HomeMy WebLinkAboutFY23-24 Auditing - Arbitrage Compliance Consultant, Causey Demgen & MooreSUMMARY OF PROFPS
QUALIFICATIONS
2023
Causeyo
1099 Eighteenth Street, Suite 2300
Denver, Colorado 80202
CAUSEY DEMGEN & MOORE P.C.
Certified Public Accountants and Consultants
1099 Eighteenth Street, Suite 2300
Denver, Colorado 80202
Telephone: (303) 296-2229
Facsimile: (303) 296-3731
www.causeycpas.com
INTRODUCTION
CAUSEY DEMGEN & MOORE P.C. is a firm of professional accountants and
management consultants who are dedicated to providing the finest quality of
professional services to our clients and, thereby, our professional careers. We are a
national leader in our profession in providing services to the Public Finance
Industry.
The purpose of this document is to introduce you to our firm and arbitrage rebate
capabilities and our approach to providing the finest professional services to our
clients in this industry.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW OF THE FIRM
Page
PUBLIC FINANCE CAPABILITIES 2
Arbitrage Rebate Services
Verification Services
Investment Advisory Services
Financial Feasibility Studies and Other Services
ARBITRAGE REBATE CONSULTING SERVICES 4
ARBITRAGE REBATE PERSONNEL 6
ARBITRAGE REBATE REFERENCES 10
Issuers
Bond Counsel 1 Investment Bankers 1 Financial Advisors
REPRESENTATIVE DEAL LIST 1
Causey Demgen & Moore P.C.
Summary of Professional Qualifications
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OVERVIEW OF THE FIRM
CAUSEY DEMGEN & MOORE P.C., is a professional accounting and management
consulting firm based in Denver, Colorado established to provide a broad range of
personalized professional accounting and financial services to our clients and to provide a
creative environment and opportunities for growth for our employees.
The firm was formed to provide a workable composite of the best qualities of both national
and local CPA firms —experience, expertise, personal attention and quality reputation.
Since its formation as a partnership in 1981, the firm has grown from three to over forty
professionals. Causey was converted to a corporation in 1995 and currently has eleven
shareholders.
Our Public Finance practice is national in scope. Approximately 25% of our total firm
volume consists of services for clients on the East and West coasts of the United States.
Approximately 90% of our public finance and financial services practice is outside the
Rocky Mountain Region.
We have offered arbitrage rebate consulting services continuously since 1989.
Our Public Finance group consists of three principals, one part-time principal, four
managers, and five analysts for a total of thirteen professionals. The principals are William
Glasso, Heath Borer, and Justin Greaser.
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PUBLIC FINANCE CAPABILITIES
Causey is the largest CPA firm in the country that provides independent third -party
verification, financial feasibility, escrow monitoring, and arbitrage rebate services to issuers
of tax-exempt debt, their financial advisors and underwriters and their bond counsel. We
have provided these services on more than 20,000 issues nationally totaling over $350
billion.
We are the leading firm in our profession in terms of transaction volume. Our reports are
accepted by all bond insurers in their credit enhancement evaluations, as well as by the
major rating agencies.
Our practice covers the following areas:
Arbitrage Rebate Services:
Determination of rebatable arbitrage for:
Fixed and variable rate issues (including synthetic fixed rate issues)
:> General obligation and revenue bonds
Refunding issues
o Single family mortgage revenue bonds
o Multifamily mortgage revenue bonds
o Certificates of participation
Verification Services:
• Verification of escrow cash sufficiency and yield compliance for:
o Current refunding transactions
o Advance refunding transactions
o Yield verifications for bond issues to comply with arbitrage restrictions
o Escrow restructurings
o Cash flow of various secudtization transactions including, single and multi-
family housing issues, HUD 242 heath care and tobacco assets
Verification of escrow sufficiency, spend -down and net income analyses for
commercial real estate loan defeasance transactions
Investment Advisory Services:
• Structuring and bidding open market securities and investment contracts for:
o Project funds
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o Reserve funds
o Escrow funds
o Sinking funds
o Debt service deposit agreements
Financial Feasibility Studies and Other Services:
Financial and market feasibility studies for new projects encompassing:
o Healthcare
o Parking Facilities
o Housing
o Water and Sewer Utilities
o Healthcare
• Assistance to financially troubled projects and governmental entities to assist in:
{� Cost reduction/management reorganization
Revenue improvement
Evaluation of operations and forecasting the ability to repay debt under
various alternatives
c Evaluating alternatives to sales or other
o Solutions to problem situations
As evidence of our commitment to provide quality and timely services, we have developed
our own in-house computerized systems (1) to independently compute cash flows, yield
calculations and security coverage in the case of housing bonds and (2) to determine the
amount of rebatable arbitrage associated with a bond issue. We are constantly expanding
our service capabilities in order to meet industry needs.
