Permit Application (PL-SMA-2021-000001, 000002, 000003, 0000004 AND PL-REZ-2021-000004 and 000005) for Waikoloa Land Company, North Kona, Hawai'i. TMKS: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), and 033. The National Park Service (NPS) administers the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail (NHT), added to the National Trails System by the U.S. Congress on November 13, 2000 (Public Law 106-509). In January 2009, the Ala Kahakai NHT Comprehensive Management Plan (CMP) and EIS were adopted as policy and listed in the Federal Register. The legislation authorizing the Ala Kahakai NHT identifies an approximately 175-mile portion of prehistoric ala loa, and other trails on or parallel to the seacoast extending from Upolu Point on the northern tip of Hawaii Island down the west coast of the island around South Point to the east boundary of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. The Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail combines surviving elements of the ala loa with segments of later alanui aupuni, which was developed on or parallel to traditional routes, mauka-makai trails, and more recent pathways and roads that create links between the historic segments. The preservation and protection of natural and cultural resources and landscapes, as well as viewscapes, are vital to the mission of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail. Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail was established to administer the preservation and protect, reestablish as necessary, and maintain the ancient coastal ala loa and associated resources and values, along with linking trails on or parallel to the shoreline. The goal is to provide high quality experience, enjoyment and education guided by Native Hawaiian protocol and etiquette while protecting the trait's natural and cultural heritage and respecting private and community interests. The 175 mile trail corridor includes those trails found within the Kumu Hou Project area. Waikoloa Kumu Hou Project area occurs in three non-contiguous areas, all situated mauka of the Kiholo-Puako Trail in Waikoloa Beach Resort. All areas are adjacent to existing developments including Kings' Land by Hilton Grand Vacations timeshare properties, portions of the Kings' Course, and/or the Waikoloa Beach Villas condominium. The areas are accessible off Waikoloa Beach Drive, which connects to Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. The project area is home to important cultural resources that include the remains of significant prehistoric Hawaiian trails, abrader quarrying and manufacturing areas, and temporary habitation features. Ala Kahakai NHT's comments will primarily concentrate on cultural resources within or abutting Area A or J2 (Archaeological Area 7 & 8), adjacent to the ancient ala loa, or forerunner trail, and Area B (Archaeological Area 1) the undeveloped cultural landscape between the maintenance road and Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. The remaining project areas are for the most part being redeveloped. Ala Kahakai NHT commends the applicant for acknowledging the existing trails within the proposed development and the concerns reflected within the Cultural Impact Assessment. It is with intent to minimize impacts to the cultural resources, as well as the lifestyles of the residents of Hawaii Island, that we are providing the following comments regarding the rezoning, and SMA permit. Area A-J2 Waikoloa Kumu Hou Project Area A -J2 (Archaeological Areas 7 & 8) abuts the predecessor to the King's Trail (50-10-10-10308), the ancient ala loa on the makai side of the project area. The ancient ala loa or forerunner trail (50-10-10-11334) parallels the King's Trail, or Kiholo-Puako trail and are mostly preserved within the Waikoloa Resort. Because the forerunner trail is not physically within J2, no preservation considerations have been considered within the current SMA or AIS. The forerunner trail is currently being impacted by ironwood trees planted along the boundary of the project area and the trail. Ironwoood trees were found growing within the forerunner trail tread and the needles from the trees blanket the trail. According to Waikoloa Land Company (WLC) staff the buffer for this trail is 10 feet. Haun and Associates and WLC staff were made aware of the forerunner trail and the concerns expressed by Ala Kahakai NHT and Na Ala Hele. A site visit was conducted to explain concerns, this resulting in the re-identification and delineation of the trail by Haun and Associates archeologists. A second site visit was conducted to discuss methods for removing the trees and needle deposits. Regarding the proposed development of J2, Ala Kahakai NHT requests that the possible impacts on the ancient ala loa or forerunner trail be acknowledged within the current SMA and Archeological Inventory Survey as well as any future Preservation Plan developed for this project. Ala Kahakai NHT recommends that an additional 30-foot buffer and vegetative transition occur between the proposed built structures in J2 and the trail preservation area. The purpose of this recommendation is to soften the impact of the more densely developed project area on the trail user's experience. The wider buffer along the forerunner trail will also ensure no further development encroachment/creep will occur along the trail and buffer. 2 Area B -Archeological Area 1 Waikoloa Kumu Hou Project Area B (Archaeological Area 1) is an undeveloped cultural landscape between the maintenance road on the west side of Archeological Area 1 and Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. Of the 418 features identified in this project and previous archeological surveys, the majority (416) are located within Archeological Area 1 of the project area. The two additional excavation features are located in Archeological Area 2 (Feature 239) and Archeological Area 3 (Feature 240). No sites were identified in the remaining survey areas. The trails within Archeological Area 1 are primarily trails that link the mauka region with the ala loa/forerunner trail or the coastal settlements such as Anaeho' omalu and Waiulua bays. As postulated in the AIS, sites 26871 and 31230 are part of the same mauka-makai trail network. The two trail sites are located within an a'a dominant flow section and are separated by a relatively flat pahoehoe section where curbing and or a singular alignment would not be necessary. Because the traveler was not relegated to a singular alignment in the pahoehoe, multiple branches are found on both mauka and makai sides. During a site visit with Haun and Associates archeologist, we visited site 26873, the location of a previously excavated lava tube and other features on a pahoehoe rise in the cultural landscape. Two worn trail sections were identified between the maintenace road and site 26873, feature F, and an undocumented trail that is directly above the excavated lava tube (feature A). Within the overall trail network, these trails appear to link to the natural pahoehoe area and 26871 and 31230 and possibly led the makai bound trail user in the direction of the ancient ala loa and/or Anaeho'omalu Bay. Site 26873, is currently recommended as "No further work". Site 26873 including the two trail features that extend beyond the site boundary are not in the proposed area of development and Ala Kahakai NHT would like the recommended treatment to be "Preservation". Another recent site visit related to the possible Daniel K Inouye Highway extension project was conducted on the mauka side of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway across from the subject project area (2016. Wolforth, T., G. Escott, and L., McGerty). The mauka extensions of the trails found within the Kumu Hou Archeological Area 1 were tracked into a large pahoehoe kipuka, where the trails branch in multiple directions, to the north, south and east. Most of the pahoehoe kipukas mauka of Queen Ka' ahumanu Highway are linked by ancient trails. Ala Kahakai NHT commends the Waikoloa Land Company for their early efforts to consult and preserve trails. Ala Kahakai NHT recommends that the archeological firm responsible for the forthcoming Preservation Plan continue to work with Na Ala Hele and Ala Kahakai NHT, as well as the County of Hawaii Cultural Resource Commission and Native Hawaiian descendants to reflect recommended mitigation and preservation measures. Ala Kahakai NHT recommends that a minimum 30-foot preservation buffer be applied to preserved trail sections, and in addition, the natural pahoehoe area between the two sites 26871 and 31230 also be preserved as part of the trail network. 3 Ala Kahakai NHT recommends that archeological sites 26871, 31230, and 26873 be considered and evaluated as significant under State of Hawaii Historic Preservation significance criterion "e" (HAR§ 13-284-6). In summary, Ala Kahakai NHT commends that the Applicant on early consultation with Na Ala Hele and Ala Kahakai NHT. The National Park Service thanks the County of Hawaii and the Applicant for recognizing Ala Kahakai NHT in the Waikoloa Kumu Hou Project area. Ala Kahakai NHT is looking forward to working with the landowners and communities of North Kona and South Kohala to continue managed access along this unique and important section of the Ala Kahakai NHT corridor. Thank you for the opportunity to provide these comments. We look forward to our continuing communication on this proposed project. Please contact me, 808-217-0307, or our resource staff archeologist, Rick Gmirkin, at ext. 808-326-6012xl02 to discuss any questions you may have on our comments. Sincerely, ARIC ARAKAKI Digitally signed by ARIC ARAKAKI Date: 2021.09.21 11 :06:14 -10'00' Ari c Arakaki Superintendent cc: State of Hawaii, DLNR, Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Na Ala Hele State of Hawaii, DLNR, State Historic Preservation Division Office of Hawaiian Affairs NPS Pacific West Region 4 United States Department of the Interior FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE ROH 33% Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3-122 Honolulu, Hawai`i 96850 In Reply Refer To: 01EPIF00-2021-TA-0458 Zendo Kern Planning Director, County of Hawai`i 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai`i 96720 E.N. 1 FISH & WILDLIFEIIUII'E SERVICE September 10, 2021 Subject: Technical Assistance for the Proposed Kumu Hou Project at Waikoloa, Island of Hawai`i Dear Zendo Kern: Thank you for your recent correspondence requesting technical assistance on species biology, habitat, or life requisite requirements. The Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (PIFWO) of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) appreciates your efforts to avoid or minimize effects to protected species associated with your proposed actions. We provide the following information for your consideration under the authorities of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), as amended. Due to significant workload constraints, PIFWO is currently unable to specifically address your information request. The table below lists the protected species most likely to be encountered by projects implemented within the Hawaiian Islands. Based on your project location and description, we have noted the species most likely to occur within the vicinity of the project area, in the `Occurs In or Near Project Area' column. Please note this list is not comprehensive and should only be used for general guidance. We have added to the PIFWO website, located at https://www.fws.gov/pacificislands/promo.cfm?id=177175840 recommended conservation measures intended to avoid or minimize adverse effects to these federally protected species and best management practices to minimize and avoid sedimentation and erosion impacts to water quality. If your project occurs on the island of Hawai`i, we have also enclosed our biosecurity protocol for activities in or near natural areas. If you are representing a federal action agency, please request an official species list following the instructions at our PIFWO https://www.fws.gov/pacificislands/articles.cfm?id=149489558. You can find out if your project occurs in or near designated critical habitat here: https://ecos.fws.gov/ipac/. Under section 7 of the ESA, it is the Federal agency's (or their non -Federal designee) responsibility to make the determination of whether or not the proposed project "may affect" federally listed INTERIOR REGION 9 INTERIOR REGION 12 COLUMBIA—PACIFIC NORTHWEST PACIFIC ISLANDS IDAHO, MONTANA*, OREGON*, WASHINGTON AMERICAN SAMOA, GUAM, HAWAII, NORTHERN PARTIAL MARIANA ISLANDS Zendo Kern 2 species or designated