HomeMy WebLinkAboutHANDOUT - Sunshine Law Ethics training, J Yoshimoto, 02 25 2022
Overview of the Sunshine Law and the Hawai’i County Code of Ethics
J Yoshimoto, Esq.
Assistant Corporation Counsel
Office of the Corporation Counsel
County of Hawai’i
February 25, 2022
The Sunshine Law
Hawai’i’s open meetings law, Part I of Chapter 92, Hawai’i Revised Statutes
Purpose is to protect the public’s right to know.
Open governmental process to public scrutiny and public participation
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Sunshine Law Requires:
No discussing board business outside of a meeting (with a few exceptions).
Every meeting must be open to the public unless executive session is allowed.
Boards must provide notice, accept testimony and keep minutes.
Cannot consider matters not included on agenda.
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“Board Business”
Matters over which the board has supervision, control, jurisdiction or advisory power that are before the board or reasonably anticipated to come before the board in the foreseeable
future.
On current or future agenda.
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Discussions with non-board members
The Sunshine Law does not apply to non-board members, so a board member may discuss board business with a non-board member outside of a meeting.
BUT – be careful of discussions in the presence of other board members
No discussion with non-board members regarding matters discussed in closed executive session
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Permitted Interactions of Members
HRS 92-2.5 (a)
Two or more members but less than a quorum may discuss between themselves matters relating to official board business to enable them to perform their duties faithfully, as long as no
commitment to vote is made or sought and the two members do not constitute a quorum of their board.
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Permitted Interaction Groups, HRS 92-2.5 (b)
Two or more members of a board, but less than a quorum, may be assigned to:
1. Investigate a matter relating to the official business of their board; provided that:
A. The scope of the investigation and the scope of each member’s authority are defined at a meeting of the board;
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HRS 92-2.5 (b)
B. All resulting findings and recommendations are presented to the board at a meeting of the board; and
C. Deliberation and decisionmaking on the matter investigated, if any, occurs only at a duly noticed meeting of the board held subsequent to the meeting at which the findings and recommendations
of the investigation were presented to the board;…
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Executive Meetings
Closed to public
Motion shall state reason for closed meeting
Requires 2/3 vote of board members present
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Executive Meeting Purposes
Personnel decisions
Consult with board’s attorney
Investigate criminal misconduct
Matters confidential by law or court order
HRS § 92-5
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Remote meeting options effective January 1, 2022
Boards and commissions will have the option to hold remote meetings by interactive conference technology (Zoom, WebEx, Microsoft teams, etc).
Must provide at least one location open to the public and that location must have an audiovisual connection
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Remote meeting requirements
A quorum of board members are required to be visible and audible throughout the meeting.
Other participants are not require to be visible.
Board members participating remotely from a nonpublic location shall state who, if anyone, is present with them at that location.
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Remote meeting requirements
At the start of the meeting, the Chair is required to announce the names of participating board members.
All votes shall be conducted by roll call unless unanimous.
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Remote meeting requirements
When practicable, boards must record meetings and make the recording electronically available to the public as soon as practicable after the meeting and until a time as the minutes are
posted.
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What happens if the meeting connection is lost?
Meeting shall be automatically recessed for up to 30 minutes.
If connection is not restored within 30 minutes the board must postpone/continue the meeting to another date and time or terminate the meeting.
Note: Meeting notice should include how the public can access the meeting after an interruption to communication and/or when the meeting will be continued to, date and time, if interruption
lasts more than 30 minutes.
If no notice, the meeting must be terminated.
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What happens when the connection is restored?
The meeting can reconvene if:
Audiovisual communication is restored; or
Audio-only communication is established after an unsuccessful attempt to restore audiovisual communication.
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No Video After Attempt to Restore
If only an audio connection is available after audiovisual connection has been lost, all board members must state their names before speaking.
Any visual aids available to the board shall be made available to all meeting participants within 15 minutes of losing visual connection. If visual aids cannot be provided to all participants,
then that agenda item shall not be acted upon.
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Testimony
All interested persons may submit written and/or oral testimony on any agenda item.
A board may adopt a rule setting a reasonable time limit for testimony.
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Meeting Agenda
Must list all items that the board intends to consider
Must be sufficiently detailed so as to provide the public with adequate notice of the matters to be considered
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Amending the Agenda
Only with 2/3 vote of all members
Cannot add item if:
of reasonably major importance, and
will affect a significant number of people
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Ethics Training –
Guiding Principles
Assume people are watching
Use the smell test
Take the high road
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“Elected and appointed officers and employees shall demonstrate the highest standard of ethical conduct so that the public may have trust and confidence in the integrity of the government.”