Each of our particular areas of focus as well as our commitment to critical turnaround
requirements and a short description of the key people we will use the staff each
engagement are described in more detail below.
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ARBITRAGE REBATE CONSULTING SERVICES
The federal tax code currently requires all issuers of tax-exempt bonds to monitor the rate
of return realized on investments purchased with bond proceeds and to remit "excess
earnings" to the U.S. Department of the Treasury. We have determined the amount of
rebatable arbitrage for more than 1,000 issues of tax-exempt bonds and certificates of
participation including:
• Fixed rate issues
• Variable rate issues (including synthetic fixed rate issues)
• Single family mortgage revenue bonds
• Multifamily housing revenue bonds
We have extensive experience with transactions involving:
• Transferred proceeds
• Investments acquired with commingled funds
• Universal cap applications
• Valuation of bonds and investments
• Swap termination and deemed termination payments
• Spending exemptions
We have well -tested, tailored computer software to analyze an issuer's rebate liability and
typically provide two to three weeks turnaround from receipt of information to issuance of
the final report.
We have been engaged on several occasions to analyze arbitrage rebate computations
provided to our clients by other rebate agents and have successfully implemented
alternative computational procedures which resulted in a reduced rebate liability or allowed
the issuer to obtain a refund.
We have been involved in several transactions which were the focus of an Internal
Revenue Service audit. We were able to comply with certain of the Service's requests for
data or explanations relating to allocations of commingled funds, etc. and thereby insulate
our client from the need to allocate time and resources to address certain of these issues.
We routinely prepare all of the forms and other submitted items associated with the filing of
either a payment of a rebate liability or a request for a refund. To date, we are unaware of
any requests for refund which have not been paid in full.
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Approach
Our arbitrage rebate calculation services encompass the following:
• Review of pertinent documentation including the Arbitrage Certificate, Official
Statement, Trust Indenture, swap confirms, letter of credit reimbursement
agreement, investment contracts, Verification Report, and prior rebate report,
• Determination of the actual yield on the bonds,
• If requested, review and if necessary, modify, any prior years calculations,
• Analysis of transaction reports for each fund and account to allocate deposits,
transfers, interest earnings, and cash disbursements between purpose and non -
purpose investments,
• Analysis of any commingled funds, reserve funds, or debt service residual funds,
• Review of the particular circumstances of the issue to determine which, if any, of
the statutory arbitrage rebate exemptions apply (such as the bona fide debt service
fund exemption, small issuer exemption, six-month or eighteen -month expenditure
exemption and two-year spend -down exemption),
• Review of the particular circumstances of the issue to determine if any transferred
proceeds calculations are required,
• Coordination with bond counsel on issues requiring a legal opinion or interpretation,
• Calculation of the required arbitrage rebate amounts, by fund, for the calculation
period,
• Analysis of the various yield restriction rules and calculation of any necessary yield
reduction payments due to the Internal Revenue Service,
• Determination of the interest and any penalties due, if any, associated with late
filings as required by the regulations,
• Completion of Internal Revenue Service Form 8038-T, if necessary,
• Completion of Internal Revenue Service Form 8038-R (for a refund) and
corresponding IRS package, if applicable.
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ARBITRAGE REBATE PERSONNEL
Our ability to consistently provide quality work under tight time frames is a direct function of
the quality of our people and how well we work with our clients. The following are brief
biographical sketches of our public finance professionals.
William Glasso, CPA, Principal, began his career
with Causey as a verification agent in 1997.
Subsequently, he worked as a deputy treasurer for
the City of Rome, New York and as a financial advisor
to state and local governments with Evensen Dodge
LLC and then Capital Markets Advisors, LLC, both in
New York City. He rejoined Causey in 200E and
became a principal in 2008. Bill brings more than two
decades of experience in investment advisory
services to Causey and has managed more than
1,000 bidding agent transactions in his role as an
investment advisor.