critical habitat. A "may affect, not likely to adversely affect" determination is appropriate when effects to federally listed species are expected to be discountable (i.e., unlikely to occur), insignificant (minimal in size), or completely beneficial. This conclusion requires written concurrence from the Service. If a "may affect, likely to adversely affect" determination is made, then the Federal agency must initiate formal consultation with the Service. Projects that are determined to have "no effect" on federally listed species and/or critical habitat do not require additional coordination or consultation. Implementing the avoidance, minimization, or conservation measures for the species that may occur in your project area will normally enable you to make a "may affect, not likely to adversely affect" determination for your project. If it is determined that the proposed project may affect federally listed species, we recommend you contact our office early in the planning process so that we may assist you with the ESA compliance. If the proposed project is funded, authorized, or permitted by a Federal agency, then that agency should consult with us pursuant to section 7( a)(2) of the ESA. If no Federal agency is involved with the proposed project but take of listed species cannot be fully avoided, the project should begin development of a Habitat Conservation Plan in order to obtain an Incidental Take Permit under section 10(a)(1)(B) of the ESA. We appreciate your efforts to conserve endangered species. We regret that we cannot provide you with more specific protected species information for your project site. If you have questions that are not answered by the information on our website, you can contact PIFWO at (808) 792-9400 and ask to speak to the lead biologist for the island where your project is located. Sincerely, CHELSIE JAVAR- SALAS Digitally signed by CHELSIE JAVAR- SALAS Date: 2021.09.10 18:42:16 - 10'00' Acting Island Team Manager Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office Enclosures: Federal Status of Animal Species Federal Status of Plant Species Recommended Standard Aquatic Best Management Practices Biosecurity Protocol — Hawai`i Island cc: Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office Administrative Staff Zendo Kern 3 The table below lists the protected species most likely to be encountered by projects implemented within the Hawaiian Islands. For your guidance, we have marked species that may occur in the vicinity of your project, this list is not comprehensive and should only be used for general guidance. Enclosure 1. Federal Status of Animal Species Scientific Name Common Name / Federal May Occur Hawaiian Name Status In Project Area Mammals Lasiurus cinereus semotus Hawaiian hoary bat/`ape ` ape' a E Reptiles Chelonia mydas green sea turtle/honu Central North Pacific distinct population segment DPS) T Eretmochelys imbricata hawksbill sea turtle/ honu 'ea or 'ea E Birds Anas wyvilliana Hawaiian duck/koloa E Branta sandvicensis Hawaiian goose/nene T Fulica alai Hawaiian coot/`alae ke`oke`o E Gallinula galeata sandvicensis Hawaiian gallinule/`alae 'lila E Himantopus mexicanus knudseni Hawaiian stilt/ae`o E Oceanodroma castro band-rumped storm -petrel Hawaii DPSi' ake`ake E Pterodroma sandwichensis Hawaiian petrel/`ua`u E Puffinus auricularis newelli Newell's shearwater/`a`o T Ardenna pacificus wedge-tailed Shearwater/`ua`u kani MBTA Buteo solitarius Hawaiian hawk/`io MBTA Gygis alba white tern/manu-o-ku MBTA Arthopods Hylaeus anthracinus anthricinan yellow -faced bee E Manduca blackburni Blackburn's sphinx moth E Megalagrion pacificum Pacific Hawaiian damselfly E Megalagrion xanthomelas orangeblack Hawaiian damselfly E Megalagrion nigrohamatum nigrolineatum blackline Hawaiian damselfly E Procaris hawaiana anchialine pool shrimp E Vetericaris chaceorum anchialine pool shrimp E Zendo Kern Enclosure 2. Federal Status of Plant SUecies 4 Plants Scientific Name Common Name Federal Locations Mav or Hawaiian Name Status Occur In Project Area Abutilon menziesii ko`oloa`ula E 0, L, M, H Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata ewa hinahina E 0 Bonamia menziesii no common name E K, 0, L, M, H Canavalia pubescens awikiwiki E Ni, K, L, M Colubrina oppositifolia kauila E 0, M, H Cyperus trachysanthos pu`uka`a E K, 0 Gouania hillebrandii no common name E Mo, M Hibiscus brackenridgei ma`o hau hele E 0, Mo, L, M, H Ischaemum byrone Hilo ischaemum E K, 0, Mo, M, H Isodendrion pyrifolium wahine noho kula E 0, H Marsilea villosa ihi` ihi E Ni, 0, Mo Mezoneuron kavaiense uhiuhi E 0, H im Nothocestrum breviflorum aiea E H Panicum fauriei var. carteri Carter's panicgrass E Molokini Islet (0), Mo Panicum niihauense lau'ehu E K Peucedanum sandwicense makou E K, 0, Mo, M Pleomele (Chrysodracon) hawaiiensis halapepe E H Portulaca sclerocarpa ihi E L, H Portulaca villosa ihi E Le, Ka, Ni, 0, Mo, M, L, H, Nihoa Pritchardia affinis maideniana) loulu E H im Pseudognaphalium sandwicensium var. molokaiense ena` ena E Mo, M Scaevola coriacea dwarf naupaka E Mo, M Schenkia (Centaurium) sebaeoides awiwi E K, 0, Mo, L, M Sesbania tomentosa ohai E Ni, Ka, K, 0, Mo, M, L, H, Necker, Nihoa im Tetramolopium rockii no common name T Mo Vigna o-wahuensis no common name E Mo, M, L, H, Ka Location key: 0=0`ahu, K=Kaua`i, M=Maui, H=island of Hawai`i, L=Lana`i, Mo=Molokai, Ka=Kaho `olawe, Ni=Ni `ihau, Le=Lehua Zendo Kern 5 Enclosure 3. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recommended Standard Best Management Practices The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) recommends the following measures to be incorporated into project planning to avoid or minimize impacts to fish and wildlife resources. Best Management Practices (BMPs) include the incorporation of procedures or materials that may be used to reduce either direct or indirect negative impacts to aquatic habitats that result from project construction -related activities. These BMPs are recommended in addition to, and do not over -ride any terms, conditions, or other recommendations prepared by the USFWS, other federal, state or local agencies. If you have questions concerning these BMPs, please contact the USFWS Aquatic Ecosystems Conservation Program at 808-792-9400. 1. Authorized dredging and filling -related activities that may result in the temporary or permanent loss of aquatic habitats should be designed to avoid indirect, negative impacts to aquatic habitats beyond the planned project area. 2. Dredging/filling in the marine environment should be scheduled to avoid coral spawning and recruitment periods, and sea turtle nesting and hatching periods. Because these periods are variable throughout the Pacific islands, we recommend contacting the relevant local, state, or federal fish and wildlife resource agency for site specific guidance. 3. Turbidity and siltation from project -related work should be minimized and contained within the project area by silt containment devices and curtailing work during flooding or adverse tidal and weather conditions. BMPs should be maintained for the life of the construction period until turbidity and siltation within the project area is stabilized. All project construction -related debris and sediment containment devices should be removed and disposed of at an approved site. 4. All project construction -related materials and equipment (dredges, vessels, backhoes, silt curtains, etc.) to be placed in an aquatic environment should be inspected for pollutants including, but not limited to; marine fouling organisms, grease, oil, etc., and cleaned to remove pollutants prior to use. Project related activities should not result in any debris disposal, non-native species introductions, or attraction of non-native pests to the affected or adjacent aquatic or terrestrial habitats. Implementing both a litter -control plan and a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point plan (HACCP — see https://www.fws.gov/policy/A1750fw1.html) can help to prevent attraction and introduction of non-native species. 5. Project construction -related materials (fill, revetment rock, pipe, etc.) should not be stockpiled in, or in close proximity to aquatic habitats and should be protected from erosion e.g., with filter fabric, etc.), to prevent materials from being carried into waters by wind, rain, or high surf. 6. Fueling of project -related vehicles and equipment should take place away from the aquatic environment and a contingency plan to control petroleum products accidentally spilled during the project should be developed. The plan should be retained on site with the person Zendo Kern 6 responsible for compliance with the plan. Absorbent pads and containment booms should be stored on-site to facilitate the clean-up of accidental petroleum releases. 7. All deliberately exposed soil or under -layer materials used in the project near water should be protected from erosion and stabilized as soon as possible with geotextile, filter fabric or native or non-invasive vegetation matting, hydro -seeding, etc. Zendo Kern 7 Enclosure 4. BIOSECURITY PROTOCOL — HAWAI`I ISLAND The following biosecurity protocol (based on National Park Service, State of Hawaii, U.S. Fish and Wildlife, U.S. Geological Survey, and the DOI Office of Native Hawaiian Relations guidance) should be followed when operating on Hawaii Island to prevent the introduction of harmful invasive species including frogs, ants, weeds, and fungi into local natural areas (e.g., Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, State of Hawaii "Natural Areas") and areas with native habitat (habitat that is primarily composed of native vegetation), other islands in Hawaiian archipelago, or the U.S. mainland. The protocol also includes suggestions for keeping field staff safe from certain invasive species. 1. All work vehicles, machinery, and equipment should be cleaned, inspected by its user, and found free of mud, dirt, debris and invasive species prior to entry into the natural areas or native habitat. a. Vehicles, machinery, and equipment must be thoroughly pressure washed in a designated cleaning area and visibly free of mud, dirt, plant debris, insects, frogs including frog eggs) and other vertebrate species such as rats, mice and non - vegetative debris. A hot water wash is preferred. Areas of particular concern include bumpers, grills, hood compartments, areas under the battery, wheel wells, undercarriage, cabs, and truck beds (truck beds with accumulated material intentionally placed or fallen from trees) are prime sites for hitchhikers). b. The interior and exterior of vehicles, machinery, and equipment must be free of rubbish and food. The interiors of vehicles and the cabs of machinery must be vacuumed clean. Floor mats shall be sanitized with a solution of >70 percent isopropyl alcohol or a freshly mixed 10 percent bleach solution. c. Any machinery, vehicles, equipment, or other supplies found to be infested with ants or other invasive species) must not enter natural areas or native habitat. Treatment is the responsibility of the equipment or vehicle owner and operator. 2. Little Fire Ants — All work vehicles, machinery, and equipment should be inspected for invasive ants prior to entering the natural areas or native habitat. a. A visual inspection for little fire ants should be conducted prior to entry into natural areas or native habitat. b. Hygiene is paramount but even the cleanest vehicle can pick up a little fire ant. Place MaxForce Complete Brand Granular Insect Bait (1.0 percent Hydramethylnon; http://littlefireants.com/Maxforce%20Complete.pdf) into refillable tamper resistant bait stations. An example of a commercially available refillable tamper resistant bait station is the Ant Cafe Pro (https://www.antcafe.com/). Place a bait station (or stations) in vehicle. Note larger vehicles, such as trucks, may require multiple stations. Monitor bait stations frequently (every week at a minimum) and replace bait as needed. If the station does not have a sticker to identify the contents, apply a sticker listing contents to the station. Zendo Kern 8 c. Any machinery, vehicles, equipment, or other supplies found to be infested with ants or other invasive species) must not enter natural areas or native habitat until it is sanitized and re -tested following a resting period. Infested vehicles must be sanitized following recommendations by the Hawai`i Ant Lab (http://www.littlefireants.com/) or other ant control expert and in accordance with all State and Federal laws. Treatment is the responsibility of the equipment or vehicle owner. d. Gravel, building materials, or other equipment such as portable buildings should be baited using MaxForce Complete Brand Granular Insect Bait (1.0 percent Hydramethylnon; http://littlefireants.com/Maxforce%20Complete.pdf) or AmdroPro 0.73 percent Hydramethylnon; http://littlefireants.com/Amdro percent20Pro.pdf) following label guidance. e. Storage areas that hold field tools, especially tents, tarps, and clothing should be baited using MaxForce Complete Brand Granular Insect Bait (1.0 percent Hydramethylnon; http://littlefireants.com/Maxforce%20Complete.pdf) or AmdroPro 0.73 percent Hydramethylnon; http://littlefireants.com/Amdro%20Pro.pdf) following label guidance. 