- Hawai’i County Charter, Section XIV
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Hawai’i County Charter, Section 14-2. Standards
It shall constitute a conflict of interest for employees or officers of the county to:
(a) Solicit or accept gifts, loans, gratuities, favors, promises or services with the understanding that the same may influence the employees or officers in the proper discharge of their
official duties.
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Section 14-2. Standards
(b) Use their official position to secure special privileges, consideration, treatment or exemption to themselves or any person beyond that which is available to every other person.
(c) Engage in any business, transaction or activity or have a financial interest, direct or indirect, which might reasonably tend to be incompatible with the proper discharge of their
official duties or to impair their independence of judgment in the performance of their official duties.
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Section 14-2. Standards
(d) Receive any compensation for their services as an officer or employee of the county from any other source other than the county, except as otherwise provided by this charter or by
law.
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Section 14-2. Standards
(e) Appear in behalf of private interests for compensation before any agency of the county other than a court of law, nor represent private interests in any action or proceeding against
the interest of the county in any litigation to which the county is a party. An officer serving the county without compensation, however, may appear for compensation in behalf of private
interests before county agencies other than the one on which the officer serves and other than those agencies that have the power to review the actions of the agency on which the officer
serves, or to act on the same subject matter as the agency on which the officer serves.
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Section 14-2. Standards
(f) Accept a retainer, compensation or election campaign contribution that is contingent upon action by a county agency.
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Hawai’i County Code of Ethics
Article 15, Hawai’i County Code
Applies to all County officers and employees
All officers and employees are presumed to know the requirements of the ethics code
Code is interpreted by the Board of Ethics
Citizens and employees may file petitions
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Fair treatment - § 2-83
(a) Officers and employees of the County, while discharging their duties and dealing
with the public, shall adhere to the following precepts:
(1) All public property and equipment are to be treated as a public trust and are
not to be used in a proprietary manner or for personal purposes without proper
consent.
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Fair Treatment
(2) No person in a supervisory capacity shall engage in personal or business
relationships with subordinates, which might intimidate said subordinates in
the discharge of their official duties.
(3) All persons shall be treated in a courteous, fair, and impartial manner.
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Fair Treatment
(b) No officer or employee shall use or attempt to use the officer’s or employee’s official position to secure or grant unwarranted privileges, exemptions, advantages, contracts, or
treatment, for oneself or others, including but not limited to the following:
(1) Seeking other employment or contract for services for oneself by the use or attempted use of the officer’s or employee’s office or position.
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Fair Treatment
(2) Accepting, receiving, or soliciting compensation or other consideration for the performance of the officer’s or employee’s official duties or responsibilities except as provided
by law.
(3) Soliciting, selling, or otherwise engaging in a substantial financial transaction with a subordinate or a person or business whom the officer or employee inspects or supervises in
the officer’s or employee’s official capacity.
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Fair Treatment
(4) Using County property, facilities, equipment, time, or personnel for private business, campaign purposes, or for any purpose other than for a public purpose.
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Fair Treatment
(c) An officer or employee of the County, or a business in which an officer or employee or the officer or employee’s immediate family has a controlling interest, may contract for goods
or services with any County agency provided that:
(1) The nature of the relationship between the officer or employee and the County is provided in full disclosure to the agency seeking goods or services as part of the bid for a contract
or response to a request for proposals; and
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Fair Treatment
(2) The officer or employee has obtained an opinion from the board that there is no conflict of interest resulting from the officer or employee’s position with the County. A board opinion
shall continue to satisfy this requirement until a change occurs in the financial interest or role of the County officer, employee, or the officer or employee’s affected immediate family
member, in the business or undertaking with which the contract is concerned. In the event an opinion by the board was not obtained in advance of submitting a bid, the officer or employee
shall instead submit a copy of a letter or petition requesting review by the board.
“Immediate family” means the employee’s or officer’s spouse, siblings, children, grandchildren, or parents.