He has had partnership responsibility on tax-exempt refunding bond issues totaling over
$120 billion, including more than 50 with transferred proceeds, and has performed or
reviewed more than 7,500 arbitrage rebate and verification calculations. His career
includes experience in the following areas:
• Verification studies of advance refundings, tobacco bonds, single family and multi-
family housing issues, asset release programs, escrow restructurings;
• Arbitrage rebate calculations for general obligation and revenue bonds, single
family and multi -family mortgage revenue bonds, refunding issues, variable rate issues;
• Bidding and structuring open market securities and investment contracts for project
funds, reserve funds, escrow funds, sinking funds, and debt service deposit agreements;
• Escrow monitoring and calculation agent services for synthetic fixed rate tax-
exempt advance refunding issues;
Commercial loan defeasance verifications.
He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting with a minor in Mathematics from
State University of New York and a Master of Business Administration from the University
of Central Florida.
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Arbitrage Rebate Manager
Teow Lim Goh joined Causey in 2006 as a
Consultant and became a Manager in 2020. She
has supervised or performed more than 5,000
arbitrage rebate calculations, verification studies,
and investment bidding and structuring analyses.
Teow manages our arbitrage rebate practice. She oversees workflow scheduling, insures
project completion, performs detailed reviews of the mathematical calculations and formal
reports, and manages our monitoring system of upcoming computation dates. She has
extensive experience in complexities such as variable rate yield calculations, amortization
of upfront guarantee fees, parity bond reserve funds, and multigenerational transferred
proceeds.
She earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics from the University of Michigan.
Arbitrage Rebate Staff
Nicole L. Oravec joined Causey in 2014 as a Consultant and became a Manager in 2022.
She has performed more than 650 arbitrage rebate calculations and verification studies.
She earned a Bachelor of Arks degree in Mathematics from Syracuse University.
Diana Bedolla joined Causey in 2020 as a Consultant and became a Senior Consultant in
2022. She has performed more than 350 arbitrage rebate calculations, verification studies,
and investment bidding and structuring analyses. She earned a Bachelor of Science
degree in Finance from Mississippi State University.
Brie Hopping-Merlino joined Causey in 2021 as a Consultant. She has performed more
than 200 arbitrage rebate calculations, verification studies, and investment bidding and
structuring analyses. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration
with an emphasis in Finance from the University of Colorado at Denver.
Alison Holmstrom joined Causey in 2022 as a Consultant. She has performed more than
50 arbitrage rebate calculations, verification studies, and investment bidding and
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structuring analyses. She earned a Bachelor of Business Administration with an emphasis
in Finance from the University of Wisconsin -Eau Claire.
Other Public Finance Professionals
Heath Borer, CPA, Principal joined Causey in 2006 as a Consultant and became a
Principal in 2021. He has supervised or performed more than 4,500 feasibility studies,
verifications and arbitrage rebate calculations, totaling more than $100 billion. He earned a
Bachelor of Arts degree in Marketing and Public Relations from Colorado State University
and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Colorado at
Denver.
Justin Greaser, Principal joined Causey in 2012 as a Consultant and became a
Principal in 2021. He is a registered Municipal Advisor and has worked closely will Bill
Glasso in providing investment advisory services over the past 10 years. Justin has been
the lead advisor on more than 1,000 transactions for Causey. He earned a Bachelor of
Science degree in Business Administration from the University of Pittsburgh.
Katelyn E. Baker began her career with Causey as a consultant in 2005, subsequently
moved into a managing role at the Colorado Housing and Finance Authority, and rejoined
Causey in 2022 as a Senior Manager. She has performed more than 5,000 arbitrage
rebate calculations, verification studies, and investment bidding and structuring analyses.
She earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from the Colorado School of
Mines.
Andy Mathes joined Causey in 2021 as a Senior Manager after nine years leading the
municipal advisory and fixed income investment operations of RlAs in Washington, D.C.
and Nashville. He is a graduate of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas and
serves as a Trustee for St. Mary's Episcopal School and the Episcopal Diocese of West
Tennessee Endowment Corporation.