3. Base yards and staging areas inside and outside areas must be kept free of invasive species. a. Base yards and staging areas should be inspected at least weekly for invasive species and any found invasive removed immediately. Pay particular attention to where vehicles are parked overnight, keeping areas within 10 -meters of vehicles free of debris. Parking on pavement and not under trees, while not always practical is best. b. Project vehicles or equipment stored outside of a base yard or staging area, such as a private residence, should be kept in a pest free area. 4. All cutting tools must be sanitized to prevent the Rapid `Ohi`a Death (ROD) fungus. a. Avoid wounding `ohi`a trees and roots with mowers, chainsaws, weed eaters, and other tools. Cut only the minimum amount of trees and branches as approved for the project. b. All cutting tools, including machetes, chainsaws, and loppers must be sanitized to remove visible dirt and other contaminants prior to entry into natural areas or areas with native habitat, and when moving to a new project area within the native habitat area. Tools may be sanitized using a solution of >70 percent isopropyl alcohol or a freshly mixed 10 percent bleach solution. One minute after sanitizing, you may apply an oil based lubricant to chainsaw chains or other metallic parts to prevent corrosion. c. Only dedicated tools and chainsaws should be used to sample known or suspected ROD infected trees. d. Vehicles, machinery, and equipment must be cleaned as described in (1) above. 5. Imported firewood, logs, and `Ohi`a parts: a. `Ohi`a firewood, `ohi`a logs, and `ohi`a parts should not be transported. Zendo Kern 9 6. For individuals working in the field: a. Before going into the field, visually inspect and clean your clothes, boots, pack, radio harness, tools and other personal gear and equipment, for seeds, soil, plant parts, insects, and other debris. A small brush is handy for cleaning boots, equipment and gear. Soles of shoes should be sanitized using a solution of >70 percent isopropyl alcohol or a freshly mixed 10 percent bleach solution. b. Immediately before leaving the field, visually inspect and clean your clothes, boots, pack, radio harness, tools, and other personnel gear and equipment, for seeds, soil, plant parts, insects, and other debris. Soles of shoes should be sanitized using a solution of >70 percent isopropyl alcohol or a freshly mixed 10 percent bleach solution. c. Little fire ants nest in trees. If you are under a tree and that tree is bumped or somehow stressed, the threat response of the ants is to fall from the leaves and sting the person under the tree. If you are subject to an ant attack, do not panic. The ants are extremely small but their stings are painful so make sure you remove all ants from your body and clothing. The stings cause inch long welts that are itchy and painful, and can last for weeks. Treat stings as you would other insect stings. In some persons stings can produce life threatening reactions. Stocking antihistamine in the first aid kit is a reasonable precaution. d. Rat Lungworm disease is caused by a parasite that can infect humans who consume raw or undercooked infected snails or slugs or consume raw produce that contains a small infected snail or slug. Infection is rare but can be serious. Symptoms can include severe headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, nausea, and vomiting anywhere from 1-6 weeks after exposure. The disease is not spread person to person. Anyone who handles snails or slugs should wear gloves and/or wash hands. Eating unwashed produce is discouraged. PBRI..IAWAII ASSOCIATES, INC. RsT,AN IL)UN I SELL Y. l CHUNC N xa carrrrn d ,r'rewl urt, X''rsar<ar+n:k' As1N(4 NT SF91C; 'MUNI Sonrnr t'aaa e rvrrfrr a/Y''i GRANT T BIs0l AMC, ACOS 1 0 4a F9`T"" dLB" 0%' Prim' KIM' 0KAM1"YVJFN LE )"APBD C: d7dr, t"aa ,vort, rare i Prim aymaf N)M SC HNELL, AUC ' Pa,ar, irte t C A"B'1B ,CUL IN, A0S"1'a T0•IY:1MA'S. S. 'W'01 `,,N f `Prrrrrurararr Emeritus W. FRANK BRAN FA 00,1., Pruaerrrffraz, A'raa-srrrsr.. ItAS`A0Sr1WFr F, O'11GA, Pk.SI. f wawa cow p'raaar.Pps da MARC ': OMATSt.J, Associate Principe, 1'a.PB.a:. IENG 1?ON( 1 LEI A1' N,0..1 .14 FR ANN MIF K IF.O EliS WSF,(7C;, B+h r;uftz.d. k.arsrutrur.. RAMSAY R. M.'1',aWM f,`ruJa'a+e ¢J °varorn ebud fal' h91a;:Ao-rMaMHLOFN,ASLA.,0F.r YAU' SeboNflF'.s mr:0.1e 1p:.1±,.AAZa:p CHOLAS FZ Et6NG 4SLA, LEE] 5"S"At.S 1S` Al' SoneoriLsscscescre Ef'B"St1V(a MLA Associateate NA.K,A.B SEL NA BANG AYss4H ate NCa:O 4s S'4A`sAMNSCD: Associate IOW St1(^ I Ma uu, c ?iiA B<oraa,BuVGu 0"0wa0 0968111,1 '114811 CkrV1181111 lV ',r,).tV l'rNx:: 1.11:111111111111 0411111 11... uthreul swS,ntIurain FrInluaWail k::aram punted/ rra re,"yada Pparpu,,:r September 29, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai`i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai`i 96720 SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT, WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6- 9-008: 013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033 Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the State Department of Transportation (HDOT) letter, reference number DIR 0806 HWY-PS 2.6350 (File Review # PS 2021-142), dated September 10, 2021. We are responding on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. Before responding specifically to HDOT's comments, we would like to discuss the relationship of the 2021 Traffic Impact Report (TIR) prepared for Kumu Hou by Wilson Okamoto Corporation (WOC) and included in the Applications within Appendix 2 relative to the County Zoning Code's Traffic Concurrency requirements (Section 25-2- 46). Please note that in addition to conventional TIR guidelines, the TIR was designed to also specifically address this requirement. The Code specifies that mitigation would be required: 1) If the LOSfor any transportation facility in the project area is (A) currently worse than the acceptable level of service, or (B) projected to become worse than the acceptable level ofservice during the five yearperiod ofthe TIAR, any rezoning of the property, if approved, shall contain conditions that require mitigation ofadverse traffic effects before occupancy ofthe project is permitted, or that occupancy be delayed until the level of service has reached the acceptable level and is no longer projected to be worse than the acceptable level. 4 According to the TIR, the existing and projected Level of Service (LOS), particularly within the "five year period of the TIAR" is "D" or better in the vicinity of the project area. This is deemed to be the acceptable threshold. The situation may change beyond the "five year" period, and thus the Applicant is prepared to submit an updated TIAR or TIR, which will include suggested mitigations beyond that point. F'r. I'0`I`FC;I LiItI' • I AA'B It. trA111I' "1.64F s'i"1.911"11LS • 0s. '0` F I F.MF"sr`.';; r'F::.P.. Idl'FV?^.(, i.:vit.APHIC 0.011 s.„ Zendo Kern, Planning Director SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT, WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6- 9- 008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033 September XX, 2021 Page 2 2) Where the LOS deficiency is due to roadway or intersection deficiencies in the immediate vicinity of the project, the conditions of zoning shall require local mitigation. Where the deficiency in LOS is due to insufficient capacity in the transportationfacilities serving theproject area, the conditions ofzoning shall require area mitigation. (emphasis added) 4 The applicant has already made significant improvements at the intersections of the project to the Queen Ka ahumanu Highway (Highway). Notwithstanding those improvements, it will adhere to and implement the 12 additional recommended mitigations outlined in the TIR. Further, as noted earlier, the applicant is prepared to submit an updated TIAR or TIR beyond the 5 -year window and implement appropriate "local" mitigation. 3) Ifthere is more than one way to mitigate an adverse effect, the director shall present to the council the pros and cons ofthe alternatives. 4 We trust that this will be, if needed, reflected in any conditions of approval of the zone change. Our responses are organized below in order of the comments in HDOT's letter. 1. HDOT noted that the State has not programmed the widening of the Queen Ka' ahumanu Highway ( Highway) and thus the traffic analysis should not assume as much. In this respect: a. Without widening of the Highway, anticipated operations at the project intersections are understandably expected to degrade from their current LOS "D" levels due in large measure to the existing ambient traffic and overall growth of the region and not necessarily because ofthis project. Please note that during the five year period following the TIR (2021-2026), which is of relevance to application of the Concurrency code, no residential, timeshare or commercial developments are anticipated to be completed at Kumu Hou. As noted in the Applications, the earliest occupiable facilities are not anticipated until 2027, and development thereafter would occur gradually, with buildout expected in 2045. That is the reason the Applicant is prepared to submit an updated TIAR or TIR beyond that five year period. Please also note that while the Mauna Lani intersection is currently at LOS "F", its condition is not directly related to the project and is located over a mile away. Further, it is our understanding that existing land use entitlements already obligate the developer on the mauka side of the Highway (Aina Le' a) to make signalized improvements at that intersection, which should then improve the LOS. b. Without widening of the Highway, at project completion in 2045, 89% of the increase of the use of the Highway is anticipated to be the result of "regional" and not "proj ect- generated" growth, according to WOC. Zendo Kern, Planning Director SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT, WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6- 9- 008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033 September 29, 2021 Page 3 2. HDOT requested further justification or explanation of traffic study conclusions "that future traffic will be less". WOC responded that its TIR does not indicate that future traffic will be less. Rather, that potential trip generation for Kumu Hou was adjusted to account for internal Resort traffic capture based upon standard engineering practice using the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 684 Internal Capture Worksheet which is also included in the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Handbook. Although the existing and planned uses in the vicinity of Kumu Hou are separate developments, these uses may still have the same interaction characteristics as a mixed-use development with internal capture of trips between complementary uses without adding additional vehicular trips to the external roadways. This reflects the proximity of complementary uses and the availability of multimodal resources within the Resort including pedestrian sidewalks and a Resort shuttle. Trip generation estimates for the nearby Queens Marketplace were conducted based upon available information from the Waikoloa Resort website. The resulting trip generation along with Kumu Hou was then included in the NCHRP worksheet to determine the resulting internal capture between the proposed and existing uses. The worksheet indicates that approximately 10% of trips in the AM peak and 15% trips of during the PM Peak may be attributed to internal capture of trips. As such, these respective shares of trips were not allocated to the external roadways. 