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Conflicts of Interest
Hawai’i County Code § 2-84
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Conflicts of Interest
§ 2-84(a) No officer or employee shall take any official action directly affecting:
(1) A business or other undertaking in which that officer or employee has a substantial financial interest”
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Conflicts of Interest
§ 2-84(a) No officer or employee shall take any official action directly affecting:
(2) A private undertaking in which the officer or employee is engaged as legal counsel, advisor, consultant, or representative, or other agency capacity”
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Conflicts of Interest
§ 2-84(a) No officer or employee shall take any official action directly affecting:
(3) A business or undertaking in which the employee knows or has reason to know that a brother, a sister, a parent, an emancipated child, or a household member has a substantial financial
interest, provided that the financial interests of these individuals shall not include those of any spouse or child.
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Hawai`i County Charter, Article XIV
Conflicts of Interest
The failure to comply with the provisions of sections 14-2 to 14-4, inclusive, shall constitute a cause for suspension, removal from office or employment, or such other penalty as the
council may prescribe by ordinance, or other remedy as may be available by law.
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Gifts
§ 2-91.4. Gifts.
No officer or employee shall solicit, accept, or receive, directly or indirectly, any gift, whether in the form of money, service, loan, travel, entertainment, hospitality, thing, or
promise or in any other form, under circumstances in which it can reasonably be inferred that the gift is intended to influence the officer or employee in the performance of the officer’s
or employee’s official duties or is intended as a reward for any official action on the officer’s or employee’s part
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Reporting of gifts
Section 2-91.5. Reporting of gifts. (a) Every officer and employee shall file a gifts disclosure statement with the County board of ethics on June 30 of each year if all the following
conditions are met:
(1) The officer or employee, or spouse or dependent child of an officer or employee, received directly or indirectly from one source any gift or gifts valued singly or in the aggregate
in excess of $100, whether the gift is in the form of money, service, goods, or in any other form;
(2) The source of the gift or gifts have interests that may be affected by official action or lack of action by the officer or employee; and
(3) The gift is not exempted by subsection (d) from reporting requirements under this subsection.
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Reporting of gifts
(d) Excluded from the reporting requirements of this section are the following:
(1) Gifts received by will or intestate succession;
(2) Gifts received by way of distribution of any inter vivos or testamentary trust established by a spouse or ancestor;
(3) Gifts from a spouse, fiancé, fiancée, any relative within four degrees of consanguinity or the spouse, fiancé, or fiancée of such a relative. A gift from any such person is a reportable
gift if the person is acting as an agent or intermediary for any person not covered by this paragraph;
(4) Political campaign contributions that comply with state law;
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Reporting of gifts
(5) Anything available to or distributed to the public generally without regard to the official status of the recipient;
(6) Gifts that, within thirty days after receipt, are returned to the giver or delivered to a public body or to a bona fide educational or charitable organization without the donation
being claimed as a charitable contribution for tax purposes; and
(7) Exchanges of approximately equal value on holidays, birthday, or special occasions.
(e) Failure of an officer or employee to file a gifts disclosure statement as required by this section shall be a violation of this article.
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Confidentiality Provision
Hawai’i County Code § 2-91.6
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Confidentiality
No officer or employee shall disclose information which by law or practice is not available to the public and which the officer or employee acquires in the course of the officer’s or
employee’s official duties, or use the information for the officer’s or employee’s personal gain or for the benefit of anyone.
Note this provision covers both confidential and privileged information.
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“Confidential” and “Privileged” Information
“Confidential” information is protected as private by law.
“Privileged” information is protected as private by the relationship of the attorney and client.
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“Confidential” and “Privileged” Information
Confidential Information
Examples of “confidential” information are medical information protected by the medical privacy act, and criminal records protected by federal and state statute.
We are required by law to protect this information as private, and cannot “waive” the privacy right. Only the subject of the information, under limited circumstances, may waive this
privacy.
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“Confidential” and “Privileged” Information
Privileged information
“Privileged” information may not necessarily be “confidential” information, but nonetheless is information intended to remain private.
“Privileged” information is usually held private since its disclosure would adversely affect the functions and decision-making processes of the client.
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“Confidential” and “Privileged” Information
Release of confidential or privileged information
If “confidential” information is released without proper authority and/or consent, there may be civil and criminal consequences.
“Privileged” information may be released by the client, but there may be adverse personal and organizational consequences to the release.
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Caveat/Disclaimer
This written outline is intended to accompany and supplement an oral presentation concerning the listed material. The outline should not be used as the sole basis for any legal conclusion
or opinion concerning the subject matter. Please consult the Office of the Corporation Counsel at 961-8251 if you have any legal questions.
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