Dino Zepcan joined Causey in 2016 as a Consultant and became a Manager in 2021. He
has performed more than 800 arbitrage rebate calculations, verification studies, and
investment bidding and structuring analyses. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in
Biology and an International Master of Business Administration degree, both from the
University of Denver.
F. Hunter Short joined Causey in 2019 as a Consultant and became as Senior Consultant
in 2021. He has performed more than 450 arbitrage rebate calculations, verification
studies, and investment bidding and structuring analyses. He earned a Bachelor of
Science degree in Finance from the University of Colorado at Denver.
Alexander Albert joined Causey in 2020 as a Consultant and became a Senior
Consultant in 2022. He has performed more than 350 arbitrage rebate calculations,
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verification studies, and investment bidding and structuring analyses. He earned a
Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration with an emphasis in Finance from
the University of Colorado at Boulder.
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Summary of Professional Qualifications
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ARBITRAGE REBATE REFERENCES
Issuers
Richard Dreher
Chief Financial Officer
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
700 South Eisenhower Boulevard
Middletown, Pennsylvania 17057
rdreher(a-,paturnpike.com
Adam Hegstrom
Manager
City of Colorado Springs Utilities System
121 South Tejon Street, 5th Floor
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80947
(719) 668-8530
AHeastrornecsu.orq
Kimberley Nichols
Deputy Director
State of Florida Division of Bond Finance
1801 Hermitage Boulevard, Suite 200
Tallahassee, Florida 32308
(850) 413-1303
n.nichols@sbafla.com
Christi Buffington
Senior Accountant
Northeast Georgia Health System
743 Spring Street NE
Gainesville, Georgia 30501
(770) 219-7224
Christi. Buffington{a)nghs.com
Nancy Miller
RDM-Johnstown, LLC
Greater Johnstown Water Authority
640 Franklin Street
Johnstown, Pennsylvania 15901
(814) 533-4300 ext.115
nmiller(a)rd m-giwa.corn
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ARBITRAGE REBATE REFERENCES
Bond Counsel 1 Investment Bankers 1 Financial Advisors
Kimberly Betterton
Partner
McKennon Shelton & Henn LLP
401 East Pratt Street, Suite 2600
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
(410) 843-3508
Kmberly.betterton(Wmshllp.com
Michael Cullers
Partner
Squire Patton Boggs (US) LLP
127 Public Square
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
(216) 479-8676
michael.cullers(@squ irepb.com
Carol Lew
Partner
Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth
660 Newport Center Drive, Suite 1600
Newport Beach, CA 92660
(949) 725-4237
clew@stradlinglaw.com
Safdar Mirza
Executive Director
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc.
1585 Broadway
New York, New York 10036
(212) 761-9050
Safdar.mirza@morganstanley.com
Joseph Muscatello
Managing Director
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company
1001 Liberty Avenue, Suite 1100
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222
(412) 854-7524
m u scate I loCa.stifel . co m
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REPRESENTATIVE DEAL LIST
Our professionals have provided arbitrage rebate services for more than 100 issuers
throughout the United States. In the past three years alone, we have provided the full
scope of arbitrage rebate services on approximately 400 bond issues, including those
listed below:
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
Location: Middletown, Pennsylvania
Duration of Assignment: 2019 — Present
Role in Project: Annual arbitrage rebate computations as of April 30
The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission was created in 1937 to construct, finance,
maintain, and operate the Pennsylvania Turnpike. As of 2023, the Commission had about
$11 billion of outstanding debt and 54 bond issues that were subject to rebate. These
computations include variable rate bond yields, including integrated swaps and
amortization of deemed swap termination payments; transferred proceeds analyses,
including cascading transferred proceeds and refunding of taxable issues requiring mark -
to -market analysis, and parity bond reserve funds analyses.
Our goal was to compute the arbitrage rebate liability as of April 30 of each year for each
outstanding bond issues and to advise and assist the Commission with the payment of any
amounts owed to the IRS.
Prior to our engagement, the previous arbitrage rebate consulting firm had provided these
services to the Commission for 15 years. As part of our engagement, we reviewed the
previous firm's arbitrage rebate reports and we found that the firm did not account for
about $60 million on deposit in three debt service reserve accounts associated with bond
issues that had already reached their final maturity dates.