3. Regarding mitigation for direct impacts on State roadways, as noted in its February 1, 2021 annual report to the State Land Use Commission, pursuant to agreement between Waikoloa Development Co. ("WDC") and Hilton Resorts Corp. and its affiliates (collectively, Hilton"), traffic improvements constituting a four-way, channelized, signalized intersection at the intersection of Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway and the Waikoloa Beach Drive extension have been constructed; these improvements have been approved by the County of Hawai`i and the State Department of Transportation. Hilton and WDC have satisfied all obligations to (a) construct traffic, roadway, Queen Ka`ahumanu intersection, and all other improvements as agreed to by them, and (b) otherwise perform their respective obligations under the January 9, 1990 Decision and Order in State of Hawaii Land Use Commission Docket No. A89-637 and County of Hawaii Zoning Ordinances 265, 85-75, and 91-112 which affect or are applicable to the subject Kumu Hou property as well as any surrounding Kings' Lands, or which are applicable to or result from the development and use of Kumu Hou and the Kings' Lands, including, but not limited to, all infrastructure improvements and traffic improvements to the Queen Ka`ahumanu Highway. 4. The Applicant believes that any and all obligations toward regional improvements have also been satisfied, as set forth above. 5. As recommended in Wilson Okamoto's June 2021 TIR, the Applicant will prepare an update to the traffic analysis mid -way through development of Kumu Hou, to verify projected traffic conditions and determine additional local mitigations, if necessary and as called for in the Concurrency provision. In conjunction with that update, the study will also verify projected Zendo Kern, Planning Director SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT, WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6- 9- 008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033 September 29, 2021 Page 4 traffic conditions since more updated baseline traffic data could not be collected given the COVID-19 pandemic during Wilson Okamoto's previous study. Since all obligations toward regional improvements have been satisfied to date, no fair share agreements are necessary at this time. 6. Regarding annual events that utilize other modes of mobility, the Applicant notes that HDOT already has a process in place for managing and approving special events that traverse Queen Ka' ahumanu Highway and move in and out of our Resort, such as Lavaman, and the Kona Marathon. Organizers of such events work directly with HDOT to obtain their approval, and the Resort works directly and separately with the event organizer as well. 7. The Applicant acknowledges that Use Occupancy Agreements are required for all above ground electrical lines above 25 kilovolt and all underground electrical lines. 8. The Applicant acknowledges that a Use and Occupancy Permit approved by the HDOT, ROW Branch is required for any use of the HDOT ROW. If the HDOT requires the ROW for future highway project(s), the improvements shall be removed and/or replaced at applicant's expense. Thank you for your participation and sharing of comments regarding Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Director Jade Butay, Department of Transportation Jeyan Thirugnanam, Department of Transportation, Highways Division, Planning Branch PBR HAWAII ASSOCIATES, INC. R. STAN DUNCAN, ASLA President/ Chairman RUSSELL Y. J. CHUNG, FASLA, LEED' AP BD+C Executive Vice-President/Principal VINCENT SHIGEKUNI Senior Vice-President/Principal GRANT T. MURAKAMI, AICP, LEED` AP BD+C Senior Vice-President/Principal KIMI MIKAMI YUEN, LEED' AP BD+C Vice -President / Principal TOM SCHNELL, AICP Principal CALIF, CIJT.i.JSON, MCP Principal THOMAS S. WITTEN, FASLA Chairman Emeritus W. FRANK BRANDT, FASLA Founding Partner RAYMOND T. HIDA, ASLA Associate Principal MARC SHIMATSU, ASLA Associate Principal DACHENG DONG, LEED" AP Associate Principal ANN MIKTKO ROIJSLOG, PhD ProjectDirector RAMSAY R. M. TAUM Cultural Sustainability Planner MICAH McMILLEN, ASLA, LEED' AP Sento, Assouiate NATHALIE RAZO Senior Associate GRACE ZHENG, ASLA, LEED' GA, SITES' AP Senior Associate ETSUYO KILA Associate GREG NAKAI Associate SELENA PANG Associate NICOLE SWANSON Associate 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, Hawaii 66813-3404 Tel: (808) 521-5631 Fax: (808) 523-1402 E mail: sysadminCpbrhawaii.com printed mn recycled paper September 29, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai`i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9- 008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 POR.), AND 033, `ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the letter dated September 16, 2021 from Jackson Bauer, Trails and Access Specialist V of the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW), Na Ala Hele Trails and Access Program (Na Ala Hele). We appreciate Mr. Bauer's recognition of the Applicant's desire to preserve and respect the existing historic trails network through this area, and the productive collaborations hosted between Na Ala Hele, DOFAW, the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail representative, and the Applicant. We offer the following responses on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. Sites 26871 and 31230 Mauka-Makai Trail Network in Kumu Hou The August 2021 draft Archeological Inventory Survey (AIS), prepared for Kumu Hou by Haun & Associates (Appendix 4 to the Applications), is currently under review by the Department of Land and Natural Resources - State Historic Preservation Division SHPD). The Draft AIS shows preliminary land use plans to accommodate Sites 26871 and portions of 31230, believed to be part of an historic mauka-makai trail network (see enclosed conceptual layout). The Applicant is fully committed to providing buffers and related mitigations along the identified trails. The Applicant intends to continue to work closely with the Na Ala Hele and National Park Service (NPS) in conjunction with the development and implementation of an SHPD-approved Preservation Plan. The Preservation Plan will offer more detail on the preservation of these sites, including specific buffers, signage, interpretive kiosks, the location and extent of buffers, potential linkage of Sites 26871 and 31230, and potential relationships to sites outside of Kumu Hou, such as 26873. The approved Preservation Plan will be used as a basis to finalize the development plan for Kumu Hou and incorporated into plans submitted for Plan Approval. PLANNING • LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE • ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES • ENTITLEMENTS / PERMITTING • GRAPHIC DESIGN Director Zendo Kern SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, `ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA September 29, 2021 Page 2 As suggested, the final AIS, to be prepared in accordance with SHPD comments received after it completes its review of the draft, is expected to include a recommendation that the Applicant prepare this Preservation Plan. Site 26880, Forerunner Trail, Outside of Kumu Hou The Applicant notes that Site 26880, also known as the Forerunner Trail, is close to but not within nor directly impacted by the Kumu Hou applications referenced above. However, the Applicant acknowledges its commitment to remove any ironwood trees that encroach on the trail or its buffers, and to conduct other maintenance activities to support the preservation of Site 26880. Additionally, the Preservation Plan to be recommended in the final AIS will specify that special temporary fencing should be used to demarcate buffer boundaries of Site 26880 so that Kumu Hou construction activities do not inadvertently encroach. Trail Landownership The Applicant acknowledges that the State may potentially seek to claim ownership of certain trails under the Highways Act of 1892. Thank you for your participation in this review process and for your comments on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal Enclosures cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Alan Haun, Haun & Associates Jackson Bauer, Trails and Access Specialist V, Na Ala Hele Hawai`i Trail and Access Program PBR HAWAII ASSOCIATES, INC. R. STAN DUNCAN, ASLA President / Chairman RUSSELL Y. J. CHUNG, FASLA, LEED® AP BD+C Executive Vice-President/Principal VINCENT SHIGEKUNI Senior Vice -President/ Principal GRANT T. MURAKAMI, AICP, LEED' AP BD+C Senior Vice-President/Principal KIMI MIKAMI YUEN, LEED® AP BD+C Vice-President/Principal TOM SCHNELL, AICP Principal CATTF. CUL.i.ISOM, MCP Principal THOMAS S. WITTEN, FASLA Chairman Emeritus W. FRANK BRANDT, FASLA Founding Partner RAYMOND T. HIGA, ASLA Associate Principal MARC SHIMATSU, ASLA Associate Principal DACHENG DONG, LEED" AP Associate Principal ANN MIKTKO BOUST.OG, PhD ProjectDirector RAMSAY R. M. TAUM Cultural Sustainability Planner MICAH McMILLEN, ASLA, LEED® AP Sero, Associate NATHALIE RAZO Senior Associate GRACE ZHENG, ASLA, LEED® GA, SITES' AP Senior Associate ETSUYO KILA Associate GREG NAKAI Associate SELENA PANG Associate NICOLE SWANSON Associate 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813-34M Tel: (808) 521-5631 Fax: (808) 523-1402 E-mail: sysadmin@pbrhawaii.com printed on recycled paper October 4, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai`i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai`i 96720 SUBJECT: REVISED AIS AND PRPOSED PRESERVATION PLANS RELATED TO SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, `ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA Dear Director Kern, This is to follow-up to our September 29, 2021 letter response to comments provided on September 16, 2021 by Jackson Bauer, Trails and Access Specialist V of the Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife (DOFAW), Na Ala Hele Trails and Access Program (Na Ala Hele). This letter is offered on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. The May 2021 Archeological Inventory Survey (AIS) prepared for Kumu Hou by Haun Associates and submitted as Appendix 4 to the referenced Applications, has been revised to reflect the reclassification of three archeological sites within Kumu Hou. Specifically, at the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program administered by the National Park Service), Sites 26871, 26873 and 31230, which were previously assessed as significant under Criterion "d" have been additionally assessed as significant under Criterion "e" (cultural value). As such, it is the Applicant's intention to preserve all three sites, and an Archeological Site Preservation Plan (SPP) will be prepared for SHPD review and approval. The attached provides a conceptual plan for the area of preservation, and should be considered an update to the attachment that was included with our letter dated September 29, 2021. The Applicant remains committed to work closely with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program in conjunction with the development and implementation of an SHPD-approved SPP. The SPP will offer more detail including specific buffers, signage, interpretive kiosks PLANNING • LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE • ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES • ENTITLEMENTS / PERMITTING • GRAPHIC DESIGN Director Zendo Kern SUBJECT: REVISED AIS AND PROPOSED PRESERVATION PLANS RELATED TO SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, `ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA October 4, 2021 Page 2 Thank you for your participation in this review process and for managing the comments on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal Enclosure cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Alan Haun, Haun & Associates Jackson Bauer, Trails and Access Specialist V, Na Ala Hele Hawai`i Trail and Access Program LEGEND Potential Trail Fragments Conceptual Setback Areas Preliminary Conceptual Plan 10/03/2021 for Trail Preservation Kumu Hou at Waikoloa V iikoloa Land Company, Inc. Linear Scale li i iaetl 0 100 Island of Hawai'i l/tt PBR HAWAII ASSOCIATES_ INC. PBR HAWAII ASSOCIATES, INC. R. STAN DUNCAN, ASLA President/ Chairman RUSSELL Y. J. CHUNG, FASLA, LEED' AP BD+C Executive Vice-President/Principal VINCENT SHIGEKUNI Senior Vice-President/Principal GRANT T. MURAKAMI, AICP, LEED` AP BD+C Senior Vice-President/Principal KIMI MIKAMI YUEN, LEED' AP BD+C Vice -President / Principal TOM SCHNELL, AICP Principal CALIF, CIJT.i.JSON, MCP Principal THOMAS S. WITTEN, FASLA Chairman Emeritus W. FRANK BRANDT, FASLA Founding Partner RAYMOND T. HIDA, ASLA Associate Principal MARC SHIMATSU, ASLA Associate Principal DACHENG DONG, LEED" AP Associate Principal ANN MIKTKO ROIJSLOG, PhD ProjectDirector RAMSAY R. M. TAUM Cultural Sustainability Planner MICAH McMILLEN, ASLA, LEED' AP SeniurAssouiate NATHALIE RAZO Senior Associate GRACE ZHENG, ASLA, LEED' GA, SITES' AP Senior Associate ETSUYO KILA Associate GREG NAKAI Associate SELENA PANG Associate NICOLE SWANSON Associate 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, Hawaii 66813-3404 Tel: (808) 521-5631 Fax: (808) 523-1402 E mail: sysadminCpbrhawaii.com printed mn recycled paper September 29, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai`i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawaii 96720 SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6- 9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the letter dated September 17, 2021, from Aric Arakaki, Superintendent for the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail (NHT), which is administered by the National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Department of the Interior. The NHT was added to the National Trails System by the U.S. Congress on November 13, 2000 (Public Law 106-509) with intent to preserve, protect and reestablish as necessary ancient coastal ala loa and associated resources near the shoreline, while protecting its natural and cultural heritage and respecting private and community interests. We appreciate Mr. Arakaki's recognition of the Applicant's acknowledgement of existing historic trails network and other cultural resources within the Kumu Hou project area, and of the Applicant's efforts to consult and preserve trails. We offer the following responses on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. Area A — J2 (Site 26880) The Applicant notes that Site 26880, also known as the Forerunner Trail, is close to but not within nor directly impacted by the Kumu Hou applications referenced. However, the Applicant acknowledges its commitment to remove any ironwood trees that encroach on the trail or its buffers, and to conduct other maintenance activities to support the preservation of Site 26880. Additionally, the Preservation Plan to be recommended in the final AIS will specify that special temporary fencing should be used to demarcate buffer boundaries of Site 26880 so that Kumu Hou construction activities do not inadvertently encroach. PLANNING • LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE • ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES • ENTITLEMENTS / PERMITTING • GRAPHIC DESIGN Director Zendo Kern SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, `ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA September 29, 2021 Page 2 Within the Preservation Plan, the Applicant intends to set aside a 30 foot buffer and vegetative transition between the existing identified Forerunner Trail alignment and the proposed buildings in Area J2, where feasible and practical. Area B (Sites 26871 and 31230 Mauka-Makai Trail Network) The August 2021 draft Archeological Inventory Survey (AIS), prepared for Kumu Hou by Haun & Associates, is currently under review by the Department of Land and Natural Resources - State Historic Preservation Division (SHPD). As noted, the Draft AIS shows preliminary land use plans to accommodate Sites 26871 and portions of 31230, believed to be part of an historic mauka-makai trail network (see enclosed conceptual layout). The Applicant is fully committed to providing buffers and related mitigations along the identified trails. As in the past, the Applicant intends to work closely with the Na Ala Hele and National Park Service (NPS) in conjunction with the development and implementation of an SHPD-approved Preservation Plan, The Preservation Plan will offer more detail on the preservation of these sites, including specific buffers, signage, interpretive kiosks, the location and extent of buffers, potential linkage of Sites 26871 and 31230, etc. The approved Preservation Plan will be used as a basis to finalize the Applicant's development plan and incorporated into plans submitted for Plan Approval. As suggested, the final AIS, to be prepared in accordance with SHPD comments received after it completes its review of the draft, is expected to include a recommendation that the Applicant prepare this Preservation Plan. Thank you for your participation in this review process and for your comments on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal Enclosure cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Alan Haun, Haun & Associates Aric Arakaki, Superintendent, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service PBR HAWAII ASSOCIATES, INC. R. STAN DUNCAN, ASLA President / Chairman RUSSELL Y. J. CHUNG, FASLA, LEED® AP BD+C Executive Vice-President/Principal VINCENT SHIGEKUNI Senior Vice -President/ Principal GRANT T. MURAKAMI, AICP, LEED' AP BD+C Senior Vice-President/Principal KIMI MIKAMI YUEN, LEED® AP BD+C Vice-President/Principal TOM SCHNELL, AICP Principal CATTF. CLIO.i.ISOM, MCP Principal THOMAS S. WITTEN, FASLA Chairman Emeritus W. FRANK BRANDT, FASLA Founding Partner RAYMOND T. HIGA, ASLA Associate Principal MARC SHIMATSU, ASLA Associate Principal DACHENG DONG, LEED" AP Associate Principal ANN MIKTKO BOUST.OG, PhD ProjectDirector RAMSAY R. M. TAUM Cultural Sustainability Planner MICAH McMILLEN, ASLA, LEED® AP Sero, Associate NATHALIE RAZO Senior Associate GRACE ZHENG, ASLA, LEED® GA, SITES' AP Senior Associate ETSUYO KILA Associate GREG NAKAI Associate SELENA PANG Associate NICOLE SWANSON Associate 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813-34M Tel: (808) 521-5631 Fax: (808) 523-1402 E-mail: sysadmin@pbrhawaii.com printed on recycled paper October 4, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai`i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai`i 96720 SUBJECT: REVISED AIS AND PROPOSED PRESERVATION PLANS RELATED TO SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, `ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA Dear Director Kern, This is to follow-up to our September 29, 2021 letter response to comments provided on September 17, 2021 by Aric Arakaki, Superintendent for the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, administered by the National Park Service (NPS). This letter is offered on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. The May 2021 Archeological Inventory Survey (AIS) prepared for Kumu Hou by Haun Associates and submitted as Appendix 4 to the referenced Applications, has been revised to reflect the reclassification of three archeological sites within Kumu Hou. Specifically, at the request of the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program, Sites 26871, 26873 and 31230, which were previously assessed as significant under Criterion d" have been additionally assessed as significant under Criterion "e" (cultural value). As such, it is the Applicant's intention to preserve all three sites, and an Archeological Site Preservation Plan (SPP) will be prepared for SHPD review and approval. The attached provides a conceptual plan for the area of preservation, and should be considered an update to the attachment that was included with our letter dated September 29, 2021. The Applicant remains committed to work closely with Na Ala Hele and the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail Program in conjunction with the development and implementation of an SHPD-approved SPP. The SPP will offer more detail including specific buffers, signage, interpretive kiosks, linkages between sites, etc. The approved SPP will be used as a basis to finalize the Applicant's development plan and incorporated into plans submitted for Plan Approval. PLANNING • LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE • ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES • ENTITLEMENTS / PERMITTING • GRAPHIC DESIGN Director Zendo Kern SUBJECT: REVISED AIS AND PROPOSED PRESERVATION PLANS RELATED TO SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, `ANAEHO`OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA October 4, 2021 Page 2 Thank you for your participation in this review process and for managing the comments on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal Enclosure cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Alan Haun, Haun & Associates Aric Arakaki, Superintendent, US Department of the Interior, National Park Service LEGEND Potential Trail Fragments Conceptual Setback Areas Preliminary Conceptual Plan 10/03/2021 for Trail Preservation Kumu Hou at Waikoloa V iikoloa Land Company, Inc. Linear Scale li i iaetl 0 100 Island of Hawai'i l/tt PBR HAWAII ASSOCIATES_ INC. October 1, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai‘i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT APPLICANT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the Hawai‘i Fire Department’s letter dated August 17, 2021, regarding Kumu Hou at Waikoloa. On behalf of the Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company (WLC), we can attest that project construction will be in accordance with the NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code, 2006 Edition per County Code requirements. Thank you for facilitating this discussion on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Kazuo S. K. L. Todd, Fire Chief, County of Hawai‘i Fire Department October 1, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai‘i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU IN WAIKOLOA BEACH RESORT; TMKS: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.),031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the letter dated September 16, 2021, from Roy Ikeda, Interim Public Works Manager, Planning Section at the State Department of Education (DOE), Office of Facilities and Operations. We offer the following responses on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. Thank you for confirming that the 25 proposed single-family lots Kumu Hou, upon their eventual buildout, would be expected to be home to about nine public school students. Thank you also for confirming that development of Kumu Hou will not be subject to any school impact fees or other DOE contributions because: 1.Hawaii Revised Statutes 302A-1603(b)(4) exempts any development with anexecuted Educational Contribution Agreement (ECA) or other like documentwith the DOE from paying school impact fees.2.The Applicant and the DOE have executed an ECA; and 3.The ECA required the dedication of 12-acre school site, which the Applicant dedicated to the DOE, and where the Waikoloa Elementary and Middle Schoolhas since been constructed. Thank you for facilitating this discussion on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Roy Ikeda, Interim Public Works Manager, State Department of Education October 1, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai‘i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU IN WAIKOLOA BEACH RESORT; TMKS: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the letter dated September 15, 2021, from Mary Alice Evans, Director of the Office of Planning & Sustainable Development within the State Department of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism (reference DTS 202109130749LI). We offer the following responses on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. 1. Responsibility for SMA Use Permit Conditions – The Applicant confirmsthat it and/or the respective property owner(s) will be responsible for complying with conditions that are expected to be associated with new SMA Use Permits that may be granted. It is understood that such conditions willrun with the land and any potential transfer of ownership will also conveythe responsibility to fulfill the conditions so imposed. 