We reached out to the Commission, who put us in touch with the previous firm as well as
Bond Counsel. After much deliberation, Bond Counsel opined that because these monies
in the reserve funds were not expressly released, they were still subject to rebate and
allocable to a particular universe of the Commission's bond issues. The previous firm,
incorrectly, did not include these reserve funds in their prior calculations. We discussed
this oversight with the Commission and rectified the calculations going forward.
City of Colorado Springs Utilities System
Location: Colorado Springs, Colorado
Duration of Assignment: Three-year contract initiated more than 15 years ago and
extended annually
Role in Project: Annual arbitrage rebate computations as of December 31
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Colorado Springs Utilities is an arm of the City of Colorado Springs and exists to provide
electric power to the greater Colorado Springs area. Their facilities include coal fired and
nuclear power generators and they maintain and operate their own coal delivery train
system. As of 2023, CSU had about $2.2 billion of outstanding debt and 26 bond issues
that were subject to rebate.
Our goal has to compute the arbitrage rebate liability as of December 31 of each year for
each outstanding issues and to advise and assist CSU with the payment of any amounts
owed to the IRS.
State of Florida
Turnpike Common Reserve Analysis
Location: Tallahassee, Florida
Duration of Assignment: August to October 2022
Role in Project: Commingled reserve funds analysis
The State of Florida performs its arbitrage rebate calculations in-house. We were hired to
calculate the allocation percentages for the common reserve funds pledged to the
Department of Transportation Turnpike Revenue Bonds that they can use in their arbitrage
rebate calculations.
Prior to 2008, the State had purchased surety policies for their Turnpike Revenue Bonds.
Due to a credit downgrade of the surety provider around 2008, the State had to contribute
cash to establish a common debt service reserve fund that was pledged to their parity
bonds. For the 16 subsequent issuances of their Turnpike Revenue Bonds, the State
contributed either bond proceeds or equity to the common debt service reserve fund. Until
June 2020, the State maintained these monies in 16 separate accounts.
In June 2020, the State collapsed these 16 separate accounts into an aggregate debt
service reserve account. There were new bond issuances after June 2020.
We reviewed the Official Statements, Tax Certificates, Forms 8038-G, Final Pricing
Numbers, and Verification Reports (if any) to establish the issuance, maturity, and
refunding histories for 38 issues of the State's Turnpike Revenue Bonds.
We allocated original proceeds to its bond issue, computed transferred proceeds
percentages for each of the refunding transactions, and allocated the equity portions
(including cash contributions from the State as well as portions of the reserve "orphaned"
due to debt service or debt service reserve funds contributed to refunding escrows) on an
original par basis.
With this information, we built a matrix of allocation percentages by bond issue and event
date for each of the 17 accounts (the 16 individual accounts plus the aggregate account.
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Anne Arundel County, Maryland
IRS Audit and Incomplete Investment and Expenditure Information
Location: Annapolis, Maryland
Duration of Assignment: May 2423
Role in Project: Assistance with IRS audit
A portion of the Anne Arundel County's bond issues were under IRS audit. McKennon
Shelton and Henn LLP, as Bond Counsel to the County, hired us to perform the arbitrage
rebate calculations for one of the bond issues under audit.
The County was not able to provide us with complete investment and expenditure data for
the bond issue under audit. The only information available were detail transaction reports
of the purchases, interest earnings and amortization, and maturities of the investments in
the funds under consideration. We were advised that the expenditure data would not be
available in a timely manner in order to meet the IRS audit deadline.
We made a list of the County's investments in the funds under consideration (excluding
the investments in tax-exempt bonds, which are not subject to rebate) and computed the
initial yield on each of the securities. For all except two securities, we found that the yield
on the securities did not exceed the bond yield. For the funds with the two securities
whose yields exceeded the bond yield, we computed the blended yield on all the securities
in those funds and found that each such blended yield did not exceed the bond yield.
We also compared the published rates on the Maryland Governmental Investment Pool for
the period for which bond proceeds were outstanding (such periods were provided by
Bond Counsel) to the bond yield and found that such investment rates did not exceed the
bond yield.
As a result, we were able to conclude that all the taxable investments in the funds under
consideration were invested at yields below the bond yields and issued a "no rebate
concern" report detailing our findings that supported our conclusion that such investments
did not generate any positive rebate liability.