2.Visual impacts toward and along the coast, or from the highway nearest the coast – The Kumu Hou SMA and COZ application, Appendix 10, offersa Scenic Resources and Visual Impact Analysis (PBR Hawai‘i, May 2021).This analysis demonstrates that Kumu Hou would not impact any views ofthe coastline from the Queen Ka‘ahumanu Highway (Figures 1 and 2), nor would it be visible from the shoreline (Figure 5). Moreover, it is shown that the proposed structures would not impair long views of the mountain profiles(Figures 3 and 4). The Applicant anticipates that the COZ, if granted, will have restrictions limiting built height to 45 feet or less for residential uses, or thirty feet or less for commercial/community uses. Director Zendo Kern SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU IN WAIKOLOA BEACH RESORT; TMKS: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA October 1, 2021 Page 2 Thank you for facilitating this discussion on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Mary Alice Evans, Director, State of Hawai‘i Office of Planning and Sustainable Development October 1, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai‘i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT APPLICANT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the County Police Department’s letter dated August 24, 2021, regarding Kumu Hou at Waikoloa. We offer the following responses on behalf of the Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company (WLC). We note the comment regarding the project increasing population which could lead to an increased burden on public safety services such as police and fire/rescue. In this respect, we note that the economic and fiscal impact assessment for Kumu Hou included in the application (Appendix 11) estimates the project will result in $6.0 million more in net additional County revenues per year during its sales and initial operations period (2027 to 2042), and an additional $10 million more per year in net County revenues are sold (after 2043). Should the County choose to allocate a portion of these additional revenues to fund more services to protect public health, welfare and safety, any new carrying costs to the public will be covered or effectively minimized. Thank you for facilitating this discussion on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Chad Basque, Assistant Chief, County of Hawai‘i Police Department October 1, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai‘i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT, APPLICANT WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9- 008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the Hawai‘i State Department of Health (DOH) letter dated August 18, 2021. We offer the following comments on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. Our responses are organized in accordance with topics raised in the DOH letter. Department of Health Air Pollution Rules, Chapter 60.1, Title 11 We acknowledge that there is a potential for fugitive dust emissions during construction. As stated in Appendix 9, the Applicant’s Air Quality Study (TAHA, 2021), project planning recognizes and specifies compliance with State Department of Health Fugitive Dust control measures. Section 3.2 of the Air Quality Study, Air Quality Regulatory Framework, State Regulations subsection, recognizes that Chapter 60 discusses air pollution control methodology, and includes air permitting, sampling, modeling, and fugitive dust, and motor vehicle provisions. Section 6.0 also recognizes the Department of Health Clean Air Branch Fugitive Dust Fact Sheet. Permit Issuance 1.State Waters - Based on the report included with the application as Appendix 7,Assessment of the Marine Environments in the Vicinity of the Proposed Kumu HouProject (Marine Research Consultants, Inc., 2021), MRCI determined there is nopotential for Kumu Hou to add to any potential for impacts to endangered or protected marine species. It also states evaluation of changes in water use of the Kumu Houproject carried out by Tom Nance Water Resource Engineering (Appendix 6) indicatesthat nutrients discharging at the shoreline will be reduced from the present situationwith the development of the project. This reduction is largely a result of decreasingthe area of golf course, and the associated reduction of application of fertilizer nutrients that can leach to groundwater. Any potential impacts to these waters causedby the construction and/or operation of the proposed project will meet the provisionsof the: a) anti-degradation policy (Chapter 11-54-1.1, HAR); b) designated uses(Chapter 11-54-3, HAR); and c) water quality criteria (Chapter 11.54 and 11-55,HAR). Mr. Zendo Kern, Planning Director SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW REQUEST FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA, APPLICANT WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA October 1, 2021 Page 2 However, direct discharges of storm water runoff into State waters are not expected to occur due to Best Management Practices to reduce airborne dust and waterborne silt during construction. 2. Section 401 Water Quality Certification/Clean Water Act – Pursuant to the “Clean Water Act,” a Section 401 Water Quality Certification from the State Department of Health, Clean Water Branch will be obtained if it is determined that the project may result in any discharge into navigable waters or as otherwise triggered. R.M. Towill Corporation, the civil engineer that prepared the Preliminary Engineering Report for Kumu Hou that was included in the Application as Appendix 2, noted that no federal permits are anticipated to be needed for project implementation. 3. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) – As stated in Appendix 2, the Application’s Preliminary Engineering Report (R.M. Towill Corporation, 2021), the Applicant acknowledges that an NPDES permit will be required and secured prior to the construction phase of this project. 4. Polluted Runoff Control – The project is not located in any watershed based plans. The project will manage runoff via Best Management Practices (BMPs) as required by the Hawai‘i County Code. HAR Chapter 11-46 “Community Noise Control” Construction activities associated with Kumu Hou will comply with provision of Hawai‘i Administrative Rules, Chapter 11-46, “Community Noise Control.” Noise permits will be obtained, and other requirements met as appropriate. As stated in Appendix 8, the Application’s Acoustic Study (Y. Ebisu, 2021), it is acknowledged that unavoidable, but temporary, noise impacts may occur during the construction of Kumu Hou. Because construction activities may be audible at very long distances from the construction sites, the acoustic environment in the environs of the project may be degraded during periods of construction. Mitigation measures to reduce construction noise to inaudible levels will not be practical in all cases. However, the use of quieter construction methods and equipment are recommended where feasible because of the very low background noise levels. The use of construction curfew periods as required under the State Department of Health noise regulations are also recommended to minimize construction noise impacts. DOH Standard Comments As recommended, we reviewed the DOH standard comments relating to Environmental Health programs as contained in https://health.hawaii.gov/epo/landuse/. We understand that all standard comments specifically applicable to Kumu Hou must be adhered to. Mr. Zendo Kern, Planning Director SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW REQUEST FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA, APPLICANT WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA October 1, 2021 Page 3 1. Clean Water Branch - We reviewed and understand the standard comments provided by the Clean Water Branch (CWB). 2. Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response Office - We understand that the Hazard Evaluation and Emergency Response (HEER) Office provides leadership, support, and partnership in preventing, planning for, responding to, and enforcing environmental laws relating to releases or threats of releases of hazardous substances. We do not expect hazardous substances, pollutants, or contaminants to be present at the project site. However, if any of these are found at the project site, HEER will be contacted to determine the appropriate actions to comply with the relevant environmental laws. 3. Indoor and Radiological Health (IRH) Branch - The proposed improvements will comply with the provisions of Chapter 11-46 regarding Community Noise Control. If noise created during the construction phase of the project is expected to exceed the maximum allowable levels, then a noise permit will be obtained before the commencement of work. 4. Safe Drinking Water Branch - We note that the Safe Drinking Water Branch administers programs to protect drinking water sources from contamination. a. Public Water Systems. A public water system will not be developed as part of the proposed project. b. Underground Injection Control (UIC). The proposed project will not utilize injection wells for the subsurface disposal of wastewater, sewage effluent, or surface runoff. c. Groundwater Protection Program. The project will follow the Guidelines Applicable to Golf Courses in Hawai‘i (Version 6) in order to address groundwater protection concerns, as well as other environmental concerns. 5. Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch - Any construction waste generated by the project will be disposed of at a solid waste disposal facility that complies with the applicable provisions (Chapter 11-58.1, HAR "Solid Waste Management Control"). Solid waste that cannot be recycled will be disposed of at landfills, the incinerator, or transfer stations. The closest landfill to the project site is the West Hawai‘i Sanitary Landfill (WHSL), located approximately 3.4 miles south of the project site. Waste contractors will be asked to submit disposal receipts and invoices to ensure proper disposal of waste. The proposed improvements will also comply with the provisions of Chapters 11-260 to 11-280, HAR, relating to hazardous waste. 6. Wastewater Branch - Domestic wastewater will be treated to R-1 quality standards and reused for golf course irrigation. Mr. Zendo Kern, Planning Director SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATION REVIEW REQUEST FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA, APPLICANT WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA October 1, 2021 Page 4 Healthy Community Design Smart Growth Checklist The DOH’s Healthy Community Design Smart Growth Checklist promotes healthy design such as parks/trails/open spaces, access to bike and walking opportunities, pleasant public spaces, and a clean environment with clean water, proper sewage treatment, and soil free of toxins from past uses. The Applicant supports these concepts and will ensure their implementation to the extent feasible and practical. For instance, approximately 69% of Kumu Hou’s land area, some 126 acres, has been planned as open space, including landscaped open areas and natural and renaturalized areas of lava. Within this area, approximately 3 acres will be designated as new public pedestrian paths and community parks with recreational amenities. These new pathways will link to the Resort’s existing public access routes to the shoreline. In contrast, the approximately 75 acres of golf fairways that are being repurposed offered visual open space, but those areas were accessible only to golfers. Thank you for facilitating this discussion on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Eric Honda, District Environmental Health Program Chief, Department of Health October 1, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai‘i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 SUBJECT: MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS REVIEW REQUEST FOR THE KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA PROJECT APPLICANT: WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the Department of Environmental Management’s letter dated August 18, 2021, regarding Kumu Hou at Waikoloa. We offer the following responses on behalf of the project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company (WLC). Solid Waste Division The project will comply with the Solid Waste Division recommendations, including: •The project will not use transfer stations for disposal. •Aggregates and any other construction waste will be responsibly reused to the fullestextent. •Ample and equal room will be provided for rubbish and recycling. •Green waste will be transported to the West Hawai‘i Organics Facility or other suitablediversion programs •Construction and demolition waste is prohibited at County Transfer Stations •A Solid Waste Management Plan will be prepared as necessary, and would be submitted for review and approval by DEM prior to issuance of Plan Approval or, in any event,prior to issuance of an Occupancy Permit. Thank you for sharing specifications for thisplan. Wastewater Division Comments We concur with the County Wastewater division’s recommendation of no comments, as the parcels are located in the private Waikoloa Wastewater Treatment Plant’s service area. Thank you for facilitating this discussion on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Ramzi I. Mansour, Director, Department of Environmental Management October 1, 2021 Zendo Kern Planning Director County of Hawai‘i Planning Department Aupuni Center 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TMKS: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA Dear Director Kern, Mahalo for forwarding the letter (reference number 01EPIF00-2021-TA-0458) dated September 10, 2021, from Chelsie Javar-Salas, Acting Island Team Manager, Pacific Island Fish and Wildlife Office (PIFWO), U.S. Department of the Interior. Ms. Javar-Salas notes that due to significant workload constraints, PIFWO is currently unable to specifically address the SMA and COZ applications referenced; however, the letter lists protected species and other conditions that could be encountered in or near the project area. We offer the following responses on behalf of the Kumu Hou Project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company. As a general note, no federal funding will be requested for this project, and no federal permits are anticipated. Thank you for your guidance that a number of protected species may occur within the vicinity of the project area. With consideration for these and other species of interest, a Biological Survey of the Kumu Hou project area (Geometrician, May 2021) was included as Appendix 3 of the SMA/COZ application. That study concluded: •With respect to flora:, the study found (a) No rare, threatened, or endangered (RTE) plant species as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service appear to be present onthe property; (b) no uniquely valuable vegetation types were identified; (c) Noexisting or proposed federally designated critical plant (or animal) habitat is presentin or near the project area; and therefore, (d) there appears to be no potential for Kumu Hou to adversely affect RTE plant species. Planning Dept. Exhibit_32__ Director Zendo Kern SUBJECT: SMA USE PERMIT AND CHANGE OF ZONE APPLICATIONS; WAIKOLOA LAND COMPANY; TAX MAP KEY NOS.: (3) 6-9-008:013 (POR.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (POR.), 028 (POR.), 029 (POR.), 031 (POR.), AND 033, ‘ANAEHO‘OMALU, SOUTH KOHALA October 1, 2021 Page 2 • With respect to fauna, the study (a) acknowledged that wide-ranging threatened and endangered animal species are present on and/or may overfly the property, as they do throughout most of coastal West Hawai‘i; (b) noted that the Applicant already works closely with the Hawai‘i State Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife to ensure that nēnē and their nests, as well as Hawaiian stilts, which are threatened or endangered species, are treated appropriately; (c) no nesting or foraging habitat appears present in the areas that will be affected by proposed activities; and therefore (d) assuming the continuation of this partnership, any impacts to these threatened or endangered species birds should be minimized, and these species may continue to benefit. • The study outlined standard mitigation measures to protect such species, which the Applicant and its landowner(s) will follow. The USFWS also recommended conservation measures and biosecurity protocols to avoid or minimize adverse effects to federally protected species. These will be employed per your comment letter and website, as feasible and practical. The project will also incorporate best management practices to minimize and avoid sedimentation and erosion impacts to water quality as listed on the PIFWO website, as feasible and practical. Thank you for facilitating this discussion on Kumu Hou. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company Chelsie Javar-Salas, Acting Island Team Manager, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office Mori, Ashley From:TlalocTokuda <tlaloctt@hotmail.com> Sent:Wednesday, August 25, 202111:03AM To:Planning Internet Mail Subject:Subject: Re: NoticeofRezoning andSMA usepermit applications inWaikoloa Beach Thequestion should bedowe (BIresidents) needanother 1189 time sharesinWaikoloa? What impact on ourroads (moretraffic), doesithelpwithlow-costhousing forBIresidents - NO? Does themoney from thetouristcirculate withinthe community - some, butnot asmuch asalocal resident? Whatisthe impact timesharers willhave onwater andpowerinfrastructures andisitsustainable? Tourist (time-sharers) useahigher percapita consumption of waterand energy, Please doletthisdevelopment happen!! Mahalo, tlaloc tokuda 1 Ann Bouslog From: Gary Buffo <gary@pureluxury.com> Sent: Thursday, August 26, 2021 8:05 AM To: Ann Bouslog Subject: Kumu Hou Certified Letter Follow Up FlacFollow up Flag Status: Flagged Hi Ann, I'm in receipt of your certified letter regarding the Kumu Hou Project and Plan. I own Waikoloa E3 LLC, which holds 69- 180 Waikoloa Beach Dr, Unit E3. I've owned the condo for nearly 5 years now. Waikoloa is an incredible destination, with all of its restaurants and amenities. With that said, I'm so excited about your project, and I will do whatever it takes to support it. I think it's going to bring the entire Waikoloa Beach area to a whole new level. Unfortunately, we'll all have to deal with the construction, but that's the price we will all have to pay to see our incredible area get reinvigorated. Please let me know if you have any questions, or need anything from me to push this forward. Sincerely, gary buffo 1 president 1 pure luxury transportation 1 (800) 626-5466 1 (707) 775-2920 1 fax: (707) 775-2928 1 gary@pureluxury.com 1 www.pureluxury.com I"Ila^ase a,auirroa.ucieir 4IMar a^irroviiiron' heirroll Ihra^ auir rriruirroll:iiirro „ II IMua. a^ irrruniill 1 Mori, Ashley From:RavenSlaughter <daydreampele@gmail.com> Sent:Thursday, August 26, 20213:15PM To:Planning Internet Mail Subject:OneTimeshares toomany Please, Wedonotneedmorehighbuckrentalsfortourists Thereareenough, andWaikoloaneedsbreathingspacefornature, affordable housingforthosewhoworkthehoteland rentalindustry, andnomoretrafficinKona. Concentrate ontheinfrastructure ofwhatwealreadyhaveAndtakecareoftheresidents whoarealreadyhere. Saveourresourcessowedonotendupwiththeproblemsinfestingmanymainlandcities Thisisthereasonmanypeoplearefleeing theirhomestocometoHawaiiforabetterwayoflifeandmoreresource resourcesthattheycandependon. Unfortunately theydonotleavetheirperceptions andtheirextravagances thatmadethemleavetheirhomes. WithAloha RavenSlaughter Ma'ukeleLodge Kaimu/Kalapana Hawaii 1 Mori, Ashley From:Marjorie Erway <merway@hawaii.rr.com> Sent:Saturday, August 28, 20212:05PM To:Planning Internet Mail Subject:Waikoloa Beach rezoning andSMAusepermitapplications Aloha! Asiunderstand thisapplication, itisproposingabout1200Timeshares. Whatisdesparately neededismoreaffordable housing, andnotmoretouristscrammingtheroads! IurgeyoutovoteNOonthisapplication! Mahaloforyourconsideration, Marjorie Erway POBox2807 KailuaKona, HI96745 808-324-4624 1 Mori, Ashley From:Gloria Palmer <glorialeep@aol.com> Sent:Tuesday, August 31, 20219:30AM To:abouslog@pbrhawaii.com; Planning Internet Mail Subject:Noticeofrezoning atWaikoloa Resort DearSirs, IamahomeowneratWaikoloaColonyVillas. IamagainsttherezoningofAreaAandBattheresort. Thebeach, shops, andotherinfrastructureattheWaikoloaResortwillbeunabletohandle900moretimeshares. Becauseofcovid, mostof thestoresattheKing'sShopsandtheQueen'sShopshavegoneoutofbusiness. Thereareonly2fastfoodrestaurants attheQueen'sShopsfoodcourt. Thereareonly4sitdownrestaurantsleftandsometimestheyareonlytake-out. Iknow shopownerswhohavetoldmeinconfidencethattheywillnotberenewingtheirleases. Theeconomyisnotgetting better, butmuchworse. Also, A_bayhasnotrecoveredfromthetsunami. Thebeachhadalotofsandpushedintothepondsandinthearea frontingthebeach. Eventhoughtheyhavefinallyrebuiltthewall, thesandwasneverreturnedtothebeach. Thewater depthbeforethetsunamiwassuchthatthecatamaransthattookoutsnorkelers, etc. couldactuallycomeuptothebeach toloadpassengers. Nowtheyhavetoferrytheirguestsonsmallertenders. Eventheglassbottomboathastrouble cominguptothebeach. ThebeachisalsoveryrockyinfrontoftheMarriottandtherehasbeenconsiderableerosionon thenorthsideofthebeach. Thisisalsothebeachusedbythecruiseboatswhentheystartcomingagain. Idon'tseehow thebeachcanabsorbtheincreasednumberofpeoplecomingwith900moretimeshares. Theresortisatit'slimitsnowandfortheforseeablefuture. Pleasedon'truinmyhome. GloriaPalmer WaikoloaColonyVillas, 2802 1 Mori, Ashley From:Gretchen <ggrove@hawaii.rr.com> Sent:Wednesday, September 1, 2021 4:01PM To:Planning Internet Mail Subject:Objection toKumuHouatWaikoloa Iwould liketogoonrecord asobjecting tothedevelopment oftimeshare units andsinglefamily homes proposed byWaikoloa Land Company. AtatimeinHawaii whenwe, collectively, arere-assessing where wehave gone wrong inpromoting unbridled tourism andhowwemight comeback toamore sensible approach, itseems ill-timed tobe considering over 1,100timeshare units, luxury homesandaluxurygolfcourse. And, although 100 affordable familyunitsbeing planned iswonderful, historically weknow thattheydon’thappen. Wemustlearn tobalance money with quality oflife. Manythanks, Gretchen Grove POBox40 Pepeekeo, HI96783 1 Mori, Ashley From:Richard Rocker <richard@richardrocker.com> Sent:Thursday, September 9, 2021 10:19AM To:Planning Internet Mail Cc:Richards, Tim; Tarnas David Subject:Waikoloa KingsCourseTimeshare towhomitmayconcern IreadwithgreatdismaythatthedevelopersofWaikoloawanttotaketheirOPENSPACEandconvertittoBOTH residential ANDTIMESHAREusage. Thisisanaffronttoallofuswhoresideonthisisland. WEloseagolfcourse andgainmorepeopleandmoretrafficonouralreadyovercrowded roads. Thisseemslikealose-loseforus, theresidentsofthisIslandanda BIGWINforthedevelopers. Theynolongerhavetomaintain theirgolfcoursewhichwaspartoftheiroverallplanapprovedbytheCounty. POHO thisisabaddealforUS theresidentsofHawai'i letsSTOPputtingTOURISTS & DEVELOPERS aheadofthoseofuswho LIVEHERE mahalo emalamapono RicRocker P.O. Box6719 Kamuela, HI, 96743 Cell 808-895-3469 Email: richard@richardrocker.com Skype: ricrocker 1 Ann Bouslog From: Lucia Salazar <salazar.lucia@icloud.com> Sent: Saturday, September 11, 2021 11:31 AM To: Ann Bouslog Subject: Special Management Area Use Permit and Change of Zone Applications Follow Up FlacFlag for follow up Flag Status: Flagged Aloha dear Ms. Bouslog, I acknowledge receipt of a letter you sent to "Surrounding Property Owners" of the project of the reference. From what I can see in the map you attached, the project affects mostly the Waikoloa resort area and part of Mauna Lani. The map doesn't show how far North the project goes. You should be aware that we sold the house (unit 2503) in the Waikoloa Colony Villas at the end of May 2021. I understand the Bureau of Conveyances has been loaded with work and new owners' names have not been updated. We now own a house in the Mauna Kea resort area but I think your project doesn't go that far. I will forward your information to the new owners of the house. Mahalo, Lucia Salazar 704 Mount Belcher Heights Salt Spring Island, BC V8K 2J3 Canada Former owner of Waikoloa Colony Villa unit #2503 1 Mori, Ashley From:LynnRostau <lynn.rostau@kingsshops.com> Sent:Monday, November 1, 20214:24PM To:Planning Internet Mail Subject:Testimony regarding KumuHouatWaikoloa BeachResort Aloha, Iwouldliketoexpressmystrongsupportforthedevelopment ofKumuHouatWaikoloa. AsGeneral ManageratKings’ Shopsforthelastfiveyears, IhaveseenfirsthandhowWaikoloa LandCompany hasbeenathoughtful stewardofthe area. Theynotonlyoffersupportofthecommunityandsurrounding businesses butalsotakeeverymeasuretoensure protectionandpreservation oftheenvironment. Theplanstoensurecreation ofaculturalcenterwillserveasahome forcontinuingthehonoringofculturalpractices andeducational programming, aninitiativethathasalsobeen important atKings’ Shops. KumuHouwillcertainly create economicmomentum atatimewhenweneeditmorethaneverbygenerating much neededhousingandcreating additionalfoottrafficforthebusinesses inthesurrounding area. Thisdevelopmentwill allowthoughtfulprogressandprovidejobsandopportunities aswelooktowardthefutureoftheourHawai’iIsland community. Mahalo, LynnRostau GeneralManager O: 808.886.8811 I C: 808.721.4924 kingsshops.com APACIFICRETAILPROPERTY @kings_shops #kingsshopsHI 1 AlI PBR HAWAII ASSOCIATES, INC. R. STAN DUNCAN, ASLA President/Chairman October 1, 2021 Mr. Zendo Kern, Director Planning Department COUNTY OF HAWAI'I 101 Pauahi Street, Suite 3 Hilo, HI 96720 RUSSELL Y. J. CHUNG, FASLA, LEED' AP BD+C SUBJECT: Executive Vice-President/Principal VINCENT SHIGEKUNI Senior Vice-President/Principal GRANT T. MURAKAMI, AICP, LEED' AP BD+C Senior Vice-President/Principal KIMI MIKAMI YUEN, LEED' AP BD+C Vice -President / Principal TOM SCHNELL, AICP Principal CATIE CULLISON, AICP Principal THOMAS S. WITTEN, FASLA Chairman Emeritus W. FRANK BRANDT, FASLA Founding Partner RAYMOND T. HIGA, ASLA Associate Principal MARC SHIMATSU, ASLA Associate Principal DACHENG DONG, LEED" AP Associate Principal ANN MIKIKO BOUSLOG, PhD Project Director RAMSAY R. M. TAUM Cultural Sustainability Planner MICAH McMILLEN, ASLA, LEED' AP Senior Associate NATHALIE RAZO Senior Associate GRACE ZHENG, ASLA, LEED' GA, SITES' AP Senior Associate ETSUYO KILA Associate GREG NAKAI Associate SELENA PANG Associate NICOLE SWANSON Associate 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 650 Honolulu, Hawaii 96813-3484 Tel: (808) 521-5631 Fax: (808) 523-1402 E mail: sysadmin@pbrhawaii.com printed on recycled paper Applications: Applicant: TMKs: PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA Special Management Area Use Applications PL -SMA -2021-000001 182.9 acres), 000002 (±38.6 acres), 000003 (±7.3 acres), and 000004 136.9 acres), Change of Zone Applications PL-REZ-2021-000004 and 000005 Waikoloa Land Company 3) 6-9-008:013 (por.), 021, 022, 025, 027 (por.), 028 (por.), 029 (por.), 031 (por.), and 033 Location: 'Anaeho'omalu, South Kohala District, Hawai`i Dear Director Kern, Thank you for forwarding several public comment emails regarding the above -noted applications for the Kumu Hou at Waikoloa project. This letter is submitted on behalf of the Kumu Hou project Applicant, Waikoloa Land Company (WLC). It presents a summary of the public comments received on the application, and the Applicant's team responses to them. Our summary of State and County agency comments and responses is provided in a separate letter; hopefully, this will facilitate your review of this application. COMMENTS RECEIVED TO DATE As of September 30, we received nine (9) comments in response to these applications and/or the Surrounding Property Owner (SPO) notifications sent pursuant to application requirements. These comments included two that can be characterized as neutral, just seeking additional information on the project, one that was strongly in favor of the project, and six that expressed concerns with the project. The respondent expressing support owns a unit at Waikoloa Beach Villas. The two neutral" commentators also had ties to Waikoloa Beach Resort (the Resort), and were generally seeking information about the SPO notice or their obligations to it. One was a former condominium owner at the Resort who sought to forward her SPO notice. One of those expressing concerns is an owner at Waikoloa Colony Villas, makai of the Project "Area A", while the other five appear to be residents of the broader community, referencing areas including Kaimu, Kapalpana, Kamuela, Pepe'ekeo, and Kailua-Kona. PLANNING • LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE • ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES • ENTITLEMENTS / PERMITTING • GRAPHIC DESIGN Mr. Zendo Kern SUBJECT: PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA October 1, 2021 Page 2 Table 1: Summary of Public Comments Received as of September 30, 2021 Name Affiliation Date T Addressee Outlook Gary Buffo SPO 8/26/2021 Email PBR Pro Sharon Kensinger HOA President, Shores at Waikoloa 8/31/2021 SMA -email PBR Neutral Gloria Palmer SPO 8/31/2021 SMA -email PBR Concern Lucia Salazar Former SPO 9/11/2021 SMA -email PBR Neutral Tlaloc Tokuda Community 8/25/2021 SMA -email Planning Dept. Concern Raven Slaughter, Ma'ukele Lodge Community Kaimu, Kalapana) 8/26/2021 SMA -email Planning Dept. Concern Ric Rocker Community Kamuela) 9/ 9/2021 SMA -email Planning Dept. Concern Gretchen Grove Community Pepe`ekeo) 9/1/2021 SMA -email Planning Dept. Concern Marjorie Erway Community Kailua-Kona) 8/28/2021 SMA -email Planning Dept. Concern The sections below summarize and discuss those comments that expressed support or concerns with Kumu Hou. DISCUSSION: SUPPORTIVE COMMENT A Mr. Gary Buffo, who holds an ownership interest in a condominium unit at Waikoloa Beach Villas, expressed his excitement for the project, noting how it would augment the restaurants, amenities and other aspects that make Waikoloa a great destination. While he acknowledged that there will be some construction disruptions, he indicated "that's the price we will all have to pay to see our incredible area get reinvigorated." DISCUSSION: COMMENTS OF CONCERN Concerns with the project tend to fall into the categories of "over -tourism" and community benefits, traffic, environmental quality and resource use, affordable housing, and open space and "space for nature". The concerns, and our responses are discussed in turn below. Mr. Zendo Kern SUBJECT: PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA October 1, 2021 Page 3 Over -tourism" and community benefits As you are aware, debates over the levels and types of tourism have been ongoing on all islands for years, and appear to have been intensified by the rapid decline (March 2020) and then rapid resurgence of visitation (summer 2021) as the COVID pandemic has unfolded. Such concerns were top of mind for all six of the commentators who opposed the project. Specific concerns included the relationship of more tourists to more traffic, limits in capacity or the ability of the Resort's stores and beaches to handle more tourists (Ms. Palmer combined this comment with a concern that stores at the Resort were currently suffering), the luxury market orientation of the new facilities, and an assertion that tourist expenditures do not circulate in the economy as much as those made by residents do. We acknowledge public sentiments regarding tourism, and particularly the rapid changes that have caused disruption over the past months. However, we note that while hotel units have actually declined in number on Hawaii island, much of the growth of tourism has been enabled by the conversion of homes to short term vacation rental units (STVRs). Unlike STVRs, timeshare units are associated with more full-time employment, repeat visitors with a connection to the host community, and location within a designated resort area, such as proposed at Kumu Hou. We also note that as a "primary industry," tourism is one of the significant sources of income for Hawaii island, as for the state as a whole. Tourism directly generates the visitor spending, employment, earnings for residents, and payment of various State and County taxes. These contributions to the economy are then re -spent by local residents who may benefit from the employment, entrepreneurial, and other opportunities thereby generated, via indirect and induced impacts that then circulate through the local economy. Without primary industries and earnings such as generated by tourism, there would be little if any local expenditures possible. Studies such as the 2020 "Economic and Fiscal Impacts of the Hawaii Timeshare Industry" prepared by EY and the economic and fiscal impact assessment for Kumu Hou that was included as Appendix to the Kumu Hou application, demonstrate the very strong direct and multiplier effects of spending in the community that can be expected to result from timeshare units generally and the Kumu Hou project specifically. Perhaps more importantly, the development and sale of the 900 new timeshare units at Kumu Hou will enable three outcomes that WLC believes are meaningful to our community: development of an affordable workforce housing project within the Resort (see below); a new endowment of up to 45 million for the Waikoloa Foundation to support education, environmental stewardship and culture in the community (https://waikoloaland.com/foundation/); and the repurposing and renovation of the Parker Ranch Building as a cultural center and community gathering place. Traffic Concerns about growth in tourism were often driven by concerns regarding traffic. Four commentators made statements such as "tourists cramming the roads", "our already overcrowded roads", and "Waikoloa needs... no more traffic in Kona." Wilson Okamoto Corporation prepared a traffic impact report (TIR) for Kumu Hou, and it is included in the application as Appendix D, within Appendix 2. In addition to the facilities Mr. Zendo Kern SUBJECT: PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA October 1, 2021 Page 4 identified, the project would entail new internal walking paths and roadways to provide access through the sites and within the Resort. Synergies between the proposed and existing uses within the Resort are expected to further reduce external trips by timeshare visitors. The TIR concludes that, with proposed mitigations noted (including improved facilities and circulation access), future traffic operations after buildout of Kumu Hou are expected to remain similar to conditions that could be experienced even if the project were not developed. Environmental quality and resource use Three commentators raised issues related to environmental quality and resource use, including the condition of "A bay," which Ms. Palmer indicated has not recovered from the tsunami. Mr. Tokuda also raised concerns about water and energy use. We note that potable water in this area is provided through a private water system owned by the Hawaii Water Service Company (HWSC) and serviced by the West Hawaii Utility Company WHUC). HWSC provided a letter indicating that WHUC is willing and able accommodate this increase in water use. Electricity will be provided by Hawaiian Electric - Hawaii Island (HECO- HI). WLC is committed to promoting guidelines and programs for Kumu Hou that support environmental stewardship via design principles and best practices. Proposed guidelines are presented in Appendix 13 to the SMA application, and reflect State and County philosophies, along with enhancements to facilitate responsible stewardship, and to reduce utility demands and the natural resources they rely on. With respect to water conservation, Kumu Hou is also planned to feature native and low-water need landscaping; treatment of wastewater to R-1 standards that can be recycled on the golf course; and development of a brackish water irrigation system. In addition, the development of timeshare and residential units at Kumu Hou is expected to actually enable less withdrawals from the Anaeho`omalu Aquifer than previously, attributable to not needing to water the nine former fairways that will be repurposed, along with recycled to be made available by the project's additional R-1 water production. Affordable housing Four commentators were very concerned about a strong need for affordable and workforce housing for residents and/or employees of the visitor industry. WLC strongly shares this concern and has therefore identified a ±25.4 -acre site south of the Queens' MarketPlace for affordable workforce rental housing and is in discussion with a potential developer for a project of not less than 142 units. We believe this will be the first affordable housing project in West Hawaii developed within a resort footprint. WLC's proposed developer recently conducted a survey of Resort employees and their housing needs to better inform their planning for this important development. Mr. Zendo Kern SUBJECT: PUBLIC COMMENTS AND RESPONSES TO MULTIPLE PERMIT APPLICATIONS FOR KUMU HOU AT WAIKOLOA October 1, 2021 Page 5 Open space and space for nature Two of the commentators raised concern about the loss of open space. One appeared to believe that a golf course was being lost. As detailed in the applications, Kumu Hou entails the repurposing of 9 -holes of the Kings' Course, but it is also a means of ensuring the viability of golf at the Resort in the long-term, with a 27 -hole complex that will be maintained at a luxury resort standard. Approximately 69% of Kumu Hou's land area, some 126 acres, is planned as open space, including landscaped open areas and natural and renaturalized areas of lava. Within this area, approximately 3 acres will be designated as public pedestrian paths and community parks with recreational amenities. The new pathways will link to the Resort's existing public access routes to the shoreline. In contrast, the approximately 75 acres of golf fairways that are being repurposed offered visual open space, but those areas were accessible only to golfers. SUMMARY As of September 30, the Kumu Hou team had received nine (9) comments in response to these applications and/or the SPO notifications. Two are characterized as neutral, one strongly in favor, and six raising concerns about the project. While nonetheless valid and important, concerns expressed are ones that are common to resort -oriented projects such as Kumu Hou. We grouped them in categories of "over -tourism" and community benefits, traffic, environmental quality and resource use, affordable housing, and open space and "space for nature". The Applicant has made a sincere effort through ongoing outreach and listening to community members, and through the responses provided herein, to address the concerns and interests expressed by members of the community. The Applicant conveys its appreciation to those who have taken the time to express their concerns, and hope that these responses lend some assurances regarding the project. Should you have further questions or comments on this matter, please feel free to forward them to me. Thank you very much. Sincerely, Tom Schnell, AICP Principal Enclosures: Public comment correspondence cc Scott Head, Waikoloa Land Company